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The character of internal motions in galaxy triplets
The character of the galaxy motions in three observed samples of galaxy triplets is studied using data on the radial velocities and relative positions of the components in the plane of the sky. These three samples are very different with respect to the compactness of the triplets. We demonstrate an isotropic distribution of the velocities of the components for the 45 triplets from the list of Karachentseva et al. that are probably physically associated, as well as for the 50 triplets from the Catalogue of Southern Galaxy Groups. For the 40 triplets from the galaxy groups of Huchra & Geller, both isotropic systems and collapsing (or expanding) systems are possible. The isotropic distribution of velocities suggests virialized systems, possibly with large amounts of dark matter.
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11.287823
6.671151
1993-02-01
5
1993MNRAS.260..475K
[ "galaxy triplets", "virialized systems", "velocities", "Karachentseva et al", "systems", "Southern Galaxy Groups", "relative positions", "large amounts", "dark matter", "Karachentseva" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Interacting Galaxies", "Astronomical Models", "Dark Matter", "Radial Velocity", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/260.3.475" ]
[ "Kiseleva, Liudmila", "Orlov, Viktor" ]
[ "Inter-Univ. Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Poona, India; Russian State Pedagogical Univ., St. Petersburg, Russia", "Astronomical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia" ]
[ "1993VA.....36....1K", "1995ASPC...70..173M", "2000ASPC..209..388K", "2000MNRAS.319..851C", "2015MNRAS.447.1399D" ]
[ "1982ApJ...257..423H", "1986itpg.book.....G", "1989ApJS...69..809M", "1990IAUCo.124..609M", "1990IAUCo.124..659A" ]
1895381
null
X-ray archeology in the Coma cluster.
We present images of X-ray emission from hot gas within the Coma cluster of galaxies. These maps, made with the ROSAT satellite, have much higher signal-to-noise ratio than any previous X-ray image of a galaxy cluster, and allow cluster structure to be analysed in unprecedented detail. They show greater structural irregularity than might have been anticipated from earlier observations of Coma. Emission is detected from a number of bright cluster galaxies In addition to the two known previously. In four cases, there is evidence that these galaxies lie at the centre of an extended subconcentration within the cluster, possibly the remnant of their associated groups. For at least two galaxies, the images show direct evidence for ongoing disruption of their gaseous atmosphere. The luminosity associated with these galaxies is comparable to that detected around similar ellipticals in much poorer environments. Emission is easily detected to the limit of our field, about 10 from the cluster centre, and appears to become more regular at large radii. The data show clearly that this archetype of a rich and regular galaxy cluster was, in fact, formed by the merging of several distinct subunits which are not yet fully destroyed
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13.976664
4.824783
1993-03-01
196
1993MNRAS.261L...8W
[ "bright cluster galaxies", "cluster structure", "galaxies", "X-ray emission", "direct evidence", "a galaxy cluster", "several distinct subunits", "greater structural irregularity", "ongoing disruption", "any previous X-ray image" ]
[ "Galactic Clusters", "X Ray Astronomy", "X Ray Imagery", "Cooling Flows (Astrophysics)", "Dark Matter", "Intergalactic Media", "Universe", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.1.L8" ]
[ "White, Simon D. M.", "Briel, Ulrich G.", "Henry, J. P." ]
[ "Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ; Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Max-Planck-Inst. für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching bei München, Germany", "Hawaii Univ., Honolulu" ]
[ "1993ApJ...414L...5H", "1993BASI...21..293S", "1993Natur.363...16C", "1993Rech...24.1397B", "1994A&A...281..375F", "1994A&A...284..801A", "1994AJ....107.1637B", "1994AJ....108.1996S", "1994ASPC...54..325B", "1994Ap&SS.217..237M", "1994ApJ...422..480B", "1994ApJ...423...94B", "1994ApJ...423..539E", "1994ApJ...425...35H", "1994ApJ...427L..87B", "1994ApJ...433L..61G", "1994ApJ...436L..71M", "1994JApA...15..275B", "1994MNRAS.268...79W", "1994MNRAS.271..817C", "1995A&A...293..337E", "1995A&A...296..643K", "1995AJ....109..920B", "1995AJ....109.1490D", "1995AJ....110..502D", "1995AJ....110.1507B", "1995AN....316..319B", "1995Ap&SS.227..157V", "1995ApJ...438...49B", "1995ApJ...440...48D", "1995ApJ...443L...9H", "1995ApJ...445...80L", "1995ApJ...449L...5H", "1995ApJ...451..451W", "1995ApJ...451L...5W", "1995ApL&C..31..285C", "1995MNRAS.276.1109D", "1995MNRAS.277.1006E", "1995PASJ...47..399O", "1996A&A...305..407D", "1996A&A...305..435B", "1996A&A...311...95B", "1996A&A...314..763A", "1996ASPC...94..191V", "1996ASSL..207..205B", "1996ApJ...457..565B", "1996ApJ...458...27B", "1996ApJ...458..435C", "1996ApJ...459...12A", "1996ApJ...469..623S", "1996ApJ...469L..81S", "1996ApJ...472..125K", "1996ApJ...473..692D", "1996ApJ...473L..71H", "1996ApJS..103...63B", "1996Natur.379..401W", "1996Natur.379..519K", "1996PASJ...48L..37I", "1996astro.ph..2096V", "1997A&A...321...55D", "1997A&A...323..337A", "1997A&A...326...34L", "1997AJ....113..492C", "1997Ap&SS.254..233I", "1997ApJ...474..580G", "1997ApJ...474L...7V", "1997ApJ...475L..97L", "1997ApJ...485...22S", "1997ApJ...488..136G", "1997ApL&C..36...97D", "1997ApL&C..36..181B", "1997MNRAS.284..286D", "1997MNRAS.287..817V", "1997MNRAS.292..289E", "1997PASP..109.1364S", "1997PASP..109.1377S", "1998A&A...332..395E", "1998ApJ...492...57D", "1998ApJ...496...39Z", "1998ApJ...496..670R", "1998ApJ...498L...5Z", "1998ApJ...500..714V", "1998ApJ...502..505B", "1998ApJ...506..502B", "1998MNRAS.297L..34C", "1998Natur.396..549G", "1998PASA...15..273O", "1998PASJ...50..195T", "1998Sci...280..400B", "1998ucb..proc....1B", "1998ucb..proc..170B", "1998ucb..proc..187C", "1998wfsc.conf..359A", "1999A&A...342...34D", "1999A&A...343..420S", "1999AJ....117...75C", "1999AJ....117..140C", "1999ApJ...510L..15B", "1999ApJ...511...65J", "1999ApJ...512..527D", "1999ApJ...513..690D", "1999ApJ...522...39T", "1999ApJ...527...80W", "1999LNP...530....9B", "1999MNRAS.306..575D", "1999MNRAS.306..779D", "1999PhR...310...97B", "2000A&A...353..479A", "2000AJ....119..580B", "2000ASPC..209..373C", "2000ASPC..218..283B", "2000ApJ...532..206F", "2000ApJ...533..137H", "2000LNP...556..301K", "2000MNRAS.319..851C", "2000astro.ph..9465G", "2000cucg.confE...1B", "2001A&A...365L..60B", "2001A&A...365L..67A", "2001A&A...365L..74N", "2001A&A...366...26E", "2001A&A...369..441G", "2001A&A...374..824V", "2001AJ....121.2331C", "2001ASPC..234..417G", "2001ASPC..241..171B", "2001ApJ...555..558R", "2001ApJ...555L..87V", "2001ApJ...557L..31L", "2001ESASP.459..165G", "2001MNRAS.322..369D", "2002A&A...384..383I", "2002ASPC..268..203B", "2002ApJ...567..178E", "2002ApJ...567..772C", "2002ApJ...569..122G", "2002ApJS..138..265K", "2002MNRAS.329..385B", "2002MNRAS.329..675R", "2003A&A...397..421I", "2003A&A...400..811N", "2003A&A...406....1D", "2003AJ....126.2740L", "2003ApJ...585..722B", "2003AstL...29..783S", "2003astro.ph.10145H", "2004A&A...419...47F", "2004A&A...423...57V", "2004AJ....127..765L", "2004AJ....127.1344A", "2004ASSL..309...21B", "2004ASSL..309...45F", "2004ApJ...602..664G", "2004astro.ph..7278B", "2005ChJAA...5..126Y", "2005MNRAS.364..753D", "2006A&A...459..759K", "2006IAUS..234..337A", "2006PASP..118..517B", "2007A&A...468..815G", "2007ApJ...659..267K", "2007ApJ...666..846J", "2007IJMPD..16.1349D", "2008ApJ...684L...9T", "2008ApJS..176..424C", "2009AJ....137.4436M", "2009ApJ...693.1840B", "2009arXiv0907.4277B", "2010A&ARv..18..127B", "2010AJ....140.1814Y", "2010ApJS..190...43H", "2011AJ....141...99L", "2011ApJ...728...54Z", "2011PASJ...63S.991S", "2012AN....333..405L", "2013A&A...554A.140P", "2013ApJ...766..107A", "2013ApJ...775....4S", "2013ApJ...778L...2C", "2013Sci...341.1365S", "2014ApJ...784...90O", "2014ApJ...797...82L", "2014MNRAS.438.3049P", "2015ApJ...807...56B", "2015ApJ...807L...2K", "2015ApJ...810..138R", "2016ApJS..225...11Y", "2017MNRAS.469.3641I", "2018AJ....156..224J", "2019A&A...622A.183J", "2019A&G....60f6.19W", "2019SSRv..215....7W", "2020A&A...633A..42S", "2021A&A...650A..76H", "2022ApJ...940L..19L", "2023ApJ...944...51O" ]
[ "1979ApJ...234L..27F", "1981ApJ...243L.133F", "1982ApJ...255L..17G", "1982PASP...94..421G", "1983ApJ...265...26B", "1984AN....305..175B", "1985MNRAS.216.1043B", "1986RvMP...58....1S", "1987ApJ...317..653F", "1988A&A...199...67M", "1988AJ.....95..985D", "1988ApJ...327....1W", "1988Natur.333..335E", "1989PhRvL..63.2625T", "1990AJ.....99.1381V", "1990AN....311...89B", "1990ApJ...363..349E", "1991ApJ...382...79C", "1992A&A...259L..31B", "1993sara.conf.....D" ]
1877837
null
Optical Imaging and Long-Slit Spectroscopy of Markarian Galaxies with Multiple Nuclei. I. Basic Data
Optical CCD images and long-slit spectroscopic data are presented for over 100 Markarian (UV-excess) galaxies reported in early studies to possess multiple optical nuclei or extreme morphological peculiarities suggestive of galaxy collisions and mergers. Stacked broad-band (BVR) images are presented with histogram equalization in order to show simultaneously the nuclei and features at very low surface-brightness levels. Morphological properties, luminosities and colors of the integral systems are given. Photometric and image properties of over 200 individual nuclei and giant H II regions have been measured with respect to the local backgrounds in the galaxies using an objective image finding algorithm. Labeled contour plots identify the measured subcomponents. Two-dimensional spectral data are presented, in addition to intensity profiles along the slit in the light of Hα + [N II] emission lines and adjacent continuum. Nuclear emission-line measurements (4500-7500 A, ~10 A FWHM resolution), reddening estimates, monochromatic continuum magnitudes, and colors are given. Interpretation of these data with emphasis on the confirmed interacting and merging galaxies is presented in a subsequent paper.
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13.155873
7.508297
1993-03-01
168
1993ApJS...85...27M
[ "Optical CCD images", "multiple optical nuclei", "galaxy collisions", "giant H II regions", "extreme morphological peculiarities", "Morphological properties", "Labeled contour plots", "monochromatic continuum magnitudes", "intensity profiles", "continuum magnitudes" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "Galactic Nuclei", "Imaging Techniques", "Markarian Galaxies", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Galactic Structure", "H Ii Regions", "Histograms", "Imagery", "Interacting Galaxies", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: STARBURST" ]
0
[ "10.1086/191754" ]
[ "Mazzarella, Joseph M.", "Boroson, Todd A." ]
[ "JPL; California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena; Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor", "Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, AZ" ]
[ "1994AJ....107..920K", "1994ApJ...435..668M", "1994MNRAS.271..958B", "1995A&A...298..343C", "1995A&A...298..743H", "1995A&A...303..440C", "1995AJ....110.2665M", "1995Ap.....38..335P", "1995Ap.....38..356K", "1995ApJ...447L...1B", "1995ApJ...450L..51G", "1995ApJ...451L..45Y", "1995ApJ...454..106B", "1995ApJS...98..369B", "1995ApJS...99..461N", "1996A&A...307..365N", "1996A&A...315L.121A", "1996ASPC..103..175C", "1996Ap.....39..183K", "1996ApJ...462..183H", "1996ApJ...464..177A", "1996ApJ...466..122R", "1996ApJS..106..399P", "1996MNRAS.283..777S", "1996NewA....1..215L", "1996PASJ...48..389U", "1997A&A...318..390P", "1997A&A...319...52V", "1997A&A...321..397N", "1997A&A...324...41C", "1997AJ....114.1741H", "1997AN....318..243V", "1997ApJ...479..190I", "1997ApJ...490L..29K", "1997ApJS..113..311M", "1997MNRAS.286..183T", "1997MNRAS.288...78T", "1997RMxAA..33...31C", "1998A&A...330..841C", "1998A&A...337...85M", "1998A&AS..130..285C", "1998ApJ...503..231F", "1998ApJ...509..103S", "1998BASI...26..593J", "1999A&A...343..373T", "1999A&AS..135..437G", "1999A&AS..139..105C", "1999AJ....117.1708J", "1999AJ....117.2632B", "1999AJ....117.2789H", "1999AJ....118..162H", "1999AJ....118..549D", "1999Ap&SS.266..181H", "1999ApJ...511..730E", "1999ApJ...512L..99G", "1999ApJ...524..746X", "1999ApJ...525..702D", "1999MNRAS.305..829I", "1999MNRAS.307..553D", "1999RMxAA..35..187C", "2000A&A...355...99B", "2000A&A...356...89C", "2000A&A...357..101K", "2000A&A...362...42A", "2000A&ARv..10....1K", "2000A&AS..145..377G", "2000AJ....119...94A", "2000AJ....120..244B", "2000ASPC..197..323V", "2000ApJ...541..624S", "2000MNRAS.317...28Y", "2000MNRAS.317..447S", "2000PASJ...52..185I", "2001A&A...365..347M", "2001A&A...372..730V", "2001A&A...372L..29A", "2001AJ....121.1319H", "2001AJ....122..113M", "2001ASPC..240..143M", "2001ASPC..249..492E", "2001ASPC..249..626A", "2001ApJ...546..952A", "2001ApJ...551..651H", "2001ApJ...559..147S", "2001ApJS..133..321C", "2001ApJS..136..393C", "2001JApA...22..155C", "2001MNRAS.325.1081C", "2001astro.ph..8083A", "2002A&A...390...47S", "2002A&A...391..487P", "2002AJ....123.1922D", "2002AJ....123.2280P", "2002ApJ...569...44I", "2002ApJ...577..164C", "2002ApJ...580..824G", "2002AstL...28..579K", "2002IAUS..207..390E", "2002PASJ...54..393H", "2003A&A...398..493K", "2003A&A...406..415F", "2003AJ....125..555D", "2003AJ....126.1763S", "2003AJ....126.2237D", "2003ApJ...593..312C", "2004A&A...416..515D", "2004A&A...428..425L", "2004AJ....128...62G", "2004ApJ...605..156G", "2004ApJ...612L...5A", "2004ApJS..153..243L", "2004evn..conf..121B", "2005A&A...429..115N", "2005MNRAS.361..748B", "2005RMxAA..41..155S", "2006A&A...449..997L", "2006AJ....132..570M", "2006AJ....132.2398E", "2006NewAR..49..536C", "2007AJ....133.2132S", "2007AJ....133.2327G", "2007ApJ...669..251C", "2007ApJS..170...33P", "2007MNRAS.381..228P", "2008A&A...491..131L", "2008ApJ...677..201G", "2008MNRAS.386..105B", "2009A&A...500.1287S", "2009A&A...501...75A", "2009A&A...508..615L", "2009AJ....137.3581I", "2009ApJ...700..654E", "2009ApJ...707..787G", "2009MNRAS.396...97R", "2010A&A...522A..59A", "2010AJ....139.1600R", "2010MNRAS.405.2737B", "2010arXiv1008.2095A", "2011A&A...528A.137I", "2011ApJ...728..124R", "2011IAUS..271..127R", "2012A&A...547A..24C", "2012AJ....144..125M", "2013ApJ...762..110L", "2013ApJ...777...42K", "2013arXiv1311.7504K", "2014A&A...566A..38O", "2014A&A...571A..57R", "2014ApJ...784...16M", "2014ApJ...787...48X", "2014IAUS..304..363T", "2014MNRAS.439..157K", "2014MNRAS.439.1648A", "2014MNRAS.443..624E", "2014MNRAS.445.1104R", "2015A&A...577A..21C", "2015MNRAS.450.3381L", "2016MNRAS.462.1281M", "2017ApJ...837..100D", "2018AJ....155...81S", "2018MNRAS.473.4566P", "2018MNRAS.476..307M", "2020A&A...640A..95I", "2020A&A...643A.127D", "2020ApJ...889..132G", "2020ApJ...890..145Z", "2020RMxAA..56...71S", "2023MNRAS.523.2952M" ]
[ "1958AJ.....63..201W", "1958MeLuS.136....1H", "1958PASP...70..364M", "1959VV....C......0V", "1965PASP...77..287S", "1966ApJS...14....1A", "1967Afz.....3...55M", "1967PASP...79..152S", "1969Afz.....5..443M", "1971Afz.....7..511M", "1971Afz.....7..521K", "1971MNRAS.153..471B", "1972Afz.....8..155M", "1972ApJ...172..593M", "1973AJ.....78..959L", "1973Afz.....9..487M", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1976Afz....12..389M", "1976Afz....12..657M", "1977A&AS...28....1V", "1977Afz....13..225M", "1977Afz....13..397M", "1977ApJS...35..171H", "1977MNRAS.181..211W", "1978Afz....14...69P", "1979Afz....15..201M", "1979Afz....15..209P", "1979Afz....15..363M", "1979Afz....15..373P", "1979Afz....15..549M", "1979Natur.282..272B", "1980Afz....16..621P", "1980Afz....16..631P", "1981Afz....17..231K", "1981Afz....17..619M", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1982FCPh....7..241S", "1982PASP...94..586O", "1982PASP...94..715F", "1983AJ.....88..161B", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1983Afz....19...29M", "1983ApJ...264..105F", "1983ApJ...267..551G", "1983ApJ...269..466K", "1983HiA.....6..459K", "1984AJ.....89..966D", "1984ApJ...285..439U", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1984ApL....24...43G", "1985AJ.....90..708K", "1985AJ.....90.1772D", "1985Afz....22..229P", "1985ApJS...57....1M", "1985ApJS...57..643D", "1986AJ.....91..255B", "1986ApJS...62..751M", "1987ApJ...320...49B", "1987ApJS...64..507C", "1987IAUS..121...65K", "1989Afz....31..447A", "1989PhDT........12M", "1991AJ....101.2034M" ]
1895398
null
Faint blue galaxies : high or low redshift ?
The original LDSS deep redshift survey showed that the bulk of the faint blue galaxies brighter than b_J_ = 22.5 are at redshifts less than z = 0.5. However, the 19 per cent incompleteness of the survey left open the possibility that some small subset of the galaxy population may be at high redshift (z &gt; 0.7) and have subsequently undergone strong luminosity evolution. With new observations we have now reduced the incompleteness in two of the original survey zones to just 4.5 per cent. No galaxies with z &gt; 0.7 were found, confirming the previous results. The 90 per cent confidence upper limit on the number of high-redshift galaxies brighter than b_J_ = 22.5 is consistent with no evolution but inconsistent with any significant luminosity evolution of L &gt; L^*^ galaxies. The 99 per cent limit is consistent with no more than 1.0-1.2 magnitudes of luminosity evolution by a redshift of z = 1. We have also carried out a deeper survey of the bluest galaxies with 22 &lt; R &lt; 23. Redshifts were obtained for 11 out of 23 objects with B - R &lt;= 0.70 and/or R - I &lt;= 0.75. Most importantly, the redshifts of all six galaxies with B - I &lt; 1, indicative of a near-flat spectrum in f<SUB>nu</SUB> were identified. Apart from one QSO, the identified objects all have z &lt; 1. The observation that all the flat-spectrum objects are at low redshift rules out galaxy evolution models with mild luminosity evolution only (low q_0_, high Z_f_ ), which predict that almost all galaxies with these colours should have z &gt; 1. The luminosities of the galaxies with near- flat spectra span the range of 0.15L^*^ to 0.02 L^*^, from normal galaxies to dwarfs. These results are consistent both with merging- dominated models for galaxy evolution and with models postulating bursts of star formation in dwarf galaxies. Infrared-selected redshift surveys and multicolour high-resolution imaging offer means to discriminate between these scenarios.
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12.421058
6.100907
1993-03-01
166
1993MNRAS.261...19C
[ "galaxy evolution", "L^*^ galaxies", "high redshift", "normal galaxies", "dwarf galaxies", "low redshift rules", "luminosity evolution", "mild luminosity evolution", "strong luminosity evolution", "evolution models" ]
[ "Faint Objects", "Galactic Evolution", "Galactic Radiation", "Galaxies", "Red Shift", "Astronomical Photometry", "Cosmology", "Dwarf Galaxies", "Luminosity", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.1.19" ]
[ "Colless, Matthew", "Ellis, Richard S.", "Broadhurst, T. J.", "Taylor, Keith", "Peterson, Bruce A." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Durham Univ., United Kingdom", "Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "Anglo-Australian Observatory, Epping, Australia", "Mt. Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, Weston, Australia" ]
[ "1993ApJ...415L..87D", "1993ApJ...417L...5M", "1993ApJ...418L...1R", "1993MNRAS.262..764A", "1993MNRAS.263...86P", "1993MNRAS.265..145B", "1993NYASA.688..207E", "1993ebr..proc..103T", "1994A&A...281..603C", "1994A&A...286..701K", "1994A&A...288..103G", "1994A&ARv...5..239F", "1994AJ....108.2123D", "1994ASPC...54..439C", "1994ASSL..187..677G", "1994ASSL..190...29G", "1994ApJ...420L...1S", "1994ApJ...426...79P", "1994ApJ...426..516B", "1994ApJ...427..140F", "1994ApJ...427L..83B", "1994ApJ...430..121C", "1994ApJ...432...75A", "1994ApJ...434..114C", "1994ApJ...436L.143T", "1994ApJS...94...63B", "1994MNRAS.266..155D", "1994MNRAS.266..983P", "1994MNRAS.266L...5M", "1994MNRAS.267..541C", "1994MNRAS.267..889S", "1994MNRAS.267.1108C", "1994MNRAS.268..393D", "1994MNRAS.268..569M", "1994MNRAS.270..245S", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1994Natur.367..510S", "1994PASP..106.1052P", "1995AJ....109.2376S", "1995Ap&SS.226..309X", "1995ApJ...438...49B", "1995ApJ...439...14N", "1995ApJ...439..565I", "1995ApJ...440..470F", "1995ApJ...440L...1G", "1995ApJ...441..494I", "1995ApJ...442..538L", "1995ApJ...442..569M", "1995ApJ...444...21P", "1995ApJ...444L..17W", "1995ApJ...445L..15I", "1995ApJ...450..534D", "1995ApJ...450..547L", "1995ApJ...451...60B", "1995ApJ...453...48D", "1995ApJ...453..559N", "1995ApJ...453..599C", "1995ApJ...454...32W", "1995ApJ...455...50L", "1995ApJ...455...60L", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1995ApJS...96..117M", "1995ApJS...96..371N", "1995ConPh..36..411E", "1995IAUS..164..311G", "1995IAUS..167..263S", "1995MNRAS.272L..25E", "1995MNRAS.273..157G", "1995MNRAS.274..755H", "1995MNRAS.274..832P", "1995NYASA.759..612F", "1995P&SS...43.1439D", "1995RMxAA..31...91C", "1995astro.ph..3007D", "1996A&A...314..707S", "1996AJ....112..369G", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996ARA&A..34..511O", "1996ASPC...94...83F", "1996ASPC...94..369C", "1996ApJ...456..124M", "1996ApJ...457..551M", "1996ApJ...458..100B", "1996ApJ...460...94L", "1996ApJ...461..534L", "1996ApJ...462...77F", "1996ApJ...463..473I", "1996ApJ...464...60L", "1996ApJ...469..529D", "1996BASI...24..593C", "1996IAUS..168..109C", "1996IAUS..168..201K", "1996IAUS..171..431P", "1996IAUS..173..143B", "1996MNRAS.278..417A", "1996MNRAS.279..535M", "1996MNRAS.279.1157G", "1996MNRAS.279.1357L", "1996MNRAS.280..235E", "1996MNRAS.280..267B", "1996MNRAS.280..397R", "1996MNRAS.281..953P", "1996MNRAS.282..820R", "1996MNRAS.282..903C", "1996MNRAS.282.1247R", "1996MNRAS.282.1413B", "1996MNRAS.283..174P", "1996MNRAS.283..865S", "1996MNRAS.283.1227M", "1997A&A...318..729J", "1997A&AS..124..163A", "1997AJ....114..887S", "1997ARA&A..35..389E", "1997ASPC..117..485M", "1997ASSL..210..111P", "1997ApJ...474..623V", "1997ApJ...475...29P", "1997ApJ...480...59N", "1997ApJ...480..132C", "1997ApJ...488..606C", "1997ApJ...490...11W", "1997ApJ...491..561M", "1997ApL&C..36..161P", "1997ApL&C..36..255S", "1997MNRAS.285..613H", "1997MNRAS.285..779R", "1997MNRAS.288..200R", "1997MNRAS.289..419R", "1997MNRAS.291..383C", "1997MNRAS.292..835R", "1997NCimC..20..657D", "1997astro.ph..8075E", "1997astro.ph.10044H", "1998A&A...332..459G", "1998AJ....116.1082L", "1998AJ....116.1227D", "1998ApJ...499..112B", "1998ApJ...501..578S", "1998ApJ...506..557B", "1998ApJS..115...35H", "1998MNRAS.294..229G", "1998MNRAS.298..483H", "1998astro.ph.10395B", "1999A&A...344..393F", "1999A&A...345..329V", "1999A&AS..136..117L", "1999AJ....118..613N", "1999Ap&SS.267..319E", "1999Ap&SS.267..343G", "1999ApJ...511..574H", "1999MNRAS.304..297M", "2000A&A...355..900D", "2000ASPC..200...47L", "2000Ap&SS.274..557H", "2000MNRAS.311..565L", "2001AJ....121.2392N", "2001ApJ...549..745R", "2001ApJ...550..593J", "2001MNRAS.325.1603E", "2001PASJ...53..611M", "2001PhR...340..291B", "2001defi.conf..236L", "2002ARA&A..40..579G", "2003ApJ...596..253S", "2005ApJ...634..793N", "2013JETP..116...71S" ]
[ "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1973AJ.....78..583G", "1977MNRAS.181..163E", "1980ApJS...43..305K", "1982MNRAS.201..223E", "1983ApJ...273..105B", "1983oeg..proc..255E", "1985ApJ...288..456K", "1986ApJ...311..651K", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988ApJ...325...92K", "1988ApJ...332L..29C", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1989ASIC..264...71K", "1990A&A...227..362G", "1990ASPC...10..268K", "1990ApJ...357L...9G", "1990MNRAS.242..235P", "1990MNRAS.244..408C", "1990MNRAS.247..166R", "1990Msngr..62...16B", "1991ASIC..348..267Y", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991ApJ...372....8Y", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1991ApJ...380L..47E", "1991ApJ...381...14L", "1991MNRAS.249..481J", "1991MNRAS.249..498M", "1991MNRAS.253..686C", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1992A&A...257..501G", "1992ARA&A..30..613K", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1992Natur.355...55B" ]
1877964
null
A Revised Catalog of CfA1 Galaxy Groups in the Virgo/Great Attractor Flow Field
A new identification of groups and clusters in the CfA1 Catalog of Huchra et al. is presented using a percolation algorithm to identify density enhancements. The procedure differs from that of the original Geller and Huchra catalog in several important respects; galaxy distances are calculated from the Virgo-Great Attractor flow model of Faber and Burstein, the adopted distance linkage criteria is only ~1/4 as large as in the Geller and Huchra catalog, the sky link relation is taken from Nolthenius and White, interstellar extinction is included, and "by-hand" adjustments to group memberships are made in the complex regions of Virgo/Coma I/Ursa Major and Coma/A1367. Since flow model distances are poorly determined in these same regions, available distances from their Tully-Fisher D_n_ - σ, planetary nebula luminosity function, and surface brightness resolution methods are adopted if available in the literature. It is shown that in the resulting catalog, contamination by interlopers is significantly reduced. The Schechter luminosity function is redetermined (M^*^ = - 19.45, α = - 1.01), including the Malmquist bias (M^*^ = - 19.00, α = -0.77). M^*^ is ~0.2 mag brighter than in earlier studies, in part due to correction for interstellar extinction. The group luminosity function is roughly a power law with a possible turnover at low luminosity.
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12.211847
5.35429
1993-03-01
97
1993ApJS...85....1N
[ "flow model distances", "planetary nebula luminosity function", "available distances", "galaxy distances", "low luminosity", "group memberships", "Huchra", "interstellar extinction", "surface brightness resolution methods", "several important respects" ]
[ "Algorithms", "Astronomical Catalogs", "Astronomical Models", "Galactic Clusters", "Virgo Galactic Cluster", "Luminosity", "Mass To Light Ratios", "Space Density", "Tables (Data)", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: LUMINOSITY FUNCTION", "MASS FUNCTION" ]
1
[ "10.1086/191753" ]
[ "Nolthenius, Richard" ]
[ "Lick Observatory, Santa Cruz; Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA" ]
[ "1993VA.....36....1K", "1994ApJ...422...46P", "1994ApJ...422L..45N", "1994ApJ...437L..71G", "1994ApJS...93...47D", "1994PASP..106..170R", "1994PASP..106..413R", "1995AJ....109.1458R", "1995ApJ...438..539F", "1995ApJ...444..582D", "1995ApJ...449..422H", "1995ApJS...97..259F", "1995ApJS...97..275F", "1995ApJS...99...67N", "1995ApL&C..31...95B", "1995Natur.377...27T", "1996A&A...312..745R", "1996AJ....112.2471T", "1996ApJ...456...80M", "1996ApJ...456L...5M", "1996ApJ...458...18G", "1996ApJ...459..110F", "1996ApJ...460..601D", "1996ApJ...469...40G", "1996ApJ...470..444F", "1996MNRAS.283.1361B", "1997AJ....113..483R", "1997AJ....114.1365B", "1997ApJ...479..616S", "1997ApJ...480...43N", "1997ApJ...485L..17P", "1997ApJ...486L..15G", "1997ApL&C..36..241G", "1998A&AS..130..341T", "1998Ap.....41...32P", "1998ApJ...495....1B", "1998ApJ...499L..13M", "1999AJ....118.1131W", "1999AJ....118.2592V", "1999ASPC..172...38V", "1999PASA...16...77B", "2000A&A...361..429R", "2000ARA&A..38..289M", "2000ASPC..209....1K", "2000ApJ...537..123D", "2000ApJ...543..178G", "2000ApJS..128..431F", "2000ApJS..130..237T", "2000MNRAS.315..356H", "2000MNRAS.319..933H", "2001A&A...378..370V", "2001AJ....122.2954P", "2001ApJ...553..968J", "2001ApJ...554..857G", "2001ApJ...562..314S", "2001MNRAS.324..859B", "2002AJ....124..675C", "2002ApJ...574L..17B", "2002ApJ...580..122M", "2002RMxAA..38..199A", "2003A&A...405..917C", "2003ApJS..145...39M", "2003MNRAS.340..485H", "2003MNRAS.345.1329M", "2004MNRAS.350.1511O", "2004PhDT........18M", "2005AJ....130.1502M", "2005ASPC..329...77B", "2005ApJ...634..272G", "2006ApJ...646..143F", "2006IAUS..230..205T", "2006MNRAS.368...48L", "2007MNRAS.374..737F", "2008AJ....135.1488T", "2009ApJ...706..980J", "2010ApJ...709..377P", "2010ApJ...709.1083L", "2010PASP..122..261B", "2011MNRAS.416.2916O", "2011RAA....11..909P", "2012ApJ...748..123S", "2012MNRAS.420.2715C", "2012MNRAS.421.2872B", "2013A&A...550A.114B", "2014ApJ...795..146L", "2014ApJS..215...22K", "2015A&A...579A.102B", "2015AJ....149..171T", "2015MNRAS.451.2793E", "2015PhDT.......101L", "2016MNRAS.459.2212M", "2017ApJ...843...16K", "2020MNRAS.497.2954L", "2021ApJ...908...19B", "2022ApJ...928..150T", "2022ApJS..262...31L", "2023MNRAS.522.6170R" ]
[ "1971MNRAS.155...95L", "1975ApJ...199..545M", "1975BAAS....7..426A", "1975gaun.book..557D", "1976AJ.....81..952H", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1976ApJS...32..409T", "1976MNRAS.174...47D", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1978A&A....63..401M", "1979A&A....74..235M", "1982AJ.....87..945K", "1982ApJ...255..382H", "1982ApJ...257..389T", "1982ApJ...257..423H", "1982ApJS...50..241A", "1983A&A...125..368M", "1983ApJS...52...61G", "1983ApJS...52...89H", "1984ApJ...281...31T", "1984ApJ...282...19F", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985ApJS...58...67T", "1986AJ.....92..722D", "1986ApJ...306L..55H", "1986MNRAS.223....1C", "1987AJ.....94..251B", "1987ApJ...317..653F", "1987ApJ...320...96G", "1987ApJ...321..280T", "1987ApJ...321..622M", "1987MNRAS.225..505N", "1987ang..book.....T", "1987nngp.proc..175F", "1988A&A...196...17B", "1988AJ.....95..284D", "1988AJ.....96...73T", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988Ap.....28..150M", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1988ApJ...330..579P", "1988ApJ...331..620K", "1988ApJ...332...44D", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1989ApJ...343....1D", "1989ApJ...343...18B", "1989ApJ...343...94S", "1989ApJ...344...57R", "1989ApJ...344..715C", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1989ApJS...69..809M", "1990AJ....100.1416T", "1990ApJ...349....1F", "1990ApJ...351...10F", "1990ApJ...354...13D", "1990ApJ...354...18B", "1990ApJ...356..332J", "1990ApJ...361...49S", "1990ApJ...364..370B", "1990ApJS...72..433H", "1990ApJS...74....1Z", "1990MNRAS.242...56E", "1991ApJ...372..380Y", "1991ApJ...382..382P", "1991ApJ...383..467M", "1991ApJS...75..241D", "1991ApJS...75..935D", "1991ApJS...77..363S", "1992PhDT.........5C" ]
1875222
null
Cooperative Galaxy Formation and Large-Scale Structure
We consider a model in which galaxy formation occurs at high peaks of the mass density field, as in the standard picture for biased galaxy formation, but is further enhanced by the presence of nearby galaxies. This modification is accomplished by assuming the threshold for galaxy formation to be modulated by large-scale density fluctuations rather than to be spatially invariant. We show that even a weak modulation can produce significant large-scale clustering. In a universe dominated by cold dark matter, a 2%-3% modulation on a scale exceeding 10 h^-1^ Mpc produces enough additional clustering to fit the angular correlation function of the APM galaxy survey. Such an effect might be detectable as a small (about 0.2 mag rms) spatial modulation of the characteristic scale in the galaxy luminosity function or as an apparent dependence of large-scale clustering on luminosity or distance in flux-limited samples. although such effects are not necessarily present in all simple versions of the model, they could provide an observational indicator for cooperative galaxy formation. We discuss several astrophysical mechanisms for which there are observational indications that cooperative effects could occur on the scale required. although the importance of such effects is highly uncertain, it would clearly be rash to exclude the possibility that large-scale power in the galaxy distribution is a consequence of the physics of galaxy formation. There is thus no compelling reason to reject the density fluctuation predictions of the simplest inflationary models.
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12.062102
3.550397
1993-03-01
93
1993ApJ...405..403B
[ "cooperative galaxy formation", "galaxy formation", "biased galaxy formation", "nearby galaxies", "cooperative effects", "such effects", "large-scale density fluctuations", "enough additional clustering", "significant large-scale clustering", "large-scale clustering" ]
[ "Cosmology", "Dark Matter", "Density (Mass/Volume)", "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Evolution", "Mass Distribution", "Luminosity", "Mathematical Models", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE" ]
2
[ "10.1086/172372" ]
[ "Bower, Richard G.", "Coles, Peter", "Frenk, Carlos S.", "White, Simon D. M." ]
[ "Durham Univ., United Kingdom", "Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, United Kingdom", "Durham Univ., United Kingdom", "Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ; Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1993ApJ...413L..55M", "1993MNRAS.262..465P", "1993MNRAS.262.1065C", "1993MNRAS.264..749C", "1993MNRAS.265..809T", "1993PhR...231....1L", "1993PhR...231..293S", "1993PhRvD..47.5219B", "1993PhRvD..48.2529C", "1994ApJ...425..392F", "1994ApJ...431..506D", "1994ApJ...437L..13G", "1994MNRAS.266..191A", "1994MNRAS.266..524B", "1994MNRAS.267..390C", "1994MNRAS.267.1020P", "1994MNRAS.269..742M", "1994MNRAS.271L..47D", "1994Natur.370..609C", "1994PhyD...77..354B", "1994RSPTA.346..121F", "1995AJ....110.2009O", "1995ApJ...438...27H", "1995ApJ...442...39J", "1995ApJ...455...32C", "1995ApJS..101....1M", "1995MNRAS.274..730L", "1995MNRAS.274.1049B", "1995MNRAS.276..796S", "1995PhR...251....1B", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1995PhR...262....1S", "1996ApJ...466...13K", "1996ConPh..37..429C", "1996MNRAS.282.1096M", "1996MNRAS.283..107W", "1996NuPhS..51...30P", "1996astro.ph..2134J", "1997MNRAS.290..651M", "1998A&A...329...14D", "1998A&AS..130..341T", "1998ApJ...496L..85M", "1998ApJ...499...20J", "1998ApJ...504..607S", "1998ApJ...506...53F", "1998MNRAS.299...95M", "1998MNRAS.300..183C", "1998MNRAS.300..945C", "1998MNRAS.301..797H", "1999A&A...344...17D", "1999A&A...348..667D", "1999ApJ...512..527D", "1999ApJ...515..471N", "1999ApJ...521L...5C", "1999ApJ...522..569N", "1999ApJ...525..543M", "1999MNRAS.302..111L", "1999MNRAS.305..527T", "1999MNRAS.306..779D", "1999MNRAS.309..659H", "1999Natur.397..225W", "1999tpgr.conf...88D", "2000A&A...357..809D", "2000ASPC..200..129C", "2000ASPC..200..148D", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000MNRAS.315..767D", "2001MNRAS.320..139W", "2001MNRAS.322..369D", "2001pteu.conf..217C", "2002ApJ...578..708W", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002PhRvD..66d3528A", "2002astro.ph..5545A", "2002astro.ph..9128D", "2003astro.ph.12607C", "2004astro.ph..8440C", "2005MNRAS.356..247W", "2005MNRAS.356..456C", "2005MNRAS.362L..25A", "2007ARep...51..169D", "2007JCAP...10..007C", "2010MNRAS.407..632S", "2011MNRAS.412..825D", "2013MNRAS.429.2032N", "2013MNRAS.433.1529C", "2013PhR...530...87W", "2014ApJ...792L..34P", "2014MNRAS.442.2131A", "2017pcos.book.....J", "2018PhR...733....1D", "2020PhRvD.101j3528T", "2023MNRAS.524.2524H" ]
[ "1972hmfw.book.....A", "1973ApJ...185..757H", "1977ApJ...217..385G", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1981ApJ...243L.127O", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1983SvAL....9...41K", "1984ApJ...281...95P", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984ApJ...285L...1P", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985ApJ...297....1S", "1985MNRAS.213P..75R", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986ApJ...305L...5J", "1986MNRAS.222P...9C", "1987ApJ...313..505W", "1987ApJ...321L.107S", "1987ApJ...323L..13D", "1987Natur.326..455D", "1987Natur.330..451W", "1988ASPC....5...71H", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1988ApJ...327..507F", "1988ApJ...327..570B", "1988ApJ...330..579P", "1988ApJ...331L..59H", "1988ApJ...333L..45W", "1988MNRAS.234..159S", "1989ApJ...338L...5D", "1989ApJ...340...29E", "1989ApJ...340...47C", "1989ApJ...345L...1S", "1989MNRAS.237.1127C", "1989MNRAS.238..293L", "1989MNRAS.238..319C", "1989MNRAS.238..881L", "1989Natur.341..215V", "1990ApJ...351...10F", "1990ApJ...352L..29C", "1990ApJ...356....1O", "1990ApJ...356..332J", "1990ApJ...364..370B", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.247....1R", "1990MNRAS.247P..10E", "1991ApJ...373....1W", "1991ApJ...373L...1T", "1991IAUS..146..383W", "1991MNRAS.248..159S", "1991MNRAS.252....1K", "1991MNRAS.253..307P", "1991MNRAS.253P...1P", "1991MNRAS.253P..31B", "1991Natur.349...32S", "1991PhST...36...70F", "1992ApJ...384..404P", "1992ApJ...386..432K", "1992ApJ...389L...5M", "1992ApJ...390L...1D", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJ...396L..13W", "1992MNRAS.254..315W", "1992MNRAS.256..477M", "1992MNRAS.256P..43E" ]
1873739
null
A Large Arc in the Gravitational Lens System 0957+561
New R- and B_J_ band images of the gravitational lens 0957+561 show a pair of elongated blue objects 20" from the lens center; their morphology strongly suggests that they are distorted images of background galaxies, and as such they place new constraints on models of this lens system. The implications for the Hubble constant and for the mass distribution in the lens are investigated using a variety of parametric models. The models of Falco et al. [ApJ, 310, 568 (1991)] and of Kochanek [ApJ 382, 58 (1991)] cannot describe the observed arcs. Lenses consisting of an isothermal galaxy (G1) and softened-core isothermal cluster cannot form the arc for velocity dispersions comparable to those observed. Models in which the mass of the galaxy traces its light also fail without the addition of a third strong deflector. Galaxy mass profiles of nonisothermal power laws can produce the arc, but only if the lens is marginal, G 1 has low mass, and therefore the implied value of H_0_ is below 32. inclusion of a mass of order 10^14^ M_sun_ at the location of the z = 0.5 group of galaxies in the field allows a new branch of solutions with higher galaxy masses, cluster masses consistent with the measured velocity dispersions, and values of H_0_ up to 68. The further addition of a constant shear to the lens model allows the Hubble constant to be as large as 87. These models satisfy all of the lensing constraints, agree with the locally determined distance scale, and have masses consistent with all existing dynamical estimates. Further observation of the system should differentiate between the low-H_0_ and high-H_0_ sets of solutions. Surface photometry of the outer portions of the lens galaxy G1 show that it is well fit by a deVaucouleurs profile with r_e_~ 14h^-1^ kpc and m_R_~ 17.0, and is a typical brightest cluster elliptical. If the high-H_0_ models are correct, then the galaxy mass profile is at least as steep as isothermal, perhaps as steep as mass traces light.
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13.249661
4.022169
1993-03-01
44
1993AJ....105..816B
[ "higher galaxy masses", "background galaxies", "galaxies", "low mass", "parametric models", "Models", "models", "Galaxy mass profiles", "mass traces", "cluster masses" ]
[ "Color-Magnitude Diagram", "Galactic Clusters", "Gravitational Lenses", "Hubble Constant", "Mass Distribution", "Quasars", "Arcs", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Isophotes", "Pixels", "Astrophysics", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "DISTANCE SCALE" ]
2
[ "10.1086/116474" ]
[ "Bernstein, G. M.", "Tyson, J. A.", "Kochanek, C. S." ]
[ "Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ", "AT&amp;T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ", "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA" ]
[ "1993ApJ...416..425M", "1993Natur.366..309F", "1994A&A...284...44S", "1994A&A...287..349S", "1994A&A...291..411A", "1994A&ARv...5..239F", "1994ApJ...426..486C", "1994ApJ...431...74G", "1994ApJ...433..528M", "1994ApJ...435L..79D", "1994ApJ...436..509S", "1994PASP..106.1113V", "1994RPPh...57..117R", "1995AJ....109.1956H", "1995AJ....110.1476K", "1995ApJ...445..140C", "1995MNRAS.277..609T", "1996A&A...305...97P", "1996ASPC..101....3J", "1996ApJ...464...92G", "1996ApJ...473..570G", "1996FCPh...17....1W", "1996IAUS..173...49R", "1996MNRAS.282..530G", "1996astro.ph..8139L", "1997AJ....113..521F", "1997AJ....114.2240H", "1997ApJ...479..102H", "1997ApJ...482...75K", "1997ApJ...483L..79B", "1997ApJ...487...42K", "1997ApJ...489..522L", "1997MNRAS.291..811H", "1998ASPC..136..317R", "1998CRASB.326..141B", "1999AJ....118...14B", "1999ApJ...515..512T", "1999ApJ...516...18R", "1999ApJ...520..479B", "1999ApJ...526...40S", "2000ApJ...531..635M", "2000ApJ...542...74K", "2006glsw.conf.....M", "2013ApJ...765..139R" ]
[ "1966MNRAS.132..101R", "1979Natur.279..381W", "1980ApJ...241..507Y", "1980ApJ...242L.141S", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1981ApJ...244..736Y", "1985ApJ...291....8M", "1985ApJ...291L..29A", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1985ApJ...293..356R", "1985ApJ...293..370G", "1986ApJ...310..568B", "1986ApJS...60..603S", "1987ApJ...316...52K", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1988ApJ...327..693G", "1988ApJ...334...42G", "1988ApJ...335..552T", "1990ApJ...349L...1T", "1990ApJ...357L...9G", "1990MNRAS.247..135K", "1991AJ....102.1026P", "1991ApJ...370..455S", "1991ApJ...372..364F", "1991ApJ...382...58K", "1991Natur.350..211R", "1992ASIC..366..199S", "1992ApJ...385..416P", "1992ApJ...387L..61C", "1992ApJ...390L..65M", "1992MNRAS.254P..27G", "1992MNRAS.258..404L" ]
1873695
null
A Gravitationally Lensed Ring in MG 1549+3047
We report the discovery of a new gravitational lens in the radio source MG 1549+3047. The source has a compact core and two lobes, with a faint optical counterpart to the core. The brighter lobe is shaped like a ring, and centered on a foreground galaxy with known redshift. The radio structure of the ring can be reproduced by distorting a typical radio lobe through a simple elliptical gravitational lensing potential, which models the mass distribution in the foreground galaxy. From a preliminary lens model, we show that the mass distribution follows the observed luminosity, and we predict a central velocity dispersion of about 230 km s^-1^. This corresponds to a blue mass-to-light ratio of about 1 8h solar units. The lens appears to be an ordinary elliptical galaxy, and the many multiply-imaged structures make MG 1549+3047 well-suited to directly determine its mass distribution.
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13.444415
4.270988
1993-03-01
56
1993AJ....105..847L
[ "a simple elliptical gravitational lensing potential", "MG", "light", "a new gravitational lens", "an ordinary elliptical galaxy", "known redshift", "its mass distribution", "the mass distribution", "a foreground galaxy", "the foreground galaxy" ]
[ "Elliptical Galaxies", "Gravitational Lenses", "Mass Distribution", "Mass To Light Ratios", "Radio Sources (Astronomy)", "Red Shift", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Radio Galaxies", "Very Large Array (Vla)", "Astrophysics", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116476" ]
[ "Lehar, J.", "Langston, G. I.", "Silber, A.", "Lawrence, C. R.", "Burke, B. F." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom; MIT, Cambridge, MA", "National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA", "MIT, Cambridge, MA", "Owens Valley Radio Observatory; Palomar Observatory, Pasadena, CA", "MIT, Cambridge, MA" ]
[ "1993AJ....106.1719C", "1994CQGra..11A.183S", "1994MNRAS.270L..63G", "1994RPPh...57..117R", "1995AJ....110.2570L", "1995MNRAS.277..995L", "1996AJ....111.1812L", "1996AJ....112..897F", "1996FCPh...17....1W", "1996IAUS..175..105H", "1996MNRAS.279L..13R", "1997AJ....113..540F", "1997AJ....114...48L", "1997ApJ...488L.121A", "1997astro.ph.11156H", "1998AJ....115...37C", "1998ASSL..226..249F", "1998ApJ...509..561K", "1998NewA....3..379R", "1999ApJ...516...18R", "1999astro.ph..8353L", "2000MNRAS.319..879M", "2001AJ....122..585S", "2001ASPC..237...43L", "2001ApJ...547...50K", "2001ApJ...547...60L", "2001MNRAS.327..557M", "2002A&ARv..10..263C", "2002IAUS..187..129H", "2002LNP...608....1C", "2003ApJ...595...29R", "2003MNRAS.343..639O", "2003MNRAS.343L..29T", "2004MNRAS.350..167M", "2005AJ....130.1977H", "2005IAUS..225..237W", "2006MNRAS.372.1187W", "2007ApJ...671.1568J", "2007NJPh....9..445C", "2008MNRAS.384..843M", "2012ApJ...744...90B", "2012ApJ...755...31C", "2012JCAP...03..016C", "2013MPLA...2850057W", "2015AJ....149....2M", "2015ApJS..219...29M", "2015JCAP...02..010C", "2015MNRAS.452.2423Y", "2016PhRvD..93b4020P", "2017ApJ...850...94W", "2018EPJC...78..258Y", "2018MNRAS.475.5179S", "2022A&A...658A...7B", "2024A&A...686A.169Z", "2024NatAs...8..119V", "2024arXiv240409954M" ]
[ "1936Sci....84..506E", "1937PhRv...51..290Z", "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1964MNRAS.128..307R", "1965MmRAS..69..183P", "1970A&AS....1..281C", "1974A&AS...15..417H", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1978ApJ...223..707S", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1984ARA&A..22..319B", "1984ApJ...284....1T", "1985AJ.....90.2540C", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1986PhDT........45H", "1987ApJ...321..658B", "1988ApJ...326....1Y", "1988MNRAS.234..801S", "1988Natur.333..537H", "1989AJ.....97.1283L", "1989MNRAS.238...43K", "1989MNRAS.240..257D", "1989cpg..book.....P", "1989nrpa.book.....P", "1990ApJS...72..621L", "1991MNRAS.249..498M", "1991Natur.352..132J", "1991PhDT........77L", "1992ApJ...401..461K" ]
1873762
null
A Study of the Rich Cluster of Galaxies A119
We use Einstein Observatory x-ray images, galaxy photometry, and galaxy redshifts to study the cluster of galaxies Abell 119. We report 60 new radial velocities, as well as new photographic and CCD photometry. We find corresponding evidence for substructure in the projected galaxy distribution and the x-ray surface brightness profile. A multiple clump model, in which galaxies trace the condensations in the dark matter, reproduces the main features of the photometric and x-ray data. The galaxy velocity histogram of A 119 is Gaussian (with the exception of a superposed foreground group), but the velocity data do not sample the subclumps adequately.
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13.240191
5.120196
1993-03-01
37
1993AJ....105..788F
[ "galaxy photometry", "Einstein Observatory x-ray images", "galaxies", "galaxy", "the x-ray surface brightness profile", "The galaxy velocity histogram", "corresponding evidence", "the projected galaxy distribution", "the photometric and x-ray data", "60 new radial velocities" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Galactic Clusters", "Heao 2", "Radial Velocity", "Red Shift", "X Ray Imagery", "Brightness Distribution", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116472" ]
[ "Fabricant, Daniel", "Kurtz, Michael", "Geller, Margaret", "Zabludoff, Ann", "Mack, Peter", "Wegner, Gary" ]
[ "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA", "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA", "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA", "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA", "Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT Observatory, Tucson, AZ", "Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH" ]
[ "1993AJ....106.1273Z", "1993AJ....106.1301Z", "1993ApJ...414L...5H", "1993ApJ...419...47Z", "1994A&A...283..722Q", "1994AJ....107.1637B", "1994ApJ...425...35H", "1994RvMA....7..235W", "1995AN....316..319B", "1995ApJ...438..527G", "1995ApJ...447....8M", "1995ApJ...447L..21Z", "1996A&A...310....8K", "1996AJ....112.1816M", "1996ApJ...457...61G", "1996ApJ...470..724M", "1996ApJ...473..670F", "1996MNRAS.279..349D", "1996Obs...116..391G", "1997ApJ...482...41G", "1997astro.ph..9036W", "1998A&A...331..439A", "1998ApJ...496..693R", "1998ApJ...505...74G", "1998MNRAS.295..177G", "1998MNRAS.301..609B", "1999A&AS..140..327M", "1999ApJS..125...35S", "1999PASP..111..438F", "2000ApJ...530...62G", "2001ApJ...551..153D", "2002ASPC..268..453V", "2003AJ....126.2152R", "2012RAA....12.1381T", "2016ApJ...822...92L", "2019ApJ...875...60J", "2023ApJ...955..103W" ]
[ "1953ApJ...118..502K", "1974ApJ...191L..51H", "1978A&A....62..127M", "1978AJ.....83..904S", "1980A&A....82..322D", "1980ApJS...42..565D", "1981AJ.....86..476J", "1981AJ.....86.1567M", "1981PASP...93..405K", "1982SPIE..331..465V", "1983ApJ...271..446A", "1983ApJS...52...89H", "1984ApJ...286..186F", "1985AJ.....90.1665K", "1986ApJ...308..530F", "1986SPIE..627..733T", "1990ApJ...364..433S", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1990SPIE.1235..747F", "1991ApJ...379..564W", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992adass...1..432K" ]
1873744
null
High Resolution IRAS Observations of Interacting Systems in the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample
A sample of morphologically selected interacting galaxies has been chosen from the 60 micron flux density limited IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample [Soifer et al., ApJ, 320,238(1987)]. Using the HIRES algorithm [Aumann et al., AJ, 99, 1674(1990)] and one-dimensional coaddition, the IRAS survey data for these galaxies were analyzed and the infrared fluxes at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns for the resolved components have been determined where possible. Of the 56 potentially resolvable interacting groups, 22 systems have been resolved yielding fluxes for a total of 51 galaxies. In about 2/3 of the resolved pairs, both galaxies are bright in the infrared. A set of isolated noninteracting galaxies with a similar distribution of blue luminosities was chosen from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample for comparison with the interacting galaxies. For the current sample of interacting systems resolved by IRAS the primary conclusions are as follows: (a) It is not possible to distinguish individual interacting galaxies from isolated galaxies of similar blue luminosity on the basis of infrared properties alone. Interactions of the type sampled here do not, therefore, produce any unique IR signatures in individual galaxies. The relatively large intrinsic dispersion of normal galaxy properties is likely responsible for this fact. (b) No direct correlation was found between measures of interaction strength and indicators of enhanced star formation within the resolved systems. (c) Comparison of the interacting and isolated samples indicates substantial differences between their distributions of far-infrared color ratios, luminosities, and surface brightnesses. These differences can be attributed to the expected heating of the gas rich interstellar medium due to the triggering of starbursts in the interacting galaxies. Even during the early stages of interaction spanned by these systems, tidal perturbations appear to substantially boost far-infrared indicators of star formation compared to noninteracting systems.
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12.511131
7.382213
1993-03-01
46
1993AJ....105..864S
[ "individual interacting galaxies", "isolated galaxies", "individual galaxies", "isolated noninteracting galaxies", "normal galaxy properties", "interacting systems", "similar blue luminosity", "blue luminosities", "noninteracting systems", "al." ]
[ "Brightness Distribution", "Far Infrared Radiation", "Infrared Astronomy Satellite", "Interacting Galaxies", "Luminous Intensity", "Distribution Functions", "High Resolution", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYANAMICS" ]
3
[ "10.1086/116478" ]
[ "Surace, Jason A.", "Mazzarella, Joseph", "Soifer, B. T.", "Wehrle, Ann E." ]
[ "California Inst. of Technology; JPL, Pasadena", "JPL, Pasadena, CA", "California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena", "JPL, Pasadena, CA" ]
[ "1993AJ....106.1771K", "1993BASI...21..281R", "1994A&A...281..725C", "1994AJ....108...90M", "1994ApJ...430..179Z", "1995A&A...297..331D", "1995AJ....110..167C", "1995ApJ...443..136C", "1996A&AS..115..439E", "1996A&AS..117...39A", "1996Ap.....39..183K", "1996ApJ...468..139S", "1996MNRAS.279..636M", "1996PASP..108..535C", "1997A&AS..124..533D", "1997ApJ...483..754S", "1997ApJS..111..387C", "1997ApJS..112..315H", "1998A&A...330..841C", "1998ApJ...492..137S", "1998ApJ...497...89V", "1998ApJ...504..749N", "1999A&A...341..667M", "1999AJ....117.2102I", "1999ApJ...515..696O", "1999ApJ...523...87T", "2000A&A...357....7P", "2000ApJ...529..170S", "2000ApJ...541..644X", "2000ApJS..131..413Z", "2000MNRAS.315..115D", "2000MNRAS.318..124G", "2001AJ....121.1319H", "2001ASPC..240..155G", "2002AJ....123..720C", "2003AJ....125..555D", "2003AJ....126.1607S", "2003MNRAS.344..809W", "2004AJ....127.3235S", "2004ApJ...605..144M", "2004MNRAS.355...57X", "2005AJ....129..136E", "2006A&A...457..405C", "2006A&A...457..425C", "2016A&A...593A..89R", "2017MNRAS.472.3074P" ]
[ "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1983ApJ...267..551G", "1983crvg.book.....P", "1984AJ.....89..966D", "1984ApJ...278L..71S", "1984ApJ...287...95L", "1985ApJ...298L...7H", "1986ApJ...311L..33H", "1986ApJS...62..751M", "1987A&A...171...16B", "1987ApJ...320...49B", "1987ApJ...320..238S", "1988AJ.....96..504H", "1988ARA&A..26..343T", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1988ApJ...335...74B", "1988ApJS...68..151H", "1988iras....1.....B", "1989AJ.....98..766S", "1989ARA&A..27..161P", "1989AmSci..77...46S", "1989ApJS...70..699Y", "1989Natur.340..687H", "1990A&A...237..215D", "1990AJ.....99.1674A", "1990AJ....100...70C", "1990ApJ...362...59B", "1990ApJS...73..359C", "1991AJ....101..354S", "1991AJ....101.2034M", "1991ApJ...370L..65B", "1991ApJ...374..407X", "1991ApJ...376...95C", "1991ApJ...378...65C", "1991MNRAS.251..360N", "1991Natur.354..210H", "1991SciAm.265b..40B", "1991rc3..book.....D" ]
1875604
null
Beryllium and Boron Constraints on an Early Galactic Bright Phase
The recent observations of Be and B in metal-deficient halo dwarfs are used to constrain a 'bright phase' of enhanced cosmic-ray flux in the early Galaxy. Assuming that this Be and B arises from cosmic-ray spallation in the early Galaxy, limits are placed on the intensity of the early (Population II) cosmic-ray flux relative to the present (Population I) flux. A simple estimate of bounds on the flux ratio is 1 - 40. This upper bound would restrict galaxies like our own from producing neutrino fluxes that would be detectable in any currently proposed detectors. It is found that the relative enhancement of the early flux varies inversely with the relative time of enhancement. It is noted that associated gamma-ray production via pp - pi<SUP>0</SUP> pp may be a significant contribution to the gamma-ray background above 100 MeV.
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7.139138
8.897778
1993-03-01
11
1993ApJ...405..559F
[ "neutrino fluxes", "enhanced cosmic-ray flux", "associated gamma-ray production", "cosmic-ray spallation", "the early flux", "bounds", "Galaxy", "B", "metal-deficient halo dwarfs", "galaxies" ]
[ "Beryllium", "Boron", "Dwarf Stars", "Galactic Cosmic Rays", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Particle Flux Density", "Abundance", "Gamma Ray Astronomy", "Halos", "Metallicity", "Neutrinos", "Astrophysics", "ISM: COSMIC RAYS", "ELEMENTARY PARTICLES", "NUCLEAR REACTIONS", "NUCLEOSYNTHESIS", "ABUNDANCES", "STARS: EVOLUTION" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172387" ]
[ "Fields, Brian D.", "Schramm, David N.", "Truran, James W." ]
[ "Chicago Univ; NASA/Fermilab. Astrophysics Center, Batavia, IL", "Chicago Univ; NASA/Fermilab. Astrophysics Center, Batavia, IL", "Chicago Univ., IL" ]
[ "1994ApJ...423...68F", "1994ApJ...435..185F", "1995A&A...298..465A", "1995ApJ...447..184Y", "1995ApJS...98..617T", "1995PhR...256..193T", "1996ASPC...99..366V", "1997ApJ...478..554L", "1997ApJ...485..605Y", "1998ApJ...499..735L", "1998ApJ...508..729L" ]
[ "1970ApJ...162...49F", "1970Natur.226..727R", "1971A&A....15..337M", "1971Ap&SS..14..179T", "1975Ap&SS..32..461B", "1975ocr..proc..267S", "1976ApJ...206..958R", "1976SvA....20..260O", "1978ApJ...222..833F", "1979duma....2..155B", "1980FCPh....5..287T", "1982ena..conf...23C", "1983ARNPS..33..323S", "1985A&A...146...95M", "1985ApJ...289..556L", "1985ApJ...299..745W", "1985PhRvD..31..564H", "1986A&A...169..201G", "1986ApJ...311..406M", "1986PhRvD..34.1622H", "1987JApA....8...99B", "1988A&A...191..121B", "1988A&A...193..193R", "1988A&A...199....1B", "1988ApJ...329L.103B", "1988IAUS..132..441A", "1988Natur.334...45W", "1989ARA&A..27..279W", "1989ApJ...347..455D", "1989PThPh..81..254T", "1990ApJ...348L..57R", "1990ApJ...353..406K", "1991ARA&A..29..447C", "1991ApJ...371..648B", "1991ApJ...376..115B", "1991ApJ...378...17G", "1992ApJ...385L..13S", "1992ApJ...388..184R", "1992ApJ...391..651B", "1992ApJ...393L...9S", "1992ApJ...401..584D", "1992BAAS...24..681L", "1993ApJ...403..630P", "1993ApJ...404..468M" ]
1895333
null
The kinematics of face-on disc galaxies, and the nature of the Galactic H I layer
The line-of-sight velocity distribution of a face-on disc galaxy provides an extremely useful diagnostic of its three-dimensional structure. Credible models for the density distribution perpendicular to the plane of the galaxy result in significantly varying forms for the observable velocity distribution. If the gravitational potential is externally specified or if the system is self-gravitating, then the density distribution can be inferred directly from the line-of-sight velocity distribution. Application of these methods to high-latitude 21-cm observations of the Milky Way shows that the atomic hydrogen layer in our own Galaxy cannot be supported purely by its own turbulent motions.
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10.33633
6.573348
1993-03-01
6
1993MNRAS.261..233M
[ "the observable velocity distribution", "the density distribution", "Credible models", "sight", "the atomic hydrogen layer", "its own turbulent motions", "Application", "the galaxy result", "our own Galaxy", "the Milky Way" ]
[ "Disk Galaxies", "Galactic Structure", "H I Regions", "Mass Distribution", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Density Distribution", "Gravitational Fields", "Velocity Distribution", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.1.233" ]
[ "Merrifield, Michael R." ]
[ "Southampton Univ., United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994ASPC...58..396K", "1994ApJ...432..575M", "1996ApJ...462..203Y", "2002ASPC..276..107L", "2007AJ....134.1952P", "2012ApJ...757...84W" ]
[ "1916MNRAS..76..572E", "1942ApJ....95..329S", "1971A&A....13..169B", "1972ApJ...175..353K", "1974A&AS...17....1W", "1981A&A....95..105V", "1981gask.book.....M", "1982AJ.....87.1679H", "1986A&A...157..230V", "1986ApJ...303..556V", "1987IAUS..127..397R", "1987gal..proc..375F", "1988A&A...192..117V", "1989ApJ...337..155B", "1989ApJ...337..163W", "1989ApJ...342..785D", "1989MNRAS.239..605K", "1989MNRAS.239..939D", "1990A&A...229..441B", "1990ARA&A..28..215D", "1990ApJ...365..544B", "1990Natur.346..153V", "1991ApJ...366..443F", "1991ApJ...378..131K", "1991ApJ...382..182L", "1992AJ....103.1552M", "1992AJ....103.1761P", "1992ApJS...79...77S" ]
1875636
null
Deep Imaging Search for Lyman-Alpha Emission Associated with an H i Cloud at Z = 3.4
We have carried out deep broad- and narrow-band imaging of a field reported to contain a possible Zel'dovich pancake at z = 3.4 in order to search for Lyα emission from galaxies or protogalaxies associated with the cloud. We are sensitive to objects with sizes less than 5" but do not detect any Lyα emission-line objects down to a limiting flux level of 3.8 x 10^-30^ ergs s^-1^ cm^2^ Hz^-1^, or an integrated line flux of 4.4 x 10^-17^ ergs s^-1^ cm^-2^. This limit is some 25 to 50 times fainter than the Lyα emission detected from a nearby radio galaxy at the same redshift.
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13.54006
6.376999
1993-03-01
3
1993ApJ...406...26R
[ "Lyα emission", "Lyα", "galaxies", "deep broad-", "the Lyα emission", "an integrated line flux", "z", "a nearby radio galaxy", "order", "a limiting flux level" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Lyman Alpha Radiation", "Ultraviolet Astronomy", "Astronomical Photometry", "Radio Galaxies", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172415" ]
[ "Rhee, George", "Loken, Chris", "Le Fevre, Oliver" ]
[ "New Mexico State University, Las Cruces", "New Mexico State University, Las Cruces", "Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corp., Kamuela, HI" ]
[ "1995A&A...303..379M", "1995ApJ...451..484L", "1996IAUS..168..497M" ]
[ "1970A&A.....5...84Z", "1971MNRAS.153..471B", "1972A&A....20..189S", "1978MNRAS.182..727D", "1983ApJ...272...54K", "1985ApJ...288..465C", "1985ApJ...299L...1D", "1986ASSL..122..419K", "1986MNRAS.218..577B", "1987AJ.....94.1469H", "1987MNRAS.225P...1H", "1988AJ.....96.1845N", "1988ASSL..141..259D", "1988ApJ...333..161L", "1988IAUS..132..211D", "1990ApJ...357....3L", "1990ApJ...363...21C", "1990JApA...11..221S", "1990JApA...11..237S", "1991ASPC...21..354T", "1991ApJ...370...78H", "1991ApJ...376L..29Y", "1991ApJ...377L..73L", "1991PhRvL..67.3328U", "1992IAUS..149..337D" ]
1206940
null
A Measurement of Omega 0 from the Internal Dynamics of Spiral Galaxies
The mean mass density of the universe is a primary target of observational cosmology. We devise a method to estimate this quantity by extending to spiral disks the argument that the peculiar motions of galaxies are generated by the overdensities of matter related to galaxy clustering. We obtain the density excess associated with the dark halos of spiral galaxies by considering, rather than the motion of a companion galaxy bound in an unknown orbit (as in earlier work of Davis &amp; Peebles), the motion of test bodies rotating in the disk plane of spiral galaxies. This is done by means of a proper visible/dark mass decomposition of galaxy rotation curves. On scales R ~ 3-50 kpc (for a Hubble constant value of 50 km s^-1^ Mpc^-1^), we find that the mass excess around galaxies scales with R like the excess in number of spiral galaxies. On the assumption that light traces mass, we estimate the value of the cosmological density parameter to be {OMEGA}_0_ = 0.35 +/- 0.15. If the universe is flat, galaxy clustering is enhanced over matter clustering by a biasing factor of about 3.
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10.735032
5.817967
1993-03-01
3
1993ApJ...405..459S
[ "spiral galaxies", "galaxy clustering", "galaxies", "galaxy rotation curves", "spiral disks", "mass", "matter", "earlier work", "test bodies", "a companion galaxy" ]
[ "Cosmology", "Density Measurement", "Galactic Clusters", "Mass Distribution", "Spiral Galaxies", "Dark Matter", "Galactic Mass", "Galactic Rotation", "Radial Velocity", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172378" ]
[ "Salucci, Paolo", "Persic, Massimo", "Borgani, Stefano" ]
[ "SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy" ]
[ "1994ApJ...425..442G", "1994ApJ...434...37B", "1995PhR...251....1B" ]
[ "1976ApJ...205L.109P", "1976ApJ...208...13D", "1979ApJ...232L..79G", "1980ApJ...238L..13L", "1980ApJ...238L.113D", "1982euse.book.....L", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983FCPh....9....1E", "1983MNRAS.205..605B", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984MNRAS.210P..19B", "1986ApJ...300...77G", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986Natur.321...27P", "1987ApJS...64..427S", "1987Natur.326..455D", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1988MNRAS.234..131P", "1988MNRAS.234..677L", "1989MNRAS.237..129K", "1989MNRAS.237..247S", "1989MNRAS.237..569H", "1989MNRAS.241..325L", "1990A&A...227..324B", "1990ApJ...355...44P", "1990ApJ...356...83P", "1990ApJ...364..370B", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.245..577P", "1990MNRAS.247....1R", "1990MNRAS.247..349P", "1991A&A...252..449J", "1991ApJ...368...60P", "1991ApJ...375..517C", "1991ApJ...376L...1S", "1991ApJ...379...89S", "1991MNRAS.248..325P", "1991MNRAS.249...46P", "1991MNRAS.252....1K", "1991PhDT.......214M", "1992ApJ...392..452M" ]
11564012
astro-ph/9303007
The Local Galaxy Density and the Bars of Spiral Galaxies
Using a variety of parameters of local galaxy density, we have examined the effects of the environmental density on the presence of bar structures in spiral galaxies of various morphological types. For an extensive sample of nearby galaxies, listed in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog (Tully 1988a), we have found that the spirals characterized by a high local density tend to be barred if they are early-type and early- type if they are barred (at the significance level of ~3 σ), confirming some earlier suggestion of low statistical significance. This fact, which is observed substantially in low-luminosity spirals, indicates that galaxy interactions can simulate the formation of bars, primarily in early-type, low-luminosity spirals. This is in partial, qualitative agreement with the most recent relevant N-body simulations. On the other hand, no significant density segregation is observed between pure S-shaped [S(s)] spirals and spirals with inner rings [S(r)], which are often associated with bars.
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10.459457
6.941158
1993-04-01
25
1993ApJ...407...22G
[ "local galaxy density", "spiral galaxies", "nearby galaxies", "galaxy interactions", "spirals", "low statistical significance", "various morphological types", "bar structures", "bars", "low-luminosity spirals" ]
[ "Barred Galaxies", "Galactic Structure", "Interacting Galaxies", "Spiral Galaxies", "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Evolution", "Ring Galaxies", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172489", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9303007" ]
[ "Giuricin, Giuliano", "Mardirossian, Fabio", "Mezzetti, Marino", "Monaco, Pierluigi" ]
[ "SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy" ]
[ "1994ApJ...424..599M", "1994ApJ...425..450G", "1994ApJ...436..576M", "1994ApJS...93..425M", "1995ApJ...450...41G", "1996AJ....111.1575W", "1996ApL&C..33..139G", "1996ApL&C..33..153M", "1998ASPC..146..202M", "1998ApJ...505..484M", "1999ASPC..176..292M", "1999astro.ph..9255G", "2000ASPC..201..314M", "2000ApJ...543..178G", "2004ASSL..319..231N", "2009A&A...497..713B", "2009MNRAS.397..726L", "2012ApJ...746..136M", "2012ApJ...761L...6M", "2014ApJ...796...98L", "2017MNRAS.464.1502M", "2020MNRAS.492.4697N", "2021MNRAS.501..994S", "2021MNRAS.502.3085G", "2023A&A...678A..54M" ]
[ "1961cgcg.book.....Z", "1966ApJS...14....1A", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1976ApJ...208...20T", "1976ApJS...32..409T", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1979ApJS...40..527P", "1979ats..book.....K", "1981ApJ...244L..43T", "1981ApJS...47..139F", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1982A&AS...50..451R", "1983ApJS...52...61G", "1984ApJ...281...31T", "1984Natur.311..517B", "1985A&A...144..115I", "1985ApJ...288..438E", "1986A&A...166...75B", "1986MNRAS.223..139K", "1987A&A...171...16B", "1987MNRAS.228..635N", "1987ang..book.....T", "1987lssu.proc...71G", "1988A&A...192...95G", "1988A&A...201...37N", "1988AJ.....96...73T", "1988ang..book.....T", "1989ApJ...342..677E", "1989ApJ...345..101G", "1989woga.conf...29B", "1990A&A...230...37G", "1990ApJ...350...89B", "1990ApJ...351...62B", "1990ApJ...356...87B", "1990ApJ...361..426O", "1990ApJ...364..415E", "1990dig..book..205C", "1991A&A...243..118S", "1991ApJ...366..393G", "1991ApJ...368...60P", "1991ApJ...381...14L", "1991IAUS..146..255C", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992ApJ...385...83Z" ]
11566186
astro-ph/9301012
A possible forest of emission lines from protogalaxies
We discuss the possibility of detecting protogalaxies in the ultraviolet, assuming that galaxy formation occurred at z ~ 5-6. We show that the diffuse gas in collapsing galaxy-sized objects with temperatures ~10^6+0.5 K, and with modest metallicities, should produce many emission lines from highly ionized iron atoms. We compare the expected luminosity from models of galaxy formation with the sensitivity of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
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12.990836
6.612309
1993-04-01
1
1993MNRAS.261L..25N
[ "galaxy formation", "many emission lines", "modest metallicities", "collapsing galaxy-sized objects", "protogalaxies", "models", "temperatures", "z", "the Hubble Space Telescope", "highly ionized iron atoms" ]
[ "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.1.L25", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9301012" ]
[ "Nath, B. B.", "Eichler, D." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1994PASP..106.1052P" ]
[ "1967ApJ...147..868P", "1976ApJ...203L.103M", "1979ApJ...234..427S", "1982ApJS...48...95S", "1983ApJS...52..155G", "1985ApJ...297..371H", "1986ApJ...306...30G", "1987ApJ...322..585B", "1987IAUS..124..777S", "1989AIPC..183..337Y", "1989ApJ...341L...5F", "1990ApJ...348...48P", "1990PASP..102..503V", "1991ApJ...379...52W" ]
1325055
null
A New Method for the Identification of Non-Gaussian Line Profiles in Elliptical Galaxies
It is usually assumed that the line profiles (i.e., the distributions of stars over line-of-sight velocities) of elliptical galaxies have Gaussian shapes, characterized by a line strength γ, mean radial velocity V, and velocity dispersion σ. We relax this unnecessarily restrictive assumption and propose a decomposition of the line profile into orthogonal functions: the Gauss-Hermite series. This series naturally leads to two extra parameters that measure deviations of the line profile from a Gaussian: a parameter h_3_ measuring asymmetric deviations and a parameter h_4_ measuring symmetric deviations. Model calculations for the outer parts of spherical galaxies yield line profiles that can deviate significantly from Gaussians. Even for models with only mild velocity dispersion anisotropy the rms deviations from a Gaussian can be of order 10%. Approximating these line profiles by Gaussians yields systematic errors in the estimates of the mean radial velocity and velocity dispersion of 10% or more. The new method is used to derive line profiles for the elliptical galaxies IC 1459, NGC 1374, and NGC 4278. All three galaxies have asymmetric line profiles on the major axis, similar to those found earlier in galaxies with kinematically distinct cores. In addition we find evidence for symmetric deviations from a Gaussian. By fitting Gaussians to these asymmetric line profiles the amplitude of the rotation curve can be overestimated by 30% or more. The results for h_3_ and h_4_ are not strongly dependent on the spectral resolution of the observations. The results confirm the notion that elliptical galaxies have complex structures, due to their complex formation history. It is expected that accurate measurements of line profiles will provide additional constraints on models of galaxy structure and formation.
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10.923224
6.400154
1993-04-01
751
1993ApJ...407..525V
[ "asymmetric line profiles", "line profiles", "elliptical galaxies", "galaxy structure", "velocity dispersion", "spherical galaxies", "only mild velocity dispersion", "galaxies", "asymmetric deviations", "these asymmetric line profiles" ]
[ "Elliptical Galaxies", "Galactic Structure", "Line Spectra", "Astronomical Models", "Computational Astrophysics", "Galactic Evolution", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "LINE: PROFILES" ]
13
[ "10.1086/172534" ]
[ "van der Marel, Roeland P.", "Franx, Marijn" ]
[ "Leiden, Sterrewacht, Netherlands", "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA" ]
[ "1993A&A...279..376B", "1993ApJ...419...47Z", "1993MNRAS.263.1049C", "1993MNRAS.264..712K", "1993MNRAS.265..213G", "1993MNRAS.265..250D", "1994A&A...291..725H", "1994A&A...292..381B", "1994A&ARv...5..293C", "1994A&AS..105..433L", "1994AJ....107..160F", "1994AJ....107.1295S", "1994ApJ...420..110L", "1994ApJ...427..165H", "1994ApJ...432..575M", "1994ApJ...432L..91V", "1994MNRAS.267..333E", "1994MNRAS.268..521V", "1994MNRAS.268.1019D", "1994MNRAS.269..785B", "1994MNRAS.270..271V", "1994MNRAS.270..325C", "1994MNRAS.270..523C", "1994MNRAS.271...99V", "1994MNRAS.271..202E", "1994MNRAS.271..949M", "1995A&A...293...20S", "1995A&A...298..405S", "1995AJ....109.1371S", "1995ARA&A..33..581K", "1995Ap&SS.225..107H", "1995ApJ...438..218A", "1995ApJ...438..514M", "1995ApJ...438..539F", "1995ApJ...440..554Q", "1995ApJ...441L..25C", "1995ApJ...442...39J", "1995ApJ...446...75S", "1995ApJ...448...64H", "1995ApJ...448..226D", "1995ApJ...451..419R", "1995ApJ...451..598J", "1995IAUS..164..215D", 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1895305
null
The merging history of dark matter haloes in a hierarchical universe.
We have developed a algorithm to investigate the merging history of present-day dark matter haloes in a universe where structure is built up hierarchically. The algorithm constructs merging history trees which can be used to trace the merging path of every halo mass element through all the progenitor haloes from which the present object formed. These trees follow merging histories from high redshift until z = 0 and so can be used to study the formation and merging of galaxies within the material which constitutes a single present-day group or cluster of galaxies. We have tested our results against those derived from numerical simulations of gravitational clustering and find that our algorithm correctly reproduces the mass distribution of the two largest halo progenitors at a series of redshifts. Applying our methods to the question of the survival of galaxy discs, we confirm that merging rates in a {OMEGA} = 1 cold dark matter universe may be too high to allow the observed predominace of spiral galaxies in the field. Low-density models have no such problem. An analysis of the frequency of substructure in galaxy clusters is unable to produce a reliable estimate of {OMEGA} because of the uncertainty in how long such substructure can last.
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11.203695
5.234932
1993-04-01
305
1993MNRAS.261..921K
[ "galaxy clusters", "galaxy discs", "spiral galaxies", "merging histories", "galaxies", "history trees", "merging rates", "high redshift", "present-day dark matter haloes", "merging" ]
[ "None" ]
3
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.4.921" ]
[ "Kauffmann, G.", "White, S. D. M." ]
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1424041
null
The Halo Radio Source Coma C and the Origin of Halo Sources
We present in this paper the first high-resolution spectral index map of the halo source Coma C, which was obtained combining WSRT data at 326 MHz and DRAO + VLA data at 1.4 GHz. The spectral index distribution shows a central region, of ~8' radius, where the spectral index is almost constant (~0.8), surrounded by a region where the spectrum steepens to α ~ 1.8. In addition, we present new observations of Coma C obtained with the WSRT at 608.5 MHz. The spectral index information and high-resolution maps are used to derive the physical conditions in Coma C and understand the processes which lead to the formation of halo sources in clusters. It is suggested that the origin of relativistic particles of Coma C is the large head-tail radio galaxy NGC 4869, orbiting at the Coma cluster center. The spectral index distribution implies that the electrons left behind from the galaxy's motion are continually reaccelerated in situ, through the weak shocks in the intracluster medium produced by galaxy wakes. According to our suggestion on the origin of radiating electrons in Coma C, we explain the rarity of radio halos as due to the difficulty of finding tailed radio galaxies orbiting at the cluster centers.
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14.464716
4.658454
1993-04-01
247
1993ApJ...406..399G
[ "Coma C", "tailed radio galaxies", "Coma", "radio halos", "galaxy wakes", "halo sources", "the halo source Coma C", "WSRT data", "VLA data", "The spectral index distribution" ]
[ "Galactic Clusters", "Radio Galaxies", "Radio Spectra", "Continuums", "Interferometry", "Magnetic Fields", "Relativistic Particles", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "RADIATION MECHANISMS: MISCELLANEOUS", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES", "TECHNIQUES: INTERFEROMETRIC" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172451" ]
[ "Giovannini, G.", "Feretti, L.", "Venturi, T.", "Kim, K. -T.", "Kronberg, P. P." ]
[ "CNR, Ist. di Radioastronomia; Bologna, Univ., Italy", "CNR, Ist. di Radioastronomia; Bologna, Univ., Italy", "CNR, Ist. di Radioastronomia, Bologna, Italy", "Toronto Univ., Canada; Chungnam National Univ., Taejon, Republic of Korea", "Toronto Univ., Canada" ]
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1895356
null
Detection of 35 new 5 1 -6 0 A+ -methanol masers towards IRAS sources.
We present the results of a search for 6.6-GHz A<SUP>+</SUP>-methanol masers towards 235 colour-selected IRAS sources which were not known to have associated 1 .6-GHz hydroxyl or 12.2-GHz methanol maser emission. 35 new 6.6-GHz maser sources were detected above a 3σ level of 3 Jy. The majority of the newly detected sources lie in the inner spiral arms of the Galaxy, with only one source in the Carina arm region.
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12.430024
11.712634
1993-04-01
96
1993MNRAS.261..783S
[ "IRAS", "Galaxy", "the inner spiral arms", "12.2-GHz methanol maser emission", "Carina", "35 new 6.6-GHz maser sources", "the Carina arm region", "6.6-GHz A<SUP>+</SUP>-methanol masers", "the newly detected sources", "235 colour-selected IRAS sources" ]
[ "masers - ISM: clouds - ISM: molecules - radio lines: ISM" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.4.783" ]
[ "Schutte, A. J.", "van der Walt, D. J.", "Gaylard, M. J.", "MacLeod, G. C." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1993MNRAS.262...43G", "1993MNRAS.262..343M", "1994ApJ...427..857H", "1994MNRAS.269..257G", "1994MNRAS.269L..11S", "1995A&AS..110...81V", "1995Ap&SS.224...55C", "1995Ap&SS.230..341G", "1995MNRAS.272...96C", "1995MNRAS.273.1033H", "1995PASA...12..186W", "1996ASPC..102..247C", "1996ApJ...459..600B", "1996MNRAS.279...79C", "1996MNRAS.279..101E", "1996MNRAS.280..378E", "1996MNRAS.282.1085V", "1996MNRAS.283..606C", "1996PhDT........42J", "1997A&A...322..307V", "1997AJ....113.1310L", "1997ApJS..110...71O", "1997MNRAS.289..203C", "1997MNRAS.291..261W", "1998A&A...336.1007L", "1998AJ....116.1897M", "1998AJ....116.2936M", "1998ApJ...508..275N", "1998MNRAS.297..215C", "1998MNRAS.300.1131P", "1999A&AS..134..115S", "1999A&AS..136..471M", "1999JApA...20....1M", "1999MNRAS.310.1077V", "2000A&A...353..211H", "2000A&A...357..637H", "2000A&A...360..311S", "2000A&AS..143..269S", "2000ChA&A..24..315J", "2000MNRAS.315..316G", "2001MNRAS.326..293K", "2001MNRAS.326..805C", "2002A&A...384L..15P", "2002A&A...392..277S", "2002IAUS..206..139P", "2002IAUS..206..143S", "2002astro.ph..1365P", "2003A&AT...22....1M", "2003ARep...47..797V", "2004A&A...413..233B", "2004AJ....127.3479G", "2004ApJ...602..850S", "2005A&A...429..945M", "2005A&A...432..737P", "2005A&A...434..613S", "2005ApJ...625..883B", "2005BaltA..14..429N", "2006A&A...453.1003T", "2006ApJ...638..241E", "2006ApJ...643L..33A", "2007A&A...463.1009P", "2007A&A...464..393P", "2007A&A...465..865E", "2007A&A...468..617S", "2007ApJ...669..464S", "2007IAUS..242...89P", "2007MNRAS.377..571E", "2008A&A...485..615H", "2008AJ....136.1427V", "2008ApJ...676..464C", "2009A&A...507.1117X", "2009MNRAS.392..783G", "2010MNRAS.404..661V", "2010MNRAS.409..913G", "2011A&A...531L...3S", "2011ApJS..194...32A", "2011ApJS..194...44S", "2011arXiv1107.0464E", "2012AN....333..634S", "2012IAUS..287..492P", "2012MNRAS.420.3108G", "2013MNRAS.431.1180C", "2014ApJ...790...84L", "2015A&A...575A..10D", "2015A&A...578A.102S", "2017ApJS..233....4R", "2017RMxAA..53....3S", "2018A&A...617A..67S", "2018ApJ...852...93V", "2020MNRAS.497.4436D", "2021ApJS..256....3P", "2023ApJS..265...16S", "2023EPJP..138..717E", "2024A&A...684A..86B", "2024ApJ...965...69Y", "2024ApJS..272...44L" ]
[ "1977A&AS...30..145G", "1977ApJ...216..381B", "1979A&AS...37....1T", "1979ApJ...227..450E", "1980AuJPh..33..639C", "1982ApJ...254L..31C", "1983A&AS...54..167B", "1983AuJPh..36..361C", "1983AuJPh..36..417C", "1986A&A...167..315C", "1986A&A...168..237W", "1987A&A...173..263Z", "1987A&A...176..245B", "1987ApJ...321L.159N", "1987ApJ...322..706D", "1987AuJPh..40..215C", "1988A&AS...76..445C", "1988MNRAS.231..205C", "1988MNRAS.235..123G", "1989A&A...213..339F", "1989A&A...221..105S", "1989A&AS...77..465B", "1989A&AS...78..399T", "1989AJ.....97..786H", "1989ApJ...340..265W", "1989ApJS...69..831W", "1989RPPh...52..881C", "1990A&A...236..479B", "1990A&AS...84..179C", "1990ApJS...74..911B", "1990PhDT........23M", "1990RMxAA..20...51G", "1991A&A...246..249P", "1991A&AS...90..327T", "1991ApJ...380L..75M", "1991MNRAS.252..210B", "1991MNRAS.252P..36M", "1992A&AS...93..525H", "1992MNRAS.254P...1M", "1992MNRAS.256..519M" ]
1875637
null
Magnetic Field Strengths in High-Redshift Galaxies: Can the Galactic Dynamo Be Tested?
We examine the hypothesis that the population of Strong H I absorption systems is responsible for a significant excess Faraday rotation measure in quasars, and conclude that the case is unproved, in contrast to a recent analysis by Wolfe, Lanzetta, &amp; Oren (1991). We discuss the limitations and pitfalls inherent in attempts to derive firm magnetic field strengths from the existing integrated rotation measures of quasars, and we show that although it is premature to use integrated quasar rotation measures to either confirm or rule out particular mechanisms of magnetic field amplification in galaxy disks, our observations may call for reexamination of current theories of large- scale magnetic field generation. We discuss the sources of rotation measure in the double quasar 0957 + 561. Because of the uncertainties in the determination of the magnetoionic properties of high-redshift systems which we discuss, it is important that preliminary results should not be over- or mis-interpreted and that caution should be exercised before attempting to tie these results to fundamental physical processes connected with galaxy formation and the early universe.
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15.103233
4.588665
1993-04-01
29
1993ApJ...406..407P
[ "integrated quasar rotation measures", "rotation measure", "magnetic field amplification", "firm magnetic field strengths", "large- scale magnetic field generation", "Strong H I absorption systems", "galaxy disks", "preliminary results", "galaxy formation", "fundamental physical processes" ]
[ "Dynamo Theory", "H I Regions", "Interstellar Magnetic Fields", "Magnetic Flux", "Quasars", "Red Shift", "Calcium", "Energy Absorption", "Faraday Effect", "Magnesium", "Plasma Physics", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: QUASARS: GENERAL", "ISM: MAGNETIC FIELDS" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172452" ]
[ "Perry, Judith J.", "Watson, Alan M.", "Kronberg, Philipp P." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Wisconsin Univ., Madison", "Toronto Univ., Canada" ]
[ "1993MNRAS.263...37K", "1994A&A...289...94B", "1994RPPh...57..325K", "1995A&A...297..305L", "1995ApJ...445..624O", "1996A&A...312..663D", "1996ARA&A..34..155B", "1996ApJ...457..529B", "1996ApJ...469....1K", "1997ApJ...488..550P", "1997ApJ...489..489P", "1997Natur.385..131Z", "1998GApFD..89..285M", "1998PhPl....5.2773L", "1999PhRvD..60b1301D", "2000astro.ph.10499.", "2002ChJAA...2..293H", "2002RvMP...74..775W", "2004ApJ...617..339B", "2004NewAR..48..763V", "2004NewAR..48.1003G", "2005ApJ...634..390B", "2005PhR...417....1B", "2006AN....327..387G", "2006AN....327..461B", "2008arXiv0802.4044N", "2014ApJ...795...63F", "2018NuPhB.935...83E", "2022ApJ...924...26S" ]
[ "1964mtps.book.....V", "1971ApJ...163..255P", "1972CosEl...3..129P", "1976Natur.263..653K", "1977A&A....61..771K", "1979Natur.279..381W", "1980ApJ...241..507Y", "1980ApJ...242...74S", "1980ApJ...242L.141S", "1980Natur.286..865G", "1981AJ.....86.1825B", "1981ApJ...244..736Y", "1981ApJS...45...97S", "1982ApJ...263..518K", "1984ApJ...279...19W", "1985ApJ...293..370G", "1985ApJ...293..387B", "1986A&A...169....1B", "1986ApJ...309..833B", "1986ApJS...61..249W", "1987ApJ...316..611D", "1987ApJ...319...28Y", "1987ApL....25..181V", "1987Natur.329..223K", "1988Natur.336..341R", "1988PhRvD..37.2743T", "1988qal..conf..297W", "1989A&A...210...35O", "1989ApJ...342..650P", "1989Natur.341..720K", "1990A&AS...82..261O", "1990ApJ...348...48P", "1990ApJ...355...29K", "1990ApJ...355L..31K", "1990ApJ...356...23H", "1990ApJ...360...41T", "1990ApJ...361..362P", "1990ApJS...74...37S", "1990AuJPh..43..227P", "1990ComAp..15...71S", "1990IAUS..140...97K", "1990IAUS..140..187K", "1990IAUS..140..219H", "1990IAUS..140..519P", "1990IAUS..140..527K", "1991ApJ...379...80K", "1991ApJS...77....1L", "1991IAUS..144...67R", "1991MNRAS.248...58W", "1991PhDT........91B", "1992A&A...256...10R", "1992AJ....104.1320O", "1992ApJ...387..528K", "1992ApJ...388...17W", "1992ApJ...390..309T", "1992ApJ...391L...1R" ]
1875612
null
Three-dimensional Hydrodynamical Calculations on the Fragmentation of Pancakes and Galaxy Formation
The fragmentation of pancakes is numerically investigated by a three- dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) combined with a usual N-body scheme, where the ionization equilibria are solved and all kinds of the cooling and heating processes are explicitly included for primordial gas. We consider dark-matter-dominated pancakes as well as baryon-dominated ones, in a range of pancake mass M_pan_ = 10^13-15^ M_sun_. We find a three-step fragmentation scenario: First, the fragmentation is triggered by the filamentary mode instability in a central cooled dense layer. Second, they are torn to numerous lumps, forming chainlike structures. Finally, the lumps flow toward the outer edge, and a central hole develops. Then the lumps collide with each other and merge into larger ones. The final stage of hole making may lead to a kind of dynamical antibiasing in the sense that galaxies eventually form far away from peaks of initial density fluctuations. In the present simulations, the galaxy formation efficiency is as small as f_GF_~ exp [-2(M_pan_/10^14^ M_sun_)^1/5^]. Some characteristic properties are presented in relation to galaxy formation. The typical mass of fragments is proportional to the pancake mass as M_b_ ~ 0.3-2 x 10^11^ M_sun_ (M_pan_/10^14^ M_sun_) in baryons, and the rotation velocity inferred from the mass and size of each fragment is V_rot_~ 140-230 km s^-1^ (M_pan_/10^14^ M_sun_)^1/3^. The H i column density of an edge-on pancake is typically N_HI_~1.4 x 10^21^ cm^-2^ (M_pan_/10^14^ M_sun_)^1/3^, and those of fragments are in the range 10^20-20.7^ cm^-2^(M_pan_/10^14^ M_sun_)^1/3^ at Z ~ 2, which can be compared to the damped Lyα absorption systems at the high redshifts. The properties we obtain are consistent with the recently discovered Z = 3.4 pancake. Other quantities such as the specific angular momenta and the line of sight relative peculiar velocity dispersion are also presented. As for the shock-heated hot intergalactic gas, some estimates are made for X-ray luminosities, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, and the Compton γ-parameter. The fragmentation process turns out to be strongly dependent upon imposed small-scale fluctuations. Unless there are some small-scale seed fluctuations imposed, the pancakes will not fragment. Therefore, a hot dark matter (HDM)dominated universe does not seem preferable as a complete model of galaxy formation. It is found that just a small fluctuation amplitude is required for fragmentation at smaller scales than the HDM free-streaming damping mass. A two-component dark-matter- dominated universe turns out to be successful from a viewpoint of galaxy formation.
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11.49995
8.308857
1993-04-01
28
1993ApJ...406..361U
[ "galaxy formation", "smaller scales", "initial density fluctuations", "sight relative peculiar velocity dispersion", "pancakes", "X-ray luminosities", "galaxies", "fragmentation", "HDM)dominated universe", "numerous lumps" ]
[ "Cosmology", "Dark Matter", "Fragmentation", "Galactic Evolution", "Hydrodynamic Equations", "Baryons", "Galactic Rotation", "Intergalactic Media", "Nonlinear Evolution Equations", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "HYDRODYNAMICS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172447" ]
[ "Umemura, Masayuki" ]
[ "Princeton Univ. Observatory, NJ" ]
[ "1993ApJ...419..459U", "1993MsT...........B", "1993PASJ...45..311U", "1995ApJ...438...27H", "1996MNRAS.278.1005S", "1996PThPh..96.1073S", "1997ApJ...484..608N", "1997MNRAS.286..384T", "1999ApJ...515..239N", "1999sf99.proc...28N", "2000ApJ...529..615K", "2000ApJ...537..578S", "2000PASJ...52..727H", "2001ApJ...548...19N", "2002ApJ...569..549N", "2002PThPS.147...99N", "2003IAUS..208..349N", "2004ApJ...600....1S", "2004ApJ...610L...5S", "2006MNRAS.371.1057I", "2007ApJ...659..908S", "2008ApJ...684..226S", "2009ApJ...702..480S", "2009MNRAS.400.1283I", "2010MNRAS.407.2632H", "2011IAUS..270..195S", "2019JFM...859..362D", "2021MNRAS.506.2336D" ]
[ "1968ApJ...151..459S", "1970A&A.....5...84Z", "1970ApJ...162..815P", "1972A&A....20..189S", "1976Ap&SS..45....3P", "1977MNRAS.181..375G", "1979ARA&A..17..135F", "1980ApJ...238..471R", "1980MNRAS.192..321D", "1980PhLB...94..266L", "1980PhRvL..45.1980B", "1981ApJ...243L.127O", "1981MNRAS.194..201W", "1981MNRAS.197..167P", "1981MNRAS.197..967J", "1982ac...proc..233G", "1983ApJ...264...59M", "1983ApJ...266...41D", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJ...271..417F", "1983ApJ...274..152V", "1983ApJ...274..443B", "1983ApJ...275..413S", "1983JCoPh..52..374M", "1983MNRAS.202..595M", "1983MNRAS.204..715G", "1983Natur.305..196C", "1984ApJ...277..470P", "1984ApJ...281..493Y", "1984ApJ...283....1D", "1984MNRAS.210..515B", "1984Natur.311..517B", "1984Natur.312..427U", "1984PThPh..72...47U", "1984PThPh..72..216I", "1984PhRvL..53.1292S", "1985A&A...149..135M", "1985ApJ...289...81R", "1985ApJ...289..540H", "1985ApJ...299..577A", "1985ApJ...299..583U", "1985ApJ...299L..71B", "1985ApJS...57..205S", "1985ComAp..11...53F", "1985PASJ...37..461T", "1986ApJ...303L..27J", "1986ApJ...306L..55H", "1986ApJ...310..583S", "1986ApJS...61..249W", "1986JCoPh..62..414L", "1987ARA&A..25..425T", "1987ApJ...312..485I", "1987ApJ...319..601U", "1987ApJ...321L...1G", "1987ApJ...322..142S", "1987ApJ...323L...7Y", "1987PThPh..78.1051M", "1987PThPh..78.1273M", "1988ApJ...326..539B", "1988ApJ...328...34B", "1988ApJ...331L..63B", "1988ApJ...333...24C", "1988IAUS..130...37R", "1988IAUS..130..427U", "1988Natur.333..335E", "1989ApJ...347..575S", "1989ApJS...70..419H", "1989PhDT.......221H", "1990ApJ...354L..37M", "1990ApJ...356...32D", "1990nmns.work..269B", "1991ASSL..169..495K", "1991ApJ...375..177M", "1991ApJ...376...51W", "1991ApJ...376L..29Y", "1991ApJS...77....1L", "1991Natur.350..135K", "1991PhRvL..67.3328U", "1992ApJ...399..331C" ]
1873916
null
The Optical Jet in Markarian 463
Hubble Space Telescope images of Markarian 463, an interacting Seyfert 2 galaxy, reveal an optical jet 0.84 arcsec long at position angle PA~182^deg^ originating at the Seyfert nucleus. The jet terminates at a radio point source 1.2 arcsec from the nucleus. Previous polarization observations and our filter photometry suggests that the jet may be the reflection of the hidden Seyfert 1 nucleus previously found in this galaxy.
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15.203921
7.868632
1993-04-01
21
1993AJ....105.1308U
[ "Hubble Space Telescope images", "Previous polarization observations", "position angle", "Markarian", "the Seyfert nucleus", "the hidden Seyfert 1 nucleus", "an interacting Seyfert 2 galaxy", "an optical jet 0.84 arcsec", "a radio point source 1.2 arcsec", "our filter photometry" ]
[ "Galactic Nuclei", "Interacting Galaxies", "Plasma Jets", "Polarized Electromagnetic Radiation", "Seyfert Galaxies", "Astronomical Photometry", "Cameras", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Light Scattering", "Oxygen Spectra", "Radio Astronomy", "Radio Jets (Astronomy)", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: MARKARIAN 463", "GALAXIES: JETS" ]
2
[ "10.1086/116510" ]
[ "Uomoto, Alan", "Caganoff, Saul", "Ford, H. C.", "Rosenblatt, E. I.", "Antonucci, R. R. J.", "Evans, I. N.", "Cohen, Ross D." ]
[ "Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD", "Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD", "Johns Hopkins Univ; Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD", "California Univ., La Jolla", "California Univ., Santa Barbara", "Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD", "California Univ., La Jolla" ]
[ "1994ASPC...54....3E", "1994ApJ...422..521G", "1994ApJ...430..196K", "1995A&A...298..343C", "1995ASPC...71..229C", "1995ApJ...440..578T", "1996ApJ...463..498S", "1996ApJ...466..713N", "1996MNRAS.281.1206Y", "1996PASJ...48..389U", "1998ApJ...492..116S", "1998ApJ...500..660T", "1999ApJ...518..117K", "2000MNRAS.314..573T", "2001ApJ...550..230L", "2001ApJS..136...61S", "2001MNRAS.326.1333F", "2003ApJ...591..714W", "2009ApJ...698L.121Y", "2012MNRAS.420..878K", "2024arXiv240613021B" ]
[ "1977BAAS....9..647W", "1980ApJ...239L..11O", "1981ApJ...250...55S", "1981Natur.294..319S", "1984A&A...138...49L", "1985ApJ...297..621A", "1985Natur.314..425F", "1986ApJ...302..296K", "1986MNRAS.219..387U", "1988AJ.....96..841N", "1988ApJ...328L..35S", "1989AJ.....97.1306H", "1989ApJ...347...68E", "1990ApJ...355..456M", "1991A&A...252..458R", "1991AJ....102.1241M", "1991PhDT........50B" ]
1895300
null
Stromgren and H-beta photometry of OB associations and open clusters - II. TR 16 and CAR OB2.
Strömgren and Hβ photometry of 50 stars in the fields of Tr 16 and Car OB2 is presented. The colour excesses, the distances, the luminosities and the temperatures of the stars have been obtained. The masses and the ages of the stars investigated are also estimated, based on the Maeder &amp; Meynet models. Some arguments are put forward to suggest that Tr 16 and Car OB 2 are a projection of blue stars on the same area rather than physically related systems. The higher surface density of blue stars in this direction is due to the unique position of this region. This is the only place in the Galaxy where the line of sight is parallel to the arm ridge.
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9.272446
10.28782
1993-04-01
20
1993MNRAS.261..847K
[ "blue stars", "Hβ photometry", "Meynet models", "sight", "Galaxy", "amp", "50 stars", "the stars", "Hβ", "Strömgren" ]
[ "stars: distances - stars: early-type - stars: fundamental parameters - open clusters and associations: individual: Tr 16 - open clusters and associations: individual: Car OB2" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.4.847" ]
[ "Kaltcheva, N. T.", "Georgiev, L. N." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1994MNRAS.269..289K", "1996A&AS..117..313R", "1997ApJ...489..319S", "1998A&AS..128..309K", "1999ASPC..189..252K", "1999IBVS.4775....1A", "2000A&A...360.1003R", "2001A&A...369..561F", "2001ASPC..233...39S", "2001ASPC..242..195F", "2001MNRAS.326.1149R", "2001NewAR..45..135V", "2003MNRAS.339...44T", "2004ApJ...606..497G", "2005MNRAS.359..688N", "2008hsf2.book..138S", "2009PASP..121.1326K", "2010A&A...514A..59K", "2011ApJS..194...10P", "2023A&A...671A.139P" ]
[ "1960ZA.....51...49B", "1963PASP...75..492F", "1963stev.conf..297G", "1966ARA&A...4..433S", "1969MNRAS.143..273F", "1970IAUS...38..265S", "1971A&A....14..120T", "1973A&AS...12..331F", "1973ApJ...179..517W", "1974PhDT........33T", "1975AJ.....80..955C", "1975PASP...87..481C", "1976A&AS...24..389F", "1976AJ.....81..155C", "1976ApJ...203..417C", "1976ApJ...208..923H", "1977MNRAS.178..651D", "1978AJ.....83...48C", "1978AJ.....83.1199F", "1978ApJS...38..309H", "1979AJ.....84.1858C", "1979MNRAS.187P..73S", "1980A&AS...41...93T", "1980GAM....19.....D", "1980MNRAS.192..283T", "1981ARA&A..19..295B", "1983AJ.....88..825Z", "1983MNRAS.204..241H", "1984A&AS...57..443O", "1984MNRAS.211..375B", "1985MNRAS.216..127K", "1988A&AS...76..411M", "1988Ap&SS.143..317G", "1988ApJ...331..181G", "1988MNSSA..47...69K", "1990A&AS...86..209V", "1991MNRAS.249....1T", "1992MNRAS.259..166K" ]
1898600
null
The Optical Structure of the Radio Galaxy Hercules A
We present broad band images of the optical counterpart to the very strong radio source Hercules A. Through morphological analysis we have been able to identify this source as a cD galaxy with a double nucleus with a nuclear separation of approximately 4 arcsec. We also find a low luminosity tail coming from the NW end of the cD. There is a slight knot near the center of this extension which may imply that this tail may be a companion galaxy, or perhaps that the knot is just a very faint foreground star. We discuss the morphological and other properties of this radio galaxy. (SECTION: Galaxies)
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15.113412
6.005029
1993-04-01
16
1993PASP..105..379S
[ "Galaxies", "morphological analysis", "broad band images", "this radio galaxy", "a low luminosity tail", "a cD galaxy", "a companion galaxy", "a slight knot", "the very strong radio source", "a double nucleus" ]
[ "Galactic Nuclei", "Radio Galaxies", "Galactic Structure", "Image Processing", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CD", "GALAXIES: PECULIAR" ]
0
[ "10.1086/133165" ]
[ "Sadun, A. C.", "Hayes, J. J. E." ]
[ "Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA", "Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD" ]
[ "1994MNRAS.268...79W", "1996ApJ...465L...5B", "1996MNRAS.278..265M", "1996MNRAS.279.1331S", "1998AJ....115...37C", "1999A&A...350...25S", "1999NewAR..43..639G", "2000MNRAS.317..120R", "2002AJ....123.2312S", "2002ApJ...579..176S", "2002PASA...19...69G", "2002evn..conf..159G", "2004MNRAS.350..865G", "2006ApJS..164..307M", "2008ApJ...686..843N", "2013ApJ...771...38O" ]
[ "1957IAUS....4..107M", "1959VV....C......0V", "1962ApJ...135..679G", "1963ApJ...137..153M", "1964ApJ...140...35M", "1965AJ.....70T.689R", "1966ApJS...14....1A", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1977ApJ...218..333K", "1978AJ.....83...73S", "1980ApJ...235..421M", "1984ApJ...276...26M", "1984Natur.308...43D", "1985PhDT.........2D", "1986ApJ...307...97A", "1988ApJ...333..567B", "1988Natur.333..640M", "1989MNRAS.238..357O", "1989MNRAS.240..129Y" ]
1895341
null
Dark matter, not magnetism
Battaner et al. (1992) argued that IMFs can significantly affect the circular motion of gas in spiral galaxies and explain their observed flat rotation curves. This interpretation of galaxy kinematics challenges the conventional dark matter (DM) picture. However, the evidence for DM in galaxies is not restricted to gas motions. Measurements of velocity differences within galaxy pairs (not based on gas rotation and hence not affected by magnetic fields) imply the existence of massive halos, whose properties are in total agreement with those derived from the DM interpretation of the observed rotation curves. On the other hand, the predictions of the magnetic-field, no-DM scenario cannot be reconciled with observations of pairwise galaxy dynamics. We discuss the above opposing views of galaxy kinematics. After giving substantial support to the conventional view that DM plays the key dynamical role on galactic scales, we turn the argument devised to test the Battaner et al. theory into a powerful tool to investigate the properties of DM haloes on scales of several hundred kpc.
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10.707484
5.853399
1993-04-01
10
1993MNRAS.261L..21P
[ "galaxy kinematics", "DM", "galaxy pairs", "spiral galaxies", "pairwise galaxy dynamics", "galaxies", "gas rotation", "Battaner et al", "magnetic fields", "gas motions" ]
[ "Dark Matter", "Gas Dynamics", "Interstellar Magnetic Fields", "Spiral Galaxies", "Doppler Effect", "Interstellar Gas", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.1.L21" ]
[ "Persic, Massimo", "Salucci, Paolo" ]
[ "SISSA; Osservatorio Astronomico, Trieste, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy" ]
[ "1994A&A...285...79P", "1994ApJ...435..599Z", "1994ApJ...437..179V", "1994RMxAA..28...35S", "1994clga.conf....3C", "1995MNRAS.277.1129B", "1996A&A...307....1B", "1997Ap&SS.249..223S", "2004ApJ...607..247S", "2014A&A...568A.104E" ]
[ "1980MNRAS.193..295F", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983MNRAS.203..701W", "1984AJ.....89.1310D", "1985ApJ...289...81R", "1988MNRAS.234..131P", "1989ApJ...345..759Z", "1989MNRAS.237..247S", "1990MNRAS.245..577P", "1990bdm..proc..137G", "1991AJ....101.1231C", "1991ApJ...375..517C", "1991ApJ...379...89S", "1991MNRAS.253..710V", "1992Natur.360..624B", "1992Natur.360..652B", "1992PhDT.......258B", "1992mpcg.work..163P", "1993MNRAS.260..610A" ]
1895298
null
Do Galactic Potential Wells Depend on Their Largescale Environment
We study the dependence of the intrinsic velocities of galaxies on their large-scale environment, using a cross-correlation technique that provides an objective way of defining the local overdensity of `trace' galaxies around `target' galaxies. We use galaxies in optical (CfA and SSRS) and IRAS redshift surveys as tracers of the density field, and about 1000 spiral galaxies with measured circular velocities and elliptical galaxies with measured velocity dispersion as `targets'. We find that the correlation function tends to increase with circular velocity, the trend being weak except in the case of cD-like elliptical galaxies with the highest velocity dispersions (σ &gt;~ 300 km s^-1^), where the effect is strong, possibly due to morphological segregations in clusters of galaxies. A fit to the mean overdensity δ(r &lt; r_p_) of the trace galaxies (in spheres of radius r_p_) around target galaxies as a function of the circular velocities V_c_ shows a weak increase of δ with v_c_, with slope {DELTA}δ(r&lt;~3.6 h^-1^ Mpc)/{DELTA}V_c_ &lt;~ 0.02. The observed weak correlation is contrasted with the strong dependence of the correlation functions of dark haloes on their circular velocities predicted in some (e.g. high-biasing cold dark matter) models for galaxy formation. In particular, our results are inconsistent with the prediction of the `natural' (high) biasing model at a high significance level. Comparison of our results with those of a simple biasing model suggests that either the observed circular velocities of galaxies are not simply related to the circular velocities of dark haloes, or most dark haloes were formed at high redshifts, or the galaxy distribution does not trace the matter distribution in a simple way.
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11.921575
3.360289
1993-04-01
5
1993MNRAS.261..895M
[ "target galaxies", "elliptical galaxies", "galaxies", "galaxy formation", "circular velocity", "measured circular velocities", "measured velocity dispersion", "high redshifts", "dark haloes", "IRAS redshift surveys" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/261.4.895" ]
[ "Mo, H. J.", "Lahav, O." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1994A&A...284..703J", "1994MNRAS.267..129M", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996MNRAS.283..709H", "2000astro.ph..5323S" ]
[ "1936rene.book.....H", "1976ApJ...208...13D", "1977A&A....54..661T", "1977ApJ...214L...1S", "1977ApJ...215..703S", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1982ApJ...258...64A", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJS...52...89H", "1984ApJ...281...95P", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984MNRAS.210P..19B", "1986ApJ...300...77G", "1986ApJ...301...70R", "1986ApJ...302..536A", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986MNRAS.219..457E", "1987ApJ...313...42D", "1987ApJ...320...13M", "1987IAUS..124..363X", "1987MNRAS.227....1K", "1987MNRAS.229..621P", "1987Natur.330..451W", "1988A&A...206L..11A", "1988ApJ...327..507F", "1988ApJ...331L..59H", "1988ApJ...333L...9D", "1988ApJ...333L..45W", "1988IAUS..130...43K", "1988MNRAS.231..635L", "1988MNRAS.234...37E", "1988MNRAS.235..715E", "1988ang..book.....T", "1989ApJ...338..654A", "1989ApJ...345L...1S", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1990A&A...227..324B", "1990ApJ...350..119L", "1990ApJ...354...18B", "1991ApJ...368...60P", "1991ApJ...378L..37J", "1991ApJS...75..935D", "1991MNRAS.253..584L", "1992ApJ...385..421S", "1992ApJ...387....9S", "1992ApJ...392..452M", "1992ApJ...396..430L", "1992MNRAS.255..382M", "1992MNRAS.258..134S", "1993MNRAS.260..121M" ]
1875489
null
Chemical and Luminosity Evolution, and Counts of Galaxies in a Merger Model
A merger model is applied to the chemical and luminosity evolution of galaxies. Two aspects are focused on. The first is the problem of abundance ratios as a function of metallicity. The second is related to the luminosity evolution of galaxies. In relation to the former, we calculate the evolution of several chemical elements exploring a broad space of possible star formation rates, including those derived using phenomenological arguments from a multiple merger galaxy formation scenario. We are able to reproduce the observed plateau in the ratio of the abundances of oxygen to iron versus metallicity as a direct consequence of one of the merging SFR used; we have utilized a standard Type II supernovae nucleosynthesis scenario coupled with a reasonable binary model for Type Ia supernovae and its consequent nucleosynthetic yields. Following the consequent luminosity effects in a straightforward way enables the estimation of the evolution of bolometric luminosity. We have used our recently developed code for photometric evolution of galaxies to make a preliminary computation of the number-magnitude relationship, assuming a standard picture of galaxy evolution, in the B and K bands.
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11.401681
7.196509
1993-04-01
6
1993ApJ...407..510C
[ "galaxy evolution", "photometric evolution", "abundance ratios", "Type Ia supernovae", "galaxies", "possible star formation rates", "several chemical elements", "bolometric luminosity", "a multiple merger galaxy formation scenario", "a standard Type II supernovae nucleosynthesis scenario" ]
[ "Astronomical Models", "Chemical Evolution", "Galactic Evolution", "Interacting Galaxies", "Luminosity", "Abundance", "Mathematical Models", "Metallicity", "Star Formation", "Supernovae", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "STARS: FORMATION" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172532" ]
[ "Colin, P.", "Schramm, D. N." ]
[ "Chicago Univ; NASA/Fermilab Astrophysics Center, Batavia, I; Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coyoacan", "Chicago Univ; NASA/Fermilab Astrophysics Center, Batavia, IL" ]
[ "1994ApJ...424..181C", "1994ApJ...426..459C", "1995A&A...295..335C", "1995ApJS...98..617T", "1996ApJ...456..478F", "1997AN....318..339C" ]
[ "1957RvMP...29..547B", "1962ApJ...136..748E", "1963ApJ...137..758S", "1972gcpa.book.....W", "1973ApJ...184L..47A", "1978ApJ...219.1008A", "1979ApJS...41..513M", "1980ApJ...242..242T", "1980FCPh....5..287T", "1982ena..conf...23C", "1983A&A...118..217G", "1983ARA&A..21..271I", "1984ApJ...286..644N", "1985ApJ...294..674C", "1985ApJ...299..745W", "1985pdce.work..131N", "1986A&A...154..279M", "1986ApJ...311..610Y", "1986FCPh...11....1S", "1986ninp.proc..145W", "1986ninp.proc..243C", "1986seg..work..195R", "1987A&A...178..179G", "1987A&A...184..104R", "1987ApJ...315L..77W", "1987ip...symp...87K", "1987sbge.proc..401D", "1988A&A...191..121B", "1988A&A...199..269H", "1988A&A...204..193G", "1988ARA&A..26..561S", "1988ApJ...326....1Y", "1989A&A...209..211M", "1989ARA&A..27..279W", "1989ARA&A..27..555G", "1989ApJ...339L..25A", "1989ApJ...344..567T", "1989ApJ...345..752E", "1990A&A...227..362G", "1990ApJ...350..505C", "1990ApJ...359...57A", "1990ApJ...359L...1C", "1990ApJ...361L...1F", "1990MNRAS.247P...1M", "1990aadm.conf..365S", "1990ismg.conf..387W", "1991ApJ...367..126C", "1991ApJ...367L..55G", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991MNRAS.249..498M", "1992ApJ...389..251B", "1992ApJ...391..569Y", "1992ApJ...391..651B", "1992ApJ...397....5C", "1993ApJ...404..468M" ]
1896300
null
Supernova brightens the horizon
Astronomy, as opportunistic a discipline as can be imagined, has been electrified by the lucky appearance of a supernova in a nearby galaxy. The spirit of 1987 is reborn.
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3.635678
4.847856
1993-04-01
1
1993Natur.362..585P
[ "Astronomy", "the lucky appearance", "opportunistic a discipline", "a nearby galaxy", "a supernova", "The spirit", "1987" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1038/362585a0" ]
[ "Pease, Roland" ]
[ "-" ]
[ "2004PASJ...56S...1K" ]
null
1896307
null
Implications of the Copernican principle for our future prospects
Making only the assumption that you are a random intelligent observer, limits for the total longevity of our species of 0.2 million to 8 million years can be derived at the 95% confidence level. Further consideration indicates that we are unlikely to colonize the Galaxy, and that we are likely to have a higher population than the median for intelligent species.
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12.753952
12.975124
1993-05-01
110
1993Natur.363..315G
[ "intelligent species", "Further consideration", "Galaxy", "limits", "a random intelligent observer", "the total longevity", "a higher population", "the 95% confidence level", "our species", "the Galaxy" ]
[ "Milky Way Galaxy", "Project Seti", "Space Colonies", "Astronomical Models", "Delta Function", "Extraterrestrial Intelligence", "Space Sciences (General)" ]
4
[ "10.1038/363315a0" ]
[ "Gott, J. R., III" ]
[ "Princeton Univ., NJ" ]
[ "1994Natur.368..106G", "1994Natur.368..108G", "1994PASP..106....1T", "1994SpPol..10..307H", "1994pbd..book.....S", "1995ApJ...452...82C", "1995MNRAS.274..793B", "1996SpPol..12...45C", "1997Natur.387..842G", "1997Natur.389..779L", "1997RvMP...69..337A", "1998CQGra..15.2719G", "1998PhRvD..58b3501G", "1998PhRvL..81.5501V", "1998bhhe.conf..205V", "1999IJTP...38.3135V", "1999NCimB.114..281F", "1999PhRvD..60b3501G", "1999PhRvD..61b3503G", "2000Ap&SS.274..675C", "2000ApJ...531...22K", "2000ConPh..41..143C", "2000PhRvD..61h3507V", "2001PhLA..280..309L", "2001PhRvD..64b3507G", "2001PhRvD..64d3511G", "2001gr.qc....10002C", "2002gr.qc.....8038E", "2003gr.qc.....3070O", "2004FoPh...34..239C", "2005ARA&A..43...31C", "2005NYASA1065..325G", "2006RpMP...57...13B", "2006cic..book..173C", "2006math......8592N", "2007HiA....14...14T", "2007NewSc.195...51G", "2007RiskA..27.1335M", "2008OLEB...38..535C", "2008PhRvD..77d3526G", "2008PhRvD..78f3535P", "2008SPIE.7016E..02I", "2010AJ....139.2052M", "2010MSAIS..15..219B", "2010PhRvL.105w5002U", "2011AcAau..68..476V", "2011EPJC...71.1740Y", "2011PhRvD..83j3001B", "2011arXiv1108.4990V", "2012ApJ...749..159N", "2012IJAsB..11....3C", "2012IJAsB..11...51H", "2012arXiv1209.6251G", "2013JCAP...05..013G", "2013RiskA..33.1772T", "2014JBIS...67..447A", "2014Pbio...40..584A", "2014SHPMP..46..122S", "2015EaFut...3...82W", "2015P&SS..117..356L", "2015PhRvD..91j3534A", "2015arXiv150801017G", "2016GReGr..48....2T", "2016Icar..267..217L", "2016MNRAS.456L..59S", "2016PhRvD..93d3506A", "2016WIRCC...7..125W", "2016arXiv160805776H", "2016arXiv160905931L", "2016arXiv161103072S", "2017AJ....154....4P", "2017AJ....154...64M", "2017ApJ...848...41L", "2017MNRAS.468.2803S", "2017arXiv170200850C", "2017arXiv170205630S", "2018IJAsB..17...77H", "2018IJAsB..17..177W", "2018PASP..130e4101G", "2019AsBio..19...28L", "2019IJAsB..18..183W", "2019IJAsB..18..393H", "2019IJAsB..18..495E", "2019NatSR...911054S", "2019PLoSO..1413190K", "2020AJ....159...85H", "2020AcCrD..76..400B", "2020ApJ...896...58W", "2020Ge&Ae..60.1017V", "2020IJAsB..19..101C", "2020IJAsB..19..430K", "2020NatSR..1012795T", "2020PhRvR...2c3464G", "2020Univ....6..109K", "2021AJ....162..220T", "2021MNRAS.501L..76K", "2021arXiv210104118S", "2021arXiv210801690S", "2022ApJ...927L..30W", "2022AsBio..22.1443M", "2022IJAsB..21..212E", "2023AJ....165..199G", "2023AcAau.212...95G", "2023ComEE...4..372C", "2023IJAsB..22..354L", "2023IJAsB..22..428M", "2023arXiv231108698M", "2024ApJ...964..105S", "2024NatSR..14.8552S", "2024NewA..10602126S" ]
[ "1948Natur.162..774A", "1948PhRv...74..505G", "1960Sci...131.1667D", "1961Natur.192..440D", "1963S&T....26..258C", "1965ApJ...142..419P", "1973Icar...19..341C", "1975PNAS...72..646S", "1979Natur.278..605C", "1979RvMP...51..447D", "1981PhRvD..23..347G", "1983RSPTA.310..347C", "1986Sci...231.1528R", "1986acp..book.....B", "1987Natur.325...31C", "1990ApJ...354L..37M", "1990uoam.book.....S", "1992iaot.book.....D" ]
1896333
null
Hot gas and dark matter in a compact galaxy group
COMPACT groups of galaxies have such high apparent densities that their members are separated in projection by only a few galactic radii, making them the most promising environment in the low-redshift Universe for studying the effects of galaxy merging. But the dynamical and evolutionary status of these groups is still subject to considerable uncertainty<SUP>1-3</SUP>, partly because of the bias introduced by the selection criteria used to identify them<SUP>4</SUP>. Using the Rosat X-ray telescope<SUP>5</SUP>, we have detected a large cloud of hot gas centred on the compact group HCG62. From the properties of this gas, rather than the galaxies themselves, we are able to infer both the distribution of dark matter (which extends significantly beyond the apparent optical confines of the group and dominates its total mass) and the evolution of the group as a whole. The compact core of galaxies seems to have formed as a result of orbital decay in a much more extended system, and should culminate in a final merger within a few billion years. We suggest that a new class of 'fossil' groups, consisting of a large elliptical galaxy embedded at the centre of an extended X-ray halo, awaits discovery by Rosat.
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11.952711
6.737421
1993-05-01
149
1993Natur.363...51P
[ "COMPACT groups", "galaxy merging", "galaxies", "such high apparent densities", "hot gas", "considerable uncertainty", "an extended X-ray halo", "orbital decay", "dark matter", "a large elliptical galaxy" ]
[ "Dark Matter", "Galactic Clusters", "High Temperature Gases", "Interacting Galaxies", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Galactic Evolution", "Molecular Clouds", "Rosat Mission", "X Ray Sources", "X Ray Spectra", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1038/363051a0" ]
[ "Ponman, T. J.", "Bertram, D." ]
[ "Birmingham Univ., United Kingdom", "Birmingham Univ., United Kingdom" ]
[ "1993ApJ...416...17B", "1994A&A...290...49G", "1994AJ....107..868D", "1994AJ....107.1623R", "1994ARA&A..32..277F", "1994ARA&A..32..531C", "1994ApJ...421L..63H", "1994ApJ...427..684M", "1994ApJ...428..544D", "1994ApJ...429..531S", "1994ApJ...433..583W", "1994ApJ...436...44E", "1994ApJ...436L.115W", "1994ApJ...437L.103M", "1994ApJS...93...47D", "1994Natur.368..828B", "1994Natur.369..462P", "1994PASP..106....1T", "1994PASP..106..413R", "1995A&A...298..420S", "1995A&A...298..699F", "1995A&A...301..348S", "1995AJ....109.1476P", "1995AJ....109.2293D", "1995AJ....110...46D", "1995AJ....110..502D", "1995ApJ...441..182K", "1995ApJ...442...57H", "1995ApJ...443..514P", "1995ApJ...444..582D", "1995ApJ...444L..61O", "1995ApJ...445..578D", "1995ApJ...445..607G", "1995ApJ...447L..81B", "1995ApJ...449..422H", "1995ApJ...449..550D", "1995ApL&C..31..321S", "1995IAUS..164..227C", "1995MNRAS.273L..15R", "1995MNRAS.275...77G", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1995MNRAS.277.1006E", "1995NYASA.759...67B", "1995NuPhS..38..405D", "1995PhRvL..75.3052D", "1996AJ....112.1390V", "1996APh.....4..343D", "1996ApJ...456...80M", "1996ApJ...456L...5M", "1996ApJ...457..616H", "1996ApJ...458...18G", "1996ApJ...460...10L", "1996ApJ...460..601D", "1996ApJ...461..127M", "1996ApJ...465..515H", "1996ApJ...465..666H", "1996ApJ...473..692D", "1996ApL&C..33..197S", "1996MNRAS.279.1331S", "1996MNRAS.283..690P", "1996PASJ...48..395F", "1997A&A...321..409V", "1997A&A...322...89P", "1997A&A...325..473H", "1997A&A...327...27T", "1997AJ....114..613D", "1997ARA&A..35..357H", "1997ASPC..116..469B", "1997ASPC..117..530V", "1997ApJ...478..107P", "1997ApJ...482..640S", "1997ApJ...484L..11D", "1997ApJ...485..439B", "1997ApJ...485L..17P", "1997ApL&C..36..223M", "1997MNRAS.289..955K", "1997PASJ...49..445A", "1998A&A...330...37L", "1998A&A...330..423R", "1998A&A...334...71S", "1998AN....319...73I", "1998ApJ...496...39Z", "1998ApJ...496...73M", "1998ApJ...503...77M", "1999A&A...352....1D", "1999Ap&SS.267..251C", "1999ApJ...514..133M", "1999ApJ...516..604H", "1999MNRAS.304..829P", "1999MNRAS.305..325F", "2000A&A...361..429R", "2000AJ....120.2355N", "2000ARA&A..38..289M", "2000ASPC..209..100N", "2000ASPC..209..174M", "2000ASPC..209..245A", "2000ASPC..209..360E", "2000ApJ...529..682D", "2000ApJ...532...17L", "2000ApJ...532..694N", "2000ApJ...536...73N", "2000ApJ...539..172B", "2000MNRAS.312..139J", "2000MNRAS.315..356H", "2000MNRAS.315..689L", "2000MNRAS.319..933H", "2000PASP..112..148D", "2001ASPC..251..472N", "2001ApJ...546L..87F", "2001MNRAS.324..859B", "2002PASJ...54..527F", "2003ApJS..145...39M", "2003MNRAS.345.1241S", "2003astro.ph..2267M", "2004AJ....127.1811L", "2004AJ....127.3213M", "2004MNRAS.348.1355B", "2004MNRAS.354..935O", "2004cgpc.symp..353M", "2006ApJ...646..143F", "2006ApJ...649..649J", "2006PASJ...58..719M", "2007ApJ...670L..93M", "2007MNRAS.380.1409O", "2007MNRAS.382..433D", "2008ApJ...684..204V", "2008MNRAS.386.2345V", "2008PASJ...60S.317T", "2009AJ....137.3942L", "2009AJ....138..502M", "2009MNRAS.392..525Z", "2010ASPC..421..225L", "2010ApJ...714..758G", "2010MNRAS.402..127S", "2011ApJ...732...95G", "2011MNRAS.417.2927P", "2012AJ....144...48H", "2012MNRAS.422.3010L", "2014A&A...571A..49G", "2014MNRAS.444..629R", "2015MNRAS.454..161K", "2018A&A...609A.133C", "2019ApJ...870..132W", "2019MNRAS.484.4113K", "2021MNRAS.503.6059P", "2021Univ....7..132A", "2021Univ....7..208G", "2021Univ....7..303H", "2024IJAA...14...85H" ]
[ "1982ApJ...255..382H", "1984ApJ...276...38J", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1985MNRAS.215..517B", "1986RvMP...58....1S", "1987ApJ...312..503C", "1987ApJ...321..622M", "1987ApJ...322..605S", "1988ApJ...331...64H", "1988ApJ...331L..69H", "1989ApJ...339..772R", "1989ApJS...70..687H", "1989Natur.338..123B", "1990ApJ...356...32D", "1991ApJ...376...23E", "1991ApJ...383..542Z", "1991MNRAS.252..428E", "1992ApJ...393..819S", "1992ApJS...79...77S", "1992MNRAS.258..738W", "1993ApJ...404L...9M", "1993Natur.361..111S" ]
1424117
null
VLBI Observations of a Complete Sample of Radio Galaxies. II. The Parsec-Scale Structure of NGC 315
We present multifrequency radio observations of the low-luminosity (Fanaroff-Riley type 1) radio galaxy NGC 315 at parsec resolution. The observations were obtained at 1.6,5, and 8.4 GHz with the European and US VLBI networks. In addition VLA observations were used to obtain arcsec resolution maps at the same frequencies. The radio morphology of NGC 315 is asymmetric at milliarcsec resolution. It shows nuclear emission with a core size of 0.05 pc, and a one-sided jet. We place a limit on the milliarcsec jet to counterjet brightness ratio of B_jet_/B_cjet_ &gt;= 50 at 1.6 GHz. At arcsec resolution we see a counterjet which is shorter and much more diffuse than the main jet. We derive a spectral index profile at parsec resolution, and estimate the physical conditions in the parsec-scale jet. If we assume that the parsec-scale asymmetry is caused by Doppler boosting of an intrinsically identical jet-counterjet pair, the derived brightness ratio gives β cos θ &gt;~ 0.54, which gives an angle a between the source axis and the line of sight &lt;~ 58^deg^. However, Doppler boosting cannot account for the asymmetry observed on the arcsec scale, given the much lower velocity flow estimated for the arcsec jet. This, together with the lack of any visible motion of the features in the maps at different epochs, suggests that an intrinsic asymmetry in the nuclear engine of NGC 315 is likely to be responsible for the observed radio asymmetry.
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15.735578
5.929547
1993-05-01
58
1993ApJ...408...81V
[ "arcsec resolution maps", "parsec resolution", "arcsec resolution", "counterjet brightness ratio", "multifrequency radio observations", "milliarcsec resolution", "radio galaxy", "VLA observations", "nuclear emission", "NGC" ]
[ "Galactic Structure", "Radio Astronomy", "Radio Galaxies", "Radio Jets (Astronomy)", "Very Long Base Interferometry", "Galactic Nuclei", "Very Large Array (Vla)", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL NGC NUMBER: NGC 315", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES", "TECHNIQUES: INTERFEROMETRIC" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172571" ]
[ "Venturi, T.", "Giovannini, G.", "Feretti, L.", "Comoretto, G.", "Wehrle, A. E." ]
[ "CNR, Ist. di Radioastronomia, Bologna, Italy", "CNR, Ist. di Radioastronomia; Bologna Univ., Italy", "CNR, Ist. di Radioastronomia; Bologna Univ., Italy", "Arcetri, Osservatorio Astrofisico, Florence, Italy", "California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena" ]
[ "1994ASPC...54..247V", "1994AZh....71..697K", "1994ApJ...422..542B", "1994ApJ...427..134W", "1994ApJ...430..467V", "1994ApJ...435..116G", "1994AuJPh..47..669B", "1995ApJ...454..735V", "1995ApJS..101...29B", "1995MNRAS.274..393M", "1995PASA...12....3M", "1995PASP..107..803U", "1996ASPC..100..241L", "1996MNRAS.278..273H", "1997A&A...323...71C", "1997A&A...328...78S", "1997ApJ...474..179L", "1998AJ....115..960T", "1998ApJ...496..196U", "1999A&A...342..378G", "1999AJ....118.2592V", "1999ASSL..234..247S", "1999ApJ...519..108C", "1999ApJ...525..673B", "1999MNRAS.302L..60S", "1999MNRAS.309..100I", "1999MNRAS.310...30C", "2000A&A...361..480D", "2000A&A...363...84V", "2000AJ....120.2950X", "2000MNRAS.314...11B", "2002A&A...392...53N", "2002AJ....123.3018M", "2002MNRAS.336..328L", "2003MNRAS.338..176H", "2003MNRAS.343L..73W", "2004A&A...413...97G", "2004MNRAS.350.1342C", "2004MNRAS.352..673A", "2005A&A...435..521N", "2005MNRAS.356..225A", "2005MNRAS.363.1223C", "2006MNRAS.367.1751Y", "2006MNRAS.368...48L", "2007ApJ...671L.105G", "2011ApJ...732...95G", "2012A&A...539A.104Y", "2012MNRAS.420.2715C", "2014A&A...569A..26H", "2015ApJS..217...13M", "2019MNRAS.482.2294B", "2019MNRAS.488..939P", "2019MNRAS.489.2488K", "2020MNRAS.492.4120D", "2021ApJ...908...19B", "2021ApJ...909...76P", "2021ApJ...919..137T", "2023JApA...44...13D" ]
[ "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1978AJ.....83..704B", "1978ApJ...223...25R", "1979ApJ...228L...9B", "1981A&A....95..250W", "1981A&A...101..194E", "1981ARA&A..19..373K", "1981ApJ...243..700K", "1981ApJ...244..436L", "1982ApJ...254..465L", "1982MNRAS.200.1067O", "1983A&A...120..297E", "1984A&A...139...55F", "1985AJ.....90..183E", "1985ApJ...297..621A", "1986ApJ...305..109B", "1986ApJ...309L...5J", "1986ApJ...311L..63C", "1987A&AS...71...75J", "1987ApJ...316..546W", "1987slrs.work....1P", "1987slrs.work..280M", "1988A&A...199...73G", "1988ApJ...328..600H", "1988LNP...307...19K", "1988LNP...307..307B", "1989ASIC..283...97A", "1989ApJ...336..112R", "1989ApJ...342..128B", "1989MNRAS.237..411S", "1990A&A...227..351D", "1990MNRAS.245..408S", "1990psrj.conf...98M", "1990psrj.conf..129V", "1990psrj.conf..323P", "1991AJ....102.1691C", "1991ASPC...19..321B", "1991BAAS...23..991P", "1992A&A...257...31B", "1992ApJ...390...46W" ]
1896372
null
Evidence that the z = 3.4 radio galaxy B2 0902+34 may be a protogalaxy
THE monochromatic luminosities of high-redshift (z &gt; 3) radio galaxies rise steeply between wavelengths of about 2,000 and 5,000 Å, to form a characteristic 'red bump'<SUP>1-6</SUP>. It is usually assumed that this bump arises from the photospheric emission of red, post-main-sequence stars. For a sufficient number of stars of this type to have evolved, however, these galaxies must be at least 0.4-2 Gyr old; yet z=3 corresponds to only 1.7 Gyr after the Big Bang (assuming a Hubble constant of 50 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP> and that Ω<SUB>0</SUB> = 1), bringing the larger age estimates uncomfortably close to the beginning of the Universe. Here we show that, at least in the case of the high-redshift radio galaxy B2 0902 + 34, the basic assumption is incorrect: the red bump is caused not by photospheric emission from post-main-sequence stars, but by the presence of bright emission lines from doubly ionized oxygen. Both the spec-trum and the luminosity of the underlying continuum suggest that B2 0902 + 34 is a galaxy observed during its initial burst of star formation.
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13.239146
6.307057
1993-05-01
43
1993Natur.363..140E
[ "photospheric emission", "bright emission lines", "star formation", "stars", "post-main-sequence stars", "red, post-main-sequence stars", "the high-redshift radio galaxy", "s", "Hubble", "z=3" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Radio Galaxies", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Red Shift", "Spectral Energy Distribution", "Star Formation", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1038/363140a0" ]
[ "Eales, Steve", "Rawlings, Steve", "Puxley, Phil", "Rocca-Volmerange, Brigitte", "Kuntz, Kip" ]
[ "Toronto Univ., Canada", "Oxford Univ., United Kingdom", "Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "CNRS, Inst. d'Astrophysique, Paris, France", "Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD" ]
[ "1993PhR...231..293S", "1993ebr..proc..237P", "1994A&A...288..103G", "1994AJ....107..480C", "1994Ap&SS.217..273R", "1994ApJ...422..562C", "1994Natur.370..325J", "1994Natur.370..347D", "1995A&A...298...77C", "1995AJ....110.1564Y", "1995ApJ...439..588L", "1995ApJ...440..191M", "1995ApJ...440..515D", "1995MNRAS.274..939L", "1996A&A...313...25V", "1996A&A...313...91D", "1996ASSL..206...25S", "1996ApJ...460...68E", "1996IAUS..168...79D", "1996IAUS..175..581D", "1996MNRAS.279..535M", "1996Natur.383..502R", "1997A&A...317..358V", "1997A&A...326..505R", "1997ApJ...482L..25F", "1997IAUS..170..341Y", "1997MNRAS.289..766H", "1997MNRAS.291..593E", "1998ApJ...502..614V", "1999A&A...341..329P", "1999ASPC..192..171W", "1999Ap&SS.269...33G", "2001ApJ...554.1001F", "2001ApJ...559..620P", "2001MNRAS.322..523R", "2002ARA&A..40..579G", "2002ApJ...576...36S", "2002MNRAS.331L..57F", "2008A&ARv..15...67M", "2008MNRAS.391..765C", "2009ApJ...694..314A", "2023A&A...676A..29C", "2024ApJ...962..187E" ]
[ "1976ApJ...203...52T", "1976ApJ...207..343M", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985ApJ...298...18F", "1987ApJ...319L..39M", "1988ApJ...333..161L", "1989ApJ...340...77L", "1989ApJ...346L..65L", "1989Natur.341..307D", "1989saes.book.....E", "1990ASPC...10..344L", "1990ASPC...10..371E", "1990ApJ...348L...1C", "1990ApJ...354L...9C", "1990ApJ...363...21C", "1990MNRAS.243P...1E", "1990MNRAS.243P...5S", "1990MNRAS.246..163T", "1990MNRAS.247..166R", "1990Natur.348..705E", "1991ApJ...366L..69J", "1991ApJ...367..126C", "1992ApJ...385...61R", "1992ApJ...399L..47E", "1992MNRAS.256P..53T", "1993Natur.362..324H" ]
1873838
null
The Dwarf Galaxy NGC 3109. I. the Data
We report on the results of the CCD photometry in the B- and V- band of 8250 stars belonging to the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 3109. Color-magnitude diagrams and luminosity functions are constructed. The overall distribution of blue and red supergiants is given. Eighteen OB associations are identified from Hα maps, and their color-magnitude diagrams are discussed. A catalog of previously known and newly identified H II regions is presented. The star-forming properties that we infer from these data for NGC 3109 are similar to those of other dwarf galaxies.
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10.299037
8.281784
1993-05-01
34
1993AJ....105.1779B
[ "other dwarf galaxies", "Hα maps", "irregular galaxy", "Local Group", "luminosity functions", "NGC", "V-", "Color-magnitude diagrams", "CCD", "blue and red supergiants" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Color-Magnitude Diagram", "Dwarf Galaxies", "Local Group (Astronomy)", "Luminous Intensity", "Star Distribution", "B Stars", "Blue Stars", "Charge Coupled Devices", "H Alpha Line", "H Ii Regions", "Main Sequence Stars", "O Stars", "Red Giant Stars", "Star Formation", "Supergiant Stars", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: IRREGULAR", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 3109", "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116554" ]
[ "Bresolin, F.", "Capaccioli, M.", "Piotto, G." ]
[ "Padova, Univ., Padua, Italy; Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL", "Padova, Univ., Padua, Italy", "Padova, Univ., Padua, Italy" ]
[ "1994A&A...287..371P", "1995AJ....109..173M", "1995AJ....110..212A", "1995ASPC...77..323P", "1995P&SS...43.1405P", "1996AJ....111..794K", "1996AJ....112.1928G", "1996AJ....112.1950G", "1996AN....317..197S", "1996AN....317..225N", "1997AJ....114..669A", "1997AJ....114..976M", "1997AstL...23..378M", "1997AstL...23..644G", "1997AstL...23..656G", "1997JKAS...30...27L", "1997RvMA...10...29G", "1998A&A...334...45H", "1998A&AS..128..325T", "1998A&AS..128..459M", "1998A&AS..131....1K", "1998AJ....116.2886S", "1998ARA&A..36..435M", "1998ApJ...504..725G", "1999A&A...346...33A", "1999AJ....117..881M", "2003A&A...398..467K", "2006ApJ...646..192J", "2007A&A...466...75P", "2007A&A...476..745P", "2007ApJ...659.1198E", "2007MNRAS.376..820L", "2008AJ....136.2332H", "2017A&A...601A.147F" ]
[ "1959ApJ...130..728D", "1960psd..book.....C", "1964AJ.....69..744W", "1966AJ.....71...64K", "1966ApJ...143..400S", "1969A&A.....3..455M", "1969ApJ...158L.139S", "1971ApJ...164..399S", "1973ARA&A..11...29M", "1975ApJ...201..773S", "1976ApJ...203..764V", "1977ApJ...212..326S", "1977ApJ...213..183P", "1978ApJ...221..507P", "1978MNRAS.185..847B", "1979ApJ...229..472S", "1980AJ.....85..801S", "1980ApJ...241..618S", "1980ApJ...242..765C", "1982A&A...108..148M", "1982A&A...108..334N", "1982ApJ...254...38H", "1982ApJ...256..460K", "1982ApJ...258..439S", "1982ApJ...263....1C", "1982ApJ...263..101G", "1982modg.proc..113K", "1983A&A...123..121M", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1983AJ.....88..853L", "1983AJ.....88..934C", "1983ApJ...267...80O", "1983ApJ...271...65H", "1983ApJ...274..577H", "1984A&A...133..341M", "1984AJ.....89...64B", "1984AJ.....89..919S", "1984AJ.....89.1160D", "1984ARA&A..22..471R", "1984ApJ...283..813M", "1984ApJ...283L..27T", "1984ApJ...284..544G", "1984ApJ...286...97D", "1984ApJ...286..159H", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1984ApJS...55...67B", "1985AJ.....90.1019S", "1985AJ.....90.1464S", "1985AJ.....90.1681B", "1985AJ.....90.1967D", "1985ApJ...289..141E", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1985ApJ...292..339I", "1985ApJ...292L...9K", "1985ApJ...295...73K", "1985ApJ...299...59C", "1985ApJ...299...74F", "1985ApJS...57..473L", "1985IAUS..113..161C", "1985IAUS..113..189I", "1985IAUS..113..231H", "1985IAUS..113..261L", "1985IAUS..113..347O", "1985PASP...97..165K", "1986AJ.....91..496S", "1986AJ.....92...72R", "1986ApJ...305..634C", "1986ApJ...310..176L", "1986ApJS...60..507H", "1986MNRAS.218..223C", "1986PASP...98.1233S", "1986PASP...98.1282M", "1987A&A...188....5H", "1987A&AS...71..297A", "1987AJ.....94..306K", "1987ARA&A..25..377G", "1987ARA&A..25..565E", "1987ApJ...316..626S", "1987ApJ...319..801L", "1987ApJ...322..632T", "1987ApJ...323...79P", "1987ApJ...323..614B", "1987IAUS..121..461R", "1987IAUS..127...17K", "1987IAUS..127..261R", "1987MNRAS.224..935W", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1987degc.book.....S", "1987gady.book.....B", "1987nngp.proc..163K", "1988A&AS...74..367A", "1988A&AS...74..375A", "1988AJ.....96.1248F", "1988AJ.....96.1599S", "1988ARA&A..26..145T", "1988ApJ...324..701D", "1988ApJ...325..128K", "1988ApJ...326..691F", "1988ApJ...335...40K", "1988PASP..100.1405O", "1988igbo.conf..443S", "1988smbh.proc...98K", "1988smbh.proc..219K", "1989A&A...217...57A", "1989AJ.....97.1607D", "1989AJ.....98..596P", "1989ARA&A..27..235K", "1989ApJ...337...84G", "1989ApJ...342L..63K", "1989IAUS..136..171M", "1989IAUS..136..543P", "1989MNRAS.239..325D", "1989MNRAS.241..433F", "1989Natur.339...40G", "1989PASP..101..731R", "1989PASP..101.1156M", "1989ddse.work....3L", "1989ddse.work..183G", "1990A&A...228....6A", "1990A&AS...84..139M", "1990AJ.....99..149W", "1990AJ....100..648J", "1990AJ....100.1151H", "1990ApJ...350..662P", "1990ApJ...351..121C", "1990ApJ...356..483Q", "1990ApJ...360L..39M", "1990ApJ...362..480H", "1990ApJ...362..522M", "1990MNRAS.242..271T", "1990MNRAS.243..620S", "1991A&A...252...27B", "1991AJ....101.1663W", "1991AJ....102..130V", "1991AJ....102..951T", "1991AJ....102.1026P", "1991ASPC...13..324M", "1991ApJ...369L..41L", "1991ApJ...370..567G", "1991ApJ...372..111M", "1991ApJ...372L..41D", "1991ApJ...381..449D", "1991Natur.352..286N", "1991Natur.352..297P", "1991Natur.354..376H", "1991PASP..103..609V", "1992A&AS...95..273C", "1992AJ....103...54R", "1992AJ....103..110B", "1992AJ....103..703L", "1992AJ....103.1151C", "1992AJ....104...83L", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992AJ....104..552L", "1992AJ....104.1374W", "1992AJ....104.1790G", "1992AJ....104.1831F", "1992AJ....104.2112D", "1992ApJ...389..527H", "1992ApJ...389..546B", "1992ApJ...393..559K", "1992Natur.357..665S", "1992PASP..104..981H", "1992tap..proc...69A", "1992tap..proc...83D" ]
1873785
null
The Optical Properties of Low Luminosity Radio Galaxies With Radio Jets
Broad-band CCD images of 24 low luminosity radio galaxies containing radio jets have been obtained to study their optical properties. Surface photometry of the galaxies was performed by fitting ellipses to the light distribution in order to obtain the surface brightness profile and the geometrical parameters of the galaxies. The optical morphology, the photometric parameters, and the local environment of the galaxies are discussed and compared with the results for other galaxy samples. The galaxies in this work have absolute magnitudes similar to bright cluster galaxies, and they are more luminous than powerful radio sources. They inhabit regions of higher galaxy density than powerful radio galaxies and radio-quiet ellipticals. A fraction as large as 75% of the galaxies show morphological peculiarities in the optical, indicating gravitational interaction with nearby companions and/or recent merging. We argue that low luminosity radio galaxies could be the precursors of cD galaxies in clusters or groups of galaxies, on the basis of their optical luminosity, the local environment, presence of extended envelopes, indications of merging processes, x-ray emission, and presence of dumbbell systems and multiple nuclei.
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14.778626
5.998358
1993-05-01
39
1993AJ....105.1710G
[ "low luminosity radio galaxies", "powerful radio galaxies", "bright cluster galaxies", "galaxies", "higher galaxy density", "other galaxy samples", "powerful radio sources", "radio jets", "24 low luminosity radio galaxies", "x-ray emission" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Luminous Intensity", "Optical Properties", "Radio Galaxies", "Radio Jets (Astronomy)", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Data Reduction", "Galactic Structure", "Radial Velocity", "Astrophysics", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES", "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS", "GALAXIES: JETS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116548" ]
[ "Gonzalez-Serrano, J. I.", "Carballo, R.", "Perez-Fournon, I." ]
[ "Cantabria Univ; Inst. de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica Moderna y Biologia Molecular, Santander, Spain", "Cantabria Univ; Inst. de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica Moderna y Biologia Molecular, Santander, Spain", "Inst. de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain" ]
[ "1994AZh....71..697K", "1994ApJS...91..507D", "1994MNRAS.267..424G", "1995AJ....110.1959L", "1995AN....316..319B", "1995ApJ...448..548C", "1996A&A...305..776D", "1996MNRAS.282...40F", "1997ASPC..116..445G", "1997ApJ...474..179L", "1998AJ....115.1234C", "1998MNRAS.296..961W", "1999A&A...349...77C", "1999AJ....118.2592V", "1999MNRAS.310...30C", "2000A&A...353..507G", "2000A&A...362..871C", "2000A&ARv..10...81V", "2000A&AS..142..353G", "2000A&AS..143..369G", "2001A&A...375..791V", "2002A&A...396..857D", "2002AJ....123.1334V", "2003A&A...399..869B", "2003A&A...406..435S", "2003A&A...410..139G", "2004A&A...413...97G", "2005A&A...439..487D", "2005ApJ...626..748Y", "2007ApJ...667..780D", "2007MNRAS.378..581J", "2009A&A...505..509L", "2009A&A...508.1253B", "2010MNRAS.403..269C", "2014Ap&SS.352..789A", "2014IAUS..304..353S", "2015A&A...573A..93V", "2021A&A...650A..50E", "2022A&A...660A..32M" ]
[ "1972AJ.....77..288G", "1972ApJ...178...25S", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1975A&AS...20....1C", "1975ApJ...202L.113O", "1976ApJ...204..642R", "1978A&AS...34..341F", "1978MNRAS.185..527B", "1979MNRAS.188..111H", "1979MNRAS.189..433L", "1980tdp..conf..191K", "1981ApJ...245..375S", "1983A&AS...51..179F", "1983ApJ...266..516D", "1983PhDT.......154C", "1983RMxAA...8...63B", "1985A&AS...59..511P", "1985ApJ...288..122H", "1985MNRAS.214..449B", "1986A&AS...64..135P", "1986A&AS...65..111D", "1986A&AS...65..145F", "1986ApJ...311..526H", "1986ApJS...60..603S", "1987A&A...177L..53B", "1987A&A...181..244P", "1987A&A...183..203M", "1987A&AS...69...57F", "1987AJ.....94.1111H", "1987MNRAS.225..531L", "1988A&A...189...11M", "1988A&A...206...27V", "1988ApJ...329..225D", "1988MNRAS.230..131P", "1989A&A...215..266N", "1989A&A...217...35B", "1989ApJ...336..681B", "1989ApJ...336..702B", "1989ApJ...338L..29G", "1989ApJ...341..658S", "1989ApJS...69..365S", "1989MNRAS.238..357O", "1989ibg..book.....S", "1990ApJ...349...45C", "1990ApJS...72...41C", "1991A&A...249...75G", "1992AJ....104..535G", "1992MNRAS.254..546M" ]
1877958
null
Ram Pressure Stripping from Elliptical Galaxies. I. The Mass Contained in the Galaxy
The physical assumption and the basic hydrodynamic equations of the ram pressure stripping model are examined for elliptical galaxies in clusters of galaxies. The formation of a bow shock in a cluster galaxy is found to be due to the replenished gas from stellar mass loss. The velocity dispersion of the galaxy stars strongly influences the injection temperature of the replenished gas. Physical conditions are such that the time scale for proton-electron equilibration may be longer than the dynamical one, and a two-fluid model of the plasma is needed. The velocity at infinity has a weak effect on the amount of gas the galaxy contains, but it determines the efficiency of ram pressure stripping. The cluster environment parameters only weakly affect the amount of mass contained in the galaxy. The stellar density distribution has a major effect on that mass. Simple fitting formulas are given for the amount of mass in the galaxy as a function of the external and internal parameters.
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11.633808
7.24383
1993-05-01
26
1993ApJS...86...95P
[ "elliptical galaxies", "galaxies", "stellar mass loss", "mass", "gas", "clusters", "Physical conditions", "Simple fitting formulas", "the ram pressure stripping model", "a cluster galaxy" ]
[ "Elliptical Galaxies", "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Mass", "Pressure Distribution", "Two Fluid Models", "Gas Temperature", "Shock Fronts", "Stellar Mass Ejection", "Temperature Distribution", "Velocity Distribution", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "SHOCK WAVES" ]
0
[ "10.1086/191772" ]
[ "Portnoy, D.", "Pistinner, S.", "Shaviv, G." ]
[ "Technion - Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa", "Technion - Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa", "Technion - Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa" ]
[ "1993ApJ...414..612P", "1994ApJ...437...83B", "1995ApJ...453..154P", "1996ApJ...471..683I", "1997ASPC..115..147O", "1997MNRAS.290L..33H", "1998Ap&SS.263...87S", "1999A&A...343...23P", "1999MNRAS.309..161M", "1999MNRAS.310..663S", "1999PASJ...51..375H", "1999PhR...311..429S", "2000AJ....120..733E", "2000ApJ...538..559M", "2001ApJ...550..612F", "2001MNRAS.325..509T", "2001MNRAS.328..185S", "2002ASPC..253...55S", "2004ANS...325...54R", "2004Ap&SS.289..419S", "2004PASJ...56..621F", "2005A&A...433..875R", "2006MNRAS.366.1437S", "2009AN....330..888R", "2014SAAS...37....1B", "2016JPlPh..82c5301Z" ]
[ "1944MNRAS.104..273B", "1951ApJ...113..413S", "1957JFM.....3..275J", "1959ApJ...129..243S", "1960stat.conf...88B", "1962pfig.book.....S", "1971ApJ...170..241M", "1971MNRAS.154..141H", "1972ApJ...176....1G", "1976A&A....51..137G", "1976ApJ...210..647L", "1977ApJ...215..213M", "1977ApJ...218L..93B", "1977ApJS...34..259S", "1977ApJS...34..277S", "1977Natur.266..501C", "1978ApJ...224..768B", "1979MNRAS.188...83H", "1980ApJ...240L..83L", "1981ApJ...245L..23L", "1981ApJ...247..383G", "1982A&A...110..300S", "1982ApJ...262..442G", "1982MNRAS.198.1007N", "1984MNRAS.208..261T", "1985ApJ...292..404G", "1986ApJ...301...35D", "1986ktpp.book.....O", "1987ApJ...313..298I", "1987ApJ...316..530G", "1987ApJ...318..612W", "1987ApJ...319..614L", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988ApJ...324...75H", "1988ApJ...332..725V", "1988ApJ...333..136M", "1988xrec.book.....S", "1989ApJ...336..979B", "1989ApJ...337...97D", "1989ApJ...346...59G", "1990ApJ...354..468M", "1990ApJ...359...29D", "1991AJ....102.1381S", "1991ApJ...367..476W", "1991ApJ...375...35W", "1991JFM...225..557A" ]
1896319
null
A measurement of the optical depth through a galaxy disk
SEVERAL recent papers<SUP>1-3</SUP> have refocused attention on the question of the degree of dust obscuration (or optical depth) of the disks of spiral galaxies. The traditional view, based on the early statistical studies of Holmberg<SUP>4</SUP> and de Vaucouleurs<SUP>5</SUP>, is that the disks are largely transparent, whereas Disney et al.<SUP>1</SUP> and Valentijn<SUP>2</SUP> have recently argued in favour of substantial optical depths. In an attempt to resolve this issue, White and Keel<SUP>3</SUP> measured the broadband colours of an overlapping galaxy pair, to determine directly the optical depth of the foreground galaxy; however, using this method it was not possible to separate unambiguously the contributions from the two galaxies. Individual emission lines, on the other hand, are completely separated if the redshift difference between the two galaxies is large enough, as in the pair studied here, offering a means of removing the source ambiguity. By comparing the Hα/Hβ ratios for the HII regions in the background galaxy with those in isolated spiral galaxies, and exploiting the wavelength dependence of extinction by dust, we find significant optical depths along three lines of sight through the foreground galaxy.
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12.326268
8.13145
1993-05-01
25
1993Natur.363..240J
[ "spiral galaxies", "optical depth", "isolated spiral galaxies", "significant optical depths", "substantial optical depths", "dust obscuration", "Individual emission lines", "SEVERAL recent papers", "an overlapping galaxy pair", "dust" ]
[ "Emission Spectra", "Interstellar Extinction", "Optical Thickness", "Spiral Galaxies", "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "H Alpha Line", "H Beta Line", "H Ii Regions", "Red Shift", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1038/363240a0" ]
[ "James, P. A.", "Puxley, P. J." ]
[ "Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994AJ....107.2036G", "1994ApJ...432..114B", "1994ApJ...435..668M", "1994MNRAS.270..373J", "1994PASJ...46..461T", "1995A&A...296...64B", "1995A&AS..110..269W", "1995ApJS...98..701C", "1996MNRAS.283...85A", "1996astro.ph..8113W", "1997A&A...319..764H", "1998AJ....115.1438K", "1998Obs...118..201G", "1999AJ....117.2736M", "1999sf99.proc...60C", "2000ApJ...542..761W", "2000ApJ...545..171D", "2001A&A...366..451A", "2001A&A...374..919S", "2001AJ....122.1369K", "2001MNRAS.326..722B", "2002A&A...391..809C", "2003NuPhS.124..107C", "2012A&A...545A..43C", "2023AJ....166..111H" ]
[ "1959AJ.....64..397D", "1979ARA&A..17...73S", "1982A&A...111..193R", "1983AJ.....88.1579K", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985PASP...97..104S", "1987ApJ...317...82G", "1987MNRAS.224..801H", "1988ApJ...328..315M", "1989MNRAS.239..939D", "1990Natur.346..153V", "1992ApJS...78...61B", "1992Natur.359..129W" ]
1895214
null
Photoeletric and CCD photometry of 3 and S0 galaxies.
We present BR photoelectric photometry for 352 E and S0 galaxies that are part of a large survey of the properties and peculiar motions of galaxies in distant clusters. Repeat measurements show our internal errors to be 2-3 per cent in B and R and 1-2 per cent in B - R. Comparisons of BR and BVR reductions for 10 galaxies also observed in V show small systematic errors due to differences between the spectral energy distributions of stars and galaxies. External comparisons with B - V colours in the literature confirm that these colours are good to 1 per cent. We also describe R-band CCD observations for 95 of the galaxies and place these on a BR photometric system for photoelectric and CCD photometry, with a common zero-point good to better than 1 per cent. We find the rms precision of both our photoelectric and CCD R magnitudes to be 2-3 per cent for galaxies as faint as R ~ 15. Errors in galaxy magnitudes of this order introduce errors of &lt;~ 2 per cent into D_n_-σ distance estimates, corresponding to errors in peculiar velocities for single galaxies of &lt;~ 200 km s^-1^ at a distance of 10 000 km s^-1^.
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12.130281
5.968173
1993-05-01
29
1993MNRAS.262..475C
[ "galaxy magnitudes", "single galaxies", "galaxies", "BR photoelectric photometry", "small systematic errors", "cent", "Errors", "errors", "CCD R", "D_n_-σ distance estimates" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Electrophotometers", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Galactic Clusters", "Distance", "Magnitude", "Red Shift", "Astronomy" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/262.2.475" ]
[ "Colless, Matthew", "Burstein, D.", "Wegner, G.", "Saglia, R. P.", "McMahan, R.", "Davies, R. L.", "Bertschinger, E.", "Baggley, G." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ", "Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH", "Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Heidelberg, Germany", "North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill", "Oxford Univ., United Kingdom", "MIT, Cambridge, MA", "Oxford Univ., United Kingdom" ]
[ "1993MNRAS.264..961S", "1994ARA&A..32..371D", "1994ApJ...428...35K", "1994RvMA....7..235W", "1995AJ....109.1937C", "1995ApJ...440...28P", "1995ApJ...444..507S", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996AJ....111..174F", "1996AJ....112..628F", "1996ApJS..106....1W", "1996AuJPh..49..977S", "1996astro.ph.10200W", "1997AJ....113..101S", "1997AJ....114...25M", "1997ASPC..116..180S", "1997ApJS..109...79S", "1997MNRAS.291..461S", "1997MNRAS.292..499S", "1999A&A...344..472F", "1999ApJS..124..127P", "1999MNRAS.305..259W", "1999fsu..conf..213W", "2000A&AS..144...53K", "2000PASP..112..691Y", "2001ASPC..230..153B", "2001MNRAS.321..277C", "2001MNRAS.327..249S", "2012AJ....144...78W" ]
[ "1961AJ.....66..390T", "1963AJ.....68..302T", "1969AJ.....74..354T", "1972ApJ...176...21S", "1972MmRAS..77....1D", "1973ApJ...183..711S", "1973PASP...85..283T", "1975ApJ...202..563S", "1977ApJ...214..359K", "1978ApJ...223..707S", "1979ApJS...39...61P", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1987ApJ...313...42D", "1987ApJS...64..601B", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1990AJ....100...32B", "1992A&AS...95..489J" ]
1875653
null
The Galactic Halo and Local Intergalactic Medium toward PKS 2155-304
The first HST GHRS spectra of the bright BL Lacertae object PKS 2155-304, acquired using the G140L configuration show a smooth, featureless continuum with superposed sharp absorption. This absorption is due to both gas in the Galactic halo above the south Galactic pole and what are identified as five to six low redshift Lyα absorption systems arising in the local intergalactic medium. Complex absorption features of C IV indicate highly ionized gas at near zero velocity and ~-260 km s^-1^ falling toward the Galactic plane. The identified Lyα systems cover a range of redshift 0.057 &lt;= z &lt;= 0.107. These observations confirm two features and rule out two others that were previously identified in summed IUE spectra of PKS 2155-304. The GHRS data resolve the strongest Lyα feature previously detected in the IUE data into three distinct components within the interval z = 0.055-0.057. A galaxy within 14' in the plane of the sky to PKS 2155-304 with the same measured redshift as that of inferred Lyα absorption at z ~ 0.017 may indicate that this gas is associated with a galaxy cluster. The highest redshift observed Lyα system provides a lower limit to the distance of the BL Lacertae object (z &gt; 0.105). This distance is consistent with the approximate redshift deduced from CCD imagery of the probable host galaxy for PKS 2155-3-4 ( z ~ 0.12). The Lyα systems seen toward PKS 2155-304 are compared to those in the line of sight to 3C 273. A two-point correlation analysis shows no statistical evidence of clustering of Lyα features. However, apparent redshift correlations with galaxies along the line of sight argue that some significant fraction of the observed Lyα systems are associated with galaxies or galaxy clusters.
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13.841776
8.132339
1993-05-01
28
1993ApJ...409..199B
[ "Lyα system", "Lyα features", "inferred Lyα absorption", "Lyα", "Complex absorption features", "apparent redshift correlations", "redshift", "galaxy clusters", "galaxies", "superposed sharp absorption" ]
[ "Bl Lacertae Objects", "Galactic Halos", "Intergalactic Media", "Lyman Alpha Radiation", "Quasars", "Red Shift", "Absorption Spectra", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Ionized Gases", "Iue", "Line Spectra", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172656" ]
[ "Bruhweiler, Frederick C.", "Boggess, A.", "Norman, Dara J.", "Grady, C. A.", "Urry, C. M.", "Kondo, Yoji" ]
[ "Catholic University of America, Washington", "NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD", "NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD", "Catholic University of America, Washington", "Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD", "NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD" ]
[ "1993ApJ...417L..57M", "1994A&A...285...79P", "1994ApJ...422L..55F", "1994PASP..106....1T", "1994clga.conf....3C", "1995ApJ...439L..33A", "1995ApJ...444..165H", "1995ApJ...449..145S", "1995ApJ...450..149H", "1995ApJ...451...24S", "1995ApJ...451..616S", "1996AJ....112.1397V", "1996ARA&A..34..279S", "1996ApJ...465..296H", "1997A&A...325...27H", "1997AJ....113.2158S", "1997ARA&A..35..217W", "1997ApJ...486..784P", "1997ApJ...486..799U", "1997astro.ph..2084T", "1998AJ....115..451S", "1998AJ....116.2094S", "1998ASPC..143...29C", "1998AdSpR..21...89U", "1998ApJ...508..200T", "1999PASA...16...95S", "2000ApJ...544..150P", "2001ApJS..136..463W" ]
[ "1972OSAJ...62...55R", "1974AJ.....79..745L", "1979AuJPA..47....1H", "1980ApJS...42...41S", "1984ApJ...278L..99C", "1984ApJ...287..845C", "1984dwas.book.....J", "1986ApJ...305..369U", "1987A&A...185L..10H", "1987ASSL..129..685B", "1987ApJ...314..380S", "1988ApJ...330..791U", "1988ApJ...333..660M", "1988ApJS...68..539S", "1989ApJ...342..785D", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1990ApJ...359..483F", "1990MNRAS.246..545P", "1990hsth.book.....D", "1991ApJ...367...19L", "1991ApJ...369L..21B", "1991ApJ...377L...5B", "1991ApJ...377L..21M", "1991ApJ...380L..67F", "1991ApJS...77..119M", "1991fyho.conf...58W", "1992ApJS...79...77S" ]
1895239
null
A model for the formation, evolution and structure of the solar cylinder
Models of the formation, evolution and structure of the solar cylinder are constructed on the basis of a large set of observational data on mainly late-type stars. Star formation in the disk is modelled with a simple, phenomenological prescription of the Schmidt type. The results obtained are largely independent of the star formation prescription. For the best-fitting model (N = 1), the age of the solar cylinder and the upper limit to the local disk dark matter fraction are determined. The old disk and the thick disk are discrete components, with a transition between them occurring about 8 Gyr ago at a metallicity Fe/H = -0.6. The star formation rate has been roughly constant over the lifetime of the solar cylinder, and the massive halo of our Galaxy is quite round. In conjunction with the Galaxy formation theory of Sommer-Larsen (1991), the present work indicates that the age of the metal-weak halo is 14 +/- 1 Gyr. This is in agreement with recent estimates of the absolute ages of metal-weak Galactic globular clusters. The infall time-scale derived in the present work is in reasonable agreement with the one predicted by the Sommer-Larsen Galaxy formation theory.
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9.994902
7.562611
1993-05-01
18
1993MNRAS.262..350S
[ "Star formation", "reasonable agreement", "discrete components", "observational data", "the local disk dark matter fraction", "the star formation prescription", "Galaxy", "The star formation rate", "the Galaxy formation theory", "metal-weak Galactic globular clusters" ]
[ "Astronomical Models", "Galactic Evolution", "Galactic Structure", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Solar Neighborhood", "Galactic Halos", "Late Stars", "Star Formation", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/262.2.350" ]
[ "Sommer-Larsen, Jesper", "Antonuccio-Delogu, Vincenzo" ]
[ "Niels Bohr Inst., Copenhagen, Denmark", "Astrophysical Observatory, Catania, Italy" ]
[ "1994AJ....108.1773J", "1994AN....315..279M", "1994MNRAS.271...94S", "1995AJ....110.2771W", "1995ApJS...96..175B", "1996A&A...310..771N", "1996ApJ...457..118S", "1996ApJ...466..437H", "1997A&A...319...98K", "1997Sci...276.1370B", "2000ApJ...540..217T", "2000astro.ph..4210Q", "2001A&A...373..886R", "2001MNRAS.323..555L", "2002Ap&SS.281..115R", "2002IAUS..187...91E", "2003MNRAS.343.1231S", "2007MNRAS.380.1348S" ]
[ "1951ApJ...114..385S", "1967ApJ...150..461B", "1977A&A....60..263W", "1980FCPh....5..287T", "1982ApJ...258L..23B", "1984ApJ...276..169B", "1984MNRAS.208..687L", "1985AJ.....90.2103S", "1985ApJS...58..561V", "1985ApJS...58..711V", "1987gady.book.....B", "1987gal..proc..375F", "1988PhDT........63P", "1989ApJ...339..700W", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989MNRAS.239..441S", "1989MNRAS.239..571K", "1990aadm.conf..241V", "1990dig..book...36F", "1991ApJ...372..125K", "1991ApJ...375..722S", "1991MNRAS.249..368S", "1991MNRAS.250..356S", "1991dodg.conf...15F", "1992A&A...256..415M", "1992IAUS..149..133P" ]
1873738
null
1222+216: A Wide-Angle-Tailed Quasar?
We present Very Large Array and MERLIN images of the quasar 1222+216, whose radio structure is reminiscent of a wide-angle-tailed source. While such radio structures are common among radio galaxies of moderate power, they are rare among the luminous quasars. This quasar, with a redshift of 0.435 and a largest angular size of 19.6 arcsec, which corresponds to a linear size of ~131 kpc, occurs in a region of high galaxy density. This suggests that its structure could well be due to interaction of the radio emitting plasma with the external cluster environment. We examine the possibility that a rather abrupt bend is probably due to interaction of the jet with an external galaxy or cloud while larger scale features can be explained by the relative motion of the parent galaxy through the intracluster medium. We also discuss other possible scenarios and attempt to determine whether cluster membership or projection effects is the dominant factor responsible for the observed distortion of quasars.
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15.516333
6.284194
1993-05-01
9
1993AJ....105.1658S
[ "radio galaxies", "such radio structures", "larger scale features", "high galaxy density", "cluster membership", "other possible scenarios", "projection effects", "~131 kpc", "moderate power", "interaction" ]
[ "Quasars", "Radio Emission", "Radio Sources (Astronomy)", "Red Shift", "Space Plasmas", "Very Large Array (Vla)", "Galactic Clusters", "Radio Astronomy", "Synchrotron Radiation", "Astrophysics", "QUASARS: INDIVIDUAL: 1222", "216", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116544" ]
[ "Saikia, D. J.", "Wiita, Paul J.", "Muxlow, T. W. B." ]
[ "Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Poona, India", "Georgia State University, Atlanta; National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Poona, India", "Nuffield Radio Astronomy Labs., Jodrell Bank, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1996A&A...316L..13G", "1998ApJ...500..673T", "2001yCat..33810757L", "2010MNRAS.406.2578M", "2011ApJ...733...19T", "2013Ap&SS.344..211O", "2014ApJ...786..157A", "2014ApJ...796...61K", "2021MNRAS.500.1127B" ]
[ "1974MNRAS.169..477P", "1978A&AS...34..129M", "1978MNRAS.184..769R", "1979AJ.....84..707P", "1979ApJ...232...34B", "1979ApJ...234..818J", "1979ApJS...39..291W", "1979Natur.279..770B", "1980ApJ...235L..57O", "1981ApJ...246L...1H", "1981ApJS...45...97S", "1982A&A...113..285N", "1982ApJ...262..478G", "1982IAUS...97..129W", "1982PhDT.........3N", "1983AJ.....88..709H", "1983ApJ...270...39H", "1983ApJ...270..410G", "1983MNRAS.203..833L", "1984A&A...140..399B", "1984ARA&A..22..319B", "1984ApJ...278...37E", "1984ApJ...280...79Y", "1984ApJ...287..523H", "1984ApJS...55..533H", "1984JApA....5..429S", "1984MNRAS.208..813S", "1984pete.conf...83C", "1985ApJ...295...80O", "1985ApJ...299..799S", "1986A&A...170...10F", "1986ApJ...308..540H", "1986ApJ...311L...1H", "1987ApJ...313..607H", "1987ApJ...319...28Y", "1987MNRAS.225....1A", "1987MNRAS.229..495S", "1988ARA&A..26...93S", "1988ApJ...328..114P", "1988ApJ...329..122H", "1988LNP...307..408S", "1989A&A...221..204Z", "1989ApJ...336..606B", "1989ApJ...340..698O", "1989MNRAS.239..401L", "1989PhDT.........8R", "1990ApJ...348...38S", "1990ApJ...353..476W", "1990ApJ...363..411S", "1990ApJS...72...75O", "1990MNRAS.245P..17L", "1991ApJ...371...49E", "1991ApJ...371...69D", "1991ApJ...383...72G", "1991Natur.352..313W", "1991vagn.conf..160S", "1992A&A...261...25H" ]
1895228
null
Connection of large-scale structures of the galaxy distribution behind the southern Milky Way.
We have systematically searched for IRAS galaxies with 60-micron flux density larger than 0.6 Jy by means of the UK Schmidt Atlases in the Milky way region (|b| &lt; 15^deg^) between l = 230^deg^ and 350^deg^. We find that 869 IRAS point sources are associated with galaxy images, about half of them being known galaxies and the other half newly identified galaxy candidates. There is some evidence that our sample is little contaminated by Galactic objects. Enhancements of the projected density of IRAS galaxies appear, even in the Milky way region, along the extensions of three large angular scale filamentary structures visible in the distribution of galaxies in the ESO catalogue. In the enhanced density region at Puppis, around l = 240^deg^, the density of IRAS galaxies is higher at |b| &lt; 5^deg^ than at -15^deg^ &lt; b &lt; -5^deg^ and 5^deg^ &lt; b &lt; 15^deg^.
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13.211007
7.574558
1993-05-01
14
1993MNRAS.262...79Y
[ "IRAS galaxies", "galaxy images", "galaxies", "IRAS", "lt", "Galactic objects", "Milky", "|b|", "three large angular scale filamentary structures", "the Milky way region" ]
[ "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Structure", "Infrared Astronomy Satellite", "Local Group (Astronomy)", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Interstellar Extinction", "Space Density", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/262.1.79" ]
[ "Yamada, Toru", "Takata, Tadafumi", "Djamaluddin, Thomas", "Tomita, Akihiko", "Aoki, Kentaro", "Takeda, Aki", "Saito, Mamoru" ]
[ "Kyoto Univ., Japan", "Kyoto Univ., Japan", "Kyoto Univ., Japan", "Kyoto Univ., Japan", "Kyoto Univ., Japan", "Kyoto Univ., Japan", "Kyoto Univ., Japan" ]
[ "1993ApJS...89...57Y", "1994A&AS..104..529T", "1994ASPC...67....7L", "1994ASPC...67..225B", "1994ASPC...67..239L", "1994ASPC...67..269Y", "1994MNRAS.270...93Y", "1994MNRAS.270..861G", "1994PASJ...46..227S", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996ApJ...457..693T", "1996ApJS..107..521V", "1997ApJS..112..245N", "2000AJ....119.1627J" ]
[ "1981PASAu...4..251H", "1982euse.book.....L", "1986A&AS...65..427B", "1986AJ.....91..191M", "1986ApJ...301L...1Y", "1987ApJ...322..706D", "1987MNRAS.228P...5H", "1988A&A...206...53M", "1988lsmu.book....3G", "1988lsmu.book..199L", "1990ApJ...361...49S", "1990PASAu...8..250S", "1990PASJ...42..603S", "1991ApJS...75..241D", "1991CGMW..C......0S", "1991MNRAS.253..485R", "1991Natur.349...32S", "1991PASJ...43..449S", "1992A&A...266..150K", "1992ApJ...385..421S", "1992ApJS...83...29S", "1992MNRAS.256..229S" ]
1898603
null
Recent Results from the Hubble Space Telescope
A selection of recent findings from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) are presented as a supplement to the earlier review by Kinney &amp; Maran (1991). In stellar astrophysics, noteowrthy results include the first ultraviolet science from the High Speed Photometer, as well as spectroscopic studies of black hole and neutron star binaries and a flare star. The interstellar medium in the Galaxy and in an intervening galaxy along the line of sight to a quasar have been sampled, and new information gained on intergalactic absorption clouds along hte same, and other, lines of sight. Imaging observations of planetary nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds are eye-openers; prior findings from speckle interferometry are seen to be sometimes unreliable. A "movie" composed of images depicting the evolution of a rare great storm on Saturn should stand as the best obtainable for decades to come. A distant weak radio galaxy appears to be a newly formed elliptical galaxy, in which star formation was essentially coincident with the initial collapse that produced the galaxy. And, the percentage of spiral galaxies in the acluster seen at it was several billion years ago appears to be much higher than in comparably rich clusters at recent epochs, providing new evidence for evolution in galaxy systems. Ultraviolet spectropolarimetry helps to identify the physics at work at the center of a blazar, and snapshots taken in gyroscopic pointing mode reveal that closely spaced gravitationally lensed images are hard to find. This is a modest sample of the tremendous outpouring of new research results from the HST over the past year or so. (SECTION: Invited Review Paper)
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12.978568
6.371952
1993-05-01
6
1993PASP..105..447M
[ "spiral galaxies", "new research results", "galaxy systems", "new evidence", "new information", "recent findings", "neutron star binaries", "star formation", "noteowrthy results", "prior findings" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Intergalactic Media", "Interstellar Matter", "Spaceborne Astronomy", "Active Galaxies", "Black Holes (Astronomy)", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Nuclei", "Globular Clusters", "Gravitational Lenses", "Interacting Galaxies", "Planetary Nebulae", "Polarimetry", "Radio Galaxies", "Astrophysics", "ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES", "TECHNIQUES: IMAGE PROCESSING" ]
0
[ "10.1086/133178" ]
[ "Maran, Stephen P.", "Kinney, Anne L." ]
[ "NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD", "Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD" ]
[ "1993A&A...276L..17A", "1994ASSL..187...87S", "1994Sci...263...40K", "1996ApJS..107..215M", "1998ApJ...496..210T", "2004SSRv..112....1G" ]
[ "1859MNRAS..20...13C", "1956ApJ...124...20S", "1967ApJ...150...57C", "1972ApJ...178L.121U", "1973IAUC.2502R...1H", "1976ApJ...206L..99M", "1976ApJ...208...13D", "1976ApJ...208..618O", "1977ApJ...211..552H", "1977egsp.conf..401T", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1980ApJ...236..577B", "1980ApJ...238..969D", "1980IAUS...92...39S", "1982MNRAS.201..303V", "1983ApJ...272..708S", "1985ApJ...293..132F", "1985ApJ...295..275C", "1985ApJ...297..621A", "1986ApJ...307..659W", "1986ApJ...310L..27E", "1986MNRAS.219..729S", "1987ApJ...317..746K", "1987ApL....25..223M", "1987cqan.book.....V", "1988ApJ...330..791U", "1988qal..conf....1S", "1988qal..conf...53F", "1989spte.book.....F", "1990ApJ...358L...5M", "1990dig..book..492V", "1991A&A...245L..13I", "1991AJ....101.2001H", "1991AJ....102.1553K", "1991ApJ...369L..63J", "1991ApJ...377L...5B", "1991ApJ...377L..21M", "1991ApJ...379..517K", "1991ApJ...380..362W", "1991ApJ...380L..23P", "1991ApJS...75..645K", "1991MNRAS.248..153B", "1991MNRAS.250..138S", "1991Natur.352..297P", "1991PASP..103..723K", "1991PASP..103..923S", "1991PASP..103.1237K", "1991fyho.conf..147B", "1992A&A...253....3M", "1992A&A...253L..13M", "1992A&A...265..487I", "1992AJ....103..691H", "1992AJ....103.1047S", "1992AJ....104.1790G", "1992ApJ...384...50A", "1992ApJ...385...61R", "1992ApJ...386L...1M", "1992ApJ...387...56B", "1992ApJ...391L..41S", "1992ApJ...392L...1B", "1992ApJ...394...51M", "1992ApJ...397...68B", "1992ApJ...397..664C", "1992ApJ...397L..95W", "1992ApJ...398..495B", "1992ApJ...398L..41B", "1992ApJ...399L.145R", "1992ApJ...400L...1W", "1992ApJ...400L..51B", "1992ApJ...401...99P", "1992ApJS...78....1D", "1992ApJS...80....1S", "1992IAUC.5451....3S", "1992Icar...95..163B", "1992Icar..100..499B", "1992PASP..104..981H", "1993AJ....105..831B", "1993ApJ...402...69M", "1993ApJ...403..610A", "1993ApJ...403..736J", "1993ApJ...403L..55B", "1993ApJ...404..124S" ]
11563841
astro-ph/9302017
The rate of supernovae. II. The selection effects and the frequencies per unit blue luminosity.
We present new estimates of the observed rates of SNe determined with the control time method applied to the files of observations of two long term, photographic SN searches carried out at the Asiago and Sternberg Observatories. Our calculations are applied to a galaxy sample extracted from RC3, in which 65 SNe have been discovered. This relatively large number of SNe has been redistributed in the different morphological classes of host galaxies giving the respective SN rates. The magnitude of two biases, the overexposure of the central part of galaxies and the inclination of the spiral parent galaxies, have been estimated. We show that due to overexposure an increasing fraction of SNe is lost in galaxies of increasing distances. Also, a reduced number of SNe is discovered in inclined galaxies (i &gt; 30^deg^): SN II and Ib are more affected than Ia, as well as SNe in Sbc-Sd galaxies with respect to other spirals. We strengthen previous findings that the SN rates is proportional to the galaxy blue luminosity for all SN and Hubble types. Other sources of errors, besides those due to the statistics of the events, have been investigated. In particular those related to the adopted SN parameters (Cappellaro et al. 1993) and correction factor for overexposure and inclination. Moreover we show that the frequencies of SNe per unit luminosity vary if different sources for the parameters of the sample galaxies are adopted, thus hampering the comparison of SN rates based on different galaxy samples. The overall rates per unit blue luminosity are similar to the previous determinations but significant differences show up for individual types. In particular, the rate in ellipticals, O.11 SNu (H=75 km s^-1^Mpc^-1^), is significantly lower than previously reported and better agrees with the predictions of galaxy evolutionary models. Contrary to recent claims, in late spirals the rates of SNIa (0.39 SNu) and Ib (0.27 SNu) are similar. The most frequent SNe in spiral galaxies are SNII (1.48 SNu). Even the possible occurrence of faint SNe similar to SN 1987A (&lt; 0.5 SNu in late spirals) does not significantly alter the total rate of SN II. In the Galaxy, the expected number of SNe is 1.7+/-0.9 per century.
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2.452741
4.796908
1993-06-01
120
1993A&A...273..383C
[ "different galaxy samples", "spiral galaxies", "SN rates", "host galaxies", "inclined galaxies", "galaxies", "faint SNe", "SNe", "SN II", "SN 1987A" ]
[ "Astrophysics" ]
5
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9302017" ]
[ "Cappellaro, E.", "Turatto, M.", "Benetti, S.", "Tsvetkov, D. Yu.", "Bartunov, O. S.", "Makarova, I. N." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1993MNRAS.265..471T", "1994A&A...292..395P", "1994AJ....108..202T", "1994ApJ...423L..31D", "1994ApJ...425..205V", "1994ApJ...429...77F", "1994ApJ...429..105P", "1994ApJ...437..733D", "1994ApJS...92..219V", "1994MNRAS.268..871T", "1994MNRAS.271..833G", "1994PASA...11....7E", "1994PASJ...46..447M", "1995A&A...297...49P", "1995A&A...301..666L", "1995A&A...303..345E", "1995AJ....109....1H", "1995ASSL..205..487Y", "1995ApJ...449..140S", "1995ApJ...450..705D", "1995ApJS...98..617T", "1995ApJS..100..233I", "1995PhR...256..193T", "1996A&A...307..347F", "1996ApJ...456..738I", "1996ApJ...462..758J", "1996ApJ...466..437H", "1996ApJ...473..356P", "1996ApJS..105..145I", "1996IAUS..165..107L", "1996IAUS..165..415R", "1996IAUS..171...81C", "1996MNRAS.279..229M", "1996MNRAS.283....1T", "1996PASJ...48..467M", "1997A&A...318..231V", "1997A&A...322..431C", "1997AJ....113..197V", "1997AJ....113..755M", "1997ApJ...479..760T", "1997ApJ...482..143J", "1997ApJ...488..595M", "1997ApJ...488L.125M", "1997ApJS..113..333M", "1997PASA...14..208W", "1997RaPC...49..299B", "1998A&A...333..557D", "1998A&ARv...9...63V", "1998MNRAS.298..399F", "1998MNRAS.299..535P", "1998PASP..110..553R", "1999AJ....117..707R", "1999AJ....118..785D", "1999AN....320..163M", "1999Ap&SS.265..461P", "1999IAUS..194..364T", "1999MNRAS.302..693D", "1999cezh.conf...93P", "2000AJ....120..728H", "2000ASSL..255..361T", "2000Ap&SS.272...23D", "2000ApJ...530..166H", "2000PASJ...52..685M", "2001ASSL..264..249V", "2001ApJ...552..591H", "2001MNRAS.328.1181N", "2002ApJ...572..407B", "2002ApJS..140....3M", "2002MNRAS.335..114M", "2002astro.ph..1110V", "2003ApJ...590..822H", "2003ApJ...593..721M", "2003ITPS...31.1252S", "2003MNRAS.341.1333A", "2004A&A...423..881B", "2004NewAR..48..591M", "2005A&A...430...83C", "2005AJ....130.1652R", "2005ApJ...619..839C", "2005ApJ...629...45J", "2005ApJ...635..487H", "2006A&A...450.1037T", "2006ApJ...638..847F", "2006MNRAS.366..899N", "2007ESASP.622...99H", "2008A&A...479...49B", "2008ASPC..391....3J", "2008ApJ...680..639M", "2009A&A...503..137B", "2009PhDT.......265H", "2010ApJ...712..728D", "2010ApJ...717..342H", "2010ApJ...719..474D", "2010ApJ...724..502H", "2011AsBio..11..855G", "2011MNRAS.412.1419L", "2011MNRAS.412.1473L", "2011PhRvL.107y1101B", "2012ApJ...753...68G", "2012MNRAS.424.2841H", "2014AN....335..841T", "2016A&A...592A..96G", "2016PhRvD..93d2002G", "2016PhRvD..94j2001A", "2016PhRvD..94l3012P", "2017hsn..book.1699E", "2018ApJ...854..136N", "2019PhRvD..99f3018R", "2020ApJ...890..140S", "2020MNRAS.494.4098D", "2020PhRvD.101h4002A", "2020arXiv200100279I", "2020arXiv200204591C", "2021A&A...651A..86D", "2021NewA...8301498R", "2021PhRvD.103j3024C", "2022ApJ...931..159G", "2023A&A...669A..42I", "2024APh...15802935A", "2024arXiv240519419N" ]
[ "1970A&A.....8..458T", "1974ASSL...45..155T", "1977ASSL...66...95T", "1979A&A....76..188S", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1982ASIC...90..371T", "1987ApJ...318L..25T", "1988A&A...190...10C", "1988ang..book.....T", "1989A&AS...81..421B", "1989ApJ...345..752E", "1989ApJ...347L..29V", "1989MNRAS.239..885M", "1990A&A...234...84G", "1990ApJ...359..277V", "1990supe.conf...30B", "1991ARA&A..29..363V", "1991PAZh...17..164B", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992ApJ...384L...9M", "1992ApJ...386..197T", "1993A&A...268..472C" ]
1083343
astro-ph/9301001
The Peculiar Balmer Line Profiles of OQ 208
We present spectrophotometric observations of the Broad Line Radio Galaxy OQ 208 (Mrk 668, 1404+286) obtained between 1985 and 1991. We show that the Balmer line fluxes and profile shapes undergo remarkable changes. The ratio of intensities between the broad and narrow components of Hbeta increased monotonically from 15 in 1985 to 40 in 1991. The peak of the broad components of Hbeta and Halpha were known to be strongly displaced to the red. We have discovered a correlation between the amplitude of the broad peak displacement and the luminosity of Hbeta, in the sense that the displacement is larger when the line luminosity is higher. We suggest that the observations are not compatible with either a binary Broad Line Region model or one involving ballistic acceleration of the line emitting gas. Radiative acceleration of a system of outflowing clouds readily explains the correlation between line shift and luminosity as well as the peculiar line profiles. Furthermore, it seems that most or all of the Balmer emission originates from the inward face of the clouds. Theoretical line profiles suggest that the observed Hbeta profile is best fit assuming the contribution of an ensemble which might be spherical or confined in a thick disk in addition to a component emitted in a thin shell contained in a cone of half opening angle 12 degrees seen along its axis.
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15.867496
7.40646
1993-06-01
55
1993ApJ...410...56M
[ "Theoretical line profiles", "line shift", "Broad Line Region", "Hbeta", "ballistic acceleration", "outflowing clouds", "Radiative acceleration", "spectrophotometric observations", "luminosity", "the Broad Line Radio Galaxy OQ" ]
[ "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "Balmer Series", "Line Spectra", "Radio Galaxies", "Astronomical Models", "Astronomical Photometry", "H Beta Line", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: OQ 208", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "LINE: PROFILES", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.1086/172724", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9301001" ]
[ "Marziani, P.", "Sulentic, J. W.", "Calvani, M.", "Perez, E.", "Moles, M.", "Penston, M. V." ]
[ "Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa; SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL", "Padova, Osservatorio Astronomico, Padua, Italy", "Inst. de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain", "Inst. de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Granada, Spain", "Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994A&A...285..857S", "1994ApJ...433L..17H", "1994ApJS...90....1E", "1994MNRAS.270L..27Z", "1995ApJ...438L...1S", "1995ApJ...445L..85S", "1995MNRAS.275.1125O", "1996AJ....111...92O", "1996ApJ...464L.107G", "1996ApJS..104...37M", "1997ARA&A..35..445U", "1997MNRAS.286..415C", "1998ApJ...495..222R", "1998MNRAS.296..721C", "1999AJ....118.2658S", "2000ARA&A..38..521S", "2000ApJ...536L...5S", "2000ApJ...545L..15S", "2000ChPhL..17..307L", "2000PASJ...52..209K", "2000RMxAC...9..308D", "2002ApJ...576..660S", "2003ApJS..145..199M", "2004A&A...421..461G", "2004ApJ...615L...9W", "2004ApJ...617..171B", "2004evn..conf..133M", "2005A&A...444L...9M", "2005ASPC..331..361M", "2005ApJ...621L..13X", "2006ASPC..360..217E", "2006ndbh.book..123M", "2007ApJS..169..167G", "2007ChJAA...7..611L", "2007RMxAC..28...83S", "2008ApJ...683L.115H", "2008ApJ...686..138F", "2008ApJ...687...78H", "2008MmSAI..79.1105I", "2009NewAR..53..121B", "2010A&A...522A..36K", "2010ApJ...713.1393W", "2010ApJ...718..168J", "2010JPhCS.257a2029B", "2010MSAIS..15..171B", "2010arXiv1008.1057G", "2012ApJ...747...95G", "2012ApJ...752L...7S", "2012ApJS..201...23E", "2016Ap&SS.361...55S", "2019ApJ...879..123L", "2019ApJ...884..166S", "2020MNRAS.491.1104D", "2022MNRAS.509..831L", "2022MNRAS.512L..80T" ]
[ "1969ApL.....4..137R", "1970ApL.....6..167B", "1972ApJ...172L..37B", "1975ApJ...198..517B", "1978ApJS...38..187P", "1978PhyS...17..137O", "1979MNRAS.187P..61O", "1982ApJ...258..425M", "1982MNRAS.200.1067O", "1983ApJ...267L...1G", "1983LIACo..24..473G", "1984A&A...133..137W", "1984ApJ...281..525H", "1985Natur.313..747U", "1985aagq.conf..185M", "1986ApJ...302...56W", "1986IAUS..119..215W", "1986Natur.324..345P", "1986PASP...98..185C", "1987ApJ...323..456M", "1987PhDT........91P", "1988A&A...205...53P", "1988AJ.....95...45A", "1988MNRAS.230..353P", "1988Natur.331...46H", "1989ApJ...336...93M", "1989ApJ...339..742C", "1989ApJ...340..713M", "1989ApJ...343...54S", "1989ApJ...344..115C", "1989ApJ...347..640R", "1990A&A...229...51C", "1990ApJ...355L..15S", "1990ApJ...359...67J", "1990ApJ...361...98M", "1990ApJ...365..115Z", "1990ApJ...365L..51H", "1990MNRAS.246..349R", "1990PASP..102.1275S", "1990agn..conf...57N", "1991A&A...242...49J", "1991ApJ...371..525S", "1991ApJ...377...89V", "1991ApJ...381..418Z", "1991ApJ...382L..55Z", "1991ApJS...77..379W", "1991MNRAS.250..414J", "1991PhDT.......289M", "1991RPPh...54..579O", "1991vagn.conf..343P", "1992AJ....103..743R", "1992ApJ...387...95F", "1992ApJ...393..658M" ]
1895247
null
The amplitude of mass fluctuations in the universe
We investigate how the rms linear fluctuation in the mass distribution on scales of 8 h^-1^ Mpc^1^ (denoted by σ_8_) is constrained by the masses and abundances of rich clusters of galaxies. The derived value of σ_8_ is almost independent of the shape of the fluctuation spectrum, but depends strongly on the cosmological density parameter. We find σ_8_~0.52-0.62 for a critical density universe, and σ_8_ ~1.25-1.58 for a spatially flat universe with {OMEGA}_0_ = 0.2. Our results conflict with the high amplitude inferred for an {OMEGA} = 1 cold dark matter universe from the COBE anisotropy measurements and advocated on other grounds by Couchman &amp; Carlberg. However, our estimates of σ_8_ are consistent with alternative models which provide a good fit to the observed shape of galaxy correlations on scales up to 50 h^-1^ Mpc and match on to the COBE results on larger scales.
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12.728436
3.693132
1993-06-01
609
1993MNRAS.262.1023W
[ "σ_8_", "σ_8", "larger scales", "galaxy correlations", "scales", "other grounds", "COBE", "alternative models", "rich clusters", "galaxies" ]
[ "Dark Matter", "Galactic Clusters", "Mass Distribution", "Universe", "Fluctuation Theory", "Galactic Structure", "Linear Equations", "Astrophysics" ]
6
[ "10.1093/mnras/262.4.1023" ]
[ "White, S. D. M.", "Efstathiou, G.", "Frenk, C. S." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Oxford Univ., United Kingdom", "Durham Univ., United Kingdom" ]
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[ "1972ApJ...176....1G", "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1977ApJ...215..703S", "1979ARA&A..17..135F", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1984ApJ...276...38J", "1984ApJ...284..439P", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1986isos.book..212B", "1986isos.book..258K", "1987ARA&A..25..425T", "1988ApJ...327..507F", "1988MNRAS.230P...5E", "1988MNRAS.231..635L", "1988MNRAS.235..715E", "1989ApJ...341L..71E", "1990ApJ...351...10F", "1990ApJ...352L..29C", "1990ApJ...363..349E", "1990ApJS...74....1Z", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1991AJ....101..342S", "1991ApJ...372..410H", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1991ApJ...379..440B", "1991MNRAS.251..128L", "1991MNRAS.252....1K", "1992A&A...262L..21O", "1992ApJ...386L..33L", "1992ApJ...389..453C", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJ...396L..13W", "1992ApJ...398L..81B", "1992MNRAS.257..125E", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1992Natur.359..393D", "1992itap.conf..262B", "1993ApJ...404...38G" ]
1895246
null
Line-strength gradients in elliptical galaxies.
We have measured line-strength gradients in Mg_2_, &lt;Fe&gt; and Hβ for 13 galaxies, using two instruments on the KPNO 4-m telescope. The metal- line strengths are consistent with an average abundance gradient of {DELTA}[Fe/H]{DELTA} log r = - 0.2+/-0.1, or a reduction in mean metallicity of the stellar population of 40 per cent over a factor of 10 in radius. Although line-strength gradients cannot be simply transformed to metallicity gradients these values are the same as those inferred from colour gradients. These shallow gradients present a significant challenge to current theories of galaxy formation. The dissipative models of Larson &amp; Carlberg produce gradients that are steeper than those measured in giant ellipticals. On the other hand, models of the formation of ellipticals that rely only on stellar interactions, such as dissipationless hierarchical merging, have no mechanism for the generation of metallicity gradients. White has shown that an existing gradient would be diluted by about a factor of 2 over three merger events. Together, these considerations support the hypothesis that giant ellipticals form by stellar mergers, and that the line-strength gradients originate in their lower mass progenitors which formed predominantly by dissipational collapse. We find no correlations between the size of the gradient and any other global parameter of the galaxies, such as luminosity or flattening. Our sample, however spans only about a factor of 10 in luminosity. We find that the contours of constant line strength have the same shape as the isophotes. The correlations between local colours and local line strengths indicate that dust does not play a significant role in the generation of colour gradients in elliptical galaxies. We confirm the findings of previous workers that the slope of the &lt;Fe&gt; versus Mg_2_ relation within ellipticals is steeper than the equivalent relation for the nuclei of ellipticals. This can be interpreted as evidence for an enrichment of Mg over Fe compared to the solar values used in the models. Age differences or a younger population cannot be invoked to account for the difference. Mg could be enhanced with respect to Fe over the solar value in the giant ellipticals either by enhanced early star formation or by skewing of the initial mass function to produce more massive stars. Alternatively, a deficiency of &lt;Fe&gt; could be produced if the binary fraction in elliptical galaxies were lower than the local value. We find that Hβ absorption is constant or increases with increasing radius in almost all of the galaxies we observe. We suggest that this is due to the dilution of the Hβ absorption feature by emission in the centres of these galaxies, an effect which decreases with increasing radius. Our results are consistent with no gradient in the age of the stellar population. We find that the galaxies with the bluest 1550 - V colours have the strongest Hβ emission. We speculate that the inverse relationship between Mg_2_ and 1550 - V might be due to the presence of an otherwise undetected blue ionizing nucleus in galaxies with high values of Mg_2_ and that both the activity and the high metallicity might result from the star formation associated with the formation of a core. We investigate the relationship between metallicity and escape velocity proposed by Franx &amp; Illingworth. Their suggestion that metallicity is a function of the local escape velocity is confirmed by using a more direct indicator of metallicity and a separate calculation of V_esc_ for each galaxy. While this result supports the view that abundance gradients and the colour-magnitude relation for ellipticals arise from a common physical cause, the decoupling of Mg_2_ and (Fe) gradients indicates that other effects, depending on the details of the star formation history, are at work. NGC 4472 and 7626 have anomalous core kinematics and enhanced Mg_2_ within their cores. This suggests that the formation of the cores was accompanied by significant star formation activity that generated a high- metallicity population. This high metallicity does not support models in which the anomalous core is the remnant of a captured low-mass galaxy, as even the most metal-rich low-mass galaxies have lower central line strengths than those found in the centres of NGC 4472 and 7626.
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11.289433
7.342551
1993-06-01
391
1993MNRAS.262..650D
[ "metallicity gradients", "galaxy formation", "colour gradients", "abundance gradients", "gradients", "local line strengths", "lower central line strengths", "significant star formation activity", "constant line strength", "elliptical galaxies" ]
[ "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Abundance", "Emission Spectra", "H Beta Line", "Luminosity", "Magnesium", "Metallicity", "Astrophysics" ]
5
[ "10.1093/mnras/262.3.650" ]
[ "Davies, Roger L.", "Sadler, Elaine M.", "Peletier, Reynier F." ]
[ "Oxford Univ., United Kingdom", "Anglo-Australian Observatory, Epping, Australia", "ESO, Garching bei München, Germany" ]
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1873587
null
Deep Imaging of High Redshift QSO Fields Below the Lyman Limit. II. Number Counts and Colors of Field Galaxies
We present an analysis of the number counts and colors of faint galaxies to ~26.5 mag in the fields of two high Galactic latitude, very-high- redshift QSOs. The images, obtained in three optical passbands (U_n_, G, and R), are comparable in depth to the deepest imaging surveys published to date, and were obtained as part of a program aimed at combining ultradeep imaging surveys with the information available from the absorption line spectra of the high-redshift QSOs. In this paper, the second in a series, we concentrate on the general properties of the field galaxies at faint magnitudes. The study was motivated by the significant disagreement between the two previously published studies using similar data. In particular, we readdress the faint galaxy number counts and colors as a function of apparent magnitude, and we reexamine the possible contribution of very-high-redshift (z &gt;~ 3) galaxies to the faint samples. We have reached the following principal conclusions: (1) After extensive modeling of the incompleteness in the detection of faint galaxies in our images, we find that the number counts to R = 26 are well fitted by the relation log N(m) = 0.31R+C, which is consistent with the slope of the number-count/magnitude relation obtained recently in the K band. The G-band (very close to B_J_) counts for the same galaxies are consistent with the same slope (with a factor of ~3 smaller normalization at a given magnitude) fainter than G ~ 23.5, but exhibit a much steeper slope at brighter magnitudes. At R = 25.5, the differential number counts have reached ~1.2 x 10^5^/deg^2^; the same surface density of galaxies is reached at G = 26.5. (2) We confirm the existence of a gradual "blueing" trend of the field galaxies toward fainter apparent magnitude; however, the blueing trend appears to extend only as faint as G ~ 24 (or R ~ 23), fainter than which both the (G-R) and (U_n_-G) colors appear to level off. The mean colors of faint galaxies are considerably redder than flat spectrum, in agreement with some previous work, but in substantial disagreement with other work. There are essentially no objects to R = 26 which have spectral energy distributions which are bluer than flat spectrum. (3) The potential contribution of very-high-redshift (z &gt; 3) galaxies may have been underestimated in previous analyses; the current data, based on the number of objects which have faint apparent R magnitudes, relatively flat (G-R) colors, and very red (U_n_- G) colors, are consistent with the same population of relatively luminous (~L^*^) galaxies at z ~ 3 as exist at z ~ 0.7. Two objects in the 0000-263 field have been identified previously as z ~ 3.4 galaxies, and hence serve to represent the expected optical colors of the general galaxy population at very-high redshift. Neither of these objects would have been found in the deep spectroscopic surveys which have been performed so far; if the two identified galaxies are typical (or, more likely, if they represent the bright end of the luminosity function) then one must go at least 1.5 mag deeper in the spectroscopic surveys (to B ~ 25.5) to routinely detect such objects.
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12.610053
6.21586
1993-06-01
269
1993AJ....105.2017S
[ "faint galaxies", "faint apparent R magnitudes", "galaxies", "faint magnitudes", "fainter apparent magnitude", "apparent magnitude", "brighter magnitudes", "the faint galaxy number counts", "ultradeep imaging surveys", "G" ]
[ "Astronomical Photography", "Color", "Faint Objects", "Galaxies", "Red Shift", "Astronomical Photometry", "Magnitude", "Astronomy", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "QUASARS: ABSORPTION", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS" ]
6
[ "10.1086/116579" ]
[ "Steidel, Charles C.", "Hamilton, Donald" ]
[ "California Univ., Berkeley", "California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena" ]
[ "1994A&A...288..103G", "1994AJ....107.1937T", "1994ApJ...425L...5G", "1994ApJ...434..114C", "1994ApJ...434L...5M", "1994ApJ...436..551Y", "1994ApJ...437...67G", "1994MNRAS.271...31M", "1994PASP..106.1052P", "1995AJ....109.1947D", "1995AJ....110..179S", "1995AJ....110.2519S", "1995ApJ...439...47R", "1995ApJ...440L...1G", "1995ApJ...441...18M", "1995ApJ...441L..13G", "1995ApJ...449L.105S", "1995MNRAS.273..257M", "1996A&A...316..123L", "1996A&AS..115...97V", "1996AJ....111.1783Y", "1996AJ....112..352S", "1996AJ....112..369G", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996AJ....112.1794T", "1996Ap&SS.240..241P", "1996ApJ...457..551M", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...466..831G", "1996ApJ...467...38K", "1996ApJ...470..189G", "1996IAUS..168..201K", "1996IAUS..171..277D", "1996MNRAS.280..397R", "1996MNRAS.280..888L", "1996MNRAS.281..953P", "1996MNRAS.283.1388M", "1996PASP..108..641L", "1996astro.ph..3058R", "1997A&A...319..365F", "1997AIPC..408..403C", "1997AJ....113..117G", "1997ASSL..211....3P", "1997ApJ...480..568S", "1997ApJ...490...11W", "1997ApJ...490L..41B", "1997MNRAS.288..404H", "1997astro.ph.10249S", "1998A&A...333...43F", "1998A&A...335L..77L", "1998ASPC..146..225S", "1998ASPC..146..428S", "1998ApJ...492..428S", "1998ApJ...495..698G", "1998ApJ...496..803C", "1998ApJ...498..504B", "1998ApJ...503..543G", "1998ApJ...504..622H", "1998ApJ...505...18A", "1998MNRAS.298.1133P", "1998PNAS...95...22S", "1998PhR...307...15P", "1998astro.ph.12190R", "1999A&A...341..641A", "1999A&A...346..359P", "1999AJ....118..613N", "1999ASPC..181..173G", "1999ASPC..191....3K", "1999ASPC..191...43E", "1999Ap&SS.265..533G", "1999Ap&SS.266..243C", "1999ApJ...516..563B", "1999ApJ...518..103B", "1999ApJ...519....1S", "1999ApJ...522..569N", "1999ApJ...523...32C", "1999MNRAS.305...90F", "1999PASP..111..691S", "1999RSPTA.357..153S", "1999cezh.conf..204L", "1999fsgu.conf..120T", "2000A&A...364...26M", "2000A&AT...19..585D", "2000AJ....119.2556L", "2000Ap&SS.274..557H", "2000ApJ...531..118B", "2000ApJ...532...65P", "2000ApJ...542...18T", "2000ApJ...544..218A", "2000ApJS..127....1H", "2000MNRAS.316..267W", "2000MNRAS.319..318C", "2000astro.ph..1419H", "2000astro.ph..6364S", "2001A&A...378..394C", "2001A&A...379...96M", "2001AJ....121.2301M", "2001AJ....121.2895C", "2001AJ....121.2915B", "2001ApJ...546..665S", "2001ApJ...549..770E", "2001ApJ...549L...7P", "2001ApJ...554..742H", "2001ApJ...562...95S", "2001MNRAS.320..504S", "2001MNRAS.323..795M", "2001MNRAS.325..550D", "2001PASJ...53..653T", "2002AJ....123.1163B", "2002AJ....123.2206P", "2002AJ....124.1886M", "2002ARA&A..40..579G", "2002ApJ...566...51C", "2002ApJ...568..174M", "2002ApJ...571..107B", "2002ApJ...576..653S", "2002BaltA..11..385F", "2002MNRAS.330..755F", "2002MNRAS.334..262H", "2002MNRAS.334..283C", "2002PhDT.........2M", "2003A&A...402...79M", "2003A&A...409..835F", "2003A&A...410...17M", "2003AJ....126..575H", "2003ApJ...582....6W", "2003ApJ...585...73M", "2003ApJ...585..714M", "2003ApJ...587..533V", "2003ApJ...587L..79F", "2003ApJ...591..101E", "2003ApJ...592..728S", "2003ApJ...593..640B", "2003ApJ...596..129B", "2003ApJ...596..810B", "2003ApJS..145...65F", "2003JKAS...36..123T", "2003MNRAS.345L..29W", "2003astro.ph.12363T", "2004A&A...421...41G", "2004AJ....128....1F", "2004ApJ...603..363B", "2004ApJ...604..521T", "2004ApJ...605..625H", "2004ApJ...609..513B", "2004ApJ...616...40F", "2004ApJS..154...97B", "2004AstHe..97..635I", "2004MNRAS.350...21S", "2004MNRAS.350..385N", "2004MNRAS.352..571B", "2004MNRAS.352.1255M", "2005A&A...430..877T", "2005A&A...441..905H", "2005ApJ...618...23N", "2005ApJ...627..608N", "2005MNRAS.360..159B", "2005MNRAS.363L...6W", "2006A&A...447..897J", "2006ApJ...639..672F", "2006ApJ...642...63L", "2006ApJ...645..450F", "2006ApJ...647..201C", "2006ApJ...648...81R", "2006ApJ...648..250C", "2006ApJ...653.1004R", "2006ApJS..162....1G", "2006MNRAS.365..807M", "2006MNRAS.365..833M", "2006MNRAS.366..705N", "2006MNRAS.370.1057S", "2006MNRAS.373..217L", "2006NewAR..50....1B", "2007A&A...462..865H", "2007A&A...465..393G", "2007A&A...471..433P", "2007ASPC..380..343G", "2007ASPC..380..445B", "2007ApJ...654L.107B", "2007ApJ...667...60R", "2007ApJ...667..655M", "2007ApJ...669..241M", "2007ApJ...669..749S", "2007ApJ...671.1241Y", "2007ApJS..170...95C", "2007ApJS..173..441H", "2007MNRAS.377..815E", "2007MNRAS.377.1024V", "2007MNRAS.378..429F", "2008ARA&A..46..201S", "2008ApJ...673..686H", "2008ApJ...677...37O", "2008ApJ...681..856R", "2008ApJ...689..687B", "2008ApJS..176....1F", "2008IAUS..245..451M", "2008MNRAS.383.1319G", "2008MNRAS.383.1366C", "2008MNRAS.386...11M", "2008MNRAS.387..883A", "2009AIPC.1111..216P", "2009ASPC..408..465C", "2009ASPC..418..483S", "2009ApJ...706..885W", "2009ApJ...706.1364F", "2009MNRAS.400..561D", "2009RAA.....9.1061Z", "2010AJ....140.2052L", "2010ASPC..432...33F", "2010ApJ...719.1250F", "2010ApJ...722.1051H", "2010MNRAS.401.2531A", "2010MNRAS.404.1801G", "2010MNRAS.409L...7R", "2010PhDT.......254L", "2011ASPC..446..287C", "2011ApJ...729..140F", "2011ApJ...739...98B", "2011ApJ...743...65J", "2011MNRAS.414....2B", "2011Msngr.143...42S", "2011RMxAC..39...69T", "2012A&A...540A..39C", "2012A&A...547A..50Z", "2012A&A...547A..51G", "2012ApJ...745...96H", "2012ApJ...756...25M", "2012ApJ...758L..31L", "2012MNRAS.419.2633G", "2013ApJ...762...45B", "2013ApJ...768..178F", "2013ApJ...772...99J", "2013JPhCS.470a2010P", "2013MNRAS.430..425B", "2013MNRAS.431.2080C", "2013MNRAS.432.3474C", "2014ApJ...780....1W", "2014ApJ...788...49L", "2014ApJ...791....3S", "2014ApJ...792..139T", "2014MNRAS.439..264G", "2014MNRAS.441..837C", "2014PASP..126..969B", "2015A&A...576A..25V", "2015ApJ...812L..27C", "2015MNRAS.446.1293C", "2015MNRAS.449.4336S", "2015MNRAS.451.1158P", "2016ApJ...817...11H", "2016ApJ...828..107R", "2016MNRAS.461..176P", "2016PASA...33...37F", "2017MNRAS.472.1995P", "2018MNRAS.474.2352C", "2018MNRAS.476.4725S", "2018MNRAS.477.2817S", "2019A&A...626A..45P", "2019ApJ...881...12B", "2019MNRAS.490.2855Y", "2020ApJ...897...44S", "2020MNRAS.492.5167V", "2020MNRAS.495.1807A", "2021ApJ...920..122D", "2021MNRAS.508.3860G", "2022AJ....164..159P", "2022ApJ...928...52F", "2023ApJ...958...36S", "2023ApJ...958..141L", "2023ApJ...959...48P" ]
[ "1980ApJS...43..305K", "1983ApJ...266..713O", "1983MNRAS.204..347S", "1985ApJ...297..371H", "1986ApJ...311..651K", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1989ApJ...347...87S", "1989ApJS...69..703S", "1990ApJ...348..371S", "1990ApJ...357L...9G", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991ApJ...377L..73L", "1991ApJ...380L..47E", "1991MNRAS.249..498M", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1992AJ....104..941S", "1992ApJ...385..151W" ]
1875697
null
Structure of Merger Remnants. II. Progenitors with Rotating Bulges
Mergers of identical galaxies consisting of self-gravitating disks, bulges, and halos are examined in the context of the suggestion that such events may form elliptical galaxies. Unlike earlier studies, the simulations reported here include effects arising from intrinsic spin of bulges. Somewhat surprisingly, it is found that the disks and bulges are able to redistribute their angular momentum so that the luminous remnants rotate slowly near their centers. In addition, if the bulges are sufficiently concentrated, the core radii of the remnants are significantly reduced relative to those of end-states formed in mergers between pure stellar disks to the extent that the remnants share structural properties with observed elliptical galaxies. Nevertheless, it does appear that stellar-dynamical mergers between spiral progenitors will represent a viable mechanism for the production of massive elliptical galaxies only if sufficient mass resides already in dense, spheroidal components. These results suggest that any ellipticals formed in this manner having featureless light profiles were victims of a "disk- bulge conspiracy" analogous to the disk-halo conspiracy thought to give rise to smooth rotation curves in spiral galaxies. Possible observational signatures of mergers are discussed, along with implications of the findings for our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.
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11.230742
6.457973
1993-06-01
222
1993ApJ...409..548H
[ "elliptical galaxies", "massive elliptical galaxies", "observed elliptical galaxies", "spiral galaxies", "pure stellar disks", "galaxy formation", "identical galaxies", "Mergers", "mergers", "bulges" ]
[ "Galactic Bulge", "Galactic Evolution", "Galactic Rotation", "Galactic Structure", "Interacting Galaxies", "Astronomical Models", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Galactic Halos", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "METHODS: NUMERICAL" ]
5
[ "10.1086/172686" ]
[ "Hernquist, Lars" ]
[ "California Univ., Santa Cruz" ]
[ "1993ApJ...416..415H", "1993ApJ...416L...9H", "1994A&ARv...5..293C", "1994ApJ...422..729T", "1994ApJ...425L..13M", "1994ApJ...427..112M", "1994ApJ...427..165H", "1994ApJ...431L...9M", "1994ApJ...431L..79W", "1994ApJ...433L...9S", "1994ApJ...435...49R", "1994ApJ...437L..47M", "1994MNRAS.271..317G", "1994RvMA....7..191B", "1994astro.ph..3009B", "1995AJ....110..140H", "1995ApJ...438L..75M", "1995ApJ...446..543R", "1995ApJ...447L..87M", "1995ApJ...448...41H", "1995ApJ...448...64H", "1995ApJ...449..488R", "1995ApJ...449..592H", "1995ApJ...451..525C", "1996A&A...309...30M", "1996A&A...309..733G", "1996AJ....111..152K", "1996AJ....111.1512S", "1996AJ....112..948W", "1996ASPC...98..496F", "1996ApJ...460..101W", "1996ApJ...460..121W", "1996ApJ...462..576D", "1996ApJ...463...69H", "1996ApJ...464..641M", "1996ApJ...465..278J", "1996ApJ...465..527M", "1996ApJ...471..115B", "1996ApJ...472..145A", "1996IAUS..169....1B", "1996IAUS..171..191B", "1997AIPC..393..525W", "1997AJ....114.1771F", 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[ "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1963ApJ...138..385T", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1977egsp.conf..401T", "1978ApJ...224..320H", "1980ComAp...8..177O", "1982ApJ...256..460K", "1982ApJ...256..481I", "1982SAAS...12..115K", "1986ApJ...310..593C", "1986Natur.324..446B", "1986PhR...133..217D", "1987ApJ...319..575B", "1987ApJS...64..715H", "1987IAUS..127..271D", "1988ApJ...331....1Q", "1988ApJ...331..699B", "1990ApJ...356..359H", "1990JCoPh..87..137H", "1991ARA&A..29..239D", "1991ApJ...370L..65B", "1991ApJ...378..496D", "1991Natur.354..210H", "1992ApJ...393..484B", "1992ApJ...393L..47M", "1992ApJ...397L..75S", "1992ApJ...399L.117H", "1992ApJ...400...80H", "1992ApJ...400..460H" ]
1895236
null
Evidence for systematic evolution in the properties of galaxies in distant clusters.
This paper investigates the evolution of galaxies as a function of look- back time, primarily using early-type galaxies in rich cluster environments. We demonstrate that, by selecting distant galaxies in the near-infrared, representative samples containing approximately the same proportion of galaxy classes can be constructed independently of redshift, thus avoiding biases introduced by optical selection criteria. Using this method, we construct a sample of 180 galaxies selected at near-infrared wavelengths in the fields of 10 rich clusters with 0.5 &lt; z &lt; 0.9. Observing and data processing techniques, with infrared arrays yielding the required high-precision photometry of cluster members, are discussed. Additional optical CCD photometry allows us to quantify colour evolution as a function of redshift for the early-type members to z ~ 1. We detect a clear and systematic trend with redshift in the optical-infrared colours of red cluster galaxies. Specifically, by z ~ 0.9 there are no cluster galaxies as red as present-day ellipticals. The detected evolution is monotonic with redshift and consistent with the passive ageing of stellar populations formed before z~2. Moreover, the uniformity in these trends among our clusters suggests that early-type galaxies are coeval and form a remarkably homogeneous population. The evolution we find is both more well-behaved and less prominent than that found for powerful radio galaxies, suggesting that the latter sources may not be representative giant elliptical galaxies.
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12.196651
6.093207
1993-06-01
240
1993MNRAS.262..764A
[ "red cluster galaxies", "galaxy classes", "distant galaxies", "galaxies", "powerful radio galaxies", "representative giant elliptical galaxies", "rich cluster environments", "cluster members", "Additional optical CCD photometry", "redshift" ]
[ "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Evolution", "Astronomical Catalogs", "Astronomical Photometry", "Color-Color Diagram", "Color-Magnitude Diagram", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Infrared Sources (Astronomy)", "Red Shift", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/262.3.764" ]
[ "Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso", "Ellis, Richard S.", "Couch, Warrick J.", "Carter, David" ]
[ "Durham Univ., United Kingdom", "Durham Univ., United Kingdom", "New South Wales Univ., Kensington, Australia", "Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, United Kingdom" ]
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"2013BaltA..22..133D", "2014A&A...563A..92F", "2014A&A...565A.120A", "2014ApJ...797...62V", "2014Galax...2..300C", "2014MNRAS.440.3491J", "2015A&A...581A..50R", "2015ApJ...800..107W", "2015MNRAS.448.1715J", "2015MNRAS.454.2770T", "2016ApJ...825..113D", "2016arXiv161104671R", "2017ApJ...849..154S", "2017ApJ...850..181R", "2017MNRAS.467.4015H", "2017MNRAS.469.1259B", "2018MNRAS.481.3456C", "2019ApJ...870...70S", "2019ApJ...880..119C", "2019ApJ...882...69G", "2019MNRAS.488.3929C", "2022ApJ...930..102Y", "2022MNRAS.513.2271L", "2022Univ....8..554A", "2024arXiv240612977P" ]
[ "1966ARA&A...4..193J", "1970ApJ...159..753P", "1972IAUS...44..314P", "1973ApJ...183..743S", "1975ApJ...195..255G", "1976ApJ...203...52T", "1976ApJ...205..688S", "1976PASP...88..543T", "1978ApJ...219...18B", "1978ApJ...221..383K", "1978ApJ...223..707S", "1978ApJ...224..320H", "1979ARA&A..17...73S", "1979ApJS...39...61P", "1980ApJ...241...25B", "1980ApJ...241..493H", "1980IAUS...92...39S", "1980IAUS...92..257L", "1980IAUS...92..269G", "1981ApJ...251L..75K", "1982AJ.....87.1029E", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1982ApJ...263..533D", "1982MNRAS.199.1053L", "1982PASP...94..244G", "1983A&A...128...84K", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1983ApJ...264..337S", "1983ApJ...268..476S", "1983ApJ...270....7D", "1983ApJ...273..105B", "1983MNRAS.205.1287C", "1984ApJ...285..426B", "1984ApJS...56..143C", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985ApJ...294...70D", "1985ApJ...297..371H", "1985LNP...232..193D", "1985MNRAS.213..215C", "1985MNRAS.215...37L", "1985MNRAS.217..239E", "1986A&A...164..260A", "1986ASSL..122..375D", "1986ApJ...300..151L", "1986ApJ...304L...5L", "1986ApJ...306...30G", "1986ApJ...311..651K", "1986FCPh...11....1S", "1986PASP...98..269S", "1986SPIE..627..430M", "1987A&A...173...23A", "1987AJ.....94..899D", "1987ApJ...319...44C", "1987IAUS..124..129S", "1987MNRAS.229..423C", "1988ARA&A..26..561S", "1988ASSL..141..177O", "1988ASSL..141..227G", "1988ApJ...326....1Y", "1988ApJ...330..596L", "1988ApJ...333..161L", "1988IAUS..130..311D", "1988MNRAS.230..249M", "1989ASIC..264...63L", "1989ASIC..264..167G", "1989ApJ...340...77L", "1989ApJ...341...80E", "1990AJ....100...32B", "1990AJ....100.1091P", "1990ARA&A..28...37M", "1990ASPC...10..200D", "1990ASPC...10..248E", "1990ApJ...348L...1C", "1990ApJ...360L...1C", "1990MNRAS.243P...5S", "1990MNRAS.244..408C", "1991ASPC...14....3E", "1991ApJ...367..126C", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991MNRAS.248..128A", "1991MNRAS.249..606C", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1991PhDT.........9A", "1992A&A...254L..29L", "1992ASIC..366...29O", "1992ApJS...78....1D", "1992MNRAS.254..589B", "1992MNRAS.254..601B", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1993ApJ...404..521A", "1993MNRAS.261...19C" ]
1875732
null
Self-consistent Models for Galactic Halos
Richstone has pioneered the use of the scale-free logarithmic potential for the study of the dynamics of galactic halos. Now modern computers make it practical to exploit that potential in its exact form without central softening. The orbital structure of the potential, which differs significantly from that of the separable Stackel potentials, has been explored systematically with the help of 2-D start spaces. Six triaxial nonrotating density models representative of various axis ratios have been selected. For each model 600 orbits have been integrated over a time interval equivalent to about 55 orbital periods, or 1 Hubble time. Of these orbits, half are defined in the x-z start space (mostly S-tubes, O-tubes, and I-tubes) and the other half in the stationary start space (mostly boxlets such as bananas but also many unstable stochastic orbits). From these orbits self-consistent equilibrium models have been constructed by the usual methods, with the help of a 48 cell grid on the reference sphere and by employing long sequences of Lucy iterations. The main result of these numerical constructions is that in all six cases self-consistent solutions exist. For the rounder models (with density axis ratios c/a &gt;= 0.5) solutions involving only stable orbits exist, although solutions also involving stochastic orbits may be preferred by the halo formation processes. For the flatter models (with density axis ratios c/a ~ 0.3) stochastic orbits have to be included in the solution-a consequence of the replacement of box orbits by boxlets in halo potentials. The inclusion of unstable stochastic orbits in self-consistent equilibrium models raises the question of the persistence of these models. The rate of such impersistence has been estimated and found not threatening under the conditions prevailing in halos where only about 50 orbital periods occur in a Hubble time. It is concluded that equilibrium considerations alone, without the consideration of possible instabilities and without the consideration of halo formation processes, do not suffice to constrain the overall shape of galaxy halos.
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10.414558
5.861941
1993-06-01
153
1993ApJ...409..563S
[ "halo potentials", "stochastic orbits", "unstable stochastic orbits", "many unstable stochastic orbits", "density models", "box orbits", "halo formation processes", "density axis ratios", "galactic halos", "galaxy halos" ]
[ "Astronomical Models", "Galactic Halos", "Galactic Rotation", "Galactic Structure", "Galactic Evolution", "Stellar Motions", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE" ]
5
[ "10.1086/172687" ]
[ "Schwarzschild, Martin" ]
[ "Princeton Univ. Observatory, NJ" ]
[ "1994AJ....108..111S", "1994ApJ...425..458S", "1995IAUS..164..215D", "1995MNRAS.276..467S", "1995NYASA.751...76H", "1996ASPC...92..393D", "1996ApJ...460..136M", "1996ApJ...471...82M", "1996CeMDA..64...55M", "1996IAUS..169....1B", "1996IAUS..171...47D", "1996MNRAS.280..903D", "1996MNRAS.281.1333D", "1996MNRAS.282..223S", "1996Sci...271..337M", "1997AJ....114.1479F", "1997ASPC..116...32M", "1997ASPC..116...44D", "1997ASPC..116..101D", "1997ApJ...486..102M", "1997MNRAS.287..525Z", "1997MNRAS.292..905T", "1998A&A...329..451P", "1998ASPC..147..287F", "1998ApJ...496..706A", "1998ApJ...498..625M", "1998ApJ...506..686V", "1998MNRAS.296..407S", "1998MNRAS.298....1C", "1998MNRAS.298...22W", "1998NYASA.858...48M", "1998NewA....3..493E", "1998P&SS...46.1557B", "1998astro.ph..3211M", "1998astro.ph.11058R", "1999ASPC..182....3M", "1999ASPC..182..142R", "1999ASPC..182..164M", "1999Ap&SS.267..239D", "1999ApJ...513..383V", "1999CeMDA..73..159C", "1999MNRAS.304..457Z", "1999MNRAS.309..636Z", "1999PASP..111..129M", "1999PhR...311..279E", "2000MNRAS.311..297D", "2000MNRAS.314..433H", "2000MNRAS.318.1131E", "2000MNRAS.319...43S", "2000astro.ph..1042J", "2001ASPC..228..550P", "2001Ap&SS.276..851F", "2001ApJ...549..192P", "2001MNRAS.320..379J", "2001MNRAS.321..507F", "2002ASPC..282..179B", "2002ApJ...567..817H", "2002ApJ...568L..89P", "2002ApJ...581.1032S", "2002CeMDA..82...61K", "2002CeMDA..83..191C", "2002MNRAS.331...23E", "2002MNRAS.331..959V", "2002MNRAS.335..928J", "2003A&A...402..531C", "2003LNP...626..101V", "2003LNP...626..279V", "2003MNRAS.342.1056V", "2003astro.ph..5005T", "2004A&A...423..501C", "2004ApJ...606..774P", "2004MNRAS.353....1S", "2004MNRAS.354..522M", "2004cbhg.symp...86S", "2005LRR.....8....8M", "2005MNRAS.360.1185J", "2006A&A...445..513V", "2006A&A...455..499C", "2006MNRAS.372..839N", "2006RPPh...69.2513M", "2007A&A...475..821T", "2007ApJ...666..165C", "2007ApJ...670.1027A", "2007CeMDA..99..307A", "2007LNP...729..297E", "2007MNRAS.377..855T", "2007MNRAS.380..657B", "2008ApJ...677.1033W", "2008AstL...34..664S", "2008MNRAS.385..614V", "2008MNRAS.385..647V", "2008MNRAS.389.1709K", "2009ASSP....8..203M", "2009ApJ...690.1452N", "2009ApJ...698.1110S", "2009CeMDA.105..379M", "2009MNRAS.395.1079D", "2009MNRAS.396..109W", "2010ApJ...716.1397F", "2010ApJ...723..818H", "2010MNRAS.408....9K", "2011ApJ...728..128D", "2012ASPC..453..147M", "2012MNRAS.419.3268V", "2012MNRAS.422.1571M", "2012MNRAS.423.1955Z", "2012arXiv1204.0709M", "2013ARA&A..51..511K", "2013MNRAS.429.2700M", "2013MNRAS.430.1928H", "2013MNRAS.434.3174V", "2013MNRAS.435..928B", "2013NewA...25...74F", "2014ApJ...792...59Z", "2014MNRAS.438.2201M", "2015ApJ...811...25L", "2015ApJ...813...10E", "2015MNRAS.447...97G", "2015MNRAS.447.3797V", "2015MNRAS.449.2553M", "2015MNRAS.450.2842V", "2015MNRAS.453.2830M", "2016ApJ...818..141V", "2016MNRAS.459.1082C", "2016MNRAS.463..927T", "2016RPPh...79f6902F", "2017ApJ...844..130W", "2018A&A...618A..94P", "2018MNRAS.473.2288B", "2018MNRAS.473.3000Z", "2018MNRAS.478.4052M", "2018NatAs...2..233Z", "2018RAA....18..153Y", "2019A&A...632A..99H", "2019JGP...140....1L", "2019MNRAS.486.4753J", "2019MNRAS.489..842X", "2020A&A...634A.109B", "2020ApJ...891....4L", "2021ApJ...916...25R", "2021ApJS..254...25Q", "2021MNRAS.500..838P", "2021MNRAS.500.1437N", "2021MNRAS.501.1791Y", "2021MNRAS.508.4786D", "2022A&C....4000592C", "2022ApJ...926...30Q", "2022ApJ...928..178P", "2022ApJ...941..109T", "2023ApJ...954..215Y", "2023MNRAS.526..895C", "2024A&A...681A..95J", "2024MNRAS.531.1483Y" ]
[ "1962MNRAS.123..447L", "1979ApJ...232..236S", "1980ApJ...238..103R", "1982ApJ...252..308B", "1982ApJ...252..496R", "1982ApJ...263..599S", "1984A&A...134..373P", "1984A&A...141..171P", "1984ApJ...281..100R", "1984MNRAS.206..159B", "1984MNRAS.211..283P", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1985MNRAS.216..273D", "1985MNRAS.216..467G", "1987ApJ...314..476L", "1987ApJ...321..113S", "1987IAUS..127..229B", "1987gady.book.....B", "1989ApJ...339..752M", "1989ddse.work...81P", "1990ApJ...356..365D", "1990MNRAS.244..111E", "1991ARA&A..29..239D", "1992ApJ...384..491L" ]
1895255
null
Galaxy formation with a local bias
The relationship between galaxies (i.e. luminous objects) and the cosmological mass density field is discussed. A generalization of the idea of biased galaxy formation is introduced, in which-galaxies form with a probability given by an arbitrary function of the local mass density. Constraints, in the form of inequalities, on various statistical measures of clustering are derived, which do not depend upon the form of this function or the underlying statistical distribution of the density fluctuations. Stronger constraints can be achieved if one specifies the underlying statistics. In particular, it is shown that for Gaussian fluctuations the ratio of the amplitudes of the galaxy correlation function and matter autocovariance function is a non-increasing function of scale. This means that change of the slope of the galaxy correlation function relative to that of the underlying density fluctuations in the correct sense to produce extra clustering on large scales can only be achieved by non-local effects, such as cooperative galaxy formation. The effect of a local bias is more subtle in Fourier space: the ratio of the mass and galaxy power spectra can be made to increase without bound in the small-wavenumber limit. Cell counts and discreteness effects in both local and non-local biasing models are also discussed.
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11.984415
3.217939
1993-06-01
163
1993MNRAS.262.1065C
[ "non-local effects", "biased galaxy formation", "cooperative galaxy formation", "galaxies", "autocovariance function", "Gaussian fluctuations", "various statistical measures", "the galaxy correlation function", "extra clustering", "discreteness effects" ]
[ "Dark Matter", "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Evolution", "Normal Density Functions", "Bias", "Galactic Mass", "Galactic Structure", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/262.4.1065" ]
[ "Coles, Peter" ]
[ "Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1993ApJ...413L..55M", "1993MNRAS.264..261C", "1993MNRAS.264..749C", "1994MNRAS.266..524B", "1994MNRAS.268..966C", "1994MNRAS.271..223B", "1994Natur.370..609C", "1995ApJ...442...39J", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1995PhR...262....1S", "1996ApJ...461L..65F", "1996ConPh..37..429C", "1996MNRAS.280..186K", "1997MNRAS.284..189M", "1997MNRAS.284..885P", "1997MNRAS.286..115M", "1997MNRAS.290..651M", "1998A&A...337...96D", "1998ARA&A..36..599B", "1998ApJ...499...20J", "1998ApJ...500L..79T", "1998ApJ...504..607S", "1998ApJ...506...53F", "1998MNRAS.293..209M", "1998MNRAS.294..245C", "1998MNRAS.295...19K", "1998MNRAS.297..692C", "1998MNRAS.299...95M", "1998MNRAS.300..183C", "1998MNRAS.300..817H", "1998MNRAS.301..797H", "1998NYASA.848...62F", "1998PhRvL..80.5255H", "1999A&A...348..667D", "1999ApJ...511....1S", "1999ApJ...512..527D", "1999ApJ...518....2E", "1999ApJ...520..437K", "1999ApJ...521L...5C", "1999ApJ...522..590B", "1999ApJ...523...32C", "1999ApJ...525..543M", "1999ApJ...525L...1B", "1999MNRAS.305..527T", "1999MNRAS.306..575D", "1999MNRAS.306..779D", "1999MNRAS.309...89S", "1999MNRAS.310.1137H", "1999Natur.397..225W", "1999RSPTA.357..133P", "1999elss.conf..346W", "1999tpgr.conf...88D", "2000ASPC..200..129C", "2000ASPC..201....3S", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000ApJ...537...37T", "2000ApJ...542..559T", "2000ApJ...544..597S", "2000ApJ...545....6B", "2000MNRAS.311..809C", "2000MNRAS.312..257H", "2000MNRAS.317L..51H", "2000MNRAS.318.1144P", "2000PASJ...52..249S", "2000PhR...333..147D", "2001ApJ...550..522B", "2001ApJ...550..528T", "2001ApJ...560...15P", "2001MNRAS.320..139W", "2001MNRAS.327.1041B", "2001PhRvD..63d3007T", "2001pteu.conf..217C", "2002ApJ...571..172Z", "2002ApJ...575..587B", "2002ApJ...581...20C", "2002MNRAS.329..336H", "2002MNRAS.329..431P", "2002MNRAS.330..506H", "2002MNRAS.335..887T", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002PhRvD..66j3508T", "2002RSPTA.360.1277F", "2003ApJ...585L...1D", "2003ApJ...598..720S", "2003IAUS..208..245F", "2003MNRAS.338..806W", "2003MNRAS.342..483O", "2003PhRvD..68f3004H", "2003astro.ph..1623E", "2003eucm.book..237C", "2004ApJ...606..702T", "2004astro.ph..8440C", "2005A&A...430..827S", "2005A&A...442..801M", "2005ApJ...625..613A", "2005ApJ...631....1G", "2005ApJ...633..560E", "2005ApJ...633..575S", "2005MNRAS.356..247W", "2005MNRAS.362..337N", "2005Natur.433..248C", "2005astro.ph..2088C", "2005astro.ph..7457G", "2006A&A...459..375H", "2006Natur.440.1126B", "2006PhDT.......234H", "2006PhRvD..74b3522S", "2007ApJ...659....1Z", "2007ApJ...664..660E", "2007JCAP...10..007C", "2007MNRAS.382.1503H", "2007PhRvD..75f3512S", "2008PhRvD..77l3514D", "2008PhRvD..78h3519M", "2008PhRvD..78j3503D", "2009ApJ...698..967Y", "2009ApJ...702..425G", "2009JCAP...08..020M", "2009MNRAS.395..240B", "2009MNRAS.400..851S", "2009MNRAS.400.1527K", "2009PhRvD..80f3528S", "2010ApJ...708L...9S", "2010ApJ...710.1444K", "2010MNRAS.401.1429D", "2010PhRvD..81b3526D", "2010PhRvD..82j3529D", "2010deot.book..246B", "2011ApJ...736...59Z", "2011JCAP...04..011B", "2011MNRAS.412..825D", "2011MNRAS.412L..93S", "2011MNRAS.416.1703E", "2011PhRvD..83d3526S", "2011PhRvD..83h3518M", "2012JCAP...11..016F", "2012MNRAS.420.3469P", "2012MNRAS.425..116S", "2012PhRvD..85d1301B", "2013MNRAS.433..209N", "2013PhRvD..88b3515S", "2014A&A...571A..30P", "2014ApJ...788..157N", "2015MNRAS.446..169M", "2016MNRAS.460.1310P", "2016PhRvD..93f3007L", "2017PhRvD..95f3528C", "2018ApJ...868...69T", "2018MNRAS.478.1341K", "2018PhR...733....1D", "2019PhRvD..99l3514E", "2019PhRvL.122d1302C", "2020JCAP...11..052K", "2020MNRAS.492.1614W", "2020PhRvD.101f3504M", "2020PhRvD.102j3530E", "2020PhRvD.102l3522P", "2021PhRvD.103l3550E", "2022JCAP...08..019P", "2022MNRAS.510.4295B", "2022MNRAS.514.5786B", "2023arXiv231200679E", "2024PhRvD.109l3510D" ]
[ "1934ApJ....79....8H", "1952ApJ...115..103C", "1952ApJ...116..144N", "1953ApJ...117..134L", "1956AJ.....61..383L", "1965hmfw.book.....A", "1977ats..book.....K", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1981grf..book.....A", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984ApJ...285L...1P", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985ApJ...297..365K", "1985MNRAS.217..805P", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986ApJ...305L...5J", "1986ApJ...308L..71F", "1986MNRAS.222P...9C", "1987MNRAS.228..407C", "1987Natur.326..455D", "1988ASPC....5...71H", "1988ApJ...331L..59H", "1988ApJ...333...21S", "1988ApJ...333L..45W", "1989ApJ...340...29E", "1989MNRAS.238..293L", "1989MNRAS.238..319C", "1989Natur.341..215V", "1990ApJ...352L..29C", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.247P..10E", "1991ApJ...375...25B", "1991MNRAS.248....1C", "1991MNRAS.253..307P", "1991MNRAS.253..727C", "1991MNRAS.253P...1P", "1991MNRAS.253P..31B", "1991Natur.349...32S", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992MNRAS.258P..57L", "1992MNRAS.259..146J", "1993ApJ...405..403B" ]
1875790
null
An Optically Luminous Radio Galaxy at Z = 3.22 and the K-z Diagram at High Redshift
We present images of the z = 3.22 radio galaxy 6C 1232 + 39 taken through the B, R, J, J, H, and K filters, an image taken through a narrow-band filter centered on the Lyα line, and an image made with the VLA at 5 GHz. Unlike the two other z &gt; 3 radio galaxies that have been extensively studied (B2 0902 + 34 and 4C 41.17), this radio galaxy has a "classical double" radio structure. The structure of the radio galaxy is a strong function of wavelength, changing from a long linear structure at the shortest wavelength (B) to one that is dominated by a single compact component at the longest wavelength (K). The galaxy's optical, emission-line, and radio structures are closely aligned; apart from the overall alignment, there is, however, not the clear correspondence between the continuum and Lyα structures that would be expected if both trace the same young starburst regions. We show that, like the two other well-studied z &gt; 3 radio galaxies, 6C 1232 + 39 has a red bump in its rest-frame optical spectrum. Low scatter in the K-z diagram is often cited as evidence that radio galaxies formed early in the history of the universe. We show that there is now some evidence that the scatter in the K-z diagram at z &gt; 2 is greater than the scatter at z &lt; 2. We discuss briefly the possible causes of this increased scatter, noting that near-infrared spectroscopy will be crucial in determining whether the increased scatter gives any useful information about the epoch at which radio galaxies formed. Finally we argue that the dispersion in the K-band magnitudes of the known z &gt; 2 radio galaxies, and in particular the existence of luminous objects like 6C 1232+39, calls into question the use of the K-z Hubble relation to estimate the redshifts of distant radio galaxies from K magnitudes alone, a method that underpins the only published evidence for a redshift cutoff for radio galaxies.
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14.645048
6.134047
1993-06-01
62
1993ApJ...409..578E
[ "radio galaxies", "distant radio galaxies", "radio structures", "K magnitudes", "K filters", "K", "Low scatter", "2 radio galaxies", "3 radio galaxies", "the radio galaxy" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Radio Galaxies", "Red Shift", "Visual Observation", "Infrared Imagery", "Lyman Alpha Radiation", "Spectral Energy Distribution", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172688" ]
[ "Eales, Stephen A.", "Rawlings, Steve", "Dickinson, Mark", "Spinrad, Hyron", "Hill, Gary J.", "Lacy, Mark" ]
[ "Toronto Univ., Canada", "Oxford Univ., United Kingdom", "California Univ., Berkeley", "California Univ., Berkeley", "McDonald Observatory, Austin, TX", "Oxford Univ., United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994A&A...288..103G", "1994AJ....108..828T", "1994ApJ...427L..79R", "1994MNRAS.270..431L", "1994MNRAS.271..504L", "1994PASP..106....1T", "1994PASP..106.1052P", "1995A&A...303..705G", "1995ApJ...438L..51S", "1995MNRAS.273..821L", "1995MNRAS.274..428R", "1995astro.ph..3007D", "1996A&A...313...25V", "1996ApJ...457..658E", "1996ApJ...460...68E", "1996ApJ...465..157D", "1996ApJ...466L..67I", "1996ApJS..106..215C", "1996ApJS..106..247C", "1996MNRAS.279..535M", "1996MNRAS.283..930T", "1997A&A...323...21V", "1997A&A...326..505R", "1997ApJ...484..581S", "1997ApJS..109....1C", "1997MNRAS.291..593E", "1997NCimC..20..657D", "1997astro.ph..4294D", "1998A&AS..132...31N", "1998ASSL..226..157D", "1998ApJ...492....1K", "1998ApJ...507..558H", "1998ApJS..118..275K", "1999A&AS..134..505P", "1999AJ....117..677B", "1999MNRAS.306..828S", "2000ApJ...529..189G", "2000MNRAS.315..381K", "2001MNRAS.322..523R", "2001MNRAS.323..417A", "2001MNRAS.324....1W", "2001cghr.confE..63G", "2002ARA&A..40..579G", "2002MNRAS.333..809C", "2002astro.ph..1543G", "2003AJ....125.1038E", "2003ApJ...585...90Z", "2003MNRAS.339..173W", "2003MNRAS.346..273V", "2003PASJ...55..385T", "2004MNRAS.348..529G", "2005A&A...435..863M", "2006MNRAS.369.1566G", "2007MNRAS.375..705H", "2007MNRAS.378..416V", "2007MNRAS.380..703G", "2007NewAR..51..194V", "2009A&A...495..471S", "2009MNRAS.393..309S", "2017ASSL..430..195C", "2019ApJ...887...86E", "2023ApJ...950..180L" ]
[ "1972ApJ...173..485S", "1976ApJ...207..343M", "1982ApJ...262..529H", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985MNRAS.215...37L", "1985PASP...97..932S", "1986MNRAS.221..311Y", "1987ApJ...321L..29M", "1987Natur.329..604C", "1988A&AS...73..515B", "1988ASIC..229..325M", "1988ApJ...324L...1L", "1988ApJ...329L..75C", "1988ApJ...333..161L", "1989ApJ...336..681B", "1989ApJ...336..702B", "1989ApJ...340...77L", "1989ApJ...346L..65L", "1989MNRAS.240..701R", "1989MNRAS.240..817E", "1989Natur.341..307D", "1990ARA&A..28..437H", "1990ApJ...348L...1C", "1990ApJ...351L...9E", "1990ApJ...363...21C", "1990ApJ...365..487M", "1990MNRAS.243P...1E", "1990MNRAS.243P...5S", "1990MNRAS.243P..14R", "1990MNRAS.246..163T", "1990MNRAS.246P..21R", "1990MNRAS.247...19D", "1991AJ....102..518M", "1991ApJ...366L..69J", "1991ApJ...367..126C", "1991ApJ...380..362W", "1991ComAp..15..343C", "1992ApJ...385...61R", "1992ApJ...386...52M", "1992ApJ...397...49E", "1992MNRAS.256P..53T", "1992MNRAS.258..647N", "1992ersf.meet..332R", "1993rgrc.conf.....E" ]
1875772
null
Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations: K -Band Observations of M31, M32, and the Distance to Maffei 1
A new large-format infrared array was used to measure the surface brigtness fluctuations (SBFs) at 2.1 microns in M31 and M32 and in the nearby giant elliptical galaxy Maffei 1. From M31 observations, the K-prime-band fluctuation absolute magnitude was calibrated assuming M31 is 0.77 Mpc distant. The K-prime SBF of M32 was also measured, and a significant difference was found between the apparent fluctuation magnitudes of M31 and M32; M32 is brighter than M31 by 0.26 mag. Possible interpretations of this finding are examined. Determinations of the distance to Maffei 1 are presented.
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10.173743
8.281761
1993-06-01
69
1993ApJ...410...81L
[ "M31 observations", "M31", "M32", "Possible interpretations", "Maffei", "the apparent fluctuation magnitudes", "the surface brigtness fluctuations", "the nearby giant elliptical galaxy", "SBFs", "the K-prime-band fluctuation absolute magnitude" ]
[ "Andromeda Galaxy", "Brightness Distribution", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Infrared Astronomy", "Astronomical Photometry", "Calibrating", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Color-Magnitude Diagram", "Metallicity", "Power Spectra", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL NAME: MAFFEI 1", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "GALAXIES: LOCAL GROUP" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172726" ]
[ "Luppino, Gerard A.", "Tonry, John L." ]
[ "Hawaii Univ., Honolulu", "MIT, Cambridge, MA" ]
[ "1994AJ....107.1328V", "1994AJ....107.2055B", "1994ApJ...429...43P", "1994ApJ...433..567P", "1994Natur.372...77K", "1995A&A...293L..33H", "1995AJ....109..121W", "1995AJ....109.2460M", "1995AJ....110..179S", "1995AJ....110.1052G", "1995AJ....110.1584K", "1995ApJ...439..145R", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996A&A...305L..25H", "1996AJ....111..208S", "1996AN....317..175T", "1996ApJ...468..519J", "1997A&AS..124..559K", "1997AJ....113..981M", "1997ApJ...475..399T", "1997ApJ...483L..37T", "1998AJ....116.2873J", "1998ARA&A..36..435M", "1998ApJ...505..111J", "1998ApJ...507..726S", "1998PASJ...50...25O", "1999A&A...351.1051T", "1999AJ....118..826I", "1999AJ....118..831B", "1999ASPC..167..279M", "1999ASSL..237..181B", "1999ApJ...510...71J", "1999ApJ...515...79P", "1999ApJS..124...33B", "2000AJ....119..166J", "2000ASPC..201..142L", "2000ApJ...543..644L", "2001A&A...366...54M", "2001A&A...371..779M", "2001A&A...376..793M", "2001AJ....122.1386D", "2001ApJ...553L.133D", "2001ApJ...557L..31L", "2001MNRAS.320..193B", "2001MNRAS.322..121S", "2002AJ....124.2012D", "2002ApJ...564..216L", "2002IAUS..207..306B", "2003A&A...408..111K", "2003AJ....125.1150B", "2003AJ....125.2783C", "2003ApJ...583..712J", "2003ApJ...587..672F", "2004AJ....127.1441G", "2004MmSAI..75..198R", "2005ApJS..156..113M", "2005PASP..117..589D", "2006A&A...450..979M", "2006A&A...458.1013M", "2006astro.ph..5660M", "2008ApJ...675..281M", "2008ChJAA...8..369Y", "2010AstL...36..167T", "2012PASA...29..489F", "2014AJ....148....7W", "2015ApJ...808...91J", "2015ApJ...811..133D", "2018AstBu..73..279T", "2020MNRAS.493.5131V" ]
[ "1959ApJ...130..705K", "1968PASP...80..618M", "1971ApJ...163L..25S", "1976ApJ...204..668F", "1978ApJ...220...75F", "1982AJ.....87.1029E", "1983MNRAS.205..131B", "1985ApJ...288..618R", "1988AJ.....96..807T", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1989AJ.....98.1285F", "1989ApJ...346L..57T", "1990AJ....100.1416T", "1990ApJ...365..186F", "1991A&A...247...20Z", "1991AJ....101.1286R", "1991ApJ...373L...1T", "1992AJ....103..332W", "1992AJ....104.1349F", "1992AJ....104.1360E", "1992AJ....104.1365D", "1992PASP..104..441H", "1992PASP..104..599J" ]
1876045
null
The Interacting System NGC 7753--7752 (Arp 86). II. N-Body Modeling
The interacting disk galaxy pair NGC 7753-7752 (Arp 86) is studied in terms of 3D N-body simulations and compared with CCD observations. The numerical code is based on the use of overlapping, comoving spherical polar potential grids combined with Cartesian integration, and both members are described with self-gravitating star+gas disks embedded in analytical spherical halos. Obtained models match the morphology and velocity field of the main tidal features as well as give correct projected separation and radial velocity difference between the components. The models suggest that the components of Arp 86 are moving in a low-inclination, low-eccentricity relative orbit, most probably resulting from dynamical friction. This orbital geometry favors material transfer between the components, which is proposed as the cause of the anomalously large activity of the companion. About 5 percent of the large galaxy gas mass is estimated to have been transferred to the companion.
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12.558855
8.430006
1993-06-01
53
1993ApJ...410..586S
[ "spherical polar potential grids", "radial velocity difference", "analytical spherical halos", "correct projected separation", "material transfer", "Arp", "Cartesian integration", "Obtained models", "the large galaxy gas mass", "CCD observations" ]
[ "Astronomical Models", "Computational Astrophysics", "Interacting Galaxies", "Many Body Problem", "Spiral Galaxies", "Astronomical Photometry", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Orbital Mechanics", "Star Distribution", "Star Formation", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL NGC NUMBER: NGC 7753--7752", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "METHODS: NUMERICAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172777" ]
[ "Salo, Heikki", "Laurikainen, Eija" ]
[ "Oulu Univ., Finland", "Tuorla Observatory, Piikkio, Finland" ]
[ "1993ApJ...410..574L", "1995AJ....110.3115K", "1995ApJ...453..139E", "1995ApL&C..31..193B", "1995NYASA.773..125L", "1995NYASA.773..302B", "1996A&A...314..729R", "1998A&AS..129..517L", "1998A&AS..132..417W", "1998ApJ...493..102L", "1999A&A...348..737R", "1999AJ....117..792S", "1999ASPC..160..351A", "1999PhR...321....1S", "1999RvMA...12..309T", "2000A&AS..141..103L", "2000AJ....120.1238D", "2000MNRAS.319..377S", "2000MNRAS.319..393S", "2001A&A...367..405P", "2001A&A...378..428K", "2001A&AT...20...93S", "2001MNRAS.324..685L", "2002MNRAS.337.1233R", "2003A&A...405...31B", "2003astro.ph..4384B", "2004A&A...415..451F", "2005AJ....129.2579D", "2005MNRAS.356.1177R", "2005MNRAS.364...69S", "2006MNRAS.368..851R", "2007AJ....133..220G", "2008ApJ...683...94O", "2009AJ....137.3071B", "2009ASPC..407..110S", "2009MNRAS.397..548S", "2010AJ....139.1600R", "2011MNRAS.410.1637S", "2012ApJ...751...44S", "2012MNRAS.420....2S", "2013ApJ...765....7R", "2013MNRAS.435.3342H", "2013pss5.book..923S", "2015ApJ...807...73O", "2015MNRAS.451.2278H", "2016A&C....16...26W", "2016MNRAS.463.2210K", "2017ApJ...850...61Y", "2017MNRAS.469.3629S", "2019A&A...621A..25F", "2019MNRAS.488.4674V", "2020MNRAS.493.1434C", "2023Galax..11..119S" ]
[ "1966ApJ...146..810J", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1973ApJ...186..467O", "1976SvA....19..422V", "1984AJ.....89..966D", "1984ApJ...279L...5K", "1984MNRAS.208....1H", "1984MNRAS.209..111J", "1985A&A...150..327C", "1985ApJ...296...90C", "1985ApJS...57..643D", "1985MNRAS.214...87J", "1985MNRAS.217..127S", "1986Natur.324..446B", "1987A&A...174...67S", "1987A&A...179..101M", "1987ApJ...320...49B", "1987Icar...70...37S", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988A&A...203..259N", "1988AJ.....95..925W", "1988ASIC..232..459L", "1988ASIC..232..475C", "1988ASSL..140..387T", "1988ApJ...331..699B", "1988MNRAS.233....1W", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989ApJ...345..176L", "1990AJ.....99..497S", "1990AJ.....99.1798H", "1990AJ....100.1477W", "1990BAAS...22..951S", "1990MNRAS.245..577P", "1990dig..book..108H", "1991A&A...243..118S", "1991ApJ...369..111B", "1991dodg.conf..215E", "1992A&A...255...63J", "1992A&A...256L..19M", "1992A&A...257...17E", "1992ApJ...393..544S", "1992Natur.359..619S", "1993ApJ...410..574L" ]
1875713
null
Small-Scale Substructure in Relaxed Clusters. I. Statistical Characterization
The two-point correlation formalism is applied to the sample of galaxy clusters studied by Salvador-Sole et al. (1993) where evidence of correlation among galaxies was found. The two-point correlation that is obtained is used to derive the typical density profile of clumps in the frame of a realistic clustering model. The possible origin of clumps causing the correlation is discussed.
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12.02805
3.847743
1993-06-01
48
1993ApJ...410....1S
[ "correlation", "galaxy clusters", "clumps", "galaxies", "Salvador-Sole et al", "the typical density profile", "a realistic clustering model", "evidence", "Salvador-Sole", "the correlation" ]
[ "Computational Astrophysics", "Cosmology", "Galactic Clusters", "Statistical Analysis", "Correlation Coefficients", "Galactic Evolution", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "GALAXIES: FORMATION" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172718" ]
[ "Salvador-Sole, Eduard", "Gonzalez-Casado, Guillermo", "Solanes, Jose M." ]
[ "Barcelona Univ., Spain", "Catalunya, Univ. Politecnica, Barcelona, Spain", "Barcelona Univ., Spain" ]
[ "1993ApJ...410...15G", "1994AJ....108.1996S", "1994Ap&SS.217..237M", "1994ApJ...423..539E", "1994ApJ...433L..17H", "1994ApJ...433L..61G", "1994JPSJ...63..814S", "1994PhRvD..50.4807A", "1994PhRvE..50.5033N", "1995A&A...296..359K", "1995A&A...298....1E", "1995AN....316..319B", "1995ApJ...438..610E", "1995ApJ...444...41S", "1995PhRvE..52.2753L", "1996A&A...314..763A", "1996AJ....112...36Q", "1996ApJ...467..489C", "1996ApJ...473L..83M", "1996pcc..conf...95M", "1997A&A...317..670S", "1997AJ....114..115W", "1997AJ....114.1345V", "1997ASPC..117..505F", "1997Ap&SS.250...11C", "1997ApJ...482...41G", "1997ApL&C..36..133G", "1997ApL&C..36..223M", "1997MNRAS.284..286D", "1997PhRvE..55..789S", "1997PhyA..238..113W", "1998A&AS..131..221S", "1998PhRvE..58.4801M", "1999A&A...343..733S", "1999A&A...351...65A", "2000ApJ...531..647H", "2000JPCS...61.1927D", "2000RvMP...72..813V", "2000cucg.confE..25A", "2001PhRvE..64b1902F", "2004MNRAS.352..605B", "2008PhDT.......338C", "2010RAA....10....1Z", "2011AJ....141...99L", "2011PASJ...63..585Z", "2013JChPh.139r4709D", "2013MNRAS.436..275W", "2015ApJ...810...37Y" ]
[ "1953ApJ...117..134L", "1954ApJ...119..655L", "1954PNAS...40..541R", "1956AJ.....61..383L", "1957ApJ...125....9L", "1962AJ.....67..471K", "1972ApJ...174L.123K", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1982PASP...94..421G", "1988AJ.....95..284D", "1989ApJ...342...17S", "1991phco.conf..603M", "1992ASIC..366...49J", "1993ApJ...402..398S", "1993ApJ...410...15G" ]
1898645
null
H-alpha Fabry-Perot Observations of the Density Wave Pattern in M51
The Maryland-Caltech wide-field Fabry-Perot camera has been used to image H-alpha emission in the grand design spiral galaxy M51. The velocity field of the ionized gas has been determined over most of the optical disk at an angular resolution of 2-8" and a realtive velocity accuracy of 1-2 km s^-1 rms. The well-known kinematic perturbations due to density wave streaming are clearly resolved in both arm and interarm regions. Determination of the radius at which the gas and spiral pattern corotate using reversals in the streaming direction, frequently proposed as the preferred method of locating the corotation resonance, is hampered by the observed complexity of the density wave response. Nonetheless, new evidence is presented that supports previous determinations using other methods that corotation of the inner spiral is located near a glactocentric radius of 6 kpc, and that the outer optical arms cannot be part of the same spiral pattern as the inner arms. (SECTION: Workshop on Resonance Phenomena in Spiral Galaxies )
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10.717856
7.335037
1993-06-01
38
1993PASP..105..666V
[ "density wave streaming", "other methods", "Resonance Phenomena", "previous determinations", "Spiral Galaxies", "corotation", "Determination", "new evidence", "the outer optical arms", "the grand design spiral galaxy" ]
[ "Astronomical Photography", "Density Wave Model", "Fabry-Perot Interferometers", "H Alpha Line", "Ionized Gases", "Orbital Resonances (Celestial Mechanics)", "Spiral Galaxies", "Corotation", "Galactic Nuclei", "Star Formation", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: M51", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: INTERSTELLAR MATTER" ]
1
[ "10.1086/133217" ]
[ "Vogel, Stuart N.", "Rand, Richard J.", "Gruendl, Robert A.", "Teuben, Peter J." ]
[ "Maryland Univ., College Park", "Groningen State University, Netherlands", "Maryland Univ., College Park", "Maryland Univ., College Park" ]
[ "1995ApJ...438..663M", "1996A&A...309..446P", "1996ApJ...467...87D", "1997A&A...326..554C", "1997ARep...41..447L", "1997ApJ...481..741M", "1997astro.ph..1015M", "1999ApJ...522..165A", "1999ApJS..124..403S", "1999ApJS..125...99B", "1999MNRAS.310..629S", "2000ApJ...533..149S", "2001ARA&A..39..137S", "2002ASPC..275..201R", "2002ASPC..275..217T", "2003AJ....126.2317O", "2003ApJ...586..780C", "2006AJ....131..296S", "2007A&A...466..905F", "2007ApJ...665.1138S", "2007AstL...33..299S", "2007MNRAS.377..480S", "2008ApJ...688..224M", "2009ApJ...697.1870E", "2010MNRAS.403..625D", "2011MNRAS.415..753S", "2011hsa6.conf..345S", "2013ApJ...779...42S", "2013ApJ...779...44H", "2013ApJ...779...45M", "2014ApJ...784....3C", "2014ApJ...784....4C", "2017A&A...600A..34T", "2017ApJ...836...62S", "2017ApJ...851...19B", "2017MNRAS.465..460E", "2017PASJ...69R...1S", "2024ApJ...966..110F" ]
[ "1969ApJ...158..123R", "1974ApJS...27..437T", "1974ApJS...27..449T", "1980A&A....88..159V", "1984PhR...114..321A", "1985A&A...144..282R", "1986A&A...155...11C", "1986ApJ...303...66Z", "1987ApJ...314...10R", "1988Natur.334..402V", "1989ApJ...343..602E", "1990AJ....100..387R", "1990ApJ...349..497C", "1990ApJ...349L..43R", "1991A&A...244....8T", "1991BAAS...23..874V", "1991IAUS..146...63N" ]
1876082
null
Quasar Clustering on Large Scales
The present results for quasar clustering on large scales are based on a sample of about 750 quasars, and are noted to be in good agreement with recent observations of galaxy clustering at low redshifts, suggest that the prediction that quasars trace the same large-scale structure as galaxies as clusters do is consistent with the observed quasar correlation. For an Einstein-de Sitter universe, the observed quasar correlation function would lead to a zero-redshift correlation amplitude comparable to that for Abell clusters; quasars may then represent high peaks in the initial density spectrum.
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14.624598
6.218802
1993-06-01
43
1993ApJ...410..493M
[ "large scales", "quasars", "Abell clusters", "low redshifts", "high peaks", "clusters", "quasar clustering", "galaxies", "galaxy", "recent observations" ]
[ "Galactic Clusters", "Quasars", "Universe", "Astronomical Models", "Correlation Coefficients", "Density Distribution", "Galactic Evolution", "Power Spectra", "Red Shift", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "GALAXIES: QUASARS: GENERAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172766" ]
[ "Mo, H. J.", "Fang, L. Z." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ" ]
[ "1994A&A...286L..19K", "1994ApJ...431..477B", "1994ApJ...431..506D", "1994ApJ...436..618C", "1994MNRAS.269..277K", "1994MNRAS.269.1077P", "1995A&AT....8..241K", "1995AJ....109...56Y", "1995MNRAS.275..790G", "1995SSRv...74..277L", "1996ApJ...461L...5W", "1996MNRAS.281..893C", "1996MNRAS.282..713K", "1996astro.ph..8112K", "1997A&A...320..705S", "1997A&A...325..433B", "1997A&A...328....1M", "1997A&AS..123..529G", "1997ApJ...482..631K", "1997MNRAS.286..115M", "1998ASPC..146....9C", "1998ApJ...497..529L", "1998ApJ...502L..95F", "1998ApJS..119...41K", "1999ASPC..176..341L", "1999elss.conf..321C", "1999ldss.work..216L", "2000MNRAS.313..377T", "2000MNRAS.318.1036A", "2000NCimB.115..947F", "2000fepc.conf..184C", "2001A&A...372....1Z", "2001MNRAS.325..483C", "2002MNRAS.334..958Y", "2003ApJ...596...67D", "2004AJ....127..592G", "2004ApJ...617..192M", "2004MNRAS.355.1010P", "2005MNRAS.356..415C", "2006AJ....131....1H", "2011MNRAS.413.1383D", "2015ApJ...807...76L", "2021AcASn..62...30G" ]
[ "1980lssu.book.....P", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1984A&A...136L...9S", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984MNRAS.210P..19B", "1985Ap&SS.115...99F", "1986ASSL..121..517C", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1987ApJ...314..129C", "1987IAUS..124..627C", "1988AJ.....95..644A", "1988ARA&A..26..631B", "1988ASPC....2..244S", "1988AcA....38..155K", "1988ApJ...330L..13I", "1988MNRAS.230P...5E", "1988MNRAS.234..159S", "1989ApJ...345...59C", "1989MNRAS.237.1127C", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.243....1B", "1990MNRAS.247P..10E", "1991ASPC...21..191B", "1991ApJS...75..273O", "1991MNRAS.249..218C", "1991MNRAS.251..482B", "1991MNRAS.253..307P", "1991MNRAS.253P...1P", "1992A&A...256L..23M", "1992A&A...257....1M", "1992ApJ...384..404P", "1992ApJ...385..421S", "1992ApJ...390L...1D", "1992ApJ...391L...5V", "1992ApJ...392..452M", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992MNRAS.258..134S", "1992MNRAS.259..494P", "1992PhLA..167..129A", "1993ApJ...406....6J", "1993MNRAS.260..121M" ]
1873573
null
The Stellar Content, Star Formation, and Mass of the Active Galaxy NGC 6951
We present broadband BVI and Hα photometry and spectroscopy along the major and minor axis of the active, isolated galaxy NGC 6951. All the results point to the conclusion that, apart from its nuclear activity, it is a normal barred Sbc galaxy. The only peculiarity is the too low present star formation rate, with a narrow, well delineated ring 5" from the center surrounded by dust. The morphology and properties of the inner regions could be the result of the inflow of gas caused by bar-induced instabilities, as predicted by models. We argue that the nuclear activity in isolated galaxies could also be triggered by those same mechanisms and therefore related to the presence of a bar.
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10.99057
7.483951
1993-06-01
25
1993AJ....105.2090M
[ "isolated galaxies", "a normal barred Sbc galaxy", "broadband BVI and Hα photometry", "gas", "BVI", "bar-induced instabilities", "the too low present star formation rate", "its nuclear activity", "the nuclear activity", "properties" ]
[ "Active Galactic Nuclei", "Active Galaxies", "Barred Galaxies", "Galactic Mass", "Star Formation", "Astronomical Photometry", "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "H Alpha Line", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INDIVIUAL: NGC 6951", "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116586" ]
[ "Marquez, Isabel", "Moles, Mariano" ]
[ "Andalucia, Inst. de Astrofisica, Granada, Spain", "Andalucia, Inst. de Astrofisica, Granada, Spain" ]
[ "1994AJ....108...90M", "1995AJ....110.1009B", "1995ApJS..101..287T", "1996A&A...310..401M", "1996A&AS..120....1M", "1997PASJ...49...17S", "1997RMxAC...6....5H", "1998AJ....116.2136A", "1998IAUS..184..243K", "1999AJ....118..777E", "1999ApJ...511..157K", "2000A&A...353..893P", "2001Ap&SS.276..691A", "2002A&A...383...98S", "2002A&A...386...42R", "2003AJ....126.1148B", "2004ApJ...603..495P", "2005A&A...441.1011G", "2007A&A...468L..63K", "2007ApJ...670..959S", "2007PASJ...59..117K", "2008ApJ...677..262K", "2010KosNT..16e..77C", "2016MNRAS.457..949M", "2021A&A...654A.135D" ]
[ "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1971A&A....13..293B", "1972MmRAS..75...85H", "1973A&A....29...43B", "1973UGC.....1....1N", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1977ApJS...33...19A", "1978ApJ...222..821S", "1979AJ.....84.1511T", "1980ApJ...237..404S", "1981ApJS...46..177B", "1982ApJ...253...70B", "1982ApJ...261..439R", "1984ApJ...284..544G", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985A&A...152..271M", "1985ApJ...289...81R", "1985ApJS...57..503F", "1985ApJS...57..643D", "1986AJ.....91..255B", "1986ApJ...301..727D", "1986ApJ...302..564S", "1986ApJ...311L..17Y", "1986ApJS...62..703K", "1986IAUS..116..505M", "1987A&A...172..375B", "1988AJ.....96..470L", "1988ApJ...330..579P", "1988ApJS...67....1T", "1989Ap&SS.157..165M", "1989Ap&SS.157..321P", "1989ApJ...345..176L", "1989ApJ...347L..55Y", "1990A&A...238...28D", "1990ApJS...72..231M", "1991dodg.conf..149A", "1991dodg.conf..181F", "1992ApJ...395L..79K" ]
1873556
null
The Environment of H 0414+009: A BL Lac Object Associated With a Cluster of Galaxies
An analysis of galaxies in the field of the BL Lac object H 0414+009 is presented. Direct images indicate that the BL Lac lies in a moderately rich (Abell richness class 0) cluster of galaxies, of which the galaxy hosting H 0414+009 is the dominant member. It is shown that a number of surrounding galaxies share the same redshift as the host galaxy of H 0414+009. Such an environment is consistent with those in which FR-I radio galaxies, the proposed parent population of BL Lac objects, are often found.
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16.768074
4.896269
1993-06-01
22
1993AJ....105.2031F
[ "BL Lac objects", "surrounding galaxies", "BL Lac", "galaxies", "H", "the BL Lac object", "the host galaxy", "the BL Lac", "Direct images", "Abell" ]
[ "Bl Lacertae Objects", "Galactic Clusters", "Astronomical Photometry", "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "Radio Galaxies", "Red Shift", "Astronomy", "BL LACERTAE OBJECTS: INDIVIDUAL: H0414", "009" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116580" ]
[ "Falomo, R.", "Pesce, Joseph E.", "Treves, A." ]
[ "Osservatorio Astronomico, Padua, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "SISSA, Trieste, Italy" ]
[ "1993AJ....106..869W", "1994AJ....107..494P", "1994Msngr..78...30F", "1994VA.....38...29K", "1995AJ....110.1554P", "1995ApJ...438L...9F", "1995ApJ...441..113S", "1996ApJS..103..109W", "1997ApJ...480..547W", "1999A&A...341..683H", "1999A&A...348..113H", "2000A&A...357...91F", "2005ApJ...633...61F", "2008A&A...482..771L", "2011arXiv1105.5114V", "2014A&ARv..22...73F", "2015A&A...574A.101M", "2017MNRAS.465.4872G", "2020ApJ...900L..34M", "2021AJ....162..177P", "2021NCimR..44..397S", "2023EPJC...83..844B" ]
[ "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1974ApJ...193L.103D", "1975Natur.258...56C", "1976ApJ...207L..75F", "1976ApJ...209L..11B", "1977ApJ...215..408B", "1978bllo.conf..328B", "1981AJ.....86..476J", "1981ApJ...247..787B", "1981ApJ...249....3W", "1983AJ.....88..853L", "1983ApJ...270L...1U", "1983ApJ...271..471W", "1988ARA&A..26..631B", "1988MNRAS.230..131P", "1989ApJ...345..140R", "1989LNP...334...45U", "1989LNP...334...64S", "1989LNP...334..401B", "1989LNP...334..460W", "1989MNRAS.238..357O", "1991A&A...249..341F", "1991AJ....101..818H", "1991AJ....102.1294F", "1991ApJ...366....7H", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1991ApJ...380L..67F", "1992ApJ...385L..33B", "1992MNRAS.256..655M", "1993A&A...268...53F" ]
1875749
null
Nonlinear Properties and Time Evolution of Gravitational Galaxy Clustering
We develop methods for comparing the quasi-equilibrium theory of gravitational galaxy clustering with other theories in the nonlinear regime. The volume integrals, ξ^bar^_N_ of the gravitational N-point correlation functions are expressed as functions of the quasi-equilibrium parameter b in a closed form which is exact to all orders of b. This shows that the ξ^bar^_N_ scale as (N/2)^N-1^(ξ^bar^_2_)^N_1^ for small b, but break out of this scaling as b evolves. We show how to derive the quasi-equilibrium distribution functions from the void distribution by explicitly keeping the ξ^bar^_N_ constant. Our results provide a simple proof that all the ξ^bar^_N_ are invariant to random binomial selection of subsamples. They also clarify properties of the skewness and kurtosis of the quasi-equilibrium distribution. From the relations between ξ^bar^_N_ and b, and the adiabatic evolution of b, we derive the nonlinear evolution of the ξ^bar^_N_ as the universe expands. This is compared with earlier linear theory for the evolution of these integrals. A new criterion, based on the maximum of the specific heat, provides a physical measure of the transition from the linear to the nonlinear regime. These results are extended to give the nonlinear evolution of the galaxy velocity dispersions, the internal energy, and the entropy. The average gravitational entropy is shown to always increase as the universe expands. We examine the fluctuations of galaxy counts on large scales. In this limit they are Gaussian, consistent with recent COBE results. The dispersion, σ^2^, is greater than N^bar^_galaxies_ by a factor (1 - b)^-2^. This may increase the amplitude of the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background significantly. We also explicitly find the lowest order departures from Gaussian behavior, which can be compared with observations of greater sensitivity and resolution than are presently available.
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11.30297
2.537641
1993-06-01
16
1993ApJ...409..504S
[ "gravitational galaxy", "_", "small b", "galaxy counts", "the quasi-equilibrium parameter b", "recent COBE results", "the quasi-equilibrium distribution functions", "b", "earlier linear theory", "other theories" ]
[ "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Evolution", "Gravitation", "Universe", "Correlation", "Distribution Functions", "Nonlinearity", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "GRAVITATION", "METHODS: NUMERICAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172682" ]
[ "Saslaw, William C.", "Sheth, Ravi K." ]
[ "Virginia Univ; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesvill; Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994ApJ...427..562S", "1994ApJ...437...35S", "1995MNRAS.274..213S", "1995PASJ...47..509U", "1996ApJ...460...16S", "1996ApJ...470...78S", "1996MNRAS.281.1124S", "1999MNRAS.304..767S", "1999MNRAS.307..376J", "2004RvMP...76.1211J", "2006ApJ...645..940A", "2011Ap&SS.336..447M", "2012MNRAS.421.2629K", "2014MNRAS.438..438A", "2021EPJC...81..352C", "2022IJMPA..3750086H" ]
[ "1966ApJ...145..349L", "1979MNRAS.186..145W", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1984ApJ...276...13S", "1985gpsg.book.....S", "1986ApJ...301....1C", "1987ApJ...315L...1S", "1988ApJ...331...45I", "1989A&A...220....1B", "1989ApJ...340...23Z", "1989ApJ...341..588S", "1989ApJ...343..107Z", "1990ApJ...350..492S", "1990ApJ...353..354C", "1990ApJ...365..419S", "1991ApJ...380..315S", "1991ApJ...383...19B", "1991PASJ...43..661I", "1992ApJ...386....9I", "1992ApJ...391..423S", "1992ApJ...392....1B", "1992ApJ...394L...5B", "1992ApJ...396..430L", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJ...398L..17G", "1992ApJ...400...25B", "1993ApJ...402..387L", "1993ApJ...403..476I" ]
1875806
null
Modeling the Structure of H i in the Galactic Disk
For comparison with a detailed H I survey, we calculated models for the H I intensity distribution, T(B)(l, b, v), for a 18 x 12 deg region in the disk of the Galaxy toward l = 205 deg. In one class of models, neutral hydrogen is in the form of clouds, while in the other class of models it is a continuous medium with holes whose sizes are typical of supernova remnants and superbubbles. The cloud models are a poor representation of the data in that the amplitude fluctuations are dissimilar and the continuity of the H I observations is not reproduced. A continuous H I medium with holes provides a much better match to the data, and the best-fit models suggest that the filling factor for the H I is 20-50 percent.
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11.89055
7.996104
1993-06-01
16
1993ApJ...409..682B
[ "models", "holes", "supernova remnants", "neutral hydrogen", "I observations", "clouds", "The cloud models", "b", "T(B)(l", "Galaxy" ]
[ "Astronomical Models", "H I Regions", "Interstellar Matter", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Brightness Temperature", "Bubbles", "Galactic Structure", "Supernova Remnants", "Astrophysics", "ISM: CLOUDS", "ISM: STRUCTURE", "ISM: SUPERNOVA REMNANTS", "RADIO LINES: ISM" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172697" ]
[ "Bregman, Joel N.", "Kelson, Daniel D.", "Ashe, Gregory A." ]
[ "Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor", "Lick Observatory, Santa Cruz, CA", "Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor" ]
[ "1993PASP..105.1127G", "1994A&A...286..565W", "1994ASPC...58..121V", "1994ASPC...58..396K", "1994ApJ...430..222D", "1995ApJ...440..634R", "1995ApJ...441..702V", "1995MNRAS.277.1243G", "1995SSRv...72..499F", "1996A&A...306..283P", "1997MNRAS.289..570O", "1999ApJ...510..806A", "2000ApJ...545...86W", "2001MNRAS.325....1C", "2004Ap&SS.289..181B", "2006MNRAS.368.1340M" ]
[ "1965ApJ...142.1398C", "1972A&A....19...51B", "1974ApJ...189L.105C", "1975ApJ...198..281B", "1977ApJ...218..148M", "1977ApJ...218..377W", "1978ppim.book.....S", "1981ApJ...245..534C", "1981ApJ...247..908C", "1983ApJ...268..117L", "1984A&AS...55..179B", "1984ApJ...287..167M", "1984ApJS...55..585H", "1985A&A...144...27K", "1985ApJ...296...46S", "1986A&A...169...14B", "1986PASJ...38..697T", "1987A&A...179..219T", "1987ARA&A..25..303C", "1987ApJ...317..190M", "1987ApJ...321....2W", "1988ARA&A..26..145T", "1988ApJ...324..776M", "1988gera.book...95K", "1989ApJ...337..141M", "1989ApJ...339L..29R", "1989ApJ...345..372N", "1990ARA&A..28...71S", "1990ARA&A..28..215D", "1990ARA&A..28..657M", "1990ApJ...354..483H", "1990ApJS...72..133H", "1990IAUS..139..157R", "1991IAUS..144..143C", "1991IAUS..144..387B", "1991IAUS..144..407T", "1992ApJ...387..572A" ]
1898664
null
Corotation Resonance: UGC 2885 and a New Method
Kinematic data on the minor axis of the giant sprial galaxy UGC 2885 show a change in the sign of the raidal velocity across spiral arms. Such a sign change indicates that corotation has been crossed. In fact, two sign changes are seen, implying that there are two spiral patterns. The morphology of the galaxy supports this interpretation. A general method is also presented that can be used to locate the corotation resonance in a grand design spiral galaxy. The method relies on the effects of geometric phase, and assumes only that the spiral flow is wave-based and periodic in azimuth. (SECTION: Workshop on Resonance Phenomena in Spiral Galaxies )
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10.262311
7.258008
1993-06-01
11
1993PASP..105..661C
[ "spiral arms", "Resonance Phenomena", "geometric phase", "Spiral Galaxies", "a grand design spiral galaxy", "corotation", "Kinematic data", "the giant sprial galaxy", "UGC", "two sign changes" ]
[ "Corotation", "Galactic Structure", "Morphology", "Orbital Resonances (Celestial Mechanics)", "Radial Velocity", "Spiral Galaxies", "Azimuth", "H Alpha Line", "Line Of Sight", "Pixels", "Signal To Noise Ratios", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: UGC 2885", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS" ]
1
[ "10.1086/133215" ]
[ "Canzian, Blaise" ]
[ "Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD" ]
[ "1994AJ....108..476B", "1997A&A...318..741S", "1997ARep...41..447L", "1998AstL...24..764F", "1999IAUS..194..269F", "2000PASJ...52..775K", "2004ASSL..319..781H", "2004astro.ph..7152H", "2013MNRAS.428..625S", "2018MNRAS.481.5394S", "2019PASJ...71S..16S" ]
[ "1973ApJ...183..819S", "1973MNRAS.163..163W", "1980A&A....88..149V", "1980ApJ...238..471R", "1981AJ.....86.1791B", "1982MNRAS.201..661A", "1985A&A...146..213R", "1987SvA....31..132S", "1989SvA....33..476S", "1991MNRAS.250..278S", "1993ApJ...406..457C" ]
1876091
null
The Interacting System NGC 7753--7752 (Arp 86). I. BVRI Photometry
BVRI surface photometry is presented for the interacting galaxy pair Arp 86 (NGC 7753-7752). Deep high-resolution images were obtained in order to study the faint tidal features. The bridge was found to be bluer than the tail both in V - R and B - V, the V - R color probably suggesting enhanced long-term star formation in the bridge. The end of the bridge is extremely blue in B - V (0.2-0.4), thus indicating present ongoing star formation. The CCD images were also used to estimate initial parameters, such as inclinations and disk scale lengths for the dynamical modeling of Arp 86, presented in Salo and Laurikainen (1993).
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12.4851
8.425544
1993-06-01
10
1993ApJ...410..574L
[ "present ongoing star formation", "disk scale lengths", "initial parameters", "BVRI surface photometry", "Arp", "enhanced long-term star formation", "the interacting galaxy pair Arp", "order", "Deep high-resolution images", "inclinations" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Interacting Galaxies", "Spiral Galaxies", "Astronomical Models", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Galactic Rotation", "Galactic Structure", "Mass To Light Ratios", "Star Formation", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL NGC NUMBER: NGC 7753--7752", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172776" ]
[ "Laurikainen, Eija", "Salo, Heikki", "Aparicio, Antonio" ]
[ "Tuorla Observatory, Piikkio, Finland", "Oulu Univ., Finland", "Inst. de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain" ]
[ "1993ApJ...410..586S", "1994A&A...291...57R", "1994A&AS..108..491L", "1996A&A...314..729R", "1998A&AS..129..517L", "1999PhR...321....1S", "2000A&AS..141..103L", "2001MNRAS.324..685L", "2009MNRAS.397..548S", "2014RAA....14.1393Z" ]
[ "1969A&A.....3..418A", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1976SvA....19..422V", "1978A&A....68..321S", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1979ARA&A..17...73S", "1980AJ.....85.1312K", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1983ApJ...268..602B", "1983ApJ...271..512S", "1983ApJS...53..269D", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1984MNRAS.209..111J", "1986Ap&SS.124..407P", "1987A&A...179..101M", "1987AJ.....93..531J", "1987ApJ...314....3E", "1987ApJ...320...49B", "1987MNRAS.224..953S", "1988MNRAS.233....1W", "1989ApJ...345..176L", "1990A&A...238...15D", "1990AJ.....99..497S", "1990dig..book..108H", "1992A&A...256L..19M", "1993ApJ...410..586S" ]
1875720
null
Small-Scale Substructure in Relaxed Clusters. II. Clustering Model
We build a simple clustering model which allows us to investigate the typical properties of clumps causing the small-scale correlation among galaxies found in a large fraction of rich, relaxed clusters (see Paper I). We find that clumps partake of the same morphology as is commonly assigned to cluster cores. This is therefore consistent with clumps being remnants of tightly bound cluster cores detached at the moment of cluster merging and not fully erased by the subsequent violent relaxation. This result adds new evidence that most rich galaxy clusters are young dynamical systems.
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11.803225
7.03133
1993-06-01
6
1993ApJ...410...15G
[ "cluster cores", "cluster merging", "clumps", "most rich galaxy clusters", "galaxies", "new evidence", "rich, relaxed clusters", "young dynamical systems", "tightly bound cluster cores", "Paper I" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "GALAXIES: FORMATION" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172719" ]
[ "Gonzalez-Casado, Guillermo", "Solanes, Jose Maria", "Salvador-Sole, Eduard" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1993ApJ...410....1S", "1994ApJ...433L..61G", "1996pcc..conf...95M", "1997ApJ...482...41G", "1997ApL&C..36..133G", "1997ApL&C..36..223M" ]
[ "1962AJ.....67..471K", "1972ApJ...174L.123K", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1978MNRAS.184..185W", "1979AJ.....84...15Q", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1983ApJ...271...11F", "1986ApJ...300..557B", "1986ApJ...305..651C", "1988AJ.....95..284D", "1988ApJ...327....1W", "1988cgls.meet..175M", "1992ApJ...393..477R", "1993ApJ...402..398S", "1993ApJ...410....1S" ]
1876007
null
Bias and Variance of Angular Correlation Functions
We present a general method for calculating the bias and variance of estimators for w(θ) based on galaxy-galaxy (DD), random-random (RR), and galaxy-random (DR) pair counts and describe a procedure for quickly estimating these quantities given an arbitrary two-point correlation function and sampling geometry. These results, based conditionally upon the number counts, are accurate for both high and low number counts. We show explicit analytical results for the variances in the estimators DD/RR, DD/DR, which turn out to be considerably larger than the common wisdom Poisson estimate and report a small bias in DD/DR in addition to that due to the integral constraint. Further, we introduce and recommend an improved estimator (DD - 2DR + RR)/RR, whose variance is nearly Poisson.
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11.88835
3.119709
1993-07-01
1,653
1993ApJ...412...64L
[ "estimators", "variance", "explicit analytical results", "DD", "sampling geometry", "Poisson", "DD/DR", "w(θ", "galaxy-random (DR) pair counts", "galaxy-galaxy" ]
[ "Angular Correlation", "Bias", "Computational Astrophysics", "Galactic Clusters", "Variance", "Correlation Coefficients", "Monte Carlo Method", "Random Variables", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "METHODS: NUMERICAL" ]
32
[ "10.1086/172900" ]
[ "Landy, Stephen D.", "Szalay, Alexander S." ]
[ "Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD", "Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD" ]
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[ "1954ApJ...119..655L", "1954PNAS...40..541R", "1973ApJ...185..413P", "1974A&A....32..197P", "1974ApJS...28...19P", "1977ApJ...216..682F", "1979A&A....74..308S", "1979RvMP...51...21F", "1980MNRAS.192..209S", "1982MNRAS.201..867H", "1984ApJ...282..390K", "1986nras.book.....P", "1987ApJ...320..464P", "1988sisp.book.....R", "1991ApJ...380L..47E", "1991ApJ...382...32N", "1992ApJ...392..452M" ]
1876028
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Dynamically Hot Galaxies. II. Global Stellar Populations
The global relationship between the stellar populations and structural properties of hot galaxies is studied using the same sample of objects analyzed in Bender, Burstein, and Faber. Two measures of global stellar population are used: the Mg_2_ index at the center of a galaxy and (B - V)_0_ color measured over a much larger volume. The sample of galaxies studied includes luminous ellipticals that span a wide range in luminosity, compact ellipticals, dwarf ellipticals, and the bulges of S0 galaxies. The degree of anisotropy of internal stellar motions is known for most of these objects. The total sample spans a range of over four orders of magnitude in mass and surface brightness, and the various subclasses populate the fundamental plane in very different ways. Despite this, all galaxies follow the same mean relationship between Mg_2_ and velocity dispersion σ_0_. The relative tightness of this relation is impressive: galaxies show a mean scatter of only 0.025 mag in Mg_2_, versus a full range of nearly 0.35 mag in Mg_2_. At least some of the scatter is intrinsic, but the residuals do not correlate with any of the structural properties studied (e.g., velocity anisotropy; effective radius, surface brightness or mass). The residuals also do not show any relation with the positions of the objects within or perpendicular to the fundamental plane. The only properties that do correlate are the morphological and kinematical peculiarities of a handful of disturbed ellipticals, as shown both in this paper and in the study of Schweizer et al. The observed scatter sets an upper limit of 15% on the rms variation of both age and metallicity at fixed σ_0_ for bright ellipticals. The Mg_2_-(B - V)_0_ relation is also examined and found to be tight and consistent for all dynamically hot galaxies. Several S0 galaxies have much bluer global colors compared to central Mg_2_ than do other hot galaxies, but these exceptions are likely due to contamination of the global color by young disk light. The generally tight relation between central Mg_2_ and global (B - V)_0_ means that variations in the internal color and line-strength gradients from galaxy to galaxy must be small. The Mg_2_-σ_0_ relationship can be reformulated as a function of the mass of the galaxy M and the average volume density of baryonic matter ρ as defined by the stars. This new relation can be expressed as Mg_2_ = (M^2<SUP>rho</SUP>)^0.033^. Though ρ is used here to denote average volume density, this relation might also be interpreted as a correlation between the local stellar population and local volume density within each dynamically hot galaxy. This prediction will be tested against observed color and line strength gradients in the next paper of this series.
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11.383907
6.97142
1993-07-01
327
1993ApJ...411..153B
[ "hot galaxies", "other hot galaxies", "galaxies", "galaxy", "Mg_2_", "central Mg_2_", "S0 galaxies", "Several S0 galaxies", "global stellar population", "_" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Galactic Bulge", "Galactic Mass", "Galactic Structure", "Stellar Motions", "Dwarf Galaxies", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Luminosity", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT" ]
5
[ "10.1086/172815" ]
[ "Bender, Ralf", "Burstein, David", "Faber, S. M." ]
[ "Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Heidelberg, Germany", "Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ", "Lick Observatory, Santa Cruz, CA" ]
[ "1994A&A...285..775F", "1994A&ARv...6...67F", "1994ApJ...420...87Z", "1994ApJ...427..165H", "1994ApJ...430L.113L", "1994ApJS...94...63B", "1994MNRAS.270..523C", "1994PASP..106.1225G", "1995A&A...303..345E", "1995ARA&A..33..581K", "1995ApJ...448...70E", "1995ApJ...448..119F", "1995ApJ...450...27V", "1995ApL&C..31...95B", "1995ApL&C..31..211J", "1995IAUS..164..281L", "1995IAUS..164..301O", "1995MNRAS.276..961C", "1996A&A...309..749P", "1996A&A...311..361T", "1996A&A...311..425B", "1996A&A...312..777E", "1996AJ....112.1415J", "1996ASPC...98...42T", "1996ASPC...98..467W", "1996ASSL..209..255C", "1996ApJ...458..533C", "1996ApJ...459..110F", "1996ApJ...463L..51B", "1996ApJ...466..114Z", "1996IAUS..171..105K", "1996IAUS..171..181B", "1996IAUS..171..265K", "1996MNRAS.280..167J", "1996MNRAS.280L..13L", "1996MNRAS.281..487K", "1996astro.ph.10200W", "1997A&A...323..749P", "1997A&A...327..503K", "1997AIPC..393..525W", "1997AJ....113..950F", "1997AJ....114.1365B", "1997AJ....114.2366C", 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"2017MNRAS.465.2420W", "2017MNRAS.472.2889C", "2018Atoms...7....4B", "2018MNRAS.475.3700M", "2018MNRAS.479.4108M", "2018NatAs...2..483V", "2019A&A...626A..47H", "2019MNRAS.484.2281S", "2019MNRAS.487.4939M", "2020ApJ...894...75L", "2020ApJ...897..162G", "2020ApJ...903...65K", "2020MNRAS.491.3562Z", "2020PDU....2900573C", "2021ApJ...912...41S", "2021ApJ...920..134P", "2021EPJD...75..149B", "2021MNRAS.500.1343S", "2021MNRAS.507.4669G", "2022ApJ...930..153S", "2022MNRAS.511.3198W", "2022MNRAS.511.4900S", "2023AdSpR..71.1235B", "2023ApJ...951...52D", "2023ApJS..267...41K", "2023MNRAS.518.6325S" ]
[ "1972IAUS...44....1V", "1973ApJ...179..423F", "1973rngc.book.....S", "1974MNRAS.169..229L", "1975MNRAS.173..671L", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1978ApJ...220..434M", "1978ApJ...223..707S", "1979ApJ...229..472S", "1980ApJ...236..430O", "1981MNRAS.196..381T", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1982ApJ...256..460K", "1983ApJ...266...41D", "1983ApJ...266..516D", "1984ApJ...281..512D", "1984ApJ...283L..27T", "1984ApJ...287..586B", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985AJ.....90.1681B", "1985AJ.....90.1927R", "1985ApJ...290..191A", "1985ApJS...57..711F", "1985ApJS...59....1W", "1985ApJS...59..115K", "1985MmSAI..56..223Z", "1985PASP...97...89B", "1986AJ.....91..271V", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986stpo.meet..167O", "1986stpo.meet..213R", "1987A&A...188...13Y", "1987AJ.....94..306K", "1987ApJ...313...42D", "1987ApJ...313...59D", "1987ApJ...317..128V", "1987ApJS...64..581D", "1987ApJS...64..601B", "1987IAUS..127..447P", "1987gady.book.....B", "1987nngp.proc..175F", "1987nngp.proc..317F", "1988A&A...193L...7B", "1988A&A...202L...5B", "1988AJ.....96..884T", "1988ASSL..141....1F", "1988ApJ...327L..55F", "1988ApJ...328..440B", "1988ApJ...330L..87J", "1988ApJS...68..409D", "1989A&A...217...35B", "1989ARA&A..27..139H", "1989ApJ...337...45G", "1989ApJ...344..613F", "1989ApJ...347..214T", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1990A&A...239...97B", "1990ApJ...354...18B", "1990ApJ...359L..41F", "1990ApJ...364L..33S", "1990MNRAS.245..217G", "1990PhDT........51S", "1990dig..book...60S", "1990dig..book..232B", "1991A&A...246..349B", "1991AJ....101.1286R", "1991AJ....102..914M", "1991ARA&A..29..239D", "1991ApJ...367..126C", "1991Natur.354..210H", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992A&A...258..250B", "1992AJ....103..840C", "1992ApJ...384...43G", "1992ApJ...390L..53K", "1992ApJ...399..462B", "1992IAUS..149..169F", "1992IAUS..149..255F", "1992IAUS..149..267B", "1992IAUS..149..277E", "1992IAUS..149..297E", "1992IAUS..149..367S", "1992IAUS..149..466P", "1992MNRAS.254..589B", "1993ApJ...403..573B" ]
1896314
null
A large nuclear accretion disk in the active galaxy NGC4261
THE powerful emissions from the nuclei of active galaxies and quasars are thought to arise from the accretion of matter onto a massive black hole. Angular momentum will prevent matter from falling directly onto the central mass; instead, an 'accretion disk' should form, within which the gravitationally bound material will lose angular momentum and gradually spiral inwards. Accretion disks in active galactic nuclei have not hitherto been observed directly, but theoretical models1 suggest that they are comparable in size to the gravitational radius of the central black hole (about 10<SUP>13</SUP> cm) and are heated to high temperatures by the energy released from the accreting matter. Using the Planetary Camera on the Bubble Space Telescope, we have discovered an unexpectedly large (2 x 10<SUP>20</SUP> cm radius) disk of cool dust and gas surrounding a bright unresolved nucleus in theactive galaxy NGC4261. We suggest that the bright point corresponds to thermal emission from the hot disk favoured by theoreticians, and that this is fuelled by material flowing from the cool 'outer' accretion disk. The spin axis of the accretion disk appears to determine the direction of the galaxy's radio jets.
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14.942447
6.888086
1993-07-01
147
1993Natur.364..213J
[ "Accretion disks", "active galactic nuclei", "active galaxies", "theactive galaxy NGC4261", "Angular momentum", "angular momentum", "cool dust", "thermal emission", "matter", "the accretion disk" ]
[ "Accretion Disks", "Active Galaxies", "Black Holes (Astronomy)", "Galactic Nuclei", "Quasars", "Angular Momentum", "Gravitational Effects", "Hubble Space Telescope", "Point Sources", "Astrophysics" ]
7
[ "10.1038/364213a0" ]
[ "Jaffe, Walter", "Ford, Holland C.", "Ferrarese, Laura", "van den Bosch, Frank", "O'Connell, Robert W." ]
[ "Leiden Observatory, Netherlands", "Johns Hopkins Univ.; Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD", "Johns Hopkins Univ.; Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD", "Leiden Observatory, Netherlands", "Virginia Univ., Charlottesville" ]
[ "1993ApJ...418..709L", "1993ApJ...419..658D", "1994A&A...290..393S", "1994A&AS..105..341G", "1994AJ....108..102G", "1994AJ....108.1567J", "1994AJ....108.1579V", "1994ASPC...54....3E", "1994ApJ...434..110J", "1994ApJ...434..446K", "1994ApJ...435L..27F", "1994MNRAS.268...79W", "1994MNRAS.269..785B", "1994Sci...263...40K", "1995A&A...296....1C", "1995AJ....110.2027V", "1995ARA&A..33..581K", "1995Ap&SS.226...79C", "1995ApJ...448..548C", "1995ApJS...98..477H", "1995BASI...23..327K", "1995MNRAS.274..884V", "1995MNRAS.275..819C", "1995MNRAS.277.1134E", "1995NYASA.759..188S", "1996A&A...305..776D", "1996A&A...313..423H", "1996ARA&A..34..703L", "1996ASPC..103...17F", "1996ApJ...457..598M", "1996ApJ...457L..19S", "1996ApJ...460..214J", "1996ApJ...463L...1G", "1996ApJ...470..444F", "1996IAUS..175...92C", "1996MNRAS.278L..35L", "1996MNRAS.283L...1Y", "1996PASJ...48...89F", "1996VA.....40...71T", "1997A&A...318..337M", "1997A&A...328..510D", "1997AJ....113..937M", "1997ASPC..113..477C", "1997ASPC..121..620F", "1997ApJ...484..186J", "1997ApJ...486..147G", "1997ApJ...486L..91C", "1997ApJ...489..579M", "1997ApJS..108..471A", "1997ApJS..112..391H", "1997MNRAS.289L..21M", "1997SSRv...81....1H", "1998A&A...331...52M", "1998ApJ...496..117F", "1998ApJ...502L..23P", "1998ApJ...504..147R", "1998ApJS..114..177Z", "1998BASI...26..587K", "1998MNRAS.299.1123U", "1999A&A...349...77C", "1999AJ....118.2592V", "1999ASPC..162..101W", "1999ASPC..182...13J", "1999ASSL..234..157H", "1999ASSL..234..247S", "1999ApJ...515..583F", "1999ApJ...525..673B", "1999ApJS..122...81M", "1999ESASP.427..853A", "1999MNRAS.304..434C", "1999MNRAS.310...78A", "2000A&A...354L..45V", "2000A&A...357....7P", "2000A&A...362..871C", "2000AJ....120..123T", "2000AJ....120.2950X", "2000ApJ...529..816M", "2000ApJ...545..753B", "2000ApJS..130..267M", "2000CQGra..17.2965K", "2000MNRAS.312..567Y", "2000MNRAS.318..493C", "2001AJ....122..653R", "2001AJ....122.2954P", "2001ASPC..247..383N", "2001ApJ...555..685B", "2001IAUS..205..182C", "2002A&A...381..810P", "2002A&A...396..857D", "2002ApJS..139..411A", "2002AstHe..95..278T", "2002NewAR..46..187M", "2003ASPC..291..196F", "2003ApJ...582..645C", "2003ApJ...586L..37S", "2003ApJ...590..128K", "2003ApJ...593..115L", "2003ApJ...596..879L", "2004ASSL..308....1F", "2004ApJS..151..237T", "2004cbhg.symp...21B", "2005A&A...436..817A", "2005ASPC..340..210P", "2005ApJ...620..673O", "2005ApJ...627..711Z", "2005MNRAS.362..983T", "2005SSRv..116..523F", "2007ApJ...661..660K", "2007ApJ...663..924K", "2007MNRAS.376.1849H", "2009A&A...508.1253B", "2009ApJ...701..891L", "2009ApJ...706...21S", "2009ApJS..182..216K", "2009ApJS..183..278T", "2010A&A...511A..64V", "2010PASJ...62.1177K", "2011MNRAS.416.2916O", "2012MNRAS.425.2731W", "2012MNRAS.427..204D", "2013ApJ...768...19O", "2013ApJS..204...23V", "2013EPJWC..6108004H", "2014ApJ...795..146L", "2014MNRAS.439.1648A", "2015ApJ...807...15H", "2015JCAP...07..005H", "2015MNRAS.450.1732K", "2015PhDT.......101L", "2015PhDT.......232K", "2016JAsGe...5..277S", "2018bma..book.....H", "2019ASSL..460..363M", "2019MNRAS.488.1917G", "2019arXiv190910759M", "2020ApJ...905...42G", "2020Galax...8...72C", "2021A&A...650A..50E", "2021ApJ...919..137T", "2022A&A...664L..11S", "2022ApJ...928..150T", "2022MNRAS.515.1104L", "2022MNRAS.516.5487L", "2023MNRAS.522.6170R", "2023PASJ...75..722S", "2024A&A...683L...5R", "2024arXiv240617754Z" ]
[ "1961ApJS....6..213D", "1981ARA&A..19..137P", "1984ARA&A..22..471R", "1985AJ.....90.1681B", "1985ApJ...291...32B", "1986ApJ...303L..45D", "1987A&A...174...63M", "1987IAUS..127..135B", "1987IAUS..127..405K", "1990A&A...227..342I", "1990AJ....100.1091P", "1990ApJ...356..332J", "1990Msngr..61...24B" ]
1875940
null
IRAS Galaxies versus POTENT Mass: Density Fields, Biasing, and Omega
The galaxy density field extracted from a complete redshift survey of IRAS galaxies brighter than 1.936 Jy is compared with the mass-density field reconstructed by the POTENT procedure from the observed peculiar velocities of 493 objects. Both density fields have been filtered with a Gaussian of smoothing length 1200 km s^-1^. Noise considerations limit the present analysis to a volume ~(5300 km s^-1^)^3^ containing ~12 independent density samples. We find a strong correlation between the galaxy and mass-density fields; both feature the Great Attractor, part of the Perseus-Pisces supercluster, and the large void between them. Monte Carlo noise simulations show that the data are consistent with the hypotheses that the smoothed fluctuations of galaxy and mass densities at each point are proportional to each other with a "biasing" factor of IRAS galaxies b_I_, and that the peculiar velocity field is related to the mass-density field as expected according to gravitational instability theory. Under these hypotheses, the two density fields can be related by specifying two parameters, b_I_ and the cosmological density parameter {OMEGA}. The Monte Carlo simulations are then used to estimate the random errors, to correct for systematic errors in POTENT, and to constrain the parameters via a likelihood analysis. Our strongest result is {OMEGA}^0.6^/b_I_ = 1.28_-0.59_^+0.75^ at 95% confidence. Small nonlinear effects allow weaker, separate constraints on {OMEGA} and on b_I_. Thus, if {OMEGA} = 1, then b_I_ = 0.7_-0.2_^+0.6^, and if b_I_ &gt; 0.5, then {OMEGA} &gt; 0.46, both at the 95% confidence level. Inhomogeneous Malmquist bias could cause an overestimate of {OMEGA}; our 95% confidence limit for b_I_ &gt; 0.5 could be reduced by correction for this bias at most to {OMEGA} &gt; 0.3. The constraints on {OMEGA} are limited to the simple biasing relation assumed, but the effect of undersampling cluster cores by IRAS is negligible, and the results are independent of the cosmological constant {LAMBDA}.
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11.771495
2.798409
1993-07-01
164
1993ApJ...412....1D
[ "IRAS galaxies", "~12 independent density samples", "Monte Carlo noise simulations", "The galaxy density field", "IRAS", "Small nonlinear effects", "galaxy and mass densities", "OMEGA", "b_I_", "undersampling cluster cores" ]
[ "Cosmology", "Density Distribution", "Galactic Clusters", "Infrared Astronomy Satellite", "Universe", "Bias", "Computational Astrophysics", "Monte Carlo Method", "Red Shift", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172896" ]
[ "Dekel, Avishai", "Bertschinger, Edmund", "Yahil, Amos", "Strauss, Michael A.", "Davis, Marc", "Huchra, John P." ]
[ "Institute d'Astrophysique, Paris; Observatoire de Paris", "MIT, Cambridge, MA", "Institute d'Astrophysique, Paris; Observatoire de Paris", "Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ", "University of California , Berkeley", "Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA" ]
[ "1993ApJ...412..443F", "1993ApJ...412L..55G", "1993MNRAS.265..379L", "1993astro.ph.12022L", "1993cvf..conf...23H", "1993ebr..proc...51H", "1994ARA&A..32..319W", "1994ARA&A..32..371D", "1994ASPC...67...41H", "1994Ap&SS.217..243Y", "1994ApJ...420...44K", "1994ApJ...421L...1N", "1994ApJ...422L...1D", "1994ApJ...423L..81B", "1994ApJ...427..523S", "1994ApJ...428...35K", "1994ApJ...429...43P", "1994ApJ...432L...1P", "1994ApJ...432L...5R", "1994ApJ...434...37B", "1994ApJ...434L...1K", "1994ApJ...435..515H", "1994ApJ...436..456H", "1994ApJS...92....1W", "1994MNRAS.266..219F", "1994MNRAS.267..927F", "1994MNRAS.267.1020P", "1994MNRAS.268..943F", "1994MNRAS.268L..23C", "1994MNRAS.269..742M", "1994Natur.370..609C", "1994NuPhS..35...17S", "1994NuPhS..35..117S", "1994PhRvD..49.4990S", "1994PhRvD..50.6130G", "1994PhRvD..50.6144C", "1994PhRvL..73..215F", "1994PhyD...77..354B", "1994RvMA....7..235W", "1995A&A...293...13S", "1995A&A...294..627N", "1995ApJ...445..537M", "1995ApJ...446...12W", "1995ApJ...446..457S", "1995ApJ...449..439N", "1995ApJ...452...75M", "1995ApJ...454...15S", "1995ApL&C..32..113L", "1995IAUS..164..227C", "1995InvPr..11..765R", "1995MNRAS.273...72W", "1995MNRAS.273.1177L", "1995MNRAS.274..305H", "1995MNRAS.274..755H", "1995MNRAS.275..483H", "1995MNRAS.275..515C", "1995MNRAS.275..797K", "1995MNRAS.276.1391N", "1995NYASA.759...56F", "1995NuPhS..38..425D", "1995NuPhS..44..175F", "1995PhR...251....1B", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1995PhR...262....1S", "1995PhRvD..51.2599H", "1995PhRvD..51.2669W", "1995PhRvD..52.1837R", "1995VA.....39..297H", "1996ASPC...94..171R", "1996ApJ...457..460W", "1996ApJ...472..497W", "1996ApJ...473...22D", "1996ApJ...473...42P", "1997ARA&A..35..101T", "1997ASSL..212..315S", "1997ApJ...475..414B", "1997ApJ...478..462C", "1997ApJ...484....7G", "1997ApJ...486..629W", "1997ApJ...490...63D", "1997IJMPD...6..393S", "1997MNRAS.286..795K", "1997MNRAS.287..591C", "1997MNRAS.287..790E", "1997MNRAS.290..651M", "1997MNRAS.292..695C", "1997RvMA...10..159G", "1998ASSL..231...71N", "1998ApJ...492....1K", "1998ApJ...493..536G", "1998ApJ...495..516S", "1998ApJ...504..612P", "1998ApJ...505..484M", "1998ApJ...507...64W", "1998ApJ...508....6B", "1998ApJ...509L..65W", "1998IAUS..179..281H", "1998MNRAS.297..467M", "1998MNRAS.297..777C", "1998MNRAS.299..425D", "1998MNRAS.300.1027C", "1998astro.ph..2109W", "1998astro.ph..3191C", "1998astro.ph..6087C", "1998paun.conf...60O", "1998tsra.conf..188F", "1999Ap&SS.267..251C", "1999ApJ...520...24D", "1999ApJ...522....1D", "1999IAUS..183..248H", "1999MNRAS.308....1B", "1999MNRAS.308..640C", "1999MNRAS.308..897L", "1999MNRAS.309..543B", "1999MNRAS.310...21P", "1999NuPhS..70...14S", "1999NuPhS..77..402S", "1999astro.ph..9003W", "1999idm..conf...25R", "2000ASPC..201...96H", "2000ASPC..201..306C", "2000ASPC..201..321W", "2000ASPC..218...79E", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000ApJ...537..537B", "2000MNRAS.313..491B", "2000MNRAS.316..464K", "2000MNRAS.318..375C", "2000PhST...85...37F", "2000astro.ph..3232W", "2001ApJ...546...85S", "2001ApJ...549..688B", "2001MNRAS.322..121S", "2001MNRAS.326..209C", "2001PhRvD..64l3002L", "2002ApJ...580..774E", "2002MNRAS.337.1282R", "2002astro.ph..7293D", "2003ASSL..289..343H", "2003astro.ph..1505O", "2003astro.ph..8027T", "2007A&A...461..861S", "2007MNRAS.375..348C", "2008PASP..120...38U", "2009PhRvD..80d3504P", "2009arXiv0902.2759M", "2011MNRAS.413.2906D", "2013AJ....146...69C", "2014A&A...561A..97P", "2014A&G....55c3.33M", "2014IJMPD..2330005D", "2014Natur.513...71T", "2015A&A...583A..52M", "2015MNRAS.454.4142S", "2015PhRvD..92d3515T", "2016A&A...586A.140P", "2016PhRvD..94d3522A", "2018ApJ...868...69T", "2018NatAs...2..680H", "2021MNRAS.505.3380H", "2023MNRAS.522.5291G", "2023PhRvD.108j3530H", "2023arXiv230511950T", "2024MNRAS.527.3788H" ]
[ "1976ApJ...210..642A", "1979ApJ...229....1A", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1981ApJ...251..477R", "1982ApJS...50..241A", "1983ARA&A..21..109D", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983MNRAS.205..605B", "1984ApJ...284..439P", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1986ApJ...302..536A", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986ApJ...307...91L", "1987ApJ...313...42D", "1987ApJ...313...59D", "1987Natur.326..455D", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1988MNRAS.234..677L", "1988lsmu.book..115F", "1988lsmu.book..219Y", "1988lsmu.book..255S", "1989ApJ...336L...5B", "1989ApJ...338..654A", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1989PhDT........12S", "1990ApJ...354...13D", "1990ApJ...359..280B", "1990ApJ...360..448H", "1990ApJ...361...49S", "1990ApJ...364..349D", "1990ApJ...364..370B", "1990MNRAS.247....1R", "1990RPPh...53..421B", "1991ASPC...15...53S", "1991ApJ...372..380Y", "1991ApJ...372..394D", "1991ApJ...373L...1T", "1991ApJ...379....6N", "1991ApJ...383..467M", "1991MNRAS.251..128L", "1991MNRAS.252....1K", "1991PhDT........15W", "1992ApJ...385..421S", "1992ApJ...387....9S", "1992ApJ...389..188F", "1992ApJ...389L..49D", "1992ApJ...391...16S", "1992ApJ...391..494L", "1992ApJ...396..453H", "1992ApJ...397..395S", "1992ApJ...399L.109K", "1992ApJ...399L.113C", "1992ApJS...81..413M", "1992ApJS...83...29S", "1992PhDT.........5C", "1992PhDT.........7H", "1992PhDT........27F" ]
1894816
null
Radio haloes, cluster mergers, and cooling flows.
Radio haloes are rarely found in galaxy clusters with cooling flows, and those that are found are different from the canonical haloes such as that in the Coma cluster. I propose that the big cluster radio haloes are transient, being formed in large cluster mergers and then fading. The small haloes in cooling flows are a result of magnetic field compression and reacceleration of old relativistic electrons by the cooling flow.
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14.482368
4.743036
1993-07-01
131
1993MNRAS.263...31T
[ "Radio haloes", "large cluster mergers", "galaxy clusters", "haloes", "magnetic field compression", "flows", "old relativistic electrons", "the big cluster radio", "the cooling flow", "reacceleration" ]
[ "Cooling Flows (Astrophysics)", "Galactic Clusters", "Halos", "Radio Emission", "Relativistic Particles", "Astronomical Models", "Galactic Evolution", "Interstellar Magnetic Fields", "Radio Astronomy", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.1.31" ]
[ "Tribble, Peter C." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994ARA&A..32..277F", "1994ASPC...54..325B", "1994ApJ...427L..87B", "1994ApJ...436..654R", "1994AuJPh..47..625W", "1994RPPh...57..325K", "1995A&A...302..680F", "1995Ap&SS.227..157V", "1995ApJ...446..583B", "1995RvMA....8..259B", "1996A&A...311...95B", "1996ApJ...458..435C", "1996ApJ...460..244Z", "1996ApJ...472..125K", "1996ApJ...472..131B", "1996ApJ...472..137H", "1996ApJ...473..651R", "1996IAUS..175..333F", "1996IAUS..175..339K", "1996MNRAS.280..438J", "1996MNRAS.283.1047O", "1997A&A...319..764H", "1997A&A...321...55D", "1997A&A...325...74D", "1997ASPC..114..103L", "1997ASPC..115..147O", "1997ASPC..115..182S", "1997Ap&SS.254..233I", "1997ApJ...482..648S", "1997ApJS..109..307R", "1997MNRAS.290..577R", "1997NCimB.112..339K", "1997NewA....2..501F", "1998AJ....116...37G", "1998Ap&SS.263...87S", "1998ApJ...492...57D", "1998MNRAS.296L..23B", "1998Sci...280..400.", "1998Sci...280..400B", "1998ucb..proc....1B", "1999A&A...344..472F", "1999A&A...348..351D", "1999ApJ...511..666H", "1999ApJ...515...42V", "1999ApJ...518..594R", "1999ApJ...518..603R", "1999ApJ...520..529S", "1999JKAS...32...75K", "1999MNRAS.309..651G", "1999astro.ph..6329D", "1999dtrp.conf...33L", "2000A&A...356..788C", "2000ApJ...544..686L", "2000ApJ...545L..11W", "2000astro.ph..1433E", "2001A&A...378..777D", "2001AIPC..558..436J", "2001ApJ...553L..15B", "2001ApJ...559..785K", "2001ApJ...562..233M", "2001ApJ...563...95M", "2001NewA....6...43G", "2002A&A...383..423E", "2002A&A...386..456G", "2002A&A...396...83E", "2002ARA&A..40..319C", "2002ApJ...565..867S", "2002ApJ...567L..27M", "2002ChJAA...2..106Z", "2002IAUS..199..141E", "2002IAUS..199..159G", "2002MNRAS.337..567L", "2002PASA...19..265D", "2002RvMP...74..775W", "2002luml.conf..137L", "2003AJ....125.2393M", "2003AJ....125.2427M", "2003ASPC..301...37M", "2003ASPC..301..349B", "2003ASPC..301..489G", "2003ApJ...583..706H", "2003ApJ...594..709B", "2003ApJ...594..732K", "2003ApJS..149...53Y", "2003MNRAS.339..913E", "2003NewA....8....1K", "2004A&A...413...17P", "2004A&A...417....1G", "2004ApJ...604..108K", "2004IJMPD..13.1549G", "2004JKAS...37..493B", "2004MNRAS.352...76P", "2004astro.ph..7278B", "2004rcfg.proc...35G", "2004rvaa.conf...29B", "2005ApJ...627..733M", "2005PhR...417....1B", "2006A&A...448..853G", "2006A&A...453..447E", "2006A&A...455...45G", "2006ApJ...651..627S", "2006MNRAS.366.1437S", "2006MNRAS.370..319B", "2007A&A...463..937V", "2007A&A...467...37B", "2007A&A...467..943O", "2007A&A...469..861B", "2007IJMPA..22..681B", "2008A&A...479....1J", "2008A&A...487...33B", "2008A&A...490..537W", "2008AIPC.1085..569P", "2008MNRAS.385.2243A", "2009A&A...507..639P", "2009PhRvD..80b3010E", "2009arXiv0907.5000G", "2010MNRAS.406.1721R", "2010MNRAS.406.2578M", "2011A&A...536A..56V", "2012ApJ...757..123A", "2012ApJ...759...91C", "2013ApJ...771..131B", "2014ApJ...780...99Y", "2015MNRAS.452.1328M", "2018MNRAS.475.2870C", "2018arXiv180711579I", "2020A&A...633A.108G", "2020IAUS..342..137I", "2021A&A...651A..41C", "2022ApJ...927...33S", "2024ApJ...965...33C" ]
[ "1949PhRv...75.1169F", "1972ApJ...175L..15C", "1973A&A....26..423J", "1976A&A....52..107B", "1977ApJ...212....1J", "1979cmft.book.....P", "1980ApJ...239L..93D", "1980ApJ...241..925J", "1980PhDT.......114W", "1981A&A....93..407R", "1982A&A...116..137H", "1983AJ.....88..709H", "1984MNRAS.208..709M", "1986MNRAS.221..377N", "1987A&A...182...21S", "1987ApJ...316..611D", "1987ApJ...317..653F", "1987ApJ...319...28Y", "1987MNRAS.228..973T", "1988A&A...199...67M", "1988ApJ...335..688W", "1989ApJ...338...48H", "1989MNRAS.238.1247T", "1989MNRAS.240..129Y", "1989MNRAS.241....1R", "1990ApJ...348...73S", "1990ApJ...355...29K", "1990ApJ...356L..35G", "1990ApJ...360...41T", "1990MNRAS.242..120L", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1990MNRAS.246..477P", "1991A&A...246L..10B", "1991AJ....101.1623P", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1991ApJ...372...25B", "1991ApJ...379...80K", "1991ApJ...380..344G", "1991MNRAS.248..741T", "1991MNRAS.252P..17F", "1991MNRAS.253..147T", "1992A&A...259L..31B", "1992A&A...264..379E", "1992ApJ...386..464D", "1992ApJ...388L..49B", "1992ApJ...397...88B", "1992MNRAS.256..281T", "1992MNRAS.258..177E", "1992MNRAS.258..738W", "1993AJ....105..769H" ]
1894801
null
The evolution of faint radio sources.
In a previous paper, we presented spectroscopic observations of a complete sample of identifications for faint radio sources [S(1.4 GHz) &gt;= 0.1 mJy] and have shown that the majority of the objects are actively star-forming spirals. Here we derive the luminosity functions for elliptical and spiral galaxies in the sample, and show that the spiral galaxies are indistinguishable from the starburst galaxy population which dominates the counts at 60 microns. We show by testing a range of different evolutionary assumptions that the faint radio source counts can best be understood as due to the starburst population undergoing strong luminosity evolution, at a rate similar to that found for radio galaxies and optical quasars. To reconcile this form of evolution with the faint optical galaxy counts and redshift distribution, it may be necessary to consider the effects of luminosity-dependent dust extinction.
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14.599691
6.193697
1993-07-01
103
1993MNRAS.263..123R
[ "faint radio sources", "radio galaxies", "strong luminosity evolution", "the faint optical galaxy counts", "the faint radio source counts", "different evolutionary assumptions", "spectroscopic observations", "redshift distribution", "optical quasars", "evolution" ]
[ "Elliptical Galaxies", "Faint Objects", "Galactic Evolution", "Radio Sources (Astronomy)", "Spiral Galaxies", "Starburst Galaxies", "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "Red Shift", "Sky Surveys (Astronomy)", "Stellar Luminosity", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.1.123" ]
[ "Rowan-Robinson, M.", "Benn, C. R.", "Lawrence, A.", "McMahon, R. G.", "Broadhurst, T. J." ]
[ "Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, United Kingdom", "Royal Greenwich Observatory, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Spain", "Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, United Kingdom", "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1993ebr..proc..237P", "1994ApJ...429L..13B", "1994ApJS...93..145K", "1995ApJ...448..521Z", "1995MNRAS.276.1085H", "1995P&SS...43.1439D", "1996ASSL..206...61R", "1996ASSL..206...85L", "1996MNRAS.279..459C", "1996MNRAS.281...71G", "1996MNRAS.282L...7M", "1996MNRAS.283..174P", "1996SSRv...77..303M", "1997A&A...323..685B", "1997MNRAS.286..470G", "1997MNRAS.287L..17B", "1997MNRAS.288..273P", "1997MNRAS.289..490R", "1997MNRAS.290L..17W", "1997MNRAS.291...59D", "1997astro.ph..4294D", "1998AJ....116.1039R", "1998ASPC..133..119R", "1998ASPC..146..118R", "1998ASPC..146..158D", "1998ASSL..226..157D", "1998ApJ...506L..85C", "1998MNRAS.296..709F", "1998astro.ph..8260O", "1998astro.ph.12256G", "1999ASPC..176..365G", "1999ASPC..181..153T", "1999MNRAS.302..222C", "1999MNRAS.304..160J", "1999MNRAS.304..199G", "1999MNRAS.305..297G", "1999MNRAS.306..708G", "1999MNRAS.308...45M", "1999PASA...16..247S", "1999ldss.work..114P", "1999ldss.work..120H", "2000A&A...356..808W", "2000A&AS..141...89G", "2000A&AS..146...31P", "2000ApJ...544..641H", "2000ExA....10..419H", "2000MNRAS.316..768S", "2000MNRAS.317L..29S", "2000MNRAS.318.1047M", "2001A&A...369..787P", "2001A&A...370..923M", "2001AJ....121.2381B", "2001Ap&SS.276..791G", "2001Ap&SS.276..941A", "2001Ap&SS.276.1169R", "2001MNRAS.322..262S", "2001MmSAI..72..171P", "2001PASP..113...10M", "2001astro.ph.10027F", "2002MNRAS.329..377M", "2002MNRAS.329..605F", "2002MNRAS.333..100M", "2003A&A...399....9P", "2003MNRAS.339..695W", "2003MNRAS.345..939G", "2004ApJ...615..209H", "2004MNRAS.352..131S", "2004MNRAS.355..813S", "2004evn..conf..129O", "2005AJ....130.1373H", "2005ApJ...624..135A", "2005MmSAI..76..166O", "2006ApJ...638..138W", "2006ApJ...649...63S", "2006MNRAS.368..935N", "2007AJ....133.1331H", "2007ASPC..380..275M", "2007MNRAS.377..203G", "2007MNRAS.378..995M", "2007arXiv0704.2051M", "2008AJ....135.2470H", "2008MNRAS.383...75G", "2008MNRAS.386.1695S", "2008MNRAS.387.1037G", "2008MNRAS.388.1335W", "2008MNRAS.390..741G", "2009ASPC..407...27S", "2009MNRAS.394.2001S", "2009MNRAS.395..269S", "2010A&ARv..18....1D", "2011A&ARv..19...41J", "2012MNRAS.426.2342H", "2012MNRAS.426.3334M", "2013MNRAS.433.2764G", "2014JApA...35..157A", "2015ApJ...814..145A", "2015MNRAS.454..952H", "2016A&ARv..24...13P", "2017A&A...602A...5N", "2017RSOS....470522S", "2018A&A...614A..47N", "2021ApJ...907....5V", "2021ApJ...912...73A" ]
[ "1966MNRAS.133..421L", "1970MNRAS.149..365R", "1977ApJ...213..635R", "1980MNRAS.193..683W", "1981MNRAS.196..597W", "1981MNRAS.196..611P", "1984AJ.....89..610C", "1984ApJ...287..461C", "1985AJ.....90.1957M", "1985ApJ...298L...7H", "1986ApJ...306...64S", "1987A&AS...69..487W", "1987A&AS...71..221O", "1987ApJ...316L..15H", "1987ApJ...318L..15D", "1987ApJ...322L...9T", "1987ApJS...63..311H", "1987IAUS..124..573W", "1987PhDT.........1H", "1987rgvl.book.....O", "1988MNRAS.233..175F", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1988MNRAS.235..935B", "1989AJ.....98.1195K", "1989ApJ...338...13C", "1989ApJ...339...12H", "1989ApJ...339..712L", "1989ApJ...342..660H", "1989MNRAS.238..523R", "1989MNRAS.240..349L", "1990ApJ...358...60L", "1990MNRAS.242..318S", "1990MNRAS.247....1R", "1990MNRAS.247...19D", "1991ASPC...21..117I", "1991ApJ...376...95C", "1991MNRAS.251P..14S", "1992ApJ...389..188F", "1992MNRAS.256P..15O", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1993MNRAS.263...98B" ]
1894915
null
Cosmic evolution and luminosity dependence of the physical sizes of powerful radio galaxies and quasars.
The redshift (z) and luminosity (P) dependence of the physical sizes (l) of powerful radio sources is examined, separately for radio galaxies and quasars. Our sample of 789 sources, which includes recent data that have become available on high-redshift radio galaxies, is sufficiently large to populate significant portions of the P-z plane. The distribution of the median values of observed sizes in different P-z bins seems to be statistically well described by the functional form l is proportional to P<SUP>beta</SUP>^( 1 + z)^n^, both for radio galaxies and, independently, for quasars. It turns out, however, that the behaviour of the luminosity-size correlation is quite different in quasars from that in radio galaxies. Amongst the quasars at any given redshift, the more luminous sources have statistically smaller physical sizes (β~ - 0.2), which is a reversal of the trend seen amongst radio galaxies (β ~ + 0.35). Moreover, in a given luminosity range, there are statistically significant differences between the cosmic evolution of quasar sizes and that of radio galaxy sizes. For quasars there is, if anything, only a marginal size evolution (n~ - 0.2), while the sizes of radio galaxies seem to fall rapidly with redshift (n~-3.0). These results support our earlier claim that there appears to be intrinsic difference between the size distributions of radio galaxies and quasars. Based on these results, the hypothesis of the unified scheme, where the differences in the observed sizes of radio galaxies and quasars are attributed to geometric projection effects arising from their supposedly different orientations with respect to the observer's line of sight, can be rejected above a statistical significance level of 0.01 percent.
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15.173842
6.214375
1993-07-01
75
1993MNRAS.263..139S
[ "radio galaxy sizes", "radio galaxies", "powerful radio sources", "observed sizes", "quasar sizes", "high-redshift radio galaxies", "intrinsic difference", "redshift", "significant portions", "geometric projection effects" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Quasars", "Radio Galaxies", "Red Shift", "Stellar Luminosity", "Correlation", "Radio Astronomy", "Size (Dimensions)", "Stellar Magnitude", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.1.139" ]
[ "Singal, Ashok K." ]
[ "ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands" ]
[ "1994A&A...291..737G", "1994ASPC...54..175B", "1994ASPC...54..269S", "1994ApJ...425..442G", "1994ApJ...436..611V", "1994AuJPh..47..599K", "1994MNRAS.268..459G", "1994MNRAS.270..897S", "1995A&A...303....8H", "1995A&A...303..420C", "1995Ap&SS.232...23U", "1995PASP..107..803U", "1996A&A...313..423H", "1996ApJ...463L...1G", "1996ApJ...467..145W", "1996IAUS..168...71S", "1996IAUS..168..477G", "1996IAUS..175..393K", "1996IAUS..175..563S", "1996MNRAS.278.1069S", "1997A&AS..123..219V", "1997Ap&SS.257...23U", "1997AuJPh..50..967U", "1997JApA...18..241G", "1997MNRAS.286..241J", "1997MNRAS.289..355C", "1997MNRAS.292..817M", "1998ASSL..226..227G", "1998ASSL..226..285B", "1998ApJ...494..503B", "1998ApJS..118..275K", "1998AuJPh..51..143U", "1998JETP...86....6U", "1998PhR...303...81B", "1999A&A...342..378G", "1999A&AT...18...39K", "1999AJ....117..677B", "1999ARep...43..135Z", "1999ApJ...513...51C", "1999AuJPh..52..141U", "1999AuJPh..52..147U", "1999mdrg.conf..123C", "2002AJ....124.1239H", "2002Ap&SS.279..251U", "2002JApA...23..235U", "2003A&A...405...53O", "2004PhDT.........6G", "2005IJTP...44..195T", "2005MNRAS.359.1456G", "2007IJMPD..16..397C", "2008ApJ...685..801Y", "2008MNRAS.390..819G", "2009ApJ...691.1058D", "2011ARep...55..293P", "2011Ap&SS.331..397T", "2012ApJ...744...84Y", "2012MNRAS.424.2028K", "2013Ap&SS.347..357O", "2013ApJ...766...37S", "2014AJ....148...16S", "2014MNRAS.442.1656S", "2015ApJ...806...66C", "2015MNRAS.446.2985V", "2015MNRAS.447..479W", "2017A&AT...30..125K", "2017ApJ...836..174C", "2018ApJ...869..173R", "2018EL....12339001M", "2018MNRAS.481.5236B", "2018RMxAA..54..271O", "2019JApA...40....6O", "2019MNRAS.484.3911C", "2021ApJ...913..134K", "2022ApJS..258...30G", "2023A&A...675L...3D" ]
[ "1968Natur.218..933M", "1969drea.book.....B", "1970Natur.226...65L", "1971MNRAS.152..477M", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1978A&A....66..407G", "1980ARA&A..18..165M", "1981MNRAS.197..593D", "1982MNRAS.199..611A", "1983MNRAS.204..151L", "1984MNRAS.210..611A", "1985PASP...97..932S", "1986ARA&A..24..171O", "1987A&AS...69...91S", "1987IAUS..124..251K", "1987JApA....8...33K", "1987Natur.328..500O", "1988AJ.....96..836D", "1988MNRAS.233...87S", "1988MNRAS.234.1091A", "1988Natur.333..319B", "1989AJ.....97....1K", "1989AJ.....98..419V", "1989ApJ...336..606B", "1989ApJ...340...77L", "1991A&A...241...22Z", "1991AJ....102..518M", "1991AJ....102..522M", "1991ApJ...371..478M", "1991cqan.book.....V", "1992A&A...257...11G", "1992ApJS...81....1T", "1992pagn.conf..618J", "1993MNRAS.262L..27S" ]
1876054
null
Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei in Rich Environments. III. The Rapid Evolution of Active Galactic Nucleus Activity in Rich Clusters
The evolution of optical activity in radio-loud quasars and low- redshift radio galaxies in different galaxian environments is analyzed using data available in the literature. For any given luminosity function (LF) and its evolution, an envelope model of the distribution of points in the absolute magnitude-redshift plane can be constructed which predicts the expected loci of the brightest objects observable at different redshift. By applying such models to the distribution of optical nuclear luminosities from the active component of quasars and radio galaxies as a function of redshift, it is found that objects in similar environments from both classes can be described by a single optical LF and evolution law. Furthermore, the high-luminosity end of the LF and evolution for the active galactic nucleus component of the combined sample of radio-loud quasars and radio galaxies situated in poor environments is consistent with that of optically selected quasars. Quasars situated in rich galaxy clusters, however, are found to evolve ~5 times faster than their counterparts in poorer environments. The extrapolation of this rapid evolution is also consistent with the level of optical activity found in radio galaxies in rich clusters at low redshift. This suggests that radio galaxies can be considered as current- epoch low-luminosity counterparts to radio-loud quasars. This evolution scenario can account for the earlier finding that only the least active objects are found in rich environments at low redshifts; whereas at z ~0.6, extremely bright quasars are found in rich clusters. The rapid evolution of quasars in rich clusters is likely to be connected to the evolution of the physical conditions in the clusters. This rapid evolution, however does not extrapolate to redshifts higher than z~0.7, implying a drastic change in the evolution rate at this epoch. This may indicate a decrease in the cluster formation rate or a saturation effect in the quasar LF.
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15.086907
6.433103
1993-07-01
79
1993ApJ...411...43Y
[ "rich galaxy clusters", "radio galaxies", "rich environments", "evolution", "rich clusters", "evolution law", "low redshift", "low redshifts", "different redshift", "optical nuclear luminosities" ]
[ "Active Galactic Nuclei", "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Evolution", "Quasars", "Radio Galaxies", "Interacting Galaxies", "Luminosity", "Red Shift", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: QUASARS: GENERAL", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172806" ]
[ "Yee, H. K. C.", "Ellingson, E." ]
[ "Toronto Univ., Canada", "Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria, Canada" ]
[ "1994AJ....107.1219E", "1994ApJ...425..103E", "1994ApJ...436..611V", "1994ApJS...92...33E", "1995A&A...302....9S", "1995A&AT....8..241K", "1995AJ....109...73H", "1995AJ....109..928H", "1995AJ....110..513H", "1995AJ....110.1492R", "1995Ap.....38..379D", "1995ApJ...451...88B", "1995PASP..107..803U", "1996AJ....111.2167H", "1996ApJ...467..191G", "1996ApJS..104..185H", "1996MNRAS.282...40F", "1997AJ....113..550H", "1997AJ....113.1179H", "1997ASSL..212...81W", "1997ApJ...478..492C", "1997ApJ...480..547W", "1997ApJ...491...69G", "1997JApA...18..241G", "1997MNRAS.284...27G", "1997MNRAS.286..994L", "1997MNRAS.290..292B", "1998AJ....116.1055S", "1998ASSL..226..129W", "1998ApJ...495..152L", "1998ApJ...496...93D", "1998ApJ...507..558H", "1998ApJS..115..163D", "1998ApJS..119....1H", "1998MNRAS.295..946R", "1998MNRAS.297..405R", "1998PASP..110..111H", "1998astro.ph.12195H", "1999A&A...352..383S", "1999A&A...352L..17J", "1999ASPC..176..389S", "1999AdSpR..23..937L", "1999ApJ...510...90S", "1999IAUS..186..393L", "1999MNRAS.306..538R", "1999elss.conf..321C", "2000ASPC..200..464W", "2000ApJ...538...29C", "2000ApJ...543..535T", "2000ApJ...544..671W", "2000MNRAS.316..267W", "2000astro.ph..6455W", "2000nott.work...35W", "2001AJ....121.1840H", "2001AJ....122.2874H", "2001ApJ...557..578F", "2001MNRAS.323..231W", "2001astro.ph..4124F", "2001qhte.conf..119B", "2002A&A...396..773S", "2002AJ....124.1239H", "2002ASPC..268...15B", "2002ApJ...564...86B", "2002ApJ...571..665S", "2003ApJ...597..202D", "2003MNRAS.346..229B", "2003RMxAC..16..271D", "2004A&A...414..927H", "2004ApJS..150...43G", "2004MNRAS.349..518F", "2005MNRAS.364..195P", "2005RSPTA.363..751P", "2006ApJ...642..188P", "2007ApJS..171....1M", "2009ARep...53.1086K", "2010ApJ...722..102S", "2015ApJ...800...93S", "2017AJ....154..253K", "2017MNRAS.466..921C" ]
[ "1975PASP...87..879S", "1978ApJ...226..753Y", "1979MNRAS.189..433L", "1980ApJ...241..894Y", "1980MNRAS.191..399C", "1981A&A...104..218R", "1981ApJ...245..375S", "1982ApJ...257...33S", "1983AJ.....88..709H", "1983ApJ...266..713O", "1983ApJ...269..352S", "1983ApJ...272..473Y", "1984AJ.....89..958H", "1984ApJ...278...11G", "1984ApJ...280...41H", "1984ApJ...280...79Y", "1984ApJS...55..533H", "1986ApJ...306...64S", "1986ApJ...311L...1H", "1987AJ.....94.1461Y", "1987ApJ...319...28Y", "1987ApJS...63....1H", "1988IAUS..130..105H", "1988MNRAS.230..131P", "1988MNRAS.235..935B", "1988PhDT........81C", "1989ApJ...341..658S", "1989IAUS..134..457Y", "1989MNRAS.240..129Y", "1990AJ....100...84D", "1990AJ....100.1441N", "1990ASPC...10..322Y", "1990ApJ...356L..35G", "1990ApJS...74....1Z", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1990MNRAS.247...19D", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1991ApJ...371...49E", "1991ApJ...378..476E", "1992ASPC...31..417Y", "1992ApJ...393..477R" ]
1894828
null
A test for dust in clusters of galaxies.
A number of studies over the last 35 years have suggested that the counts of distant galaxies and quasars may be modulated by the presence of dust in intervening galaxy clusters. Required extinctions are in the range 0.2 &lt; A_B_ &lt; 0.5, widely distributed within the clusters. Extinction should also affect the colours of galaxies, and this reddening is potentially detectable in existing data, if the amount of extinction spread throughout nearby clusters is as large as that proposed (in more distant clusters) to explain the background counts. To test for reddening, we examine the relation between the Mg_2_ index, which is insensitive to reddening, and B - V colours, which are affected by reddening, for a large sample of elliptical galaxies. We find no difference In the Mg_2_ versus B - V correlation for cluster, group and field samples, and can constrain the mean reddening to be less than E(B - V) = 0.06 mag at the 90 percent confidence level In a composite sample of 19 nearby clusters. The upper limits are E(B - V) = 0.06 and 0.05 mag respectively, for the Virgo and Coma clusters. Dust may also be expected to increase the scatter in Mg_2_ versus B - V, as a result of both patchy obscuration, and the fact that the galaxies are viewed through varying depths in the clusters. We find that the distribution of the residuals about the mean relation is the same for the cluster, group and field samples. Our results suggest that dust is not present in clusters of galaxies in the quantities needed to explain the anticorrelations in the quasar and galaxy counts.
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12.471075
7.947648
1993-07-01
38
1993MNRAS.263..343F
[ "galaxy clusters", "nearby clusters", "clusters", "distant galaxies", "elliptical galaxies", "galaxies", "Mg_2", "Required extinctions", "Dust", "dust" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.2.343" ]
[ "Ferguson, H. C." ]
[ "-" ]
[ "1994MNRAS.271..737F", "1995A&A...293..315B", "1995AJ....110.1507B", "1995ApJ...438...49B", "1995ApJ...452..164V", "1995ApJ...455L.115M", "1996ApJ...461..176C", "1996ApJ...469L..81S", "1997A&A...317..385L", "1997MNRAS.286..133T", "1997MNRAS.290..334T", "1997MNRAS.291...59D", "1997SSRv...81....1H", "1997Sci...275...48F", "1998A&A...329...55S", "1998MNRAS.295..360T", "1998ucb..proc....1B", "1999MNRAS.307L..17C", "1999MNRAS.308..651B", "2000A&A...354..480P", "2000MNRAS.315..269A", "2000MNRAS.318..798B", "2001IAUS..204...57G", "2001MNRAS.326.1547T", "2001PASA...18..169C", "2001PASP..113.1449C", "2002A&A...383..367S", "2003AJ....125.2927N", "2003ASSL..281..329S", "2003MNRAS.342..467M", "2004Ap&SS.290..159G", "2004MNRAS.351.1387W", "2005ApJ...634..793N", "2007ApJ...671L..97C", "2008ApJ...680..975M", "2008ApJ...688..198B", "2012ApJ...750....1M", "2020MNRAS.493.2782G" ]
[ "1920ApJ....52...23K", "1925PASP...37..307T", "1930LicOB..14..154T", "1957moas.book.....Z", "1969SvA....12..909K", "1973ApJ...181..609B", "1973ApJ...186..787C", "1974AN....295..163S", "1974ApJ...189...17M", "1974MNRAS.169P..19N", "1977ApJ...214..339M", "1979ARA&A..17...73S", "1981MNRAS.195..831C", "1984ApJ...278....1O", "1984ApJ...287..586B", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985ApJS...59..447H", "1986ApJ...311..156W", "1987ApJS...64..581D", "1987ApJS...64..601B", "1988ASSL..141...17B", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1988MNRAS.231..897B", "1989ApJ...339L...5S", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1989MNRAS.239..939D", "1990Natur.346..153V", "1991MNRAS.252...72W", "1992ApJ...386...36R", "1992ApJ...391..608H", "1992ApJ...393..579M" ]
1875937
null
The Cluster-Cluster Correlation in Hybrid Models
Using N-body simulations, we have calculated the two-point correlation functions of the clusters of galaxies (ξ_cc_) in a set of hybrid (CDM + HDM + baryon) models. The galaxies are identified as density peaks above certain thresholds, to match the observed two-point correlation function of galaxies on scales &lt;~10 h^-1^ Mpc. The clusters of galaxies are identified such that their number density is the same as that of Abell clusters. It is found that both the coherence length (the largest scale where ξ_cc_ remains positive) and the amplitude of ξ_cc_ increase systematically with the power of the initial density spectrum on large scales. For one model in which the power on large scales is sufficient to match the two-point angular correlation function of galaxies of the APM survey, ξ_cc_has a correlation length r_0_ = 23.0 +/- 0.9 h^-1^ Mpc and remains positive for r &lt;~70 h^-1^ Mpc with a weak dependence on the richness of clusters, in good agreement with observations. Our results suggest that the observed large correlation length of Abell clusters, which is sometimes considered to be due to contaminations, should be expected in models which have enough power to explain the recent observations of galaxy clustering and motions on large scales.
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12.314609
4.241524
1993-07-01
28
1993ApJ...411..450J
[ "large scales", "galaxy clustering", "Abell clusters", "galaxies", "ξ_cc_", "clusters", "scales", "enough power", "density peaks", "the observed large correlation length" ]
[ "Angular Correlation", "Astronomical Models", "Dark Matter", "Galactic Clusters", "Interacting Galaxies", "Many Body Problem", "Galactic Evolution", "Galactic Structure", "Universe", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "METHODS: NUMERICAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172847" ]
[ "Jing, Y. P.", "Mo, H. J.", "Boerner, G.", "Fang, L. Z." ]
[ "Arizona Univ; Steward Observatory, Tucso; Max-Planck-Inst. für Physik und Astrophysik, Garching bei München, German; SISSA, Trieste, Italy", "Max-Planck-Inst. für Physik und Astrophysik, Garching bei München, Germany; Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Max-Planck-Inst. für Physik und Astrophysik, Garching bei München, Germany", "Arizona Univ; Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ" ]
[ "1993MNRAS.264..825M", "1993MNRAS.265..507P", "1993MsT...........B", "1994A&A...284..703J", "1994ApJ...428..399K", "1994ApJ...430L..25M", "1994ApJ...432..438J", "1994ApJ...432L..11Y", "1994ApJ...437L...5B", "1994PhRvD..49.4990S", "1994PhRvL..73.1882J", "1995MNRAS.277..630J", "1996ApJ...462...13W", "1996ApJ...467L...9M", "1996MNRAS.278..321J", "1996MNRAS.282.1096M", "1996PhRvD..53..606B", "1998A&A...336...11V", "1998ARA&A..36..599B", "1998ApJ...494....1J", "1998ApJ...503L...9J", "1998ApJ...508..472X", "1999ApJ...515L..45J", "2000ApJ...532..728X", "2000ApJ...534..551S", "2000PhRvL..84.1082F", "2001ApJ...549..669H", "2001MNRAS.327..422M" ]
[ "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1981csup.book.....H", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1983SvAL....9...41K", "1984A&A...140...77F", "1984PhRvL..53.1292S", "1985A&A...146..235V", "1985ApJS...57..241E", "1986AJ.....91.1267P", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986PhRvL..56.1992M", "1987ApJ...313..505W", "1988ARA&A..26..631B", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1988MNRAS.234..159S", "1988lsmu.book....3G", "1989ApJ...338L...5D", "1989ApJ...341..599B", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1989ApJS...71....1H", "1990ApJ...364..370B", "1990ApJ...365...66H", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.247P..10E", "1991ApJ...368L...7P", "1991ApJ...374..395S", "1991MNRAS.251..167P", "1992ApJ...384..404P", "1992ApJ...389..499J", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992ApJ...392..419B", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJ...396L..13W", "1992ApJ...398...12P", "1992ApJ...398...33V", "1992ApJ...398L..81B", "1992MNRAS.254..295C", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1992MNRAS.259..494P", "1992MNRAS.259..761X", "1992Natur.359..393D", "1993MNRAS.260..121M" ]
1875973
null
Nuclear Winds and the Narrow-Line Emission from Active Galaxies
This paper discusses active galaxy narrow-line emission in the context of a supersonic wind generated by the active nucleus, a nuclear wind. Wind acceleration can naturally produce the inferred narrow-line cloud velocities as well as those of the broad-line and broad absorption line clouds with only a weak dependence on the parameters of the active nucleus. The primary obstacle to wind acceleration of emission-line clouds is the destructive effect of instabilities; however, the stability and structure of wind-confined clouds remain areas of future research. Observations, particularly of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, are interpreted in the context of nuclear winds.
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15.054403
8.001252
1993-07-01
22
1993ApJ...411..570S
[ "Wind acceleration", "nuclear winds", "active galaxy narrow-line emission", "emission-line clouds", "wind-confined clouds", "acceleration", "the inferred narrow-line cloud velocities", "future research", "the broad-line and broad absorption line clouds", "NGC" ]
[ "Active Galactic Nuclei", "Active Galaxies", "Galactic Radiation", "Quasars", "Spectral Emission", "Spectral Line Width", "Cosmic Plasma", "Forbidden Bands", "Seyfert Galaxies", "Supersonic Speed", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: QUASARS: GENERAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172859" ]
[ "Smith, Steven J." ]
[ "NCAR; High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, CO" ]
[ "1993ApJ...411..581S", "1993ApJ...412...82S", "1994AJ....107..173R", "1994ApJ...433..602M", "1995A&A...297..321M", "1995Ap&SS.233..199D", "1995ApJS...98..171V", "1996A&A...315..335M", "1996Ap&SS.237..187D", "1996ApJ...473..773S", "1998ApJ...493..129S", "1999A&A...350..805G", "1999Ap&SS.266..207M", "2000ApJ...531..257N", "2001A&A...372..730V", "2002RMxAC..13...49D", "2004AJ....127.1799G", "2004IAUS..222..159B", "2005MNRAS.356..789B", "2006ApJ...636..654R", "2007ApJ...668..730K", "2008ApJ...680..926K" ]
[ "1961hhs..book.....C", "1981ApJ...249..422K", "1982ApJ...262..497W", "1983ApJ...264..105F", "1984ApJ...279..521K", "1984ApJ...285..458F", "1984MNRAS.209..913S", "1984MNRAS.210..147A", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1985ApJ...297..621A", "1985ApJ...299...24S", "1985MNRAS.212..425S", "1985MNRAS.213....1W", "1985MNRAS.213...33W", "1985MNRAS.213..665P", "1985aagq.conf..333W", "1986ApJ...302...95S", "1986ApJ...305..187M", "1986ApJ...308L..55K", "1986MNRAS.218..651M", "1987ApJ...316..505D", "1987ApJ...319..105W", "1987ApJ...323..456M", "1987ApJS...63..295V", "1987MNRAS.228..159M", "1988ApJ...328..519P", "1988ApJ...329..702K", "1988ApJ...332..124N", "1988ApJ...334..121W", "1988JFM...197..453P", "1988MNRAS.232..539C", "1988MNRAS.233..601P", "1988PASP..100...18P", "1989ApJ...336...93M", "1989ApJ...345..730P", "1989ApJ...347...74K", "1989Natur.338...45S", "1990ApJ...352..423M", "1990ApJ...352..433K", "1990ApJ...355...70C", "1990Natur.345..679S", "1991ApJ...369..331V", "1991ApJ...369L..27E", "1991ApJ...369L..31L", "1991ApJ...378...47M", "1991ApJ...382..416B", "1991RPPh...54..579O", "1992ApJ...387..121W", "1992ApJ...391L..75W", "1992ApJS...80..109B", "1993ApJ...411..581S" ]
1876018
null
Spatial and Temporal Distributed Acceleration of Cosmic Rays by Supernova Remnants: Three-dimensional Simulations
The present 3D code for simulating SNR distributed cosmic-ray acceleration encompasses the decoupling of the main acceleration region and secondary particle production region. Two transport mechanisms are taken into account: diffusion and random wandering of the convective cells. The geometry of the Galaxy is approximated by a thick disk within which the remnants are located; this disk is immersed in a larger, porous-walled box within which the medium density is negligible, and the diffusion coefficient is constant. Several observed features of galactic cosmic rays are reproduced.
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7.253761
3.680264
1993-07-01
12
1993ApJ...411..690M
[ "galactic cosmic rays", "secondary particle production region", "diffusion", "random wandering", "Several observed features", "cosmic-ray acceleration", "account", "SNR", "the main acceleration region", "Galaxy" ]
[ "Computerized Simulation", "Cosmic Rays", "Particle Acceleration", "Supernova Remnants", "Three Dimensional Models", "Astronomical Models", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Shock Wave Interaction", "Spatial Distribution", "Astrophysics", "ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES", "ISM: COSMIC RAYS", "METHODS: NUMERICAL", "STARS: SUPERNOVAE: GENERAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172872" ]
[ "Medina Tanco, G. A.", "Opher, R." ]
[ "Sao Paulo Univ., Brazil", "Sao Paulo Univ., Brazil" ]
[ "1996ApJ...464..354M", "1997Ap&SS.256...37O", "1999PPCF...41A.209O", "2002astro.ph.12111M", "2009Natur.460..701B", "2010ApJ...714L..89A", "2010ApJ...725....1B", "2012APh....39...76S", "2014AdSpR..53.1379D", "2014AdSpR..53.1451S", "2019AdSpR..64.2418D", "2021JKPS...78..923S" ]
[ "1970ARNPS..20..323S", "1970IAUS...39..229W", "1970PhDT.........2C", "1971AJ.....76..305D", "1971RvGSP...9...27J", "1972A&A....18..169I", "1972PhRvL..28..985R", "1974ApJ...191..331J", "1975MNRAS.171..569D", "1975RSLPT.277..463G", "1976ApJ...208..346G", "1977ApJ...215..677O", "1977ApJ...217..859G", "1978A&A....63....7B", "1978ApJ...222..471O", "1978ApJ...226.1147O", "1978MNRAS.182..147B", "1978MNRAS.182..443B", "1978ppim.book.....S", "1979AIPC...56..211C", "1979ApJ...232..761L", "1980ApJ...237..793B", "1980ApJ...237..809E", "1980ApJ...239..712S", "1980ApJ...241.1195C", "1980ApJ...242..411F", "1980SSRv...26..157T", "1981IAUS...94...53L", "1982A&A...105..306S", "1983A&A...125..204M", "1983A&A...125..249L", "1983ApJ...272..756O", "1983ICRC....2...17E", "1983PhRvL..51.1010B", "1983RPPh...46..973D", "1984ARA&A..22..425H", "1984ApJ...280L..13G", "1985A&A...143..249S", "1985A&A...148...12E", "1985A&A...151..408L", "1985ASPRv...4..161G", "1985Ap&SS.109...87D", "1985ApJS...57..173M", "1986A&A...155..344C", "1986JPhG...12.1067B", "1986JPhG...12.1087B", "1986crca.conf....1L", "1986crca.conf...27S", "1987ApJ...313..842J", "1987ApJ...316..676W", "1987JPhG...13..257B", "1988A&A...200..279W", "1988ApJ...333L..65V", "1988RvMP...60....1O", "1988gpcr.proc....1W", "1988gpcr.proc...41S", "1988gpcr.proc..163B", "1989A&A...217..311G", "1990A&A...236..487M", "1990A&A...240..178M", "1990cup..book.....G", "1990eism.conf....3M" ]
1875969
null
The Two-Point Correlation Function in Pancake Models and the Fair Sample Hypothesis
We analyze large two-dimensional slices generated by a pancake model for galaxy formation. We normalize these slices to a total box length of 1200 h^-1^ Mpc and extract point samples by a dynamical biasing method. These samples are considered to be statistically "fair" representatives of observed galaxy samples. As initial conditions we use power spectra with power n in the range -2 &lt;= n &lt;= +2 truncated at the high-frequency end, similar to HDM initial conditions. We analyze the dependence of the two-point correlation function on the biasing method used. Then, we compare the correlation function of the whole sample with that of the subsamples extracted from the whole at different scales. The luminous fraction of the overdensity in subsamples as well as the correlation function slope and amplitude reveal large sampling errors on typical scales of present all-sky surveys. We calculate the frequency distributions of the characteristics of the correlation function for each scale and spectral index and consider their rms and absolute deviations from the average values. We present a method to reject the "fair sample hypothesis" on the basis of these distributions. We also compare the results with standard intrinsic error estimates and find that the variations due to sample to sample fluctuations are substantially larger. Since the calculated deviations from the average are due to largescale inhomogeneities, the results on sampling errors in truncated spectra also contribute to sampling errors in nontruncated power spectra.
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12.03133
3.067487
1993-07-01
14
1993ApJ...411..485B
[ "large sampling errors", "point samples", "observed galaxy samples", "standard intrinsic error estimates", "errors", "typical scales", "different scales", "HDM initial conditions", "absolute deviations", "power spectra" ]
[ "Astrometry", "Astronomical Models", "Galactic Evolution", "Power Spectra", "Red Shift", "Computational Astrophysics", "Correlation", "Hypotheses", "Sky Surveys (Astronomy)", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "METHODS: NUMERICAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172850" ]
[ "Buchert, Thomas", "Martinez, Vicent J." ]
[ "Max-Planck-Inst. für Physik und Astrophysik, Garching bei München, Germany", "Valencia Univ., Burjassot, Spain" ]
[ "1991A&A...251..389B", "1993A&A...267....1B", "1993A&A...280....5M", "1993ASPC...51...72B", "1993heac.conf..204B", "1993heac.conf..310W", "1994A&A...288..697M", "1995lssu.conf..156B", "1996ASPC...94..349B", "1996app..conf..356B", "1996dmu..conf..255M", "1997MNRAS.284...73K", "1998MNRAS.298.1212M", "1999ApJ...513..543K" ]
[ "1973ApJ...185..413P", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1986ApJ...301...70R", "1986MNRAS.219..457E", "1986MNRAS.223P..21L", "1987MNRAS.227..739S", "1988A&A...203L...1B", "1988ApJ...332...44D", "1988grra.conf..385B", "1989A&A...223....9B", "1990ApJ...364..396S", "1990MNRAS.242..517M", "1990Natur.346..633M", "1991A&A...243..295K", "1991A&A...251..389B", "1991ApJ...372..351B", "1991ApJ...377...29S", "1991ApJ...383L..33R", "1991MNRAS.251..399B", "1991MNRAS.253..295L", "1991Natur.349...32S", "1991afa..conf..135M", "1992ApJ...391L...5V", "1992ApJ...392..452M", "1992ApJ...401...19G", "1992MNRAS.254..729B", "1992niiu.conf....1P", "1993A&A...267....1B", "1993MNRAS.260..765C" ]
1894863
null
Infall models of galaxy evolution - A solution to the redshift distribution problem?
Galaxy number counts at faint magnitudes exceed the expectations from non-evolving models, based on the present-day galaxy population, by a large margin. Despite this, redshift surveys show that the redshift distribution is as expected in the non-evolving case, lacking in particular the tail of evolved bright galaxies at high z predicted by the standard evolutionary models. We consider here the effect of using a broadly peaked, rather than steadily rising, luminosity evolution model. Evolution of this form has as its physical basis current infall models for the history of star formation in our Galaxy. Incorporation of this evolution - which has the key attribute of a relatively modest yet broad peak, occurring relatively recently - in an otherwise standard population model can account for the apparently non-evolving z distribution, while at the same time giving reasonable agreement with the observed number counts. This occurs because the `extra' galaxies are not at excessively high z (i.e. large look-back time), since the evolutionary brightening at early times is small or even negative.
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12.426809
6.21182
1993-07-01
12
1993MNRAS.263...86P
[ "non-evolving models", "luminosity evolution model", "high z", "Galaxy number", "evolved bright galaxies", "early times", "the non-evolving case", "its physical basis current infall models", "Evolution", "reasonable agreement" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Red Shift", "Star Formation Rate", "Stellar Luminosity", "Astronomical Models", "Star Distribution", "Stellar Magnitude", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.1.86" ]
[ "Phillipps, Steven" ]
[ "University of Wales College of Cardiff, United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994ApJS...94...63B", "1994MNRAS.266..155D", "1995A&A...295..655N", "1995MNRAS.273..257M", "1995MNRAS.274..832P", "1996A&A...311..361T", "1996ApJ...461..525D", "1996MNRAS.282.1247R", "1996MNRAS.283L.117K", "1997MNRAS.291...59D", "1998Ap&SS.262...39C", "2004A&A...419..181C" ]
[ "1962ApJ...136..748E", "1968ApJ...151..547T", "1972Natur.236....7L", "1973ApJ...179..427S", "1975VA.....19..299L", "1976ApJ...203...52T", "1976ApJ...203...63T", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1977MNRAS.181..163E", "1980ApJ...241...41T", "1983ApJ...273..105B", "1984MNRAS.206..767S", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985ApJ...288..456K", "1985ApJ...290..154L", "1987A&A...186....1G", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1988ApJ...333L...5S", "1988MNRAS.233..553D", "1988MNRAS.234....1C", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989MNRAS.238..283C", "1989RMxAA..18..161P", "1990A&A...227..362G", "1990ApJ...360L...1C", "1990MNRAS.242..235P", "1990MNRAS.243..468S", "1990MNRAS.244..408C", "1990MNRAS.247..166R", "1990eug..symp..268K", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1991ApJ...381...14L", "1991MNRAS.249..498M", "1991MNRAS.251...84P", "1991MNRAS.251..474J", "1991Natur.354..430L", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1991otci.conf..267Y", "1992ApJ...393L..45M", "1992IAUS..149..297E", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1992MNRAS.255..557P", "1992MNRAS.258..334S", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1993MNRAS.261...19C" ]
1894776
null
Luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering in extinction-corrected CfA data
The luminosity dependence of clustering in galaxy distributions is analyzed using the CfA redshift catalog, where the magnitude correction for both Galactic and internal extinction is taken into account. It is found that, contrary to previous results, the luminosity dependence of clustering is very weak when the magnitude correction is made, showing no evidence of a positive dependence (luminosity segregation) in the magnitude ranges of interest. The results are not consistent with the luminosity segregation predicted in standard biased cold dark matter scenarios. The morphological dependence is also investigated further. The late-type galaxies cluster in the same way for most magnitude ranges after the magnitude correction. There is even some antisegregation, whereby faint galaxies cluster more strongly than luminous ones. When early-type galaxies are considered, it is found that luminous ones cluster more strongly than faint ones even after the magnitude correction, that is, the luminosity segregation still exists for early-type galaxies, although the degree of luminosity segregation is slightly reduced after the magnitude correction. Combined with the morphological segregation, these facts are responsible for the absence of luminosity segregation in the total sample.
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12.23386
5.325798
1993-07-01
12
1993MNRAS.263..191H
[ "luminosity segregation", "most magnitude", "faint galaxies", "galaxy distributions", "standard biased cold dark matter scenarios", "faint ones", "luminous ones", "the luminosity segregation", "previous results", "internal extinction" ]
[ "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Evolution", "Interstellar Extinction", "Stellar Luminosity", "Stellar Magnitude", "Astronomical Catalogs", "Dark Matter", "Faint Objects", "Red Shift", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.1.191" ]
[ "Hasegawa, Takashi", "Umemura, Masayuki" ]
[ "Tokyo Univ., Japan", "National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Japan" ]
[ "1995ApJ...442..457L", "1995ApJ...450...41G", "1996ApJ...472..452B", "1997ApJ...475....1T", "1997ApJ...481..594V", "1999ApJ...521...50M", "2001ApJ...554..857G", "2001MNRAS.328...64N", "2007ApJ...671L.101D", "2008AN....329...69D", "2009IJMPD..18..453D", "2014A&A...568A..24B" ]
[ "1968PASJ...20..220K", "1976Ap&SS..39..401K", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1979ARA&A..17..135F", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJS...52...89H", "1984AJ.....89....1G", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985ApJ...299...15D", "1986ApJ...302L...1D", "1986ApJ...308..510B", "1987ApJ...315L..93T", "1988A&A...206L..11A", "1988AJ.....96.1593K", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988ApJ...331L..59H", "1988ApJ...333L...9D", "1989A&A...209....1B", "1989A&A...221..191B", "1989AJ.....98.1143T", "1989ApJ...340...29E", "1989Natur.341..215V", "1989Sci...246..897G", "1990Natur.346..153V", "1991ApJ...370...25T", "1992AJ....104..569K", "1992MNRAS.254..677H" ]
1875970
null
Nuclear Winds in Active Elliptical Galaxies. I. Interaction
The interaction of a supersonic wind generated by an active nucleus, a nuclear wind, with the hot interstellar medium of an elliptical host galaxy is investigated. We survey the basic time and spatial scales of this interaction through a study covering the range of probable wind and galaxy parameters. The evolving wind/ISM interaction is detailed, with the conclusion that a true equilibrium state is never possible due to long cooling times. Alteration of the wind by mass loading is considered, and a relationship between nuclear winds and central stellar clusters in this context is outlined. The nuclear wind will fundamentally alter the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. Powerful radio galaxies and quasars can evacuate the entire ISM of their host galaxy. In an isolated elliptical galaxy, winds from moderately powerful radio galaxies will either be confined to within about a kpc or evacuate the entire hot ISM. Even in the relatively high pressure ISM of elliptical galaxies winds containing only 1%-10% of the radiant luminosity of the active nucleus will extend to the narrow-line region. Therefore, nuclear winds are likely to control the properties of the narrow-line emission.
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12.322272
8.398528
1993-07-01
7
1993ApJ...411..581S
[ "nuclear winds", "winds", "elliptical galaxies", "Powerful radio galaxies", "galaxy", "probable wind and galaxy parameters", "central stellar clusters", "The nuclear wind", "a nuclear wind", "spatial scales" ]
[ "Active Galactic Nuclei", "Active Galaxies", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Galactic Radiation", "Interacting Galaxies", "Supersonic Speed", "Interstellar Matter", "Seyfert Galaxies", "Shock Wave Interaction", "Star Clusters", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "SHOCK WAVES" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172860" ]
[ "Smith, Steven J.", "Kennel, C. F.", "Coroniti, F. V." ]
[ "NCAR, Boulder, CO", "California Univ., Los Angeles", "California Univ., Los Angeles" ]
[ "1993ApJ...411..570S", "1993ApJ...412...82S", "1994ApJ...433...48V", "1995ApJS..101...29B", "1996ApJ...473..773S", "1996MNRAS.278..265M", "1998ApJ...493..129S" ]
[ "1961hhs..book.....C", "1963idp..book.....P", "1964ocr..book.....G", "1976ApJ...204..365F", "1977ApJ...215..213M", "1977ApJ...218..377W", "1980ApJ...241..894Y", "1980MNRAS.191..785D", "1982ARA&A..20..547F", "1982Natur.295...17R", "1983ApJ...264..105F", "1983ApJ...264..432S", "1983ApJ...266L..83C", "1983ApJ...269L..37H", "1983ApJ...274..113C", "1984ApJ...279..521K", "1984ApJ...283..694K", "1984ApJ...285....1S", "1985ApJ...291...80W", "1985ApJ...292..104L", "1985ApJ...292..640K", "1985ApJ...293..102F", "1985ApJ...299...24S", "1985MNRAS.213..665P", "1985Natur.317...44C", "1986ApJ...302...81S", "1986ApJ...306..483J", "1986ApJ...306L..61W", "1986ApJ...308..576B", "1986ApJ...311..526H", "1986MNRAS.218..651M", "1986MNRAS.222..655T", "1986RvMP...58....1S", "1987ApJ...316..505D", "1987ApJ...322..180C", "1988ASPC....2..335C", "1988ApJ...332..124N", "1988ApJ...332..163S", "1988MNRAS.233..601P", "1989ApJ...346...68S", "1989ApJ...346..618D", "1989ApJ...347...74K", "1989ApJ...347.1055H", "1989IAUS..134..233B", "1989eprg.proc..339J", "1990ASIC..305..299B", "1990ApJ...349..538C", "1990ApJ...354..513K", "1990ApJ...354L..37M", "1991A&ARv...2..191F", "1991ApJ...367..476W", "1991ApJ...369..121D", "1991ApJ...370...60M", "1991ApJ...377..462C", "1991PhDT.........8S", "1992ApJ...397..187B", "1993ApJ...411..570S", "1993apr..book.....S" ]
1873483
null
BVRI CCD Photometry of the Resolved Galaxy NGC 1560
We present BVRI CCD photometry of ~600 stars in the central region of a resolved spiral galaxy NGC 1560 which is seen almost edge-on, apparently located in the IC 342 group. The V - (B - V) diagram shows a dominant group of significantly reddened blue plume stars consisting of young massive main-sequence and evolved blue supergiant stars. The tip of the blue plume is found to be at V ~ 21 mag and (B-V)~0.4 mag. The I -(R-I) diagram shows a large group of red supergiants the brightest of which are extending to I~19.5 mag at (R-I)~ 1.1 mag. The logarithmic slope of the V luminosity function of the blue plume stars is 0.69 +/- 0.10, similar to that for other nearby galaxies. The mean color of the blue plume stars is &lt;(B - V)&gt; = 0.25 +/- 0.03 mag. The total reddening, including both foreground and internal reddening, is estimated from the mean color of the blue plume stars, to be E(B - V) = 0.40 +/- 0.10 mag, whereas the foreground reddening based on the H I column density and faint galaxy counts is E(B-V) = 0.16 mag. Combining our results with those in the literature, we have obtained distance estimates using four methods: brightest blue stars [(m -M)_0_ = 27.11 mag], brightest red stars [(m-M)_0_ = 27.02 mag], B-band Tully-Fisher relation [(m-M)_0_ = 26.96 mag], and H-band Tully-Fisher relation [(m-M)_0_ = 26.86 mag]. These four estimates agree very well. Taking the average of these four estimates, we obtain a value for the true distance modulus to NGC 1560, (m-M)_0_ = 27.0 +/- 0.1 mag, corresponding to a distance of 2.5+/-0.1 Mpc.
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10.217257
8.719632
1993-07-01
9
1993AJ....106...66L
[ "brightest blue stars", "blue supergiant stars", "brightest red stars", "~600 stars", "mag", "distance estimates", "significantly reddened blue plume stars", "the blue plume stars", "faint galaxy counts", "other nearby galaxies" ]
[ "Astronomical Photometry", "Charge Coupled Devices", "Early Stars", "Main Sequence Stars", "Massive Stars", "Spiral Galaxies", "Blue Stars", "Dwarf Galaxies", "Luminosity", "Supergiant Stars", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 1560", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "STARS: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116621" ]
[ "Lee, Myung G.", "Madore, Barry F." ]
[ "Carnegie Institution of Washington, Observatoires, Pasadena, CA", "JPL, Pasadena, CA" ]
[ "1994MNRAS.271..530R", "1995AJ....110.1584K", "1995ApJ...445..642R", "1997JKAS...30...27L", "1999ApJS..124...33B", "2003AJ....125..146L", "2007MNRAS.382.1552L", "2010MNRAS.406.2493G", "2023MarPG.15106181S" ]
[ "1973MNRAS.165..213L", "1978ApJ...224...14D", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1984A&AS...56..381B", "1985ApJ...299...74F", "1985ApJS...58...67T", "1987A&AS...71..297A", "1987PASP...99....5H", "1988AJ.....96.1599S", "1988ASPC....4..103H", "1988ApJ...324..172H", "1988ApJ...331..605S", "1988ang..book.....T", "1989AJ.....97.1341M", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1990AJ.....99..149W", "1991A&AS...91..503K", "1991AJ....102..113Z", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1992A&A...256...19B", "1992ApJ...387...47P", "1992MmSAI..63..465P", "1992PASP..104..362M" ]
1876001
null
Velocity Dispersions in Statistical Lensing
The theoretical average line-of-sight velocity dispersion along the radius of a spherical galaxy or cluster of galaxies tends to a variable value. Statistical lensing studies often take into account only the asymptotic value, either close to the center or at large distances, rather than the full variation: this results in significant effects in lensing properties depending on the mass density models of the lensing systems. Magnification probabilities by clusters of galaxies modeled by four well-known density profiles are calculated in this paper and the uncertainties from the variable velocity dispersions are shown. It is found that magnification probabilities span a range of about an order of magnitude among the models, which implies that it is impossible to distinguish the model differences from statistical lensing, and the present evaluation of lensing effects may also have a large uncertainty from velocity dispersions. It is suggested that a perfectly adequate estimate of lensing probabilities can be obtained by modeling galaxies and galaxy clusters as singular isothermal spheres, in which the line-of- sight velocity dispersion is in fact a constant.
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11.986802
5.056
1993-07-01
7
1993ApJ...411..513W
[ "lensing probabilities", "velocity dispersions", "lensing effects", "Statistical lensing studies", "modeling galaxies", "galaxies", "galaxy", "Magnification probabilities", "magnification probabilities", "large distances" ]
[ "Astronomical Models", "Galactic Clusters", "Gravitational Lenses", "Quasars", "Statistical Analysis", "Asymptotic Methods", "Line Of Sight", "Probability Theory", "Radial Distribution", "Velocity Distribution", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "COSMOLOGY: GRAVITATIONAL LENSING" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172852" ]
[ "Wu, Xiang-Ping" ]
[ "Paris, Observatoire, Meudon, France; Beijing Astronomical Observatory, China" ]
[ "1994A&ARv...5..239F", "1994ApJ...427L..83B", "1994ApJ...431...74G", "1994astro.ph..6051B", "1995A&A...296..264Q", "1996FCPh...17....1W", "2009MNRAS.398..438D" ]
[ "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1958BOTT...17....3P", "1972ApJ...174L.123K", "1976AJ.....81..807Y", "1977ARA&A..15..505B", "1980MNRAS.190..873B", "1981MNRAS.194..195B", "1982A&A...113...85F", "1982AJ.....87..972Q", "1982MNRAS.200..361B", "1982MNRAS.200..951B", "1984ApJ...276...38J", "1984ApJ...284....1T", "1986ApJ...300..557B", "1987ApJ...320..468H", "1988ApJ...324L..37G", "1989A&A...214...43W", "1989A&A...221..221S", "1989ApJ...339L..53N", "1991A&A...247..269S", "1991ApJ...366..405P", "1991ApJ...380....9M", "1992ApJ...386..408H", "1992MNRAS.257...11T", "1993ApJ...407...33M" ]
1877585
null
Studies of Galaxy Clustering through the Use of Binary Tree Hierarchies. I. Multipoint Correlation Functions
A method is presented for the evaluation of multipoint correlation functions employing the analysis of the structure of a "binary tree" which spans the particular set of galaxies under consideration. A recursive center-of-mass transformation is used and a binary tree data structure is compiled. For a large number of particles, N, the computational expense for constructing the tree increases as N log N. In a similar way, the m-point correlation functions are also determined by recursively scanning the nodes of the tree and binning the m-tuplets discovered by the scan. It thus becomes possible to obtain the same N log N functional form for computational expense for general m- point correlation functions versus a cost function of order N^m^ by the direct counting of m-tuplets. Moreover, it is found that the scanning processes are accelerated if the galaxy set of interest possesses any sort of clustering. If the limits of the counting bins are also relaxed, still further increases in speed are achieved, with little loss of precision in the determination of the correlation functions A variety of artificial data sets and observed galaxy catalogs have been examined with this approach. Gains of more than two orders of magnitude in computational speed are attained over that possible by direct counting of m-tuplets. This permits the examination of much larger data sets or of higher-order correlations than has been possible thus far. The details of this technique are described here, with the statistical results from these studies to be presented in a subsequent paper.
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11.935672
3.210498
1993-07-01
2
1993ApJS...87..179R
[ "point correlation functions", "multipoint correlation functions", "artificial data sets", "computational speed", "computational expense", "observed galaxy catalogs", "direct counting", "m", "galaxies", "order" ]
[ "Computational Astrophysics", "Galactic Clusters", "Astronomical Catalogs", "Correlation Coefficients", "Astronomy", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "METHODS: NUMERICAL" ]
0
[ "10.1086/191801" ]
[ "Ruffa, Gregory J.", "Porter, David H." ]
[ "Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis", "Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis" ]
[ "1998ARA&A..36..599B", "2017ApJ...839...62J" ]
[ "1971Ap&SS..14..118A", "1973ApJ...185..413P", "1973ApJ...185..757H", "1973JCoPh..12..389A", "1974ApJS...28...19P", "1975ApJ...196....1P", "1975ApJ...196..647P", "1977ApJ...217..385G", "1978ApJ...221...19F", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJ...267..483F", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1984A&A...130...79S", "1984ApJ...277L...5F", "1984MNRAS.206..529E", "1985IAUS..113..275J", "1986MNRAS.219..457E", "1986Natur.324..446B", "1986nras.book.....P", "1989ApJ...344...75T", "1989ApJS...71..871J", "1989MNRAS.236P...7C", "1989MNRAS.238..155E", "1990ApJ...359..280B", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.247P..10E", "1990Natur.343..726B", "1991MNRAS.248..159S", "1991lssp.conf..265S", "1992ApJ...384..396R", "1992MNRAS.254..295C" ]
1873536
null
3C 364: A Steep-Spectrum Radio Galaxy at z=0.92
3C 364 has many of the credentials of a luminous radio galaxy at very high redshift: faint optical magnitude (m_R_ = 22), ultrasteep radio spectrum (α = 1.29), and apparent multimodal galaxy morphology associated with (but nearly perpendicular to) a small (2") double radio source. However, our spectroscopy shows it to be at a relatively modest redshift of z = 0.917. Its spectrum is dominated by a red stellar continuum and strong [O II] emission. The infrared magnitude of 3C 364 is K = 17.27, typical for 3CR and 1 Jy-class radio galaxies at z ~ 0.9. Its radio luminosity [log_10_P_1.4GHZ, rest_(W Hz^-1^) = 27.71] is much smaller than the distant 4C radio galaxies with comparably steep radio spectra. We emphasize that AGN radio properties correlate with optical/IR luminosity and redshift only in a statistical manner.
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14.86367
6.115119
1993-07-01
2
1993AJ....106....6S
[ "ultrasteep radio spectrum", "AGN radio properties", "apparent multimodal galaxy morphology", "faint optical magnitude", "the distant 4C radio galaxies", "a luminous radio galaxy", "redshift", "Its radio luminosity", "comparably steep radio spectra", "=" ]
[ "Active Galactic Nuclei", "Luminosity", "Radio Galaxies", "Radio Spectra", "Red Shift", "Morphology", "Oxygen Ions", "Radio Sources (Astronomy)", "Spectral Emission", "Astrophysics", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: 3C 364" ]
0
[ "10.1086/116615" ]
[ "Spinrad, Hyron", "Dey, Arjun", "Yates, Mark", "Dickinson, Mark", "van Breugel, Wil" ]
[ "California Univ., Berkeley", "California Univ., Berkeley", "California Univ., Berkeley", "California Univ., Berkeley", "Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA" ]
[ "1998A&AS..132...31N", "2010ApJ...712..692C" ]
[ "1962MmRAS..68..163B", "1980A&AS...40...91K", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985PASP...97.1119D", "1986ApJS...61....1B", "1986PASP...98..269S", "1987ApJ...321L..29M", "1987IAUS..124..129S", "1987Natur.329..604C", "1987hrpg.work....3E", "1988AJ.....96..836D", "1988ApJ...327L..47C", "1988ApJ...333..161L", "1988PhDT........22M", "1989AJ.....97..647P", "1989AJ.....97.1064C", "1989AJ.....98.1507S", "1990AJ....100.1014M", "1990ASPC...10..344L", "1990ASPC...10..373C", "1991ApJ...371..478M", "1991ApJS...75....1B", "1991ComAp..15..343C" ]
1875935
null
A General Relativistic Hydrostatic Model for a Galaxy
A general relativistic, hydrostatic, and asymptotically flat model for a galaxy is studied. It considers four spherically symmetric regions, properly matched and with a specific profile density assigned to each one of them. We assume that the galaxy is dominated by the dark mass everywhere except at the nucleus, where the visible matter prevails. In our model, the luminous matter located outside the nucleus of the galaxy behaves as test particles orbiting in a dark matter bath and its orbital velocity grows slowly with distance. The end of the galaxy is marked by the vanishing of the pressure. In our model, this condition generates a jump in the density at the outer region of the galaxy and, as a consequence, a change in the slope of the orbital velocity of test particles there. The specific shape of this bump depends on the model used. In our case, the inner structure of the galaxy is constructed following the observational data and the existence of this outer overdensity is proved on general grounds. This feature of the model seems to exist in a set of galaxies that displays a bump in the orbital velocity at the farthest end of their observed region. This effect, if it exists, may be difficult to single out from the background noise of the data. The sudden jump in the density introduced by this model is proposed here as a possible source for the γ-ray bursts detected by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). In this case, the overdensity would contain, eventually, a halo of neutron stars lying at the edge of our Galaxy. The model is scale-invariant and for this reason can be applied to other cases of physical interest. We have also compared our results with those obtained with the Newtonian isothermal sphere.
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10.296089
6.151706
1993-07-01
2
1993ApJ...411..541H
[ "galaxies", "other cases", "test particles", "neutron stars", "general grounds", "the galaxy behaves", "Newtonian", "physical interest", "a specific profile density", "Burst" ]
[ "Astronomical Models", "Dark Matter", "Galactic Nuclei", "Galactic Structure", "Hydrostatics", "Relativistic Theory", "Asymptotic Methods", "Galactic Mass", "Gamma Ray Bursts", "Mass To Light Ratios", "Spiral Galaxies", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "RELATIVITY" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172856" ]
[ "Hojman, Roberto", "Pena, Leda", "Zamorano, Nelson" ]
[ "Univ. de Chile, Santiago", "Univ. de Chile, Santiago", "Univ. de Chile, Santiago" ]
[ "1994ApJ...433..666K", "2003GrCo....9..291N" ]
[ "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1959PhRv..116.1027B", "1972gcpa.book.....W", "1973PhRvD...8.1651A", "1973grav.book.....M", "1980ApJ...238..471R", "1980ApJ...242L.149R", "1982ApJ...261..439R", "1983ApJ...267..535F", "1983MNRAS.202..995J", "1983Sci...220.1339R", "1984ApJ...278..536S", "1985ApJ...289...81R", "1985ApJ...297..423B", "1986ApJ...305L..11B", "1987PhRvD..35.3695I", "1987cogr.conf....1L", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988ApJ...325..128K", "1989ApJ...339..657F", "1989ApJ...339L..21M", "1989PhRvD..40.1344L", "1990ApJ...353...59M", "1990ApJ...356..359H", "1991AcA....41..157P", "1991AcA....41..257P", "1991ApJ...368...60P", "1991CQGra...8..985R", "1991MNRAS.249..523B", "1991PhLA..152..320H", "1992Natur.355..143M", "1992Sci...257..937E" ]
11564010
astro-ph/9302009
Biasing and Hierarchical Statistics in Large-Scale Structure
In the current paradigm there is a nontrivial bias expected in the process of galaxy formation. Thus, the observed statistical properties of the galaxy distribution do not necessarily extend to the underlying matter distribution. Gravitational evolution of initially Gaussian seed fluctuations predicts that the connected moments of the matter fluctuations exhibit a hierarchical structure, at least in the limit of small dispersion. This same hierarchical structure has been found in the galaxy distribution, but it is not clear to what extent it reflects properties of the matter distribution or properties of a galaxy formation bias. In this paper we consider the consequences of an arbitrary, effectively local biasing transformation of a hierarchical underlying matter distribution. We show that a general form of such a transformation preserves the hierarchical properties and the shape of the dispersion in the limit of small fluctuations, i.e., on large scales, although the values of the hierarchical amplitudes may change arbitrarily. We present expressions for the induced hierarchical amplitudes S_g,j_ of the galaxy distribution in terms of the matter amplitudes S_j_ and biasing parameters for j = 3-7. For higher order correlations, j &gt; 2, restricting to a linear bias is not a consistent approximation even at very large scales. To draw any conclusions from the galaxy distribution about matter correlations of order j, properties of biasing must be specified completely to order j - l.
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11.893165
3.101888
1993-08-01
488
1993ApJ...413..447F
[ "matter correlations", "order j", "galaxy formation", "properties", "j", "small fluctuations", "a hierarchical underlying matter distribution", "large scales", "higher order correlations", "biasing parameters" ]
[ "Galactic Evolution", "Galactic Structure", "Mass Distribution", "Star Distribution", "Bias", "Hierarchies", "Nonlinear Equations", "Statistical Analysis", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
17
[ "10.1086/173015", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9302009" ]
[ "Fry, J. N.", "Gaztanaga, Enrique" ]
[ "NASA/Fermilab Astrophysics Center, Batavia, IL; Florida Univ., Gainesville", "NASA/Fermilab Astrophysics Center, Batavia, IL; Oxford Univ., United Kingdom" ]
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"2023MNRAS.520.2611T", "2023MNRAS.523.2498M", "2023MNRAS.525.3896S", "2023arXiv231200679E", "2024A&A...685A..61B", "2024A&A...687A.150S", "2024JCAP...01..033M", "2024OJAp....7E..14L", "2024PhRvD.109l3510D", "2024arXiv240307046E", "2024arXiv240319337C", "2024arXiv240500635B", "2024arXiv240605122L", "2024arXiv240701391D", "2024arXiv240709282B" ]
[ "1977ApJ...217..385G", "1977ApJS...34..425D", "1978ApJ...221...19F", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1984ApJ...277L...5F", "1984ApJ...279..499F", "1984ApJ...283....1D", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984ApJ...285L...1P", "1985ApJ...289...10F", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986ApJ...308L..71F", "1986ApJ...311....6G", "1988ApJ...332...67H", "1988ApJ...333...21S", "1991ApJ...382L...5G", "1992ApJ...385..421S", "1992ApJ...390..350S", "1992ApJ...392....1B", "1992ApJ...394...87M", "1992ApJ...398..429C", "1992ApJ...398L..17G", "1992MNRAS.258..134S", "1993ApJ...403..450G" ]
1873515
null
Star Formation in Early-Type Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
We have obtained multifiber spectra of 125 early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster of galaxies, using the Hydra bench spectrograph on the 4 m telescope at Kitt Peak. The sample selection was based on both color and morphology, care being taken to exclude intermediate and late-type spirals. Surprisingly, a large fraction (about 1/3) of all galaxies in a field located approximately 40' SW of the center of the cluster exhibits enhanced Balmer absorption lines or emission lines, indicative of recent star formation or nuclear activity. In contrast, very few such galaxies are found in the central field of the cluster Those galaxies with abnormal spectra cover a range in luminosity down to B ~ 19 (M_B_ ~ -15). Furthermore, the bulk of the abnormal-spectrum galaxies are located near a secondary peak in the cluster x-ray emission found by Briel et al. [A&amp;A, 259, L31 (1992)] and by Watt et al. [MNRAS, 258,738(1992)1. We argue by detailed comparisons with Kennicutt's [ApJS,79,255(1992a)] sequence of normal spiral galaxy spectra that the anomalous spectral features cannot arise from morphological misindentifications. Specifically, the abnormal spectra are fundamentally different, with [O II] emission lines too weak for the enhanced Balmer absorption. The spectra are, however, remarkably similar to the red Hδ-strong galaxies studied by Couch &amp; Sharples [MNRAS, 229,423(1987)] in clusters at redshift z ~ 0.3 Hence it appears that an environmental process similar to that frequently found in clusters at moderate redshift is occurring at the present epoch in the outskirts of the Coma cluster.
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11.819355
6.140764
1993-08-01
190
1993AJ....106..473C
[ "galaxies", "normal spiral galaxy", "clusters", "emission lines", "Balmer absorption lines", "abnormal spectra", "the cluster x-ray emission", "Briel et al", "Watt et al", "recent star formation" ]
[ "Absorption Spectra", "Astronomical Spectroscopy", "Spatial Distribution", "Spiral Galaxies", "Star Clusters", "Star Formation", "Balmer Series", "Coma", "Red Shift", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: COMA CLUSTER", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT" ]
3
[ "10.1086/116656" ]
[ "Caldwell, Nelson", "Rose, James A.", "Sharples, Ray M.", "Ellis, Richard S.", "Bower, Richard G." ]
[ "F.L. Whipple Observatory, Amado, AZ", "North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill", "Durham Univ., United Kingdom", "Durham Univ., United Kingdom", "Max-Planck-Inst. für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching bei München, Germany" ]
[ "1994A&A...289L..27T", "1994A&A...292....1B", "1994AJ....107.1307H", "1994AJ....108.2054R", "1994ASPC...55..130B", "1994ApJ...427L..87B", "1994ApJ...430..107D", "1995A&A...297...61B", "1995A&A...297..610B", "1995A&A...303..661D", "1995A&AS..111..265B", "1995AJ....110.2009O", "1995AJ....110.2537B", "1995ApJ...438..590G", "1995ApJ...439..113D", "1995ApJ...446..583B", "1995ApL&C..31..285C", "1996A&A...311...95B", "1996A&A...314..763A", "1996AJ....111...42T", "1996AJ....111...78C", "1996AJ....111..182L", "1996ApJ...458..435C", "1996ApJ...458L..63L", "1996ApJ...459...82H", "1996ApJ...466..104Z", "1996ApJ...473..651R", "1996PASJ...48L..37I", "1997A&A...317..385L", "1997A&A...325.1025P", "1997AJ....113..492C", "1997AJ....114.1758T", "1997ASSL..210..225V", "1997Ap&SS.254..233I", "1997MNRAS.288..161J", "1997gsr..proc..175J", "1998AJ....115.1423C", "1998ApJ...492..461S", "1998ApJ...496...39Z", "1998ApJ...500..714V", "1998ApJ...500..750K", "1998ApJS..116....1T", "1998MNRAS.293..124S", "1998MNRAS.295L..29K", "1998MNRAS.297L..34C", "1998MNRAS.301..609B", "1998PASA...15..273O", "1998PASA...15..309J", "1998ucb..proc....1B", "1999A&A...346...13Z", "1999A&A...351...65A", "1999AJ....117...75C", "1999AJ....117..140C", "1999AJ....117.2725S", "1999AJ....118..625D", "1999ASPC..163..286B", "1999ASPC..187..231P", "1999Ap&SS.267..309L", "1999ApJ...510L..15B", "1999ApJ...518..632Q", "1999ApJ...520..514T", "1999ApJ...527...54B", "1999IAUS..183..107E", "1999MNRAS.306..607J", "1999MNRAS.308..833J", "1999MNRAS.310..445T", "1999PASJ...51L...1F", "2000AJ....119..580B", "2000ASPC..215..222T", "2000ASPC..218..283B", "2000ApJ...528..118J", "2000ApJ...532..183T", "2000astro.ph.12236H", "2001A&A...374..919S", "2001A&A...379..347B", "2001AJ....121..768D", "2001AJ....121..793R", "2001AJ....121.1965C", "2001ASPC..230..487M", "2001ASPC..232..117H", "2001Ap&SS.276.1033B", "2001ApJ...553...90V", "2001ApJ...561..708V", "2001ApJ...562..689P", "2001ApJ...563..118P", "2001ApJS..137..279M", "2001ApSSS.277..429M", "2001MNRAS.323..688H", "2001MNRAS.326.1547T", "2001astro.ph..1468V", "2002A&A...393..843D", "2002AJ....124.2453M", "2002AJ....124.3061O", "2002ASPC..253...55S", "2002ApJ...567..178E", "2002ApJ...567..772C", "2002IAUS..199..163B", "2002IAUS..199..166D", "2002MNRAS.330..547T", "2002MNRAS.331..333P", "2002MNRAS.336..382M", "2003A&A...399..813F", "2003AJ....125.2393M", "2003AJ....125.2427M", "2003AJ....126..596T", "2003Ap&SS.285..219V", "2003ApJ...596L..13B", "2003ApJ...599..865T", "2003MNRAS.341..747B", "2003PhDT.........2G", "2004A&A...424...79M", "2004A&A...427..125G", "2004AJ....127..765L", "2004ApJ...601..197P", "2004MNRAS.350.1067F", "2004MNRAS.353..713K", "2004bdmh.confE..23S", "2004cgpc.symp..245P", "2005A&A...430...19F", "2005A&A...443...17A", "2005IAUS..216..239P", "2005MNRAS.357..819S", "2005MNRAS.357..937G", "2005MNRAS.357.1337M", "2005MNRAS.359.1557Y", "2005sf2a.conf..713F", "2006A&A...457...21F", "2006PASP..118..517B", "2007A&A...470...39R", "2007ApJ...658..249L", "2007ApJ...658..710N", "2007ApJ...666..846J", "2007ApJS..169..225E", "2007EAS....24..121S", "2007MNRAS.381....7H", "2007RPPh...70.1177C", "2007RPPh...70.1715C", "2008A&A...481..337K", "2008ApJS..176..424C", "2008MNRAS.386L..96S", "2008MNRAS.390..383Y", "2008SSRv..134..363S", "2009AJ....137.4436M", "2009AJ....137.4450M", "2009ARA&A..47..159B", "2009ApJ...691.1862M", "2009ApJ...693..112P", "2009ApJ...694.1435M", "2009MNRAS.392.1265S", "2009MNRAS.396.1297H", "2009MNRAS.396.2103M", "2009MNRAS.397.2111H", "2010A&A...517A..73G", "2010A&A...521A..28A", "2010AJ....139..765R", "2010ApJ...718L..27B", "2010ApJS..190...43H", "2010MNRAS.404.1745M", "2010MNRAS.406..121M", "2011ARep...55.1016S", "2011ApJ...728...27O", "2011EAS....48..295K", "2011MNRAS.411.2558P", "2012AdAst2012E..28A", "2012ApJ...745..177H", "2012ApJ...750L..23O", "2012MNRAS.419.3167S", "2013ApJ...772..104O", "2014ApJ...788..140M", "2014MNRAS.437.2430L", "2014MNRAS.439.3564C", "2014MNRAS.440..588H", "2014MNRAS.442.1286H", "2015ApJ...800..107W", "2015ApJ...810..138R", "2015MNRAS.452.1617H", "2016IAUS..315E..69R", "2017A&A...607A.131D", "2018ApJ...853..195W", "2018MNRAS.481..981H", "2019ApJ...875...60J", "2020ApJ...890..145Z", "2020IAUS..353..203Z", "2021A&A...650A..76H", "2021ApJ...910..162G", "2021ApJ...915....1C", "2021IJAA...11...95H", "2022ApJ...927..215L", "2023ApJ...944...51O", "2023RMxAA..59..345C" ]
[ "1970ApJ...159..765S", "1974agn..book.....O", "1976ApJ...203...39P", "1976ApJ...209..693O", "1977ApJ...215..401M", "1978ApJ...219...18B", "1980ApJ...235..755S", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1980ApJS...42..565D", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1981AJ.....86.1424C", "1981ApJ...245..845P", "1981PASP...93....5B", "1982AJ.....87..972Q", "1982ApJ...253..556R", "1983ApJ...270....7D", "1983MNRAS.202..113G", "1984ApJ...285..426B", "1986ApJ...304L...5L", "1987AJ.....93...29K", "1987ApJS...64..601B", "1987ApJS...64..643S", "1987MNRAS.229..423C", "1987nngp.proc..276D", "1988A&A...199...13M", "1988AJ.....95..985D", "1988ASSL..141..147E", "1988ASSL..141..227G", "1988MNRAS.230..249M", "1989ApJ...342L..11F", "1990AJ.....99..530B", "1991A&AS...91....1P", "1991ApJ...367...64W", "1992A&A...259L..31B", "1992ASIC..366...29O", "1992ApJ...388..310K", "1992ApJS...79..255K", "1992MNRAS.258..738W" ]
1876052
null
Cosmological Constant, COBE Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy, and Large-Scale Clustering
A flat, scale-free, low-density cold dark matter model with a positive cosmological constant is one of the surviving scenarios after the COBE discovery of large-scale anisotropy in the cosmic background radiation. We calculate the expected properties of the model when normalized to the anisotropy measured by COBE, for various large-scale structure observations: the CfA and IRAS galaxy power spectra, the galaxy peculiar velocities, the bulk-flow motion, the APM galaxy angular correlation function, and the cluster mass function. Several effects due to the cosmological constant and properties of primordial fluctuations from inflation are taken into account. We find that a flat model ({OMEGA} + {OMEGA}<SUB>LAMBDA</SUB>_ = 1) with {OMEGA}h ~ 0.25-0.3 is consistent with all the above large-scale structure observations. A value of {OMEGA} &gt;~ 0.3-0.4 is also consistent with the observed age of the globular clusters and a galaxy bias of b ~ 1.5. The streaming velocity test fits the data at the 1.6 σ level and appears to be a critical test for the model.
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11.89335
1.074895
1993-08-01
141
1993ApJ...413....1K
[ "angular correlation function", "various large-scale structure observations", "primordial fluctuations", "large-scale anisotropy", "properties", "COBE", "a positive cosmological constant", "the galaxy peculiar velocities", "Several effects", "APM" ]
[ "Dark Matter", "Galactic Structure", "Globular Clusters", "Infrared Astronomy Satellite", "Relic Radiation", "Anisotropy", "Normal Density Functions", "Power Spectra", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "COSMOLOGY: COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172970" ]
[ "Kofman, Lev A.", "Gnedin, Nickolay Y.", "Bahcall, Neta A." ]
[ "Toronto Univ., Canada", "Princeton Univ. Observatory, NJ", "Princeton Univ. Observatory, NJ" ]
[ "1993ApJ...417..387C", "1993MNRAS.265..145B", "1993MNRAS.265..379L", "1993MNRAS.265..727H", "1994AJ....108..745V", "1994ARA&A..32..319W", "1994ApJ...420..525V", "1994ApJ...421L..67M", "1994ApJ...422L..41S", "1994ApJ...427..523S", "1994ApJ...428..399K", "1994ApJ...429....4C", "1994ApJ...430L..13B", "1994ApJ...431..569P", "1994ApJ...432L...5R", "1994ApJ...432L..11Y", "1994ApJ...434..417G", "1994ApJ...434L...1K", "1994ApJ...436...23B", "1994ApJ...436..423B", "1994ApJ...437L...1D", "1994ApJ...437L...9C", "1994MNRAS.267.1020P", "1994MNRAS.269.1077P", "1994MNRAS.271..223B", "1994PASJ...46..319U", "1994PhRvD..50.4827P", "1994PhRvD..50.4835M", "1994PhRvD..50.4890S", "1994PhRvD..50.7173I", "1994PhRvL..72...13B", "1994astro.ph..4020B", "1995A&A...301..321W", "1995ApJ...445....7R", "1995ApJ...445..553M", "1995ApJ...445L..77L", "1995ApJ...446...49B", "1995ApJ...447..465P", "1995ApJ...449..476R", "1995ApJ...450..477W", "1995ApL&C..32...53B", "1995MNRAS.273.1177L", "1995MNRAS.277..616T", "1995MNRAS.277.1225S", "1995MNRAS.277.1254K", "1995NCimB.110..865F", "1995NYASA.759..650G", "1995PhR...262....1S", "1995PhRvD..51.4154M", "1995PhRvD..52.1837R", "1995PhRvL..75.2077F", "1995Sci...268..829S", "1995astro.ph.12142B", "1996A&A...307..703F", "1996AJ....112....1A", "1996ApJ...456....1G", "1996ApJ...460...10L", "1996ApJ...465...34V", "1996ApJ...465..499G", "1996ApJ...466...13K", "1996ApJ...470..102K", "1996ApJ...470..115G", "1996ApJ...471..582M", "1996ApJ...472L..73G", "1996MNRAS.278..644L", "1996MNRAS.279..712B", "1996MNRAS.281..323V", "1996MNRAS.282..281L", "1996MNRAS.282..384M", "1996MNRAS.283..107W", "1996NuPhS..51...30P", "1996dmu..conf....1P", "1997APHHI...5..271S", "1997ApJ...474...13S", "1997ApJ...480..466K", "1997ApJ...483....8C", "1997ApJ...485...39C", "1997ApJ...486...42G", "1997ChA&A..21..381M", "1997JPhSt...1..287N", "1997MNRAS.284..633D", "1997MNRAS.292...27H", "1997PhRvD..55.1851C", "1997PhRvE..55.1048C", "1997astro.ph..7285P", "1997cdc..conf..535P", "1998A&A...336...11V", "1998ApJ...501..461K", "1998ApJ...509...16C", "1998ApJS..114...37B", "1998GReGr..30..573S", "1998JETPL..68..757S", "1998MNRAS.294..245C", "1998MNRAS.297..486C", "1998MNRAS.297..769L", "1998PhRvD..57.4642F", "1998astro.ph.10088P", "1999A&A...348....1L", "1999ASPC..176..328V", "1999CQGra..16..149G", "1999CQGra..16..653D", "1999MNRAS.303...45L", "1999NuPhB.556..397M", "1999PhLB..460..276M", "1999RSPTA.357..117S", "1999Sci...284.1481B", "1999fsu..conf....3P", "2000IJMPD...9..373S", "2000NuPhB.588..419M", "2000PhRvD..62h1301L", "2001ApJ...550L.121R", "2001ApJ...559...29C", "2001LRR.....4....1C", "2001MNRAS.325.1197V", "2001NuPhS..91..387T", "2001PhRvD..63d3007T", "2001cghr.confE...8A", "2002A&A...386..775A", "2002ARA&A..40..539R", "2002MNRAS.331..776V", "2002MNRAS.336..892K", "2003PhR...380..235P", "2003PhRvD..68l3503A", "2005gr.qc.....9042F", "2006CaJPh..84..419S", "2006PhR...429..307L", "2008PhRvL.100p1301L", "2008PhyU...51..283L", "2010ApJ...715.1508S", "2010IJTP...49.1140Y", "2011AJ....142...72E", "2013A&A...556A..97C", "2013RAA....13..501Y", "2015MNRAS.452.1421R", "2017PhRvD..96b3542N", "2017RuPhJ..60..958V", "2018EPJH...43...73O", "2018RPPh...81a6901H", "2019MNRAS.485.1720H", "2020arXiv200109779J", "2021JCAP...12..016M" ]
[ "1967ApJ...147...73S", "1977ApJ...217..385G", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1981Sci...213..825V", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983ApJ...270...20B", "1983SvAL....9...41K", "1983veu..conf..449D", "1984ApJ...284..439P", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985Natur.314..718S", "1985SvAL...11..133S", "1985SvAL...11..271K", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1987ApJ...313..505W", "1987MNRAS.227....1K", "1987Natur.326..455D", "1988ARA&A..26..631B", "1988MNRAS.234..569G", "1988PhRvD..37.3406R", "1989RvMP...61....1W", "1990ApJ...350..645S", "1990ApJ...364..370B", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.242P..59P", "1990MNRAS.246..433M", "1990Natur.348..705E", "1990ppic.book.....L", "1991ASIC..348..257C", "1991ApJ...375..499I", "1991ApJ...378L...5N", "1991MNRAS.251..128L", "1991MNRAS.253...99F", "1992ARA&A..30..499C", "1992ApJ...389..453C", "1992ApJ...391L...5V", "1992ApJ...392..419B", "1992ApJ...394..515C", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992ApJ...396L..13W", "1992ApJ...398...33V", "1992ApJ...398L..81B", "1992ApJ...399L..11C", "1992ApJ...399L.113C", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1992Natur.356..489D", "1992Natur.359..393D", "1992PhRvL..68..733G", "1993ApJ...402...42F", "1993ApJ...407L..49B" ]
1894922
null
Luminosity dependence of optical activity and alignments in radio galaxies
We present the results of deep infrared imaging of matched samples of 3CR and fainter Parkes radio galaxies in a redshift band around z ~ 1. The difference in radio power of a factor ~10 between these galaxies has a marked effect upon their optical/infrared properties. The 3CR galaxies, despite beIng more nucleated at K than at optical wavelengths, nevertheless display a clear infrared-radio `alignment effect'. In contrast, the Parkes galaxies are rounder and show no statistical tendency for their radio and optical/infrared axes to be aligned. The Parkes galaxies are also redder than most of the 3CR galaxies, consistent with the absence or reduced amplitude of an aligned blue component associated with the radio activity. The amplitude of this blue component displays a strong correlation with a combination of radio power and spectral index. We show that this is analogous to the correlation between radio-jet power and L_NLR_ found by Rawlings &amp; Saunders, but propose that both correlations arise from a underlying correlation with environment. Considering also (i) the universal shape of the UV continuum; (ii) the common detection of significant optical/UV polarization; (iii) the inaccuracy of the optical-radio alignments; (iv) the close spatial correspondence between the extended UV continuum and line emission; and (v) the correlation between radio-lobe depolarization and extended optical emission, we conclude that a scattering model is preferred. A large fraction of the optical/UV activity and the optical alignment effect in the 3CR sample probably results from Thomson scattering of a `flat' (f_v_ is proportional to V^-0.2^) quasar continuum emitted within a broad cone centred on the radio axis. At least part of the aligned infrared light may have a separate if related origin: when infrared alignments occur, they are tightly aligned with the radio axis. Possible mechanisms include inverse Compton scattering of microwave background photons, or Thomson scattering of a much steeper v^-1.5^ blazar continuum, emitted within a narrower cone of opening angle &lt;~ 10^deg^. Finally we argue that the small dispersion in colour displayed by the Parkes galaxies indicates that the significant AGN contamination of optical/infrared light seen in the 3CR galaxies is largely confined to the top decade of radio power. Less extreme radio galaxies may still be useful as probes of elliptical galaxy evolution - and indicate a low degree of star-forming activity at z = 1.
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14.850308
6.191658
1993-08-01
115
1993MNRAS.263..936D
[ "radio power", "extended optical emission", "optical wavelengths", "elliptical galaxy evolution", "infrared alignments", "3CR and fainter Parkes radio galaxies", "deep infrared imaging", "Thomson scattering", "inverse Compton scattering", "Less extreme radio galaxies" ]
[ "None" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.4.936" ]
[ "Dunlop, J. S.", "Peacock, J. A." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1993MNRAS.264..455D", "1993MNRAS.265..431C", "1993ebr..proc..237P", "1994AJ....107..480C", "1994AJ....108..828T", "1994ASPC...54..175B", "1994ApJ...431..123D", "1994ApJ...435..577W", "1994MNRAS.268...79W", "1994Natur.370..347D", "1994PASP..106....1T", "1995AJ....109..486O", "1995ASPC...84..478M", "1995Ap&SS.233..311H", "1995ApJ...454..683S", "1995MNRAS.272L...5E", "1995MNRAS.273..821L", "1995MNRAS.273L...7C", "1995MNRAS.274..428R", "1995MNRAS.275..169G", "1995MNRAS.276..947A", "1995MNRAS.277..995L", "1996ApJ...457..658E", "1996ApJ...460...68E", "1996ApJ...462..163H", "1996ApJ...465..157D", "1996ApJS..103..331L", "1996ApJS..106..215C", "1996ApJS..106..247C", "1996IAUS..168...79D", "1996IAUS..175..234C", "1996IAUS..175..467H", "1996IAUS..175..571M", "1996IAUS..175..581D", "1996MNRAS.279L..13R", "1996MNRAS.283..930T", "1996MNRAS.283L.123S", "1996Natur.381..581D", "1996Natur.383..502R", "1997A&A...326..580P", "1997AJ....114..511R", "1997ApJ...476..677C", "1997ApJ...484..163R", "1997ApJ...484..581S", "1997ApJ...491...78C", "1997ApJS..112..415M", "1997JApA...18..241G", "1997MNRAS.286..241J", "1997MNRAS.289..766H", "1997MNRAS.291..593E", "1997MNRAS.292..758B", "1997euvl.conf..285R", "1997hsth.conf...99D", "1998ASSL..226..171R", "1998ASSL..226..267V", "1998ApJ...498..553E", "1998ApJ...502..614V", "1998ApJ...508L.115L", "1998MNRAS.294..494S", "1998MNRAS.295...10L", "1998MNRAS.295..549B", "1998MNRAS.297..128C", "1998MNRAS.297..405R", "1998MNRAS.298..583I", "1998MNRAS.298..966L", "1998MNRAS.299..357B", "1999A&AS..134..401J", "1999A&AS..134..505P", "1999A&AS..135..299V", "1999AJ....117..677B", "1999AJ....117.1122S", "1999ApJ...525..659S", "1999MNRAS.307..420L", "1999MNRAS.308.1087L", "1999MNRAS.309..273H", "1999MNRAS.309..474L", "1999MNRAS.309.1017W", "1999PASP..111.1475S", "1999PhDT.......255L", "1999mdrg.conf...19D", "1999mdrg.conf..203R", "2000MNRAS.311....1B", "2000MNRAS.317..120R", "2000MNRAS.317..801W", "2000PASJ...52...43Y", "2001MNRAS.320..347C", "2001MNRAS.324....1W", "2001MNRAS.326.1585J", "2001MNRAS.328..882W", "2001qhte.conf..333J", "2002AJ....123..637D", "2002LNP...589...71B", "2002MNRAS.330...17B", "2002MNRAS.331..673S", "2002MNRAS.332..479J", "2002NewAR..46...75B", "2003A&A...406..435S", "2003mglh.conf..148J", "2004MNRAS.349..503G", "2005ApJ...627...97O", "2006AJ....132.1405S", "2008A&A...478..321B", "2008ApJS..175..423P", "2009ApJS..185..124S", "2009MNRAS.394.2197B", "2011MNRAS.412..295T", "2011MNRAS.416.1900R", "2011arXiv1101.0837A", "2012A&AT...27..557A", "2012MNRAS.420.3621T", "2015MNRAS.447.1184F", "2017MNRAS.466.4346M", "2018ApJS..235...32S", "2021ApJS..253...25K", "2024ApJ...963...91B" ]
[ "1968MNRAS.138..259M", "1977MmRAS..84...61J", "1979PASP...91...35W", "1980MNRAS.190..903L", "1982MNRAS.199..611A", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1983ApJ...273..105B", "1984ApJ...285L..49S", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985MNRAS.215...37L", "1985PASP...97..165K", "1985PhDT.......122W", "1986ASIC..180..197W", "1986MNRAS.218...31D", "1986MNRAS.218..265P", "1987A&A...186....1G", "1987AJ.....93.1307D", "1987ApJ...319L..39M", "1987ApJ...321L..29M", "1987ApJS...63..335B", "1987IAUS..124..129S", "1987MNRAS.227...97R", "1987Natur.326..268L", "1987Natur.329..604C", "1988ApJ...324L...1L", "1988ApJ...329L..75C", "1988ApJ...331L..73L", "1988ApJ...333L..37L", "1988Natur.334..591D", "1989AJ.....97..647P", "1989ApJ...336..606B", "1989ApJ...340...77L", "1989ApJ...342L..59D", "1989ApJ...345L..21B", "1989MNRAS.236...47R", "1989MNRAS.238.1171D", "1989MNRAS.238P..41F", "1989MNRAS.239..401L", "1989MNRAS.239P...1R", "1989MNRAS.240..129Y", "1989MNRAS.240..257D", "1989MNRAS.240..657S", "1989MNRAS.240..701R", "1989Natur.341..307D", "1989Natur.341..422T", "1989PhDT.......176M", "1990A&A...227...19S", "1990ASPC...10..373C", "1990ApJ...348L...1C", "1990ApJ...350L...1L", "1990ApJ...351L...9E", "1990ApJ...353..419B", "1990ApJ...354L...9C", "1990ApJ...355..416D", "1990ApJ...357...38H", "1990ApJ...363...21C", "1990MNRAS.242..570B", "1990MNRAS.243P...1E", "1990MNRAS.244..207M", "1991ASPC...14..100E", "1991ASPC...14..112D", "1991ApJ...366L..69J", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1991ApJ...371..478M", "1991ApJ...372L..67D", "1991ApJ...382..115W", "1991ApJ...383..135K", "1991MNRAS.249..343L", "1991MNRAS.249..729R", "1991MNRAS.253..287A", "1991Natur.349..138R", "1992ApJ...385...61R", "1992ApJ...386L...9D", "1992ApJ...397...49E", "1992ApJ...399..426D", "1992MNRAS.256P..53T", "1992MNRAS.259...89B", "1993ApJ...411...67E" ]
1876093
null
Percolation Technique for Galaxy Clustering
We study percolation in mass and galaxy distributions obtained in three-dimensional simulations of the CDM, C + HDM, and the power law (n = - 1) models in the {OMEGA} = 1 universe. Percolation statistics is used here as a quantitative measure of the degree to which a mass or galaxy distribution is of a filamentary or cellular type. We have developed a very fast code (based on the 1985 algorithm described by Stauffer) which calculates the statistics of clusters along with the direct detection of percolation. We found that two parameters- μ_infinity_ (eq. [3]), characterizing the size of the largest cluster, and μ^2^ (eq. [4]), characterizing the weighted mean size of all clusters excluding the largest one-are extremely useful for evaluating the percolation threshold. An advantage of using these parameters is their low sensitivity to boundary effects. We show that both the CDM and the C + HDM models are extremely filamentary both in mass and galaxy distribution. The percolation thresholds for the mass distributions are P_c_ = 0.023 +/- 0.005 in the C + HDM and P_c_ = 0.044 +/- 0.005 in CDM models compared to P_c_ = 0.16 for a Gaussian random field. For galaxy samples with a few thousand galaxies the thresholds are P_c_,C+HDM = 0.06 +/- 0.02 and P_c_,CDM = 0.10 +/- 0.02 compared to P_c_ = 0.31 for a Poisson distribution. Percolation in regions having the shape of a parallelepiped is discussed in the context of the applications of percolation statistics to real galaxy catalogs.
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11.893229
3.67254
1993-08-01
65
1993ApJ...413...48K
[ "Percolation statistics", "percolation statistics", "C + HDM", "CDM models", "Percolation", "percolation", "real galaxy catalogs", "galaxy samples", "clusters", "P_c" ]
[ "Dark Matter", "Galactic Clusters", "Galactic Structure", "Mass Distribution", "Percolation", "Three Dimensional Models", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "METHODS: NUMERICAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER" ]
1
[ "10.1086/172975" ]
[ "Klypin, Anatoly", "Shandarin, Sergei F." ]
[ "Kansas Univ., Lawrence", "Kansas Univ., Lawrence" ]
[ "1993qavp.rept.....H", "1994ApJ...430L..17F", "1995ApJ...453L..73W", "1995PhR...262....1S", "1995clun.conf...55S", "1996A&A...309...23L", "1996ApJ...456...55B", "1996ApJ...462L...5S", "1996ApJ...465....2Y", "1996ChA&A..20..146S", "1996MNRAS.282.1461B", "1997ASSL..211...95F", "1997ApJ...476L...1S", "1997Prama..49..131S", "1997daa..conf..297V", "1998ApJ...495L...5S", "1998ApJ...505...12S", "1998ApJ...507L.109S", "1998ApJ...508..551S", "1998MNRAS.294..245C", "1999ASPC..176..297M", "1999ApJ...520..507B", "1999ApJ...526..568S", "1999IAUS..183..210S", "1999MNRAS.306..575D", "1999Prama..53..995S", "2000PhRvL..85.5515C", "2001A&A...366..376V", "2001AJ....122.2222E", "2002MNRAS.331..865S", "2003MNRAS.343...22S", "2004MNRAS.353..162S", "2004MNRAS.354..183D", "2005astro.ph..2105S", "2006PhDT.......399S", "2007MNRAS.375..337C", "2010PhRvD..81j3006S", "2010RMxAA..46..115Z", "2011ApJ...730...33Y", "2014A&A...568A..46E", "2014ApJ...781...97X", "2015MNRAS.452.3369C", "2017A&A...605A..27G", "2017A&A...605A..80C", "2017ApJ...844..117X", "2017PhyA..488....8R", "2018A&A...616A.141E", "2018MNRAS.477.1984B", "2018MNRAS.479..973C", "2018PhRvD..97b3534Z", "2018PhRvE..98f2409R", "2019A&A...623A..97E", "2019A&A...630A..62E", "2019A&C....27...34X", "2019MNRAS.485.2235B", "2020MNRAS.491.4294K", "2020MNRAS.497.2954L", "2021MNRAS.507.2968W", "2022JCAP...11..027P", "2022MNRAS.516.5110K", "2023JCAP...05..014D", "2023MNRAS.518.1361T", "2024MNRAS.530..191G", "2024PhRvE.109f4118K", "2024arXiv240702574R" ]
[ "1979PhR....54....1S", "1979pts..book.....Z", "1981csup.book.....H", "1982SvAL....8..102Z", "1983MNRAS.205P..61B", "1983SvAL....9..104S", "1984MNRAS.206..529E", "1985ApJ...288..411D", "1987SvA....31....8K", "1989ApJ...343....1D", "1989ApJS...71....1H", "1989RvMP...61..185S", "1990A&A...238....3M", "1991A&A...243..295K", "1991ApJ...369..273D", "1992ApJ...390..280W", "1992ApJ...393..450D" ]
1894910
null
The redshift of the lensing galaxy in the gravitationally lensed system B0218+35.7.
A spectrum of the light from the gravitationally lensed system B0218+35.7 has been obtained with the William Herschel Telescope. Narrow absorption and emission lines are detected with a redshift of 0.6847. We identify these lines as being produced in the lensing galaxy, which is probably a spiral. The light from the lensed object is red, with no strong emission lines.
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13.542945
4.246163
1993-08-01
82
1993MNRAS.263L..32B
[ "William Herschel Telescope", "Narrow absorption and emission lines", "no strong emission lines", "B0218", "the lensed object", "the lensing galaxy", "the William Herschel Telescope", "the gravitationally lensed system", "these lines", "The light" ]
[ "None" ]
1
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.1.L32" ]
[ "Browne, I. W. A.", "Patnaik, A. R.", "Walsh, D.", "Wilkinson, P. N." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1994A&AS..103..349S", "1994A&AS..105..211S", "1994AJ....108..395X", "1995A&A...299..382W", "1995AJ....110.2570L", "1995ApJ...454...55S", "1995ApJS...98....1P", "1995MNRAS.274L...5P", "1995MNRAS.275L..67G", "1996ASSL..206..215C", "1996ApJ...457..529B", "1996ApJ...468..556S", "1996IAUS..173...37C", "1996IAUS..173..197N", "1996IAUS..173..299L", "1996IAUS..175..115P", "1997ApJ...486L..79C", "1997ApJ...489L..17S", "1998ApJ...509..561K", "1998MNRAS.299.1159A", "1999ASPC..156..183S", "1999ASPC..156..247P", "1999MNRAS.304..349B", "1999MNRAS.307..225K", "2000ApJ...536..584L", "2000ApJ...545..129K", "2000ApJ...545..578C", "2000MNRAS.311..389J", "2001AJ....122..565R", "2001ApJ...562..649K", "2001MNRAS.322..821B", "2002ApJ...575L..51H", "2002LNP...608..124W", "2003A&A...412L..29K", "2003ApJ...583...67C", "2003MNRAS.338..599B", "2003MNRAS.341...13B", "2003MNRAS.346..746C", "2003PhDT.......273M", "2004A&A...418..813H", "2004ApJ...605..614M", "2004MNRAS.349...14W", "2005A&A...435..839T", "2005A&A...440..893H", "2005ApJ...622...81M", "2005IAUS..225..281S", "2005MNRAS.357..124Y", "2006A&A...447..515M", "2006MNRAS.371..431C", "2007A&A...465..405M", "2007A&A...468L..53M", "2007A&A...472..435J", "2007ApJ...660....1O", "2008ApJ...673...78L", "2009MmSAI..80..888C", "2010ApJ...709..386Z", "2010ApJ...712.1378P", "2010ApJ...716.1579L", "2011AstL...37..233L", "2011MNRAS.410.2167F", "2012A&A...538A..99S", "2013MNRAS.431.1528B", "2014ApJ...782L..14C", "2014ApJ...785...36A", "2014arXiv1401.4791L", "2015arXiv150203134B", "2016A&A...586A.150V", "2016A&A...590A..83M", "2016ApJ...821...58B", "2016Galax...4...20S", "2016MNRAS.457.2263S", "2016MNRAS.459.1959S", "2017AIPC.1792b0016T", "2017ApJ...837..144P", "2017Galax...5...69B", "2017MNRAS.470.2814F", "2017MNRAS.470.4089A", "2017NewAR..78...16T", "2018MNRAS.476.5393B", "2018PhR...778....1B", "2020ApJ...901....2H", "2022PrPNP.12503948A" ]
[ "1964MNRAS.128..307R", "1985ApJ...288...94W", "1986A&AS...66..335V", "1987A&AS...70..281B", "1988ARA&A..26...93S", "1989IAUS..136..213S", "1992AJ....104.1320O", "1992ARA&A..30..311B", "1992LNP...406..140P", "1993MNRAS.261..435P" ]
1874163
null
Globular Clusters Ages Determined From the Oorsterhoff Period-Metallicity Effect Using Oxygen-Enhanced Isochrones. III.
The new brighter calibration of absolute luminosities of RR Lyrae stars by about 0.25 mag as a function of metallicity via the Oosterhoff period effect gives a revised age of the Galactic globular cluster system as 14 Gyr when used with the oxygen-enhanced main-sequence termination models of Bergbush and VandenBerg (1992). There is no correlation of cluster age with metallicity. The presence or absence of age differences between any two clusters is neither proof nor disproof of the Eggen-Lynden Bell-Sandage model of the formation of the Galaxy by collapse. If there were different density regimes within the initial density fluctuation that was the protogalaxy, then there has been a hierarchy of collapse times for the various parts of the present Galaxy. The age of the universe is 15 Gyr, based on the age of the Galaxy at 14 Gyr, to which 1 Gyr is added for the gestation time of the galaxies. The ratio of this age to the inverse Hubble constant with H(0) about 45 km/s Mpc, based on a recent concordant determination using supernovae of type Ia, is close to the critical value of 2/3 required if the deceleration is caused by a mean density just equal to that needed for closure. For the first time, these new data give the possibility that Omega = 1 from this timing test.
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9.381595
8.561491
1993-08-01
87
1993AJ....106..719S
[ "cluster age", "age differences", "collapse times", "different density regimes", "RR Lyrae stars", "absolute luminosities", "RR Lyrae", "type Ia", "Galaxy", "metallicity" ]
[ "Chronology", "Galactic Clusters", "Globular Clusters", "Metallicity", "Stellar Luminosity", "Variable Stars", "Cosmology", "Main Sequence Stars", "Stellar Magnitude", "Supernovae", "Astrophysics", "STARS: VARIABLES: RR LYRAE", "STARS: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXIES: GLOBULAR CLUSTERS: GENERAL" ]
1
[ "10.1086/116677" ]
[ "Sandage, Allan" ]
[ "Carnegie Institution of Washington, Observatoires, Pasadena, CA" ]
[ "1993AJ....106..703S", "1994A&A...285..469C", "1994A&A...290...69B", "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1994A&AS..108..341M", "1994AJ....107..622B", "1994AJ....108..222N", "1994Natur.371..757F", "1995A&A...297..345C", "1995AJ....110..704S", "1995AJ....110.1664F", "1995AJ....110.1674C", "1995AJ....110.2200C", "1995AJ....110.2319C", "1995APh.....3..367T", "1995ApJ...444L...9C", "1995ApJ...446..637S", "1995ApJ...449..616L", "1995BaltA...4..166K", "1995ComAp..17..343S", "1995MNRAS.274..407F", "1995MNRAS.274..755H", "1995MNRAS.274L..73E", "1995MNRAS.275..429L", "1995Sci...267..980B", "1995astro.ph..8126H", "1996A&A...307L..13C", "1996A&A...310..751P", "1996A&A...313..783P", "1996A&A...313..803P", "1996AJ....111....1S", "1996AJ....111.1175P", "1996AJ....112.1536M", "1996ARA&A..34..461V", "1996ARA&A..34..551G", "1996ASPC...99..307P", "1996ApJ...461..231C", "1996ApJ...462..241N", "1996ApJ...463..602R", "1996ConPh..37..263H", "1996IAUS..169..353N", "1996MNRAS.281..565S", "1996MNRAS.282..926J", "1996PASP..108..900C", "1997A&AS..121...95C", "1997ChA&A..21..131Y", "1997IAUS..189..305B", "1997JApA...18..271T", "1997MNRAS.286..173H", "1998A&A...329...87P", "1998ARA&A..36...99K", "1999ARA&A..37..445S", "1999ASPC..167..140C", "1999ASSL..237...89G", "2000ASSL..255..269R", "2000ApJ...532..430V", "2000ChA&A..24..453L", "2000MNRAS.316..819C", "2000astro.ph..7471C", "2001AJ....122.1084L", "2001MNRAS.326..342C", "2002AJ....123.2047S", "2002ASPC..283..258T", "2002Ap&SS.280..165T", "2002BaltA..11..297T", "2002MNRAS.336..276D", "2003A&A...408..529G", "2003AJ....125.1309C", "2003JApA...24....3N", "2003LNP...635..105C", "2004A&A...421..937G", "2005AJ....129..267C", "2005ESASP.576..659B", "2006MNRAS.365.1357D", "2006MSAIS...9..238D", "2008Ap&SS.317...45S", "2008arXiv0806.2822S", "2009ApJ...690L..85L", "2012JCAP...02..030C", "2013ApJ...775..134V", "2013IAUS..289..101C", "2013IAUS..289..161V", "2014ApJ...781L..38L", "2014ApJ...786..147O", "2014MNRAS.441.1105F", "2018BrJPh..48..521D", "2020PhRvD.102l3516R" ]
[ "1961ApJ...133..355S", "1962ApJ...136..748E", "1968ApJ...154..891P", "1977A&A....54..661T", "1977tict.book.....C", "1980ApJ...237..666O", "1983ApJS...51...29V", "1984ApJS...55...45Z", "1988ApJ...330..519Z", "1988ApJ...331..583S", "1988ApJ...331..605S", "1988ApJ...331..620K", "1989A&A...216...80B", "1989AJ.....97.1360S", "1989AJ.....97.1688B", "1989AJ.....98.1335S", "1989AJ.....98.1624S", "1989AJ.....98.2124H", "1989PASP..101.1088B", "1990AJ....100..445V", "1990AJ....100.1811B", "1990ApJ...348L...1C", "1990ApJ...350..603S", "1990ApJ...350..645S", "1990ApJ...360..561L", "1990ApJ...365....1S", "1990JRASC..84...70S", "1991ApJ...380..484B", "1992AJ....104.1780L", "1992ApJ...386...52M", "1992ApJ...386..663C", "1992ApJ...390L..81W", "1992ApJ...401L...7S", "1992ApJS...81..163B", "1992PhST...43...31T", "1993AJ....106..703S" ]
1896474
null
A significant contribution to the cosmic X-ray background from sources associated with nearby galaxies
THE origin of the cosmic X-ray background remains a mystery after thirty years of study. The three properties of the background radiation commonly used for tackling this problem-its spectrum, isotropy and resolved component-are well defined by observations, but do not lead to a simple interpretation. A different approach to the problem<SUP>1,2</SUP>, in which fluctuations in the unresolved component are cross-correlated with galaxy catalogues, has led to the suggestion<SUP>2</SUP> that as much as 60% of the background emission can be explained by a population of X-ray sources similar to present-day optically bright galaxies. Here we point out that such analyses must allow for contributions from X-ray sources which cluster with the galaxies, but do not necessarily have a counterpart in galaxy catalogues. For realistic assumptions about clustering, we obtain a revised limit on the local X-ray emissivity due to sources correlated with nearby galaxies. Extrapolating these results up to a redshift of ~5, we find that a smaller, but still significant, fraction of the X-ray background (30 +/-15%) can be accounted for by these sources. To explain the residual background emissions, evolution of the source properties and/or a new population of sources at high redshift is required.
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14.32005
6.444329
1993-08-01
38
1993Natur.364..693L
[ "X-ray sources", "sources", "the cosmic X-ray background", "the X-ray background", "galaxy catalogues", "the local X-ray emissivity", "nearby galaxies", "high redshift", "component", "such analyses" ]
[ "Background Radiation", "Cosmic X Rays", "Energy Bands", "Galactic Clusters", "Red Shift", "Astronomical Catalogs", "Cross Correlation", "Flux Density", "Space Radiation" ]
0
[ "10.1038/364693a0" ]
[ "Lahav, O.", "Fabian, A. C.", "Barcons, X.", "Boldt, E.", "Butcher, J.", "Carrera, F. J.", "Jahoda, K.", "Miyaji, T.", "Stewart, G. C.", "Warwick, R. S." ]
[ "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Cambridge Univ. Inst. of Astronomy, United Kingdom", "Univ. de Cantabria, Santander, Spain", "NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD", "Leicester Univ., United Kingdom", "Univ. de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; London, Univ. College, Dorking, United Kingdom", "NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD", "NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD; Leicester Univ., United Kingdom", "Leicester Univ., United Kingdom", "Leicester Univ., United Kingdom" ]
[ "1994ApJ...429..928Z", "1994ApJ...434..424M", "1994MNRAS.269L..55Z", "1994PASJ...46L..77M", "1995AdSpR..15e..27Z", "1995AdSpR..16c..99C", "1995AdSpR..16c.111C", "1995ApJ...438L..63Z", "1995ApJ...445....7R", "1995ApJ...455..480B", "1995MNRAS.273L..15R", "1995MNRAS.275...22C", "1996A&A...305...17S", "1996A&A...312....1M", "1996MNRAS.280..469T", "1996MNRAS.282..820R", "1997A&A...320..705S", "1997ApJ...477...58R", "1997MNRAS.284..499L", "1997MNRAS.286..393D", "1997MNRAS.291..372A", "1998MNRAS.293...60B", "1998MNRAS.295...19K", "1998MNRAS.295..641M", "1998astro.ph.10504C", "1999A&A...348..673C", "1999MNRAS.305L..31G", "2000ApJ...544...49S", "2000MNRAS.318L..21N", "2001A&A...380..397S", "2002ApJ...580..154S", "2003AN....324...32G", "2006MNRAS.366..171G", "2006MNRAS.367.1727G", "2008arXiv0802.0816R", "2013ApJ...776...33I", "2023ExA....56..477X", "2024ExA....57...26W" ]
[ "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1980ApJ...236....1T", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1982ApJ...253..485P", "1987PhR...146..215B", "1988A&A...206...53M", "1988ApJ...332..157S", "1989MNRAS.240..833T", "1990ApJ...350..119L", "1990ApJ...351...22D", "1990ApJ...360..483G", "1991A&A...246L...2H", "1991ApJ...372..380Y", "1991ApJ...378L..37J", "1991ApJ...379..564W", "1991Natur.353..315S", "1991PhDT.......151A", "1992ARA&A..30..429F", "1992ApJ...399L.107J", "1992ApJS...83...29S", "1992MNRAS.258..134S", "1992xrb..work..102L", "1992xrb..work..115B", "1993MNRAS.260..376C" ]
1876199
null
A New Survey for Low-Luminosity Emission-Line Galaxies
A survey for low-luminosity emission-line galaxies is described in which deep CCD images have been obtained through five narrow-band ({DELTA}λ = 80 A) filters. The survey covers 0.7 square degrees to a depth corresponding to a monochromatic magnitude m_6600_ = 21.2 in the emission line plus continuum. The survey is sensitive to objects with strong Hα emission out to a redshift of z = 0.054, as well as higher redshift galaxies with [O III], Hβ, or [O II] emission. Two hundred ninety-three emission-line galaxy candidates were selected based on a (line plus continuum)/continuum ratio of 1.5 or greater. These candidates were observed spectroscopically with a multifiber spectrograph. Eleven low-redshift (z &lt; 0.054) emission-line galaxies were confirmed with moderate to strong Hα emission and M_B_ in the range - 17.8 to - 12.9. Thirty-six additional objects are emission-line galaxies at higher redshift, including 11 in which only one emission line is seen. Nine of the low-redshift emission-line galaxies form an essentially complete sample, and two methods are explored to calculate the luminosity function. While the range of luminosity sampled is small enough that tradeoffs between slope and normalization of the luminosity function are possible, the combination of this survey with the study of Salzer allows fairly restrictive limits on these two quantities. The best-fit Schechter function to the combination of these two data sets has slope α = - 1.35 and normalization, logφ^*^ = -3.15 mag^-1^ Mpc^-3^. In heavy-element abundance, the objects found in this survey span the range defined by known dwarf emission-line galaxies, with the most metal- poor object having an O/H abundance about 0.09 of the solar value. Despite the fact that the survey technique employed is sensitive to the presence of ultra-low metal-abundance galaxies, no such objects were found. One group of higher redshift emission-line galaxies, those with [O III] λ5007 shifted into the Hα region, has relevance to the interpretation of faint blue galaxy counts. These objects are examples of the type of galaxy that has been proposed to account for the excess counts at B = 22 and fainter. We find that the number discovered in the survey is exactly that predicted by the local luminosity function, i.e., there is no evidence for strong evolution in the number density of these objects, in disagreement with that interpretation.
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12.748061
6.888587
1993-08-01
29
1993ApJ...412..524B
[ "strong Hα emission", "higher redshift galaxies", "galaxy", "faint blue galaxy counts", "higher redshift emission-line galaxies", "known dwarf emission-line galaxies", "emission-line galaxies", "objects", "low-luminosity emission-line galaxies", "ultra-low metal-abundance galaxies" ]
[ "Emission Spectra", "Galactic Radiation", "Line Spectra", "Mass To Light Ratios", "Astronomical Photometry", "Galactic Mass", "Luminosity", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: LUMINOSITY FUNCTION", "MASS FUNCTION", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172940" ]
[ "Boroson, Todd A.", "Salzer, John J.", "Trotter, Adam" ]
[ "Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, AZ", "Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, CT", "Amherst College, MA" ]
[ "1994ApJ...427L...9K", "1994IAUS..161....3L", "1994MNRAS.267..889S", "1994Natur.367..538M", "1995A&AS..113..399A", "1995ApJ...455L...1G", "1996A&AS..120..323G", "1996ApJS..104..199W", "1996IAUS..168..201K", "1996MNRAS.281..847T", "1997ARA&A..35..267I", "1997ApJ...475..502G", "1998Ap.....41...89C", "1999A&AS..135..511U", "2000A&ARv..10....1K", "2001ApJ...550..593J", "2002AJ....124..191S", "2004AJ....127.1431R", "2004IAUS..217..287M", "2012AJ....143..145K", "2013arXiv1312.1249R", "2014ApJ...781...72R", "2018ApJ...868...61P", "2020AJ....160..242S", "2020ApJ...888...79P", "2023AJ....166...81S", "2023AJ....166..101S", "2023AJ....166..102C", "2023ApJ...950..189D" ]
[ "1967Afz.....3...55M", "1973ApJ...186..433H", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1976ApJS...32..217S", "1978ApJS...36..587M", "1981Afz....17..619M", "1981ApJS...45..113M", "1983ApJ...272...68W", "1983ApJS...51..171P", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1985AJ.....90.1759S", "1985ApJS...58..125E", "1986ApJ...300..496K", "1986ApJ...307..431D", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1989ApJ...347..152S", "1989ApJS...70..479S", "1989ESOC...31...35V", "1990ARA&A..28..525S", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991MNRAS.253..686C", "1991Natur.354..460C", "1992ARA&A..30..613K", "1992MNRAS.255..325P" ]
1894987
null
A new, age-independent distance indicator for elliptical galaxies.
There is growing evidence that elliptical galaxies that are located in low-density environments have, on average, slightly younger stellar populations than do those located In high-density environments. This induces spurious positive peculiar motions as derived from the usual distance indicators. Using galaxy evolution models to correct for the effect of an intermediate-age stellar population, we design a new distance indicator for elliptical galaxies which is independent of mean stellar age. This relation allows distances to be determined with an uncertainty of ~20 per cent. When applied to Schweizer et al's sample of ellipticals with recent star formation, the large positive peculiar motions noted by Gregg are eliminated.
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11.486109
6.769771
1993-08-01
37
1993MNRAS.263L..47G
[ "spurious positive peculiar motions", "elliptical galaxies", "galaxy evolution models", "mean stellar age", "recent star formation", "distances", "the large positive peculiar motions", "growing evidence", "al", "a new distance indicator" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1093/mnras/263.1.L47" ]
[ "Guzman, R.", "Lucey, J. R." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
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[ "1980ApJ...237..692L", "1983ApJ...273..105B", "1987ApJ...313...42D", "1987ApJ...313...59D", "1987IAUS..127..379H", "1988ApJ...326...19L", "1989ApJ...345L...1S", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1990AJ.....99..530B", "1990ApJ...354...18B", "1990ApJ...354L..45D", "1990ApJ...364L..33S", "1991MNRAS.249..755L", "1991MNRAS.253..584L", "1992AJ....104.1039S", "1992ApJ...384...43G", "1992ApJ...389L..49D", "1992MNRAS.257..187G", "1993ESOC...45..171L" ]
1876133
null
Velocity Functions of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies
We construct velocity functions of field galaxies and clusters of galaxies which are number densities as functions of the circular velocities of the systems. The circular velocities are obtained from data of H I 21 cm line width and/or stellar velocity dispersion for galaxies, and from an X-ray temperature function for clusters of galaxies. It is found that elliptical and S0 galaxies dominate at the high-velocity end of the galaxy velocity function in contrast to the field luminosity function in which spiral galaxies dominate at the high-luminosity end. The galaxy and cluster velocity functions almost form a single, continuous function, but for a small gap at the boundary. This may imply that galaxies and clusters of galaxies consist of a single population, in a dynamical sense. A cold dark matter model with {OMEGA}_0_ = 1 and a high bias agrees well with the observed velocity functions while {OMEGA}_0_ &lt; 1 models are inconsistent.
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11.695846
5.130811
1993-08-01
29
1993ApJ...413...59S
[ "velocity functions", "field galaxies", "spiral galaxies", "galaxies", "stellar velocity dispersion", "functions", "the galaxy velocity function", "the observed velocity functions", "OMEGA}_0_", "The galaxy and cluster velocity functions" ]
[ "Density Distribution", "Galactic Clusters", "Radio Spectra", "Velocity Distribution", "Dark Matter", "Red Shift", "Space Density", "Astrophysics", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERING", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "RADIO LINES: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1086/172976" ]
[ "Shimasaku, Kazuhiro" ]
[ "Tokyo Univ., Japan" ]
[ "1993PThPh..90.1173S", "1994PASJ...46..319U", "1995A&A...300..637H", "1996ChA&A..20..146S", "1996PASJ...48..265T", "1997PThPh..97...49N", "1998ASPC..151...33S", "2000ApJ...528..145G", "2000ApJ...531..665K", "2000cucg.confE..49S", "2001ApJ...559..531K", "2001astro.ph..8160K", "2002ApJ...580....2O", "2002MNRAS.332..456V", "2003ApJ...594..225S", "2003MNRAS.339.1057Y", "2003MNRAS.341L..44B", "2004MNRAS.351..265D", "2004MNRAS.354.1020S", "2004MNRAS.355..120O", "2005ApJ...630..764C", "2006MSAIS...9..402A", "2007ApJ...657..183R", "2010MNRAS.403.1969Z", "2011ApJS..197...28P", "2015MNRAS.454.1798K", "2016MNRAS.457.2415Y", "2016MNRAS.462..893R", "2018PhR...730....1T" ]
[ "1930ApJ....71..231H", "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1976ApJ...204..668F", "1977A&A....54..661T", "1978AJ.....83.1549K", "1979ApJ...232..689B", "1980ApJ...242....1T", "1983AJ.....88.1285K", "1983ApJ...266...41D", "1985A&AS...61..273D", "1985AJ.....90.1759S", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1986MNRAS.221..233P", "1987ApJ...313...59D", "1987ApJ...313..505W", "1987Natur.330..451W", "1988AJ.....96...73T", "1988ARA&A..26..509B", "1988ApJ...327..507F", "1988ApJ...330..579P", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1988MNRAS.235..715E", "1989ApJ...341L..71E", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1989MNRAS.237.1127C", "1990ApJS...74....1Z", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1990PhLB..236..454O", "1991ApJ...368..325K", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1991ApJ...379..440B", "1991MNRAS.251..128L", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1992ApJ...386L..33L", "1992ApJ...396L..13W", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1993ApJ...408....3U" ]
1898776
null
An X-ray Image of the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
A ROSAT X-ray observation of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy is presented. A total of 19 sources are identified, one of which is a probable background galaxy cluster. This is consistent with the number expected due to the extragalactic background. Scaling in luminosity from normal ellipticals and bulges, we would expect to see at most one accreting binary source. This is consistent with our results, and implies that the IMF was not heavily biased towards massive stars. Scaling instead from globular clusters, we would expect 8 sources in Fornax in the energy range 10^36 - 10^38 erg s^-1. We observe none. The low denisty environment of the dwarf glaaxy evidently does not produce a population of accreting neutron stars through star-star collisions. We place an upper limit of 4 x 10^-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1 on any diffuse gas component, corresponding to 10^5 solar masses of gas at 10^7 K. However, if heated to X-ray temperatures, gas could escape Fornax. (SECTION: Galaxies)
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10.330553
7.632359
1993-08-01
17
1993PASP..105..871G
[ "X-ray temperatures", "neutron stars", "massive stars", "binary source", "Fornax", "spheroidal galaxy", "gas", "erg cm^-2 s^-1", "globular clusters", "normal ellipticals" ]
[ "Dwarf Galaxies", "X Ray Sources", "Interstellar Gas", "Rosat Mission", "Star Distribution", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: FORNAX", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1086/133248" ]
[ "Gizis, J. E.", "Mould, J. R.", "Djorgovski, S." ]
[ "California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena", "California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena", "California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena" ]
[ "1994ARA&A..32..115R", "1994IAUS..161..525E", "1995MNRAS.277..609T", "1997A&ARv...8....1M", "1997AJ....114..988E", "1997MNRAS.285..111T", "1998ARA&A..36..435M", "1998ApJ...496L...9X", "2000A&A...355...56S", "2001ApJ...556...24Z", "2001RvMA...14..297B", "2003AJ....125.1926G", "2003ApJ...588..326G", "2006A&A...459..777R", "2006AJ....131..912O", "2013A&A...550A..18N", "2016MNRAS.460.1390R" ]
[ "1975ApJ...197..593H", "1976ApJ...204..365F", "1978AJ.....83..360K", "1979ARA&A..17..241H", "1984ApJ...282...85W", "1984PASP...96..913H", "1985A&A...152...65B", "1985ApJ...290..171H", "1985ApJ...295...73K", "1985ApJ...297..564M", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986seg..work..195R", "1986stpo.meet...45A", "1987ApJ...322L..59S", "1987ApJS...63....1H", "1987SPIE..733..519P", "1988AJ.....96.1352E", "1988AJ.....96.1614E", "1989ARA&A..27...87F", "1989ARA&A..27..235K", "1989ApJS...69....1H", "1990ARA&A..28..215D", "1990PhyBl..46..137T", "1990ismg.conf..201S", "1991AJ....102..914M", "1991cqan.book.....V", "1992xrb..work..229H" ]
4897621
astro-ph/9303008
Threshold Star-Formation Effects in the Peculiar Galaxy ARP 10 (= VV 362)
We present images of the peculiar galaxy Arp 10 which reveal two rings of concurrent star formation. Apart from a bright ring visible on early photographs of the system, an even brighter inner ring of H II regions is found within the nuclear bulge of the galaxy. A very faint ring-arc of H II regions is also seen associated with a third outer ring or shell. We detect a small companion galaxy on the minor axis of Arp 10 and an extended extra-nuclear knot which lies between the first and second rings. An investigation of the Hα fluxes in the rings reveals an increase in the emission where the ring surface density in the R-band light exceeds 21.3 +/- 0.2 mag arcsec^-2^. If the R-band light is dominated by old stars in the underlying density wave, then the results suggest evidence for a star-formation law which exhibits a threshold dependence on the strength of the density wave in the rings. Even if the R-band continuum in the ring is heavily contaminated with red light from the underlying young stars (a result at odds with the smooth continuum morphology of the ring) then a smaller, but still significant nonlinear enhancement in the star-formation rates in one segment of the second ring is required to explain the results. In either case, strong trends in the star-formation rate with azimuth around Ring 2 are in good agreement with off-center collisional ring galaxy models.
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12.684257
8.45565
1993-09-01
19
1993ApJ...414..154C
[ "concurrent star formation", "old stars", "H II regions", "the ring surface density", "red light", "a third outer ring", "the second ring", "a bright ring", "off-center collisional ring galaxy models", "Arp" ]
[ "Galactic Bulge", "H Alpha Line", "H Ii Regions", "Peculiar Galaxies", "Star Formation", "Elliptical Galaxies", "Ring Galaxies", "Thresholds", "Astrophysics", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL NAME: ARP 10", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1086/173064", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9303008" ]
[ "Charmandaris, V.", "Appleton, P. N.", "Marston, A. P." ]
[ "Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames", "Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames", "Drake Univ., Des Moines, IA" ]
[ "1995AJ....109.1002M", "1996ASPC..106..141S", "1996ApJ...460..686C", "1996ApJ...467..241H", "1997AJ....113..201A", "1998AJ....116.2757B", "1998Ap.....41..106R", "1999ApJ...527..143A", "1999ESASP.427..869C", "1999PhR...321....1S", "2001Ap&SS.276..553C", "2005AJ....130.2117S", "2005astro.ph..1601M", "2007ApJ...662..304B", "2008A&A...490..583A", "2008MNRAS.383.1223M", "2012MNRAS.423..543S", "2012MNRAS.425.2255F", "2014ApJ...795..159A" ]
[ "1964ApJ...139.1217T", "1965MNRAS.130...97G", "1966apg..book.....A", "1976ApJ...209..382L", "1976RC2...C......0D", "1977ApJ...212..616T", "1977ApJ...218..767S", "1977MNRAS.178..473F", "1978IAUS...79..109T", "1983AJ.....88..439L", "1983AJ.....88..489S", "1983ApJ...272...54K", "1983ApJ...274..534M", "1984ApJ...276...60S", "1984ApJ...284..544G", "1985ApJS...57..643D", "1986ApJ...301...77S", "1987ApJ...323..480S", "1987NASCP2466..263S", "1988AJ.....95..720K", "1988AJ.....95.1389S", "1988ApJ...334..144K", "1989ApJ...344..171K", "1989ApJ...347..760C", "1990AJ.....99...71S", "1991ApJ...370..526C", "1991ApJ...383..148S", "1992ApJ...397..117D" ]
1894968
null
The formation and evolution of galaxies within merging dark matter haloes.
We construct semi-analytic models for galaxy formation within the framework of a hierarchical clustering scenario for structure formation in the Universe. We use the algorithm of Kauffmann &amp; White to generate ensembles of merging histories for present-day dark matter haloes with a wide range of circular velocities. A galaxy is assumed to form from gas which cools and turns into stars at the centre of a halo until that halo merges with a more massive object. At this time the galaxy loses its source of new gas and becomes a non-dominant object within a larger group or cluster. Our methods thus enable us to `look inside' present dark matter haloes and investigate the formation, evolution and merging of the galaxies that they contain. We begin by investigating the properties of haloes with V_c_ = 220 km s^-1^, and use the observed properties of our Milky Way system to tune the free parameters that regulate star formation, hydrodynamic feedback from supernovae and the transformation of discs into spheroids by mergers. We then show that the same parameters lead to good agreement between the properties of galaxies in a V_c_ = 1000 km s^-1^ halo and observational data on the Virgo cluster of galaxies. This model correctly reproduces the observed trends in the luminosity, colour, gas content and morphology of galaxies. Turning to an investigation of the properties of the galaxy population as a whole, we highlight a problem that arises when applying this model to a `standard' cold dark matter universe. If the zero-point of the Tully-Fisher relation is set by the properties of our Milky Way system, we find that standard CDM predicts too many haloes and results in a B-band luminosity density of the Universe that is a factor of 2 too high. The only apparent solution to this problem is to assume that many haloes remain observationally undetectable. We also compute the gas mass-luminosity relation for galaxies, the variation in galaxy morphology as a function of luminosity, star formation histories according to environment, the field galaxy luminosity function, and predictions for faint galaxy counts in the B and K bands. We conclude that, although it would be premature to attempt a detailed quantitative fit to specific cosmological models, the qualitative agreement between the data and the general picture that we present is already very encouraging.
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11.309471
6.216452
1993-09-01
1,787
1993MNRAS.264..201K
[ "galaxy formation", "galaxy morphology", "galaxies", "faint galaxy counts", "many haloes", "star formation", "haloes", "luminosity function", "semi-analytic models", "structure formation" ]
[ "None" ]
35
[ "10.1093/mnras/264.1.201" ]
[ "Kauffmann, G.", "White, S. D. M.", "Guiderdoni, B." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
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