Datasets:

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longluu

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covid-qa-split

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{ "text": [ "a 60 year old man from Bisha in the KSA" ], "answer_start": [ 3211 ] }

{ "text": [ "an oropharyngeal and throat swab or a nasopharyngeal aspirate/wash" ], "answer_start": [ 22719 ] }

{ "text": [ "52%" ], "answer_start": [ 9888 ] }

{ "text": [ "descendants of the 1918\nVirus still persists enzootically in pigs. They probably also\ncirculated continuously in humans, undergoing gradual\nantigenic drift and causing annual epidemics, until the\n1950s. With the appearance of a new H2N2 pandemic\nstrain in 1957 (“Asian flu”), the direct H1N1 Viral descen-\ndants 0f the 1918 pandemic strain disappeared from human\ncirculation entirely, although the related lineage persisted\nenzootically in pigs." ], "answer_start": [ 2670 ] }

{ "text": [ "s are spherical, enveloped, and the largest of positive-strand RNA v" ], "answer_start": [ 1930 ] }

{ "text": [ "messenger RNA, DNA-based, nanoparticle, synthetic and modified virus-like particle)" ], "answer_start": [ 10922 ] }

{ "text": [ "based on the presence of febrile illness, cough and requirement for hospitalization with suspicion of lower respiratory tract (LRT) involvement." ], "answer_start": [ 6732 ] }

{ "text": [ "20.4 kb" ], "answer_start": [ 12855 ] }

{ "text": [ "has come a long way, with several mutations incorporated, and has continued to wreak epidemics in several regions" ], "answer_start": [ 3640 ] }

{ "text": [ "not hypoxemia, due to the prominent pulmonary edema" ], "answer_start": [ 17472 ] }

{ "text": [ "IFITM5 with FKBP11" ], "answer_start": [ 1807 ] }

{ "text": [ "rhinovirus" ], "answer_start": [ 11928 ] }

{ "text": [ "recombinant vaccine carrier" ], "answer_start": [ 756 ] }

{ "text": [ "102" ], "answer_start": [ 609 ] }

{ "text": [ "since MMHPs are often conserved targets within and between virus families," ], "answer_start": [ 2852 ] }

{ "text": [ "In the 57, 6 cases were detected to be blood positive, all of them (100%) were severe in symptom requiring special care attention, and the blood of the rest 51 cases was without detectable virus in the blood, only 12 of them (23.5%) were severe cases." ], "answer_start": [ 5150 ] }

{ "text": [ "pathogens for human beings, which infect respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and neurologic diseases." ], "answer_start": [ 1942 ] }

{ "text": [ "Fe" ], "answer_start": [ 2569 ] }

{ "text": [ "35 to 50%" ], "answer_start": [ 2553 ] }

{ "text": [ "are differentially regulated" ], "answer_start": [ 4591 ] }

{ "text": [ "as carrier to elicit antibodies against poorly immunogenic haptens or polypeptide" ], "answer_start": [ 9597 ] }

{ "text": [ "rapid spread and high pathogenicity" ], "answer_start": [ 1731 ] }

{ "text": [ "Personal Protective Equipment" ], "answer_start": [ 6407 ] }

{ "text": [ "colocalized after HTNV infection" ], "answer_start": [ 16456 ] }

{ "text": [ "antiviral genes such as type I interferons, inflammasome activating factors and cytokines remained activated resulting in prolong airway inflammation" ], "answer_start": [ 17828 ] }

{ "text": [ "At least 8,098" ], "answer_start": [ 2507 ] }

{ "text": [ "A Google search for 2019-nCoV diagnostics (as of 6 February 2020; Table S2 ) yielded five webpage links from government and international bodies with official information and guidelines (WHO, Europe CDC, US CDC, US FDA), three webpage links on diagnostic protocols and scientific commentaries, and five webpage links on market news and press releases. Six protocols for diagnostics using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from six countries were published on WHO's website [9] . Google search for 2019-nCoV vaccines yielded 19 relevant articles." ], "answer_start": [ 6375 ] }

{ "text": [ "non-specific protection from subsequent influenza virus infection" ], "answer_start": [ 20884 ] }

{ "text": [ "work from home wherever possible" ], "answer_start": [ 30719 ] }

{ "text": [ "rs12252 C allele" ], "answer_start": [ 34574 ] }

{ "text": [ "102 and 47 cases, respectively." ], "answer_start": [ 1194 ] }

{ "text": [ "a peripheral membrane protein" ], "answer_start": [ 10566 ] }

{ "text": [ "apnea, cyanosis, cough with vomit, or whoop/whooping cough" ], "answer_start": [ 6426 ] }

{ "text": [ "December 2019" ], "answer_start": [ 1428 ] }

{ "text": [ "enables a variety of bioconjugation and surface chemistry applications, particularly in nanomaterials" ], "answer_start": [ 1274 ] }

{ "text": [ "the disruption of mucociliary function, an important component of the epithelial barrier." ], "answer_start": [ 25257 ] }

{ "text": [ "between 100 and 840 y ago" ], "answer_start": [ 3588 ] }

{ "text": [ "a clinically proven and marketed compound for the treatment of viral upper respiratory tract infections" ], "answer_start": [ 587 ] }

{ "text": [ "46,000" ], "answer_start": [ 2683 ] }

{ "text": [ "a vast wealth of currently unexplored biodiversity, leading to biotechnologies and treatments that leverage the host-virus interactions developed throughout evolution." ], "answer_start": [ 8382 ] }

{ "text": [ "Recombinant live-attenuated or replication-deficient influenza viruses" ], "answer_start": [ 42323 ] }

{ "text": [ "vaccine was immunogenic, inducing CMV-neutralizing antibody responses and potent T cell responses. Moreover, the vaccine was well tolerated and considered safe" ], "answer_start": [ 18812 ] }

{ "text": [ "superoxide dismutase" ], "answer_start": [ 11390 ] }

{ "text": [ "in various forecasting applications, for example, in [23] , a stock price forecasting model was proposed using ANFIS and empirical mode decomposition" ], "answer_start": [ 3509 ] }

{ "text": [ "airway inflammation leading to complications such as coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath." ], "answer_start": [ 2230 ] }

{ "text": [ "severe joint pain, contorting its victims into unusual postures" ], "answer_start": [ 1660 ] }

{ "text": [ "Two cases" ], "answer_start": [ 7088 ] }

{ "text": [ "between 50 and 310 y ago," ], "answer_start": [ 3514 ] }

{ "text": [ "Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis (SIN) virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus, as well as chimeric viruses incorporating portions of SIN and VEE viruses" ], "answer_start": [ 16467 ] }

{ "text": [ "'information economy paradox'." ], "answer_start": [ 2424 ] }

{ "text": [ "control of excessive Fe absorption" ], "answer_start": [ 3425 ] }

{ "text": [ "important to identify the exact mechanisms underpinning viral exacerbations in susceptible subjects" ], "answer_start": [ 4957 ] }

{ "text": [ "Most studies on SARS and MERS vaccines were excluded as they were performed in cell or animal models" ], "answer_start": [ 11532 ] }

{ "text": [ "transmembrane pore-forming viral proteins" ], "answer_start": [ 1545 ] }

{ "text": [ "transforming prothrombin directly into thrombin," ], "answer_start": [ 3792 ] }

{ "text": [ "16 %" ], "answer_start": [ 50413 ] }

{ "text": [ "low efficacy in the populations at greatest risk of complications from influenza virus infection, i.e., the young and elderly" ], "answer_start": [ 1987 ] }

{ "text": [ "42 years" ], "answer_start": [ 2026 ] }

{ "text": [ "The resultant SL-SHC014-MA15 virus could indeed efficiently use human ACE2 and replicate in primary human airway cells to similar titres as epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. While SL-SHC014-MA15 can replicate efficiently in young and aged mouse lungs, infection was attenuated, and less virus antigen was present in the airway epithelium as compared to SARS MA15, which causes lethal outcomes in aged mice" ], "answer_start": [ 4425 ] }

{ "text": [ "2 strains out of 25 (8%)" ], "answer_start": [ 11338 ] }

{ "text": [ "Testing of suspected cases based on geographical risk of importation needs to be complemented with additional approaches to ensure early detection of local circulation of COVID-19, including through testing of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitals irrespectively of travel history as recommended in the WHO case definition updated on 27 February 2020" ], "answer_start": [ 11773 ] }

{ "text": [ "has resulted in a large population of poxvirus-naï ve individuals that provides the opportunity for the use of poxviruses as vectors without preexisting immunity concerns" ], "answer_start": [ 28943 ] }

{ "text": [ "influenza virus infections are controllable and preventable, with the increased population health and immunity, with the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, and with standard/routine epidemiological practices, and with new effective anti-viral agents and vaccines in production in the future." ], "answer_start": [ 10047 ] }

{ "text": [ "is enclosed by a rod-like protein capsid, ∼1000 nm long and 5 nm wide, made up almost entirely of overlapping pVIII monomers, each of which lies ∼27 angstroms from its nearest neighbor and exposes two amine groups as well as at least three carboxyl groups (Henry et al., 2011)" ], "answer_start": [ 33493 ] }

{ "text": [ "30,847 nucleotides" ], "answer_start": [ 1873 ] }

{ "text": [ "clinical trials with rAd vectors have overall been successful, demonstrating safety and some level of efficacy," ], "answer_start": [ 10212 ] }

{ "text": [ "reproductive number" ], "answer_start": [ 2265 ] }

{ "text": [ "Gammaproteobacteria" ], "answer_start": [ 507 ] }

{ "text": [ "he clean area\nincludes the administrative office and the diagnostic room." ], "answer_start": [ 11603 ] }

{ "text": [ "to decrease R 0" ], "answer_start": [ 15929 ] }

{ "text": [ "December 2019" ], "answer_start": [ 974 ] }

{ "text": [ "The microbe occurs in every case of the disease in question and under circumstances which can account for the pathological changes and clinical course of the disease" ], "answer_start": [ 15166 ] }

{ "text": [ "Retroviruses" ], "answer_start": [ 731 ] }

{ "text": [ "fever, cough, breathing difficulties and pneumonia that may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure and death in 20 % to 40 % of those infected." ], "answer_start": [ 1123 ] }

{ "text": [ "to that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV." ], "answer_start": [ 859 ] }

{ "text": [ "basic reproduction number," ], "answer_start": [ 836 ] }

{ "text": [ "The fully annotated list of the quantified nucleolar proteins" ], "answer_start": [ 11360 ] }

{ "text": [ "Established hospital surveillance systems that are in place for influenza and other diseases in Europe may be expanded for this purpose. In addition, a number of countries in Europe are adapting and, in some cases, already using existing sentinel primary care based surveillance systems for influenza to detect community transmission of SARS-CoV-2" ], "answer_start": [ 14099 ] }

{ "text": [ "a familial cluster of 2019-nCoV infection in a Shenzhen family with travel history to Wuhan" ], "answer_start": [ 4684 ] }

{ "text": [ "an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response" ], "answer_start": [ 2740 ] }

{ "text": [ "∼80% identity with SARS-CoV" ], "answer_start": [ 975 ] }

{ "text": [ "patients infected with 2019-nCoV may harbour the virus in the intestine at the early or late stage of disease. It is also worth to note none of the patients with viremia blood had positive swabs. These patients would likely be considered as 2019-nCoV negative through routine surveillance, and thus pose a threat to other people." ], "answer_start": [ 9970 ] }

{ "text": [ "positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the Togaviridae family" ], "answer_start": [ 16320 ] }

{ "text": [ "MTT method" ], "answer_start": [ 13705 ] }

{ "text": [ "within airway epithelial cells" ], "answer_start": [ 7487 ] }

{ "text": [ "neonatal infection associated with intrapartum maternal viremia that progressed to develop encephalitis owing to vertical transmission from infected mothers" ], "answer_start": [ 12254 ] }

{ "text": [ "unable to evaluate the levels of immunomodulators in the serum samples of a control group" ], "answer_start": [ 23550 ] }

{ "text": [ "gemcitabine" ], "answer_start": [ 6040 ] }

{ "text": [ "pro-inflammatory cytokines" ], "answer_start": [ 22214 ] }

{ "text": [ "calculating backwards from the deaths observed over time to estimate transmission that\noccurred several weeks prior, allowing for the time lag between infection and death." ], "answer_start": [ 2468 ] }

{ "text": [ "fulminant encephalopathy with hemorrhagic necrosis" ], "answer_start": [ 615 ] }

{ "text": [ "to the interference with an array of the intracellular processes of the normal cell" ], "answer_start": [ 10910 ] }

{ "text": [ "that N tracks along microtubules" ], "answer_start": [ 13763 ] }

{ "text": [ "small, gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium" ], "answer_start": [ 2413 ] }

{ "text": [ "bronchoalveolar lavage" ], "answer_start": [ 22289 ] }

{ "text": [ "bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchiolitis" ], "answer_start": [ 2392 ] }

{ "text": [ "During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, between 21 and 25 million people died of influenza worldwide." ], "answer_start": [ 1998 ] }

{ "text": [ "in controlling inflammatory mRNA stability." ], "answer_start": [ 4479 ] }

{ "text": [ "as a Category C pathogen alongside the influenza and SARS-CoV viruses" ], "answer_start": [ 22921 ] }

{ "text": [ "MT-hook residues adjacent to the N terminus of PBD" ], "answer_start": [ 2185 ] }