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1 | 7305-7308 | Thus –NH2 group is ortho
and para directing and a powerful activating group (a) Bromination: Aniline reacts with bromine water at room
temperature to give a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution
reactions of aromatic amines is that of their very high reactivity Substitution tends to occur at ortho- and para-positions |
1 | 7306-7309 | (a) Bromination: Aniline reacts with bromine water at room
temperature to give a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution
reactions of aromatic amines is that of their very high reactivity Substitution tends to occur at ortho- and para-positions If we
have to prepare monosubstituted aniline derivative, how can
the activating effect of –NH2 group be controlled |
1 | 7307-7310 | The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution
reactions of aromatic amines is that of their very high reactivity Substitution tends to occur at ortho- and para-positions If we
have to prepare monosubstituted aniline derivative, how can
the activating effect of –NH2 group be controlled This can be
done by protecting the -NH2 group by acetylation with acetic
anhydride, then carrying out the desired substitution followed
by hydrolysis of the substituted amide to the substituted amine |
1 | 7308-7311 | Substitution tends to occur at ortho- and para-positions If we
have to prepare monosubstituted aniline derivative, how can
the activating effect of –NH2 group be controlled This can be
done by protecting the -NH2 group by acetylation with acetic
anhydride, then carrying out the desired substitution followed
by hydrolysis of the substituted amide to the substituted amine The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen of acetanilide interacts
with oxygen atom due to resonance as shown below:
Rationalised 2023-24
273
Amines
Hence, the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is less available for
donation to benzene ring by resonance |
1 | 7309-7312 | If we
have to prepare monosubstituted aniline derivative, how can
the activating effect of –NH2 group be controlled This can be
done by protecting the -NH2 group by acetylation with acetic
anhydride, then carrying out the desired substitution followed
by hydrolysis of the substituted amide to the substituted amine The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen of acetanilide interacts
with oxygen atom due to resonance as shown below:
Rationalised 2023-24
273
Amines
Hence, the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is less available for
donation to benzene ring by resonance Therefore, activating
effect of –NHCOCH3 group is less than that of amino group |
1 | 7310-7313 | This can be
done by protecting the -NH2 group by acetylation with acetic
anhydride, then carrying out the desired substitution followed
by hydrolysis of the substituted amide to the substituted amine The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen of acetanilide interacts
with oxygen atom due to resonance as shown below:
Rationalised 2023-24
273
Amines
Hence, the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is less available for
donation to benzene ring by resonance Therefore, activating
effect of –NHCOCH3 group is less than that of amino group (b) Nitration: Direct nitration of aniline yields tarry oxidation
products in addition to the nitro derivatives |
1 | 7311-7314 | The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen of acetanilide interacts
with oxygen atom due to resonance as shown below:
Rationalised 2023-24
273
Amines
Hence, the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is less available for
donation to benzene ring by resonance Therefore, activating
effect of –NHCOCH3 group is less than that of amino group (b) Nitration: Direct nitration of aniline yields tarry oxidation
products in addition to the nitro derivatives Moreover, in the
strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the
anilinium ion which is meta directing |
1 | 7312-7315 | Therefore, activating
effect of –NHCOCH3 group is less than that of amino group (b) Nitration: Direct nitration of aniline yields tarry oxidation
products in addition to the nitro derivatives Moreover, in the
strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the
anilinium ion which is meta directing That is why besides the
ortho and para derivatives, significant amount of meta derivative
is also formed |
1 | 7313-7316 | (b) Nitration: Direct nitration of aniline yields tarry oxidation
products in addition to the nitro derivatives Moreover, in the
strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the
anilinium ion which is meta directing That is why besides the
ortho and para derivatives, significant amount of meta derivative
is also formed However, by protecting the –NH2 group by acetylation reaction
with acetic anhydride, the nitration reaction can be controlled
and the p-nitro derivative can be obtained as the major product |
1 | 7314-7317 | Moreover, in the
strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the
anilinium ion which is meta directing That is why besides the
ortho and para derivatives, significant amount of meta derivative
is also formed However, by protecting the –NH2 group by acetylation reaction
with acetic anhydride, the nitration reaction can be controlled
and the p-nitro derivative can be obtained as the major product (c) Sulphonation: Aniline reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid
to form anilinium hydrogensulphate which on heating with
sulphuric acid at 453-473K produces p-aminobenzene sulphonic
acid, commonly known as sulphanilic acid, as the major product |
1 | 7315-7318 | That is why besides the
ortho and para derivatives, significant amount of meta derivative
is also formed However, by protecting the –NH2 group by acetylation reaction
with acetic anhydride, the nitration reaction can be controlled
and the p-nitro derivative can be obtained as the major product (c) Sulphonation: Aniline reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid
to form anilinium hydrogensulphate which on heating with
sulphuric acid at 453-473K produces p-aminobenzene sulphonic
acid, commonly known as sulphanilic acid, as the major product Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction (alkylation and
acetylation) due to salt formation with aluminium chloride, the
Lewis acid, which is used as a catalyst |
1 | 7316-7319 | However, by protecting the –NH2 group by acetylation reaction
with acetic anhydride, the nitration reaction can be controlled
and the p-nitro derivative can be obtained as the major product (c) Sulphonation: Aniline reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid
to form anilinium hydrogensulphate which on heating with
sulphuric acid at 453-473K produces p-aminobenzene sulphonic
acid, commonly known as sulphanilic acid, as the major product Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction (alkylation and
acetylation) due to salt formation with aluminium chloride, the
Lewis acid, which is used as a catalyst Due to this, nitrogen of
aniline acquires positive charge and hence acts as a strong
deactivating group for further reaction |
1 | 7317-7320 | (c) Sulphonation: Aniline reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid
to form anilinium hydrogensulphate which on heating with
sulphuric acid at 453-473K produces p-aminobenzene sulphonic
acid, commonly known as sulphanilic acid, as the major product Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction (alkylation and
acetylation) due to salt formation with aluminium chloride, the
Lewis acid, which is used as a catalyst Due to this, nitrogen of
aniline acquires positive charge and hence acts as a strong
deactivating group for further reaction Rationalised 2023-24
274
Chemistry
II |
1 | 7318-7321 | Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction (alkylation and
acetylation) due to salt formation with aluminium chloride, the
Lewis acid, which is used as a catalyst Due to this, nitrogen of
aniline acquires positive charge and hence acts as a strong
deactivating group for further reaction Rationalised 2023-24
274
Chemistry
II DIAZONIUM SALTS
The diazonium salts have the general formula
–
2
R N X
where R stands
for an aryl group and
–
X ion may be Cl
– Br,
–
4
HSO ,
4
BF , etc |
1 | 7319-7322 | Due to this, nitrogen of
aniline acquires positive charge and hence acts as a strong
deactivating group for further reaction Rationalised 2023-24
274
Chemistry
II DIAZONIUM SALTS
The diazonium salts have the general formula
–
2
R N X
where R stands
for an aryl group and
–
X ion may be Cl
– Br,
–
4
HSO ,
4
BF , etc They are
named by suffixing diazonium to the name of the parent hydrocarbon
from which they are formed, followed by the name of anion such as
chloride, hydrogensulphate, etc |
1 | 7320-7323 | Rationalised 2023-24
274
Chemistry
II DIAZONIUM SALTS
The diazonium salts have the general formula
–
2
R N X
where R stands
for an aryl group and
–
X ion may be Cl
– Br,
–
4
HSO ,
4
BF , etc They are
named by suffixing diazonium to the name of the parent hydrocarbon
from which they are formed, followed by the name of anion such as
chloride, hydrogensulphate, etc The
N2
group is called diazonium
group |
1 | 7321-7324 | DIAZONIUM SALTS
The diazonium salts have the general formula
–
2
R N X
where R stands
for an aryl group and
–
X ion may be Cl
– Br,
–
4
HSO ,
4
BF , etc They are
named by suffixing diazonium to the name of the parent hydrocarbon
from which they are formed, followed by the name of anion such as
chloride, hydrogensulphate, etc The
N2
group is called diazonium
group For example,
–
2
6
C H5
N
Cl
is named as benzenediazonium
chloride and C6H5N2
+HSO4
– is known as benzenediazonium
hydrogensulphate |
1 | 7322-7325 | They are
named by suffixing diazonium to the name of the parent hydrocarbon
from which they are formed, followed by the name of anion such as
chloride, hydrogensulphate, etc The
N2
group is called diazonium
group For example,
–
2
6
C H5
N
Cl
is named as benzenediazonium
chloride and C6H5N2
+HSO4
– is known as benzenediazonium
hydrogensulphate Primary aliphatic amines form highly unstable alkyldiazonium salts
(refer to Section 9 |
1 | 7323-7326 | The
N2
group is called diazonium
group For example,
–
2
6
C H5
N
Cl
is named as benzenediazonium
chloride and C6H5N2
+HSO4
– is known as benzenediazonium
hydrogensulphate Primary aliphatic amines form highly unstable alkyldiazonium salts
(refer to Section 9 6) |
1 | 7324-7327 | For example,
–
2
6
C H5
N
Cl
is named as benzenediazonium
chloride and C6H5N2
+HSO4
– is known as benzenediazonium
hydrogensulphate Primary aliphatic amines form highly unstable alkyldiazonium salts
(refer to Section 9 6) Primary aromatic amines form arenediazonium
salts which are stable for a short time in solution at low temperatures
(273-278 K) |
1 | 7325-7328 | Primary aliphatic amines form highly unstable alkyldiazonium salts
(refer to Section 9 6) Primary aromatic amines form arenediazonium
salts which are stable for a short time in solution at low temperatures
(273-278 K) The stability of arenediazonium ion is explained on the
basis of resonance |
1 | 7326-7329 | 6) Primary aromatic amines form arenediazonium
salts which are stable for a short time in solution at low temperatures
(273-278 K) The stability of arenediazonium ion is explained on the
basis of resonance Benzenediazonium chloride is prepared by the reaction of aniline with
nitrous acid at 273-278K |
1 | 7327-7330 | Primary aromatic amines form arenediazonium
salts which are stable for a short time in solution at low temperatures
(273-278 K) The stability of arenediazonium ion is explained on the
basis of resonance Benzenediazonium chloride is prepared by the reaction of aniline with
nitrous acid at 273-278K Nitrous acid is produced in the reaction
mixture by the reaction of sodium nitrite with hydrochloric acid |
1 | 7328-7331 | The stability of arenediazonium ion is explained on the
basis of resonance Benzenediazonium chloride is prepared by the reaction of aniline with
nitrous acid at 273-278K Nitrous acid is produced in the reaction
mixture by the reaction of sodium nitrite with hydrochloric acid The
conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts is known
as diazotisation |
1 | 7329-7332 | Benzenediazonium chloride is prepared by the reaction of aniline with
nitrous acid at 273-278K Nitrous acid is produced in the reaction
mixture by the reaction of sodium nitrite with hydrochloric acid The
conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts is known
as diazotisation Due to its instability, the diazonium salt is not
generally stored and is used immediately after its preparation |
1 | 7330-7333 | Nitrous acid is produced in the reaction
mixture by the reaction of sodium nitrite with hydrochloric acid The
conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts is known
as diazotisation Due to its instability, the diazonium salt is not
generally stored and is used immediately after its preparation
2
273 278K
6
5
2
–
6
5
2
2
C H
NaNO
2H
C H
Na
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
N
2H
N
O
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
9 |
1 | 7331-7334 | The
conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts is known
as diazotisation Due to its instability, the diazonium salt is not
generally stored and is used immediately after its preparation
2
273 278K
6
5
2
–
6
5
2
2
C H
NaNO
2H
C H
Na
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
N
2H
N
O
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
9 4
Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:
(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2 and (C2H5)2NH
(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2
(iii) CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2, C6H5CH2NH2 |
1 | 7332-7335 | Due to its instability, the diazonium salt is not
generally stored and is used immediately after its preparation
2
273 278K
6
5
2
–
6
5
2
2
C H
NaNO
2H
C H
Na
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
N
2H
N
O
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
9 4
Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:
(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2 and (C2H5)2NH
(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2
(iii) CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2, C6H5CH2NH2 9 |
1 | 7333-7336 |
2
273 278K
6
5
2
–
6
5
2
2
C H
NaNO
2H
C H
Na
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
N
2H
N
O
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
9 4
Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:
(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2 and (C2H5)2NH
(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2
(iii) CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2, C6H5CH2NH2 9 5
Complete the following acid-base reactions and name the products:
(i) CH3CH2CH2NH2 + HCl ®
(ii) (C2H5)3N + HCl ®
9 |
1 | 7334-7337 | 4
Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:
(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2 and (C2H5)2NH
(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2
(iii) CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2, C6H5CH2NH2 9 5
Complete the following acid-base reactions and name the products:
(i) CH3CH2CH2NH2 + HCl ®
(ii) (C2H5)3N + HCl ®
9 6
Write reactions of the final alkylation product of aniline with excess of methyl
iodide in the presence of sodium carbonate solution |
1 | 7335-7338 | 9 5
Complete the following acid-base reactions and name the products:
(i) CH3CH2CH2NH2 + HCl ®
(ii) (C2H5)3N + HCl ®
9 6
Write reactions of the final alkylation product of aniline with excess of methyl
iodide in the presence of sodium carbonate solution 9 |
1 | 7336-7339 | 5
Complete the following acid-base reactions and name the products:
(i) CH3CH2CH2NH2 + HCl ®
(ii) (C2H5)3N + HCl ®
9 6
Write reactions of the final alkylation product of aniline with excess of methyl
iodide in the presence of sodium carbonate solution 9 7
Write chemical reaction of aniline with benzoyl chloride and write the name of
the product obtained |
1 | 7337-7340 | 6
Write reactions of the final alkylation product of aniline with excess of methyl
iodide in the presence of sodium carbonate solution 9 7
Write chemical reaction of aniline with benzoyl chloride and write the name of
the product obtained 9 |
1 | 7338-7341 | 9 7
Write chemical reaction of aniline with benzoyl chloride and write the name of
the product obtained 9 8
Write structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula,
C3H9N |
1 | 7339-7342 | 7
Write chemical reaction of aniline with benzoyl chloride and write the name of
the product obtained 9 8
Write structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula,
C3H9N Write IUPAC names of the isomers which will liberate nitrogen gas on
treatment with nitrous acid |
1 | 7340-7343 | 9 8
Write structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula,
C3H9N Write IUPAC names of the isomers which will liberate nitrogen gas on
treatment with nitrous acid 9 |
1 | 7341-7344 | 8
Write structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula,
C3H9N Write IUPAC names of the isomers which will liberate nitrogen gas on
treatment with nitrous acid 9 7
9 |
1 | 7342-7345 | Write IUPAC names of the isomers which will liberate nitrogen gas on
treatment with nitrous acid 9 7
9 7
9 |
1 | 7343-7346 | 9 7
9 7
9 7
9 |
1 | 7344-7347 | 7
9 7
9 7
9 7
9 |
1 | 7345-7348 | 7
9 7
9 7
9 7 Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Rationalised 2023-24
275
Amines
Benzenediazonium chloride is a colourless crystalline solid |
1 | 7346-7349 | 7
9 7
9 7 Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Rationalised 2023-24
275
Amines
Benzenediazonium chloride is a colourless crystalline solid It is readily
soluble in water and is stable in cold but reacts with water when
warmed |
1 | 7347-7350 | 7
9 7 Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Rationalised 2023-24
275
Amines
Benzenediazonium chloride is a colourless crystalline solid It is readily
soluble in water and is stable in cold but reacts with water when
warmed It decomposes easily in the dry state |
1 | 7348-7351 | 7 Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Method of
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
of Diazoniun
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Salts
Rationalised 2023-24
275
Amines
Benzenediazonium chloride is a colourless crystalline solid It is readily
soluble in water and is stable in cold but reacts with water when
warmed It decomposes easily in the dry state Benzenediazonium
fluoroborate is water insoluble and stable at room temperature |
1 | 7349-7352 | It is readily
soluble in water and is stable in cold but reacts with water when
warmed It decomposes easily in the dry state Benzenediazonium
fluoroborate is water insoluble and stable at room temperature The reactions of diazonium salts can be broadly divided into two
categories, namely (A) reactions involving displacement of nitrogen and
(B) reactions involving retention of diazo group |
1 | 7350-7353 | It decomposes easily in the dry state Benzenediazonium
fluoroborate is water insoluble and stable at room temperature The reactions of diazonium salts can be broadly divided into two
categories, namely (A) reactions involving displacement of nitrogen and
(B) reactions involving retention of diazo group A |
1 | 7351-7354 | Benzenediazonium
fluoroborate is water insoluble and stable at room temperature The reactions of diazonium salts can be broadly divided into two
categories, namely (A) reactions involving displacement of nitrogen and
(B) reactions involving retention of diazo group A Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen
Diazonium group being a very good leaving group, is substituted
by other groups such as Cl
–, Br
–
, I
–
, CN
–
and OH
– which displace
nitrogen from the aromatic ring |
1 | 7352-7355 | The reactions of diazonium salts can be broadly divided into two
categories, namely (A) reactions involving displacement of nitrogen and
(B) reactions involving retention of diazo group A Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen
Diazonium group being a very good leaving group, is substituted
by other groups such as Cl
–, Br
–
, I
–
, CN
–
and OH
– which displace
nitrogen from the aromatic ring The nitrogen formed escapes from
the reaction mixture as a gas |
1 | 7353-7356 | A Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen
Diazonium group being a very good leaving group, is substituted
by other groups such as Cl
–, Br
–
, I
–
, CN
–
and OH
– which displace
nitrogen from the aromatic ring The nitrogen formed escapes from
the reaction mixture as a gas 1 |
1 | 7354-7357 | Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen
Diazonium group being a very good leaving group, is substituted
by other groups such as Cl
–, Br
–
, I
–
, CN
–
and OH
– which displace
nitrogen from the aromatic ring The nitrogen formed escapes from
the reaction mixture as a gas 1 Replacement by halide or cyanide ion: The Cl
–, Br
– and CN
–
nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring in the
presence of Cu(I) ion |
1 | 7355-7358 | The nitrogen formed escapes from
the reaction mixture as a gas 1 Replacement by halide or cyanide ion: The Cl
–, Br
– and CN
–
nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring in the
presence of Cu(I) ion This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction |
1 | 7356-7359 | 1 Replacement by halide or cyanide ion: The Cl
–, Br
– and CN
–
nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring in the
presence of Cu(I) ion This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction Alternatively, chlorine or bromine can also be introduced in the
benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with corresponding
halogen acid in the presence of copper powder |
1 | 7357-7360 | Replacement by halide or cyanide ion: The Cl
–, Br
– and CN
–
nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring in the
presence of Cu(I) ion This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction Alternatively, chlorine or bromine can also be introduced in the
benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with corresponding
halogen acid in the presence of copper powder This is referred as
Gatterman reaction |
1 | 7358-7361 | This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction Alternatively, chlorine or bromine can also be introduced in the
benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with corresponding
halogen acid in the presence of copper powder This is referred as
Gatterman reaction The yield in Sandmeyer reaction is found to be better than
Gattermann reaction |
1 | 7359-7362 | Alternatively, chlorine or bromine can also be introduced in the
benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with corresponding
halogen acid in the presence of copper powder This is referred as
Gatterman reaction The yield in Sandmeyer reaction is found to be better than
Gattermann reaction 2 |
1 | 7360-7363 | This is referred as
Gatterman reaction The yield in Sandmeyer reaction is found to be better than
Gattermann reaction 2 Replacement by iodide ion: Iodine is not easily introduced into
the benzene ring directly, but, when the diazonium salt solution
is treated with potassium iodide, iodobenzene is formed |
1 | 7361-7364 | The yield in Sandmeyer reaction is found to be better than
Gattermann reaction 2 Replacement by iodide ion: Iodine is not easily introduced into
the benzene ring directly, but, when the diazonium salt solution
is treated with potassium iodide, iodobenzene is formed 3 |
1 | 7362-7365 | 2 Replacement by iodide ion: Iodine is not easily introduced into
the benzene ring directly, but, when the diazonium salt solution
is treated with potassium iodide, iodobenzene is formed 3 Replacement by fluoride ion: When arenediazonium chloride is
treated with fluoroboric acid, arene diazonium fluoroborate is
precipitated which on heating decomposes to yield aryl fluoride |
1 | 7363-7366 | Replacement by iodide ion: Iodine is not easily introduced into
the benzene ring directly, but, when the diazonium salt solution
is treated with potassium iodide, iodobenzene is formed 3 Replacement by fluoride ion: When arenediazonium chloride is
treated with fluoroboric acid, arene diazonium fluoroborate is
precipitated which on heating decomposes to yield aryl fluoride 4 |
1 | 7364-7367 | 3 Replacement by fluoride ion: When arenediazonium chloride is
treated with fluoroboric acid, arene diazonium fluoroborate is
precipitated which on heating decomposes to yield aryl fluoride 4 Replacement by H: Certain mild reducing agents like
hypophosphorous acid (phosphinic acid) or ethanol reduce
diazonium salts to arenes and themselves get oxidised to
phosphorous acid and ethanal, respectively |
1 | 7365-7368 | Replacement by fluoride ion: When arenediazonium chloride is
treated with fluoroboric acid, arene diazonium fluoroborate is
precipitated which on heating decomposes to yield aryl fluoride 4 Replacement by H: Certain mild reducing agents like
hypophosphorous acid (phosphinic acid) or ethanol reduce
diazonium salts to arenes and themselves get oxidised to
phosphorous acid and ethanal, respectively 9 |
1 | 7366-7369 | 4 Replacement by H: Certain mild reducing agents like
hypophosphorous acid (phosphinic acid) or ethanol reduce
diazonium salts to arenes and themselves get oxidised to
phosphorous acid and ethanal, respectively 9 8
9 |
1 | 7367-7370 | Replacement by H: Certain mild reducing agents like
hypophosphorous acid (phosphinic acid) or ethanol reduce
diazonium salts to arenes and themselves get oxidised to
phosphorous acid and ethanal, respectively 9 8
9 8
9 |
1 | 7368-7371 | 9 8
9 8
9 8
9 |
1 | 7369-7372 | 8
9 8
9 8
9 8
9 |
1 | 7370-7373 | 8
9 8
9 8
9 8
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
9 |
1 | 7371-7374 | 8
9 8
9 8
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
9 9
9 |
1 | 7372-7375 | 8
9 8
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
9 9
9 9
9 |
1 | 7373-7376 | 8
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
Properties
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 |
1 | 7374-7377 | 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 |
1 | 7375-7378 | 9
9 9
9 9
9 9 Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
2
2
2
2
Rationalised 2023-24
276
Chemistry
5 |
1 | 7376-7379 | 9
9 9
9 9 Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
2
2
2
2
Rationalised 2023-24
276
Chemistry
5 Replacement by hydroxyl group: If the temperature of the
diazonium salt solution is allowed to rise upto 283 K, the salt
gets hydrolysed to phenol |
1 | 7377-7380 | 9
9 9 Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
2
2
2
2
Rationalised 2023-24
276
Chemistry
5 Replacement by hydroxyl group: If the temperature of the
diazonium salt solution is allowed to rise upto 283 K, the salt
gets hydrolysed to phenol 6 |
1 | 7378-7381 | 9 Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Chemical
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
2
2
2
2
Rationalised 2023-24
276
Chemistry
5 Replacement by hydroxyl group: If the temperature of the
diazonium salt solution is allowed to rise upto 283 K, the salt
gets hydrolysed to phenol 6 Replacement by –NO2 group: When diazonium fluoroborate is
heated with aqueous sodium nitrite solution in the presence of
copper, the diazonium group is replaced by –NO2 group |
1 | 7379-7382 | Replacement by hydroxyl group: If the temperature of the
diazonium salt solution is allowed to rise upto 283 K, the salt
gets hydrolysed to phenol 6 Replacement by –NO2 group: When diazonium fluoroborate is
heated with aqueous sodium nitrite solution in the presence of
copper, the diazonium group is replaced by –NO2 group B |
1 | 7380-7383 | 6 Replacement by –NO2 group: When diazonium fluoroborate is
heated with aqueous sodium nitrite solution in the presence of
copper, the diazonium group is replaced by –NO2 group B Reactions involving retention of diazo group
coupling reactions
The azo products obtained have an extended conjugate system having
both the aromatic rings joined through the –N=N– bond |
1 | 7381-7384 | Replacement by –NO2 group: When diazonium fluoroborate is
heated with aqueous sodium nitrite solution in the presence of
copper, the diazonium group is replaced by –NO2 group B Reactions involving retention of diazo group
coupling reactions
The azo products obtained have an extended conjugate system having
both the aromatic rings joined through the –N=N– bond These compounds
are often coloured and are used as dyes |
1 | 7382-7385 | B Reactions involving retention of diazo group
coupling reactions
The azo products obtained have an extended conjugate system having
both the aromatic rings joined through the –N=N– bond These compounds
are often coloured and are used as dyes Benzene diazonium chloride
reacts with phenol in which the phenol molecule at its para position is
coupled with the diazonium salt to form p-hydroxyazobenzene |
1 | 7383-7386 | Reactions involving retention of diazo group
coupling reactions
The azo products obtained have an extended conjugate system having
both the aromatic rings joined through the –N=N– bond These compounds
are often coloured and are used as dyes Benzene diazonium chloride
reacts with phenol in which the phenol molecule at its para position is
coupled with the diazonium salt to form p-hydroxyazobenzene This
type of reaction is known as coupling reaction |
1 | 7384-7387 | These compounds
are often coloured and are used as dyes Benzene diazonium chloride
reacts with phenol in which the phenol molecule at its para position is
coupled with the diazonium salt to form p-hydroxyazobenzene This
type of reaction is known as coupling reaction Similarly the reaction of
diazonium salt with aniline yields p-aminoazobenzene |
1 | 7385-7388 | Benzene diazonium chloride
reacts with phenol in which the phenol molecule at its para position is
coupled with the diazonium salt to form p-hydroxyazobenzene This
type of reaction is known as coupling reaction Similarly the reaction of
diazonium salt with aniline yields p-aminoazobenzene This is an example
of electrophilic substitution reaction |
1 | 7386-7389 | This
type of reaction is known as coupling reaction Similarly the reaction of
diazonium salt with aniline yields p-aminoazobenzene This is an example
of electrophilic substitution reaction From the above reactions, it is clear that the diazonium salts are very
good intermediates for the introduction of –F, –Cl, –Br, –I, –CN, –OH,
–NO2 groups into the aromatic ring |
1 | 7387-7390 | Similarly the reaction of
diazonium salt with aniline yields p-aminoazobenzene This is an example
of electrophilic substitution reaction From the above reactions, it is clear that the diazonium salts are very
good intermediates for the introduction of –F, –Cl, –Br, –I, –CN, –OH,
–NO2 groups into the aromatic ring Aryl fluorides and iodides cannot be prepared by direct halogenation |
1 | 7388-7391 | This is an example
of electrophilic substitution reaction From the above reactions, it is clear that the diazonium salts are very
good intermediates for the introduction of –F, –Cl, –Br, –I, –CN, –OH,
–NO2 groups into the aromatic ring Aryl fluorides and iodides cannot be prepared by direct halogenation The cyano group cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of
chlorine in chlorobenzene but cyanobenzene can be easily obtained
from diazonium salt |
1 | 7389-7392 | From the above reactions, it is clear that the diazonium salts are very
good intermediates for the introduction of –F, –Cl, –Br, –I, –CN, –OH,
–NO2 groups into the aromatic ring Aryl fluorides and iodides cannot be prepared by direct halogenation The cyano group cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of
chlorine in chlorobenzene but cyanobenzene can be easily obtained
from diazonium salt Thus, the replacement of diazo group by other groups is helpful in
99999 |
1 | 7390-7393 | Aryl fluorides and iodides cannot be prepared by direct halogenation The cyano group cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of
chlorine in chlorobenzene but cyanobenzene can be easily obtained
from diazonium salt Thus, the replacement of diazo group by other groups is helpful in
99999 10 |
1 | 7391-7394 | The cyano group cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of
chlorine in chlorobenzene but cyanobenzene can be easily obtained
from diazonium salt Thus, the replacement of diazo group by other groups is helpful in
99999 10 10 |
1 | 7392-7395 | Thus, the replacement of diazo group by other groups is helpful in
99999 10 10 10 |
1 | 7393-7396 | 10 10 10 10 |
1 | 7394-7397 | 10 10 10 10 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
ofofofofof Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
277
Amines
preparing those substituted aromatic compounds which cannot be
prepared by direct substitution in benzene or substituted benzene |
1 | 7395-7398 | 10 10 10 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
ofofofofof Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
277
Amines
preparing those substituted aromatic compounds which cannot be
prepared by direct substitution in benzene or substituted benzene 9 |
1 | 7396-7399 | 10 10 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
ofofofofof Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
277
Amines
preparing those substituted aromatic compounds which cannot be
prepared by direct substitution in benzene or substituted benzene 9 9
Convert
(i) 3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene |
1 | 7397-7400 | 10 Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
Importance
ofofofofof Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Diazonium
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Salts in
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
Synthesis
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
of Aromatic
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Compounds
Rationalised 2023-24
277
Amines
preparing those substituted aromatic compounds which cannot be
prepared by direct substitution in benzene or substituted benzene 9 9
Convert
(i) 3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene (ii) Aniline into 1,3,5 - tribromobenzene |
1 | 7398-7401 | 9 9
Convert
(i) 3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene (ii) Aniline into 1,3,5 - tribromobenzene Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
How will you convert 4-nitrotoluene to 2-bromobenzoic acid |
1 | 7399-7402 | 9
Convert
(i) 3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene (ii) Aniline into 1,3,5 - tribromobenzene Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
How will you convert 4-nitrotoluene to 2-bromobenzoic acid Example 9 |
1 | 7400-7403 | (ii) Aniline into 1,3,5 - tribromobenzene Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
How will you convert 4-nitrotoluene to 2-bromobenzoic acid Example 9 5
Example 9 |
1 | 7401-7404 | Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
Intext Question
How will you convert 4-nitrotoluene to 2-bromobenzoic acid Example 9 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 |
1 | 7402-7405 | Example 9 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 |
1 | 7403-7406 | 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 |
1 | 7404-7407 | 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 5
Example 9 5
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia obtained by replacement of
hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups |
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