question
stringlengths 1
1.57k
| exp
stringlengths 1
22.5k
⌀ | cop
int64 1
4
| opa
stringlengths 1
287
| opb
stringlengths 1
287
| opc
stringlengths 1
286
| opd
stringlengths 1
301
| subject_name
stringclasses 21
values | topic_name
stringlengths 3
135
⌀ | id
stringlengths 36
36
| choice_type
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lordaceous spleen is seen in - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Diffuse amyloidosis Focal amyloidosis cause sago spleen | 4 | Alcoholic hepatitis | Chronic active hepatits | Focal amyloidosis | Diffuse amyloidosis | Pathology | null | 3700fe42-b535-4bfd-87cb-5fe8c51847a0 | single |
Central stellate scar on CT scans are seen in: | Central stellate Scar is seen in 1. FNH 2. Fibrolamellar HCC 3.Serous cystadenoma (Pancreas) 4.Renal Oncocytoma | 4 | Renal oncocytoma | FNH | Serous cystadenoma pancreas | All of the above | Surgery | Kidney and ureter | 839f4acb-eba1-4c13-9d04-538b3eb1e2b5 | multi |
Which of the following is the causative organism for formation of Baholin cyst? | Baholin's glands (great vestibular glands) are located at the vaginal orifice at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions. Their ducts are lined with transitional epithelium and their obstruction secondary to inflammation may lead to the development of a Baholin's cyst or abscess. Baholin's cysts range in size from 1 to 3 cm. Infections are often polymicrobial; however, sexually transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are sometimes implicated. Treatment consists of incision and drainage and placement of a Word catheter, a small catheter with a balloon tip, for 2 to 3 weeks to allow for formation and epithelialization of a new duct. Ref: Cain J., ElMasri W.M., Gregory T., Kohn E.C. (2010). Chapter 41. Gynecology. In F.C. Brunicardi, D.K. Andersen, T.R. Billiar, D.L. Dunn, J.G. Hunter, J.B. Matthews, R.E. Pollock (Eds), Schwaz's Principles of Surgery, 9e. | 3 | Candida | Anaerobes | Neissea | Trichomonas | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | fa1474ff-384c-4f17-a5ab-f37845bd62ec | single |
Supraspinatus injury leads to which of the following: | Ans. (c) Cannot abductRef. Apley's System of Orthopaedics & Fractures, 8th ed. 281-82In case of supraspinatus injury, abduction is restricted.Function of Rotator Cuff Muscle* Supraspinatus: Assists deltoid in abduction of arm by fixing head of humerus against the glenoid cavity.* Infraspinatus & Teres minor: Laterally (externally) rotates arm & stabilizes the shoulder joint.* Subscapularis: Internal rotation | 3 | Frozen shoulder | Winging of scapula | Cannot abduct | Cannot adduct | Orthopaedics | Injuries Around Shoulder | a2fb2622-6ef0-4e81-9727-9bd5ee20dd44 | single |
Antidepressant drug is: | Classification I Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs) Moclobemide, Clorgyline II. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) NA + 5-HT reuptake inhibitors Imipramine, Amitriptyline, Trimipramine, Doxepin, Dothiepin, Clomipramine B. Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors Desipramine, Noriptyline, Amoxapine, Reboxetine Ill. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRis) Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Seraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram IV. Atypical antidepressants Trazodone, Mianserin, Miazapine, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Tianeptine, Amineptine, Bupropion Ref: K D Tripathi 8th edition | 4 | Pimozide | Haloperidol | Thioridazine | Citalopram | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | 5d084e42-365f-4dd0-bcfd-d48f53b878a0 | single |
Which of the following about syncope is false | null | 4 | Another term for fainting | Is transient reversible loss of consciousness | Caused by altered circulation | None of the above | Surgery | null | ce7d2143-1d82-4d24-aa44-d6bc64ffd4a9 | multi |
Metabolism of xenobiotics is done by - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome p450 o Biotransformation reactions (metabolism) of drugs can be classified :A. Non-synthetic (phase I) reactions# Metabolism brings about a change in the drug molecule by:1. Oxidation2. Reduction3. Hydrolysis4. Cyclization5. Decyclization# The new metabolite may retain biological activity or it may be an inactive metabolite.# Oxidation is the most important metabolizing reaction.# The most important enzyme for oxidation reaction is cytochrome P450B.Synthetic (phase II or conjugation) reaction# Metabolism involves union of the drug with one of several polar (water-soluble) endogenous molecules that are products of intermediary metabolism, to form a water-soluble conjugate which is readily eliminated by kidney or, if the molecular weight exceeds 300, in the bile.# Phase II metabolism almost invariably terminates biological activity, i.e. metabolites are usually inactive.# Reactions are:-1. Acetylation2. Glucuronide conjugation3. Glycine conjugation4. Glutathione conjugation5. Sulfate conjugation6. Methylation7. Neucleotide synthesis | 2 | Cytochrome | Cytochrome p450 | Cytochrome C | Cytochrome A | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics | 315f6772-fe84-421a-9ce7-ed30d6ff1d39 | single |
Relationship of neurovascular bundle from above downward in intercostal space - | Ans. is'd' i.e., Vein - Artery - Nerveo All intercostal muscles are supplied by the intercostal nerves of the spaces in which they lie.o The neurovascular plane of thorax lies between internal intercostal and intercostalis initimi or innermost intercostal (transversus thoracis).o Neurovascular bundle lies in costal groove and the relationship from above downw ard is posterior intercostal vein and artery and intercostal nerve (VAN). | 4 | Nerve -Artery - Vein | Artery - Nerve -Vein | Vein - Nerve - Artery | Vein -Artery - Nerve | Anatomy | Blood Vessels of Thorax | 9eca7c15-79cf-4d42-aa96-5a4f73bc7d81 | multi |
True about Post traumatic fat embolism syndrome is A/E | D i.e. Associated diabetes pose a risk. Fat Embolism Syndrome A syndrome caused by an inflammatory response to embolized fat globules Symptoms usually occur 1-3 days after a traumatic injury and are predominantly pulmonary (shoness of breath, hypoxemia), neurological (agitation, delirium, or coma), dermatological (petechial rash), and haematological (anaemia, low platelets). Epidemiologyincidence 3-4% with isolated long bone trauma 10-15% with polytrauma Pathophysiologyfat and marrow elements are embolized into the bloodstream during acute long bone fractures intramedullary instrumentation intramedullary nailing hip & knee ahroplasty pathophysiologytwo theories regarding the causes of fat embolism includemechanical theory embolism is caused by droplets of bone marrow fat released into venous system metabolic theory stress from trauma causes changes in chylomicrons which result in formation of fat emboli Diagnosis CriteriaMajor (1) hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60) CNS depression (changes in mental status) petechial rash pulmonary edema Minor (4) tachycardia pyrexia retinal emboli fat in urine or sputum thrombocytopenia decreased HCT Additional PCO2 > 55 pH < 7.3 RR > 35 dyspnea anxiety TreatmentNonoperative mechanical ventilation with high levels of PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) indications acute fat emboli syndrome Preventionearly fracture stabilization indications early fracture stabilization (within 24 hours) of long bone fracture is most impoant factor in prevention of FES techniques to reduce the risk of fat emboli overreaming of the femoral canal during a TKA use of reamers with decreased shaft width reduces the risk during femoral reaming for intramedullary fixation use of external fixation for definitive fixation of long bone fractures in medically unstable patients decreases the risk | 4 | Bradycardia occur | Systemic hypoxia may occur | Fracture mobility is a risk factor | Associated diabetes pose a risk | Surgery | null | 0f86537a-a64f-4d10-a49e-60b77abeaeb3 | multi |
In the length tension relationship of skeletal muscle, the length at which active tension is maximum is: | Ans. (d) E(Ref: Guyton and Hall Physiology Review, 3rd ed/p.14)Active tension produced in the muscle is at point E.In the graph, A is the active tension curve.C is the passive tension curve. | 4 | A | F | D | E | Physiology | Muscle Physiology | 15e4dc9d-e521-4132-baa5-1a423d329ac5 | single |
Peripheral most unit for planning of Family planning and other services under RCH program is | The sub-centre level is the peripheral outpost of the existing health delivery system. Categorization Type A: Provide all recommended services except the facilities for conducting delivery is not available here. Type B (MCH sub-centre): All recommended services including facilities for conducting deliveries are available. | 1 | Sub-centre | Block/ Taluka | PHC | District | Social & Preventive Medicine | NEET 2019 | 47b13e4b-220e-41ef-a14e-44b99045993f | single |
All are seen in organic psychosis except : | D. i.e. Normal common knowledge | 4 | Disorientation in place, time & person | Clouding of conciousness | Hallucination | Normal common knowledge | Psychiatry | null | 0448faf9-b42a-4eb2-bdf2-ab33696ad321 | multi |
False about annular pancreas | Non bilious voimiting is seen in annular pancreas. | 2 | Associated with down syndrome | Bilious vomiting | Treatment is duodeno-duodenostomy | Diagnosis is by ERCP | Surgery | null | 9efab648-e28f-443a-9240-665752189528 | multi |
Glucose detection can be done by the all except | Ans: b (Ferric Chloride rest). Ref: Vasudevan 4th ed/p 191,102Ferric chloride test is positive in phenylketonuria and alkaptonuria. A transient blue green colour is seen when ferric chloride is added to the urine.Glucose oxidase test:-It is the most widely used. Used by autoanalysers. Glucose oxidase is very specific and acts only on beta-D-glucose. It is a quantitative test.Follin and Wu method is a reductometric method to estimate glucose colourimetrically. A later modification was Nelson Somogyi method.Dextrostix are strips used in glucometer. | 2 | Glucose oxidase | Ferric Chloride test | Dextrostix | Follin and Wu method | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates | d50e63ce-9c60-4868-9909-dd2af2788e10 | multi |
All are cerebral neurotics except | Neurotics: Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 399 | 3 | Opioids | Alcohol | Nux vomica | Cannabis | Anatomy | Poisoning | 1522065b-fb3b-4f79-b029-2e9b67c32853 | multi |
Primary hemostasis is disturbed in | null | 1 | Platelet disorder | lupus anticoagulant | hemophilia | Liver disease | Pathology | null | 48c294e9-49d4-4509-a035-fd107b765f25 | single |
A scooter is hit from behind. The rider is thrown off and he lands with his head hitting the kerb. He does not move, complains of severe pain in the neck and is unable to turn his head. Well-meaning onlookers rush up to him and try to make him sit up. What would be the best course of action in this situation? | Patients are usually transported to the emergency department on a hard backboard with neck immobilized by hard cervical collor.
The head and neck to be aligned with the long axis of trunk and immobilized in supine position.
The patient should be secured so that in the event of emesis; the backboard may be rotated 90° while the patient remains fully immobilize in a neutral position. | 3 | He should be propped up and given some water to drink | He should not be propped up but turned on his face and rushed to the hospital | He should be turned on his back and a support should be placed behind his neck and transported to the nearest hospital | He should not be moved at all but carried to the nearest hospital in the same position in which he has been since his fall. | Orthopaedics | null | c2fc56e3-071d-4795-918c-fe84ecd9ffa4 | multi |
Delirium & dementia can be differentiated by? | ANSWER: (D) Altered sensoriumREF: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry 10th ed chapter-10Repeat Psychiatry 2013 Session 1, June 2010 | 4 | Loss of memory | Apraxia | Delusion | Altered sensorium | Psychiatry | Dementia Due to Metabolic Causes | 1243f2c4-7c7b-4370-ac52-019269828554 | single |
Most common site of rhabdomyosarcoma is: | Most common site of rhabdomyosarcoma is HEAD & NECK (orbit among the given options). RHABDOMYOSARCOMA Rhabdomyosarcoma arises from mesenchymal tissues. MC sites of origin: Head & neckQ (parameningealQ)>Extremities >Genitourinary tract >Trunk MC pediatric soft tissue sarcoma: RhabdomyosarcomaQ Associated with: NF, Beckwith-Weidman syndrome, Li-fraumeni and Fetal alcohol syndrome | 1 | Orbit | Nasopharynx | Extremities | Hypopharynx | Surgery | Oncology | 74ec2f1b-0fee-4900-8076-57792b5ba2ba | single |
MIS is secreted by? | ANSWER: (A) Sertoli cellREF: Ganong's 22nd ed chapter 23See previous question for explanation | 1 | Sertoli cell | Leidig cell | Supporting cells | Semeniferous tubules | Physiology | Sex Hormones | 509f1dd6-4755-459d-8d9c-ba0e0041a62b | single |
A 30-year-old athlete complains of amenorrhea for 1 year. Her BMI is 20 kg/m2. LH and FSH are in low normal range. Clinical and USG findings are normal. Most likely cause is: | Ans. is b, i.e. Excessive exerciseThis athlete has BMI =20kg/m2, i.e. she is underweightHer FSH and LH are in low normal rangeAll these findings point towards that either there is a problem in hypothalamus or pituitary.One of the causes of hypothalamic amenorrhea is excessive exercise which is the most probable cause in this case. | 2 | Depression | Excessive exercise | Premature menopause | Anorexia nervosa | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Disorders in Menstruation | c0fff501-fcc4-4daf-8d9a-37e08df3a9f4 | single |
Nikolsky's sign seen in all of the following, except: | Nikolsky's Sign
A bulla can be induced on normal-appearing skin if firm lateral pressure is exerted.
It is acharacteristic feature of pemphigus vulgaris
Nikolsky's sign absent in- Bullous pemphigoid
Positive Nikolsky's Sign Present in
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus foliaceus
Familial benign pemphigus (Halley- Hailey disease)
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophic, Recessive
Erythema multiforme
Bullous lichen planus
Cicatricial Pemphigoid (Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Drug reaction)
Scalded skin syndrome (Bacterial infection) | 1 | Bullous pemphigoid | Mucus membrane pemphigoid | Toxic epidermal necrolysis | Scalded skin syndrome | Pathology | null | 4e12a236-c4cb-46ca-bd1b-b263f9e73129 | multi |
EBV positivity is higher in which type of Hodgkin lymphoma: | null | 2 | Nodular sclerosis. | Mixed cellularity. | Lymphocyte depleted. | Lymphocyte rich. | Pathology | null | d113ff21-8dd4-47ca-97d5-0578add8727f | single |
Hypercalcemia in ECG is diagnosed by: | Answer is B (Decreased QT interval) Hypercalcemia is characterized by a decreased QT interval. | 2 | Increased QT interval | Decreased QT interval | Increased PR interval | Tall T waves | Medicine | null | 2c737b12-1852-4229-8b4a-da6c71d63878 | multi |
Allergic reactions to radiological contrast agents are - | Acute non-renal reaction to a radiocontrast agent may be -
Non-IgE mediated anaphylactic reactions
Vasomotor / vasovagal reactions. | 1 | Anaphylactic reactions | IgE mediated reactions | Urticaria | Edema | Radiology | null | 948fc365-747c-44b4-89ab-4d5d4b73e5d1 | multi |
Type I hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by: | In immediate hypersensitivity (type I hypersensitivity)- the injury is caused by TH2 cells, IgE antibodies, and mast cells and other leukocytes. Mast cells release mediators that act on vessels and smooth muscle and pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells. | 4 | IgG | IgM | IgD | IgE | Pathology | Hypersensitivity | 4766b4b5-d7f4-4e48-b7a1-a0f3e2e20a22 | single |
Which one of the following fungus does NOT infect hair? rpt | trichophyton- hair, skin and nail. microsporum- hair and skin. epidermophyton- skin and nail. REF:Baveja textbook of microbiology 4th edition. | 1 | Epidermophyton | Microsporum | Trichophyton | Trichosporon | Microbiology | mycology | 7fe0629a-79b6-49da-b3f6-98834f2b7475 | single |
An athletic teenage girl complains of anterior knee pain on climbing stairs and on getting up after prolonged sitting. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | CAUSES: Mechanical overload of the patellofemoral joint. a) Malcongruence - patellofemoral surfaces b) Malalignment -- extensor mechanism - weakness of vastus medialis ingle injury -- damage to aicular surface CLINICAL FEATURES * Introspective teenage girl or athletic young adult * Flat foot / Knock kneed athletes * Spontaneous Pain in front of knee/ beneath the knew cap * Maybe h/o recurrent displacements/injury * Aggravated by activity/climbing down stairs/standing after prolonged sitting with knees flexed * Both knees * Swelling-give way-catching(not true locking) * Grating/grinding sensation when knee is extended Conservative Rx * Reassurance * Ice Application * Physiotherapy * Avoid stressful activities * Stretching and strengthening medial quadriceps in 15 mins 4 times/day -- Quad sets (bicycling, pool running, swimming flutter kick * Aspirin / Ibuprofen / Naproxen * Suppo for a valgus foot STEROIDS BEST AVOIDED ref : maheswari 9th ed | 1 | Chondramalacia Patellae | Plica Syndrome | Bipaite Patella | Patellofemoral osteoahritis | Orthopaedics | Thigh, Knee,Leg,Foot & Ankle injuries | ffcbbee7-42f5-4545-a99a-a97c2f5e04d9 | single |
Which of the following is true about ventilation and perfusion in alveoli in an erect posture | Apical alveoli have low ventilation and perfusion per unit volume of the lung, whereas the basal alveoli have high ventilation and perfusion.
Ventilation-perfusion ratio and the PaO2 is maximum at the apex. PCO2 is maximum at the base. | 1 | Ventilation/perfusion ratio is maximum at apex | Ventilation/perfusion ratio is maximum at base | Ventilation is maximum at apex | Perfusion is maximum at apex | Physiology | null | 26e11e65-d66e-4466-a34d-cd33ff2d8714 | multi |
'Endemic Disease' means that a disease: | Endemic refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group without impoation from outside. Ref: Park's Textbook Of Preventive And Social Medicine By K. Park, 19th Edition, Page 88; Park's Textbook Of Preventive And Social Medicine By K. Park, 18th Edition, Page 86 | 2 | Occurs clearly in excess of normal expectancy | Is constantly present in a given population group | Exhibits seasonal pattern | Is prevalent among animals | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | e3f0225e-b157-42ed-bda4-9b090c944f9e | single |
The following are example of apoptosis except? | Ans. is 'None' | 4 | Graft versus host disease | Menstrual cycle | Pathological atrophy following duct obstruction | None | Pathology | null | 64256142-6e1b-4b12-b96c-99240962406d | multi |
Regarding point source epidemic, false statement (s) is/are:a) Rapid rise & fallb) Only infectious disease can causec) Explosived) Cases occur even after incubation periode) No secondary wave | Features of point source (single exposure) epidemics
The exposure to the disease agent is brief and essentially simultaneous → single exposure.
Because disease agent enters into all exposed persons at same time → the resultant cases all develop within one incubation period of the disease.
The epidemic curve rises and falls rapidly.
Because exposure is single (simultaneous) with no further exposure → No secondary wave (no secondary case).
Epidemic tends to be explosive, there is clustering of cases within a narrow interval of time.
Point source epidemics are mostly (not always) due to exposure to an infectious agent.
Examples → Food poisoning, Bhopal gas tragedy, Minamata disease in Japan, Chernobyl tragedy. | 2 | ce | bd | cde | eb | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 174d5cdf-46cf-4e51-87be-111ff6342e64 | multi |
All of the following factors increases the level of respiratory neuron activity in the medulla, EXCEPT: | A rise in the PCO2 or H+ concentration of aerial blood or a drop in its Po2 increases the level of respiratory neuron activity in the medulla, and changes in the opposite direction have a slight inhibitory effect. The effects of variations in blood chemistry on ventilation are mediated respiratory chemoreceptors--the carotid and aoic bodies and collections of cells in the medulla. They initiate impulses that stimulate the respiratory center. Stimuli Affecting the Respiratory Center: Chemical control: CO2 ( CSF and brain interstitial fluid H+ concentration) O2& H+ ( carotid and aoic bodies) Nonchemical control: Vagal afferents from receptors in the airways and lungs Afferents from the pons, hypothalamus, and limbic system Afferents from proprioceptors Afferents from baroreceptors: aerial, atrial, ventricular, pulmonary Ref: Barrett K.E., Barman S.M., Boitano S., Brooks H.L. (2012). Chapter 36. Regulation of Respiration. In K.E. Barrett, S.M. Barman, S. Boitano, H.L. Brooks (Eds), Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 24e. | 3 | Rise in the PCO2 | Rise in H+ concentration of aerial blood | Rise in Po2 | Drop in Po2 | Physiology | null | ad2cf4d0-7180-45e9-b226-44b3947f0983 | multi |
All the following are characteristic of Turner Syndrome EXCEPT: | ANSWER: (C) Umbilical HerniaREF: Robbins 7th edition page 179, http://en.vrikipedia.org/wiki/Turner_syndromeTurner syndrome or Ullrich-Tumer syndrome (also known as 'Gonadal dysgenesis") encompasses several conditions in human females, of which monosomy X (absence of an entire sex chromosome, the Barr body) is most common. It is a chromosomal abnormality in which all or part of one of the sex chromosomes is absentClinical features:Short statureLymphedema (swelling) of the hands and feetBroad chest (shield chest) and widely spaced nipplesLow hairlineLow-set earssmall kwer jaw (micrognathia)cubitus valgus (turned-in elbows)soft upturned nailspalmar creaseReproductive sterilityRudimentary ovaries gonadal streak (underdeveloped gonadal structures that later become fibrosed)Amenorrhoea, or the absence of a menstrual periodIncreased weight, obesityShield shaped thorax of heartShortened metacarpal IVSmall fingernailsWebbed neck from cystic hygroma in infancyCoarctation of the aortaBicuspid aortic valvePoor breast developmentHorseshoe kidneyVisual impairments sclera, cornea, glaucoma, etc.Ear infections and hearing lossHigh waist-to-hip ratio (the hips are not much bigger than the waist)Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD (problems with concentration, memory, attention with hyperactivity seen mostly in childhood and adolescense)Nonverbal Learning Disability (problems with math, social skills and spatial relations) | 3 | Webbing of Neck | Cubitus valgus | Umbilical Hernia | Coarctation of Aorta | Pathology | Cytogenetic Disorders | 299fe8fd-725e-42d9-af59-8b8166f670c0 | multi |
Triglycerides are maximum in: | A i.e. Chylomicron | 1 | Chylomicrons | VLDL | LDL | HDL | Biochemistry | null | 7efd04ff-3f46-4531-b819-233d41888156 | single |
A patient comes with sudden respiratory distress, on examination, bilateral basal crepts are present over chest suggestive of pulmonary edema with normal alveolar wedge pressure. The likely cause is | Answer is A (Narcotic overdose): Pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure suggests a diagnosis of ARDS or non cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Narcotic overdose is the only non cardiogenic cause for pulmonary edema (ARDS) amongst the options provided and hence the answer here. | 1 | Narcotic overdose | Congestive hea failure | Myocardial infarction | Cardiogenic shock | Medicine | null | 89fc1b77-c3b6-40a9-8f8f-5db4ac525b7d | single |
Which is the most important feature to differentiate carcinoma in situ from invasive carcinoma? | Penetration of basement membrane is the hallmark of invasive carcinoma. In carcinoma in situ basement membrane is not involved. | 4 | Metastasis | Anaplasia | Number of mitotic spindles | Breach in basement membrane | Pathology | null | 4aac20f9-4129-4bff-a54c-24cddf6eecf7 | single |
First case to come to notice of physician is: | Index case | 3 | Primary case | Secondary case | Index case | Referral case | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 57797ea6-b76d-407a-8a22-9792bc746607 | single |
Cariostatic level of fluoride in drinking water is: | Fluoridation is the adjustment of water supply to a fluoride content such that reduction of 50 to 70% in dental caries would occur without damage to teeth or other structures.
In 1958, WHO produced the first report by an expert committee on water fluoridation (TRS 146) and concluded that drinking water containing about 1 ppm fluoride had marked caries - preventive action and that controlled fluoridation of drinking water was a practicable and effective public health measure.
Essentials of preventive and community dentistry
Soben Peter
5th edition | 1 | 1 ppm | 1.5 ppm | 2 ppm | 2.5 ppm | Dental | null | 7a1f09b8-8597-485a-b205-6a96acdba10d | single |
Temperature in autoclaving - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 120degC for 15 minutes MethodTemperature (degC)Holding time (in minutes)Autoclave12115 12610 1343Hot air oven16045 17018 1807.5 1901.5 | 3 | 160degC for 45 minutes | 170deg for 18 minutes | 120degC for 15 minutes | 126degC for 20 minutes | Microbiology | General | d8d01a7d-f8aa-4973-85bd-fdb6c71f7cfd | single |
Token economy is used in the treatment of | Token economy: It is a form of behavior modification designed to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of tokens. Individuals receive tokens immediately after displaying desirable behavior. The tokens are collected and later exchanged for a meaningful object or privilege. The primary goal of a token economy is to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior. Often token economies are used in institutional settings (such as psychiatric hospitals or correctional facilities) to manage the behavior of individuals who may be aggressive or unpredictable. | 1 | Schizophrenia | Depression | Dementia | Delirium | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders | 23f81bda-30da-45f3-bf14-5a87aa750ed9 | single |
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused with which ahritis: | Rheumatoid ahritis "Inflammation from rheumatoid ahritis results in a higher incidence of tarsal tunnel syndrome."- Current geriatric diagnosis,& treatment By C. Seth Landefeld, Robe Palmer, Mary Anne Johnson p459 "Carpal tunnel syndrome may be the presenting feature of rheumatoid ahritis."- Oxford textbook of rheumatology By David Alan Isenberg, Peter Maddison, Patricia Woo, David Glass, Ferdinand Breedveld 3/e p151 "Thus, compressive neuropathy of the branches of the posterior tibial nerve is a relatively frequent finding in patients with definite or classical RA."- Oxford Journals Medicine Rheumatology Volume 20, Number 3 Pp. 148-150 Tarsal tunnel syndrome Is entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve (with or without involvement of the medial calcaneal nerve) within the fibro-osseous tunnel posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus. The tarsal tunnel is bounded superficially by the flexor retinaculum (laciniate ligament). The tibial nerve may be constricted by pressure from without or within this tunnel. Sources of constriction beneath and adjacent to the tarsal tunnel include bone fragments from displaced distal tibial, talar, or calcaneal fractures; tenosynovitis or ganglia of an adjacent tendon sheath; and bone and soft-tissue encroachment in rheumatoid ahritis or ankylosing spondylitis, varicosities, neural tumor (neurilemoma) or perineural fibrosis. Compression of the nerve leads to pain and sensory disturbances over the plantar surface of the foot. The pain may be precipitated by prolonged weight bearing. It is often worse at night and the patient may seek relief by walking around or stamping his or her foot. Paraesthesia and numbness can also be seen. Tinel's percussion test over the posterior tibial nerve may be positive. imaging Studies and Special Tests: Electromyography and nerve conduction studies should be performed but can be normal early in the entrapment. MRI provides excellent visualization of the tarsal tunnel and is indicated if there is suspicion of a space-occupying lesion within the tunnel. Treatment is conservative with ohotic modifications and measures to decrease the inflammation surrounding the involved nerve. A medial arch suppo can be fitted to hold the foot in slight varus. Surgical decompression is performed only in refractory cases | 3 | Ankylosing spondylitis | Osteoahritis | Rheumatoid ahritis | Psoriatic ahritis | Surgery | null | 92234148-a3cf-4086-8afd-c995c0c200ec | single |
Hysteroscopical excision can be done for all EXCEPT: | Ans. (c) Subserous fibroidRef: Shaws 15th ed. 1359* Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. It is aka leiomyomas* They aren't associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and almost never develop into cancer.Types* Intramural fibroids are located within the wall of the uterus and are the most common type* Subserosal fibroids are located underneath the mucosal (peritoneal) surface of the uterus and can become very large. They can also grow out in a papillary manner to become pedunculated fibroids.# Therefore hysteroscopical excision is not possible.# It can be resected lapascopically or by open laparotomy.* Submucosal fibroids are located in the muscle beneath the endometrium of the uterus and distort the uterine cavity; even small lesions in this location may lead to bleeding and infertility* Cervical fibroids are located in the wall of the cervix (neck of the uterus)* Subserosal fibroids are located on the outer surface of the uterus. | 3 | Uterine fundus fibroid | Submucous fibroid | Subserous fibroid | Endometrial polyp | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Treatment and Recurrence | d2b8a480-044c-49e6-8bd5-c0618500da12 | multi |
Length of ureter is: | 25 cm | 3 | 15 cm | 20 cm | 25 cm | 30 cm | Anatomy | null | b80d3334-9e5d-4412-a29e-8e81e0994210 | single |
A case of road traffic accident (A) came with head injury, BP is 90/60, pulse is 150/min. Which anesthetic agent should be used for induction. | A i.e. Thiopentone In head injury, induction is preferably done by thiopental or propofol (both neuroprotective)Q and a rapid onset NMBD (usually rocuronium or mivacurium) following adequate preoxygenation hyperventilation by mask. A barbiturate (thiopentone) - opioid - N20-NMBA technique is commonly used or intraoperative maintenance anesthesia. Ketamine, halothane, succinylcholine can increase ICP and are better avoidedQ, however, Sch can be used in difficult intubation. Glucose containing or hypotonic crystalloid solutions, sedation without airway control and vasodilators (CCB, hydralazine, nitro-glycerine, nitroprusside) and PEEP are also avoided (or used very cautiously) in head injury. | 1 | Thiopentone | Ketamine | Halothane | Succinylcholine | Anaesthesia | null | 37d371b5-af6c-465d-9177-568f6dcd3932 | single |
Which of the following has the lowest Vitamin A | Ans) c (Amla) Ref Park 20th ed p 531Vitamin A is seen in most green and yellow fruits and vegetables Retinol equivalent of:* Ripe mango-313* Pappaya - 118* Orange - 25Amala is one of the richest source of Vit C both in fresh as well as in dry condition. | 3 | Pappaya | Mango | Amla | Orange | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and Health | b19ef51d-5fc4-4683-b041-e620855474d3 | single |
Plasma membrane of cell is bounded to cytoskeleton by which of the following? | In erythrocytes and most other cells ankyrin mediates the interaction between plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. Ankyrin also binds to the 100nm, rod shaped, antiparallel alpha beta heterodimers of spectrin and thus secures the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. Other membrane proteins with the same function are Cl-/HCO3- antipoer, sodium ion pumps and voltage dependent sodium ion channels. Ref: Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular And Medical Aspects, Volume 1, page 29 | 2 | Spectrin | Ankyrin | Tubulin | Laminin | Physiology | null | 50c3d3f3-039b-49bd-8cba-3d10b040640a | single |
Best means of giving hepatitis B vaccine is | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Intramuscular Deltoid Prophalyxis against HBV . Both passive and active immunization are available for HBV infection prophylaxis. . Passive prophylaxis is by hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). . Active immunization is by recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. . These are two recombinant vaccines : Recombivax - HB Engerix - B Vaccine is given intramuscular into the deltoid or in infants into the anterolateral aspect of thigh. Gluteal injection is not recommended as it may result in poor immune response. . Three doses are given at 0, 1 and 6 months. . For pre exposure prophylaxis only hepatitis B vaccine is given. . For post exposure prophylaxis combination of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine is recommended. For perinatal exposure single dose of HBIG at bih along with complete course of vaccination is recommended. First dose of vaccine should be given within 12 hours after bih. | 3 | Subcutaneous | Intradermal | Intramuscular deltoid | Intramuscular gluteal | Microbiology | null | 6eb01dd5-8876-4f51-a566-aa3a5cef98df | single |
Father’s blood group is ‘A’ & mother’s blood group is ‘AB'. Which of the following blood group is not possible in any of their children? | null | 3 | A | B | O | AB | Pathology | null | 27b9183b-19b4-4455-b82a-49ee03348762 | single |
Neutral amino acid is - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Glycine Neutral amino acidsAcidic amino acidsBasic amino acidsAlanineAspartic acid (aspartate)ArginineAspargingGlutamic acid (glutamate)HistidineCysteineGlycineGlutaminelsoleucineLeucineMethionineProlinePhenylalanineSerineThreonineTyrosineTryptophanValine Lysine | 3 | Aspartate | Arginine | Glycine | Histidine | Biochemistry | Primary Structure of Proteins | 6ce9762e-504b-4033-bb3f-e9ac49c3110e | single |
First agent shown to be effective in maniac phase of BPD is | .lithium was the frst agent to be used for mania it has mood stabilizing propey it was introduced by John F Cade it is liver friendly drug it has to be introduced in caution with renal derangements it can cause of hypothyroidim it should be given with caution with ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS, Angiotensin receptor antagonists it has a narrow thereupatic index the optimal level of lithium in blood need for reduction of acute symptoms is 0.8-1.2meq/l when taken in increased amount , it may result in lithium toxicity hemodialysis is the treatment for lithium toxicity | 1 | Lithium | Valproate | Lamotrigine | Carbamazepine | Psychiatry | All India exam | 8fa5ad57-040f-4241-a68a-a12e04706902 | single |
Second generation cephalosporin that can be used orally is | Ans. c (Cefaclor). (Ref. Pharmacology by KD Tripathi - 6th/pg. 704)GenerationOralParenteral1stCephalexinCefadroxilCephradineCephalothinCefazolin2ndCefaclorCefuroximeCefuroximeCefoxitin3rd QCefiximeCefpodoximeCefdinirCeftibuteCefoperazoneCefotanimeCeftizoximeCeftriaxoneCeftazidime4th--CefepimeCefpirome | 3 | Cefipime | Cephalothin | Cefaclor | Cefadroxil | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | de54500c-c3b6-4d20-b7b8-9b480e76d70e | multi |
Life span of house fly is? | The complete life cycle from egg to adult may take 5 to 6 days during summer in India, but at other times it may take 8 to 20 days. Flies do not generally live longer than 15 days in summer and 25 days during winter Eggs - 8 to 24 hours, Larvae - 2 to 7 days, Pupae - 3 to 6 days, Adults 5-20 says. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg | 3 | 5 days | 10 days | 1 month | 1 year | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | 6c53aa49-1461-415a-95dd-505e28795a8c | single |
Iceberg phenomenon is depicted by all of the following diseases except: | Iceberg phenomenon is not shown by diseases which have no carrier state such as: - Rabies - Tetanus - Measles - Rubella - Peussis Tip of iceberg Submerged pa of iceberg Composition Clinical cases Latent, inapparent, pre symptomatic, Undiagnosed cases and carriers Visibility to clinician Visible Invisible Prime impoance for Clinician Epidemiologist Detection Diagnostic tests Screening tests Useful level of prevention Secondary Secondary | 3 | Influenza | Hypeension | Measles | Malnutrition | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening | ed4575f9-15ea-4eb0-a990-88d8eceb397d | multi |
Reticulocytes are stained by | Ref Robbins 9/e p635 Reticulocytes are stained in living state in-vitro so staining with dyes like brilliant cresyl blue and new methylene blue is preferred road supra vital staining Brilliant cresyl blue is a supravital stain used for counting reticulocytes. It is classified as an oxazine dye | 2 | Methylviolet | Brilliant cresyl blue | Sudan black | Indigo carmine | Anatomy | Haematology | 51ed6d0c-c3b4-4ce7-91af-d459060c70ec | single |
True about CSF finding in pyogenic meningitis is - | null | 2 | CSF contains no organisms | ↓Chloride ↓ glucose | ↑T Glucose ↑protein | ↑ Chloride,↓ glucose | Medicine | null | b484756d-c878-4f88-9b50-d1d703f215b9 | multi |
In patient with anterior uveitis, decrease in vision due to involvement of posterior segment can occur because of | B i.e. Cystoid macular edema (CME) | 2 | Exudative RD | Cystoid macular edema (CME) | Vitreal floaters | Inflammatory disc edema | Ophthalmology | null | d4bcd923-bde3-4ae3-b986-124ec840f9e4 | single |
An old patient Ram Kishore having asthma and glaucoma is to receive a b blocker. Regarding b blocking drugs: | Metoprolol is a cardioselective (b1 selective) blocker and not b2 selective. Esmolol is the shoest acting b -blocker and is useful for acute treatment. Nadolol is a non-selective b-blocker. It blocks both b1 as well as b2 receptors. Propanolol possesses maximum local anaesthetic activity whereas timolol lacks this propey. | 4 | Metoprolol blocks b2 receptors selectively | Esmolol's pharmacokinetics are compatible with chronic topical use | Nadolol lacks b2 blocking action | Timolol lacks the local anaesthetic effects of propanolol | Pharmacology | ANS | 46e4e352-d153-43c9-bf21-5452e1cc87f2 | single |
Which of the following is false about watermelon stomach | Dilated veins and capillaries are present in the antrum | 4 | Watermelon stomach is more common in females | Causes upper GI bleeding | Treatment is argon photocoagulation | Dilated veins present in the fundus. | Surgery | null | 66211855-40d9-432a-8909-970bdbe3426f | multi |
Nerve injured in fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., UlnarSite of injuryNerve injuredFracture surgical neck humerusAxillary nerveFracture shaft humerusRadial nerveSupracondylar fractureMedian nerve (anterior interosseous branch)Medial epicondyle fractureUlnar nervePosterior dislocation of HIPSciatic nerveFibular neck fractureCommon peroneal nerve | 3 | Anterior interosseous | Median | Ulnar | Radial | Orthopaedics | Humerus Fractures | db17b5ea-bed2-466c-82f8-570204c9719f | single |
Hydroxyethyl starch is used as: | It is a blood volume expander used in treatment of hypovolemia; adjunct in leukapheresis to improve harvesting and increase the yield of granulocytes by centrifugation. Mechanism of Action: Produces plasma volume expansion by viue of its highly colloidal starch structure. Onset of action: Volume expansion: I.V.: Approximately 30 minutes. Contraindications: Renal failure with oliguria or anuria (not related to hypovolemia); any fluid overload condition (eg, pulmonary edema, congestive hea failure); pre-existing coagulation or bleeding disorders. Ref: Wang S. (2012). Chapter 116. Paracentesis. In G.V. Lawry, S.C. McKean, J. Matloff, J.J. Ross, D.D. Dressler, D.J. Brotman, J.S. Ginsberg (Eds), Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine. | 1 | Plasma expander | Inotropic agent | Vasodilator | Type of dextran | Pharmacology | null | 825ebdc8-7b2c-4302-81ab-385c2dfac29b | single |
In a study, dye ABC is used to measure cardiac output and blood volume. The dye is replaced with a new dye XYZ which diffuses more rapidly out of the capillaries. This would affect the study by | In estimation of cardiac output by the dye, the dye is injected through a vein and then blood is collected from the artery after a single cycle through the heart. So there is no diffusion out through the capillaries in between. Hence the cardiac output is unchanged in the given scenario. But the measured blood volume is affected because the measurement is done after it passes through the capillaries. | 1 | Normal cardiac output, altered blood volume | Altered cardiac output, normal blood volume estimation | Both altered | Both normal | Physiology | null | f17acfd6-c2ab-4e59-bcc0-42d0be2146fa | multi |
A 23-year-old male patient presents to the OPD with nausea, vomiting, & four episodes of loose stools. On history taking, he reveals to have consumed food from a restaurant 3 hours back. The most likely etiologic organism is | Staphylococcus causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea 2-6 hrs after consuming contaminated food (other organisms causing food poisoning within the same time period of 2-6 hrs is Bacillus cereus-Emetic strains). Enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus: It is a preformed toxin that is heat stable (Most of the other exotoxins are heat labile). Site of action: This toxin stimulates the vagus nerve and vomiting center of the brain and also stimulates the intestinal peristaltic activity. Most common type of enterotoxin: Type A. 1-6 hrs incubation period Staphylococcus aureus: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.source :Ham, poultry, potato, cream pastries, mayonnaise Bacillus cereus: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and source is Fried rice 8-16 hrs incubation period Clostridium perfringes Abdominal cramps, diarrhea and source:Beef, poultry, legume, gravies Bacillus cereus Abdominal cramps, diarrhea and source: Meats, vegetables, dried beans, cereals >16 hrs incubation period Vibrio cholerae Watery diarrhea Shellfish, and source:water Salmonella species Inflammatory diarrhea and source: Beef, poultry, eggs Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition | 1 | Staphylococcus aureus | Bacillus cereus | Salmonella | Vibrio cholerae | Microbiology | Bacteriology | e390c9ee-1682-4281-9a5d-69ef32c51592 | single |
Radiation dose monitoring in occupational personal is done by | ref : david sutton | 1 | TLD Badge | Linear accelerator | Collimators | Grid | Radiology | All India exam | 1c052be9-16b8-495a-9178-6de9eb1eea43 | single |
Drug that is mostly used to decrease the suicidal tendencies in Manic Bipolar Disorder | (B) Lithium # With Lithium treatment, patients have been shown to present a decreased risk of suicide (especially when treated with Lithium) and a reduction of frequency and severity of their episodes, which in turn moves them toward a stable life and reduces the time they spend ill.> In order to maintain their state of balance, therapy is often continued indefinitely, as around 50% of the patients who dis- continue it relapse quickly and experience either full-blown episodes or sub-syndromal symptoms that bring significant functional impairments.> There is a high rate of suicide among people with untreated bipolar disorder, and studies show that lithium treatment significantly reduces this risk.> Conversely, patients who discontinue lithium treatment are 20 times as likely to commit suicide during the first 6 months following discontinuation. | 2 | Fluoxetine | Lithium | Carbamazepine | Risperidone | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous | aa3866be-aee3-4351-b3fe-53b5fef45745 | single |
Horner's syndrome is characterized by all of the following except: | Cycloplegia is not a feature of Horner's syndrome. Ref:Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology: The Essentials By Frank Buon Walsh, Nancy J. Newman, William Fletcher Hoyt, Neil R. Miller, Valerie Biousse, John B. Kerrison, 2007, Page 304 | 4 | Miosis | Enopthalmos | Ptosis | Cycloplegia | Ophthalmology | null | 5dae295c-d438-4d18-a08b-0b9b61fc251d | multi |
All have high hepatic clearance EXCEPT | (D) Paracetamol HEPATIC CLEARANCE OF DRUGSLOWHepatic ClearanceINTERMEDIATEHepatic ClearanceHIGHHepatic Clearance* Carbamazepine* Caffeine* Lignocaine* Diazepam* Fluoxetine* Morphine* Ibuprofen* Midazolam* Pethidine* Phenytoin* Omeprazole* Propranolol* Warfarin* Paracetamol* Zidovudine> Low Hepatic Clearance does not mean that the drug is then cleared by the kidneys; it indicates that the capacity of the hepatic enzymes involved in the metabolism of the drug is low. | 4 | Labetalol | Simvastatin | Morphine | Paracetamol | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) | 2341e12f-b099-4ee7-88c5-bcf8633513c8 | multi |
Most common site for diveiculosis is? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sigmoid colon The sigmoid colon is the most common site of diveiculosis. | 1 | Sigmoid colon | Ascending colon | Transverse colon | Spleenic flexure | Pathology | null | 53bf2d60-6d9e-4ebc-bead-127208b84915 | single |
Green blue postmortem discoloration is seen in which poisoning - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hydrogen sulphide o Color of post-mortem staining in various poisoning:POISONCOLORCarbon mono-oxide and hypothermiaCherry redHCN, bumsBright redNitrites, potassium chlorate, potassium bicarbonateChocolate orNitrobenzene, acetanilide, bromates, aniline (causing methaemoglobinuria)Copper brownPhosphorousDark brown or yellowHydrogen sulphideBluish green | 4 | Cyanide | Carbon monoxide | Phosphorous | Hydrogen sulphide | Forensic Medicine | Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques | 8ef3db7a-6d2f-4ab3-949c-124841f2d408 | single |
Consent given by a person who is intoxicated with ethanol is invalid, this comes under | Refer the byte "Legal sections". | 3 | Sec 87 IPC | Sec 92 IPC | Sec 90 IPC | Sec 89 IPC | Forensic Medicine | null | 183875da-7b38-4723-a650-3dd8f50addb6 | single |
Anti-phospholipid Antibody syndrome is Characterized by all except | Central nervous system involvement is one of the most prominent clinical manifestations in APLAS. | 3 | Antibodies directed against phospholipid binding proteins. | Inhibition of syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. | Central nervous system involvement is least common. | High risk of placental infarction and early-onset pre-eclampsia. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 92d211cd-5177-41ba-b636-3ad6f1fff272 | multi |
Injury caused to the pedestrian in a vehicular accident due to his/her striking onto the object on road is known as - | Secondary injury is caused by person violently falling on ground (road) or on stationary object. | 2 | Primary injury | Secondary injury | Acceleration injury | Decceleration injury | Forensic Medicine | null | 902d2bec-86b6-411d-b2fb-c99b5174c6c8 | single |
Pseudorosettes are seen in | Microscopic pathological study in Retinoblastoma shows various patterns like Homer-wright Flexner wintersteiner Fleurettes Refer khurana 6/e | 1 | Retinoblastoma | Ophthalmia nodosa | Phacolytic glaucoma | Trachoma | Anatomy | General anatomy | 1ab5ff17-c5a4-4853-b0c9-2e89ceae29bb | single |
Patient died during surgery/under anesthesia, which among here applies for the surgeon? | 174 CrPC- Procedure for inquest in unnatural death 174 (3) CrPC- Inquest rights for deaths of a married woman within 7 years of her marriage either by suicide or under any other suspicious circumstances. 39 CrPC- Public should intimate the police in case of any crime. 176 CrPC- It gives the procedure of inquest by Magistrate into cause of death. | 2 | 174 (3) CrPC | 174 CrPC | 39 CrPC | 176 CrPC | Forensic Medicine | JIPMER 2018 | 241e47bb-1cc1-4a0f-af10-a9e7877ef2af | single |
Plateau phase of cardiac muscle is due to | Ca2+ influx through more slowly opening Ca2+ channels produces the plateau phase The initial depolarization is due to Na+ influx through rapidly opening Na+ channels Repolarization is due to net K+ efflux through multiple types of K+ channels Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No:491 | 3 | East Na + channel opening | Opeaning of Ca++Na+ channels | Opeaning of Slow Ca++ channels | Opeaning of K + channels | Physiology | Cardiovascular system | 03d5bd64-e292-4459-bc5a-afc2ff4be2df | single |
Nodes of Rouviere - | Retropharyngeal nodes are divided into medial and lateral groups.
Most superior node of the lateral group is called the node of Rouviere.
Also know
Krause's node :- Lymph nodes situated at the jugular foramen. | 1 | Retropharyngeal node | Parapharyngeal node | Adenoids | None | ENT | null | a94f0c07-e18d-4aef-9fa7-836031049954 | multi |
Dose of vitamin A during pregnancy - | During pregnancy recommended allowance of vitamin A is 800mcg . REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 616 | 2 | 600 mg | 800 mg | 950 mg | 350 mg | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health | 07514480-3862-415c-bf25-f3e783953b8e | single |
Basis of division of anatomical segments of liver are all, EXCEPT: | The proper hepatic aery, poal vein, and common hepatic duct enter/exit the liver at the poa hepatis as the 'poal triad'. The central branch first divides into two larger branches, functionally subdividing the liver into left pas and right pas. The poal triad continue to ramify within the liver, forming a total of eight segments that are more or less functionally independent of one another. Hepatic segments grouped by pas and divisions: Left pa of the liver 1. Posterior pa, Caudate lobe Segment (S1) 2. Left lateral division 1. Left posterolateral segment (S2) 2. Left anterolateral segment (S3) 3. Left medial division Left medial segment (S4); subdivided into subsegment (4a) and (4b) Right pa of the liver 1. Right medial division 1. Right anteromedial segment (S5) 2. Right posteromedial segment (S8) 2. Right lateral division 1. Right anterolateral segment (S6) 2. Right posterolateral segment (S7) | 2 | Hepatic aery | Hepatic vein | Poal vein | Bile duct | Anatomy | null | 1831bad5-97af-48bd-8840-f0e4d14f24dd | multi |
Which one of the following hepatitis viruses have significant perinatal transmission – | Features of Hepatitis viruses | 3 | Hepatitis E virus | Hepatitis C virus | Hepatitis B virus | Hepatitis A virus | Pediatrics | null | af02c5df-bc4f-4b5d-8476-96f85a788878 | single |
Yellow fluorescence on wood&;s lamp is seen in - | PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR:-Tinea versicolor.Macules with fine scaling.Causative organism: dimorphic fungi.genus Malassezia globosa and M.furfur. Clinical features:- Hypo/hyperpigmented macules with fine ,branny scales. The lesions may coalesce to involve large areas,forming map like structures. Scraping the surface will accentuate the scaling,known as scratch sign or coup d'ongle sign or Besnier sign. Sites involved-upper trunk( mainly). Also affect face and flexural areas. Investigation:- Wood's lamp examination - golden yellow flourescence. Scraping and direct microscopy after adding KOH will demonstrate presence of both yeast and hyphal forms.This appearance is called as "spaghetti and meatball" appearance. Tuberous sclerosis gives a bluish white flourescence with wood's lamp examination.The macules with their long axis longitudinally distributed on the limbs and transversly on the trunk are seen more on wood's lamp examination. Erythrasma- causative organism- corynebacterium minutissimum shows coral red flourescence due to production of coproporphyrin 3. Pseudomonas:Contains pigments pyoverdin or fluorescein giving green flourescence. {Reference: IADVL textbook of dermatology, page 109. | 3 | Tuberous sclerosis | Pseudomonas infection | Tinea versicolor | Erythrasma | Dental | miscellaneous | 0062094b-0ad3-4f89-b506-8fad48b8e9d8 | single |
A 3-year-old girl has normal developmental milestones except the delay in speech. She has difficulty in concentration, communication and relating to others and does not make friends but plays with herself. Likely diagnosis is | Autism Absent social smile Lack of eye to eye contact Lack of awareness of others existence or feelings and treats people as furniture Lack of attachment to parents and absence of separation anxiety No or abnormal social play prefers solitary games Marked impairment in making friends Absence of fear in presence of danger (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 164) | 2 | ADHD | Autism | Specific learning disorder | Mental retardation | Psychiatry | Child psychiatry | 60566198-b289-4c99-a6e8-e44d12f1512b | multi |
HMB 45 is tumor marker for - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Malignant melanoma Markers for melnnonaS-100 - 90% of tumors are positiveHMB-45 - More specific but less sensitive than S-100TA-90Important markersTumoro S-100. HMB-45o TA-90o NMP-22MelanomaMelanoma, colon & breast ca.Urinary bladder ca.Neuroendocrine tumors (small cell ca of lung, carcinoid tumor & neuroblastoma)Ovarian Ca.Ovarian, pancreatic & gastric Ca.Pancreatic & colorectal CaEpithelial ovarian tumorBreast Cancer.o Neuron Specific enalaseoChromouraninAo Lipid associated Sialic acid (LASA-P)o CA 72-4o CA 19-9o CA 125o CA 27.29 &CA 15-3 | 1 | Malignant melanoma | Mesothelioma | Bronchogenic carcinoma | Pancreatic carcinoma | Unknown | null | 7863770a-d822-46da-a63d-99008d54c6c8 | single |
Distichiasis is- | *Distichiasis i.e. an abnormal extra row of cilia taking place of meibomian glands. Ref: Khurana ophthalmology 7th/e p.386 | 2 | Abnormal inversion of eyelashes | Abnormal extra row of cilia | Abnormal eversion of eyelashes | Misdirected cilia | Ophthalmology | Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus | 1d46fb0d-5dde-494f-a837-07bc9634c0d3 | single |
A newborn baby presents with absent anal orifice and meconuria. What is the most appropriate management: | The presence of meconium in urine reflects some form of communication between the urinary tract and rectum, and suggests a high type of anorectal malformation. Such patients require a diveing colostomy. The colostomy decompresses the bowel and provides protection during the healing of subsequent repair. Posterior Saggital Anorectoplasty (PSARP) is performed after 4-8 weeks. The presence of meconium in urine and a flat bottom are considered indications of a protective colostomy. | 1 | Transverse colostomy | Conservative management | Posterior saggital anorectoplasty | Perineal V-Y plasty | Surgery | Pediatric Surgery | 581c6beb-e42f-4d2c-b1cd-ba060733e953 | single |
Incidence of choriocarcinoma is seen more after: | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Spontaneous abortion * Among all the cases of choriocarcinoma:# 50% develop following a hydatidiform mole#' 25% develop following an abortion# 20% develop following a full-term pregnancy and 5% develop following an ectopic pregnancy* As vesicular mole is not in the options, abortion is the answer. | 2 | Ectopic pregnancy | Spontaneous abortion | Normal delivery | Cesarean section | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) | 86f9366c-c8ec-4db7-941e-2039bb0fcc42 | single |
BISAP score is used for to assess severity of | null | 1 | Pancreatitis | Pancreatic absess | Pseudocyst of pancreas | Pseudocyst of pancreas | Surgery | null | 7ed96f96-dac3-4ca1-859d-a876eaffc917 | single |
On mammogram, all of the following are the features of a malignant tumor except: | Ans. C...MACROCALCIFICATION is seen in fibroadenomaAlso know Distinguishing features between benign and malignant lesions on mammogram Benign Malignant Opacity Smooth margin Ill defined margin, Irregular stellate, spiculated margin, comet tail Low density High density Homogeneous In homogeneous Thin halo wide halo Calcification Macrocalcification (> 5mm in diameter) Microcalcification (< 5 mm in diameter) Breast Parenchyma Normal Architectural distortion Nipple/areola +- Retracted +- Retracted Skin Normal thickened Cooper ligaments Normal thickened, increase number Ducts Normal focal dilatation Subcutaneous retro mammary space Normal obliterated Calcifications are the most common finding on mammogram. Most of these are benign calcification. * The calcification patterns which are associated with high probability of malignancy are: Clustered pleomorphic heterogenous microcalcifications these are small, usually less than 0.5 mm in diameter vary in size, shape and density often termed granular calcifications. Fine linear or fine branching calcifications these calcifications are often seen in comedocarcinoma * Architectural distortion the structures of the breast are normally directed towards the nipple. Disturbances in this normal orientation of tissue towards the nipple, especially the tethering or pulling in of structures to a point away from the nipple, is termed architectural distortion. architectural distortion is highly suspicious for breast carcinoma, although benign conditions such as radial scar, surgical scar, fat necrosis can have this appearance. | 3 | Spiculation | Microcalcification | Macrocalcification | Irregular mass | Unknown | null | b75da2fa-d419-4749-babc-0aac63715d22 | multi |
Dexmedetomidine is | Dexmedetomidine is alpha 2 agonist, more sensitive than clonidine. It is used to produce conscious sedation. | 2 | Selective alpha 2 blocker | Agent of choice for conscious sedation | Less sensitive to alpha 2 receptors than clonidine | Good analgesic | Anaesthesia | null | 79e99245-a83c-4586-ad85-9503956afc34 | single |
All of the following are features of MEN IIa, except-a) Pituitary tumorb) Pheochromocytomac) Medullary carcinoma thyroidd) Neuromas | null | 1 | ad | c | ac | ab | Medicine | null | 560ed87b-8128-4ed4-a031-e7ab811481a5 | multi |
Which does not contribute to Enterobillary Fistula - | null | 3 | Duodenal ulcer | Gall stones | Gastric ulcer | Carcinoma gall bladder | Surgery | null | 09d524db-de46-4afc-97c7-b155d1a2b052 | multi |
Shoest acting non benzodiazepine sedative is: | Amongst the three Z drugs, zaleplon has the shoest half life of one hours, half life of zolpidem is 2.4 hours whereas that zopiclone is 5 hours. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine | 2 | Zolpidem | Zaleplon | Zopiclone | Midazolam | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous | f1483896-9b92-44b4-99f5-111c175feffe | single |
A 4-year-old male child presents with muscles weakness. His mother tells that her child has difficulty in climbing stairs and getting up from the floor. On muscle biopsy, small muscle fibrils and absent of dystrophic was found. What is the diagnosis out of given option? | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Progressive weakness Calf muscle involvement Pseudo hyperophy Difficulty in climbing stairs Gowersign present (+) Wheel chair bound Patient Death - CHF/ Pneumonia CPK MM: Increased IOC: - PCR for dystrophin gene (Dystrophin gene absent) Rx: - Chest Physiotherapy NOTE:Immunohistochemical studies for dystrophin show Absence of the normal sarcolemma staining pattern in Duchenne muscular dystrophin Reduced staining in Becker muscular dystrophy. | 2 | Beck's muscle dystrophy | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | Myotonic dystrophy | Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy | Medicine | NEET Jan 2020 | a006d753-e819-4876-8108-217d0450d732 | multi |
Which of the following is a Mortality Indicator? | Ans. (a) Life Expectancy* Life Expectancy is a 'Positive mortality indicator'ALSO REMEMBER* DALY is a type of disability rate* Bed turn-over ratio is a type of heath care utilization rate | 1 | Life Expectancy | Notification Rate | DALY | Bed turn-over ratio | Social & Preventive Medicine | Indicators of Health | 9703cb3f-62b5-47b2-8674-eae8439f4231 | single |
In oral poisoning with carbamate insecticide_______ may be hazardous | Refer kDT 7/e p 111 Oximes are in effective in carbamate poisoning. Rathre, this can worsen the poisoning due to weak anticholinesterase activity by its own | 1 | Pralidoxime | Atropine | Magnesium sulfate purgative | Gastric lavage with activated charcoal | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | 6a33a749-4f99-455d-8bd3-7aafbcdd3dec | single |
need for thinness inspite of being lean is a feuture of | Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a eating disorder where the patient has decreased weight and altered body image and persistent desire to maintain thinness * Gender==== more common in females * Age=======adolescence * Comorbidity=== depression and social phobia * Duration====3 months * Criteria= * Intense fear of becoming fat * Restriction of food intake * Restricting type * Binge eating and purging type * Amenorrhea is not needed for diagnosis, previously amenorrhea is considered as a diagnostic criteria for diagnosis, in recent DSM 5 amenorrhea is considered for a diagnosis * Association= * OCD and depression * Decreased interest in sex * Complication * 7-14% moality * ECG changes * Hypokalemic alkalosis because of induced vomiting * Gastric dilation * Drugs * Cypro hepatidine * SSRI * Management * Admit in severe cases * Prevent vomiting by making restroom inaccessible for 2 hours after food intake * Avoid laxatives * Small frequent meals * Avoid refeeding syndrome Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 509 | 1 | anorexia nervosa | bulimia nervosa | metabolic syndrome | binge eating | Anatomy | Sleep disorders and eating disorders | 665f972a-3ede-4202-b7e4-c56cf9604f8b | single |
Point shource epidemic is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Short term fluctuation * Point source (single exposure) epidemic is short term fluctuation.* There are three kinds of time trends or fluctuations in disease occurenceA. Short term fluctuations - epidemics.B. Secular trends or long term fluctuations.C. Periodic fluctuation. | 1 | Short term fluctuation | Periodic fluctuation | Long term fluctuation | Secular trend | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology | 512983d1-1ded-4985-ba72-98855f97996e | single |
The length of distal convoluted tubule is ? | B i.e., 5 mm | 2 | 2 mm | 5 mm | 8 mm | 12 mm | Physiology | null | c84acafe-d506-4852-8c7c-236473e2344f | single |
Which of the following is not a cause of features of primary hyperaldosteronism? | Chronic CCF will lead to low GFR. The subsequent activation of RAAS will lead to increased renin and secondary aldosteronism. Causes of primary hyperaldosteronism : Conn syndrome (adrenal adenoma): 60% Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (Micronodular): 60% Cushing syndrome Syndrome of apparent mineralocoicoid excess Adrenocoical carcinoma Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 4 | Cushing syndrome | Adrenal adenoma | Adrenal hyperplasia | Chronic CCF | Medicine | Cushing Syndrome | 8a49d043-fe46-4f3b-8c74-002e67778573 | single |
Not affected in multiple myeloma - | Types of monoclonal protein in multiple myeloma include IgG,(55%),IgA(21%), light chain only(22%), others(D,E,non-secretory about 2%).Reference :Davidson's principles & practice of medicine 22nd edition pg no 1046. | 3 | IgG | IgA | IgM | IgD | Medicine | Haematology | c4cb5c3a-1c87-4595-b67f-3e2239c5907f | single |
Whispering produces a sound of: | Sound levels of some noises: Whisper: 20-30db Normal conversation 60-70db Mechanical damage; 150-160db Acceptable noise levels: expressed in db (A), sound pressure levels conforming to weighing curve (A) acceptable noise level < 85dbAuditory fatigue > 90 dbPermanent hearing loss > 100 dbTympanic membrane damage > 160 db. Environment Place Acceptable noise level Db (A) Residential Bed room 25 Living room 40 Commercial Office 30-45 Conference 40-45 Restaurants 40-60 Industries Workshop 40-60 Laboratory 40-50 Education Class room 30-40 Library 35-40 Hospitals Wards 20-35 | 1 | 20-30db | 30-40db | 40-50db | 50-60db | Social & Preventive Medicine | Air, Light, Sound, Housing, Radiation, Waste Disposal | 82f6faef-3385-4eef-9ac5-0d2a9f593519 | single |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.