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1
4690-4693
So that B = m H and c is called the magnetic susceptibility of the material The three quantities, c, the relative magnetic permeability mr, and the magnetic permeability m are related as follows: m = m0 mr mr = 1+ c 7 Magnetic materials are broadly classified as: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic For diamagnetic materials c is negative and small and for paramagnetic materials it is positive and small
1
4691-4694
The three quantities, c, the relative magnetic permeability mr, and the magnetic permeability m are related as follows: m = m0 mr mr = 1+ c 7 Magnetic materials are broadly classified as: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic For diamagnetic materials c is negative and small and for paramagnetic materials it is positive and small Ferromagnetic materials have large c and are characterised by non-linear relation between B and H
1
4692-4695
Magnetic materials are broadly classified as: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic For diamagnetic materials c is negative and small and for paramagnetic materials it is positive and small Ferromagnetic materials have large c and are characterised by non-linear relation between B and H 8
1
4693-4696
For diamagnetic materials c is negative and small and for paramagnetic materials it is positive and small Ferromagnetic materials have large c and are characterised by non-linear relation between B and H 8 Substances, which at room temperature, retain their ferromagnetic property for a long period of time are called permanent magnets
1
4694-4697
Ferromagnetic materials have large c and are characterised by non-linear relation between B and H 8 Substances, which at room temperature, retain their ferromagnetic property for a long period of time are called permanent magnets Physical quantity Symbol Nature Dimensions Units Remarks Permeability of m0 Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m0/4p = 10–7 free space Magnetic field, B Vector [MT–2 A–1] T (tesla) 104 G (gauss) = 1 T Magnetic induction, Magnetic flux density Magnetic moment m Vector [L–2 A] A m2 Rationalised 2023-24 151 Magnetism and Matter POINTS TO PONDER 1
1
4695-4698
8 Substances, which at room temperature, retain their ferromagnetic property for a long period of time are called permanent magnets Physical quantity Symbol Nature Dimensions Units Remarks Permeability of m0 Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m0/4p = 10–7 free space Magnetic field, B Vector [MT–2 A–1] T (tesla) 104 G (gauss) = 1 T Magnetic induction, Magnetic flux density Magnetic moment m Vector [L–2 A] A m2 Rationalised 2023-24 151 Magnetism and Matter POINTS TO PONDER 1 A satisfactory understanding of magnetic phenomenon in terms of moving charges/currents was arrived at after 1800 AD
1
4696-4699
Substances, which at room temperature, retain their ferromagnetic property for a long period of time are called permanent magnets Physical quantity Symbol Nature Dimensions Units Remarks Permeability of m0 Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m0/4p = 10–7 free space Magnetic field, B Vector [MT–2 A–1] T (tesla) 104 G (gauss) = 1 T Magnetic induction, Magnetic flux density Magnetic moment m Vector [L–2 A] A m2 Rationalised 2023-24 151 Magnetism and Matter POINTS TO PONDER 1 A satisfactory understanding of magnetic phenomenon in terms of moving charges/currents was arrived at after 1800 AD But technological exploitation of the directional properties of magnets predates this scientific understanding by two thousand years
1
4697-4700
Physical quantity Symbol Nature Dimensions Units Remarks Permeability of m0 Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m0/4p = 10–7 free space Magnetic field, B Vector [MT–2 A–1] T (tesla) 104 G (gauss) = 1 T Magnetic induction, Magnetic flux density Magnetic moment m Vector [L–2 A] A m2 Rationalised 2023-24 151 Magnetism and Matter POINTS TO PONDER 1 A satisfactory understanding of magnetic phenomenon in terms of moving charges/currents was arrived at after 1800 AD But technological exploitation of the directional properties of magnets predates this scientific understanding by two thousand years Thus, scientific understanding is not a necessary condition for engineering applications
1
4698-4701
A satisfactory understanding of magnetic phenomenon in terms of moving charges/currents was arrived at after 1800 AD But technological exploitation of the directional properties of magnets predates this scientific understanding by two thousand years Thus, scientific understanding is not a necessary condition for engineering applications Ideally, science and engineering go hand-in-hand, one leading and assisting the other in tandem
1
4699-4702
But technological exploitation of the directional properties of magnets predates this scientific understanding by two thousand years Thus, scientific understanding is not a necessary condition for engineering applications Ideally, science and engineering go hand-in-hand, one leading and assisting the other in tandem 2
1
4700-4703
Thus, scientific understanding is not a necessary condition for engineering applications Ideally, science and engineering go hand-in-hand, one leading and assisting the other in tandem 2 Magnetic monopoles do not exist
1
4701-4704
Ideally, science and engineering go hand-in-hand, one leading and assisting the other in tandem 2 Magnetic monopoles do not exist If you slice a magnet in half, you get two smaller magnets
1
4702-4705
2 Magnetic monopoles do not exist If you slice a magnet in half, you get two smaller magnets On the other hand, isolated positive and negative charges exist
1
4703-4706
Magnetic monopoles do not exist If you slice a magnet in half, you get two smaller magnets On the other hand, isolated positive and negative charges exist There exists a smallest unit of charge, for example, the electronic charge with value |e| = 1
1
4704-4707
If you slice a magnet in half, you get two smaller magnets On the other hand, isolated positive and negative charges exist There exists a smallest unit of charge, for example, the electronic charge with value |e| = 1 6 ×10–19 C
1
4705-4708
On the other hand, isolated positive and negative charges exist There exists a smallest unit of charge, for example, the electronic charge with value |e| = 1 6 ×10–19 C All other charges are integral multiples of this smallest unit charge
1
4706-4709
There exists a smallest unit of charge, for example, the electronic charge with value |e| = 1 6 ×10–19 C All other charges are integral multiples of this smallest unit charge In other words, charge is quantised
1
4707-4710
6 ×10–19 C All other charges are integral multiples of this smallest unit charge In other words, charge is quantised We do not know why magnetic monopoles do not exist or why electric charge is quantised
1
4708-4711
All other charges are integral multiples of this smallest unit charge In other words, charge is quantised We do not know why magnetic monopoles do not exist or why electric charge is quantised 3
1
4709-4712
In other words, charge is quantised We do not know why magnetic monopoles do not exist or why electric charge is quantised 3 A consequence of the fact that magnetic monopoles do not exist is that the magnetic field lines are continuous and form closed loops
1
4710-4713
We do not know why magnetic monopoles do not exist or why electric charge is quantised 3 A consequence of the fact that magnetic monopoles do not exist is that the magnetic field lines are continuous and form closed loops In contrast, the electrostatic lines of force begin on a positive charge and terminate on the negative charge (or fade out at infinity)
1
4711-4714
3 A consequence of the fact that magnetic monopoles do not exist is that the magnetic field lines are continuous and form closed loops In contrast, the electrostatic lines of force begin on a positive charge and terminate on the negative charge (or fade out at infinity) 4
1
4712-4715
A consequence of the fact that magnetic monopoles do not exist is that the magnetic field lines are continuous and form closed loops In contrast, the electrostatic lines of force begin on a positive charge and terminate on the negative charge (or fade out at infinity) 4 A miniscule difference in the value of c, the magnetic susceptibility, yields radically different behaviour: diamagnetic versus paramagnetic
1
4713-4716
In contrast, the electrostatic lines of force begin on a positive charge and terminate on the negative charge (or fade out at infinity) 4 A miniscule difference in the value of c, the magnetic susceptibility, yields radically different behaviour: diamagnetic versus paramagnetic For diamagnetic materials c = –10–5 whereas c = +10–5 for paramagnetic materials
1
4714-4717
4 A miniscule difference in the value of c, the magnetic susceptibility, yields radically different behaviour: diamagnetic versus paramagnetic For diamagnetic materials c = –10–5 whereas c = +10–5 for paramagnetic materials 5
1
4715-4718
A miniscule difference in the value of c, the magnetic susceptibility, yields radically different behaviour: diamagnetic versus paramagnetic For diamagnetic materials c = –10–5 whereas c = +10–5 for paramagnetic materials 5 There exists a perfect diamagnet, namely, a superconductor
1
4716-4719
For diamagnetic materials c = –10–5 whereas c = +10–5 for paramagnetic materials 5 There exists a perfect diamagnet, namely, a superconductor This is a metal at very low temperatures
1
4717-4720
5 There exists a perfect diamagnet, namely, a superconductor This is a metal at very low temperatures In this case c = –1, mr = 0, m = 0
1
4718-4721
There exists a perfect diamagnet, namely, a superconductor This is a metal at very low temperatures In this case c = –1, mr = 0, m = 0 The external magnetic field is totally expelled
1
4719-4722
This is a metal at very low temperatures In this case c = –1, mr = 0, m = 0 The external magnetic field is totally expelled Interestingly, this material is also a perfect conductor
1
4720-4723
In this case c = –1, mr = 0, m = 0 The external magnetic field is totally expelled Interestingly, this material is also a perfect conductor However, there exists no classical theory which ties these two properties together
1
4721-4724
The external magnetic field is totally expelled Interestingly, this material is also a perfect conductor However, there exists no classical theory which ties these two properties together A quantum-mechanical theory by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS theory) explains these effects
1
4722-4725
Interestingly, this material is also a perfect conductor However, there exists no classical theory which ties these two properties together A quantum-mechanical theory by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS theory) explains these effects The BCS theory was proposed in1957 and was eventually recognised by a Nobel Prize in physics in 1970
1
4723-4726
However, there exists no classical theory which ties these two properties together A quantum-mechanical theory by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS theory) explains these effects The BCS theory was proposed in1957 and was eventually recognised by a Nobel Prize in physics in 1970 Magnetic flux fB Scalar [ML2T–2 A–1] W (weber) W = T m2 Magnetisation M Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 Magnetic moment Volume Magnetic intensity H Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 B = m0 (H + M) Magnetic field strength Magnetic c Scalar - - M = cH susceptibility Relative magnetic mr Scalar - - B = m0 mr H permeability Magnetic permeability m Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m = m0 mr N A–2 B = m H Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 152 6
1
4724-4727
A quantum-mechanical theory by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS theory) explains these effects The BCS theory was proposed in1957 and was eventually recognised by a Nobel Prize in physics in 1970 Magnetic flux fB Scalar [ML2T–2 A–1] W (weber) W = T m2 Magnetisation M Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 Magnetic moment Volume Magnetic intensity H Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 B = m0 (H + M) Magnetic field strength Magnetic c Scalar - - M = cH susceptibility Relative magnetic mr Scalar - - B = m0 mr H permeability Magnetic permeability m Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m = m0 mr N A–2 B = m H Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 152 6 Diamagnetism is universal
1
4725-4728
The BCS theory was proposed in1957 and was eventually recognised by a Nobel Prize in physics in 1970 Magnetic flux fB Scalar [ML2T–2 A–1] W (weber) W = T m2 Magnetisation M Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 Magnetic moment Volume Magnetic intensity H Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 B = m0 (H + M) Magnetic field strength Magnetic c Scalar - - M = cH susceptibility Relative magnetic mr Scalar - - B = m0 mr H permeability Magnetic permeability m Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m = m0 mr N A–2 B = m H Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 152 6 Diamagnetism is universal It is present in all materials
1
4726-4729
Magnetic flux fB Scalar [ML2T–2 A–1] W (weber) W = T m2 Magnetisation M Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 Magnetic moment Volume Magnetic intensity H Vector [L–1 A] A m–1 B = m0 (H + M) Magnetic field strength Magnetic c Scalar - - M = cH susceptibility Relative magnetic mr Scalar - - B = m0 mr H permeability Magnetic permeability m Scalar [MLT–2 A–2] T m A–1 m = m0 mr N A–2 B = m H Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 152 6 Diamagnetism is universal It is present in all materials But it is weak and hard to detect if the substance is para- or ferromagnetic
1
4727-4730
Diamagnetism is universal It is present in all materials But it is weak and hard to detect if the substance is para- or ferromagnetic 7
1
4728-4731
It is present in all materials But it is weak and hard to detect if the substance is para- or ferromagnetic 7 We have classified materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic
1
4729-4732
But it is weak and hard to detect if the substance is para- or ferromagnetic 7 We have classified materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic However, there exist additional types of magnetic material such as ferrimagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, spin glass, etc
1
4730-4733
7 We have classified materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic However, there exist additional types of magnetic material such as ferrimagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, spin glass, etc with properties which are exotic and mysterious
1
4731-4734
We have classified materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic However, there exist additional types of magnetic material such as ferrimagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, spin glass, etc with properties which are exotic and mysterious EXERCISES 5
1
4732-4735
However, there exist additional types of magnetic material such as ferrimagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, spin glass, etc with properties which are exotic and mysterious EXERCISES 5 1 A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0
1
4733-4736
with properties which are exotic and mysterious EXERCISES 5 1 A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0 25 T experiences a torque of magnitude equal to 4
1
4734-4737
EXERCISES 5 1 A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0 25 T experiences a torque of magnitude equal to 4 5 × 10–2 J
1
4735-4738
1 A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0 25 T experiences a torque of magnitude equal to 4 5 × 10–2 J What is the magnitude of magnetic moment of the magnet
1
4736-4739
25 T experiences a torque of magnitude equal to 4 5 × 10–2 J What is the magnitude of magnetic moment of the magnet 5
1
4737-4740
5 × 10–2 J What is the magnitude of magnetic moment of the magnet 5 2 A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0
1
4738-4741
What is the magnitude of magnetic moment of the magnet 5 2 A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0 32 JT –1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0
1
4739-4742
5 2 A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0 32 JT –1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0 15 T
1
4740-4743
2 A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0 32 JT –1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0 15 T If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its (a) stable, and (b) unstable equilibrium
1
4741-4744
32 JT –1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0 15 T If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its (a) stable, and (b) unstable equilibrium What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case
1
4742-4745
15 T If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its (a) stable, and (b) unstable equilibrium What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case 5
1
4743-4746
If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its (a) stable, and (b) unstable equilibrium What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case 5 3 A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section 2
1
4744-4747
What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case 5 3 A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section 2 5 × 10–4 m2 carries a current of 3
1
4745-4748
5 3 A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section 2 5 × 10–4 m2 carries a current of 3 0 A
1
4746-4749
3 A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section 2 5 × 10–4 m2 carries a current of 3 0 A Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet
1
4747-4750
5 × 10–4 m2 carries a current of 3 0 A Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet What is its associated magnetic moment
1
4748-4751
0 A Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet What is its associated magnetic moment 5
1
4749-4752
Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet What is its associated magnetic moment 5 4 If the solenoid in Exercise 5
1
4750-4753
What is its associated magnetic moment 5 4 If the solenoid in Exercise 5 5 is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0
1
4751-4754
5 4 If the solenoid in Exercise 5 5 is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0 25 T is applied, what is the magnitude of torque on the solenoid when its axis makes an angle of 30° with the direction of applied field
1
4752-4755
4 If the solenoid in Exercise 5 5 is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0 25 T is applied, what is the magnitude of torque on the solenoid when its axis makes an angle of 30° with the direction of applied field 5
1
4753-4756
5 is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0 25 T is applied, what is the magnitude of torque on the solenoid when its axis makes an angle of 30° with the direction of applied field 5 5 A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1
1
4754-4757
25 T is applied, what is the magnitude of torque on the solenoid when its axis makes an angle of 30° with the direction of applied field 5 5 A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1 5 J T –1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0
1
4755-4758
5 5 A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1 5 J T –1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0 22 T
1
4756-4759
5 A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1 5 J T –1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0 22 T (a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment: (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction
1
4757-4760
5 J T –1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0 22 T (a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment: (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction (b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii)
1
4758-4761
22 T (a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment: (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction (b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii) 5
1
4759-4762
(a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment: (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction (b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii) 5 6 A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1
1
4760-4763
(b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii) 5 6 A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1 6 × 10 –4 m2, carrying a current of 4
1
4761-4764
5 6 A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1 6 × 10 –4 m2, carrying a current of 4 0 A, is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane
1
4762-4765
6 A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1 6 × 10 –4 m2, carrying a current of 4 0 A, is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane (a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid
1
4763-4766
6 × 10 –4 m2, carrying a current of 4 0 A, is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane (a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid (b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 7
1
4764-4767
0 A, is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane (a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid (b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 7 5 × 10–2 T is set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of the solenoid
1
4765-4768
(a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid (b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 7 5 × 10–2 T is set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of the solenoid 5
1
4766-4769
(b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 7 5 × 10–2 T is set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of the solenoid 5 7 A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0
1
4767-4770
5 × 10–2 T is set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of the solenoid 5 7 A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0 48 J T –1
1
4768-4771
5 7 A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0 48 J T –1 Give the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet on (a) the axis, (b) the equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet
1
4769-4772
7 A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0 48 J T –1 Give the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet on (a) the axis, (b) the equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet Rationalised 2023-24 153 Magnetism and Matter 5
1
4770-4773
48 J T –1 Give the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet on (a) the axis, (b) the equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet Rationalised 2023-24 153 Magnetism and Matter 5 8 A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane has its axis aligned along the magnetic north-south direction
1
4771-4774
Give the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet on (a) the axis, (b) the equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet Rationalised 2023-24 153 Magnetism and Matter 5 8 A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane has its axis aligned along the magnetic north-south direction Null points are found on the axis of the magnet at 14 cm from the centre of the magnet
1
4772-4775
Rationalised 2023-24 153 Magnetism and Matter 5 8 A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane has its axis aligned along the magnetic north-south direction Null points are found on the axis of the magnet at 14 cm from the centre of the magnet The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0
1
4773-4776
8 A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane has its axis aligned along the magnetic north-south direction Null points are found on the axis of the magnet at 14 cm from the centre of the magnet The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0 36 G and the angle of dip is zero
1
4774-4777
Null points are found on the axis of the magnet at 14 cm from the centre of the magnet The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0 36 G and the angle of dip is zero What is the total magnetic field on the normal bisector of the magnet at the same distance as the null–point (i
1
4775-4778
The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0 36 G and the angle of dip is zero What is the total magnetic field on the normal bisector of the magnet at the same distance as the null–point (i e
1
4776-4779
36 G and the angle of dip is zero What is the total magnetic field on the normal bisector of the magnet at the same distance as the null–point (i e , 14 cm) from the centre of the magnet
1
4777-4780
What is the total magnetic field on the normal bisector of the magnet at the same distance as the null–point (i e , 14 cm) from the centre of the magnet (At null points, field due to a magnet is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
1
4778-4781
e , 14 cm) from the centre of the magnet (At null points, field due to a magnet is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field ) 5
1
4779-4782
, 14 cm) from the centre of the magnet (At null points, field due to a magnet is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field ) 5 9 If the bar magnet in exercise 5
1
4780-4783
(At null points, field due to a magnet is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field ) 5 9 If the bar magnet in exercise 5 13 is turned around by 180°, where will the new null points be located
1
4781-4784
) 5 9 If the bar magnet in exercise 5 13 is turned around by 180°, where will the new null points be located Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 154 6
1
4782-4785
9 If the bar magnet in exercise 5 13 is turned around by 180°, where will the new null points be located Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 154 6 1 INTRODUCTION Electricity and magnetism were considered separate and unrelated phenomena for a long time
1
4783-4786
13 is turned around by 180°, where will the new null points be located Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 154 6 1 INTRODUCTION Electricity and magnetism were considered separate and unrelated phenomena for a long time In the early decades of the nineteenth century, experiments on electric current by Oersted, Ampere and a few others established the fact that electricity and magnetism are inter-related
1
4784-4787
Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 154 6 1 INTRODUCTION Electricity and magnetism were considered separate and unrelated phenomena for a long time In the early decades of the nineteenth century, experiments on electric current by Oersted, Ampere and a few others established the fact that electricity and magnetism are inter-related They found that moving electric charges produce magnetic fields
1
4785-4788
1 INTRODUCTION Electricity and magnetism were considered separate and unrelated phenomena for a long time In the early decades of the nineteenth century, experiments on electric current by Oersted, Ampere and a few others established the fact that electricity and magnetism are inter-related They found that moving electric charges produce magnetic fields For example, an electric current deflects a magnetic compass needle placed in its vicinity
1
4786-4789
In the early decades of the nineteenth century, experiments on electric current by Oersted, Ampere and a few others established the fact that electricity and magnetism are inter-related They found that moving electric charges produce magnetic fields For example, an electric current deflects a magnetic compass needle placed in its vicinity This naturally raises the questions like: Is the converse effect possible
1
4787-4790
They found that moving electric charges produce magnetic fields For example, an electric current deflects a magnetic compass needle placed in its vicinity This naturally raises the questions like: Is the converse effect possible Can moving magnets produce electric currents
1
4788-4791
For example, an electric current deflects a magnetic compass needle placed in its vicinity This naturally raises the questions like: Is the converse effect possible Can moving magnets produce electric currents Does the nature permit such a relation between electricity and magnetism
1
4789-4792
This naturally raises the questions like: Is the converse effect possible Can moving magnets produce electric currents Does the nature permit such a relation between electricity and magnetism The answer is resounding yes