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a radio communication apparatus using a direct conversion method capable of receiving a radio signal having a predetermined frequency band . the radio communication apparatus includes : a low - noise amplifier section including one or a plurality of low - noise amplifiers receiving input of a receiving signal having a predetermined frequency band ; and a mixer section including in - phase and quadrature mixers demodulating an output of the low - noise amplifier into in - phase - component and quadrature - component signals , respectively , wherein the mixer section includes a capacitor in an input section , separates the in - phase component and the quadrature component by the capacitor , and supplies the components to the corresponding in - phase and quadrature mixers , respectively . | 7 |
a pet restraint for restraining a pet to a vehicle . the restraint includes an elongated member having a first portion proximate the vehicle for mounting the elongated member to the vehicle and a second portion distal of the vehicle for engaging a pet . the first portion comprises at least one fastening means adapted to engage the vehicle and the second portion extends away from the vehicle . | 1 |
a rear end collision avoidance system utilizing a plurality of lamps facing the rear of the vehicle and a deceleration measuring device to sequence said lights so as to indicate the changes in speed of said vehicle . the system is actuated when the brake in the vehicle is applied . the measuring device utilizes a circular disk which is free to roll in a arc shaped slot . | 1 |
a string of electrically powered ornaments such as lights connected in a series and sequentially identifiable indicia is applied sequentially in association with each ornament in the string to enable a person to trace the string for testing each ornament . | 8 |
the present invention relates to a method for correlating single nucleotide polymorphisms in the preprotachykinin gene with the efficacy and compatibility of a pharmaceutically active compound administered to a human being . the invention further relates to a method for determining the efficacy and compatibility of a pharmaceutically active compound administered to a human being which method comprises determining at least one single nucleotide polymorphism in the nkna gene . said methods are based on determining specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nkna gene and determining the efficacy and compatibility of a pharmaceutically active compound in the human by reference to polymorphism in nkna . the invention further relates to isolated nucleic acids comprising within their sequence the polymorphisms as defined herein , to nucleic acid primers and oligonucleotide probes capable of hybridizing to such nucleic acids and to a diagnostic kit comprising one or more of such primers and probes for detecting a polymorphism in the nkna gene , to a pharmaceutical pack comprising nk - 1 receptor antagonists and instructions for administration of the drug to human beings tested for the polymorphisms as well as to a computer readable medium with the stored sequence information for the polymorphisms in the nkna gene . | 2 |
a collapsible baby bouncer for portable travel comprising a seat having two leg holes in a seat pocket , at least three support legs that form a tripod , at least three springs that extend from the top end of a support leg to the seat , and structural arms for retaining the support legs in an operational configuration . the baby bouncer further includes at least one structural arm can be collapsed to allow said baby bounder to be formed into an elongated shape that can fit into a carry sleeve . | 0 |
an electro - stimulation device includes a pair of electrodes for connection to at least one location in the body that affects or regulates the heartbeat . the electro - stimulation device both electrically arrests the heartbeat and stimulates the heartbeat . a pair of electrodes are provided for connection to at least one location in the body that affects or regulates the heartbeat . the pair of electrodes may be connected to an intravenous catheter for transvenous stimulation of the appropriate nerve . a first switch is connected between a power supply and the electrodes for selectively supplying current from the power supply to the electrodes to augment any natural stimuli to the heart and thereby stop the heart from beating . a second switch is connected between the power supply and the electrodes for selectively supplying current from the power supply to the electrodes to provide an artificial stimulus to initiate heartbeating . in another aspect , the invention is directed to a method for arresting the beat of a heart in a living body comprising the steps of connecting the pair of electrodes to at least one location in the body that affects or regulates the heartbeat and supplying an electrical current to the electrodes of sufficient amplitude and duration to arrest the heartbeat . the device may also serve to still the lungs by input to a respirator or by stimulation of the phrenic nerve during surgical procedures . | 0 |
a method and system are provided for monitoring service quality of at least one network connection point of a remote network connection service . the method includes establishing a network connection between a client device and the remote network connection service via the network connection point . the network connection point may be one of a plurality of remotely located network connection points via any one of which access to the remote network connection service is obtainable . the method includes monitoring access performance of the network connection point to generate access performance data , and processing the access performance data thereby to monitor the service quality of the network connection point . | 7 |
Close-in super-Earths, with radii R ≈ 2-5R<SUB>⊕</SUB> and orbital periods P < 100 d, orbit more than half, and perhaps nearly all, Sun-like stars in the Universe. We use this omnipresent population to construct the minimum-mass extrasolar nebula (MMEN), the circumstellar disc of solar-composition solids and gas from which such planets formed, if they formed near their current locations and did not migrate. In a series of back-of-the-envelope calculations, we demonstrate how in situ formation in the MMEN is fast, efficient, and can reproduce many of the observed properties of close-in super-Earths, including their gas-to-rock fractions. Testable predictions are discussed. | 9 |
sulfonate -, sulfate -, or carboxylate - capped , alkoxylated anti - misting agents having the structure : r n x ) m n h ) p , and methods of suppressing mist from electrolyte solutions by adding a mist - suppressing amount of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulas r n x ) m n h ) p and r 3 n + 2 r 4 , and mixtures thereof , to electrolyte solutions . | 2 |
a system for controlling key access using a phone and internet - connected key box device . the key box device comprises a sim card programmed with a unique phone number associated with the key box . calling the phone number using any phone will provide access to the key box . a cloud computing software application then interfaces with operations programmed into a circuit board . a user then unlocks a key chamber by calling the number at a scheduled time . the key box device owner monitors and controls access to the box and its key chamber via the software application . | 6 |
a metal oxide semiconductor transistor is disclosed . the mos transistor includes : a semiconductor substrate ; a gate disposed on the semiconductor substrate , wherein the gate comprises two sidewalls ; a spacer formed on the sidewalls of the gate ; a source / drain region disposed in the semiconductor substrate ; a silicide layer disposed on top of the gate and the surface of the source / drain region ; and a retarded interface layer disposed in the junction between the silicide layer and the gate and source / drain region . | 7 |
a gas mixer and reactor is provided which includes an elongated gas flow chamber with a nozzle arrangement at its inlet end for passing a first gaseous reactant into the interior of the chamber , toward the outlet of the chamber from points uniformly about the inner periphery of the chamber , and an annular nozzle arrangement near the outlet of the gas flow chamber for directing another gaseous reactant , or reactants , through the outlet of the gas flow chamber and into a thermal reaction chamber which communicates with the outlet of the gas flow chamber . in this manner controlled amounts of gaseous reactants may be thoroughly admixed and reacted to produce an atmosphere of desired composition . atmospheres for kilns having controlled amounts of free hydrogen , carbon monoxide , oxygen , or carbon for example , are produced by burning controlled ratios of fuel , air and in some cases an inert gas , mixed by the reactor . | 1 |
a method for fluid treatment that provides variable or alternative regeneration cycles within the same fluid treatment device . the duration of all stages of the regeneration cycle can be adjusted depending upon the amount of fluid treated so that regenerant resources such as water are not underutilized and waste is not discharged unnecessarily into the environment . | 1 |
Added feature that removes transition data related to a level that was removed Full Changelog: https://github.com/jaadt7/lvlspy/compare/v3.0.2...v3.0.3 | 9 |
a paperboard tray forming machine is disclosed which is designed for forming a paperboard tray from a flat production blank . the paperboard tray has front and rear end panels hingedly attached to side panels by means of folded gusset corner panels . the tray further has folded over corner flaps hingedly attached to the gusset panels and upwardly turned top flaps hingedly attached to the front and rear end panels . the machine is formed in a plurality of stations designed to take a paperboard flat production blank from a hopper and to fold the tray into the finished shape through a series of folding and glueing stations in the machine . the path of travel through the machine is in a generally u - shape . the various folding and glueing stations are positioned around an endless traveling conveyor having a plurality of mandrels attached thereto . the carton blank advances first in one direction and then turns in a u - shaped path and advances in the opposite direction . the folded carton is then stripped from the mandrel to be passed to a filling station forming no part of the invention . | 1 |
the present invention discloses an integrated multi - function window in the technical field of building material , which overcomes the disadvantages of the existing windows , including complicated structures and time , labor and cost consuming double constructions . the integrated multi - function window includes a first window frame having a first window . a first window cover is mounted at the upper part of the first window frame and first telescopic curtain cloth is located within the first window cover . one side of the first window frame is fixedly connected to the second window frame having a second window . the position of the second window is corresponding to that of the first window . the integrated multi - function window has a simple configuration and multiple functions and is of a low cost and improved reliability . | 4 |
a spinal disc annulus repair device for repair and reconstruction of the spinal disc wall after surgical invasion or pathologic rupture , which may incorporate suture closure or other means of stent insertion and fixation , designed to reduce the failure rate of conventional surgical procedures on the spinal discs . | 8 |
a protective faceplate for an implantable component of a tissue - stimulating prosthesis , such as a prosthetic hearing implant . the faceplate comprising a first or outer surface and an opposed second or inner surface . the implantable component can be removably or non - removably mountable to the second surface and adapted to extend into a cavity formed in a bone of a recipient . | 0 |
Space weather refers to dynamic conditions on the Sun and in the space environment of the Earth, which are often driven by solar eruptions and their subsequent interplanetary disturbances. It has been unclear how an extreme space weather storm forms and how severe it can be. Here we report and investigate an extreme event with multi-point remote-sensing and in situ observations. The formation of the extreme storm showed striking novel features. We suggest that the in-transit interaction between two closely launched coronal mass ejections resulted in the extreme enhancement of the ejecta magnetic field observed near 1 AU at STEREO A. The fast transit to STEREO A (in only 18.6 h), or the unusually weak deceleration of the event, was caused by the preconditioning of the upstream solar wind by an earlier solar eruption. These results provide a new view crucial to solar physics and space weather as to how an extreme space weather event can arise from a combination of solar eruptions. | 9 |
This is a pre-alpha release, and many things are under active development; plenty of tests either are not written or do not pass yet. However, some of the functionality is in a good enough state to use for research. This is the version that is imported by the showyourwork! workflow for the Mab paper in prep | 9 |
a system for exchanging data between a microprocessor and an auxiliary memory device connected to the microprocessor . a plurality of data exchange common rams are arranged in the auxiliary memory device , and the operating states of the common rams are stored in memory means , respectively . data exchange is performed through a common ram which is not being used in accordance with the storage content of said memory means , thereby decreasing the waiting time for data transmission / reception . | 6 |
a shopping cart is provided that is designed for the purchaser / user at the receiving web station and is associated with the receiving display station in place of the prior art shopping cart systems that are associated with and designed for particular web pages . the user may move his personal shopping cart from one web page to another without checking out as he leaves the particular web pages . the user may carry his load of products with his shopping cart as he moves the cart from web page to web page . an implementation at said receiving display station enables a user to load into said shopping cart a plurality of representations of products offered from said plurality of web sites . the user at the receiving display station is enabled to select to buy a set of the loaded products and there is an implementation for transmitting to each of a plurality of web sites offering the products selected to buy by said user , billing data required of said user to buy said products . | 6 |
a compressor / decompressor selecting apparatus includes a performance analyzer , a training server , a storage unit , and a selecting unit . the performance analyzer analyzes the performance of the current internet communication system , and outputs environmental parameters accordingly . the training server obtains learning data corresponding to a hyperplane according to training samples . the storage unit stores the learning data and the related parameters . the selecting unit does a functional analysis according to the environmental parameters and the learning data in order to select the codec suitable for the current internet communication system . | 7 |
in general , in one aspect , instructions are received from a user for management of a network device , the instructions are adjusted for compatibility with requirements of a network provider other than the user , and the adjusted instructions are implemented on the network device . | 7 |
a method , and a system for implementing the method , for detecting whether a flame is an on state or alternatively is in an off state . the method includes detecting the flame and generating therefrom a flame signal capturing one or more attributes of the flame ; using a high - order cumulant - to - moment formula to determine high - order cumulants for a random variable process representation of the flame signal ; and determining whether the flame is on or off using the high - order cumulants . the method includes the step of applying the high - order cumulant - to - moment formula in a self - learning algorithm to determine flame - on high - order cumulants and flame - off high - order cumulants for the flame . step includes comparing the high - order cumulants to the flame - on high - order cumulants and the flame - off high - order cumulants to determine whether the status of the flame is on or off . | 5 |
a robot coordinate system setting method is provided which facilitates the setting of a common coordinate system with respect to each of robots in a robot system or a robot installed in substitution for one of the robots . a coordinate transformation matrix for transforming a provisional coordinate system , which a first robot has recognized by accessing a second jig , into a common coordinate system , which the first robot has recognized by accessing a first jig , is calculated , and using this coordinate transformation matrix , a provisional coordinate system which a second robot has recognized by accessing the second jig is transformed into the common coordinate system which is to be recognized by the second robot , and is set with respect to the second robot . if a robot is installed in substitution for the second robot , method similar to the above is used to obtain a second provisional coordinate system , which the substitute robot has recognized by accessing the third jig , and is transformed into the common coordinate system which is to be recognized by the substitute robot , whereby the common coordinate system is set with respect to the substitute robot . | 6 |
there is provided a compound semiconductor device having a capacitor , to prevent a leakage current flowing between an upper electrode and a lower electrode of the capacitor via an insulating protective film . the compound semiconductor device comprises a first electrode of a capacitor formed on a compound semiconductor substrate via a first insulating film , a dielectric film of the capacitor formed on the first electrode , a second electrode of a capacitor formed on the dielectric film , a second insulating film for covering an upper surface and side surfaces of the second electrode , and an insulating protective film for covering the second insulating film , the dielectric film , the first electrode and the first insulating film , and having a hydrogen containing rate which is larger than the second insulating film . | 7 |
embodiments are directed to commanding , by a controller , a step in connection with a stepper motor . further , embodiments include discharging a current in a coil of the stepper motor by transferring the current to a capacitor coupled to the coil responsive to the commanded step and driving a current in the coil . the driving of the current in the coil includes using charge stored on the capacitor during the discharging of the current in the coil . | 7 |
disclosed herein is a refrigerator system that comprises an insulated housing that when combined with at least two insulated doors creates a refrigeration compartment , a first insulated door is pivotally coupled to the refrigeration compartment and a second insulated door is slidably attached to the refrigeration compartment , wherein the first insulated door and the second insulated door create a seal when closed with the refrigeration compartment ; and wherein the second insulated door has a height to width ratio of greater than one to one and the second insulated door is the full height of the at least one aperture . | 5 |
After large galaxies merge, their central supermassive black holes are expected to form binary systems. Their orbital motion should generate a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. Searches for this background use pulsar timing arrays, which perform long-term monitoring of millisecond pulsars at radio wavelengths. We used 12.5 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data to form a gamma-ray pulsar timing array. Results from 35 bright gamma-ray pulsars place a 95% credible limit on the GWB characteristic strain of 1.0 × 10<SUP>−14</SUP> at a frequency of 1 year<SUP>–1</SUP>. The sensitivity is expected to scale with t<SUB>obs</SUB>, the observing time span, as t<SUB>obs</SUB><SUP>−13/6</SUP>. This direct measurement provides an independent probe of the GWB while offering a check on radio noise models. | 9 |
noxious odors and water pollution commonly associated with the raising of hogs , cattle or poultry under confined conditions are eliminated by replacing the conventional waste lagoon and waste spreading fields with a wastewater treatment plant . the treatment plant extracts manure from the wastewater , then dries and burns the manure along with collected waste gases . the liquid waste portion is filtered , deodorized and then recirculated to the growing buildings as flushwater . | 0 |
an electronic musical instrument comprising a host processor , process / engine interface and sound engine the latter utilizing partial control chip modules and a data path chip module to effect multiple partial synthesis , in conjunction with a sound modelling technique , to generate up to 240 independent partials and impress time - varying amplitude envelopes on them and select and apply them to sound generation , each partial being controlled by selected parameters of frequency , amplitude , phase and attack / decay rate . a modulo - sumdither and oversampling approach to noise reduction is utilized in connection with the data path chip arrangement . log sine addition is utilized to avoid multiplication apparatus ordinarily required to combine sine wave defining parameters . | 8 |
an apparatus and method for compensating for transmit power losses that are caused by the addition of a clipping or crest factor reduction module in the tx path of a communications system . the method includes applying a gain to a signal input into the crest factor reduction module , so that a power of a signal output from the crest factor reduction module is equal to a power of a signal output from a baseband signal generation module in the tx chain . the apparatus and method have the benefit that the peaks of the signal to be transmitted will be consistent over a wide range of tx power values . | 7 |
No description provided. | 9 |
a superprecision positioning device includes an output shaft rotor , a plurality of eccentric shaft rotors including an inner eccentric shaft rotor and an outer eccentric shaft rotor , and a bearing base cylinder , electrically rotating and driving mechanism portions being provided between the eccentric shaft rotor and the output shaft rotor , and between the outer eccentric shaft rotor and the bearing base cylinder , respectively , whereby the eccentric shaft rotors and the output shaft rotor may be independently rotated and controlled . with this arrangement , movement in three degrees of freedom may be achieved by translational movement and rotation of the output shaft in a two - dimensional surface , and if an axially movable support shaft is inserted in the output shaft , an article being positioned may be moved with four degrees of freedom in total , providing superprecision positioning in units of 1 / 10 micron . | 5 |
The two primary observable quantities of an exoplanet-its mass and radius-alone are not sufficient to probe a rocky exoplanet's interior composition and mineralogy. To overcome this, host-star abundances of the primary planet-building elements (Mg, Si, Fe) are typically used as a proxy for the planet's bulk composition. The majority of small exoplanet hosts, however, do not have available abundance data. Here we present the open-source ExoPlex mass-radius-composition solver. Unlike previous open-source mass-radius solvers, ExoPlex calculates the core chemistry and equilibrium mantle mineralogy for a bulk composition, including effects of mantle FeO content, core light elements, and surface water/ice. We utilize ExoPlex to calculate the planetary radii, surface gravities, and bulk densities for 10<SUP>6</SUP> model planets up to 2 R <SUB>⊕</SUB> across these geochemistries, adopting the distribution of FGK stellar abundances to estimate of the range of bulk exoplanet compositions. We outline the 99.7% distribution of radii, surface gravities, and bulk densities that define planets as "nominally rocky." Planets outside this range require compositions outside those expected from stellar abundance data, likely making them either Fe-enriched super-Mercuries, or volatile-enriched mini-Neptunes. We apply our classification scheme to a sample of 85 well-resolved exoplanets without available host-star abundances. We estimate only nine planets are within the "nominally rocky planet zone" at >70% confidence, while ~20% and ~30% of this sample can be reasonably classified as super-Mercuries or volatile-rich, respectively. Our results provide observers with a self-consistent way to classify broadly a planet as likely rocky, Mercury-like, or volatile-enriched, using mass and radius measurements alone. | 9 |
a catalytic conversion process can convert inferior feedstock to high quality fuel oil and propylene . a inferior feedstock is introduced into first and second reactor zone , wherein the feedstock carry out first step and second step reactions by contacting with catalytic conversion catalyst . product vapors separate from spent catalyst by gas - solid separation . the spent catalyst is stripped , regenerated by burning off coke and then returns to reactor . the product vapors are introduced into separation system to obtain propylene , gasoline , diesel , fluid catalytic cracking gas oil and other products . the fgo is introduced into hydrotreating unit and / or extraction unit to obtain hydrotreated fgo and / or extracted fgo . said hyrotreated fgo and / or extracted fgo return to the first reactor zone and / or another catalytic cracking unit to obtain propylene and gasoline . the extracted oil of said fgo is rich in double ring aromatics which are good chemical materials . the raffinate of said fgo is rich in chain alkane and cycloalkane which are suitable for catalytic cracking . more particularly , the invention relates to a process to utilize petroleum oil resources efficiently for decreasing the yield of dry gas and coke significantly . | 2 |
an information processing device includes an execution unit that executes a control program for causing a functional unit to realize a predetermined function , a memory that stores the control program , a state variable indicating a state of the functional unit , and activation history of either initial activation or second and following activation , in a nonvolatile memory , and a communication unit that causes the execution unit to communicate with the functional unit , wherein the execution unit includes a first procedure where the control program is stored in the memory and the control program is read and is executed , and a second procedure where the control program pre - stored in the memory is read and is executed , refers to the activation history when activation is performed , executes the first procedure in a case of the initial activation , and executes the second procedure in a case of the second and following activation . | 6 |
a process is disclosed wherein read / write transducers are applied simultaneously to a mass of motion - constrained , pre - machined , air bearing sliders . | 8 |
the present invention relates to an improved disposable cleaning sheet for removing debris , especially hair from a non - smooth or rough surface , especially fibrous type surfaces such as carpeting or upholstery . the cleaning sheets comprise a fibrous substrate and a plurality of protrusions extending from strand elements embedded within fibrous substrate . the cleaning sheets use the protrusions to dislodge the debris from the surface being cleaned , and the fibrous substrate captures the dislodged debris without a backing for the protrusions interfering with the particle capture of the fibrous substrate . further , the protrusions are firmly embedded within the fibrous substrate such that they cannot be dislodged from the substrate in use . | 8 |
a vehicular seat assembly includes a seat bottom defining an occupant seating area . the seat bottom includes a cushion covered by a trim cover spanning opposed lateral sides of the seat bottom . a seat back defines an occupant back support and includes a cushion covered by a trim cover spanning opposed lateral sides of the seat back . an opening is formed in the cushion at one of the lateral sides of the seat back . an opening is formed in the trim cover at one of the lateral sides of the seat back . a cup is received in the opening formed in the cushion . a retaining ring is secured to the trim cover about the opening formed in the trim cover and attached to the cup . | 1 |
Context. Massive stars form in magnetized and turbulent environments and are often located in stellar clusters. The accretion and outflows mechanisms associated with forming massive stars and the origin of the stellar multiplicity of their system are poorly understood. <BR /> Aims: We study the effect of magnetic fields and turbulence on the accretion mechanism of massive protostars and their multiplicity. We also focus on disk formation as a prerequisite for outflow launching. <BR /> Methods: We present a series of four radiation-magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the collapse of a massive magnetized, turbulent core of 100 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> with the adaptive-mesh-refinement code RAMSES, including a hybrid radiative transfer method for stellar irradiation and ambipolar diffusion. We varied the Mach and Alfvénic Mach numbers to probe sub- and super-Alfvénic turbulence and sub- and supersonic turbulence regimes. <BR /> Results: Sub-Alfvénic turbulence leads to single stellar systems, and super-Alfvénic turbulence leads to binary formation from disk fragmentation following the collision of spiral arms, with mass ratios of 1.1-1.6 and a separation of several hundred AU that increases with initial turbulent support and with time. In these runs, infalling gas reaches the individual disks through a transient circumbinary structure. Magnetically regulated, thermally dominated (plasma beta β > 1) Keplerian disks form in all runs, with sizes 100-200 AU and masses 1-8 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The disks around primary and secondary sink particles have similar properties. We obtain mass accretion rates of ~10<SUP>−4</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>−1</SUP> onto the protostars and observe higher accretion rates onto the secondary stars than onto their primary star companion. The primary disk orientation is found to be set by the initial angular momentum carried by turbulence rather than by magnetic fields. Even without turbulence, axisymmetry and north-south symmetry with respect to the disk plane are broken by the interchange instability and thermally dominated streamers, respectively. <BR /> Conclusions: Small (≲300 AU) massive protostellar disks such as those that are frequently observed today can so far only be reproduced in the presence of (moderate) magnetic fields with ambipolar diffusion, even in a turbulent medium. The interplay between magnetic fields and turbulence sets the multiplicity of stellar clusters. A plasma beta β > 1 is a good indicator for distinguishing streamers and individual disks from their surroundings. | 9 |
a rotating and telescoping cleaning system improves high pressure water cleaning of the inner surfaces of vessels or tanks . vessels can be vertically divided with dividing plates with centered through - holes . synchronized and controlled transverse and rotary movements of water jets result in a controlled spiral or helical cleaning track along the vessel walls . the water jets are directed at a pre - adjusted distance from the vessel wall and the travel speed of the water nozzle jets is exactly controlled allowing the removal of very hard deposits . one pass with the tool carrier with operating water jets along the length axis of the vessel results in a thoroughly cleaned vessel wall . the tool unfolds and folds inside of the vessel powered by the flow of the high pressure cleaning water . | 1 |
Most fast radio bursts (FRB) do not show evidence of repetition, and such non-repeating FRBs may be produced at the time of a merger of binary neutron stars (BNS), provided that the BNS merger rate is close to the high end of the currently possible range. However, the merger environment is polluted by dynamical ejecta, which may prohibit the radio signal from propagating. We examine this by using a general-relativistic simulation of a BNS merger, and show that the ejecta appears about 1 ms after the rotation speed of the merged star becomes the maximum. Therefore there is a time window in which an FRB signal can reach outside, and the short duration of non-repeating FRBs can be explained by screening after ejecta formation. A fraction of BNS mergers may leave a rapidly rotating and stable neutron star, and such objects may be the origin of repeating FRBs like FRB 121102. We show that a merger remnant would appear as a repeating FRB on a time scale of ∼1-10 yr, and expected properties are consistent with the observations of FRB 121102. We construct an FRB rate evolution model that includes these two populations of repeating and non-repeating FRBs from BNS mergers, and show that the detection rate of repeating FRBs relative to non-repeating ones rapidly increases with improving search sensitivity. This may explain why only the repeating FRB 121102 was discovered by the most sensitive FRB search with Arecibo. Several predictions are made, including the appearance of a repeating FRB 1-10 yr after a BNS merger that is localized by gravitational waves and subsequent electromagnetic radiation. | 9 |
Context. The study of the early phases of star and planet formation is important to understand the physical and chemical history of stellar systems such as our own. In particular, protostars born in rich clusters are prototypes of the young Solar System. <BR /> Aims: In the framework of the Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS) large observational project, the aim of the present work is to investigate the origin of the previously inferred high flux of energetic particles in the protocluster FIR4 of the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 (OMC-2), which appears asymmetric within the protocluster itself. <BR /> Methods: Interferometric observations carried out with the IRAM NOEMA interferometer were used to map the silicon monoxide (SiO) emission around the FIR4 protocluster. Complementary archival data from the ALMA interferometer were also employed to help constrain excitation conditions. A physical-chemical model was implemented to characterise the particle acceleration along the protostellar jet candidate, along with a non-LTE analysis of the SiO emission along the jet. <BR /> Results: The emission morphology of the SiO rotational transitions hints for the first time at the presence of a collimated jet originating very close to the brightest protostar in the cluster, HOPS-108. <BR /> Conclusions: The NOEMA observations unveiled a possible jet in the OMC-2 FIR4 protocluster propagating towards a previously measured enhanced cosmic-ray ionisation rate. This suggests that energetic particle acceleration by the jet shock close to the protostar might be at the origin of the enhanced cosmic-ray ionisation rate, as confirmed by modelling the protostellar jet. | 9 |
an instruction fetch control system prefetches a branch instruction in a pipeline system and fetches a branch target instruction of the branch instruction . the control system comprises a first branch judgement circuit for conducting a branch condition judgement in a stage prior to the branch judgement stage in which a second and original branch judgement of the branch instruction is conducted , and a circuit for starting a prefetch of instructions following said branch target instruction without waiting for the branch judgement stage where the first branch judgement circuit judges that the branch is successful . | 6 |
dry dipercarboxylic acid material and methods of using dry dipercarboxylic acid particulates to form novel sterilizing solutions or liquid chemical germicides . the dipercarboxylic acids or organic diperoxygen compounds can be synthesized and isolated as solid powders with an extended shelf life . the powders are also soluble in water for quickly preparing liquid disinfectant solutions , whenever and wherever desired , from a potable water source . the dry dipercarboxylic acid materials are selected from diperglutaric acid , diperadipic acid , diperpimelic acid , dipersuberic acid , and diperazelaic acid . upon dissolution into water , these compounds have demonstrated the ability to inactivate high numbers of spores , including sterilization of medical equipment in 10 minutes at room temperature . | 2 |
a surgical instrument for being endoscopically or laparoscopically inserted into a surgical site for simultaneous stapling and severing of tissue includes force adjusted spacing between an upper jaw and a lower jaw so that the height of staple formation corresponds to the thickness of the tissue , yet does not exceed the height range that may be accommodated by the length of the staples . in particular , resilient structures are formed into an e - beam firing bar that includes a cutting surface that severs tissue between a top pin that engages the anvil and a middle pin and lower foot that engage the lower jaw . the resilience responds to the force exerted by clamped tissue to vary the spacing . | 0 |
a heat transfer system comprising a hydrogen supply unit 1 , which transfers hydrogen from a hydrogen recovery tube 8 to a hydrogen supply tube 7 , and a multiplicity of hydrogen utilization units 2a and 2b which utilize hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen supply tube 7 via its branching tubes 7a and 7b , respectively , and return hydrogen to the hydrogen recovery tube 8 via associated branching tubes 8a and 8b . by the use of the hydrogen supply tube 7 and the hydrogen recovery tube 8 having large volumetric capacities and filled with hydrogen , the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the hydrogen utilization units 2a and 2b may operate independently , without being synchronized one other . | 8 |
an industrial control system includes a central controller having a memory containing programmable data including operating programs for operating the controller , control program for controlling an industrial process , and configuration data configuring values used by the operating program and control program . the central controller is designed to control multiple devices also having memory holding programmable data including operating programs and configuration data . a program is executable by the central controller that causes the central controller to identify memories distributed through the industrial control system having programmable data and collect the programmable data from the memories . accordingly , the collected programmable data may be used to substantially recreate operation of the industrial control system in a second industrial control system having another central controller substantially identical to the industrial controller and multiple devices connected to the central controller . | 6 |
in a process for the extraction of celluloses from lignocelluloses , the extraction is carried out by means of heating with aqueous acetic acid under pressure and the addition of formic acid , whereby there is obtained a cellulose with a very low residual lignin content , which can be bleached with ozone and peracetic acid to high grades of white , and acetic and formic acid are recovered by means of distillation , so that waste waters do not , therefore , accumulate . | 3 |
a system element for the transporting and positioning of a tool on a surface of a workpiece , includes at least one suction device that generates a suction stream , and a transport device that is arranged around the suction device , and includes : at least two rollers that are rotatably supported on the suction device , connection elements that interconnect respective end regions of various rollers , and the rollers and the connection elements are elastically deformable , and when there is a suction stream , the system element substantially conforms with the surface of the workpiece . | 1 |
apparatus for constructing modular buildings in which a reuseable framing structure is expanded to a shape desired of a building , building material is removably attached to the framing structure , fluent concrete is introduced to the building material , the framing structure is retracted with the building and removed . the framing structure has means for expanding its height and width . it also has means for changing the slope of its roof portion as well as changing the angles of its sides . thus , many different shaped building can be constructed with the same framing structure . | 4 |
a voltage regulator permits reduced current consumption by promptly and timely stopping the operation of an inrush current protection circuit immediately after the voltage regulator is started up . the voltage regulator has an output voltage detection circuit , which issues a detection signal to actuate the inrush current protection circuit when a low voltage at an output terminal is detected at the time of starting up the voltage regulator . when it is detected that the voltage at the output terminal has reached a predetermined level , the operation of the inrush current protection circuit is stopped and a power path of the output voltage detection circuit is cut off . | 6 |
a method for managing jobs scheduled for execution on a target system in which some jobs may spawn additional jobs scheduled for execution on the target system including intercepting jobs scheduled for execution in the target system , determining whether there is resource sufficiency in the target system for executing jobs , responsive to an affirmative determination of resource sufficiency , releasing previously intercepted jobs for execution in the target system , computing a limit of a number of jobs which can be concurrently scheduled by an external system to the target system , and transmitting the computed limit to the external system . | 6 |
a stentless support structure capable of being at least partly assembled in situ . the support structure comprises a braided tube that is very flexible and , when elongated , becomes very long and very small in diameter , thereby being capable of placement within a small diameter catheter . the support structure is preferably constructed of one or more thin strands of a super - elastic or shape memory material such as nitinol . when released from the catheter , the support structure folds itself into a longitudinally compact configuration . the support structure thus gains significant strength as the number of folds increase . this radial strength obviates the need for a support stent . the support structure may include attachment points for a prosthetic valve . | 0 |
Aims. To comprehend the efficiency of dust evolution within protoplanetary disks, it is crucial to conduct studies of these disks using high-resolution observations at multiple wavelengths with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Methods. In this work, we present high-frequency ALMA observations of the HL Tau disk using its Band 9 centered at a wavelength of 0.45 mm. These observations achieve the highest angular resolution in a protoplanetary disk to date, 12 milliarcseconds (mas), allowing the study of the dust emission at scales of 2 au. We use these data to extend the previously published multi-wavelength analysis of the HL Tau disk. Results. Our new 0.45 mm data traces mainly optically thick emission, providing a tight constraint to the dust temperature profile. We derive maximum particle sizes of $\sim$1 cm from the inner disk to $\sim$60 au. Beyond this radius, we find particles between 300 $\mu$m and 1 mm. Moreover, an intriguing asymmetry is observed at 32 au in the northeast inner part of the HL Tau disk at 0.45 mm. We propose that this asymmetry is the outcome of a combination of factors including the optically thick nature of the emission, the orientation of the disk, and a relatively large dust scale height of the grains. To validate this, we conducted a series of radiative transfer models using the RADMC-3D software. If this scenario is correct, our measured dust mass within 32 au would suggest a dust scale height H/R> 0.08 for the inner disk. Finally, the unprecedented resolution allowed us to probe for the first time the dust emission down to a few au scales. We observed an increase in brightness temperature inside the estimated water snowline and speculate whether it could indicate the presence of a traffic jam effect in the inner disk. Abridge | 9 |
a candle holder has a double walled container and a lid fitting the container and suspending a candle platform into the double walled container . | 8 |
a view morphing algorithm is applied to synchronous collections of video images from at least two video imaging devices , and interpolating between the images , creates a composite image view of the local participant . this composite image approximates what might be seen from a point between the video imaging devices , presenting the image to other video session participants . | 7 |
Small grains play an essential role in astrophysical processes such as chemistry, radiative transfer, and gas/dust dynamics. The population of small grains is mainly maintained by the fragmentation process due to colliding grains. An accurate treatment of dust fragmentation is required in numerical modelling. However, current algorithms for solving fragmentation equation suffer from an overdiffusion in the conditions of 3D simulations. To tackle this challenge, we developed a discontinuous Galerkin scheme to solve efficiently the non-linear fragmentation equation with a limited number of dust bins. | 9 |
a combat training system for competition and impact fitness training provides a feedback mechanism that supports virtual sparring . the system is designed for athletic training and game - play , for one or multiple users . sensors attached to a target structure may capture data about strikes on the target including proximity to a target , force of impact , direction , and reaction time . a target structure may be an instrumented punching bag , mannequin , or other structure that may move when struck . data collected by the sensors may be sent to an analytic system that updates a display presenting a cumulative score , and / or for each strike , the data collected and the points awarded . an athlete may configure the target system for a particular session such as which targets in the system are active , a point value associated with each target , and / or the force of a strike required to count as a valid strike . | 0 |
Most stars form in highly clustered environments within molecular clouds, but eventually disperse into the distributed stellar field population. Exactly how the stellar distribution evolves from the embedded stage into gas-free associations and (bound) clusters is poorly understood. We investigate the long-term evolution of stars formed in the STARFORGE simulation suite - a set of radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of star-forming turbulent clouds that include all key stellar feedback processes inherent to star formation. We use NBODY6++GPU to follow the evolution of the young stellar systems after gas removal. We use HDBSCAN to define stellar groups and analyse the stellar kinematics to identify the true bound star clusters. The conditions modeled by the simulations, i.e. global cloud surface densities below 0.15 g cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, star formation efficiencies below 15 per cent, and gas expulsion time-scales shorter than a free fall time, primarily produce expanding stellar associations and small clusters. The largest star clusters, which have ~1000 bound members, form in the densest and lowest velocity dispersion clouds, representing ~32 and 39 per cent of the stars in the simulations, respectively. The cloud's early dynamical state plays a significant role in setting the classical star formation efficiency versus bound fraction relation. All stellar groups follow a narrow mass-velocity dispersion power-law relation at 10 Myr with a power-law index of 0.21. This correlation result in a distinct mass-size relationship for bound clusters. We also provide valuable constraints on the gas dispersal time-scale during the star formation process and analyse the implications for the formation of bound systems. | 9 |
the present invention relates to an airbag cushion which exhibits a low amount of seam usage in correlation to an overall high amount of available inflation airspace within the cushion itself . these correlated elements are now combined for the first time in what is defined as an effective seam usage index . the inventive cushion must have at least one substantially straight seam and must possess an effective seam usage factor of less than about 0 . 11 . a cushion exhibiting such a low seam usage factor and also comprising an integrated looped pocket for the disposition of an inflator can is also provided as well as an overall vehicle restraint system comprising the inventive airbag cushion . | 8 |
We present 0.″15 (∼2.5 pc) resolution ALMA CO(3-2) observations of the starbursting center in NGC 253. Together with archival ALMA CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) data, we decompose the emission into disk and nondisk components. We find ∼7%-16% of the CO luminosity to be associated with the nondisk component (1.2-4.2 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> K km s<SUP>-1</SUP> pc<SUP>2</SUP>). The total molecular gas mass in the center of NGC 253 is ∼3.6 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> with ∼0.5 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> (∼15%) in the nondisk component. These measurements are consistent across independent mass estimates through three CO transitions. The high-resolution CO(3-2) observations allow us to identify the molecular outflow within the nondisk gas. Using a starburst conversion factor, we estimate the deprojected molecular mass outflow rate, kinetic energy, and momentum in the starburst of NGC 253. The deprojected molecular mass outflow rate is in the range of ∼14-39 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> with an uncertainty of 0.4 dex. The large spread arises due to different interpretations of the kinematics of the observed gas while the errors are due to unknown geometry. The majority of this outflow rate is contributed by distinct outflows perpendicular to the disk, with a significant contribution by diffuse molecular gas. This results in a mass-loading factor η ={\dot{M}}<SUB>out</SUB>}/{\dot{M}}<SUB>SFR</SUB>} in the range η ∼ 8-20 for gas ejected out to ∼300 pc. We find the kinetic energy of the outflow to be ∼2.5-4.5 × 10<SUP>54</SUP> erg and a typical error of ∼0.8 dex, which is ∼0.1% of the total or ∼8% of the kinetic energy supplied by the starburst. The outflow momentum is 4.8-8.7 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> km s<SUP>-1</SUP> (∼0.5 dex error) or ∼2.5%-4% of the kinetic momentum released into the ISM by the feedback. The unknown outflow geometry and launching sites are the primary sources of uncertainty in this study. | 9 |
methods and apparatus , including computer program products , implementing and using techniques for managing data items in an inventory management system . a set of data items representing stock items is maintained in an inventory , wherein at least one stock item is described by two or more values . each value being expressed in different units of measurement . a change request for a change of the values for the stock item that is described in the two or more different units of measurement is received . the two or more values for the stock item that is described in two or more different units of measurement are updated . | 6 |
this invention provides compositions comprising a physiologically - active agent and a compound having the structural formula ## str1 ## wherein x may represent sulfur or two hydrogen atoms ; r &# 39 ; is h or a lower alkyl group having 1 - 4 carbon atoms ; m is 2 - 6 ; n is 0 - 18 and r is -- ch 3 , ## str2 ## wherein r &# 34 ; is h or halogen , in an amount effective to enhance the penetration of the physiologically - active agent through the skin or other membrane of the body of an animal . | 8 |
the invention relates to a regulating device , in particular a motor vehicle parking brake with a regulating unit having a power - operated drive . to provide a regulating device which enables simple cable balancing , it is proposed that a hollow shaft be moved against a torsionally resistant stop as a function of the spring force of an elastic element , when the parking brake is released . the axial position of the stop thus ensures that an adequate cable bias force is always present . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a method of making an optical device for contrast enhancement of a viewing display , such as a plasma display panel , a liquid crystal display panel , an inorganic light emitting diode display panel , or an organic light emitting diode display panel . | 1 |
a fastening device includes a cover , an actuating member rotatably attached on the cover , and a locking member disposed on the cover and engaging with the actuating member . the cover includes a hook capable of being locked and unlocked on an electronic device , and defines a through hole near the hook and the actuating member capable of rotating around a rotating center . the actuating member is locked on the cover while being pushed . the locking member including a locking portion capable of passing through the through hole and inserting into the electronic device to lock the hook on the electronic device and withdrawing from the through hole when the actuating member is pushed to rotate . | 1 |
Delayed "pair echo" signal from interactions of very-high-energy gamma rays in the intergalactic medium can be used for detection of the inter-galactic magnetic field (IGMF). We use the data of Fermi/LAT telescope coupled with LHAASO observatory measurements to confirm the presence of IGMF along the line of sight to the gamma-ray burst GRB221009A. Comparing the Fermi/LAT measurements with the expected level of the pair echo flux, set by the multi-TeV LHAASO detection, we derive a lower bound $10^{-19}$ G on the IGMF with correlation length $l$ larger than 1 Mpc, improving as $l^{-1/2}$ for shorter correlation lengths. This provides an independent verification of existence of a lower bound on IGMF in the voids of the Large Scale Structure, previously derived from the observations of active galactic nuclei. | 9 |
a high voltage charging circuit is provided with the ability of rapid charging . the circuit is composed of a turn - on control circuit , a turn - off control circuit and a transistor . the turn - on control circuit is adopted to set a turn - on time of a transistor such that the transformer may store magnetic energy , while the turn - off control circuit is used to set a turn - off time of the transistor such that the transformer may release the magnetic energy to charge a high voltage capacitor . smaller inductance reduces the turn - on time of the power transistor owing to the maximum current of the primary side of the transformer . therefore , a small - sized transformer may be employed to reduce the volume of the charging circuit with nonoccurrence of saturation . | 7 |
the present invention discloses several methods to strengthen the integrity of entities , messages , and processing related to content distribution as defined by the open mobile alliance digital rights management . the methods use techniques related to the trusted computing group specifications . a first embodiment uses tcg techniques to verify platform and drm software integrity or trustworthiness , both with and without modifications to the drm rights object acquisition protocol and drm content format specifications . a second embodiment uses tcg techniques to strengthen the integrity of roap messages , constituent information , and processing without changing the existing roap protocol . a third embodiment uses tcg techniques to strengthen the integrity of the roap messages , information , and processing with some changes to the existing roap protocol . | 7 |
certain exemplary embodiments relate to techniques for generating electronic menu graphical user interface layouts for use in connection with electronic devices . a virtual grid - based layout including rows and columns that together constitute regularly sized and shaped grid cells is defined . input identifying items to be included in the emenu is received . each item has associated length and width dimensions corresponding to a number of grid cells . at least some of the items are flagged for inclusion in the emenu . those items marked for inclusion are automatically and programmatically arranged in the emenu in the grid cells of the grid - based layout in a manner that minimizes the number of unused grid cells . a tag - based representation of the layout corresponding to the formatted emenu is stored . the file is made available to the electronic device in enabling the formatted emenu to be displayed thereon . | 6 |
an airbag for a restraint system in motor vehicles comprises a wall made of fabric . one surface of the fabric is subjected to a plasma treatment in order to increase the heat resistance of the fabric . there is also proposed a method of producing such airbag and a method of inflating it . | 1 |
a mechanism for implementing the chinese remainder theorem includes a signal processing architecture that is effectively configured principally of binary adders and lookup tables having small address space . through a set of lookup tables referencing a prescribed divisor , a respective set of summands are expressed in terms of quotients and remainders . those signal lines over which the quotient representative data is produced are summed in a modulo - power - of two adder , while the remainder data is summed in a simple binary adder . the resulting sums are then recombined into a common data format , using a reduced capacity lookup table and binary adders . | 7 |
a camera or an apparatus adapted to use a film with a magnetic memory portion , or a device adapted for such a camera or an apparatus has a magnetic head for at least one of writing information to the magnetic memory portion of the film and reading information from the magnetic memory portion , and a tool application portion for applying a tool for checking the performance of the magnetic head . | 6 |
the invention provides geopolymeric compositions , which have controllable thickening and setting times for a wide range of temperatures and a large range of geopolymer slurry densities . the geopolymer slurry compositions have good mixability and pumpability , while the set materials develop good compressive strength and permeability . the invention discloses a method for preparing geopolymer for oilfield cementing applications . the geopolymeric compositions according to the invention comprises a suspension comprising an aluminosilicate source , a metal silicate , an alkali activator , lightweight or heavyweight fillers and a carrier fluid wherein the suspension of said geopolymeric composition is pumped in a well and allowed to set . | 8 |
an antenna comprising a crossed pair of center - fed end - loaded bent - dipole radiators which are structurally embedded into a properly loaded cavity . broadband , dual independent polarized , and hemisphere field - of - view coverage with low rcs characteristics is provided with this antenna . | 7 |
the invention relates to a cathode ray tube device for generating a bright blue light of the type that is particularly useful for projection color television and information display . to filter out undesired radiation emitted by a silver - activated zinc sulfide phosphor , there is located in the path of blue radiation a concentrated solution of a soluble erbium salt and methyl violet 2b . | 7 |
an electronic device packaging apparatus using molding techniques is provided . this packaging apparatus includes an upper die , a lower die , and a resin injection mechanism . the lower die is designed to mate with the upper die , and includes a cavity block which has an upper block surface and a lower block surface . the upper block surface has formed therein a mold cavity for packaging an electronic device placed between the upper and lower dies with a resin material . the lower block surface has formed therein a groove communicating with the mold cavity . the resin injection mechanism is operable to inject a melted resin material into the mold cavity of the cavity block through the groove formed in the lower block surface of the cavity block . | 7 |
a lens cleaning module is provided for a lithography system having an exposure apparatus including an objective lens . the system includes a scanning stage for supporting a wafer beneath the objective lens . a cleaning module coupling with the lithography system is provided for cleaning the objective lens in a non - manual cleaning process . | 6 |
this disclosure relates to an object transport apparatus particularly useful for the high speed handling of semiconductor chips . transport is achieved by driving a vacuum pickup , through a rotational motion toward an object resting at a first reference location while simultaneously driving a cam , restraining a spring loaded cam follower , so that the vacuum pickup is positioned proximal to the first reference position . vacuum is applied to secure the object to the pickup . the cam and shaft are then simultaneously driven in the opposite direction to clear the other objects and obstruction by swinging the object through an arcuate motion while simultaneously elevating the object . as the pickup and object continue through the arcuate motion , the cam motion is reversed to position the object proximal to a deposition surface located at a second reference position . the cam is then further driven to contact the object with the deposition surface , the vacuum is released and the object is released . the cam is then driven down to allow the pickup to avoid interference with the released object or other obstructions and both the cam drive and shaft drive return the pickup to an index position , readying the apparatus for another cycle . all motions and operations are controlled by a controller . | 1 |
a system comprises a guide wire , an embolic protection basket carried on the guide wire , and a catheter carried on the guide wire adjacent the embolic protection basket . the catheter includes an elongated carrier and a balloon about the carrier in sealed relation thereto . the balloon is arranged to receive a fluid therein that inflates the balloon , and an arc generator including at least one electrode within the balloon forms a mechanical shock wave within the balloon . | 0 |
an inlet port of a manual timing valve is pressurized from a source of regulated line pressure through a manual valve when the vehicle operator selects certain gears manually . hydraulic flow through this port enters the manual timing valve through an orifice sized to control the flow rate . a first volume of the timing valve increases in size as a first piston moves due to pressure of fluid flowing to the valve through the orifice . pressure within the first volume is maintained constant while the first volume expands during a first interval , which ends when the first piston reaches the extremity of its motion . thereafter , pressure entering the valve through the orifice increases abruptly and causes a second piston to move against the force of a spring due to the increased pressure force developed on the second piston after the first volume stops expanding . as the second piston moves the size of a second volume increases during a second interval until the second piston bottoms . when this occurs , the valve opens a connection between the first port and an outlet port through a bypass line in which there is no restriction . | 5 |
The cosmic history of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth is important for understanding galaxy evolution, reionization, and the physics of accretion. Recent NuSTAR, Swift-BAT, and Chandra hard X-ray surveys have provided new constraints on the space density of heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using the new X-ray luminosity function derived from these data, we here estimate the accretion efficiency of SMBHs and their contribution to reionization. We calculate the total ionizing radiation from AGNs as a function of redshift, based on the X radiation and distribution of obscuring column density, converted to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. Limiting the luminosity function to unobscured AGNs only, our results agree with current UV luminosity functions of unobscured AGNs. For realistic assumptions about the escape fraction, the contribution of all AGNs to cosmic reionization is ∼4 times lower than the galaxy contribution (23% at z ∼ 6). Our results also offer an observationally constrained prescription that can be used in simulations or models of galaxy evolution. To estimate the average efficiency with which SMBHs convert mass to light, we compare the total radiated energy, converted from X-ray light using a bolometric correction, with the most recent local black hole mass density. The most likely value, η ∼ 0.3-0.34, approaches the theoretical limit for a maximally rotating Kerr black hole, η = 0.42, implying that on average growing SMBHs are spinning rapidly. | 9 |
MAGMARS version 1.0 described in: Collinet M., Plesa A.-C., Grove T.L., Schwinger S., Ruedas T. and Breuer D. (2021) MAGMARS: a Melting Model for the Martian Mantle and FeO-rich Peridotite. Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets | 9 |
the invention pertains to a fiber - reinforced rotationally symmetrical tool carrier , a corresponding manufacturing method and a grinding tool . the tool carrier can be separably connected to a rotary drive and contains a tool receptacle surface for receiving a grinding , rough - grinding and / or polishing element . the tool carrier and the grinding tool contain a fiber reinforcement that consists at least partially of natural fibers . | 1 |
to provide a variable dividing circuit having a high operational speed . the variable dividing circuit includes a shift register configured by cascade connection of d - type flip - flops with an initializing means by clock synchronization ; and a multiplexer 12 for selecting any one of output signals at respective stages of the shift register ; wherein the variable dividing circuit initializes each stage of the d - type flip - flops . in this case , in an input terminal 10 of the flip - flop at the first stage , a signal at an h level or at an l level is inputted in accordance with an initializing means . | 7 |
a sensor for detecting changes in a variety of conditions is provided , including temperature , chemical conditions including ph and ion levels , biological antigens , radiation levels , electrical field and pressure applied to the sensor . the sensor body is formed from a material which incorporates an evenly dispersed matrix of light - scattering elements . a light source emits light into the body to form an effective optical cavity in which the light is scattered by the matrix . one or more receivers detects the intensity of scattered or integrated light inside and / or outside of the optical cavity . the matrix and / or the sensor body are composed of materials which reduce or increase the density of light - scattering elements , depending on the conditions applied to the matrix . an increase in the density of the light - scattering elements results in a corresponding increase in the integrated intensity of light received by the receiver , when the receiver is positioned within the optical cavity . at a more distant location , the integrated light intensity at the receiver decreases as the density of scattering elements increases . a processing unit translates the intensity level received by the receiver , into a measure of intensity of the condition detected by the sensor . | 6 |
a system for conducting a data search operation for content stored at nodes on a network includes a menu interface for enabling an interaction sequence of content category selection and definition - narrowing of those categories selected , a server application for interpreting the interaction sequence and for formulating a search query based on the interpretation , and a session application for submitting the query to a third party node , and for receiving and filtering results returned , the results forwarded to the menu interface for subsequent display and interaction . the network may combine wireless and land - based telephone , internet , cable and satellite television . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a quick - disintegrating tablet in the buccal cavity comprising a drug , a diluent , and a saccharide with a relatively lower melting point than the drug and the diluent , which is obtained by uniformly mixing the saccharide with a low melting point in the tablet so that a bridge will be formed between said drug and / or said diluent particles by the product of melting and then solidification of this saccharide with a low melting point . moreover , the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a quick - disintegrating tablet in the buccal cavity comprising a drug , a diluent and a saccharide with a relatively lower melting point than the drug and the diluent , which comprises the process whereby tablet starting materials including a drug , a diluent , and a saccharide with a relatively lower melting point than the drug and the diluent are molded under the low pressure necessary for retaining the shape of a tablet , the process whereby the molded product obtained in process is heated to at least the temperature at which this saccharide with a low melting point will melt , and the process whereby the molded product obtained in process is cooled to at least the temperature at which the molten saccharide with a low melting point solidifies . the present invention presents a quick - disintegrating tablet in the buccal cavity that can be used for practical purposes in that it has almost the same properties as conventional oral pharmaceutical tablets , that is , it has sufficient tablet strength that it can be used with automatic unit dosing machines , and it is produced by conventional tableting machines , and a manufacturing method thereof . moreover , the present invention presents a quick - disintegrating tablet in the buccal cavity which , in comparison to conventional quick - disintegrating tablets in the buccal cavity , has increased tablet strength and an improved friability without prolonging the disintegration time in the buccal cavity , and a manufacturing method thereof . | 0 |
the invention provides methods and systems for detecting and characterizing alterations of media content , such as images , video and audio signals , using watermark messages to carry signal metrics . by comparing signal metrics extracted from the watermark to signal metrics calculated from a suspect signal , a watermark decoder can detect and even classify types of alterations to the watermarked signal . | 7 |
The Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC) approach developed in Xu et al. has the advantage of making full use of spectroscopic and deeper photometric surveys. With the merits of PAC, the excess surface density <inline-formula> <tex-math> ${\bar{n}}_{2}{w}_{{\rm{p}}}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> of neighboring galaxies can be measured down to stellar mass 10<SUP>10.80</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> around quasars at redshift 0.8 < z <SUB>s</SUB> < 1.0, with the data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys. We find that <inline-formula> <tex-math> ${\bar{n}}_{2}{w}_{{\rm{p}}}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> generally increases quite steeply with the decrease of the separation. Using the subhalo abundance-matching method, we can accurately model the <inline-formula> <tex-math> ${\bar{n}}_{2}{w}_{{\rm{p}}}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> both on small and large scales. We show that the steep increase of <inline-formula> <tex-math> ${\bar{n}}_{2}{w}_{{\rm{p}}}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> toward the quasars requires that a large fraction <inline-formula> <tex-math> ${f}_{\mathrm{sate}}={0.29}_{-0.06}^{+0.05}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> of quasars should be satellites in massive halos, and we find that this fraction measurement is insensitive to the assumptions of our modeling. This high satellite fraction indicates that the subhalos have nearly the same probability of hosting quasars as the halos for the same (infall) halo mass and that the large-scale environment has negligible effect on the quasar activity. We show that even with this high satellite fraction, each massive halo on average does not host more than one satellite quasar, due to the sparsity of quasars. | 9 |
a microstrip hybrid ring coupler providing the same function as a convental magic tee in waveguide or a coaxial rat - race . the ring is comprised of four equal electrical length arcs between the input - output ports . the 180 ° phase shift is introduced in one of the four ring arcs by a tightly coupled parallel strip conductor which extends towards the interior of the ring and has an electrical length of λ / 4 where λ is the wavelength at the midband operating frequency of the coupler . | 7 |
telephone apparatus for children which is selectively connectible to home stereophonic sound systems , by way of example . the subject telephone is a talking toy telephone which utilizes a stereophonic sound system requiring a play - back on two separate speakers . one of the speakers is mounted on the base of the telephone and the other speaker is enclosed within a receiver portion of the handset . the tape or record utilized in external apparatus includes two stereophonic channels , one being utilized for a telephone ring which is reproduced by the base speaker of the telephone , and a second channel including numerous type of information which is played back at the handset speaker . | 0 |
the method produces three dimensional cartographic data of a scene from n two - dimensional images of the scene , n being an integer higher than 2 . the images are delivered by n respective detectors seeing the scene from different points of view . in a first step , each detector i is calibrated for estimating parameters identifying n affine models f i each defining a relation between coordinates x , y , z of any point in the scene and coordinates i of a projection of said any point in an image i among said n images . each of couples of images , is matched , each match being made by searching an homolog of each of pixels or zones constituting the reference image along a corresponding epipolar line of the other image of the couple . in each couple of two images , each comprising one reference image , and for each pixel or each zone of the reference image , a curve plotting a degree of similarity as a function of disparity along the epipolar line of the other image of the couple is prepared . all curves are brought into a common reference frame for matching a maximum number of images . all curves are summed and the highest peak is retained . the coordinates x , y , z of each point are derived from the disparity of the retained peak and from the parameter of the n models f i . | 6 |
a data transmission unit for use in a system wherein data to be transmitted is organized into packets which are assigned one of three states : idle , occupied , or released , and transmitted among interconnected units . each unit is assigned a window limit on the number of packets it may transmit and has one or more terminals associated therewith , which may or may not have data to transmit . the unit responds to the state of a received packet , the state of the window limit , and the presence or absence of transmit data to control whether the packet transmitted out of the unit is a packet from an internal switching buffer , a released packet from a released cell producing circuit , an occupied packet containing data from the unit &# 39 ; s own terminals , or a dummy cell . a released packet contains the address of the unit which generated it and is generated when there is no data to be transmitted and an idle cell is received by the unit . any unit other than the generating unit can occupy a released packet with data from its terminal , even though its allocated window is exhausted , thereby increasing data throughput . | 7 |
a method of making circular and oval flanged rings , for the connection of thin walled circular and oval ducting , including circular and oval flanged rings having a sheet metal and air conditioning contractors national association standard t 24 profile . thin gauge lock form quality steel , from 10 to 20 gauge , is cut into strips with the strip ends butt welded forming flanged ring band stock which is inserted and clamped into a spinning die . the spinning die is rotated by a horizontally configured lathe output shaft presenting the extended portion of the flanged ring band stock for machine tool forming . standard machine tools are used to form the flanged ring band stock into a circular flanged ring including the smacna t 24 flanged ring profile . a circular flanged ring is cut along a diameter into semi - circular flanged ring portions ; straight segments including segments with smacna t 24 linear segments are roll formed , assembled into a oval shape within a fixture and welded forming the oval flanged ring . the method of making and the circular and oval flanged rings are disclosed . | 1 |
High-precision transit photometry supplies ideal opportunities for detecting new exoplanets and characterizing their physical properties, which usually encode valuable information for unveiling the planetary structure, atmosphere, and dynamical history. We present revised properties of three transiting systems (i.e. HAT-P-13, HAT-P-16, and WASP-32) through analyzing TESS photometry and ground-based transit observations, which were obtained at the 1-m and 2.4-m telescopes of Yunnan Observatories, China, and the 1.2-m telescope of Hamburg Observatory, Germany, as well as the data in the literature. During modelling the transit light curves, Gaussian process is employed to account for the potential systematic errors. Through comprehensive timing analysis, we find that both HAT-P-13b and HAT-P-16b show significant timing variations (TTVs) that can be explained by apsidal precession. TTVs of WASP-32b may be led by a decaying orbit due to tidal dissipation or apsidal precession. However, the current observations can not rule out the origins of three systems' TTVs from gravitational perturbations of close planetary companions conclusively. | 9 |
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