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36408365 | Blending Active Student Responding with Online Instruction to Evaluate Response Accuracy and Student Engagement. | High rates of active student responding and opportunities to respond are considered best-practice instructional strategies for learning. Many educators in higher education have shifted from teaching primarily in-person to either a hybrid or an online format over the past decade. The global pandemic hastened further shifts from in-person to online learning for many institutions of higher education. Given this rapid shift to online instruction, it is critical to evaluate evidence-based teaching practices in online formats. Although there is a robust body of literature that supports the effectiveness of embedding opportunities to respond and active student responding during in-person instruction, to date, there is limited research that evaluates the effects of increased opportunities to respond during synchronous online courses in post-secondary settings. Using an alternating treatments design, this study evaluated the effects of two active student response modalities on response accuracy for seventeen students enrolled in a synchronous online graduate course. The results suggest that students performed more accurately on post-lecture queries following conditions that required written active student pared to responds cards. Moreover, the accuracy of correct responding maintained across the exams and the cumulative final exam. Limitations and future implications are discussed. |
36408366 | Teaching Science Facts to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders via Telehealth. | The interruption in the education of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated telehealth services offered both to the individuals and their parents. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of the simultaneous prompting procedure and observational learning in teaching science facts to middle-school students with ASD by using multiple probe designs with probe trials via telehealth. The researchers also conducted follow-up and novel adult probe sessions to assess the effects of simultaneous prompting procedure and observational learning along with the opinions of students and their mothers in terms of social validity. Results indicated that students acquired the target science facts and observational learning skills, maintained them over time, and generalized them across different people. The implication of the findings and directions for future research was additionally discussed. |
36408369 | Ultra-high vacuum dc magnetron sputter-deposition of 0001-textured trigonal α-Ta | We report on the effects of substrate temperature (1073 K ≤ |
36408370 | Big data forecasting of South African inflation. | We investigate whether the use of statistical learning techniques and big data can enhance the accuracy of inflation forecasts. We make use of a large dataset for the disaggregated prices of consumption goods and services, which we partially reconstruct, and a large suite of different statistical learning and traditional time-series models. The results suggest that the statistical learning models are able pete with most benchmarks over medium to longer horizons, despite the fact that we only have a relatively small sample of available data. This may imply that the ability of statistical learning models to explain nonlinear relationships, or as an alternative, restrict the set of predictors to relevant information, is of importance. These characteristics of the statistical learning models may be particularly useful during periods of crisis, when deviations from the steady state are more persistent. We find that the accuracy of the central bank's near-term inflation pares favourably with those of other models, while the inclusion of off-model information, such as electricity tariff adjustments and other sources of within-month data, provides these models with petitive advantage. Lastly, we also investigate the relative performance of the different models as we experienced the effects of the recent pandemic and identify the most important contributors to future inflationary pressure. |
36408368 | A clustering of heterozygous missense variants in the crucial chromatin modifier WDR5 defines a new neurodevelopmental disorder. | WDR5 is a broadly studied, highly conserved key protein involved in a wide array of biological functions. Among these functions, WDR5 is a part of several plexes that affect gene regulation via post-translational modification of histones. We collected data from 11 unrelated individuals with six different rare |
36408375 | Profile of Tirbanibulin for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis. | Actinic keratosis (AK) is a chronic disease resulting from deleterious effects of long-term, cumulative, epidermal exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. UV-induced mutations in p53, ras, and p16 genes lead to the emergence of abnormal epidermal actinic keratosis (AKs) cells, which proliferate while avoiding apoptosis and may lead to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. There are both lesion-targeted and field-directed topical treatments. This review is of new and emerging information on tirbanibulin and tirbanibulin 1% ointment, which is approved for topical field treatment of actinic keratosis on the face and scalp. Potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities result from tirbanibulin's inhibition tubulin polymerization and disruption of microtubule formation and Src kinase signaling. Tirbanibulin 1% ointment is an effective treatment of facial and scalp AK after five consecutive once-daily applications, as measured plete and partial clearance and percent reduction in the number of lesions. Localized skin reactions are usually mild to moderate, resolving within a month. The short and well-tolerated course of therapy results in very high patient adherence to the treatment regimen. |
36408377 | Ameliorative effect of vanillin on scopolamine-induced dementia-like cognitive impairment in a mouse model. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the mon form of dementia, which is among the top five causes of death in the United States. It is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes permanent loss of memory and cognition. The current pharmacotherapy for AD is based on providing symptomatic relief only and has many side effects. There is a need for a safer, disease-modifying drug for the treatment of AD. |
36408378 | Altered functional connectivity between primary motor cortex subregions and the whole brain in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. | To investigate the reorganizations of gray matter volume (GMV) in each subregion of primary motor cortex (M1) after plete cervical cord injury (ICCI) and to explore the differences in functional connectivity (FC) between the M1 subregions and the whole brain, and further to disclose the potential value of each M1 subregion in motor function rehabilitation of ICCI patients. Eighteen ICCI patients and eighteen age- and gender- matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The 3D high-resolution T1-weighted structural images and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of all subjects were obtained using a 3.0 Tesla MRI system. Based on the Human Brainnetome Atlas, the structural and functional changes of M1 subregions (including A4hf, A6cdl, A4ul, A4t, A4tl, A6cvl) in ICCI patients were analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and seed-based FC, respectively. Compared with HCs, no structural changes in the M1 subregions of ICCI patients was detected. However, pared with HCs, ICCI patients exhibited decreased FC in visual related areas (lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus) and sensorimotor related areas (primary sensorimotor cortex) when the seeds were located in bilateral A4hf, A4ul, and decreased FC in visual related areas (lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus) and cognitive related areas (temporal pole) when the seed was located in the left A4t. Moreover, when the seeds were located in the bilateral A6cdl, decreased FC in visual related areas (lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus, calcarine gyrus) was also observed. Our findings demonstrated that each of the M1 regions had diverse FC reorganizations, which may provide a theoretical basis for the selection of precise stimulation targets, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tCDS), meanwhile, our results may reveal the possible mechanism of visual feedback and cognitive training to promote motor rehabilitation. |
36408379 | Prefrontal cortex neural activity predicts reduction of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder: An event related potential study. | Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) mon in adolescent MDD, which is also a risk factor for suicide. However, there is few research on biomarkers and predictors about treatment response of NSSI. The purpose of this study was to find the difference of P300 between adolescent MDD with NSSI and healthy controls, and to explore whether the baseline electrophysiological level can predict the change of NSSI after treatment. |
36408382 | The spike gating flow: A hierarchical structure-based spiking neural network for online gesture recognition. | Action recognition is an exciting research avenue for artificial intelligence since it may be a game changer in emerging industrial fields such as robotic visions and automobiles. However, current deep learning (DL) faces major challenges for such applications because of the putational cost and inefficient learning. Hence, we developed a novel brain-inspired spiking neural network (SNN) based system titled spiking gating flow (SGF) for online action learning. The developed system consists of multiple SGF units which are assembled in a hierarchical manner. A single SGF unit contains three layers: a feature extraction layer, an event-driven layer, and a histogram-based training layer. To demonstrate the capability of the developed system, we employed a standard dynamic vision sensor (DVS) gesture classification as a benchmark. The results indicated that we can achieve 87.5% of accuracy which parable with DL, but at a smaller training/inference data number ratio of 1.5:1. Only a single training epoch is required during the learning process. Meanwhile, to the best of our knowledge, this is the highest accuracy among the non-backpropagation based SNNs. Finally, we conclude the few-shot learning (FSL) paradigm of the developed network: 1) a hierarchical structure-based network design involves prior human knowledge; 2) SNNs for content-based global dynamic feature detection. |
36408381 | Exploring the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration: A review of the interplay between retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and the innate immune system. | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the older population. Classical hallmarks of early and intermediate AMD are accumulation of drusen, a waste deposit formed under the retina, and pigmentary abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). When the disease progresses into late AMD, vision is affected due to death of the RPE and the light-sensitive photoreceptors. The RPE is essential to the health of the retina as it forms the outer blood retinal barrier, which establishes ocular immune regulation, and provides support for the photoreceptors. Due to its unique anatomical position, the RPE municate with the retinal environment and the systemic immune environment. In AMD, RPE dysfunction and the accumulation of drusen drive the infiltration of retinal and systemic innate immune cells into the outer retina. While recruited endogenous or systemic mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) contribute to the removal of noxious debris, the accumulation of MPs can also result in chronic inflammation and contribute to AMD progression. In addition, munication and indirect molecular signaling between MPs and the RPE may promote RPE cell death, choroidal neovascularization and fibrotic scarring that occur in late AMD. In this review, we explore how the RPE and innate immune cells maintain retinal homeostasis, and detail how RPE dysfunction and aberrant immune cell recruitment contribute to AMD pathogenesis. Evidence from AMD patients will be discussed in conjunction with data from preclinical models, to shed light on future therapeutic targets for the treatment of AMD. |
36408383 | Elevated beta activity in the nighttime sleep and multiple sleep latency electroencephalograms of chronic insomnia patients. | To examine the 24-h hyperarousal hypothesis of insomnia using electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral analysis of overnight polysomnography (PSG) and daytime multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs). |
36408384 | Upregulation of neuropeptide Y in cardiac sympathetic nerves induces stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. | Substantial emotional or physical stress may lead to an imbalance in the brain, resulting in stress cardiomyopathy (SC) and transient left ventricular (LV) apical ballooning. Even though these conditions are severe, their precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Appropriate animal models are needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms. In this study, we established a new animal model of epilepsy-induced SC. The SC model showed an increased expression of the acute phase reaction protein, c-Fos, in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), which is the sympathetic nerve center of the brain. Furthermore, we observed a significant upregulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the left stellate ganglion (SG) and cardiac sympathetic nerves. NPY showed neither positive nor negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. On the contrary, NPY could interrupt β-adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes when exposure to NPY precedes exposure to noradrenaline. Moreover, its elimination in the left SG |
36408387 | Dorsal root ganglion pulsed radiofrequency using bipolar technology in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain duration ≥ 2 years. | Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) or dorsal root ganglion pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are alternative treatments for lumbosacral radicular pain (LSRP). This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of bined with dorsal root ganglion PRF using bipolar technology to treat LSRP in patients with pain duration ≥ 2 years. |
36408388 | Autism spectrum disorders pathogenesis: Toward a comprehensive model based on neuroanatomic and neurodevelopment considerations. | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves alterations in neural connectivity affecting cortical network organization and excitation to inhibition ratio. It is characterized by an early increase in brain volume mediated by abnormal cortical overgrowth patterns and by increases in size, spine density, and neuron population in the amygdala and surrounding nuclei. Neuronal expansion is followed by a rapid decline from adolescence to middle age. Since no known neurobiological mechanism in human postnatal life is capable of generating large excesses of frontocortical neurons, this likely occurs due to a dysregulation of layer formation and layer-specific neuronal migration during key early stages of prenatal cerebral cortex development. This leads to the dysregulation of post-natal synaptic pruning and results in a huge variety of forms and degrees of signal-over-noise discrimination losses, accounting for ASD clinical heterogeneities, including autonomic nervous system abnormalities orbidities. We postulate that sudden changes in environmental conditions linked to serotonin/kynurenine supply to the developing fetus, throughout the critical GW7 - GW20 (Gestational Week) developmental window, are likely to promote ASD pathogenesis during fetal brain development. This appears to be driven by discrete alterations in differentiation and patterning mechanisms arising from |
36408390 | The circadian system modulates the cortisol awakening response in humans. | In humans, circulating cortisol usually peaks 30-60 min after awakening from nocturnal sleep, this monly referred to as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). We examined the extent to which the CAR is influenced by the circadian system, independent of behaviors including sleep. |
36408391 | Comparison of dural puncture and dural incision in deep brain stimulation surgery: A simple but worthwhile technique modification. | The accuracy of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode placement is influenced by a myriad of factors, among which pneumocephalus and loss of cerebrospinal fluid that occurs with dural opening during the surgery are considered most important. This study aimed to describe an effective method for decreasing pneumocephalus paring its clinical efficacy between the two different methods of opening the dura. |
36408392 | Analysis of laser Doppler flowmetry long-term recordings for investigation of cerebral microcirculation during neurointensive care. | Cerebral blood flow is monitored in the neurointensive care unit (NICU) to avoid further brain damage caused by secondary insults following subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain trauma. Current techniques are mainly snap-shot based and focus on larger vessels. However, continuous monitoring of the smaller vessels may help detect the onset of secondary insults at an earlier stage. In this study, long-term measurements of brain microcirculation with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were performed and evaluated. The aim was to identify and describe physiological signal variations and separate these from movement artifacts. Fiberoptic probes for subcortical LDF recordings of perfusion and total light intensity (TLI) were implanted in three patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Data were successfully collected and visualized in real-time over 4 days, resulting in 34, 12, and 8.5 h per patient. Visual observation, wavelet transforms, moving medians, and peak envelopes were used to identify and describe movement artifacts and physiological changes. Artifacts occurred in <5% of the total recording time and could be identified through signal processing. Identified physiological signal patterns included a slowly increasing perfusion trend over hours, vasomotion mainly at 2 cycles/min both in the perfusion and the TLI, and rapid, synchronized changes in the TLI and the perfusion on 38 occasions. Continuous LDF recordings indicating changes in the microvascular blood flow can increase the understanding of the microcirculation in the injured brain. In the long run, this may e plement for the detection of secondary insults at an earlier stage than possible with today's techniques. |
36408389 | MS-based glycomics: An analytical tool to assess nervous system diseases. | Neurological diseases affect millions of peopleochemistryorldwide and are continuously increasing due to the globe's aging population. Such diseases affect the nervous system and are characterized by a progressive decline in brain function and progressive cognitive impairment, decreasing the quality of life for those with the disease as well as for their families and loved ones. The increased burden of nervous system diseases demands a deeper insight into the biomolecular mechanisms at work during disease development in order to improve clinical diagnosis and drug design. Recently, evidence has related glycosylation to nervous system diseases. Glycosylation is a vital post-translational modification that mediates many biological functions, and aberrant glycosylation has been associated with a variety of diseases. Thus, the investigation of glycosylation in neurological diseases could provide novel biomarkers and information for disease pathology. During the last decades, many techniques have been developed for facilitation of reliable and efficient ic analysis. Among these, mass spectrometry (MS) is considered the most powerful tool for glycan analysis due to its high resolution, high sensitivity, and the ability to acquire adequate structural information for glycan identification. Along with MS, a variety of approaches and strategies are employed to enhance the MS-based identification and quantitation of glycans in neurological samples. Here, we review the advanced ic tools used in nervous system disease studies, including separation techniques prior to MS, fragmentation techniques in MS, and corresponding strategies. The glycan markers mon clinical nervous system diseases discovered by utilizing such MS-based ic tools are also summarized and discussed. |
36408393 | Novel quantitative electroencephalogram feature image adapted for deep learning: Verification through classification of Alzheimer's disease dementia. | Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) analysis monly adopted for the investigation of various neurological disorders, revealing electroencephalogram (EEG) features associated with specific dysfunctions. Conventionally, topographies are widely utilized for spatial representation of EEG characteristics at specific frequencies or frequency bands. However, multiple topographies at various frequency bands are required for plete description of brain activity. In consequence, use of topographies for the training of deep learning algorithms is often challenging. The present study describes the development and application of a novel QEEG feature image that integrates all required spatial and spectral information within a single image, ing conventional obstacles. EEG powers recorded at 19 channels defined by the international 10-20 system were pre-processed using the EEG auto-analysis system iSyncBrain |
36408395 | The convergent and divergent patterns in brain perfusion between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia: An ASL MRI study. | Aberrant brain blood perfusion changes have been found to play an important role in the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). However, the convergent and divergent patterns in brain perfusion between two dementias remain poorly documented. |
36408396 | Teneurin paralogues are able to localise synaptic sites driven by the intracellular domain and have the potential to form | Synaptic specificity during neurodevelopment is driven binatorial interactions between select cell adhesion molecules expressed at the synaptic membrane. These protein-protein interactions are important for instructing the correct connectivity and functionality of the nervous system. Teneurins are one family of synaptic adhesion molecules, highly conserved and widely expressed across interconnected areas during development. These type-II transmembrane glycoproteins are involved in regulating key neurodevelopmental processes during the establishment of neural connectivity. While four teneurin paralogues are found in vertebrates, their subcellular distribution within neurons and interaction between these different paralogues remains largely unexplored. Here we show, through fluorescently tagging teneurin paralogues, that true to their function as synaptic adhesion molecules, all four paralogues are found in a punctate manner and partially localised to synapses when overexpressed in neurons |
36408397 | Perceptions of persons who wear face coverings are modulated by the perceivers' attitude. | We examined if the effect of facial coverings on person perception is influenced by the perceiver's attitudes. We used two online experiments in which participants saw the same human target persons repeatedly appearing with and without a specific piece of clothing and had to judge the target persons' character. In Experiment 1 ( |
36408398 | Sleep apnea and autonomic dysfunction in patients with dementia. | Sleep apnea mon sleep disorder that is associated with an is an increase in risk of many health conditions, including systemic hypertension, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. The predominant underlying pathophysiological mechanism for elevated risk of these conditions in patients with sleep apnea is thought to involve autonomic dysfunction in the form of sympathetic overactivity. Autonomic dysfunction is also associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and sleep apnea, in turn, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of development of mild cognitive impairment and various types of dementia. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, which is also associated with an increased risk of alpha synucleiopathy-related dementia, is also linked with autonomic dysfunction. In this article we explore the relationship between sleep apnea, autonomic dysfunction, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and dementia. This article describes the various autonomic dysfunction that are thought to occur in the context of sleep apnea. And illustrate the mechanisms by which sleep apnea, through its impact on autonomic dysfunction could potentially result in dementia. We also review the evidence examining the impact of treatment of sleep apnea on autonomic dysfunction and cognitive es. |
36408399 | Predicting the tissue outcome of acute ischemic stroke from acute 4D computed tomography perfusion imaging using temporal features and deep learning. | Predicting follow-up lesions from baseline CT perfusion (CTP) datasets in acute ischemic stroke patients is important for clinical decision making. Deep convolutional networks (DCNs) are assumed to be the current state-of-the-art for this task. However, many DCN classifiers have not been validated against the methods currently used in research (random decision forests, RDF) and clinical routine (Tmax thresholding). Specialized DCNs have even been designed to plex temporal features directly from spatiotemporal CTP data instead of using standard perfusion parameter maps. However, the benefits of applying deep learning to source or deconvolved CTP pared to perfusion parameter maps have not been formally investigated so far. In this work, a modular UNet-based DCN is proposed that separates temporal feature extraction from tissue e prediction, allowing for both model validation using perfusion parameter maps as well as end-to-end learning from spatiotemporal CTP data. 145 retrospective prising baseline CTP imaging, perfusion parameter maps, and follow-up non-contrast CT with manual lesion segmentations were assembled from acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis alone (IV; |
36408400 | Calcium imaging: A versatile tool to examine Huntington's disease mechanisms and progression. | Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that causes chorea, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. It is characterized by accumulation of mutant Htt protein, which primarily impacts striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), as well as cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs), causing synapse loss and eventually cell death. Perturbed Ca |
36408402 | Slow, deep breathing intervention improved symptoms and altered rectal sensitivity in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. | Limited treatment options have been shown to alter the natural course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Slow, deep breathing (SDB) is mon pain self-management intervention. This pilot study aimed to explore the impact of SDB on measures of autonomic and anorectal functions as well as patient-reported symptoms in constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). |
36408401 | Signaling underlying kappa opioid receptor-mediated behaviors in rodents. | Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists are potentially useful as analgesic and anti-pruritic agents, for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders, and for treatment of demyelinating diseases. However, side effects of KOR agonists, including psychotomimesis, dysphoria, and sedation, have caused early termination of clinical trials. Understanding the signaling mechanisms underlying the beneficial therapeutic effects and the adverse side effects may help in the development of KOR pounds. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in this regard in five sections. First, studies conducted on mutant mouse lines (GRK3-/-, p38alpha MAPK-/-, β-arrestin2-/-, phosphorylation-deficient KOR) are summarized. In addition, the abilities of four distinct KOR agonists, which have analgesic and anti-pruritic effects with different side effect profiles, to cause KOR phosphorylation are discussed. Second, investigations on the KOR agonist nalfurafine, both |
36408404 | Online hard example mining vs. fixed oversampling strategy for segmentation of new multiple sclerosis lesions from longitudinal FLAIR MRI. | Detecting new lesions is a key aspect of the radiological follow-up of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), leading to eventual changes in their therapeutics. This paper presents our contribution to the MSSEG-2 MICCAI 2021 challenge. The challenge is focused on the segmentation of new MS lesions using two consecutive Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In other words, considering longitudinal posed of two time points as input, the aim is to segment the lesional areas, which are present only in the follow-up scan and not in the baseline. The backbone of our segmentation method is a 3D UNet applied patch-wise to the images, and in which, to take into account both time points, we simply concatenate the baseline and follow-up images along the channel axis before passing them to the 3D UNet. Our key methodological contribution is the use of online hard example mining to address the challenge of class imbalance. Indeed, there are very few voxels belonging to new lesions which makes training deep-learning models difficult. Instead of using handcrafted priors like brain masks or multi-stage methods, we experiment with a novel modification to online hard example mining (OHEM), where we use an exponential moving average (i.e., its weights are updated with momentum) of the 3D UNet to mine hard examples. Using a moving average instead of the raw model should allow smoothing of its predictions and allow it to give more consistent feedback for OHEM. |
36408403 | Combined brain network topological metrics with machine learning algorithms to identify essential tremor. | Essential tremor (ET) is mon movement syndrome, and the pathogenesis mechanisms, especially the brain network topological changes in ET are still unclear. bination of graph theory (GT) analysis with machine learning (ML) algorithms provides a promising way to identify ET from healthy controls (HCs) at the individual level, and further help to reveal the topological pathogenesis in ET. |
36408405 | Principal component analysis of photoplethysmography signals for improved gesture recognition. | In recent years, researchers have begun to introduce photoplethysmography (PPG) signal into the field of gesture recognition to achieve puter interaction on wearable device. Unlike the signals used for traditional neural interface such as electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalograph (EEG), PPG signals are readily available in mercial wearable devices, which makes it possible to realize practical gesture-based puter interaction applications. In the process of gesture execution, the signal collected by PPG sensor usually contains a lot of noise irrelevant to gesture pattern and not conducive to gesture recognition. Toward improving gesture recognition performance based on PPG signals, the main contribution of this study is that it explores the feasibility of using ponent analysis (PCA) position algorithm to separate gesture pattern-related signals from noise, and then proposes a PPG signal processing scheme based on normalization and reconstruction of ponents. For 14 wrist and finger-related gestures, PPG data of three wavelengths of light (green, red, and infrared) are collected from 14 subjects in four motion states (sitting, walking, jogging, and running). The gesture recognition is carried out with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier. The experimental results verify that PCA position can effectively separate gesture-pattern-related signals from irrelevant noise, and the proposed PCA-based PPG processing scheme can improve the average accuracies of gesture recognition by 2.35∼9.19%. In particular, the improvement is found to be more evident for finger-related (improved by 6.25∼12.13%) than wrist-related gestures (improved by 1.93∼5.25%). This study provides a novel idea for implementing high-precision PPG gesture recognition technology. |
36408394 | Manipulation of the diet-microbiota-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease. | Several studies investigating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease have identified various interdependent constituents contributing to the exacerbation of the disease, including Aβ plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, glial inflammation, and the eventual loss of proper neural plasticity. Recently, using various models and human patients, another key factor has been established as an influential determinant in brain homeostasis: the gut-brain axis. The implications of a rapidly aging population and the absence of a definitive cure for Alzheimer's disease have prompted a search for non-pharmaceutical tools, of which gut-modulatory therapies targeting the gut-brain axis have shown promise. Yet multiple recent studies examining changes in human gut flora in response to various probiotics and environmental factors are limited and difficult to generalize; whether the state of the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is a cause of the disease, a result of the disease, or both through numerous feedback loops in the gut-brain axis, remains unclear. However, preliminary findings of longitudinal studies conducted over the past decades have highlighted dietary interventions, especially Mediterranean diets, as preventative measures for Alzheimer's disease by reversing neuroinflammation, modifying the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and addressing gut dysbiosis. Conversely, the consumption of Western diets intensifies the progression of Alzheimer's disease through genetic alterations, impaired barrier function, and chronic inflammation. This review aims to support the growing body of experimental and clinical data highlighting specific probiotic strains and particular ponents in preventing Alzheimer's disease |
36408408 | Similarities between Ashi acupoints and myofascial trigger points: Exploring the relationship between body surface treatment points. | Although acupuncture points and myofascial trigger points (TPs) are based in different medical fields, the two points share important attributes. We explored the relationship between acupuncture points and TPs based on their characteristics and the results of previous studies. We outlined the relationship between acupuncture points and TPs by examining their similarities and differences. Among the acupuncture point subgroups, TPs mostly corresponded to Ashi points. Based on mon features of TPs and Ashi points, we suggest that TPs are more closely related to Ashi points than to other acupoints. However, TPs also share some features, such as pain indication and location, with classical acupuncture points (CA) and extra acupuncture points (EA), which makes it difficult to elucidate their relationship with other subgroups. Therefore, we suggest to understand the relationship of CAs, EAs, Ashi points, and TPs. In this report, we concluded that concerning muscular pain symptoms Ashi points and TPs are indistinguishable. |
36408409 | Optimized method for segmentation of ancient mural images based on superpixel algorithm. | High-precision segmentation of ancient mural images is the foundation of their digital virtual restoration. However, plexity of the color appearance of ancient murals makes it difficult to achieve high-precision segmentation when using traditional algorithms directly. To address the current challenges in ancient mural image segmentation, an optimized method based on a superpixel algorithm is proposed in this study. First, the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm is applied to the input mural images to obtain superpixels. Then, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is used to cluster the superpixels to obtain the initial clustered images. Subsequently, a series of optimized strategies, including (1) merging the small noise superpixels, (2) segmenting and merging the large noise superpixels, (3) merging initial clusters based on color similarity and positional adjacency to obtain the merged regions, and (4) segmenting and merging the color-mixing noisy superpixels in each of the merged regions, are applied to the initial cluster images sequentially. Finally, the optimized segmentation results are obtained. The proposed method is tested pared with existing methods based on simulated and real mural images. The results show that the proposed method is effective and outperforms the existing methods. |
36408407 | Brain signatures of error awareness during cognitive tasks for humans in the flight environment. | At present, many scientific experiments are carried out in extreme conditions. Pilots need to perform high-intensity tasks for a long time. Human error is an essential factor affecting mission execution. To deeply study the physiological characteristics of different erroneous states of consciousness, we used an improved double-choice Oddball paradigm to collect brain electrophysiological signals of volunteers and pilots in missions and analyze event-related potential (ERP), time-frequency, and brain function spectrum, extracting EEG indicators sensitive to error awareness. The results showed that, in the 300∼500 ms time window, the error awareness type was correlated with Pe amplitude. Meanwhile, the time-frequency and brain functional spectrum analysis showed that the amplitude of the aware errors α-ERS oscillation, the functional spectral density of the α-band, and the uncertain errors were more prominent than unaware errors. The error awareness of the pilots showed the same EEG sensitivity characteristics in flight as in the ground volunteer experiment, and the characteristic sensitivity value was higher than that of the ground participants. We analyzed the EEG indicators sensitive to error awareness and determined the differences in EEG characteristics when pilots have error awareness on the ground and in flight. This study provides theoretical guidance for the follow-up research on the intervention measures against error awareness and determines the target point positioning. |
36408410 | Decoding continuous variables from event-related potential (ERP) data with linear support vector regression using the Decision Decoding Toolbox (DDTBOX). | Multivariate classification analysis for event-related potential (ERP) data is a powerful tool for predicting cognitive variables. However, classification is often restricted to categorical variables and under-utilises continuous data, such as response times, response force, or subjective ratings. An alternative approach is support vector regression (SVR), which uses single-trial data to predict continuous variables of interest. In this tutorial-style paper, we demonstrate how SVR is implemented in the Decision Decoding Toolbox (DDTBOX). To illustrate in more detail how results depend on specific toolbox settings and data features, we report results from two simulation studies resembling real EEG data, and one real ERP-data set, in which we predicted continuous variables across a range of analysis parameters. Across all studies, we demonstrate that SVR is effective for analysis windows ranging from 2 to 100 ms, and relatively unaffected by temporal averaging. Prediction is still successful when only a small number of channels encode true information, and the analysis is robust to temporal jittering of the relevant information in the signal. Our results show that SVR as implemented in DDTBOX can reliably predict continuous, more nuanced variables, which may not be well-captured by classification analysis. In sum, we demonstrate that linear SVR is a powerful tool for the investigation of single-trial EEG data in relation to continuous variables, and we provide practical guidance for users. |
36408411 | The relationship between electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures of neural activity varies across picture naming tasks: A multimodal magnetoencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging study. | Different neuroimaging methods can yield different views of task-dependent neural engagement. Studies examining the relationship between electromagnetic and hemodynamic measures have revealed correlated patterns across brain regions but the role of the applied stimulation or experimental tasks in these correlation patterns is still poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the across-tasks variability of MEG-fMRI relationship using data recorded during three distinct naming tasks (naming objects and actions from action images, and objects from object images), from the same set of participants. Our results demonstrate that the MEG-fMRI correlation pattern varies according to the performed task, and that this variability shows distinct spectral profiles across brain regions. Notably, analysis of the MEG data alone did not reveal modulations across the examined tasks in the time-frequency windows emerging from the MEG-fMRI correlation analysis. Our results suggest that the electromagnetic-hemodynamic correlation could serve as a more sensitive proxy for task-dependent neural engagement in cognitive tasks than isolated within-modality measures. |
36408412 | Analysis of postoperative effects of different semicircular canal surgical technique in patients with labyrinthine fistulas. | Different semicircular canal surgery techniques have been used to treat patients with labyrinthine fistulas caused by middle ear cholesteatoma. This study evaluated postoperative hearing and vestibular function after various semicircular canal surgeries. |
36408413 | High-precision neural stimulation by a highly efficient candle soot fiber optoacoustic emitter. | Highly precise neuromodulation with a high efficacy poses great importance in neuroscience. Here we developed a candle soot fiber optoacoustic emitter (CSFOE), capable of generating a high pressure of over 10 MPa with a central frequency of 12.8 MHz, enabling highly efficient neuromodulation |
36408414 | Researches on cognitive sequelae of burn injury: Current status and advances. | Burn injury is a devastating disease with high incidence of disability and mortality. The cognitive dysfunctions, such as memory defect, are the main neurological sequelae influencing the life quality of burn-injured patients. The post-burn cognitive dysfunctions are related to the primary peripheral factors and the secondary cerebral inflammation, resulting in the destruction of blood-brain barrier (BBB), as is shown on Computed Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. As part of the neurovascular unit, BBB is vital to the nutrition and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and undergoes myriad alterations after burn injury, causing post-burn cognitive defects. The diagnosis and treatment of cognitive dysfunctions as burn injury sequelae are of great importance. In this review, we address the major manifestations and interventions of post-burn cognitive defects, as well as the mechanisms involved in memory defect, including neuroinflammation, destruction of BBB, and hormone imbalance. |
36408415 | Neurons and glial cells acquire a senescent signature after repeated mild traumatic brain injury in a sex-dependent manner. | Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an important public health issue, as it can lead to long-term neurological symptoms and risk of neurodegenerative disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms driving this remain unclear, and currently there are no effective therapies for mTBI. In this study on repeated mTBI (rmTBI), we have induced three mild closed-skull injuries or sham procedures, separated by 24 h, in C57BL/6 mice. We show that rmTBI mice have prolonged righting reflexes and astrogliosis, with neurological impairment in the Morris water maze (MWM) and the light dark test. Cortical and hippocampal tissue analysis revealed DNA damage in the form of double-strand breaks, oxidative damage, and R-loops, markers of cellular senescence including p16 and p21, and signaling mediated by the cGAS-STING pathway. This study identified novel sex differences after rmTBI in mice. Although these markers were all increased by rmTBI in both sexes, females had higher levels of DNA damage, lower levels of the senescence protein p16, and lower levels of cGAS-STING signaling pared to their male counterparts. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the male rmTBI mouse brain revealed activation of the DNA damage response, evidence of cellular senescence, and pro-inflammatory markers reminiscent of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in neurons and glial cells. Cell-type specific changes were also present with evidence of brain immune activation, neurotransmission alterations in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and vascular dysfunction. Treatment of injured mice with the senolytic drug ABT263 significantly reduced markers of senescence only in males, but was not therapeutic in females. The reduction of senescence by ABT263 in male mice was panied by significantly improved performance in the MWM. This study pelling evidence that senescence contributes to brain dysfunction after rmTBI, but may do so in a sex-dependent manner. |
36408416 | Microarray profiling of hypothalamic gene expression changes in Huntington's disease mouse models. | Structural changes and neuropathology in the hypothalamus have been suggested to contribute to the non-motor manifestations of Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. In this study, we investigated whether hypothalamic HTT expression causes transcriptional changes. Hypothalamic RNA was isolated from two different HD mouse models and their littermate controls; BACHD mice with ubiquitous expression of full-length mutant HTT (mHTT) and wild-type mice with targeted hypothalamic overexpression of either wild-type HTT (wtHTT) or mHTT fragments. The mHTT and wtHTT groups showed the highest number of differentially expressed pared to the BACHD mouse model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with leading-edge analysis showed that suppressed sterol- and cholesterol metabolism were shared between hypothalamic wtHTT and mHTT overexpression. Most distinctive for mHTT overexpression was the suppression of neuroendocrine networks, in which qRT-PCR validation confirmed significant downregulation of neuropeptides with roles in feeding behavior; hypocretin neuropeptide precursor ( |
36408417 | Effect of empagliflozin on cytoskeletal repair in the hippocampus of obese mice. | We aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on hippocampal phosphorylated protein levels in obese mice. |
36408418 | Fmrp regulates neuronal balance in embryonic motor circuit formation. | Motor behavior requires the balanced production and integration of a variety of neural cell types. Motor neurons are positioned in discrete locations in the spinal cord, targeting specific muscles to drive otive contractions. Specialized spinal interneurons modulate and synchronize motor neuron activity to achieve coordinated motor output. Changes in the ratios and connectivity of spinal interneurons could drastically alter motor output by tipping the balance of inhibition and excitation onto target motor neurons. Importantly, individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and associated autism spectrum disorders often have significant motor challenges, including repetitive behaviors and epilepsy. FXS stems from the transcriptional silencing of the gene Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1), which encodes an RNA binding protein that is implicated in a multitude of crucial neurodevelopmental processes, including cell specification. Our work shows that Fmrp regulates the formation of specific interneurons and motor neurons prise early embryonic motor circuits. We find that zebrafish |
36408419 | Effects of auditory feedback on fine motor output and corticomuscular coherence during a unilateral finger pinch task. | Auditory feedback is important to reduce movement error and improve motor performance during a precise motor task. Accurate motion guided by auditory feedback may rely on the neural muscle transmission pathway between the sensorimotor area and the effective muscle. However, it remains unclear how neural activities and sensorimotor loops play a role in enhancing performance. The present study uses an auditory feedback system by simultaneously recording electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and exert force information to measure uscular coherence (CMC), neural activity, and motor performance during precise unilateral right-hand pinch by using the thumb and the index finger with and without auditory feedback. This study confirms three results. pared with no auditory feedback, auditory feedback decreases movement errors. pared with no auditory feedback, auditory feedback decreased the power spectrum in the beta band in the bimanual sensorimotor cortex and the alpha band in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. Finally, CMC puted between effector muscle of right hand and contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Analyses reveals that the CMC of beta band significantly decreases in auditory feedback pared with no auditory feedback condition. The results indicate that auditory feedback decreases the power spectral in the alpha and beta bands and decreases corticospinal connection in the beta band during precise hand control. This study provides a new perspective on the effect of auditory feedback on behavior and brain activity and offers a new idea for designing more suitable and effective rehabilitation and training strategies to improve fine motor performance. |
36408421 | Design, Synthesis, SAR, Pharmacokinetic Prediction of New 4-Quinolones as Anti-Microbial Agents. | s of new 4-quinolone derivatives was synthesized by conventional heating method. For the pounds, we performed pharmacokinetic prediction, SAR and antimicrobial assay. The presence of halogen elements plays a key role in the biological activity that is clear by in vitro analysis. pounds exhibit moderate to significant activity near to standard marketed drugs like amoxycillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, griseofulvin, and nystatin. |
36408420 | Association between circadian rhythm and sleep quality among nursing interns: A latent profile and moderation analysis. | Disturbances in circadian rhythms mon among night-shift workers and result in poor sleep quality. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of circadian rhythms and their relationship with sleep quality is less explored in nursing interns. Therefore, we aimed to identify the latent subtypes of circadian rhythm, explore their relationship with sleep quality, and evaluate their moderating role between perceived stress and sleep quality in nursing interns. |
36408422 | Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of New Thiazole and Thiadiazole Derivatives Bearing Acetanilide Moiety. | New thiazole and thiadiazole derivatives bound to the acetanilide moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. The precursor |
36408423 | Macroeconomic and distributive effects of increasing taxes in Spain. | I assess the macroeconomic and redistributive effects of tax reforms aimed at increasing tax revenue in Spain. To this end, I develop a theory of entrepreneurship that mimics key facts on the wealth and e distribution in Spain. I find two reforms that raise fiscal pressure in Spain to the average value among countries in the Euro area. The first reform involves doubling the average effective tax rate on labor and business e for all individuals whose e is above a threshold level. I find that this reform reduces the inequality in after-tax e, wealth, and consumption. However, it implies a substantial GDP reduction. The second reform increases the flat tax rate on consumption by fifteen percentage points. While this reform does not reduce long-run output, it does not decrease household inequality. All in all, the desirability of the two reforms depends on the government's preferences for reducing inequality at the expense of aggregate output losses. |
36408424 | Principles for Managing Burnout among Catholic Church Professionals. | While a large body of research literature has explored the assessment, treatment, and prevention of worker burnout, much less research has focused on the unique issues associated with burnout in religious organizations, especially within the Roman Catholic Church. Catholic Church employees, whether clerics or laypersons, are embedded within a 2,000-year-old global hierarchical structure and organization that is unique in that it includes clerics with vows of chastity, obedience, and often poverty as well as ongoing crises related to clerical sexual abuse scandals, significant financial stressors, and a faith tradition that often overvalues sacrifice and suffering. The purpose of this brief article is to highlight burnout issues among Roman Catholic Church employees and offer principles and strategies for recognizing, treating, and avoiding burnout among these professionals. Five key principles for burnout management as well as several case examples are also presented. |
36408425 | How Covid-19 Affected the Work Prospects and Healthcare-Seeking of Women Domestic Workers in Kolkata City, India? A Longitudinal Study. | Self-negligence, societal neglect, and lack of access to adequate health care make domestic workers vulnerable to ill-health. COVID-19 has adversely affected the work prospects of people across social classes and their health care-seeking opportunities as well. We studied the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on work prospects and health care-seeking behavior of a vulnerable section of the society - the women domestic workers. |
36408426 | Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Chromium Mine Workers in India. | Several diseases are related to occupation. The workers in chromium mines may be exposed to hazardous environments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the oral health condition and treatment needs of chromium mine workers. |
36408428 | Geographical Information System-Aided Noise Pollution Mapping of Urban Puducherry, South India. | Noise pollution and its influence on environmental and quality of human life are a major concern and hot topic of scientific research in the twenty-first century. |
36408429 | Ross Syndrome Presenting as Heat Exhaustion: A Report of Two Cases. | Ross syndrome is a rare clinical disorder of sweating associated with tonic pupil and areflexia. There are very few case reports of Ross syndrome in dermatology literature, most presenting with patchy hyperhidrosis. Here, we report two isolated cases who had presented to the emergency department with heat exhaustion. Multidisciplinary evaluations of the first case revealed focal anhidrosis, patchy hyperhidrosis, postural hypotension, absent deep tendon reflex, and tonic pupil while the second case had similar features except for postural hypotension, prompting the diagnosis of Ross syndrome. Presentation of these two patients highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion of dysautonomic disorder, interdisciplinary workup of a case of patchy anhidrosis, or hyperhidrosis, which may get missed in busy outpatient department (OPD) visit. |
36408427 | Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Bus Conductors of Udupi District, Karnataka. | Government bus conductors are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to the work environment and work conditions. Thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal problems among bus conductors. |
36408433 | Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Quality of Life Among Staff Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangalore. | Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is a collective and descriptive term used for the symptoms caused or aggravated by work. Significant WMSDs can affect the productivity and Quality of Life (QOL) of nurses. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of WMSDs, identify their risk factors, and find the association, if any. This study also assessed the quality of life of nurses and its association with WMSDs. |
36408432 | Prevalence of Physical and Psychological Impacts of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment on Health Care Workers During COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among the frontline health care workers (HCWs). Even though PPE helps in preventing infection, it poses significant physical and psychological impacts at varying levels. Correspondingly, multiple independent studies have brought out the PPE-associated problems. However, there exists a lacuna prehensive information of global prevalence related to the same. |
36408438 | Strengthening monkeypox diagnostics and healthcare amidst Covid-19 realities: A call to action. | Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic DNA virus related to the virus that causes smallpox. It was first isolated and identified in 1958 but its first confirmed human case was in 1970 when the virus was isolated from a child in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, several cases have been reported within the African continent and globally. Despite its spread, Monkey pox disease has continued to suffer neglect in terms of research and funding due to its reported inefficiency in transmitting from Man to man as its transmission was reportedly limited to its endemic regions in Africa. Poor health data management, inadequate capacities in terms of testing infrastructure and health care workers and weak surveillance systems are some of the challenges faced by African countries. Multisectoral collaboration in breaking the transmission cycle of monkeypox infection and other preventive measures must be improved upon. Community advocacies and education play integral roles in infection spread preparedness, as well as in strengthening the healthcare system. |
36408434 | Job Satisfaction among Resident Doctors of a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Delhi. | Doctors' job satisfaction is crucial to the health service to mitment, effective training, service provision, and retention. Job satisfaction matters to doctors for their happiness, fulfilment, service to patients, and duty to employers. The quality of performance in the health sector to a large extent depends on whether healthcare providers are job-satisfied or dissatisfied. |
36408435 | Chronic Low-dose Exposure to Highly Toxic Gas Phosgene and Its Effect on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. | Phosgene is a highly toxic gas causing irritation of the airways and eyes though at high dose exposure. The effect on airways can be assessed by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) which is a cheaper, simple, and easy to perform test under field conditions and routine monitoring. Thus, this study is undertaken to understand the effect of chronic low-dose phosgene exposure on PEFR and the associated factors. |
36408440 | COVID-19, normative attitudes and pluralistic ignorance in employer-employee relationships. | Employment relationships are embedded in a network of social norms that provide an implicit framework for desired behaviour, especially if contractual solutions are weak. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about major changes that have led to situations, such as the scope of short-time work or home-based work in a firm. Against this backdrop, our study addresses three questions: first, are there social norms dealing with these changes; second, are there differences in attitudes between employees and supervisors (misalignment); and third, are there differences between respondents' average attitudes and the attitudes expected to exist in the population (pluralistic ignorance). We find that for the assignment of short-time work and of work at home, there are shared normative attitudes with only small differences between supervisors and nonsupervisors. Moreover, there is evidence for pluralistic ignorance; asked for the perceived opinion of others, respondents over- or underestimated the consensus in the (survey) population. Such pluralistic ignorance can contribute to the upholding of a norm even if individuals do not support the norm, with potentially far-reaching consequences for the quality of the employment relationship and the functioning of the organization. Our results show that, especially in times of change, social norms should be considered for the analysis of labour markets. |
36408441 | Establishment survey participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. | Establishment surveys around the globe have measured the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on establishments' conditions and business practices. At the same time, the consequences of the pandemic, such as closures, hygiene standards, or remote work arrangements, may have also altered patterns of survey participation and introduced nonresponse bias, threatening the quality of establishment survey data. To investigate these issues, this article examines fieldwork es, nonresponse bias, and predictors of survey participation in the IAB-Job Vacancy Survey. parisons with previous survey years show, it became more difficult to successfully interview establishments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using linked administrative data, we show that nonresponse bias was higher in pared to previous years, even after applying the standard weighting adjustment. However, general patterns of survey participation in 2020 were similar to previous years and COVID-19 related measures were not strong predictors of survey participation in 2020. Further, we provide evidence that nonresponse bias during the pandemic can be reduced by incorporating additional administrative variables into the weighting procedure relative to the standard weighting variables. We conclude this article with a discussion of the findings and implications for survey practitioners. |
36408431 | Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in a Video Editor: A Case Report. | The diagnosis of occupational noise-induced hearing loss is rarely made in a video editor, although there is a high prevalence of hearing loss. A 37-year-old woman experienced gradual hearing loss associated with tinnitus for the past 3 years. Audiometry showed mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear and mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. There is a dip at 2 kHz, which is more pronounced in the right ear with recovery at 8 kHz. The portable listening devices risk causing hearing loss from high-output noise damaging the cochlear structures. The amplitudes on otoacoustic emission levels are decreased by using these devices, especially among long-time users. Incessant tinnitus may cause adverse effects on the quality of life. Sound therapy devices such as digital signal processing devices through hearing aids may assist this group of patients by distracting their attention from tinnitus. |
36408442 | Business-community relations under COVID-19: A study of micro and small firms. | In considering the premises of social capital and stakeholder theory, this study examines the extent to which munity relationships were affected during the COVID-19 crisis, and the significance of firms for munity during this unprecedented event. Responses from 107 Italian micro and small firms were gathered through an online questionnaire. The findings first reveal a strengthening of relations, particularly between firms and other businesses in munity; however, ments also recognise no changes or even weakening relations. Second, three dimensions highlighting the significance of firms' survival during the crisis emerged: munity context, underlining firms' socioeconomic and symbolic contributions, the immediate stakeholders, emphasising contributions towards employment and support of local businesses, and the munity-society context, underscoring firms' contribution towards consumer and societal needs. The study proposes a conceptual framework illustrating various relationships between the findings and the considered conceptual underpinnings and suggests various implications. |
36408443 | Global supply chains risks and COVID-19: Supply chain structure as a mitigating strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises. | After the COVID-19 pandemic, more research is needed to understand how the impacts of global events differ among alternative network structures in the presence of supply chain risks, and how relevant these potential risk mitigation strategies are for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs). Thus, our main motivation is to show how SMEs can configure their supply chains, and cost-effectively mitigate the risk created by major disruptions. bined a case study with a simulation model. The results suggest the greater usefulness of certain network configuration strategies (e.g., collaboration, pared to others during catastrophic events. Our results indicate that SMEs can avoid suffering more harm than petitors by adopting strategies consisting of an adequate mix of proactive and reactive elements, and that an effective proactive strategy involves building flexibility by increasing the number of geographically spread supply chain partners, allowing for deeper discounts to preserve demand without hurting profits. |
36408444 | Understanding the Experiences of Mothers with Academic Socialization in South Korea: A Phenomenological Approach. | We explored academic socialization experiences of nine mothers in South Korea. Academic socialization has been defined as parents' practices that transfer their educational expectations, values, and aspirations to their children (Hill, 2001). Adopting Giorgi's phenomenological research method (1997), we interviewed nine mothers who had recently prepared their children to get into college. The interviews were focused on the ways in which they intervened in the academic process when their children were in high school. The data analysis proceeded along the four steps suggested by Giorgi (1997). The analysis resulted in the 12 constituents, which are the themes underlying the essential structure of the academic socialization experiences. The findings showed that during the academic socialization process, all participating mothers set high academic standards for their children. The mothers actively engaged in supporting their children through shadow education (i.e., supplementary private education) to strengthen their petitiveness. Further, the mothers found peting with other mothers regarding the academic achievement of their children. The mothers rather than their children took initiatives for decision makings of academic matters. Some of their practices were noticed to promised the autonomy of their children. The mothers appeared to fulfill their needs that prove their self-worth by raising their children to petent. The significance and implications of these results were discussed. |
36408437 | Assessment of Occupational Noise Generation and Associated Noise-Induced Hearing Loss among Employees of a Black Tea Processing Factory in Darjeeling District, India. | Exposure to high levels of noise is a problem among tea factory workers worldwide, but it is poorly studied in India. |
36408445 | Who's Going to Keep Us Safe? Surviving Domestic Violence and Shared Parenting During Covid-19. | This paper discusses the experiences during COVID-19 of mothers who have young children, are survivors of domestic violence and who share parenting to highlight the further unsafe situations survivors of violence and their children were placed in during the pandemic. Part of a larger mixed methods study, these participants ( |
36408446 | Associations between Work-Family Balance, Parenting Stress, and Marital Conflicts during COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore. | As part of the "Circuit-breaker" social distancing measure to address COVID-19, the government of Singapore closed schools and workplaces from April to May 2020. Although this helped reduce transmission rates, for working parents, this period had been a challenging experience of working from home while providing care for children full-time. Problems in the work-home interface can have a significant impact on parenting and marital harmony. We analyzed data from 201 married and employed parents in Singapore using online surveys. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of parents' work-family balance (WFB) and spousal and employer support. Linear regression was used to examine links between profiles with parenting stress and marital conflicts. Results indicated three distinct profiles of WFB and social support levels: (a) Strong (43%), (b) Moderate (38%), and (c) Poor (19%). Mothers were more likely than fathers to be in the Moderate and Poor profiles. One key finding is that profiles characterized by poorer WFB were found to be linked with higher parenting stress and increased marital conflicts. There are important variations in parents' abilities to balance work and family and levels of social support received. Lock-downs can affect parenting and marital harmony especially for parents with poor WFB and weak social support. Any attention given to supporting working parents is vital and urgent to counter any problems in the work-family interface during a lockdown. |
36408447 | Psychological Stress and Parenting styles Predict Parental Involvement for Children with Intellectual Disabilities during the COVID-19. | We explored how psychological stress and parenting styles predicted parental involvement for children with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic by adminsitering the Psychological Stress Questionnaire, Parenting Style Index and Parental Involvement Scale to 995 parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Our results indicated that psychological stress significantly negatively predicted parental involvement. In addition, three dimension of parenting styles significantly positively predicted parental involvement, with the results of acceptance/involvement (β ranging from 0.19 to 0.55, |
36408448 | Application of Cement-Based Carbon Fiber Material in Construction of Building Durability. | In order to solve the problem of drying shrinkage of cement-based carbon fiber materials in the early stage of hardening, the author proposes the application of cement-based carbon fiber materials in the construction of building durability. The author uses a self-designed fast ring test method to test and study the drying shrinkage performance of cement-based carbon fiber materials in the early stage of hardening. The results showed that the addition of MP-I and MP-II fibers, which can significantly reduce shrinkage cracking in plastic concrete, has little effect on preventing the shrinkage and cracking of concrete in the early stage of hardening. Mixed with a certain amount of steel fiber, carbon fiber, MH-I, and MPH-I hardened anticrack fiber, all have a better effect on preventing early water loss and drying shrinkage of hardening. The MH-I and MPH-I hardening anticracking fibers have an economical and feasible dosage, and the early water loss shrinkage and crack reduction rates of concrete hardening are 71.2% and 79.0%, respectively. MH-I fibers have no anticracking effect in the plastic stage and are only suitable for shrinkage and crack prevention of concrete in the early stage of hardening, while MPH-I hardened anticrack fibers have a 100% crack-reducing effect in the plastic stage, it is an engineering fiber material that can simultaneously prevent the plasticity and early hardening of concrete from shrinkage and cracking. The application of MPH-I hardened anticrack fiber is of great significance to improve the quality of structural engineering. |
36408449 | The maturation of exploratory behavior in adolescent | Dispersal from the natal site or familial group is a core milestone of adolescent development in many species. A wild species of mouse, |
36408451 | Prophylactic action of ayahuasca in a non-human primate model of depressive-like behavior. | Observational studies of long-term users of ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychedelic brew, suggest an increase in resilience |
36408452 | Exploring decision-making strategies in the Iowa gambling task and rat gambling task. | Decision-making requires that individuals perceive the probabilities and risks associated with different options. Experimental human and animal laboratory testing plimentary insights on the psychobiological underpinnings of decision-making. The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is a widely used instrument that assesses decision-making under uncertainty and risk. In the task participants are faced with a choice conflict between cards with varying monetary reinforcer/loss contingencies. The rat gambling task (rGT) is a pre-clinical version using palatable reinforcers as wins and timeouts mimicking losses. However, interspecies studies elaborating on human and rat behavior in these tasks are lacking. This study explores decision-making strategies among young adults ( |
36408455 | Structural and energetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing pandemic that causes significant health/socioeconomic burden. Variants of concern (VOCs) have emerged affecting transmissibility, disease severity and re-infection risk. Studies suggest that the - |
36408456 | Organization and evolution of the UK far-right network on Telegram. | The instant messaging platform Telegram has e popular among the far-right movements in the US and UK in recent years. These groups use public Telegram channels and group chats to disseminate hate speech, disinformation, and conspiracy theories. Recent works revealed that the far-right Telegram network structure is decentralized and formed of munities divided mostly along ideological and national lines. Here, we investigated the UK far-right network on Telegram and are interested in understanding the different roles of different channels and their influence relations. We apply munity detection method, based on the clustering of a flow of random walkers, that allows us to uncover the organization of the Telegram network munities with different roles. We find three types munities: (1) munities contain mostly group chats ment on content from channels in the rest of the network; (2) munities contain broadcast channels tightly connected to each other and can be seen as forming echo chambers; (3) munities contain popular channels that are highly referenced by other channels. We find that the network posed of two main sub-networks: one containing mainly channels related to the English-speaking far-right movements and one with channels in Russian. We analyze the dynamics of the munities and the most shared external links in the different types munities over a period going from 2015 to 2020. We find that different types munities have different dynamics and share links to different types of websites. We finish by discussing several directions for further work. |
36408458 | Regional industrial growth and biopharma patent networks: empirical insights from the UK. | The COVID-19 pandemic has once again brought the significance of biopharmaceutical and medical technology sectors to the spotlight. Seeing that some of the most critical medical breakthroughs such as the speedy mRNA vaccine development were results of cross-border patenting collaboration, we have proposed in a previous work a new method to identify the cross-border collaborative regional centres in the patent networks, using a parison approach based on adjusted mutual information (AMI). In this paper, we focus on the UK industrial landscape. We use the UK bioscience and health technology sector statistics from 2015 to 2020 and look into the regional growth of each postcode area. pare the top growth regions with the cross-border collaborative centres identified using parison at the postcode area level, and find that both long-term and short-term AMI gains show an increase in the correlation with regional annual growth rates of firm numbers in the studied sectors from 2016 to 2020, and the increase is more consistent with the short-term AMI gain. We also found that areas more central in the long-term cross-regional R&D collaboration demonstrate a stronger association with more developed industrial settings indicated by more firms and, potentially more employment and turnover in the field. However, AMI gains are found to have negative correlations with the industrial growths as a sign of possible trade-offs of being central. |
36408457 | Author multidisciplinarity and disciplinary roles in field of study networks. | When studying large research corpora, "distant reading" methods are vital to understand the topics and trends in the corresponding research space. In particular, given the recognised benefits of multidisciplinary research, it may be important to map schools munities of diverse research topics, and to understand the multidisciplinary role that topics play within and between munities. This work proposes Field of Study (FoS) networks as a novel network representation for use in scientometric analysis. We describe the formation of FoS networks, which relate research topics according to the authors who publish in them, from corpora of articles in which fields of study can be identified. FoS networks are particularly useful for the distant reading of large datasets of research papers when analysed through the lens of exploring multidisciplinary science. In an evolving scientific landscape, munities in FoS networks offer an alternative categorisation strategy for research topics and sub-disciplines, pared to traditional prescribed discipline classification schemes. Furthermore, structural role analysis of FoS networks can highlight important characteristics of topics in munities. To support this, we present two case studies which explore multidisciplinary research in corpora of varying size and scope; namely, 6323 articles relating to network science research and 4,184,011 articles relating to research on the COVID-19-pandemic. |
36408459 | Reciprocal best structure hits: using AlphaFold models to discover distant homologues. | The conventional methods to detect homologous protein pairs use parison of protein sequences. But the sequences of two homologous proteins may diverge significantly and consequently may be undetectable by standard approaches. The release of the AlphaFold 2.0 software enables the prediction of highly accurate protein structures and opens many opportunities to advance our understanding of protein functions, including the detection of homologous protein structure pairs. |
36408461 | Conservation ethics in the time of the pandemic: Does increasing remote access advance social justice? | The COVID-19 pandemic is stimulating improvements in remote access and use of technology in conservation-related programs and research. In many cases, organizations have intended for remote engagement to benefit groups that have been marginalized in the sciences. But are they? It is important to consider how remote access affects social justice in conservation biology-i.e., the principle that |
36408463 | Overexpression of Pleckstrin Homology Domain-Containing Family A Member 4 Is Correlated with Poor Prognostic Outcomes and Immune Infiltration in Lower-Grade Glioma. | The global incidence of brain tumors, the mon of which is lower grade glioma (LGG), remains high. Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 4 (PLEKHA4) has been reported to be related to tumor invasion and growth. However, its role and correlation with immunity in LGG remain elusive. |
36408464 | Prognostic Value of Arterial Lactate Metabolic Clearance Rate in Moderate and Severe Acute Pancreatitis. | High lactate levels at hospital admission are significantly associated with poor prognosis in acute pancreatitis patients. Early high lactate clearance is a vital marker for predicting persistent organ failure and mortality in critical illness; however, its value in acute pancreatitis remains unclear. |
36408465 | Hypermixed Convolutional Neural Network for Retinal Vein Occlusion Classification. | Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the mon retinal vascular diseases leading to vision loss if not diagnosed and treated in time. RVO can be classified into two types: CRVO (blockage of the main retinal veins) and BRVO (blockage of one of the smaller branch veins). Automated diagnosis of RVO can improve clinical workflow and optimize treatment strategies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are few reported methods for automated identification of different RVO types. In this study, we propose a new hypermixed convolutional neural network (CNN) model, namely, the VGG-CAM network, that can classify the two types of RVOs based on retinal fundus images and detect lesion areas using an unsupervised learning method. The image data used in this study is collected and labeled by three senior ophthalmologists in Shanxi Eye Hospital, China. The proposed network is validated to accurately classify RVO diseases and detect lesions. It can potentially assist in further investigating the association between RVO and brain vascular diseases and evaluating the optimal treatments for RVO. |
36408462 | The slime hand illusion: Nonproprioceptive ownership distortion specific to the skin region. | The "slime hand illusion" is a simple and robust technique that uses mirror-visual feedback to produce a nonproprioceptive ownership distortion. The illusion can be easily evoked by the participant watching the experimenter pinching and pulling a chunk of slime in a mirror while the participant's hand, hidden behind the mirror, is similarly manipulated. This procedure produces a feeling of one of their fingers or the skin of their whole hand being stretched or deformed in a similar way to the visible slime. A public experiment found that more than 90% of participants reported a strong sense of skin or finger stretching. This report details a laboratory experiment performed to characterize the mechanisms behind the illusion more robustly. It reproduced this result and found that participants experienced a drift in their sense of skin location of approximately 30 cm on average, which is beyond the conventionally accepted range of proprioceptive drift. |
36408466 | Cross-Modal Interactions of the Tactile System. | The sensory systems responsible for perceptions of touch, vision, hearing, etc. have traditionally been regarded as mostly separate, only converging at late stages of processing. Contrary to this dogma, recent work has shown that interactions between the senses are robust and abundant. Touch and vision are monly used to obtain information about a number of object properties, and share perceptual and neural representations in many domains. Additionally, visuotactile interactions are implicated in the sense of body ownership, as revealed by powerful illusions that can be evoked by manipulating these interactions. Touch and hearing both rely in part on temporal frequency information, leading to a number of audiotactile interactions reflecting a good deal of perceptual and neural overlap. The focus in sensory neuroscience and psychophysics is now on characterizing the multisensory interactions that lead to our panoply of perceptual experiences. |
36408467 | Immune Senescence Markers Predict the Cellular Immune Response to BNT162b2 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients. | Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased risk of frailty and accelerated immune senescence, potentially affecting the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. |
36408468 | Deconstructing the Dogma: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Adjunctive Gentamicin and Rifampin in Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis. | Based primarily on in vitro and animal models, with little data directly addressing patient es, current guidelines mend treating staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) with binations including gentamicin and rifampin. Here, we synthesize the clinical data on adjunctive rifampin and gentamicin in staphylococcal PVE. |
36408470 | Successful Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Respiratory Failure Using High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in a Patient with Underlying Pulmonary Artery Hypertension. | A case involving a 50-year-old woman (height, 155 cm; weight, 79.6 kg), who was undergoing home oxygen therapy (3.5 L/min), with an oxygen saturation (SpO |
36408469 | Reducing Repeat Blood Cultures in Febrile Neutropenia: A Single-Center Experience. | Limited data exist to guide blood culture ordering in persistent febrile neutropenia (FN), resulting in substantial variation in practice. Unnecessary repeat blood cultures have been associated with patient harm including increased antimicrobial exposure, hospital length of stay, catheter removal, and overall cost. |
36408471 | [Violent death in association with the COVID-19 pandemic]. | Globally, there is talk of excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to examine whether this excess mortality is not only caused by fatal disease progression, but also by violent deaths associated with the pandemic. |
36408472 | Updates in Cancer Rehabilitation Telehealth. | To describe the various uses of telehealth as it applies to cancer rehabilitation and to review recent findings since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
36408473 | Spatiotemporal Evolution of West Africa's Urban Landscape Characteristics Applying Harmonized DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light (NTL) Data. | Investigating urban expansion patterns aids in the management of urbanization and in ameliorating the socioeconomic and environmental issues associated with economic transformation and sustainable development. Applying Harmonized Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Line-scan System (DMSP-OLS) and the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership-Visible Infrared Imagery Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) Nighttime Light (NTL) data, this paper investigated the characteristics of urban landscape in West Africa. Using the harmonized NTL data, parison and empirical threshold methods were employed to detect urban changes from 1993 to 2018. We examined the rate of urban change and calculated the direction of the urban expansion of West Africa using the center-of-gravity method for urban areas. In addition, we used the landscape expansion index method to assess the processes and stages of urban growth in West Africa. The accuracy of urban area extraction based on NTL data were |
36408475 | "It's cleaner, definitely": Collaborative Process in Audio Production. | Working from vague client instructions, how do audio producers collaborate to diagnose what specifically is wrong with a piece of music, where the problem is and what to do about it? This paper presents a design ethnography that uncovers some of the ways in which two music producers co-ordinate their understanding plex representations of pieces of music while working together in a studio. Our analysis shows that audio producers constantly make judgements based on audio and visual evidence while working plex digital tools, which can lead to ambiguity in assessments of issues. We show how multimodal conduct guides the process of work and plex media objects are integrated as elements of interaction by the music producers. The findings provide an understanding how people currently collaborate when producing audio, to support the design of better tools and systems for collaborative audio production in the future. |
36408474 | Relating a Spiking Neural Network Model and the Diffusion Model of Decision-Making. | Many models of decision making assume accumulation of evidence to threshold as a core mechanism to predict response probabilities and response times. A spiking neural network model (Wang, 2002) instantiates these mechanisms at the level of biophysically-plausible pools of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections, and has numerous model parameters tuned by physiological measures. The diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) is a cognitive model that can be fitted to a range of behaviors and conditions. We investigated how parameters of the cognitive-level diffusion model relate to the parameters of a neural-level spiking model. In each simulated "experiment", we generated "data" from the spiking neural network by bining a manipulation of choice difficulty (via the input to the spiking model) and a manipulation of one of the core parameters of the spiking model. We then fitted the diffusion model to these simulated data to observe how manipulation of each core spiking model parameter mapped on to fitted drift rate, response threshold, and non-decision time. Manipulations of parameters in the spiking model related to input sensitivity, threshold, and stimulus processing time mapped on to their conceptual analogues in the diffusion model, namely drift rate, threshold, and non-decision time. Manipulations of parameters in the spiking model with no direct analogue to the diffusion model, non-stimulus-specific background input, strength of recurrent excitation, and receptor conductances, mapped on to threshold in the diffusion model. We discuss implications of these results for interpretations of fits of the diffusion model to behavioral data. |
36408476 | Meeting (the) Pandemic: Videoconferencing Fatigue and Evolving Tensions of Sociality in Enterprise Video Meetings During COVID-19. | When COVID-19 led to mandatory working from home, significant blind spots in supporting the sociality of working life-in the moment and over time-were revealed in enterprise video meetings, and these were a key factor in reports about videoconferencing fatigue. Drawing on a large study ( |
36408478 | Back pain as an initial feature of advanced gastric cancer mimicking multiple myeloma: A case report and literature review. | Back pain is a rare initial presentation of gastric cancer. Isolated back pain with red flags in middle-aged patients might indicate multiple myeloma. However, it is rarely present in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma; hence, data are limited to case reports only. For a timely diagnosis of the underlying malignancy, endoscopy should be considered if the initial workup for this backache is unrevealing. |
36408479 | Urology Residents' Perspectives on the In-House On-Call Systems: A Study in an Accredited Academic Center. | Medical education and training are crucial in maintaining patients' safety and improving patient care quality. Multiple studies have evaluated the effects of restrictive policies on the resident's quality of life and education. Due to piling data and the fact that these trials evaluated programs with a substantial number of residents, it remains uncertain whether these conclusions can be extended to urology programs with a small number of residents. Multiple on-call systems have been adopted in residency programs across the world. This study evaluated the residents' quality of life, clinical experience, and education upon transitioning from 24-hour to 12-hour in-house on-call systems. |
36408480 | Protocol to implement a syndromic surveillance survey of COVID-19 in Malawi. | Malawi experienced two waves of COVID-19 between April 2020 and February 2021. A High negative impact of COVID-19 was experienced in the second wave, with increased hospital admissions that overwhelmed the healthcare system. This paper describes a protocol to implement a telephone-based syndromic surveillance system to assist public health leaders in the guidance, implementation, and evaluation of programs and policies for COVID-19 prevention and control in Malawi. |
36408481 | The child as a medium. Breakdown and possible resurgence of children's agency in the era of pandemic. | This paper deals with the unpredictable outbreak of the pandemic, explaining its impact on the education system, and with structural flexibility as a way to face unpredictability, based on the generalisability and coordination of manifestations of agency. The pandemic has enhanced a narrative of the child as a medium of learning, which undermines children's agency. The example of the research project CHILD-UP (Children Hybrid Integration: Learning Dialogue as a way of Upgrading policies of Participation) is used to show how children's agency and structural flexibility in classroom interactions can be supported and analysed. |
36408482 | No association of prion protein gene ( | The pandemic 2009 swine flu is a highly infectious respiratory disorder caused by H1N1 influenza A viruses. A recent study reported that knockout of the prion protein gene ( |