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{ "text": [ "2-6 d" ], "answer_start": [ 5443 ] }

{ "text": [ "would tend to induce an earlier innate response that would render it more likely that the virus would be quickly cleared or rendered less competent in its replication" ], "answer_start": [ 8136 ] }

{ "text": [ "intrinsic augmentation of immunity induced by the vector." ], "answer_start": [ 43357 ] }

{ "text": [ "Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs)" ], "answer_start": [ 4624 ] }

{ "text": [ "April" ], "answer_start": [ 2971 ] }

{ "text": [ "using a recombinant lentivirus expressing MERS-CoV spike protein and luciferase" ], "answer_start": [ 17808 ] }

{ "text": [ "these factors are not released to any great extent and do not activate an ILC2 response during viral infection in healthy individuals (Yan et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2018a) ; despite augmenting a type 2 exacerbation in chronically inflamed airways (Jurak et al., 2018) . These classical mechanisms of viral induced acute exacerbations are summarized in Figure 1" ], "answer_start": [ 13763 ] }

{ "text": [ "is much higher than that known for the HCoVs NL63, HKU1, 229E or OC43" ], "answer_start": [ 29785 ] }

{ "text": [ "drug-resistance and frequent antigenic mutation" ], "answer_start": [ 2472 ] }

{ "text": [ "High copy numbers of CCL3L1, a potent HIV-1 suppressive ligand for CCR5, are associated with higher chemokine production and lower risk of MTCT of HIV-1 among South African infants" ], "answer_start": [ 28143 ] }

{ "text": [ "infiltration of activated immune cells that further release inflammatory mediators that cause acute symptoms such as increased mucus production, cough, wheeze and shortness of breath." ], "answer_start": [ 3739 ] }

{ "text": [ "CXRs revealed multiple bilateral lobar or segment consolidation in the lungs of all five patients, and radiographic lesions progressed rapidly after ICU admission" ], "answer_start": [ 9825 ] }

{ "text": [ "due to new infections among naïve DC populations" ], "answer_start": [ 42006 ] }

{ "text": [ "strategies for at-risk populations, particularly those at either end of the age spectrum" ], "answer_start": [ 41899 ] }

{ "text": [ "21 %" ], "answer_start": [ 49531 ] }

{ "text": [ "state of constant oxidative stress" ], "answer_start": [ 32365 ] }

{ "text": [ "using Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) expressing the HA of PR8 under control of the CAG promoter (AcCAG-HA)" ], "answer_start": [ 20353 ] }

{ "text": [ "As members of the parvovirus family, AAVs are small non-enveloped viruses that are stable and amenable to long-term storage without a cold chain." ], "answer_start": [ 14354 ] }

{ "text": [ "k had resulted in 2066 (618 of them are in Wuhan) confirmed cases and 56 (45 of them were in Wuhan) deaths in" ], "answer_start": [ 2405 ] }

{ "text": [ "through large respiratory droplets," ], "answer_start": [ 5617 ] }

{ "text": [ "59,000 deaths" ], "answer_start": [ 3819 ] }

{ "text": [ "single-strand RNA filoviruses" ], "answer_start": [ 2270 ] }

{ "text": [ "its clinical features and pathogenesis and its symptoms and complications, and finally nominates a possible vaccine approach against CHIKV infection." ], "answer_start": [ 3049 ] }

{ "text": [ "etiologic agent, Hantaan virus" ], "answer_start": [ 4256 ] }

{ "text": [ "Ty21a for typhoid fever in humans, several Salmonella serovars against salmonellosis in chickens and other animals" ], "answer_start": [ 3507 ] }

{ "text": [ "3,169" ], "answer_start": [ 4765 ] }

{ "text": [ "low immunogenicity" ], "answer_start": [ 3384 ] }

{ "text": [ "17V079" ], "answer_start": [ 14012 ] }

{ "text": [ "nasal swabs collected by sentinel GPs from ILI patients in 2011 and 2012." ], "answer_start": [ 666 ] }

{ "text": [ "Global alignment of case definitions" ], "answer_start": [ 67480 ] }

{ "text": [ "prophylactic and therapeutic agent" ], "answer_start": [ 1134 ] }

{ "text": [ "M13 phage loaded with doxorubicin and displaying a targeting peptide on pIII" ], "answer_start": [ 28758 ] }

{ "text": [ "seropositive and RNA or virus negative" ], "answer_start": [ 38835 ] }

{ "text": [ "its ability to induce cross-reactive immune responses against the three distinct phylogenetic groups of CHIKV. Also DNA-based vaccines can be produced more rapidly than protein-based vaccines." ], "answer_start": [ 20667 ] }

{ "text": [ "intestine epithelial cells" ], "answer_start": [ 2375 ] }

{ "text": [ "ANDV or the related Maporal virus from Venezuela, for which an HCPS-mimetic disease is observed" ], "answer_start": [ 20140 ] }

{ "text": [ "close spacing of interventions in time" ], "answer_start": [ 16248 ] }

{ "text": [ "Peyer's patches (PPs), isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and scatter throughout the subepithelial lamina propria (LP) of the small intestine and colon" ], "answer_start": [ 5040 ] }

{ "text": [ "Although the likelihood of coinfection of 2019-nCoV and another respiratory virus is thought to be low, a positive finding of another respiratory pathogen does not exclude the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV" ], "answer_start": [ 14067 ] }

{ "text": [ "Another mRNA under post-transcriptional regulation by Regnase-1 and Roquin" ], "answer_start": [ 5011 ] }

{ "text": [ "Gram positive bacteria" ], "answer_start": [ 5150 ] }

{ "text": [ "for their role as reservoir hosts for emerging viral zoonoses, including rabies and related lyssaviruses, Hendra and Nipah henipaviruses, Ebola and Marburg filoviruses, and SARS coronavirus" ], "answer_start": [ 1588 ] }

{ "text": [ "fit a counterfactual model without the interventions\nand compare this to the actual model" ], "answer_start": [ 23274 ] }

{ "text": [ "Over three quarters of" ], "answer_start": [ 25434 ] }

{ "text": [ "Ca 2+ -permeable" ], "answer_start": [ 5694 ] }

{ "text": [ "≤14 years old" ], "answer_start": [ 4472 ] }

{ "text": [ "common cold, pharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis, laryngotracheitis, epiglottitis" ], "answer_start": [ 2282 ] }

{ "text": [ "Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)" ], "answer_start": [ 20524 ] }

{ "text": [ "22.1" ], "answer_start": [ 12601 ] }

{ "text": [ "an innovative combination of in vitro experimentation and within-host modeling to explore the impact of unique bat immunity on virus dynamics." ], "answer_start": [ 31638 ] }

{ "text": [ "31 December" ], "answer_start": [ 1268 ] }

{ "text": [ "a high molecular weight sulfated polymer derived from red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) that has been extensively used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and is generally recognized as safe by the FDA" ], "answer_start": [ 4955 ] }

{ "text": [ "the long duration and the highly specialized skills required of the technicians to process the samples." ], "answer_start": [ 18142 ] }

{ "text": [ "MERS kills its human host more often than SARS did (20-40 % versus 9 % for SARS" ], "answer_start": [ 5174 ] }

{ "text": [ "will enable the tapping of useful new biological functions and processes, methods for controlling infection, and the deployment of symbiotic or subclinical viruses in new therapies and biotechnologies that are so crucially needed." ], "answer_start": [ 3429 ] }

{ "text": [ "RSV" ], "answer_start": [ 10296 ] }

{ "text": [ "Constant evolution of circulating influenza virus strains and the emergence of new strains" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }

{ "text": [ "1250 to 1750" ], "answer_start": [ 4236 ] }

{ "text": [ "during winter and early spring months" ], "answer_start": [ 2759 ] }

{ "text": [ "mitochondria, chloroplasts, Rickettsia" ], "answer_start": [ 1444 ] }

{ "text": [ "it promotes cytokine production, the induction of cell surface co-stimulatory molecules, and facilitates the cross-presentation of antigen by these cells" ], "answer_start": [ 4774 ] }

{ "text": [ "Changes in biotic and abiotic conditions" ], "answer_start": [ 1753 ] }

{ "text": [ "are more neutrophilic in nature due to the expression of neutrophil chemoattractants such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 (Cukic et al., 2012; Brightling and Greening, 2019) . The pathology of these airway diseases is characterized by airway remodeling due to the presence of remodeling factors such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) released from infiltrating neutrophils (Linden et al., 2019) . Viral infections in such conditions will then cause increase neutrophilic activation; worsening the symptoms and airway remodeling in the airway thereby exacerbating COPD, CRSsNP and even CRSwNP in certain cases" ], "answer_start": [ 11594 ] }

{ "text": [ "a pneumococcal pore-forming toxin" ], "answer_start": [ 24175 ] }

{ "text": [ "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection caused pneumonia." ], "answer_start": [ 563 ] }

{ "text": [ "glycoproteins E1 and E2" ], "answer_start": [ 7362 ] }

{ "text": [ "the self-replicating nature of the RNA. Despite the partial viral genome, the RNAs are self-replicating and can express transgenes at very high levels" ], "answer_start": [ 16918 ] }

{ "text": [ "by poor infection control in health care settings" ], "answer_start": [ 66173 ] }

{ "text": [ "patients with underlying medical conditions and the elderly" ], "answer_start": [ 7166 ] }

{ "text": [ "confers a higher level of resistance than the one achieved by the RAS alone" ], "answer_start": [ 11896 ] }

{ "text": [ "Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }

{ "text": [ "9.8% [3.2%-25%] of the population" ], "answer_start": [ 12476 ] }

{ "text": [ "an estimated 7.3 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 6383 ] }

{ "text": [ "is a non-enveloped virus which is relatively stable and can be formulated for long-term storage at 4 °C, or even storage up to six months at room temperature" ], "answer_start": [ 8447 ] }

{ "text": [ "a recombinant filamentous phage displaying a single polypeptide sequence on its surface (or more rarely, bispecific display achieved via fusion of polypeptides to two different capsid proteins)" ], "answer_start": [ 8550 ] }

{ "text": [ "Safety is a major concern, as even a low level of toxicity is unacceptable" ], "answer_start": [ 8198 ] }

{ "text": [ "In a mouse model of SARS-CoV infection, the type I IFN response is delayed" ], "answer_start": [ 6297 ] }

{ "text": [ "children under 6 months of age" ], "answer_start": [ 3234 ] }

{ "text": [ "by confirmatory IFA and/ or a plaque-reduction neutralization (PRNT) [69, 70, 85] or MNT test." ], "answer_start": [ 20337 ] }

{ "text": [ "a significant reduction of the influenza viral load in nasal fluids and a significant increase in the number of virus free patients within the treatment period of 7 days" ], "answer_start": [ 6556 ] }

{ "text": [ "cough, rhinitis, fever" ], "answer_start": [ 2986 ] }

{ "text": [ "severe lung pathology" ], "answer_start": [ 2395 ] }

{ "text": [ "haemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA)" ], "answer_start": [ 12737 ] }

{ "text": [ "reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction" ], "answer_start": [ 1445 ] }

{ "text": [ "677,243 people have been identified as having had close contact with\ninfected patients of whom13,701" ], "answer_start": [ 4931 ] }

{ "text": [ "pneumonia" ], "answer_start": [ 8621 ] }

{ "text": [ "among men vs women: 2.0 [0-6.0] vs 4.0 [1.0-7.0]; P < .001" ], "answer_start": [ 2530 ] }

{ "text": [ "catalytically active members, enzymatically active ribozymes. The sequence space for 220-mer RNAs is about 3 × 10 132 (" ], "answer_start": [ 2682 ] }

{ "text": [ "to have occurred during the first ha" ], "answer_start": [ 1865 ] }

{ "text": [ "ATP1A1 and PHB" ], "answer_start": [ 34103 ] }

{ "text": [ "multilocus polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry" ], "answer_start": [ 4633 ] }

{ "text": [ "one was reported to be obese and one had pre-existing cardiac disease. No data on clinical signs e.g. dyspnea etc. were reported for any of the 38 cases." ], "answer_start": [ 7931 ] }

{ "text": [ "initial reproduction number before interventions and the effect sizes from\ninterventions" ], "answer_start": [ 33246 ] }

{ "text": [ "the pulmonary bed and lymphoid organs" ], "answer_start": [ 16823 ] }

{ "text": [ "95% to 97%" ], "answer_start": [ 9615 ] }

{ "text": [ "MERS-CoV infects males more than females" ], "answer_start": [ 2869 ] }

{ "text": [ "Total deaths were estimated at\nz50 million (577) and were arguably as high as 100 mil-\nlion" ], "answer_start": [ 1284 ] }

{ "text": [ "cannot reliably represent effects originating from stochasticity, from effects in small populations, or from heterogeneities" ], "answer_start": [ 10476 ] }

{ "text": [ "PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library" ], "answer_start": [ 4516 ] }

{ "text": [ "Bacteria such as E. coli and lactic acid bacteria" ], "answer_start": [ 2079 ] }