Datasets:

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longluu

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covid-qa-split

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{ "text": [ "6.02 h" ], "answer_start": [ 8658 ] }

{ "text": [ "theoretically reduce the exposure of the heterologous antigen to the immune system, as the vector is rapidly cleared." ], "answer_start": [ 9682 ] }

{ "text": [ "The vectors can accommodate large gene insertions, show limited cytopathic effect in mammalian cells, and have been shown to infect and express genes of interest in a spectrum of mammalian cells" ], "answer_start": [ 19909 ] }

{ "text": [ "specific bacterial species in the microbiome which may thrive in the inflamed airway environment" ], "answer_start": [ 23338 ] }

{ "text": [ "immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus 5 (rAd5) expressing the HA of a swine influenza virus, A/Swine/Iowa/1999 (H3N2)" ], "answer_start": [ 9465 ] }

{ "text": [ "a cardiopulmonary compromise, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS)" ], "answer_start": [ 907 ] }

{ "text": [ "at least 10" ], "answer_start": [ 3858 ] }

{ "text": [ "to understand the\nextent and dynamic evolution of lung lesions induced by COVID-19" ], "answer_start": [ 24384 ] }

{ "text": [ "two potential drugs, CQ appears to be the drug of choice for large-scale use due to its availability, proven safety record, and a relatively low cost." ], "answer_start": [ 1897 ] }

{ "text": [ "the retroperitoneum and, in general, the kidney" ], "answer_start": [ 16895 ] }

{ "text": [ "he nasal epithelium remains the primary site of most infections." ], "answer_start": [ 15786 ] }

{ "text": [ "CQ and HCQ are weak bases that are known to elevate the pH of acidic intracellular organelles" ], "answer_start": [ 6327 ] }

{ "text": [ "The most frequently reported viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses A and B (IAV, IBV), parainfluenza viruses (PIVs), human rhinovirus (HRV) and adenovirus (ADV)," ], "answer_start": [ 2534 ] }

{ "text": [ "In a large-scale clinical trial (STEP) of an Ad serotype 5 (AdHu5)-based HIV-1 vaccine, the vaccines showed a lack of efficacy and tended to increase the risk of HIV-1 infection in vaccine recipients who had pre-existing neutralizing antibodies to AdHu5 (" ], "answer_start": [ 22400 ] }

{ "text": [ "their native carrier rodents, the bank vole Myodes glareolus and the deer mouse P. maniculatus" ], "answer_start": [ 20004 ] }

{ "text": [ "reduced N's accumulation in the Golgi" ], "answer_start": [ 14136 ] }

{ "text": [ "growth of pathogenic bacteria that may replace the airway microbiome." ], "answer_start": [ 26478 ] }

{ "text": [ "The mean number of days to hospitalisation was 2.5 days for cases imported from China, but 4.6 days for those infected in Europe." ], "answer_start": [ 6596 ] }

{ "text": [ "MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV." ], "answer_start": [ 4280 ] }

{ "text": [ "the consistent presence of three RNA genomes that are circularized in vivo as a result of the presence of terminal complementary nucleotides that help fold the genome into a -hairpin‖ morphology," ], "answer_start": [ 4817 ] }

{ "text": [ "the ancient lineage of nucleocytosolic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs)" ], "answer_start": [ 7596 ] }

{ "text": [ "sensitive, validated reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR)-based diagnostics were quickly described" ], "answer_start": [ 4612 ] }

{ "text": [ "RNA methylation machinery" ], "answer_start": [ 4453 ] }

{ "text": [ "describe GE and RTI outbreaks with infection and all-cause lethality rates according to the individual characteristics of nursing home residents" ], "answer_start": [ 697 ] }

{ "text": [ "9-month" ], "answer_start": [ 11268 ] }

{ "text": [ "This pathogen was fully characterized by whole-genome sequencing" ], "answer_start": [ 3601 ] }

{ "text": [ "that the constitutive IFN-a expression characteristic of P. alecto cells may represent more of a constitutive immune priming process than a perpetual, functional, antiviral defense." ], "answer_start": [ 35005 ] }

{ "text": [ "in an urban cycle whereby the mosquito spreads the disease from an infected human to an uninfected human, following an epidemiological pattern similar to dengue fever" ], "answer_start": [ 2231 ] }

{ "text": [ "3" ], "answer_start": [ 9947 ] }

{ "text": [ "the identification of peptide ligands by receptors, the mapping of substrate sites for enzymes, and the creation of antibody peptide libraries" ], "answer_start": [ 15729 ] }

{ "text": [ "While the insect promoters are not effective for mammalian gene expression, appropriate promoters can be cloned into the baculovirus vaccine vectors." ], "answer_start": [ 20111 ] }

{ "text": [ "that microtubular transport is indeed utilized for the New World hantavirus SNV" ], "answer_start": [ 14426 ] }

{ "text": [ "confronted by the selection pressures of population immu-\nnity, these pandemic Viruses begin to drift genetically and\neventually settle into a pattern of annual epidemic recur-\nrences caused by the drifted Virus variants." ], "answer_start": [ 9458 ] }

{ "text": [ "twice" ], "answer_start": [ 2661 ] }

{ "text": [ "The trial conducted in the United States in 2017 demonstrated SAB-301 to be safe and well-tolerated at single doses." ], "answer_start": [ 16227 ] }

{ "text": [ "low or in the normal range" ], "answer_start": [ 9441 ] }

{ "text": [ "not applicable" ], "answer_start": [ 15881 ] }

{ "text": [ "26" ], "answer_start": [ 1536 ] }

{ "text": [ "HCQ is a safe and successful anti-inflammatory agent" ], "answer_start": [ 11799 ] }

{ "text": [ "the gene sequences of an Envelope protein (E1), are Asian, East/Central/ South African, and West African" ], "answer_start": [ 3303 ] }

{ "text": [ "Vaccination" ], "answer_start": [ 1892 ] }

{ "text": [ "exponential growth pattern" ], "answer_start": [ 1435 ] }

{ "text": [ "dynein-mediated transport" ], "answer_start": [ 14110 ] }

{ "text": [ "Uukuniemi phlebovirus" ], "answer_start": [ 5038 ] }

{ "text": [ "There is no evidence that MERS-CoV is a virus of pandemic concern" ], "answer_start": [ 69043 ] }

{ "text": [ "Adenovirus vaccines can also be delivered via multiple routes, including intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, oral delivery using a protective capsule, and by intranasal delivery." ], "answer_start": [ 8809 ] }

{ "text": [ "HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E" ], "answer_start": [ 1517 ] }

{ "text": [ "X-ray crystallography" ], "answer_start": [ 3208 ] }

{ "text": [ "the microbe occurs in no other disease as a fortuitous and nonpathogenic parasite" ], "answer_start": [ 15337 ] }

{ "text": [ "ranged from 7 % among younger age groups to 40 % among those aged 60 years and above" ], "answer_start": [ 8955 ] }

{ "text": [ "arenaviruses and dengue viruses" ], "answer_start": [ 2755 ] }

{ "text": [ "fibroblasts" ], "answer_start": [ 6535 ] }

{ "text": [ ", the C i series, as an exponential growin" ], "answer_start": [ 5150 ] }

{ "text": [ "Lipinski's ''Rule of five''" ], "answer_start": [ 6881 ] }

{ "text": [ "greater than 1,100 nt" ], "answer_start": [ 1639 ] }

{ "text": [ "recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways." ], "answer_start": [ 1078 ] }

{ "text": [ "viral loads are also higher for severe cases and have longer viral shedding compared to mild cases" ], "answer_start": [ 19400 ] }

{ "text": [ "with outbreaks in hospitals, with around 20 % of all cases to date involving healthcare workers (HCWs)." ], "answer_start": [ 5647 ] }

{ "text": [ "the group that includes the closest genome sequences of bat SARS-related-CoV ZXC21 and ZC45." ], "answer_start": [ 12654 ] }

{ "text": [ "plasma viral RNA with" ], "answer_start": [ 15425 ] }

{ "text": [ "the effect of episodic exacerbations of the disease, defined as worsening of disease symptoms including wheeze, cough, breathlessness and chest tightness" ], "answer_start": [ 2727 ] }

{ "text": [ "the ability to seamlessly connect genetic information with protein function for a large number of protein variants simultaneously, and has been widely and productively exploited in studies of proteinprotein interactions" ], "answer_start": [ 3755 ] }

{ "text": [ "Prime-boost strategies, using DNA or protein immunization in conjunction with an adenovirus vaccine booster immunization" ], "answer_start": [ 13372 ] }

{ "text": [ "the 3 integrin chain and decay accelerating factor, or DAF" ], "answer_start": [ 6200 ] }

{ "text": [ "the use of vectors derived from nonhuman sources, using human viruses of rare serotypes (Kahl et al., 2010; Lasaro & Ertl, 2009) , heterologous prime-boost approaches (Liu et al., 2008) , homologous reimmunization (Steffensen et al., 2012) and removing key neutralizing epitopes on the surface of viral capsid proteins (Gabitzsch & Jones, 2011; Roberts et al., 2006)" ], "answer_start": [ 23489 ] }

{ "text": [ "a vectored influenza virus vaccine that expresses the HA, NA and M and/or NP proteins for the two currently circulating influenza A subtypes and both influenza B strains so that vaccine take and vaccine antigen levels are not an issue in inducing protective immunity" ], "answer_start": [ 42055 ] }

{ "text": [ "a lowincome or middle-income country" ], "answer_start": [ 3064 ] }

{ "text": [ "persistent infections" ], "answer_start": [ 810 ] }

{ "text": [ "72 hours post infection" ], "answer_start": [ 1719 ] }

{ "text": [ "signaling molecules" ], "answer_start": [ 7048 ] }

{ "text": [ "The absence of a logical targeted pattern in the new viral sequences and a close relative in a wildlife species (bat" ], "answer_start": [ 1945 ] }

{ "text": [ "susceptible persons is S, infected (persons who are sick and spread the infection) -I, removed (persons who do not spread the infection anymore, this number is the sum of isolated, recovered and dead people) -R; the infection and immunization rates" ], "answer_start": [ 3813 ] }

{ "text": [ "the incorporation of an adjuvant" ], "answer_start": [ 36894 ] }

{ "text": [ "1-5 μm" ], "answer_start": [ 7557 ] }

{ "text": [ "via a common sanitary pipe" ], "answer_start": [ 19969 ] }

{ "text": [ "Influenza also performs fusion through the stem region of the hemagglutinin protein, and the identification of B cells that target this relatively conserved site has spurred research on the development of a universal influenza vaccine (" ], "answer_start": [ 4315 ] }

{ "text": [ "RV, RSV, and IFV" ], "answer_start": [ 26947 ] }

{ "text": [ "nasopharyngeal aspirates" ], "answer_start": [ 25728 ] }

{ "text": [ "maximum tolerated size of the fused polypeptide, its copy number on the phage, and potentially, the structure of the displayed polypeptide" ], "answer_start": [ 5611 ] }

{ "text": [ "8-30%" ], "answer_start": [ 11515 ] }

{ "text": [ "An estimated one third of the world’s population (or\nz500 million persons) were infected and had clinical-\nly apparent illnesses" ], "answer_start": [ 985 ] }

{ "text": [ "we found that severe HAdV-55 infection could cause a rapid progression of respiratory failure, with a very high failure rate for NPPV and IMV" ], "answer_start": [ 16491 ] }

{ "text": [ "due to six coding genetic mutations associated with mouse adaptation." ], "answer_start": [ 3229 ] }

{ "text": [ "We do not have a universal vaccine to prevent all influenza virus infections, but we can make effective vaccines to a specific influenza virus strain in a short time." ], "answer_start": [ 3790 ] }

{ "text": [ "to lapses in infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare settings" ], "answer_start": [ 1932 ] }

{ "text": [ "phase 6" ], "answer_start": [ 2938 ] }

{ "text": [ "the rights to dignity and to fully participate in decisions related to assistance in humanitarian crises." ], "answer_start": [ 3888 ] }

{ "text": [ "MAPK phosphatase-1" ], "answer_start": [ 861 ] }

{ "text": [ "how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations." ], "answer_start": [ 1539 ] }

{ "text": [ "motherto-child transmission most likely happens transplacentally shortly before delivery" ], "answer_start": [ 12096 ] }

{ "text": [ "a sudden fever above 39uC with myalgia and respiratory signs" ], "answer_start": [ 2913 ] }

{ "text": [ "they can infect both the upper and/or lower airway, further increasing the inflammatory conditions in the diseased airway" ], "answer_start": [ 7262 ] }

{ "text": [ "insulin [39] and low-molecular-weight heparin [40]" ], "answer_start": [ 5473 ] }

{ "text": [ "We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral–fecal route." ], "answer_start": [ 1156 ] }

{ "text": [ "21.0 [8.5-34.5] vs 18.0 [6.0-28.0] in Hubei outside Wuhan and 15.0 [4.0-26.0] outside Hubei; P < .001)." ], "answer_start": [ 2844 ] }

{ "text": [ "That question did not begin to be resolved until the 1930s,\nwhen closely related influenza Viruses (now known to be\nH1N1 Viruses) were isolated, first from pigs and shortly\nthereafter from humans. Seroepidemiologic studies soon\nlinked both of these viruses to the 1918 pandemic" ], "answer_start": [ 2355 ] }

{ "text": [ "January 31, 2020," ], "answer_start": [ 5172 ] }

{ "text": [ "lower environ-\nmental temperatures and human nasal temperatures (bene-\nficial to thermolabile Viruses such as influenza), optimal\nhumidity, increased crowding indoors, and imperfect ven-\ntilation due to closed windows and suboptimal airflow" ], "answer_start": [ 11707 ] }

{ "text": [ "the small size of marmosets, their immune response to infection that is comparable to humans, and the ability to house more statistically relevant numbers within high containment" ], "answer_start": [ 19325 ] }

{ "text": [ "only human-derived MERS-CoV genomes" ], "answer_start": [ 52035 ] }