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https://www.mineraglan.ca/en/what-we-do/our-business/Pages/concentrate-production.aspx | 2021-01-21T21:44:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703527850.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121194330-20210121224330-00793.warc.gz | 0.942328 | 191 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__95742986 | en | The ore extracted from our mines is crushed, ground and processed on site to produce a nickel-copper concentrate. Approximately 1.5 million tonnes of ore is treated yearly at the concentrator resulting in approximately 40,000 tonnes of nickel-in-concentrate annually.
The nickel concentrate is trucked 100 km to the Deception Bay seaport facilities, where it is kept in a dome warehouse until shipped to Quebec City via the 27,000-metric tonne capacity ice breaker (MV Arctic). Upon arrival, the concentrate takes a train to Glencore's smelter in Sudbury. After this 950 km journey to Northern Ontario, Raglan Mine's concentrate is melted and cast into matte, which is sent back to Québec City via rail, then shipped to Glencore's refinery in the coastal city of Kristiansand, Norway, where the unwrought mineral is turned into pure metals before being sold around the world. | chemistry |
http://skinnyskis.com/water-purification-filtration/ | 2019-02-16T16:14:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247480622.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216145907-20190216171907-00348.warc.gz | 0.929403 | 1,078 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__90508111 | en | Recreating in the backcountry requires water. You can carry water with you, but after a certain point, that can become heavy and inconvenient. Traditionally, iodine tablets and water pumps have been the go-to methods for purifying water out in the wild. While these are still around, there are several new products, and updates to the venerable classics, that are light, easy to use, and affordable.
While Iodine is the best known chemical treatment method; it tastes bad. Chlorine dioxide tablets or drops still have a little bit of chemical taste, it’s nowhere near as bad as iodine. It’s also very effective at killing bacteria.
Aquamira drops are a favorite of mine. A package of Aquamira is two bottles of solution; mix 8 drops of each in the mixing cap, wait 5 minutes, add to a liter of water, and wait 15 minutes before drinking. Aquatics are similar; drop a tablet in a 2 liters of untreated water, and wait 30 minutes. Aquatics are effective against giardia, bacteria, and viruses. Both of these methods are inexpensive, light and easy to use. Even if you prefer another method, having one of these in your emergency kit as a backup is a good idea.
Filters are another tried and true method. They filter out particles, and organisms of a certain size, but do nothing to the taste of the water. The Katadyn Hiker and Hiker Pro pump filters are great options for this. The Hiker Pro has a .2 micron filter, which removes bacteria, cysts, and sediment. It produces about a liter of filtered water per minute, and will filter up to 300 gallons of water before the replaceable filter will need to be replaced. The Hiker Pro weighs about 11 oz. It’s not ultralight, but it’s great for camping in larger groups, canoe and kayak camping, and in places where the water has sediment and particles in it.
Ounce counting backpackers and thru-hikers will look for something lighter than the Hiker Pro. The Sawyer Mini is a filter that the fast and light, weight-conscious crowd will want to look into. It weighs 2 oz, and removes 99.99999% of all bacteria, such as salmonella, cholera, leptospirosis, and E.coli; it removes 99.9999% of all protozoa, such as giardia and cryptosporidium. It comes with a soft bag to gather water, just dip in the creek, screw the filter on, and squeeze water through the filter into a clean water bottle. You can also, drink straight through the filter like a straw, but truth be told, you have to suck pretty hard to get water through. Squeezing is a better option. It also comes with a syringe to flush out the filter if it gets clogged with sediment. The Mini is a pretty cool filter, it’s super light, and inexpensive. I like mine. If you cut the handle off your toothbrush, this might be your filter.
Another addition to the light filter category is the Katadyn BeFree filtration bottle. It’s a .6L soft bottle with a filter on the mouthpiece. It filters out 99.9999% of bacteria, and 99.9% of protozoa, and the filter will last for up to 1000 liters. It weighs 2 oz, and packs down to a very small size, perfect for trail runners. It only takes a few seconds to unscrew the top, fill it up, and keep going.
A departure from the usual methods of purification is the Steripen. It uses ultraviolet light to kill over 99.9% of bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Just submerge the lamp, stir, and drink. We currently carry two versions of the Steripen, the Adventurer Opti, and the Ultra. The Adventurer Opti runs on two CR123 batteries, which will provide 50 1 liter treatments before needing replacement. The Steripen Ultra has a rechargeable battery. Just plug in with a USB cable and let it charge. The Ultra will treat 50 liters on a full charge. Steripens are great for use in the backcountry where water is generally clean, and no filtering is required. They’re also awesome for international travel. Just pull it out, zap your water, and drink without worry!
All of these products produce safe, drinkable water, so how does one choose? I’ve tried most of these products, and think they’re all pretty good. But depending on the application, I’ll prefer one over the other. On a budget? Try the Aquatabs, Aquamira, or the Sawyer Mini. Going ultralight? Look at the Katadyn BeFree, Aquatabs, Aquamira, or the Sawyer Mini. Family camping trips? The Katadyn Hiker and Hiker Pro are fast, safe, and easy enough for kids to use. Traveling the globe? The Steripen will keep you safe in the canyon or cantina. | chemistry |
http://www.3dhub.com.cy/shop/3d-printers/intamsys-funmat-ht/ | 2018-07-17T19:06:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589892.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717183929-20180717203929-00409.warc.gz | 0.710261 | 466 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__241780504 | en | The Funmat (Functional Materials) HT by Intamsys is a true multimaterial 3D printer capable of handling standard plastics including PLA and ABS as well as advanced technical polymers including PEEK, PEI and PPSU.
To achieve this the Funmat combines a 450°C hot-end with a patent-pending heated chamber capable of maintaining 90°C, and a 160°C heated bed. The printer comes with two easily changeable extruders: one for high temperature materials and one for low temperature.
There are also two glass beds provided, we recommend using PEI sheets for printing high temperature materials and BuildTak for low temperature materials. The printer has a range of advanced features including filament runout detection and an optional camera.
Technical materials: Print in PEEK, PEI, PPSU, PC and many more technical materials.
Controlled Environment: Fully enclosed heated build chamber and internal filament compartment.
Swappable Extruder: Low temperature and high temperature extruder are easily changed in under 5 minutes and extend the filament capabilities of the printer.
|Printing Technology||Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)|
|Build Platform||Aluminum Plate + Borosilicate Glass|
|Supported File Types||STL, OBJ|
|Supported Filaments||Peek, ULTEM, PLA, ABS, Nylon(PA), Carbon Fiber, TPU, PC|
|Build Plate Temperature||100°C ~150°C/212°F~302°F|
|Operating Ambient Temperature||10°C to 35°C(50°F to 95°F)|
|Nonoperating Temperature||0°C to 32°C (32°F to 90°F)|
|Position Accuracy||X/Y12.5μm Z:1.25μm|
|Build Plate Leveling||Manual|
|Feeder Type||Geared Feeder|
|File Transfer||SD card, USB|
|Output||DC 24V, 25A|
|Supported OS||Windows/Linux/Mac OS|
|System||Open filament system|
|Warranty||12 Month (excl. Extruder )| | chemistry |
https://www.concept-one.co.uk/e-ion-system-a-feel-good-atmosphere | 2021-10-25T00:39:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587608.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20211024235512-20211025025512-00685.warc.gz | 0.906332 | 291 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__118167582 | en | E.ION System, a feel good atmosphere
Falmec has developed a unique technology which, through the bipolar controlled ionisation, allows to recreate in the kitchen the air ions that not only eliminate 95% of the unpleasant odours in a natural way, but also restore the optimal ionic balance, with considerable benefits to our physical and psychological well-being.
Thanks to the bipolar controlled ionisation, E.ion® System cooker hoods release ions similar to those present in the atmosphere into your kitchen and effectively neutralize odours, irritants and pollutants such as bacteria, viruses, mites, pollens, spores, dust, noxious fumes or exhaust gases. Ions also have a positive effect on the mind and the body, resulting in improved mood and concentration.
The ions in the atmosphere are produced by natural phenomena such as lightning, waterfalls and sea waves. The E.ion® System technology applies a bipolar electric field to the air flow to achieve the same result. Bipolar controlled ionisation does not involve diffusion of ozone in the domestic environment and can be used to cleanse and sanitise the air. Unpleasant odours are reduced from 70% to 95%, as shown by the tests carried out pursuant to the UNI 13725:2004 standard at the universities of Udine and Milan. The efficiency of the E.ion® System cooker hoods is further enhanced by the Carbon.Zeo combined filter. | chemistry |
https://www.ketogenic-diet-resource.com/toxins-in-food.html | 2024-02-28T01:32:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474690.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228012542-20240228042542-00503.warc.gz | 0.9384 | 2,297 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__93700246 | en | Ketogenic diets limit products which contain many of the toxins in food discussed below. In particular, wheat, nightshade vegetables and beans contain toxic lectins, compounds which are also insulin mimics in the body. Insulin resistance is at the heart of many of the issues that ketogenic diets fix. It makes me wonder if some of the benefits of a ketogenic diet are rooted in the removal of lectins and other toxic foods from a person's diet. It also makes me wonder about people who don't do as well as some on a ketogenic diet. Are they still reacting to toxins in foods they haven't yet discovered and avoided?
On this page, I discuss natural, plant-made chemical toxins. Some of these can be neutralized through proper food preparation techniques (soaking, fermenting or cooking the food), but others are poisonous in any form. Here’s a list of some natural food toxins.
Aflatoxins are produced by the Aspergillus flavus fungus. This fungus can contaminate foods such as grain, nuts and legumes such as peanuts. Aflatoxin-producing members of Aspergillus are common and widespread in nature. They can contaminate grain before harvest or during storage. Aspergillus lives in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and rancid grains and nuts. Crops which are frequently infected include:
The toxin can also be found in the milk of animals which are fed contaminated feed. Virtually all sources of commercial peanut butter contain minute quantities of aflatoxin, but it is usually far below the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommended safe level for toxins in food.
These toxins are carcinogenic and can affect the immune system and cause epigenetic alterations.
Ergot is a toxin produced when the Claviceps purpurea mold infects rye and other grains. In medieval times, outbreaks of the disease “ergotism” were common and known as St. Anthony’s fire. The name was in reference the severe burning sensations in the limbs caused by vasoconstriction of blood vessels in response to the toxins in foods affected. The vasoconstriction sometimes resulted in gangrene and loss of limbs due to severely restricted blood circulation. The neurological symptoms of an ergot infection included hallucinations and irrational behavior, convulsions, and death. More recent research has shown that ergot and other mycotoxins can affect the gut biome negatively.
Goitrogens are a class of toxins in food which suppress the function of the thyroid gland by interfering with iodine uptake. Long term exposure can cause an enlargement of the thyroid (goiter). Foods containing these substances include soybeans (and soybean products such as tofu), pine nuts, peanuts, millet, strawberries, pears, peaches, spinach, bamboo shoots, radishes, horseradish, and vegetables in the genus Brassica (bok choy, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collard greens, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rutabagas, and turnips.)
Lectins are protein compounds which are found in small amounts in many foods. These protein toxins in food cause red blood cells to clot (hemagglutination) and in fact, they are used to type blood, as there are specific carbohydrates to which various lectins bind. (I assume this is the premise which supports the "blood type" diet).
Humans cannot break down these proteins in the stomach and they are also able to bind to various carbohydrates on the cells of our gut walls. This binding changes and damages gut cells, and causes the gut wall to "leak" these proteins into circulation which then predisposes us to autoimmune reactions. In addition, these proteins can cause cellular overgrowth (mitogenesis) and inflammatory autoimmune system reactions.
Consuming lectin-containing foods (especially if they are raw or undercooked) can be lethal. Cooking neutralizes some lectins to some extent, but this depends on altitude. People living at high altitudes, where water boils well below 212 degrees should cook lectin containing foods in pressure cookers to avoid lectin poisoning. But in particular, wheat gluten and some bean lectins are not destroyed by cooking of any kind.
Lectin are found in:
Note that the lethal toxin ricin is made from castor beans, which contain large quantities of a particularly deadly lectin. Raw black beans contain enough lectins to kill rats in one week.
More importantly, lectins are insulin mimics. This paper discusses the ability of wheat lectins to bind to insulin receptors on your cells, enabling the transport of glucose into the cell, much like insulin does. The import of this is that even vegetables and nuts, which are staples in a low carb diet, can stall weight loss if they contain active lectins which mimic insulin. This article discusses the health effects of wheat lectin consumption in more detail.
Dr. Steven Gundry has written an easy-to-read book called the Plant Paradox which has more information on lectins. There is a companion cookbook on this subject as well.
Another good but more technical resource is Pusztai's Plant Lectins textbook.
Opioid peptides are proteins which effect the brain and mood. In my opinion, food intolerances are rooted in the gut damage caused by wheat gluten. The damage to the gut then allows for reactions to dairy products and other food proteins that can get through a damaged gut wall.
Food-based opioids peptides are a problem if they get through the gut lining. They can alter how a person deals with pain, how one breathes (i.e., asthma), gut performance and mood. Common opioid proteins include casomorphin (A-1 beta-casein in cow milk) and various compounds in wheat. Surprisingly, spinach contains an opioid called rubiscolin, which researchers have found improves learning performance in mice. Go figure.
An additional note on the health differences in dairy products from cows with either the A1 and A2 genetic variant: It has been shown in research that the A1 beta-casein in milk from A1 variant cows is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes. Something to remember when weighing whether the toxins in food (milk) are good or bad.
Phytates and phytic acid are compounds found in many foods, but especially soybeans, whole wheat and rye. In the human gut, phytic acid acts as an anti-nutrient. Phytic acid reduces the absorption of valuable minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc by binding the minerals into an insoluble salt.
Relatively high concentrations of phytic acid occur in the following foods: whole grain cereal foods (wheat, rye, rice, oats), nuts and seeds, soybeans, other types of beans, potatoes, artichokes, blackberries, broccoli, carrots, figs, green beans and strawberries. Soaking or sprouting the grain will neutralize much of the phytic acid, except in soybeans, which must be cooked for more than 10 hours at very high temperatures to remove the anti-nutrients.
Psoralens are toxins in food products such as celery, parsley and parsnips. These compounds sensitize the skin to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, and as such are said to be photocarcinogenic. They are not destroyed by normal cooking procedures (boiling or microwave); thus humans are exposed to appreciable levels of psoralens through the consumption of celery, parsnips and other psoralen-containing foodstuffs. Psoralens are used to treat pigment disorders of the skin and other skin diseases such as psoriasis and nonmelanoma skin cancers.
Salicylate or salicylic acid is a chemical that plants manufacture as a method of defense. These substances help plants fight organisms that would cause it to sicken and rot. In people who are sensitive to salicylates, ingesting foods high in these toxins can cause respiratory issues such as asthma and sinusitis. They can also irritate the lining of the nose, and cause skin and gut irritation. Irritable bowel syndrome is strongly linked to high salicylate consumption. Some people get migraines, heart palpitations, and there is evidence to suggest salicylates contribute to hyperactivity in children. Foods high in salicylates include berries, mushrooms, olives, coconut, tomatoes, almonds, curry powder, tea, peppers and zucchini. There's a nice resource here on these toxins in food with comprehensive food lists. And another good resource here.
Solanines are toxic alkaloids found in high concentrations in the green patches on and just under potato skins and eyes. They are also found in tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant. (Note these foods are also high in lectins.)
Solanine has both fungicidal and pesticidal properties, and it is one of the plant's natural defenses. The human body converts solanines into a poison called solanidine. Solanine poisoning is primarily displayed by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, burning of the throat, heart arrhythmia, headache and dizziness. Hallucinations, loss of sensation, paralysis, fever, jaundice, dilated pupils and hypothermia have been reported in more severe cases. Experts say that a hundred grams of raw potatoes contain between 2 and 13 milligrams of solanine.
Experts believe that doses of 200 milligrams of solanine eaten at one sitting may cause problems. Symptoms can be gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting) or neurological (apathy, drowsiness, mental confusion, shortness of breath, weak and rapid pulse).
You can avoid solanine and another similar toxin called chaconine by avoiding green potatoes. Exposure to light or stress (or even aging) causes a potato to synthesize a green pigment called chlorophyll. Light, stress, and aging also cause the potato to produce chaconine and solanine. The appearance of chlorophyll is a warning that something is wrong with the potato. You should also avoid eating potato peels. About 30% to 80% of the toxins in food potatoes are in the peels. Fortunately, these compounds are not well absorbed by the gastrointestinal system and are soon eliminated in the feces.
Trypsin inhibitors include toxins in food that reduce the availability of trypsin, an enzyme essential to protein digestion and metabolism for humans and animals. They are found in abundance in soybeans, and in lesser amounts in raw egg whites and lima beans.
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https://apessay.net/what-are-some-innovative-technologies-being-developed-for-waste-treatment-and-disposal.html | 2024-02-21T18:25:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473524.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221170215-20240221200215-00699.warc.gz | 0.888321 | 880 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__192665715 | en | Waste management is an important issue faced by many countries and cities around the world. As populations grow and consumption increases, the amount of waste generated also rises significantly. Traditional waste treatment and disposal methods can cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, researchers and companies are working on developing innovative technologies that offer more sustainable solutions. Some of the most promising new waste treatment and disposal technologies include:
Plasma gasification- Plasma gasification is an emerging thermal waste treatment technology that uses plasma torch powered by electricity to gasify solid waste at extremely high temperatures reaching over 2000°C. At such high temperatures, molecular bonds in waste break down and syngas is produced. This syngas can then be used to generate electricity. Plasma gasification efficiently converts over 95% of waste into syngas with minimal emissions and residues. It is a versatile technology that can handle almost any type of municipal solid waste or hazardous waste. Several companies are building and testing large-scale plasma gasification plants.
Biofuel from waste- Another technology aimed at resource recovery from waste is the production of biofuels like renewable natural gas or renewable diesel. Anaerobic digestion and thermal conversion processes are used to break down organic waste into biogas which can then be upgraded into transportation fuels. Companies like Agilyx, Fulcrum BioEnergy, and SC Johnson are pioneering technologies to convert post-recycled municipal solid waste, food waste, agricultural waste etc into drop-in biofuels. Integrating existing waste management infrastructure with biofuel production facilities allows generating renewable energy from waste.
Conversion to hydrogen- Waste-to-hydrogen is an emerging approach focused on producing hydrogen gas through the gasification of municipal solid waste or sewage sludge. The syngas obtained can be further processed to produce hydrogen through techniques like steam methane reforming. Hydrogen produced can be used as a zero-emission fuel in transportation and industrial sectors. Companies like EnviTec Biogas are developing large systems to generate hydrogen alongside electricity through thermal conversion of organic waste streams.
Advanced recycling for plastics- Due to the difficulty and costs involved in traditional mechanical recycling of plastic waste, less than 10% of plastic waste globally gets recycled. New chemical recycling technologies aim to improve this. Companies like Eastman, Vadxx, Synata Bio, and Agilyx are developing advanced recycling processes using techniques like depolymerization, methanolysis and hydrolysis to break plastics down to their basic molecular building blocks which can then be used to produce virgin quality plastic resins and polymers. By allowing recycled content to directly substitute fossil feedstocks in new plastic production, advanced recycling could significantly boost plastic recycling rates.
Digital waste management- Leveraging technologies like IoT sensors, RFID tags, computer vision etc allows implementation of smart waste management solutions. Connected waste bins can detect fill levels and optimize collection routes to improve efficiency. Landfill gas and leachate levels can be digitally monitored. Advanced analytics helps identify waste generation patterns, forecast demand and optimally route trucks. Some cities are piloting digital platforms that allow citizens to book and track waste collection services while generating insights to guide future infrastructure needs. As waste infrastructure shifts towards automation and remote monitoring, digital connectivity opens new frontiers.
Biological technologies- Researchers are also exploring biological and microbiological solutions for sustainable waste management. Methods are being studied to use waste-eating microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to aid in composting and accelerate the natural decomposition of organic materials. Biotechnologies also offer pathways for converting agricultural, forestry and food waste into higher-value bioproducts like bioplastics, solvents, animal feed ingredients, using techniques like fermentation. Advances in synthetic biology and microbial engineering fuels the development of such biological conversion processes.
While these technologies are still under research and development or pilot-stage adoption, they represent promising new directions that can augment today’s waste management infrastructure and allow maximum resource recovery from waste. By diverting organic materials to production of renewable fuels and chemicals, and employing chemical and biological techniques for advanced recycling of plastics, cities of future may significantly reduce the burden on landfills whilst minimizing environmental impact of waste. Integrating digital connectivity can enable optimized operations and planning. Emerging technologies thus provide a pathway for transition towards more sustainable and circular models of waste management. | chemistry |
https://atlasinfiniti.com/blog/what-all-you-need-to-know-about-flame-resistant-clothing | 2024-03-04T12:15:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476442.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304101406-20240304131406-00318.warc.gz | 0.950388 | 819 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__128773915 | en | What are the situations when you need flame resistant clothing? Well, there are several work conditions where they are useful.
Normal fabrics are flammable and hence, not suitable in these work conditions. From the point of ignition, they burn away with an increasing rate of flame spread. More importantly, they will keep on burning even if the source of ignition is removed. Either you have to extinguish the fire, or it will stop burning when all inflammable material is consumed.
Popularly called FR clothing, it is a category of garments and fabrics that prevent the spread of fire away from the immediate area of burning.
The clothing resists ignition and get extinguished as soon as the source of fire is removed.
Remember, flame-resistant clothing is not fireproof clothing. Hence, do not expect protection from burn injuries in the immediate periphery of ignition by wearing flame-resistant clothes.
Then what do they do?
Flame-resistant clothing is made from nonflammable stuff that has a chemical structure that resists the flames naturally. It may catch fire, but the rate of burning is slow. Most of the time, it extinguishes automatically. The most important function is to prevent the spread of fire.
When clothing is made from chemically treated material that has self-extinguishing properties, then it is called flame-retardant clothing.
These fabrics undergo chemical treatment to get some of the properties of flame-resistant fabric. It burns slow and extinguishes automatically. Any type of fabric can be made flame-retardant.
Fire resistant clothing offers high protection against fire. These clothes do not catch fire under normal oxygen levels.
It is made by blending oxidized fibers that carbonizes and expands when burn. It expands and eliminates oxygen content within the fabric.
Fire resistant clothing offers higher TPP index or Therma Protective Performance Index.
TPP is a measure to assess the thermal performance of fabric when it is exposed to radiant or convective heat. It is the number of seconds required to suffer second-degree burns from exposure to a source of thermal energy.
These two terms are frequently discussed when people talk about flame resistant coveralls. What does it mean?
Primary protection means that the clothing is designed to wear during activities where the wearer is exposed constantly to flames, molten substances, and radiant heat. An example is a firefighter who is always exposed to extreme conditions and needs maximum protection.
Secondary protection means the wearer is not exposed to the hazard constantly, but intermittently.
Atlas Infiniti is the one and only place where you get ae wide range of heat resistant clothing, flame- and fire-resistant uniforms, and fireproof clothes. Each item is made from industry-standard material and it is quality tested.
In every country, authorities lay down rules and regulations to keep the workforce safe while working in hazardous conditions. Virtually, every work condition is different. However, the safety parameters need to be formulated in the framework defined by the regulating bodies.
You have to contact the concerned officials to find out the specific information. It required more research into the work environment and industry.
Since you are the owner of the company, it is your sole responsibility to provide safety gear. Remember, there is always a temptation to avoid the use of safety gears up to a certain extent.
It is both from the employer’s as well as the employee’s side. For example, a chemical plant does not keep reserves to buy fireproof jackets because there has not been a single incident of fire hazard in the past three decades.
Similarly, there could be a situation where people working near a furnace do not wear heat resistant clothing because they find it ‘too clumsy and uncomfortable”.
However, it is not at all a healthy situation. Accidents can happen anytime, without any warning. Hence, preventive measures are mandatory.
The rules may seem taxing or unreasonable, but they are there for some good intentions. The correct approach is to follow the rules and stay safe. | chemistry |
https://emotivity.my/glossary/vasopressin/ | 2020-10-28T15:02:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107898577.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028132718-20201028162718-00150.warc.gz | 0.843063 | 106 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__179133311 | en | Also known as antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin is a potent endogenous hormone which is responsible for regulating plasma osmolality and volume. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain to control circadian rhythm, thermoregulation, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone release (ACTH).
Sharman, A., & Low, J. (2008). Vasopressin and its role in critical care. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain, 8(4), 134-137. | chemistry |
https://spaceanddefense.io/nasa-awards-contracts-for-acquisition-of-liquid-hydrogen/ | 2023-05-28T19:12:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644506.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528182446-20230528212446-00639.warc.gz | 0.931769 | 274 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__217303874 | en | NASA has announced it has awarded contracts to Air Products and Chemicals Inc. of Allentown, Pennsylvania, and Linde Inc. of Danbury, Connecticut, to supply up to approximately 15 million pounds of liquid hydrogen for use at facilities across the agency.
The indefinite delivery requirements contracts include multiple firm-fixed price delivery orders with maximum values of approximately $57.3 million for Air Products and Chemicals and approximately $29.1 million for Linde. Each contract begins Dec. 1 and consists of a two-year base period followed by an option period that, if exercised, would extend the contract to Nov. 30, 2025.
Under these contracts, Air Products and Chemicals will supply up to about 13.1 million pounds of liquid hydrogen to NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and Stennis Space Center in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, while Linde will deliver up to approximately 1.89 million pounds of the commodity to the agency’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland and Armstrong Test Facility in Sandusky, Ohio, as well as NASA’s Kennedy Space Center (including Cape Canaveral Space Force Station) in Florida.
NASA uses liquid hydrogen, combined with liquid oxygen, as fuel in cryogenic rocket engines, and the commodity’s unique properties support the development of aeronautics. | chemistry |
https://iss.jaxa.jp/utiliz/surp/ar/Semiconductor/html/2000/objectives2000.html | 2023-12-07T04:25:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100632.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207022257-20231207052257-00411.warc.gz | 0.930414 | 641 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__67627524 | en | Background and Objectives of the Research
NASDA has recently established the Space Utilization Research Program (SURP) for performing team research in collaboration with researchers outside NASDA. The role of SURP in microgravity science is to perform systematic research for demonstrating the potential of microgravity utilization by producing benchmark results and to promote microgravity utilization in future. Growth of high quality semiconductor crystals is one of several research themes that were selected for this purpose.
Control of solute transport rate at the growth interface is the most important issue to grow compositionally homogeneous crystals. We aim at inventing a new growth method to control solute concentration and concentration gradient at the growth interface for growing homogeneous mixed crystals. The benefit of microgravity in crystal growth is improvement of controllability of solute transport by the suppression of thermal and solutal convections in fluids. Study on growth mechanism can also become much easier in microgravity by the suppression of convection. Therefore, we utilize this advantage of microgravity in crystal growth. We selected In0.3Ga0.7As as a target material because In0.3Ga0.7As is promising as a substrate of laser diodes for 1.3 mm wavelength but large homogeneous single crystals have never been grown on the ground.
When we review past crystal growth experiments in space, very little satisfactory results have been obtained in spite of many attempts to grow homogeneous crystals. The reason may be due to insufficient considerations to the effects of residual acceleration and g-jitter on the melt behavior which could have prevented the purely diffusion-controlled mass and heat transport during crystal growth. An example is a Pb1-xSnxTe crystal growth experiment in the FMPT mission. The compositional profile was not uniform and suggested partial mixing of a melt during crystal growth. This result agreed well with the result of computer simulation on fluid flow in a melt; residual gravity on the order of 10-4 g causes convective flow whose velocity exceeds PbTe-SnTe interdiffusion rate.
We, therefore, proposed the graded solute concentration method as a new crystal growth method in which solute concentration decrease at the growth interface due to residual acceleration and g-jitter is compensated by preinstalled solute concentration gradient in a feed. The method has been developed by introducing a technique of partial melting method for further improving compositional homogeneity of grown crystals. We have succeeded in growing homogeneous InxGa1-xAs crystals (with x = 0.2 - 0.33 and fluctuation less than 竺0.02) having single crystal region of about 20 mm in length and we named the newly invented method ﾅﾕhe traveling liquidus-zone method・after the principle of the growth method.
In 2000 fiscal year, we developed the traveling liquidus-zone method experimentally and theoretically for obtaining larger size crystals and for elucidating mechanism of the homogeneous crystal growth and we applied to the 1st International Announcement of Opportunity for microgravity experiments aboard the International Space Station. In this booklet, we report results of our activities in the last year. | chemistry |
http://sqdayijidian.com/en/News/industrynews/76.html | 2020-11-30T07:55:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141211510.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130065516-20201130095516-00081.warc.gz | 0.947666 | 670 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__4482460 | en | The topic of waste plastics on the biological and marine environment of birds, fish, etc. has always been the focus of global media debate. Many environmental organizations are fiercely resisting plastics, calling for the replacement of plastic packaging with paper or other packaging. .
Mr. Thomas De Quincy, CEO of Coca-Cola, defended the use of plastic bottle packaging: “Plastics are not without advantages. Modern food and beverage containers help reduce food spoilage and waste, and they limit the spread of disease. Can help save lives."
The birth of plastics is less than a hundred years old and has penetrated into all aspects of our lives, bringing us great convenience. It is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, industry, construction, packaging, defense and cutting-edge industries, and people's daily life. Especially in our daily life, plastics are used more widely, such as plastic sandals, slippers, raincoats, handbags, children's toys, toothbrushes, soap boxes, thermos and so on. At present, it has also been widely used in various household appliances such as televisions, tape recorders, electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, and the like.
The danger of discarded plastics to birds, fish and the sea is a human problem, not a problem with the plastic itself. Waste plastics are not useless waste in nature, but resources that are placed in the wrong place at the wrong time are mismatched treasures. From a time perspective, today's waste plastics may become tomorrow's resources; from a spatial perspective, most waste Plastics have the chemical and physical properties required for industrial raw materials, and an environmental waste can often be another raw material.
What we need to do more is to deal with waste plastic better, instead of discarding it or resolutely resisting it!
How to deal with waste plastics, under the premise of safety and environmental protection, through the advanced environmental protection technology and equipment to turn it into a treasure, is an effective way to deal with waste plastics.
In recent years, the scale of environmental protection equipment manufacturing has expanded rapidly, the development model has been continuously innovated, the service field has been continuously expanded, and the technical level has been greatly improved. Shangqiu Dayi Technology Co., Ltd., a leading company in the pyrolysis industry, independently develops environmentally-friendly continuous waste plastic pyrolysis technology equipment to realize the recycling and harmless treatment of waste plastics, and produce energy products such as fuel oil, natural gas and solid fuel. The equipment has won the National Science and Technology Progress Award for its excellent safety, environmental protection, energy-saving and high-performance performance, and long-term continuous and stable operation. The equipment is exported to Germany, Hungary, Brazil, Estonia, Thailand, India, Malaysia, Iraq, Taiwan and other worlds. Multiple countries and regions.
Nowadays, what we need to do more is to focus on science and technology, rather than demonizing this new material, which is less than a hundred years old. We should strive to publicize the resource attributes of waste plastics, rely on advanced environmental protection technology equipment to recycle and use waste plastics, turn waste plastic into products or convert them into secondary materials for reuse, and vigorously promote the development of green recycling and low carbon! | chemistry |
http://blogs.eciems.com/nanomechanical-devices-based-on-quantum-levitation/ | 2018-02-24T14:12:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891815812.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180224132508-20180224152508-00264.warc.gz | 0.862664 | 195 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__64123705 | en | ScienceDaily (2009-01-07) — Magicians have long created the illusion of levitating objects in the air. Now researchers have actually levitated an object, suspending it without the need for external support. Working at the molecular level, the researchers relied on the tendency of certain combinations of molecules to repel each other at close contact, effectively suspending one surface above another by a microscopic distance. Researchers have measured, for the first time, a repulsive quantum mechanical force that could be harnessed and tailored for a wide range of new nanotechnology applications.
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Copyright 2017 ECI Networks | chemistry |
https://fwmdocks.com/about/environmental-standards/ | 2023-03-20T12:56:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943483.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320114206-20230320144206-00658.warc.gz | 0.931528 | 366 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__276227178 | en | In today’s world, we all have an ever-increasing responsibility to take care of the environment. The dock systems we manufacture and sell are purpose-built to be an eco-friendly alternative to traditional wood dock systems, which can release harmful substances into their natural surroundings.
Our modular dock systems are crafted from components and materials that are completely harmless to the environment and can be recycled when their intended use is finished.
See additional information on materials, specs, components below.
Manufactured with NRA-235 high-performance, general-purpose, UV-stabilized, rotational molding grade resins; these resins offer a balance of toughness, rigidity, stress crack resistance and low-temperature impact performance
Resin conforms to FDA regulations (21 CFR 177.1520) regarding the use of polyethylene in food contact articles
Suitable for processing by an approved recycling facility; or can be disposed of at any U.S. government-approved waste disposal facility
Not listed by the EPA as a hazardous waste, nor is it formulated to contain materials that are listed as hazardous wastes
Does not exhibit the hazardous characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity, and is not formulated with contaminants as determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
EZ-Dock requires no foam filling
Uses no wood products, which could be treated with copper, chromium or arsenic; products that contain CCA can no longer be placed where they are directly in contact with water
Patented connection coupler (partially funded by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency) is engineered to be an environmentally friendly product; coupler is made from 90% pre- and/or post-consumer waste recycled rubber | chemistry |
https://www.sssi.in/blog/general/water-is-life-10-interesting-facts-about-water/ | 2023-10-01T12:14:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510888.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001105617-20231001135617-00562.warc.gz | 0.968612 | 1,164 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__112056116 | en | We all know water is life. Our body is also consisting of 70% water in it. All the life on earth is alive because of water. Water, the element necessary for the existence of life on Earth, was not discovered by scientists. However, modern-day research is focused on using this component to determine whether or not there is life on distant worlds.
Researchers make incremental progress toward their goal of learning more about water with each passing day.
It is common knowledge that we would perish in the absence of water. However, did you know that a man can go without water for fewer than seven days before dying? This is only one of the numerous well-known facts that can be found regarding water.
There are various interesting facts about water. The purpose of this article is to make you aware of the significance of water by providing you with some water facts appropriate for children, as well as answering the question, "Where does water originate from?" You will gain a deeper understanding of water and its significance with the assistance of the material presented here.
There aren't many many characteristics that are shared by all forms of life on Earth, but one of them is the requirement for water. It is present in all living organisms, regardless of their habitat, be it the deepest part of the ocean or the driest part of the desert. On Earth, life couldn't exist without water.
The oceans encompass 71 percent of the surface of our globe and contain an astounding 96.5 percent of the water that exists on Earth. And at any given time, approximately 0.001 percent of it is suspended in the air above us in the atmosphere. If all of that water dropped to the ground as rain at once, the entire world would receive approximately 25 millimetres of precipitation.
Only 3.5 percent of the water on Earth may be considered fresh, which means that it contains only trace amounts of salt. Lakes, rivers, and streams make up the majority of the freshwater on Earth; however, glaciers and groundwater are also important sources. It is estimated that glaciers and ice sheets hold more than 68 percent of the world's freshwater supply. In addition, the groundwater accounts for another 30 percent.
Approximately one cup of salt can be found in the water of one gallon of typical ocean. But it does differ. For example, the Atlantic Ocean contains a higher concentration of salt than the Pacific Ocean. There is a little lake in Antarctica known as Don Juan Pond that contains some of the saltiest water on the planet.
One single drop of ocean water can be home to a plethora of different organisms and processes. It is highly possible that it will include millions (yes, millions!) of different types of bacteria and viruses. In addition to this, it might also contain fish eggs, young crabs, plankton, or even worm larvae.
There was water present in the rocky stuff that eventually created Earth. On the other hand, this most likely does not account for all of the water that exists today. Ice and water make up the majority of comets. It's probable that comets brought Earth frequent shipments of water when they passed by. Although it would take a large number of comets to completely fill the ocean, it is possible that comets played a significant role in the process.
Atoms tend to move closer to one another during the formation of solids, which results in the formation of something denser. Because of this, the majority of solids sink when placed in water. However, frozen water, sometimes known as ice, has a lower density than liquid water. This occurs quite rarely. When water freezes, the molecules of water arrange themselves into rings. Because of all the empty space, ice has a lower density. Because of this, it can float. This is wonderful because, when ice floats on top of a body of water, it allows the water underneath it to continue to be liquid. If the ice melted, the oceans as we know them may become completely frozen!
A newborn contains approximately 78 percent water by weight. The average adult is between 55 and 60 percent water. Water plays a role in virtually every physiological process that occurs in our bodies. It is an essential component of the blood that is responsible for carrying nutrients to each and every one of our cells. For the purpose of getting rid of wastes, we put it to use. It assists in maintaining a temperature that is normal for our bodies. Our brain and spinal cord are protected from the effects of shock by its presence. We are tremendously dependent on water.
Water possesses an intriguing quality all on its own. It has a "sticky" quality to it. It has a strong desire to adhere to itself as well as other objects. Because of this, water droplets tend to be spherical. Not all liquids do that. This "stickiness" aids in the movement of water from the roots of plants to the uppermost leaves of those plants. Water molecules climb the plant's xylem, which is made up of very thin straws, by clinging to both each other and the xylem's walls as they go.
The three forms of water that can exist in our world are ice, which is solid, water, which is liquid, and water vapour, which is gas. That is pretty uncommon, to say the least. Although any substance can exist in one of these three states, the majority of substances only do so when subjected to temperatures that are extremely high or low.
Students when they study science and geography subjects they learn about various topic related to water and other component of environment. Online tuition classes also help students in developing their understanding. Science Online Tuition classes helps students to complete assignments related to water and geology and geography. | chemistry |
http://classicplating.com/index.html | 2021-02-26T21:46:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178357984.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20210226205107-20210226235107-00465.warc.gz | 0.917177 | 123 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__58070244 | en | Classic Plating, Inc. has specialized in plating and metal finishing services since 1985. We have the technical knowledge and hands-on experience to conquer your plating challenges. We provide 3-5 day turnaround on electroless nickel and tin plating services, rush service is also available. Our full line of services includes electroless nickel, electroless nickel PTFE co-deposit, bright nickel electroplating, bright acid tin electroplating, satin tri-chrome electroplating and cabinet blasting with various media. We also provide assistance in selecting the proper surface treatment and coating for your application. | chemistry |
https://blog.westminster.ac.uk/difference/why-is-august-1st-rna-day/ | 2023-11-29T04:36:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100056.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129041834-20231129071834-00342.warc.gz | 0.958525 | 1,308 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__152122033 | en | It seems like everyone’s heard of DNA. Cartoons of double helix, the ‘recipe for life’, the place where our genetic code is written down, are a cliché image of science. Over the last two-and-a-half years, we’ve all become familiar with a new acronym; the world has heard a lot about RNA (ribonucleic acid) as both the carrier of genetic information in the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the life-saving ingredient of several vaccines against it. This is the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the diverse roles of RNA in biology. In fact, every year on 1st August, people like me celebrate this wonderful molecule (#RNAday !!) – why did we pick that date? And what is it about RNA that provokes such interest?
To appreciate the importance of RNA, there are two things you really need to know about it: the first is that, like DNA, it can carry genetic information; the second is that, like proteins, it can form 3D shapes that give rise to other functions, from speeding up chemical reactions (catalysis) to interacting with other biomolecules to form molecular machines. These overlapping functions, along with other evidence, have led scientists to propose RNA as a key player in the initial organisation of messy chemistry into early life, a hypothesis known as RNA World. The hypothesis is that RNA can catalyse its own replication to propagate genetic information, a process that is subject to selective pressures, with more stable or faster replicating molecules out-competing others. This may have been one of the first steps in organising chemical compounds into “biological” molecules and ultimately to what we recognise as living entities.
In modern cells, genetic information is contained and propagated in DNA and most catalysis is performed by proteins. RNA is the link between these molecules: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins – a process known in molecular biology as the Central Dogma. Translation (otherwise known as protein synthesis) itself involves three types of RNA.
- Messenger RNA is a copy of the DNA recipe for a protein, like photocopying just the page you need from a recipe book rather than taking the entire book home from the library to your kitchen.
- The molecular machine that reads the messenger RNA and assembles the protein is called a ribosome. This is the ‘kitchen’ where new proteins are produced. It is composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins – but it is the RNA in the ribosome that catalyses the formation of new chemical bonds to build a protein.
- Transfer RNA is the link between messenger RNA and proteins – like the chef, it delivers the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) to the ribosome and aligns them in the correct sequence on the messenger RNA.
In addition to the recipe for the protein, messenger RNA encodes other instructions: a sequence directing the ribosome to bind in a specific place, sequences that specify the start and the end of the protein coding region and sequences that affect modification of the messenger RNA molecule itself. The start signal is composed of three of the building blocks of RNA (nucleotides), adenine, uracil and guanine, which are commonly referred to by their initials, A, U and G. Put together in this order, these three nucleotides form a ‘codon’ that instructs the ribosome to start building the protein using the amino acid methionine. Thus, AUG represents the instruction ‘start translation’ and so 1st AUGust has become associated with celebrating RNA’s most well-known roles in protein synthesis.
This century further roles of RNA have been identified and many have been exploited for use in medicine and biotechnology. Besides being used for RNA vaccines for the first time during the Covid-19 pandemic, perhaps the most famous of these is CRISPR, for which the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was awarded.
Viruses infect cells by injecting them with their DNA or RNA, and forcing the cell to produce protein to make more viruses for release. In an example of the ongoing evolutionary arms race, bacteria have developed an RNA-based immune system that directs ‘molecular scissors’ to cut out their own DNA introduced during viral infection, preventing the virus from further replicating. Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier developed these RNA guides and molecular scissors to be able to edit DNA in other types of cells. Because the editing technology is highly selective in terms of the sequences of DNA and RNA involved, editing is precise, and the risk of off-target modifications is very low. The potential for safely editing genes in a huge variety of situations, from improving crop production, generating plastic-eating microorganisms, or use in medicine to repair genes associated with disease is therefore huge. My research specifically focuses on tuberculosis (TB), which before covid-19 was the leading cause of death from infectious disease. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which employs some unusual modifications to the process of translation and also possesses an internal RNA self-destruct button. I’m hopeful that my research into understanding these processes will lead to new targets for TB therapeutics.
While more people have heard of DNA than RNA, you’ve got to admit that RNA is much more interesting. Sure, DNA is the code for life, but RNA is likely how that code evolved as well as being the de-coder, the machinery that makes it work and the factory worker running the machines all at once. That’s why this 1st August I’ll be celebrating RNA, so feel free to join in (science-themed baking or other crafts are particularly encouraged)!
Dr Beth Sawyer is a Lecturer in Biochemistry in the School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, where her research focuses on understanding fundamental biochemical processes in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium has an unusual lifecycle and can remain dormant in granulomas in the lungs for decades, before causing symptomatic disease. To better understand the processes of bacterial hibernation and reactivation, increased appreciation of the subtle differences in fundamental life processes between M. tuberculosis and other ‘model’ bacteria is vital. | chemistry |
https://renodentalassociates.com/2019/01/25/the-rise-of-activated-charcoal-toothpaste/ | 2024-02-21T05:45:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473370.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221034447-20240221064447-00108.warc.gz | 0.939634 | 622 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__146366668 | en | As you may have heard, charcoal is coming on the rise in many beauty and health trends. Whether you are smearing it, brushing it, or eating it, activated charcoal is everywhere to be seen. It is known to absorb bad toxins and seems to clear up acne-prone skin. So there is no debate about why it is such a popular trend. But as we use it all over our body, the real question has been: Is Activated Charcoal Toothpaste healthy to use on our teeth?
What Is Activated Charcoal?
Don’t be deceived into thinking people are taking charcoal off the grill for their beauty habits. Activated Charcoal undergoes a unique process for it to be deemed safe to use in face-masks, vitamins, and toothpaste. You can use many different materials to get activated charcoal. Such materials can be coconut shells, bone char, olive pits, coal, and sawdust. These materials are then milled into a fine black powder. To get the powder to activate, they would process it with high heat.
Activated charcoal develops more internal spaces/ pores. These pores are able to trap toxins and chemicals, which is where the health benefit comes from. Once it is activated, Charcoal is known to have a negative charge, which attracts toxins and gases with a positive charge. It’s able to be carried out of the body through excretions because it cannot be absorbed by the body.
Is it good for you?
In theory, Charcoal is very beneficial for toxin removal. However, there hasn’t been much research towards its whitening abilities. Although there have been many videos and reviews about the black paste, scientific research still hasn’t come out. If you still want to try out activated charcoal toothpaste, make sure the abrasiveness of the toothpaste isn’t high. Brushing with very abrasive toothpaste can wear down your enamel. Since we can’t regrow or replenish the enamel, wearing it down can be detrimental to our oral health. The RDA (Relative Dentin Abrasivity) suggests that your whitening toothpaste is below 200.
We will go to great lengths to get that perfect smile. If you decided to be a part of this trend, try smearing the toothpaste onto your teeth. This way you won’t endanger your enamel and will still see the results! Another suggestion to take into consideration is to always consult with your dental professional when using new products. Everyone’s teeth are different, so make sure you are benefitting your own oral health. For best results that are safe and practiced, get your teeth whitened professionally by a dentist.
If you are unsure about using Charcoal toothpaste, check out Reno Dental Associates other options for teeth whitening. We use safe whitening procedures and tools that give you the best possible results for whiter, healthier teeth. You can also contact us with any questions regarding your teeth whitening curiosities. | chemistry |
https://llsnutrition.org/breaking-down-food-fads-the-alkaline-diet/ | 2023-12-01T00:35:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100258.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130225634-20231201015634-00348.warc.gz | 0.909017 | 1,476 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__34249044 | en | While browsing the grocery store or scrolling online, you may have seen water or foods labeled as “alkaline.” These products often claim you need alkaline water and foods for peak performance. More recently, these products and their supporters have also claimed that alkaline water and foods fight cancer. The “alkaline diet” has grown in popularity in online conversations about cancer and nutrition. Is the alkaline diet really effective at fighting cancer? Do you really need alkaline water to stay healthy? Let’s explore.
What is the alkaline diet?
The alkaline diet is sometimes also called the acid-alkaline diet, alkaline acid diet, or acid ash diet. Supporters of the alkaline diet claim that when the body’s environment becomes “acidic,” the risk for cancer increases. This claim came from a finding that cancer cells in laboratory animals and cell studies live in an acidic (low pH) environment. This led to the assumption that eating foods that are alkaline (high pH) will stop cancer growth by creating a high pH environment in the body. Supporters call this “alkalizing the body.” The theory that what you eat can alter the acidity or alkalinity (the pH level) of your blood is the basis of the alkaline diet. However, this is an unproven claim in humans. The findings only apply to cells in lab experiments.
The Acid Alkaline Association (AAA)’s version of this diet recommends eating 80% alkaline foods (most vegetables and fruits) and 20% acid-producing foods (meats, poultry, dairy, eggs, coffee, whole grains, beans, sugar, and alcohol). Foods are categorized based on their effect on the body, especially the potential renal acidity load (PRAL). Certain fruits, vegetables, and seeds are emphasized. Processed foods are largely avoided. In addition to classifying foods by their pH, the AAA promotes 10 levels of the alkaline diet with more restrictions as the levels progress, including avoiding certain food combinations.
Does the alkaline diet actually change pH levels in the body?
You cannot change the pH of your blood by changing the foods that you eat or the combinations of the foods that you eat. The primary claim of the alkaline diet is not true.
Scientific evidence tells us that the human body has a powerful system to keep the blood pH levels in a tight range, pH 7.35 to 7.45, which is a neutral pH. The kidneys and respiratory system work around the clock to maintain a safe pH level in the blood. If the pH of blood changes quickly, it is life threatening. Your food choices have little to no effect on the pH of your blood. Some alkaline diet plans recommend checking your urine pH often. Urine pH has no relationship to your blood pH or cancer risk.
Some acids in the body actually work to benefit us in many ways. How? Many areas of our body must be acidic to work correctly, like the acidic levels in our stomach for proper digestion.
Is the alkaline diet safe for all cancer patients?
Some patients find the strict rules of the alkaline diet, such as only eating specific foods together, to be stressful. As a patient progresses through the advanced levels of the alkaline diet, consuming adequate calories may become difficult because of increasing restrictions. One version of the alkaline diet recommends 64 ounces of water daily which may not be appropriate for all cancer patients. The restrictive nature of the alkaline diet can also put patients at risk for nutrient deficiencies from not consuming enough dietary protein, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, iron, and calcium by limiting beef, poultry, eggs and dairy foods.
Does the alkaline diet offer any benefits?
The alkaline diet’s emphasis on increasing fruits and vegetables and avoiding processed foods, sugar, and alcohol is a good thing. Studies of plant-based diets show that meals full of plants, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and less animal protein reduce the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes.
The basic recommendations of the alkaline diet—eating a plant-based menu and eating multiple meals throughout the day—do offer benefits. Eating multiple times throughout the day may also help people feel less hungry and more energized since they have a regular source of fuel.
What’s the bottom line?
Your overall pattern of eating is more important than a single food in managing cancer or risk of cancer. There are no large, well-designed clinical trials that prove an acidic (lower) pH blood level in humans increases cancer risk. Cancer cells create an acidic environment. The acidic environment does not create the cancer. There is also no scientific evidence that proves the claim that maintaining an alkaline pH in the blood reduces cancer cell growth, cures cancer, or prevents cancer recurrence.
Some acids in the body actually benefit us by adding in digestion, for example. Acids are vital for health and immunity like the amino acids that are the building blocks of dietary protein and healthy fatty acids for your heart. Enjoying a variety of foods, especially fruits and vegetables, provides many health benefits. Focus less on the alkalinity and acidity of foods, and focus more on colorful, plant-based meals.
Remember, the alkaline diet is NOT a substitute for cancer treatments such as a chemotherapy, radiation or surgery.
Always talk to your healthcare team before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle.
O’Brien, S et al: “Diets, Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements for Cancer Prevention and Survival,” Oncology for Clinical Practice, Chapter 8, page 62-65, 2013, Oncology Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Leech, Joe. (2017, June 9). “The Alkaline Diet: An Evidence-Based Review.” Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/the-alkaline-diet-myth#section1.
The American Institute for Cancer Research. “Alkaline diets.” Retrieved from http://www.aicr.org/patients-survivors/healthy-or-harmful/alkaline-diets.html?_ga=2.250217038.992419478.1533654035-1668668041.1493149900.
Cunningham, Eleese. (2009). “What Impact Does pH Have on Food and Nutrition?” Journal of American Dietetic Assoication, 109(10), 1816. Retrieved from https://jandonline.org/article/S0002-8223%2809%2901521-1/abstract.
Foroutan, Robin. (2016, April 28). “Alkaline Diet: Does pH Affect Health and Wellness?” Food & Nutrition. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Retrieved from https://foodandnutrition.org/may-june-2016/alkaline-diet-ph-affect-health-wellness/. | chemistry |
https://www.rockbreakingsolutions.com/nonex | 2021-03-06T23:35:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178375529.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20210306223236-20210307013236-00335.warc.gz | 0.935787 | 223 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__209049949 | en | What is NoneX?
NoneX technology is based on a non-detonating chemical compound. The chemical is enclosed in a cartridge that reacts very quickly when triggered, producing an elevated volume of non-noxious gas, primarily composed of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
When the NoneX cartridge is hermetically closed in a hole, the gas creates pressure on the sides of the hole and produces a breakage of the rock or cement. Such breakage is often called breakaway.
The NoneX cartridge uses a patented technology that increases the transfer of energy to the inside of the rock or cement to enhance the effectiveness of the breakage.
Nonex cartridges are classified as 1.4s and are safe to transport by air or road, greatly reducing transport cost and issues.
Waterproof NoneX Cartridges. The NoneX cartridges are waterproof and can be used in humid holes or in situations such as working in dams, giving effective breakage while minimising time and cost factors. The Nonex cartridge range is an integated cartridge and does not require auxilliry cartridges to increase it capabilities. | chemistry |
https://bbtooinc.com/bebe-folie | 2018-05-23T01:03:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865023.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523004548-20180523024548-00634.warc.gz | 0.899062 | 170 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__111677301 | en | Perfect even cooling mats, to help baby stay comfortable in hot weather!
Cooling Gel Mats come in three styles to fit stroller, crib or pram! Waterproof and no need for refrigeration, these fabulous cooling gel mats have an easy to clean antibacterial, mold-proof, durable, cotton polyester surface. Bebe Folie cools for 3-4 hours and is light weight, portable and great for travel.
Bebe Folie Gel Mats are made of macro-molecules that prevent leakage outside the mat. This 5th generation of high-tech Cooling Gel is made from 80% water, which allows a better dissipation of heat. The Gel polymer absorbs heat from the baby’s body into the cooling gel and exchanges the heat into the air through high-efficient conductivity of the gel. | chemistry |
https://www.heididcosmetics.com/products/satin-finish-foundation | 2017-04-30T14:48:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125654.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00441-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.739879 | 252 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__162928139 | en | SATIN FINISH FOUNDATION
Pro Tip: Shake & pump a small amount into your palm. Start by warming in your hands and with your fingers or sponge, apply in the center of your face and blend outwards. Adjust the coverage you need by adding another pump as you go, a little goes a long way.
Benefits: Water based, Oil-Free, Sunscreen
Ingredients: Water, cyclomethicone, titanium dioxide, butylenes glycol, trimethylsiloxysilcate, vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, disteardimonium hectorite, cyclopentasiloxane, propylene carbonate, silica, sodium chloride, sorbitan sesquioleate, polymethylmethacrylate, magnesium stearate, lauryl peg/ppg-18/18 methicone, sodium hyaluronate, methylparaben, propylparaben, diazolindiyl urea, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, fragrance, iron oxides (CI77491, CI77492, CI77499)
Weight: 40mL/1.41fl oz
MADE IN PRC | chemistry |
https://homeworksnc.com/particulate-testing/ | 2024-04-14T01:59:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00854.warc.gz | 0.892204 | 273 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__22559865 | en | Total Particle Analysis
The Total Particle Analysis involves microscopic examination of particles collected from the air or surfaces, excluding mold.
These particles include fiberglass and cellulose fibers from insulation, silicates, soot, dust mites, insect parts, pet dander, pollen, and wood dust. They may trigger allergic reactions or cause respiratory, eye, and skin irritation. Sometimes, skin and respiratory issues are not solely due to mold; other particles like dander, gypsum, talc, mineral salts, and soot can lead to excessive dust accumulation in homes.
Proper and consistent cleaning is essential to manage these dust types, as they significantly impact our daily lives.
Silicate dusts, cement dust, gypsum powder, and other particles also pose risks to respiratory health. Renovation projects within homes can elevate nuisance dust levels, and even wood dust can cause skin irritation and rashes. Remember, maintaining a dust-free environment contributes to our overall well-being.
Understanding Allergy-Causing Nuisance Dusts.
Not all allergy like symptoms stem from mold growth. Our health can be impacted by various materials and biological matter in our environment, affecting both our breathing and skin daily. Homeworks Environmental specializes in collecting air and surface samples to evaluate for several of these nuisance dusts. | chemistry |
https://en.vaicacao.com/blogs/notizie/proprieta-e-benefici-del-cacao-puro-non-polvere-di-cacao | 2021-04-21T17:46:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039546945.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421161025-20210421191025-00618.warc.gz | 0.667722 | 1,015 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__155709868 | en | Properties and benefits of pure cacao (not cocoa powder)
COCOA : A FOOD CONSIDERED SACRED BY THE ANCIENT MESOAMERICAN PEOPLES FOR ITS MANY BENEFITS ON MIND AND BODY
In questo post evidenzierò le principali azioni del cacao nel nostro corpo. Parliamo però di cacao puro, senza zuccheri aggiunti, ovvero di fave di cacao (in nibs o macinate - come il nostro ceremonial cacao).
SOURCE OF PRECIOUS ANTIOXIDANTS, PERFORMS ANTI-AGING ACTION IN A NATURAL WAY
Scientific studies carried out by the University of Seoul in South Korea show that COCOA beans contain antioxidants: 30 times more than green tea and red wine, confirming it among the foods with the most antioxidant power. (Source: American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf0344385 ). Other studies are showing (yet to be confirmed) that epicatechins are able to increase liposis and therefore burn fat, placing it among the anti-obesity foods. Cocoa contains antioxidants known as flavonoids, among which kaempferol quercetin and isoramnetine.
IT WOULD HELP CONCENTRATION AND MEMORY
Cocoa would help memory and concentration: the phosphorus contained in cocoa is believed to be useful in intellectual fatigue, as well as caffeine and theobromine which stimulate brain activity.
FONTE NATURALE DI MINERALI, VITAMINE, PROTEINE E FIBRE
Contains significant amounts of minerals such as magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, manganese and iron. Magnesium helps calcium fix itself in the bones; the zinc it is the most present mineral, after iron, in all tissues and, associated with the B vitamins of which cocoa is rich, intervenes in the digestive processes, stimulates the immune system.
Potassium contributes to the vital functions of our body. Useful in regulating muscle contractility, reducing water retention and coordinating nerve transmission. Recent studies have also shown how important potassium can be in prevent and reduce blood pressure.
The content of magnesium lo rende benefico in caso di crampi e ipertensione muscolare. È anche indicato nel periodo pre-mestruale per ridurre i dolori al ventre. Indicato anche in caso di affaticamento intellettuale, o dopo una giornata stressante. Cocoa is recommended for those suffering from anemia and vegans, due to its iron and vegetable protein content. Allied food for those who practice sports, but also for those who need a boost during work healthy energy, without increasing blood sugar. It also contains B vitamins (B2, B3, B5, B6) E, J, K, and large amounts of fiber.
HELPS TO FIGHT STRESS AND IMPROVE MOOD TONE
It is a precursor of fundamental neurotransmitters such as: serotonin, endorphin, anandamide and phenylethylamine.
Serotonin is the hormone of good mood, which is why cacao improves mood and promotes positive thoughts. When we eat cocoa our body feels like falling in love and this gives us a positive spirit.
Contains "tryptophan" essential amino acid that humans do not produce. In addition it is necessary to introduce it with the power supply. The role of tryptophan is to synthesize serotonin.
RECOMMENDED DAILY DOSES and CONTRAINDICATIONS
Dovuto al contenuto di teobromina, sostanza eccitante del cacao simile alla caffeina, è meglio scegliere di consumarlo durante il giorno (15 grammi) e non durante i pasti notturni. Sebbene non tutti abbiamo le stesse necessità o risposte fisiologiche a ciò che mangiamo, questo consiglio può essere utile per chi soffre di insonnia. Consulta sempre il/la tuo/a nutrizionista.
Pregnant women e persone affette da gravi patologie cardiache, dovrebbero consultare il/la proprio medico/a.
* It is always advisable to have a varied diet, drink plenty of water and play sports. In no case should VAICACAO be a substitute for a varied diet or taken as a substitute for medicines. | chemistry |
https://cookingiceandfire.com/does-hexclad-have-teflon/ | 2024-02-28T19:45:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474744.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228175828-20240228205828-00526.warc.gz | 0.900335 | 1,605 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__61258010 | en | As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases
Does Hexclad Have Teflon? Hexclad cookware does not contain traditional Teflon (PTFE). Their pans feature a hybrid design with a non-stick ceramic layer.
Hexclad has revolutionized modern cookware with its unique hybrid technology. Combining durable stainless steel with a ceramic non-stick surface, they promise a high-performance cooking experience that makes them stand out in a crowded market.
Consumers seeking a balance between non-stick convenience and long-lasting quality find Hexclad appealing.
This cookware is designed to withstand metal utensils and is oven-safe, offering versatility for chefs at all skill levels.
With its distinctive hexagonal pattern, the brand has managed to make a name for itself among home cooks and professional chefs alike, who are looking for an alternative to traditional non-stick pans without turning to Teflon-coated options.
Does Hexclad Have Teflon Coating
HexClad cookware utilizes a relatively unique hybrid technology that combines stainless steel with a non-stick surface. The coating found on HexClad pans is not identical to traditional Teflon (PTFE) coatings.
While Teflon is a brand name for a particular type of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), HexClad’s coating is reinforced with ceramic and diamond dust layers to enhance durability.
This innovative approach aims to provide the ease of non-stick cooking without the concerns associated with Teflon coatings, such as potential deterioration at high temperatures.
It’s important for consumers to recognize that even though HexClad may not have “Teflon” per se, it does contain PTFE to achieve its non-stick properties.
Despite common misconceptions, PTFE itself is not inherently harmful if used under recommended conditions, and HexClad ensures that its products are PTFE-safe and free from PFOA, which is another chemical of concern in the production of some non-stick coatings.
Unpacking The Hexclad Design
HexClad cookware’s patented layering approach is designed to provide a unique blend of durability and performance. Their technology comprises a laser-etched hexagon design that is layered over stainless steel and aluminum for superior heat distribution.
At the heart of the debate is whether HexClad implements Teflon, a brand name for PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), in their non-stick coating.
To address concerns about health and safety, it’s crucial to acknowledge that HexClad assures PFOA-free materials; PFOA is a chemical formerly used to manufacture PTFE and has raised health concerns.
The design of HexClad’s cookware aims to provide a non-stick surface without the potential risks associated with conventional non-stick coatings.
This strategy impacts cooking efficiency by allowing for even heat distribution and the use of less oil, which benefits those seeking healthier cooking methods.
Non-stick Technology In Hexclad Pans
The non-stick surface of HexClad pans stands out from traditional non-stick cookware by incorporating a unique blend of ceramic and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene).
Unlike ordinary Teflon-coated pans, HexClad utilizes a hybrid technology that combines stainless steel with diamond dust and PTFE to create a durable, high-performance cooking surface.
The result is a pan that promises to be scratch-resistant and safe for use with metal utensils.
Traditional non-stick cookware, often referred to simply as Teflon pans, typically have a coating solely made from PTFE which can be prone to scratching and may degrade over time at high temperatures.
HexClad’s innovative approach, on the other hand, provides excellent heat distribution and longevity, without sacrificing the ease of clean-up and low-fat cooking benefits that come with a non-stick surface.
|Ceramic with PTFE, Stainless Steel
|Scratch-resistant, metal utensil safe
|Prone to scratching, not for use with metal utensils
|High heat tolerance
|Can degrade at high temperatures
The Safety Profile Of Hexclad Surfaces
Understanding the safety of HexClad cooking surfaces involves knowing what they’re comprised of. HexClad cookware features a patented design that claims to be PTFE-free, which means their products should not contain Teflon.
Teflon, known for its non-stick properties, contains Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a compound that raises health concerns when overheated.
The company prides itself on compliance with strict health and safety certifications, insisting that its unique hybrid technology, which combines stainless steel with a nonstick surface, maintains health standards.
Cooking enthusiasts are therefore provided with a blend of durability and safe cooking performance.
HexClad cookware is designed to be heat-tolerant, enduring temperatures up to 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
This high level of heat resistance suggests that their materials are chemically stable even when exposed to high cooking temperatures.
Such attributes serve to ease concerns about the potential for chemical breakdown and emission of harmful substances.
Innovations In Non-stick Cookware
The cookware industry constantly evolves with newer materials and technologies that enhance both durability and convenience for users.
Among these innovations, HexClad has emerged as a notable brand that is often associated with this technological shift.
Many kitchen enthusiasts wonder about the materials used in HexClad cookware, especially concerning Teflon, a traditionally popular non-stick coating.
HexClad’s cookware blends stainless steel with a distinctive diamond-dust finish and a layer of non-stick material. Their proprietary design provides the resilience of stainless steel and the easy-cleaning benefits of non-stick surfaces.
Notably, HexClad does not rely on PFOA, a compound commonly associated with traditional Teflon products.
They boast of a PTFE-based non-stick surface that is free from the past concerns linked to Teflon coatings, offering a safer and innovative solution in non-stick cookware technology.
Frequently Asked Questions Of Does Hexclad Have Teflon
Does Hexclad Have Harmful Chemicals?
HexClad cookware is free from harmful chemicals, including PFOA, ensuring safe cooking experiences.
Does Hexclad Have Ptfe In It?
Yes, HexClad cookware contains PTFE in its non-stick coating for enhanced performance and easy food release.
Is There A Lawsuit Against Hexclad?
As of my knowledge cutoff in early 2023, there is no widely reported lawsuit against HexClad, the cookware brand known for its hybrid technology and non-stick pans.
Always you should check the latest sources for the most current information.
Is Ptfe Coating Safe To Use?
PTFE coating, commonly known as Teflon, is generally safe for cooking at recommended temperatures.
It becomes potentially harmful if heated above 570°F (300°C), releasing toxic fumes. Use PTFE-coated cookware with caution to maintain safety.
Wrapping up, Hexclad’s innovative cookware design merges stainless steel’s durability with nonstick convenience.
While its composition avoids traditional Teflon, the hybrid design still promises easy cooking and cleaning.
As you refine your kitchen arsenal, knowing Hexclad’s materials helps make an informed choice for health-conscious, culinary excellence.
As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases | chemistry |
https://www.coffee-statistics.com/how-to-make-coffee-less-acidic/ | 2021-10-19T05:59:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585242.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20211019043325-20211019073325-00716.warc.gz | 0.948654 | 1,125 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__65624882 | en | Coffee is a great drink. It’s hugely popular, and it gives many people the extra boost they need to get going in the morning, no matter where they are, even travelling or camping. There’s pretty much a coffee drink out there for everyone. Unless you suffer from acid reflux or heartburn. Since coffee contains acids, it can wreak havoc on those people who suffer from these conditions. But there is hope! If you’ve wondered how to make coffee less acidic, then keep reading for solutions.
The way we measure acidity is by the pH scale. It runs from 0 to 14, 0 being the most acidic. Coffee falls at a 5, which is pretty high, though not as high as some fruit juices or even some sodas. The issue with coffee is that the caffeine in the coffee combined with the acidity raises the acid content of your stomach, creating heartburn.
But coffee is naturally acidic, and that’s what gives the tart, bright jolt that many coffee drinkers love. Not to mention, the natural acids contain the health-boosting antioxidants that can make some drinks a healthy choice. Which is why it can be so disappointing for those people who can’t handle the acidity that coffee dishes out.
There are some options, though, for those people who want their coffee but not the acidity. Some coffee brands do have low acid coffee. These come about in a few ways: if the waxy outer shell of the bean is removed before it is roasted, it can help reduce the acidity level. And roasting some beans slower, at a lower temperature, and even interrupting the roasting process are all ways that low acid coffee can be created.
Unfortunately, these methods do have downsides.
If you’re someone who desperately wants the pleasing scent of fresh coffee in the morning, then perhaps a low acid coffee isn’t for you. You don’t need to do any specific tricks to lower the acidity and simply can go for a dark roast coffee. That’s because the darker the roast of the beans, the less acid they contain. This is why darker roasts tend to be more bitter while lighter roasts are brighter. It’s the acidity that causes that brightness. If you’re looking for an easier way to get less acidic coffee, try a darker roast and see if it’s enough to give you relief. But if you’re someone who prefers a medium or lighter roast, this may not be a great option for you or your palate.
Another fun fact about coffee beans is that where they’re grown, matters. Just like grapes used to make wine, the values and flavors of coffee beans vary depending on the location they’re grown, the soil, the weather and temperature, and growing conditions.
One of the most interesting facts about coffee beans grown at lower elevations is that they naturally contain less acid.
How you prepare your coffee can have a big difference in the acidity level of your coffee as well. The longer you brew your coffee, the more time it has for the acid to extract into the drink, so if you’re suffering, try reducing the brewing time of your coffee and see if it helps.
Grind size of the beans can make a difference, too, though there are some arguments about this. Some people say that a fine grind allows more acids to accumulate, making for higher acidity, but others say the opposite is true: that a coarse grind slows down the rate of coffee extraction, which means more acidity. Either way, if you suffer from too much acidity or sourness, try changing the grind of your beans to coarser or finer and see if it makes a difference for you and your stomach.
But if none of the above methods make a difference for you, there are some other tips and tricks you can try to help reduce the acid content of your coffee. Specifically, there are things you can add to your coffee when brewing or when drinking. Things you can add to your grounds when brewing to lower the acidity can include:
If you’ve been wondering how to brew coffee to make it less acidic, well, one of the other methods you could rely on is cold brewing instead of the usual drip coffee brewing. Cold brewing involves using a coarse grind and letting it sit in a jar with water in your refrigerator overnight, or for at least 12 hours. Cold brewing, since it uses cold water, creates a drink that is less bitter and more rounded, and also up to 70% less acidic.
But it’s important to know that while cold brewing may be the solution for many people needing less acidic coffee, cold-brewed coffee also has fewer antioxidants, and therefore less of a health boost than hot brewed coffee has. By the way, you may take a look at some great cold brew coffee makers which make the process of brewing much easier.
Hopefully, your questions about how to make the coffee taste less acidic have been answered. While high acid coffee may wreak havoc on some drinkers’ digestive systems, there are a lot of tricks and options you can try to see if it makes a difference for you. Whether you choose a darker roast, include additives to your beverage, or even try cold brewing, there’s probably something in this list that will let you enjoy your coffee without worrying about the burn of reflux. | chemistry |
http://www.austria-scitech-china.at/news/austrian-delegation-on-advanced-materials-successfully-visited-china/ | 2020-05-29T20:08:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347406365.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529183529-20200529213529-00229.warc.gz | 0.917366 | 440 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__74710198 | en | Intensive exchange with Chinese scientists and entrepreneurs in different cities
Photo: Roundtable in TIPCCAS
Photo: Visit to the Shanghai University
A delegation with 18 Austrian experts on advanced materials from excellent Austrian universities and representatives from Austrian companies successfully visited China from 11-16 November 2018. The visit was organized by the Office of Science and Technology of the Austrian Embassy in Beijing (OSTA) in collaboration with Advantage Austria, the Austrian Chamber of Commerce and led by the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT). The main purpose of the delegation visit was identifying additional potential cooperation partners and preparing for the upcoming joint calls: the fifth joint call between the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and the fourth joint call between FFG and the Shanghai University.
During the visit, Sino-Austrian Roundtables on Advanced Materials, lab visits and individual science to science and business to business meetings were arranged with Chinese researchers from different renowned CAS institutes: the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science (IMRCAS) in Shenyang, the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (TIPCCAS) in Beijing, the Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology of the Chinese Academy of Science (CNITECH) in Ningbo, the Shanghai University and the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS) as well as numerous Chinese companies.
The visit offered an excellent opportunity for the Austrian participants to exchange information with their potential cooperation partners, to gain deeper insights into their research areas and to get closer contact with each other.
- Austrian Ministry of Science and Technology (BMVIT)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)
- Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Science (IMRCAS)
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS (TIPCCAS)
- Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CNITECH)
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS) | chemistry |
https://www.jaffa.co.uk/the-fruit-honest-sicilian-reds/ | 2020-07-10T05:28:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655906214.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200710050953-20200710080953-00349.warc.gz | 0.958159 | 112 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__36568645 | en | Although these may look like ordinary oranges from the outside, they are altogether a much more exquisite fruit, and for a good reason too.
All oranges contain carotene- that’s what makes them orange. Jaffa Reds contain high concentrations of a pigment called anthocyanin, which causes the flesh to develop its characteristic maroon colour when the fruit grows with low temperatures during the night.
Jaffa Reds are grown in both Sicily and Spain.
Look out for:
Jaffa Reds in store from January to March. | chemistry |
https://www.hometownroofingcontractors.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-copper-roofing | 2020-12-04T19:48:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141743438.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204193220-20201204223220-00132.warc.gz | 0.92592 | 1,415 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__201319268 | en | In this guide, we'll discuss...
Copper is not only beautiful in appearance, but it’s also durable.
A properly installed copper roof will likely be the last roof ever installed on the building. Copper holds up well to weathering, UV exposure, humid and dry climates, rainfall, wind, and hail.
In addition, one of the most appealing aspects of copper roofing is its weathering properties. It turns from the traditional shiny copper color to a blue-green tint referred to as "patina." It can take more than 25 years in some geographic locations for the patina to fully develop. Patina is actually a thin layer of copper sulfate that forms over the roofing material when exposed to weather and air pollutants. A perfect example of how this process works is the Statue of Liberty.
The layer of patina that forms on copper roofing protects the copper from corrosion. Because of this all-natural protectant, there’s no need to apply any sort of protective coating or enamel to copper roofs. It’s a great benefit of this type of roofing.
It’s also not unusual to notice small undulations—known as oil canning—on the surface of copper roofing. The manufacturing process and inherited properties of the metal are the cause of oil canning. The oil canning issue will eventually go away as the patina finish conceals the imperfections.
Copper is used in the roofing industry for ornamental work and as a complete roofing solution. It's an exceptionally malleable metal that bends and molds to various shapes with relative ease.
Copper used in roofing applications is available in several levels of hardness. Soft copper is ideal for ornamental work, while much harder cold-rolled copper is used for roofing panels and shingles.
Copper roofing is an ideal choice for highlighting a decorative focal point of the roof. Roofing contractors are able to pre-fabricate the ornamental copper piece in-house or on-site. The roofer can pound the copper into virtually any shape.
LEARN MORE: The Homeowner's Complete Metal Roofing Guide
Roofing panels composed of metal materials, such as copper, are often referred to as standing seam roofing. These are primarily pre-formed or field formed pans, typically between 14 - 18 inches wide. However, dimensions vary based on the size and angle of your roof.
These panels can be installed a number of different ways, depending on the dimensions of your roof and copper panels.
Common installation techniques include:
- Gable Rake
- Typical Standing Seam
- Transverse Seams
- Standing Seam at Hip
An experienced metal roofing contractor should be familiar with these standard practices. They should be knowledgeable and happy to explain the process and details regarding your particular panels and roof.
Copper flashing is sold in coils ranging from .001 to .0216 inch. The thinnest copper flashing won’t serve as waterproofing for your property, as it’s primarily used in crafting. Thicker gauges require tin snips to cut but are commonly used for roofing applications.
In addition to its durability, copper flashing is popular because over time, the color will changes from bright and shiny to darkish green. This patina gives your property a sign of character.
Standing seam copper roofs are a popular choice for steep and low-slope roofs because they offer superior water shedding properties. The copper panels are soldered together at the seams, making them strong and watertight.
Copper roofing installation is a skilled trade best left to roofing professionals with experience installing copper roofing. This is especially true for ornamental installs, such as domes or irregularly shaped roof structures.
Copper is an architectural roofing material rather than structural, meaning there must be solid decking or closely-spaced battens installed to support the copper panels or shingles. Since typical fasteners and flashing are susceptible to corrosion and discoloration, roofers use copper fasteners and flashing when working with copper roofing.
FIND OUT MORE: Metal Roofing Installation
The cost of copper roofing is higher than most other types of roofing, such as asphalt shingles, tile, and steel roofing. However, copper roofs have been shown to last for more than a century, so it’s probably the last roof you'll ever buy for the building.
On average, the typical cost of a 2,500 sq. ft. copper roof is $44,144. Prices fluctuate depending on your location, the size and complexity of your roof, whether the old roofing material needs to be removed, the grade of material, and more.
There are a variety of finishes available for copper roofing, although copper is one of the few roofing materials that requires no protective finish at all.
It can take 5 to 15 years (or longer in some cases) for the desired blue-green patina color to take full effect. Certain chemicals can help accelerate this process, like ammonium chloride.
There’s no exact science to this acceleration process, and the geographic location greatly influences how well—if at all—the chemicals succeed at accelerating the patina process. Since it’s not an exact science and can actually hinder the quality of the patina finish, naturally-weathered patinas are often preferred.
If you prefer the natural, shiny look of copper, special coatings are available to protect the metal from developing the patina look. There are also waxes and oils available that helps prevent water from contacting the surface of the copper, inhibiting the weathering process to take place. These coatings must be reapplied periodically to prevent weathering of the copper.
Several copper roofing manufacturers are producing chemically-treated copper roofing products that come straight from the factory with a patina finish. Because these pre-patinated roofing systems are relatively new to the industry,real-worldd longevity, and quality testing is limited. At this point, natural weathering is the best option—you just have to be patient!
Hiring a qualified and experienced copper roofing contractor isn’t always easy considering it’s such a skilled trade. Hometown Roofing makes it easier by prescreening each and every roofing contractor so you can find a licensed and insured roofer that specializes in metal, and specifically copper, roofing.
Read our verified customer reviews of local roofing contractors to better help you decide on a quality contractor with a good standing in the community. You can also learn more about metal roofing by visiting our Metal Roofing FAQ page. A quality installation is the key to ensuring your copper roofing project withstands the test of time, so choosing the right roofing company is a top priority. | chemistry |
https://o2sensorreplacement.com/what-is-an-o2-sensor-a-comprehensive-guide/ | 2024-02-29T05:09:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474784.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229035411-20240229065411-00528.warc.gz | 0.932563 | 2,837 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__128790901 | en | Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the unsung hero of your vehicle’s emission system: the Oxygen (O2) sensor. This essential component may not be as widely talked about as the engine or transmission, but it plays a pivotal role in your car’s performance and environmental footprint. In the following sections, we’ll delve into the nitty-gritty of what an O2 sensor is, unravel the complexities of how it functions, and explain why it’s a crucial element for your car’s well-being. From recognizing the tell-tale signs that hint at a faulty O2 sensor to guiding you through the steps of replacing it, this post is designed to enlighten both car enthusiasts and everyday drivers. So buckle up as we embark on this journey to better understand the O2 sensor and ensure that your vehicle continues to run smoothly and efficiently.
What is an O2 sensor?
An O2 sensor, also known as an oxygen sensor or lambda sensor, is a critical component in the exhaust system of modern vehicles. Its primary role is to monitor the level of oxygen within the exhaust gases that are released from the engine. By doing so, it provides essential data to the vehicle’s Engine Control Unit (ECU), allowing it to adjust the air-fuel mixture for optimal combustion and efficiency.
The importance of an O2 sensor extends beyond mere fuel efficiency; it also plays a pivotal role in reducing harmful emissions. By ensuring that the fuel is burned properly within the engine, the sensor helps to minimize the release of noxious gases such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into the environment. Thus, it is not only a guardian of the vehicle’s health but also a proponent of environmental conservation.
Without a properly functioning O2 sensor, vehicles may experience a range of issues, including impaired performance, increased fuel consumption, and elevated emissions levels. This sensor has become a mainstay in emission control systems, particularly with the advent of stricter environmental regulations. Therefore, ensuring that the O2 sensor is in good working condition is vital to vehicle maintenance and operational integrity.
To grasp the significance of an O2 sensor in your vehicle, one must also understand its integration within the complex network of automotive systems. It’s not just about measuring oxygen levels; it’s about enabling real-time adjustments and achieving a balance that satisfies both power demands and environmental considerations. Through its constant vigilance, the O2 sensor embraces the role of a sentinel, tasked with the vital mission of optimizing vehicle performance while curtailing its ecological footprint.
How does an O2 sensor work?
An O2 sensor, also known as an oxygen sensor, plays a pivotal role in ensuring that your vehicle’s engine runs efficiently and complies with emissions regulations. Located in the exhaust system, it is responsible for measuring the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases as they exit the engine. Understanding how an O2 sensor works is essential for diagnosing issues that might affect the engine’s performance or the environment.
At the core of the O2 sensor operation is a zirconia ceramic bulb, which is coated on both sides with a thin layer of platinum. When heated to a certain temperature, this ceramic bulb enables the O2 sensor to generate a voltage based on the oxygen level differences in the exhaust and the outside air. This voltage signal is sent to the vehicle’s engine control unit (ECU), which interprets the signal and adjusts the air-to-fuel ratio entering the combustion chambers, aiming for what is known as the stoichiometric ratio (the ideal mix for complete combustion).
During the combustion process, if the air-to-fuel mixture is perfectly balanced, the O2 sensor will detect an optimum level of oxygen in the exhaust and produce a voltage around 0.45 volts. Should the mixture become too rich, meaning more fuel than necessary, the sensor’s output will drop below this threshold as oxygen content decreases. Conversely, a lean mixture, with too much air, increases the oxygen content and the voltage signal correspondingly. The ECU uses these fluctuations to constantly fine-tune the engine’s operation, often multiple times per second.
Lastly, it is vital for the O2 sensor to reach an adequate operating temperature, typically between 300 to 600 degrees Fahrenheit, to function correctly. Many modern sensors are equipped with an internal heater that helps reach this temperature quickly, which is particularly important during cold starts, ensuring that the engine’s emissions and performance are optimized from the moment you turn the key. Understanding the nuances of how an O2 sensor works aids in recognizing when this component may be failing and requires attention.
Why is an O2 sensor important for your vehicle?
The O2 sensor, formally known as the oxygen sensor, is a critical component in modern vehicles, playing an essential role in the engine’s emission control system. By accurately measuring the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas, the O2 sensor allows the engine’s control unit to adjust the air-fuel mixture to the optimum level, ensuring that the engine runs efficiently. This balance is vital not only for performance but also for the environment, as it helps to reduce harmful exhaust emissions.
A well-functioning O2 sensor can significantly improve your vehicle’s fuel efficiency. When oxygen levels in the exhaust are properly monitored and the combustion process is optimized, it prevents the engine from running too rich (excess fuel) or too lean (insufficient fuel). This precise control enables maximum fuel economy, saving you money at the pump and ensuring you get the most out of each gallon of gasoline you purchase. In this context, the sensor is an investment not only in your vehicle’s health but also in the cost-effectiveness of its operation.
Aside from economic considerations, the importance of an operational O2 sensor extends to environmental compliance. Vehicles are subjected to various emissions tests, and without a properly functioning sensor, your vehicle may release pollutants that exceed the legal limits imposed by environmental regulations. This could lead not only to fines but also to the vehicle failing mandatory inspections. Keeping the O2 sensor in good working condition is therefore also a matter of legal responsibility and contributes to the effort to reduce the automotive carbon footprint.
In the event of a faulty O2 sensor, a vehicle may experience a suite of issues—ranging from suboptimal performance, such as rough idling and misfiring, to critical problems that could lead to costly repairs if unaddressed. By ensuring that the O2 sensor is functioning correctly, you protect the engine from potential damage and prevent added stress on other components, such as the catalytic converter, which can be expensive to replace. In essence, the O2 sensor is a guardian of your vehicle’s health and longevity.
Common signs of a faulty O2 sensor
When your vehicle’s O2 sensor, also known as the oxygen sensor, starts to fail, it can cause various issues that affect your car’s performance and efficiency. One of the first signs of a faulty sensor is often a significant decrease in fuel economy. This occurs because the O2 sensor is responsible for calculating the correct air-to-fuel ratio, and when it malfunctions, your vehicle may burn more fuel than necessary, leading to wasted gas and more frequent trips to the fuel station.
Another common symptom is the dreaded check engine light. In many cases, when an O2 sensor is not working properly, it will trigger the check engine light on the dashboard. This is because the sensor’s readings are outside of the expected range, and the vehicle’s computer triggers a fault code that illuminates the warning light. However, since many other issues can also cause the check engine light to turn on, it is important to have your vehicle scanned for diagnostic trouble codes to confirm if the O2 sensor is the culprit.
A failing O2 sensor can also lead to rough idling or a rough running engine. This is due to incorrect air-to-fuel mixtures resulting from the inaccurate sensor data, which can cause the engine to hesitate or stumble during operation. The result of this can be felt as a general lack of power or performance, as the vehicle struggles to maintain a smooth operation, especially noticeable when accelerating from a stop or during driving at consistent speeds.
Lastly, if your vehicle begins emitting black smoke from the exhaust or has a stronger than usual sulfur or rotten egg smell, a defective O2 sensor may be at fault. This happens when the fuel mixture is too rich (meaning there’s too much fuel and not enough oxygen), leading to incomplete combustion and the production of excessive unburnt fuel and sulfur contaminants in the exhaust gases. It’s important to address these signs promptly as a malfunctioning O2 sensor not only affects performance and efficiency but can also cause damage to other components, such as the catalytic converter, leading to more costly repairs.
How to replace an O2 sensor in your car
Replacing the O2 sensor in your car is a critical maintenance task that ensures optimal engine performance and efficiency. The O2 sensor, also known as the oxygen sensor, plays a vital role in regulating the air-to-fuel ratio in your vehicle’s engine. While it may seem like a daunting task, with the right tools and a bit of patience, you can successfully replace the O2 sensor and keep your vehicle running smoothly.
Before attempting to replace the O2 sensor, you must first locate it. Typically, the sensor is found in the exhaust system, either before (upstream) or after (downstream) the catalytic converter. Ensuring you have ample space to work, safely elevate and support your vehicle using jack stands if necessary. Moreover, when handling the sensor, be mindful that the exhaust system could be extremely hot if you have driven the car recently.
Once you have located and allowed the O2 sensor to cool down, disconnect the sensor’s electrical connector. Employing an O2 sensor socket or a suitable wrench, carefully unscrew the old sensor. Often, it may require extra effort due to corrosion or threading challenges. Exercise caution and patience to avoid damage to the exhaust threads. Upon removal of the old sensor, compare it with the new one to ensure the correct type has been purchased, particularly in terms of the connector design and thread size.
Installation of the new O2 sensor is essentially the reverse of the removal process. Apply anti-seize compound to the threads of the new sensor if it is not pre-applied, but avoid getting any on the sensor element itself. Screw the new sensor into place and tighten it to the manufacturer’s specified torque, reconnect the electrical connector, and start your car to check for any error codes related to the O2 sensor. If all is well, you have successfully replaced the O2 sensor, which should lead to improved vehicle performance and potentially better fuel economy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What exactly is an O2 sensor as described in your guide?
An O2 sensor, also known as an oxygen sensor, is a device located in the exhaust system of a vehicle that monitors the oxygen levels in the exhaust gases. It provides real-time data to the vehicle’s computer, which then adjusts the fuel-air mixture to ensure optimal performance and emissions control.
Can you elaborate on how an O2 sensor functions according to your article?
The O2 sensor works by producing a voltage once it heats up to a certain temperature. This voltage is directly proportional to the amount of oxygen present in the exhaust compared to the ambient air. The vehicle’s computer uses this voltage to determine if the fuel mixture is rich (less oxygen) or lean (more oxygen) and adjusts the fuel injection accordingly for efficient combustion.
Why is maintaining a properly functioning O2 sensor crucial for a vehicle?
Maintaining a properly functioning O2 sensor is critical for several reasons. It ensures that the engine runs at peak efficiency, reduces harmful emissions, and can prevent premature engine wear or failure. A faulty sensor can lead to decreased fuel economy, increased emissions, and potential damage to other components, such as the catalytic converter.
What are some common indicators of a malfunctioning O2 sensor that drivers should be aware of?
Common signs of a faulty O2 sensor include a check engine light, poor gas mileage, rough engine idle, a decrease in power or acceleration, and sometimes even a rotten egg smell from the exhaust, which indicates a fuel mixture that’s too rich.
If a reader’s car requires an O2 sensor replacement, can they find a step-by-step guide in your article?
While the article provides an overview of the importance of the O2 sensor, it does not include a complete step-by-step guide for replacing one. It’s generally recommended that a professional mechanic handle the replacement due to the technical nature of the task and the need for proper diagnostic equipment.
How long can car owners expect their O2 sensors to last before they need a replacement?
O2 sensors typically have a lifespan of about 60,000 to 100,000 miles; however, this can vary based on driving conditions, vehicle maintenance, and the quality of the sensor itself. It’s a good practice to check the vehicle’s manual for the manufacturer’s recommended replacement intervals.
Can problems with an O2 sensor impact the vehicle’s emissions testing outcomes?
Yes, issues with an O2 sensor can significantly affect emissions testing, often causing a vehicle to fail the test. The sensor plays a key role in controlling the emissions, and if it’s not functioning correctly, the vehicle can release excessive amounts of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into the atmosphere. | chemistry |
https://hempseedbodycare.com/product/waterslide/ | 2020-02-17T12:49:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875142323.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217115308-20200217145308-00541.warc.gz | 0.727022 | 155 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__108339309 | en | Even though it’s water-based, there’s no sticky, goopy mess like other water-based personal moisturizers. That’s because there is no glycerin in it. WaterSlide rejuvenates itself when it comes into contact with moisture, whether it be your own lubrication or saliva, so you don’t need to reapply it.
Water slide is free of: Petroleum, Parabens, Phthalates, and Glycerin.
Water, Propanediol, Chondrus Crispus (Carrageenan), Citric Acid
Not Tested on Animals
No THC/Drug Free
Made in the USA
Free of Artificial Dyes
Free of Propylene Glycol | chemistry |
https://arbor.bio/founders/david-walt | 2019-11-12T04:24:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496664567.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112024224-20191112052224-00293.warc.gz | 0.942108 | 255 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__117397282 | en | David is Professor in the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, and is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor. David is the Scientific Founder of Illumina Inc. and Quanterix Corp and has co-founded several other life sciences startups.
David has published over 300 peer-reviewed papers and has over 75 issued US patents. He has received numerous national and international awards and honors for his fundamental and applied work in the field of optical microwell arrays and single molecules including the American Chemical Society Kathryn C. Hach Award for Entrepreneurial Success, Ralph Adams Award in Bioanalytical Chemistry, the American Chemical Society Gustavus John Esselen Award, Analytical Chemistry Spectrochemical Analysis Award, the Pittsburgh Analytical Chemistry Award, and the ACS National Award for Creative Invention. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, and a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. He received a BS in Chemistry from the University of Michigan and a PhD in Chemical Biology from SUNY at Stony Brook, and did postdoctoral studies at MIT. | chemistry |
http://www.hotpaella.com/Departments/Spanish-Food/Vinegar.aspx | 2017-04-30T12:53:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125532.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00342-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.977862 | 151 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__97120738 | en | Aged sherry and Rioja wine vinegars
For as long as wine has been made in Jerez, vinegar has been a by-product. In a sherry Bodega vinegar was seen as a failure, especially if too many of the butts turned. However from about the 1950s things started to change. Sherry vinegar is now even protected and is one of only three vinegars in the word with Denomination of Origin.
With advances in science sherry vinegar is no longer a mysterious and spontaneous occurrence and now the best vinegars are deliberately made, often by topping up butts already containing vinegar with sherry. The alcohol quietly converts into acid, which can take months, even years, in the cool bodegas. | chemistry |
https://aussiebattery.com/cr1620-battery-equivalents-and-specifications/ | 2024-04-24T21:50:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819971.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424205851-20240424235851-00473.warc.gz | 0.924886 | 1,513 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__127717398 | en | CR1620 Battery Equivalents and Specifications Guide
A CR1620 lithium non-rechargeable button battery is commonly found in car keys, watches, remote controls, toys, micro-LED flashlights, CMOS and motherboard batteries, and similar items. Most major battery brands manufacture the CR1620 battery, so finding a replacement should not be a challenge.
There is, however, some confusion among users due to the different labeling used by manufacturers. Read below for full equivalent CR1620 batteries.
Specifications and features of CR1620 batteries
CR1620 batteries are small and easy to carry around. These button/coin cells feature physical dimensions of (DxH) 16mm x 2mm (~0.62992 inches), hold a nominal voltage at 3 volts, but cutoff drops down to only 2 before dying out completely with no services left for your device–unless you can find another CR-series battery!
The CR1620 battery is typically discharged at a rate of 0.1 mA, with a maximum discharge rate of 1.0 mA – these values vary slightly between manufacturers. As a result of higher discharge rates, however, the battery’s actual capacity decreases.
There are various types of CR1620 manganese-dioxide lithium batteries, varying in self-discharge rate from 1-2% per year to 1% or less depending on the model, making these batteries suitable as a memory battery in various devices. Increasing the battery temperature, however, increases the self-discharge rate.
Batteries with the dimensions 16 x 2 mm and CR1620 (IEC standard) are commonly known as CR1620 and 5009L, while other labels exist as well, such as ECR1620, DL1620, VCR1620, etc. Even so, most manufacturers apply CR1620 labels as well.
CR1620 Battery Specifications
|Coin Manganese Dioxide Lithium Batteries
|Standard Discharge Current
|Operating Temperature Range
|-30℃ to 70℃
The benefits of LITHIUM COIN CR1620
- Mercury is not added
- Three-voltage power supply
- Temperature range (-30°C to +60°C):
- It has a very low self-discharge rate and up to a 10 year shelf life
- We offer a full range of products for a wide variety of uses
Power supply that is ultra-compact:
Lithium batteries are the future. Why replace something that is still working properly when you can just upgrade with one of these babies? They’re tiny, powerful and very convenient!
The LITHIUM COIN CR1620 has proven to be a reliable alternative for appliances in which conventional batteries aren’t suitable. They can be used for calculators, digital watches, laser pens, car keys, fitness appliances, memory backups, and medical devices such as clinical thermometers and tensiometers.
Self-discharge is extremely low:
Panasonic lithium coin CR1620 batteries hold 90% of their original charge even after 10 years because they are chemically very stable. Lithium and manganese dioxide are responsible for the chemical stability. All operating temperatures were verified in low-load discharge conditions for long-term discharge.
High reliability and safety:
Panasonic has repeatedly tested the performance and safety of its Lithium Coin CR1620. Temperature and other environmental factors were also taken into consideration. In addition to short-term accelerated tests, our battery performance has been corroborated by an abundance of long-term accelerated tests. What was the result? For their high level of safety and reliability, Panasonic batteries have been approved under the UL safety standards in the United States.
Batteries: BR1620 versus LiR1620 versus ML1620 versus CR1620
It is very uncommon to find BR1620, LiR1620, or ML1620 batteries in everyday life.It features a slightly higher capacity and lower drain current than the CR1620, but also has a significantly lower discharge rate and a wider temperature range than the BR1620 battery. Battery BR1620’s nominal voltage is between 2.8 and 3.0 volts, and the cutoff voltage is between 2.25 and 2.0 volts, depending on the exact chemistry.
LiR1620 batteries are rechargeable lithium batteries that have a lower capacity than CR1620 batteries, but they can be recharged multiple times. The LiR1620 battery’s nominal voltage ranges from 3.6-3.7 volts, and some devices designed for CR1620 batteries may not support the use of the LiR1620 battery. Approximately 5% of the LiR1620 battery’s capacity is lost each month due to self-discharge.
There is a rechargeable lithium manganese dioxide battery, called the ML1620, which has a 3.0 volt nominal voltage. It can be used rather than the CR1620. However, since the battery has a lower capacity and a higher self-discharge rate, it is rarely used.
A CR1620 battery is the best choice if you are looking for a coin battery that measures 16.0 x 2.0 mm.
CR1616 vs CR1620
It has the same diameter of 16.0 mm, but it differs in height, as well as they have different drain currents and other features: The CR1616 and CR1620 are both non-rechargeable manganese-oxide lithium batteries:
- Battery: CR1616, 16.0 x 1.6 mm, 50-55 mAh,
- Battery type CR1620: 16.0 x 2.0 mm, 65-80 mAh.
Despite the fact that most battery compartments that can accept CR1620 batteries are also capable of accepting CR1616 batteries, CR1616 batteries are not recommended since they have a lower capacity and have more small drain/pulse current limitations that might result in malfunctions.
Issues with CR1620:
In the same way as other small, shiny objects (including other button/coin cell batteries), CR1620 batteries can be swallowed by children and pets. That’s why these batteries are packaged in ‘pet-safe’ and ‘kid-safe’ packages.
While CR1620 batteries do not contain mercury, cadmium, lead, or any other toxic heavy metals or pollutants, swallowing them can harm internal organs and cause chemical burns.
Contact your nearest emergency center (or doctor) immediately after swallowing a CR1620 battery (or any battery that is similar). Explain what happened and follow their instructions. | chemistry |
https://tacomaweekly.com/daily-mash-up/initial-test-of-tacoma-well-showed-high-level-of-contamination-limited-number-of-people-exposed/ | 2020-02-23T01:47:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145742.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200223001555-20200223031555-00543.warc.gz | 0.975314 | 400 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__90789072 | en | Tacoma Water, in response to national and regional concerns, recently conducted voluntary testing for man-made chemicals, known as PFAS, at individual wells in its water system. A first test at Well 10C showed PFAS levels that exceeded the EPA Health Advisory Level of 70 parts per trillion; a second test at that well showed levels that were below the EPA Health Advisory Level.
The only people who may have received water with potentially elevated PFAS levels were those who went to the well at 7440 S. Cedar St. in Tacoma and filled their own containers. The closed well served as a source of unfluoridated water. Prior to the well’s closure, water from that well had been available to anyone at no cost via a spigot on the well building. Meter history indicates about 100 gallons of water per day were collected from that well. While there is no legal requirement to provide unfluoridated water, Tacoma Water provides an alternative location for unfluoridated water at 1614 99th St. E in the Midland area. Testing on that well showed PFAS levels far below the EPA Health Advisory Level.
Based on the results of the first test, Tacoma Water is notifying customers and have closed the well for additional testing and maintenance.
No PFAS were detected in water from the Green River, which serves all Tacoma Water customers with the vast majority of their drinking water. Test results since 2015, when PFAS testing began, indicate that Tacoma Water customers have only received water with PFAS levels significantly below the federal standard of 70 parts per trillion at their homes and businesses.
Tacoma Water notified and is working with the Washington State Department of Health and Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department to share information with the public about the higher PFAS level at Well 10C.
People with questions about water quality can email [email protected] or call our Water Quality team at 253-502-8207. | chemistry |
http://anti-aging-4-u.com/2015/07/15/a-patients-guide-to-dental-implant-titanium-posts-and-the-osseointegration-process/ | 2020-02-25T12:20:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146066.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225110721-20200225140721-00300.warc.gz | 0.958565 | 622 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__92984533 | en | If you are considering replacing your missing teeth with dental implants, then it is important for you to understand why titanium is the metal of choice for dental implant anchor posts. Unlike other metals, titanium has a unique ability to allow bone cells to attach to it, in a process known as osseointegration. Titanium is also a very safe metal to use in the human body for a variety of different reasons discussed below.
Dental Titanium Basics
Naturally occurring titanium is a very strong metal that is resistant to damage and is not rejected by the human body in the same way that other metals can be. Titanium is non-toxic to people and has been safely used for many years in artificial joints and orthopedic hardware. For these reasons, dental professionals use titanium and titanium alloys in a wide variety of dental applications, including the permanently installed anchor posts for dental implants.
Titanium Alloy Basics
In order to produce a lower-cost workable material, titanium metal is often mixed with other metals in a process known as alloying. Titanium for dental use is often mixed with the metals vanadium and aluminum, both of which are also safe for use in the human body. The resulting titanium alloy is safe for your body and has a unique characteristic known as osseointegration.
Titanium Alloys and the Osseointegration Process
In addition to their strength and non-toxic characteristics, titanium alloys are used in dentistry and medicine because of their ability to osseointegrate within bone cells. Osseointegration is a medical term that refers to the unique ability of bone cells to grow and attach to the foreign metal parts. Other dental-safe metals do not have this ability, so they are not preferable for use in dental implant posts. If other dental-safe metals were used for dental implant anchors, then they would not adhere as well as your jaw bone grows around them, and they would require replacement more frequently as they eventually wiggled their way loose.
Now that you understand the process of osseointegration and why titanium metal is chosen to make dental implant anchor posts, you can feel secure that the metal used in your dental implant posts is safe and will last a long time after osseointegrating into your natural bone. If you have additional questions about dental implants, then you should contact a cosmetic dentist, like those at Ahwatukee Foothills Dental, for a consultation appointment.
While it's true that aging and illness used to go in hand, today's medical advancements now mean we don't have to settle for that eventuality anymore. I'm already considering the aging process although I'm still middle aged because I intend to enjoy my later years with the best health possible. Living well and aging gracefully aren't just about maintaining your appearance, but also feeling as good as you can as you get older. I'm sharing what I discover in my personal quest with everyone here on this convenient website so we can all join together to cross into the golden years with our health intact. | chemistry |
https://atchen.me/research/2019/04/28/thermo-xcalibur-inclusion-list.html | 2023-03-27T20:30:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00198.warc.gz | 0.863153 | 2,696 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__200488035 | en | Targeted DDA in XCalibur
Table of Contents
- Building the List
- Running the Experiment
Running data-dependent acquisiton (DDA) mass spectrometry experiments in targeting mode is very powerful and desirable if you are trying to get around the bias towards more intense ions inherent in the data-dependent algorithm. For single cell proteomics methods (SCoPE-MS, mPOP) especially, where short methods and long injection times yield at most 10K MS/MS events per experiment, we may need targeting in order to analyze low-abundance pathways of interest.
Of course SRM/PRM methods are more sensitive, but they’re more limited in the number of proteins analyzed – targeted DDA is a nice middle ground to get what we want and a lot of it too.
MaxQuant.Live (link to manuscript) is a great alternative to targeted DDA in Xcalibur, but it does require some extra set-up and tuning. Targeting in Xcalibur is less powerful, but may be more convenient for some users.
Conventional DDA performs a survey scan (MS1 scan) on all ions passing through our MS, and then selects the N most intense ions (“Top N”) to analyze sequentially. It only will select an ion if it is not on an exclusion list and if it passes the AGC Min threshold. The algorithm will then accumulate the ion in an ion trap until either 1) the accumulation time hits the maximum injection time (IT) or 2) the number of ions hits the AGC Max threshold. Only then will the collected ions be released into the mass analyzer.
When we put DDA into targeting mode, we give it a list of ions to look at. Instead of picking the N most intense ions after a survey scan, it will pick the N most intense ions that are also on the provided list of ions. These ions still have to pass the AGC Min threshold and the accumulation procedure is the same for non-targeted DDA.
Building the List
Getting the Data
In order to tell the instrument to target ions, we must first identify them. You can build a targeting list from previous runs, but if these previous runs were run on conventional non-targeted DDA methods then we will be passing the instrument a list of the most abundant ions – defeating the purpose of running targeted DDA in the first place.
We want to analyze and sequence as many ions as we can, especially low-abundnce peptides that would normally be ignored by Top N DDA. We also want to match LC-MS/MS conditions as best as possible to the eventual targeted run, so fractionating or running a super-long gradient is not optimal.
To achieve this, we can:
1) Run the sample of interest a few times back-to-back, but before each run add the IDs from the previous run to an exclusion list. While the first run will select only the most abundant ions, each successive run will select less and less abundant ions. Generating an exclusion list is almost the same process as generating the inclusion list, which is explained below.
2) Run a bulkier sample with instrument settings tuned to maximize IDs at the expense of quantification quality. For low-abundance TMT sets, for example, this could mean decreasing the max injection time and tuning the NCE to maximize identifications instead of to maximize the number of TMT reporter ions (normally: 33 NCE → 28 NCE)
Generating the List
All we have to provide the MS with for targeted DDA is 1) the target m/z, 2) the retention time window, and 3) the target ion’s charge. These are all fields that we can find from search results, such as from the evidence.txt output from a MaxQuant search. Reformatting your data is then as simple as a short script or copy/pasting columns in Excel.
Our lab uses MaxQuant, but since many of our experiments are TMT-tagged, and since MaxQuant does not calculate masses and m/z correctly for TMT-labelled peptides, we have to calculate the mass on our own. I wrote a script to do this and a few other useful things, such as simple retention time alignment. You can find it here: https://gist.github.com/atc3/84c35bc900f746fa21a558e278efc67c
Running the Experiment
In XCalibur, open the Methods Editor and go to the tab for your mass spec. At the top of the MS method, click on “Global Lists”:
From here you can specify inclusion and exclusion lists, among others. Click on “Inclusion List” to edit the method’s inclusion list.
A dialog box should pop up with an excel-like editable table.
If you don’t want to enter in values manually, you can import a .csv (such as the one generated with my script linked above)
To turn inclusion on, simply set the “inclusion” parameter to on in the method properties sidebar.
One other important behavior is what the instrument should do when it can’t find anything on the inclusion list. Should it do nothing? Or go for other peaks anyways? To expose this option first switch into advanced user mode, in the method properties sidebar:
Then at the bottom you can choose your desired behavior.
Thanks to Ed Emmott for help & knowledge.
Inclusion List Format
Details taken from a QE-Plus software manual and the XCalibur help pages.
Mass [m/z]: Enter the mass-to-charge-ratio of the inclusion mass into the field (with a maximum of five decimals). NOTICE: If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, this field is automatically updated when you exit the editor.
Formula [M]: Use this field to describe the structure of the active compound. In addition to chemical formulas, you can enter amino acid sequences (one letter code) and peptide sequences (if they are structural terminated by H2O). The different ways of definition are called formula types. You can either enter the formula directly or use the Mass Calculator. To display this editor, click the down arrow in this field.
If more than one formula type for your input is possible, the Method Editor chooses the type with the highest priority (chemical formula > peptides > amino acids). Peptide sequences are marked by the prefix “p:” (for example, p: MRFA with m/z = 524.26496), amino acids by the prefix “aa:” (for example, aa: MRFA with m/z = 506.25440). Enter a prefix directly with the formula to ensure that the right type is applied.
Pay attention to the following restrictions:
• When you enter a valid formula, the Method Editor will set the default values for charge state (1) and Species (+H/-H). Then it will display an automatically calculated value in the Mass [m/z] field.
• When you enter a formula that the Method Editor cannot interpret, the Mass [m/z] field will stay empty. When you save the method, the Method Editor will warn you that the method is not in the shape to be executed (due to the missing m/z value). When you reopen the method, the Method Editor will display exactly the formula that was entered.
• When you enter a formula, The Method Editor requires a value for the charge state to calculate an m/z value. You can, however, save the method without specifying a charge state for the entry. When you save the method, the Method Editor will warn you that the method is not in the shape to be executed (due to the missing charge state). When you reopen the method, the Method Editor will display exactly the formula that was entered.
• Entries of compounds with calculated m/z values outside the measurement specifications of the mass spectrometer (m/z=50–6000) can be saved in an instrument method. The instrument software, however, will ignore these entries when it executes the method.
• When you change the m/z value that was calculated for the given set of formula, species and charge state, the Method Editor will clear the formula and species definition. The charge state will be preserved.
• When you change the polarity for a set of calculated m/z, formula, species and charge state, the Method Editor will clear the Mass [m/z] field if the species definition is not valid for this polarity. You then need to change the species definition.
Species: Use this text field to define adducts or modifications of the active compound that are expected to be formed. The default value is +H for positive polarity and –H for negative polarity. The Method Editor will then recalculate the value in the Mass [m/z] field, if possible.
The Species field can be used in two ways:
• Click the down arrow to display a list of predefined adducts for each polarity:
- +H, +Na, +K, +NH4 for positive polarity
- -H, +Cl, +OH, +HCOO for negative polarity
- an empty entry to express adducts (for example, radical cations) for both polarities.
The corresponding set will be displayed depending on the selected polarity.
Selecting an adduct (A) will result in the strict behavior of applying one unit A to the compound and using “+H” or “-H” adduct depending on the charge state and active polarity.
“+K” = [M + K+ + (z-1)H+]z+; for example, MRFA, +K, CS=2, positive pol. = [M + K++ H+]2+
Enter the modifications of the compound by using squared brackets and at least M as representation of the basic compound (for example, [M + Na + K] or [2M + Na]). The predefined adducts can be entered, too. This definition is used without additional auto dependencies, like adding protons.
NOTICE: If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, the Species field is automatically filled when you exit the editor.
CS [z]: Use this spin box to enter the charge state of the ion to be fragmented. The valid range is 1–25. The required collision energy for fragmenting an ion depends on its charge state. The higher the charge state, the lower the required collision energy. If this field is left blank, any charge state will be accepted, even unassigned.
NOTICE If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, this field is automatically updated when you exit the editor.
Polarity: Use this list box to toggle between positive ion and negative ion polarity. During a scan, the mass spectrometer uses only the inclusion masses with a polarity that matches the active ion mode.
NOTICE If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, this field is automatically updated when you exit the editor
Start [min]: Enter the start of the time window (in minutes) that corresponds to the mass in this row. Alternatively, you can enter a time in seconds (by appending the letter s) or in hours (by appending the letter h). The software automatically converts your input into minutes.
End [min]: Enter the end of the time window in minutes. Alternatively, you can enter a time in seconds (by appending the letter s) or in hours (by appending the letter h). The software automatically converts your input into minutes.
(N)CE: Use the spin box to enter a potential gradient in the HCD cell used to fragment ions. The default collision energy is 35 eV. In the list box, specify whether absolute collision energy CE [eV] is used or normalized collision energy NCE is used. The valid range is 10 to 200 eV for CE or 10 to 200 for NCE. In the list, the software adds the prefix “ce:” to collision energy values (for example, ce:35).
A high collision energy value results in more energy deposition (which generally leads to more fragmentation). A low collision energy value results in less energy deposition (which generally leads to less fragmentation).
MSX ID: Enter the number of the multiplexed scan event in which the inclusion mass was analyzed.
Comment: Enter a comment for the inclusion mass into the field (for example, the compound name). This field is optional.
← Back to home | chemistry |
https://www.epicbeautyboutique.com/products/reuzel-pliable-hold-fibre-pomade-holiday-set | 2023-09-22T18:53:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506421.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922170343-20230922200343-00292.warc.gz | 0.786145 | 538 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__213980982 | en | Reuzel Fiber Pomade creates hours of textured definition with a firm but pliable hold and a low shine finish. This product works best on shorter, medium to thick hair and is particularly effective on medium to thicker hair types. Add Reuzel Fiber Pomade to your hair to create texture and increase volume for a bedhead, disheveled look.
PLIABLE HOLD • NATURAL FINISH • WATER SOLUBLE
THE BREAK DOWN:
- Water Based Formula
- Strong Pliable Hold
- Natural Finish
- Controls Even The Curliest, Thickest, Most Unruly Hair Out There
- Keeps Hair In Place And Looking Great All Day
- Use More Product For Increased Hold
THE GET DOWN:
Rub a small amount evenly between your palms before working into the hair. Distribute evenly through aggressively towel dried or blow-dried hair and style as desired. Use more product for increased hold, style and texture. This water-soluble formula is easy to wash out of hair after a day’s use.
Longer hair or shorter hair, this product is perfect for any hair type. Made for the gentleman or the female who is looking for a more malleable, movable product, offering texture and volume with a natural, low shine finish.
REUZEL FIBER POMADE INGREDIENTS:
Water (Aqua), Lanolin Wax, Maltodextrin/VP Copolymer, Cetearyl Alcohol, PEG-8 Beeswax, Ceteareth-25, Glycerin, Tribehenin, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Fragrance (Parfum), Tridecyl Trimellitate, Dipentaerythrityl Hexacaprylate/Hexacaprate, Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Tridecyl Stearate, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Sorbic Acid, Aminomethyl Propanol, Carbomer, Sodium Anisate, PEG-45m, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract, Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Leaf Extract, Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail Root) Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Hydrolyzed Quinoa, Tocopherol Acetate, Benzyl Benzoate, Limonene | chemistry |
https://www.xzadl.com/en/product/191.html | 2024-04-17T08:38:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817146.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417075330-20240417105330-00502.warc.gz | 0.868396 | 222 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__159930960 | en | In view of the complex and changeable chemical waste water, the collection tank adopts the grid allocation method to stabilize the water quality and quantity.
For different types of chemical wastewater, targeted high-efficiency physical and chemical pretreatment is used to remove or reduce characteristic pollutants, decrease the impact of toxic substances on subsequent systems and improve the stability of the system.
Efficient air flotation equipment is adopted to further remove suspended particles and colloidal pollutants.
Adjustment of homogenization can further ensure the stability of wastewater and supplement the elements required by the biochemical system.
The inlet water distributor at the bottom of the high-efficiency anaerobic tower can evenly distribute water, and the reasonable rising velocity can effectively suspend the granular sludge and remove COD (chemical oxygen demand) from the wastewater.
Chemical waste water has high salt content, and salt-tolerant bacteria are added to the activated sludge in the aerobic tank to acclimate and improve the salt tolerance of the biochemical system.
Activated sludge method combined with membrane treatment process can realize wastewater reuse. | chemistry |
http://www.kalayaemuestate.com/catalog_i2229503.html?catId=114247 | 2013-05-23T12:51:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703317384/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112157-00067-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.907588 | 552 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__15392387 | en | 100% Natural Emu Products
|Purple Emu - Derma 50 - .5 oz|
[ enlarge ]
Derma 50 is a unique wound and burn care cream is a sterile product that is safe for open wounds and burns as well as bedsores and diaper rash. Derma 50 is an all-natural formulation combined with the remarkable transdermal effects of emu oil that carries it deep into the skin's layers to speed healing. Derma 50 will not clog pores, reduces scarring, stimulates the skin's immune system, and works as a mild local anesthetic and an anti-inflammatory.
Use Derma 50 two to three times daily to significantly hasten healing processes and enhance the quality of life for those with skin afflictions.
THE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF EMU OIL (50%)
Penetration enhanced for topical skin products
Rapid skin cell rejuvenation
Significant scar reduction
Does not clog pores
Stimulates skin immune system
Promotes faster healing due to rapid absorption
and OTHER NATURAL DERMA 50 INGREDIENTS
ZINC OXIDE has been used for many years in the treatment of literally hundreds of skin disorders. It contains a mild astringent and antiseptic action as well as an anti-fungal agent and is an effective preservative. Zinc is an essential mineral for healthy skin and Zinc oxide is made from zinc ore that is mined from the earth and purified for use in many skin treatments.
SULPHUR is a very effective germicide and fungicide that is used for many skin disorders. Will also kill bacteria on or in the skin.
TEA TREE OIL contains broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities, with perfect penetrating properties and low incidence of skin and irritation sensitivity.
SALICYLIC ACID is derived from the bark of the American Aspen tree and acts as a transdermal agent through the tough layer of the skin.
CAMPHOR produces a mild local anesthetic action.
CHAMOMILE is a softening agent for the skin.
MENTHOL a small amount is used to help relieve itching.
ALOE VERA is used for fast acting pain relief.
EUCALYPTUS OIL is used as an anti-inflammatory agent and also stimulates skin metabolism.
VITAMIN E is an excellent antioxidant.
Ingredients: Emu Oil, Water, Zinc Oxide, Tea Tree Oil, Salicylic Acid, Camphor, Camomile, Menthol, Aloe Vera, Eucalyptus and Vitamin E | chemistry |
https://www.pestfreeliving.ca/2017/06/24/ticks-causing-humans-to-become-allergic-to-meat/ | 2024-04-14T12:00:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414095752-20240414125752-00845.warc.gz | 0.941128 | 269 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__157688791 | en | This story published on JUNE 21, 2017 by National Geographic highlights the increased risk of Tick bites in summer months as we are likely to visit outdoor natural spaces.
Bite of a Lone Star Tick
This tick has a Texas-shaped marking on its back and when it bites and feeds off a cow or similar animal, it can ingest Alpha-Gal molecules in it’s blood meal.
And when, next, it bites a human, it can transfer these Alpha-Gal molecules into human blood stream causing human immune system to start keeping watch against it by creating Alpha-Gal antibodies. It changes human immune system posture towards this substance, which is present in most mammal meat. The Alpha-Gal sugar molecule is also present in some medications that use gelatins as stabilizers.
The illness manifests when humans experience reaction to eating meat!
This reaction is delayed as there it takes time for the meat ingestion to digestion pathway. It could be several minutes to hours when patients begin to experience hives, shortness of breath, vomiting, and diarrhea. So it may take a few such episodes to occur before people realize what ails them.
Repeated exposure to Tick bites can result in greater sensitivity.
If people are exposed to multiple bites, they may develop greater sensitivity to the ingestion of Alpha-Gal containing substances. | chemistry |
https://www.igib.res.in/?q=Sarika | 2017-04-29T21:31:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123590.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00489-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.883239 | 175 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__22790595 | en | Structural Biology Of Membrane Proteins
Sarika Chaudhary focuses on elucidating the mechanisms of membrane protein functions by performing structural and biochemical investigations via X-ray crystallography.
She aims to elucidate the:
- Molecular mechanism(s) of efflux pump transportation causing multi-drug resistance (MDR)
- Molecular determinants for substrate specificity
- Molecular mechanisms that govern targeting of membrane proteins to appropriate destinations, proper folding and insertion
She has a strong research emphasis on structural biology of membrane proteins. Her group focuses on the molecular and mechanistic characterization of transporters across the lipidic membrane, which present unique targets for pharmacological interventions. On a routine basis, structural, biochemical and biophysical investigations are carried out for the study of membrane proteins associated with several diseases, with a goal of developing novel therapeutics. | chemistry |
http://dual-teq.com/portfolio-item/mineralwood/ | 2021-08-04T14:44:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154878.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804142918-20210804172918-00611.warc.gz | 0.961391 | 185 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__249470044 | en | Though the individual fibers conduct heat very well, when pressed into rolls and sheets, their ability to partition air makes them excellent insulators and sound absorbers. Though not immune to the effects of a sufficiently hot fire, the fire resistance of fiberglass, stone wool, and ceramic fibers makes them common building materials when passive fire protection is required, being used as spray fireproofing, in stud cavities in drywall assemblies and as packing materials in firestops.
Other uses are in resin bonded panels, as filler in compounds for gaskets, in brake pads, in plastics in the automotive industry, as a filtering medium, and as a growth medium in hydroponics.
Mineral fibers are produced in the same way, without binder. The fiber as such is used as a raw material for its reinforcing purposes in various applications, such as friction materials, gaskets, plastics, and coatings. | chemistry |
https://www.usmayors.org/the-conference/business-council/mayors-business-council-profile/?category=0014N00003Pu0ZDQAZ | 2024-04-17T12:39:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817153.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417110701-20240417140701-00351.warc.gz | 0.938302 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__82945610 | en | American Chemistry CouncilDescription
The American Chemistry Council (ACC) represents more than 190 companies engaged in the business of chemistry - an innovative, economic growth engine that is helping to solve the biggest challenges facing our country and the world. Our members are the leading companies engaged in all aspects of the business of chemistry, from the largest corporations to the smallest, and everything in between. They are the people and companies creating the groundbreaking products that are improving the world all around us by making it healthier, safer, more sustainable and more productive.
Learn more at: https://www.americanchemistry.com/about-acc | chemistry |
https://richloomcontract.com/care/ | 2021-11-28T09:25:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358480.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20211128073830-20211128103830-00225.warc.gz | 0.861367 | 516 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__93775375 | en | Cleaning Code "W" - refers to fabrics that are man-made, e.g. nylon, herculon, acetate, olefin, and polyester. Cleaning Instructions: Spot cleaning is recommended using the foam from a water-based cleaning agent (mild soap or upholstery cleaner).
Cleaning Code "S" - refers to fabrics made from organic material, e.g. cotton, rayon, linen, wool, and silk. Also include in this category: denim, velour, brocade, tapestry, damask, acrylic, and plaid. Cleaning Instructions: Spot cleaning is recommended using a mild, water-free solvent, or dry-cleaning product.
Cleaning Code"W/S" - Cleaning Instructions: Spot cleaning using either of the above.
Cleaning Code"X" - Cleaning Instructions: Fabrics should be cleaned only by vacuuming or light brushing. Water or solvent-based cleaning agents should NOT be used.
If it is Fortress Indoor/Outdoor Performance Fabric...
For Normal Stains:
Remove any loose dirt. Prepare a mixture of cold to lukewarm water (do not exceed 100° F) and mild soap. Rub in mixture with a soft brush and allow the mixture to thoroughly soak into the fabric. Rinse well with water and air dry. Do not machine dry.
For Stubborn Stains:
Remove as much surface dirt as possible. Soak fabric for 1 hour in a mixture of 1 gallon cold water, 1/2 cup bleach, and 1/2 cup mild soap. Rub in mixture with a soft brush and rinse thoroughly with cold to lukewarm water and air-dry. Never use water over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Do not machine dry. Detergents can be used on Fortress Performance Indoor/Outdoor without harm; it may however remove some of the water and stain resistant properties. If this is important to you, a simple spraying of a post cure fluorocarbon will restore these properties. Please follow the instructions on the package. These sprays can be obtained through a dry cleaning supply store or stores that sell marine related products.
For more information on cleaning, please contact your sales representative
Passes Cold Crack
Soft & Comfortable
U/V Fade Resistant
Water & Stain Resistant | chemistry |
https://www.wellnesscentercasanova.it/en/spa/spa-light | 2023-12-05T08:08:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100550.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205073336-20231205103336-00571.warc.gz | 0.899234 | 234 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__246174853 | en | Live the unique experience of Water Circuit, hydrotherapy circuit in salt water with natural micro-components. The trace elements dissolved are: chlorine, sodium, and sulfate. The osmotic effect determined by the saline solution on the skin eliminates toxins from subcutaneous tissue, allowing for better oxygenation.
Furthermore, the presence of potassium chloride has a slight diuretic effect, therefore, promoting the elimination of excess fluid, with a consequent decrease in swelling of the lower limbs. Tissue affected by microcirculation problems, as occurs with cellulite, leads to considerable benefits. The water temperature positively influences cellular exchanges and chemical reactions, especially the lysis of adipose tissue. Skin becomes smoother and softer to the touch, due to the osmotic effect of the salt.
The circuit includes:
- Large pool of Sodium Chloride water at 32°C./34°C. with 18 air-water jets, Geysers, Falls, and Whirlpool.
- Whirlpool bath at 34°C. with water jets and Watsu
- Finnish Sauna at 80°C.
- Foot Spa Circuit | chemistry |
https://www.futtermedicus.com/good-to-know/support-for-joint-problems | 2023-12-01T07:16:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100276.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201053039-20231201083039-00860.warc.gz | 0.90082 | 458 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__132200328 | en | What can we do when the joy of movement is limited, for example in old age, because walking and standing up is no longer possible without pain?
There are various natural preparations that can be given to support joint function. However, there are no scientifically conclusive study results on this. You should therefore test such a supplement for 6-8 weeks.
Omega-3 fatty acids:
The omega-3 fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are essential for dogs. These fatty acids are involved in the formation of hormone-like substances which, among other things, play a role in the metabolism of inflammation. EPA and DHA are found in abundance in fish and omega-3 oils and in concentrated form in salmon oil capsules. Increased intake (2 to 3 times the requirement) is recommended to support joint function.
Glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs for short, are linear acidic polysaccharides consisting of repeating binary sugars. Along with elastic fibres and collagen fibres, GAGs are important building blocks of articular cartilage. They are characterised by their ability to bind a large amount of water. The bound water forms a flexible and dynamic structure that allows the cartilage to react like a sponge and have a shock-absorbing effect.
Depending on the composition of the sugar units, a distinction is made between four main groups:
- Chondroitin sulphate -> important for cartilage function.
- Hyaluronic acid -> main component of joint fluid
- Keratan sulphate
- Heparin/heparan sulphate
Chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid are particularly important for joint function.
Natural products such as green-lipped mussel extract or glucosamine contain plenty of GAGs and can therefore support your dog with joint problems.
Collagen, which is contained in gelatine, can also have a regenerative effect on cartilage and is therefore used for arthrosis, overloading of joints and problems in the musculoskeletal system.
image credits: © Giel Bildwelten - Bild-Nr. 055574 | chemistry |
http://www.canatu.com/products/ | 2013-05-20T04:27:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698289937/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095809-00037-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.905872 | 337 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__191794834 | en | Custom films and sensors for flexible and formable touch devices
Latest News at Canatu
Canatu's products are based on a proprietary platform technology involving unique carbon nanomaterials and novel Roll-to-Roll production methods for their synthesis and patterned deposition.
Canatu produces and sells custom films and sensors for flexible and formable touch screens, displays, and touch sensitive surfaces. Canatu's products address the following drivers in today’s electronics industry:
- Differentiation via new design and functionality
- Cost saving
- Protecting the environment
Canatu's products enable exciting touch features on flexible and 3D shaped devices with a simple device structure that results in thin form factor and clear costs benefits. Canatu helps replacing the currently widely used transparent conductive material Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) which contains the toxic and increasingly scarce rare earth metal, indium.
Canatu sells its touch sensors directly to touch module vendors and display manufacturers for on-cell integration. The touch sensor typically consists of a plastic substrate (e.g. PET) with one or more patterned Carbon NanoBud® transparent conductor layers and auxiliary film layers such as patterned metallic conductor traces. Touch modules with cover glass, mechanics, controller IC, and electronics on the flexible circuit board are manufactured and sold by Canatu's touch module customers. Canatu's sensors are typically designed to meet custom specifications by Original Equipment Manufacturers and Canatu's direct customers.
Today, Canatu's sensors are produced on flexible plastic substrate such as PET. These sensors are delivered in sheet or roll form. Canatu is currently developing processes for producing sensors on glass substrates. | chemistry |
https://airedaleyarns.co.uk/index.php/kits/hot-water-complete-dye-kit-for-animal-yarns-gift-bag-soft-british-wool-roving-yarn.html | 2020-07-14T15:20:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655897168.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714145953-20200714175953-00237.warc.gz | 0.8712 | 404 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__236010580 | en | WHAT IS IT?
This Acid Starter Dye Kit includes everything to get you started on the exciting journey that is dyeing. Acid Milling dyes are hot water dyes and are just what you need to dye animal or protein based yarns, fibres, fabrics and even feathers.
The kit contains full instructions, 25g each of 6 full intermixable Easifix All in One acid milling dyes, shade creator, pipettes, disposable gloves and 200g of pure wool so you can start straightaway.
Presented in a cute rustic jute bag to create a lovely gift for a budding beginner dyer.
WHAT'S IT FOR?
Dye an incredible 1kg – 5kg of yarn or fabric depending on the strength of colour you require.
Mix the dyes to create a complete rainbow of shades and dye solid colours or play around with space-dyeing to make your own totally unique colour combinations.
Hot water dyes such as Acid Milling dyes are for dyeing protein fibres which originate from animals, so use on wool, silk, mohair, alpaca, cashmere, angora, fur, feathers and even nylon.
The yarn in this kit is a pure British wool pencil roving style yarn which is lovely and soft, but treat it gently so it doesn’t felt when you are stirring. As it's super chunky it's perfect for quick and easy hats, scarves and cowls.
WHY SHOULD I BUY IT?
Rather than shop bought colours mix your own unique colour palette for one-off combinations.
|Search Key||Acid Dye Kit|
|Main Fibre Content||Mixed Blend|
|Skill Level||Beginner. Everything you need to get starting with dyeing.|
|Other Requirements||A kitchen, hob and pans, lots of space and time!|
|Washing Instructions||Gentle Hand Wash| | chemistry |
https://www.planetnails.com.au/15ml-cupcake-lastik-one-coat-colour-soak-off-uv-le | 2024-02-26T11:10:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474659.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226094435-20240226124435-00376.warc.gz | 0.867851 | 338 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__5699248 | en | 15ml - CUPCAKE LASTIK - One Coat Colour - Soak Off UV/Led Gel
15ml CUPCAKE Lastik One Coat Colour Gel
Lastik One Coat Colour is a highly pigmented coloured flexible rubber base gel. This product is best applied in thin coats.
*Provides intense one coat colour that never lifts, chips or peels.
*Provides intense durability with great adhesion.
*Can be used under ACRYLIC/HARD GEL/ICONIC as a base coat for clients struggling with lifting
*Cures with a tacky layer
*Dual Cure formula: LED (90sec), UV (3min)
Can be used as a coloured rubber base coat under nail enhancements, as a strengthening colour coat over enhancements, or can be applied in thin coats for a long-lasting gel polish manicure.
For best results we recommend curing for 90 sec in the PN Speciality Dual Cure lamp. Being a highly pigmented gel, you may find that it may need to be cured a little bit longer. The age/make of your lamp may affect cure times. If you’re not using the PN Speciality Dual Cure Lamp, you may have to cure this product for up to 3mins per layer.
This is a coloured gel and not a gel polish- the viscosity is similar to gel. The viscosity of this product can be affected by ambient temperature- if it is cold the product will be thicker and if it is warm the product will be thinner. This product applies easier when it is warm as it needs to be applied in thin coats. | chemistry |
https://backreaction.blogspot.com/2007/12/phase-diagram-of-water.html?m=1 | 2021-06-19T22:25:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487649731.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210619203250-20210619233250-00448.warc.gz | 0.926199 | 1,339 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__34185852 | en | Matter comes in different forms, we learn at school: solid, liquid, and as gas. December days in Canada give us plenty of occasions to experience these different forms of matter - phases, as they are called in physics and chemistry - in the case of water: ice and snow, the both annoying and beautiful appearances of solid water, the liquid form in rain and fog, and if the Sun succeeds to disperse the fog, tiny water droplets have evaporated, and the water has been transformed into invisible gas.
Ice melts at a temperature of 0°C (or 273.15 Kelvin), and water boils at 100°C (or 373.15 Kelvin). However, to be precise, these melting and boiling temperatures are not fixed - they depend on the ambient pressure. On top of a mountain, say the Puy de Dôme, air pressure is lower than in the lowlands, and as consequence, water boils at temperatures below 100°C.
To get a better overview how the occurrence of the different phases of water - solid ice, liquid water, gaseous vapour - depends on temperature and pressure, it's a good idea to plot in a diagram the transition lines between the different phases as a function of these two parameters. Such a diagram is called a phase diagram. And a simplified version of the phase diagram of water looks like this:
The x-axis of the diagram shows the temperature T in units of Kelvin (K). Keep in mind that 0°C = 273.15 K and 100°C = 373.15 K - both temperatures are marked by the grey vertical lines. The y-axis shows the pressure p in units of Megapascal (MPa), where 0.1 MPa = 1000 hPa = 1000 mbar and the standard atmospheric pressure is 1013 mbar. Since pressure covers a huge range of values from the very small to the very large, a convenient way to represent this is the usage of a logarithmic scale. Thus, the phase diagram manages to represent pressure from 1/100.000 of ambient pressure to 1 million times ambient pressure. Ambient pressure is marked by the horizontal grey line.
The blue line in the diagram is the melting line - it separates ice from liquid water - and the light-blue line the boiling line, which divides liquid and gaseous water. The green line is the so-called sublimation line, across which ice transforms directly to the gaseous states, without the intermediate step of liquid water. All three lines meet at one point (marked by the black dot) which is called the triple point - at this value of temperature and pressure, all three forms of water can coexist. At sufficiently high pressure, water solidifies even at temperatures well above room temperature: these transitions to different sorts of ice (distinct by the respective crystal structures) are shown as the red and orange line. Trying to understand these different phases of ice is a topic still under investigation, both by experiment and by theory.
One feature of the diagram might seem strange at first sight: The boiling line separating liquid and gaseous water ends at one point. This is a very generic feature of all liquid matter: At high enough pressure, the distinction between liquid and gas gets lost - essentially, the difference in density between gas and liquid becomes zero, and the latent heat of condensation/evaporation vanishes. The end point of the boiling line, marked by the grey dot, is called the critical point. If temperature and pressure can be chosen such that the fluid is very close to the critical point, it will develop bubbles of gas containing small droplets of liquid containing small bubbles of gas... and as a result of bubbles and droplets of many different sizes, covering the range of wavelengths of visible light, the system becomes opaque. This quite spectacular effect is called critical opalescence.
But of course, we can also recover our mundane everyday experience with water in the diagram: If we increase temperature at constant ambient pressure, following the horizontal grey line, we cross the blue melting line at 0°C, and the light-blue boiling line at 100°C - that's the melting of ice and the boiling of water as we know it. And we see that if ambient pressure is reduced, for example during stormy weather or on top of a mountain, the crossing of the horizontal line and the boiling line shifts to lower temperature: Water will boil at temperatures below 100°C. At a height of 2000 m above sea level, for example, water boils at about 94°C - things to keep in mind if boiling an egg on a mountain.
If you look closely, you can note that the blue melting line is slightly inclined, meaning that with increasing pressure, the melting temperature drops slightly. This effect is often invoked as an explanation for the low friction of skates on ice: The pressure applied by the weight of the skater reduces the melting temperature of ice, causing a thin film of liquid water, on which the blade of the skate glides nearly without friction, or so goes the story. This, however, is not the whole truth: the small, pressure-induced reduction of the melting temperature is not sufficient to produce this effect. While it's correct that the reduction of friction is caused by a slippery film of water on the surface of the ice, this film is created by complicated mechanisms whose details are still under debate.
So, an elementary plot such as the phase diagram of water can still hide some surprises and riddles for us.
Phase diagram data via www.chemicalogic.com. Source for the sublimation and melting lines: W. Wagner, A. Saul, A. Pruß: International Equations for the Pressure along the Melting and along the Sublimation Curve for Ordinary Water Substance, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, No 3 (1994) 515 (PDF file from NIST). Source for the saturation line: IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-IF97).
You can find much more about the phase diagram of water - and about the properties of water in general - at Water Structure and Science by Martin Chaplin.
The physics behind the slickness of ice has been discussed by Robert Rosenberg in Why Is Ice Slippery?, Physics Today, December 2005, pages 50-55 (doi 10.1063/1.2169444, subscription required).
This post is part of our 2007 advent calendar A Plottl A Day. | chemistry |
https://ethosonline.co/cannabis-vs-hemp/ | 2020-11-24T18:19:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141176922.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124170142-20201124200142-00318.warc.gz | 0.966941 | 543 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__97167927 | en | Different Plant Origins
Both hemp oil and medical cannabis oil come from a species of plant called cannabis sativa. Humans have farmed cannabis sativa for thousands of years1. Early civilizations selectively bred plants with certain traits, and, over time, this produced a number of distinct strains within the species.
Strong, tall plants were grown to make food and textiles; today this strain is known as hemp. Flowering plants with psychoactive properties were grown for recreational and medical purposes; this strain is commonly referred to as medical cannabis, marijuana or simply cannabis.
Hemp oil is made from hemp plants which have a high fibre content and very low concentrations of pharmacologically active compounds (cannabinoids). Medical cannabis oil comes from cannabis plants with large, cannabinoid-containing flowers, but very little fibre2.
Seeds vs. Flowers
In addition to being sourced from different strains of cannabis sativa, hemp oil and medical cannabis oil are made from different parts of the plant. Hemp oil comes from the seeds of the hemp plant, similarly to almond, flaxseed or sunflower oil, whereas medical cannabis oil is most commonly made from the flowering head of the cannabis plant. Medical cannabis oil can also be produced from cannabis leaves and stems, however the flowering head contains the highest concentration of cannabinoids2.
In most countries, growing hemp is restricted to plants with less than 0.2% THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound in cannabis4. Moreover, research has shown that the seeds from which hemp oil is produced contain no cannabinoids at all3. Therefore, hemp oil is not useful for medical purposes and does not cause psychoactive effects.
However, hemp oil does have nutritional benefits. It is made up of more than 80% polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in hemp oil is considered optimal for health5.
On the other hand, medical cannabis oil contains high concentrations of pharmaceutically active cannabinoids. Cannabis plants contain approximately 400 chemical compounds, 60 of which are cannabinoids6. THC and CBD (cannabidiol) are the most abundant cannabinoids; the exact proportions present in the oil will depend on the variety of plant from which it was extracted.
One exception of note is CBD oil derived from hemp plants. This is generally produced in countries where growth of medical cannabis is restricted, but CBD is not legally controlled. As other parts of the hemp plant such as leaves and stems can contain small amounts of the non-psychoactive cannabinoid CBD (cannabidiol), these may be used to create a pharmaceutically active oil referred to as hemp oil or simply CBD oil. | chemistry |
https://mydiagnostics.in/products/covid-19-antibody-gt-cmia-and-clia-from-thyrocare | 2021-11-30T05:49:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358953.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130050047-20211130080047-00496.warc.gz | 0.931644 | 1,087 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__194644351 | en | COVID-19 Antibody IgG & Total - CMIA and CLIA from Thyrocare
Sample Type: Blood (Home Collection)
Prescription Required: No
Fasting Required: No
Reporting Time: 24 hours
Thyrocare COVID-19 Antibody Test is ICMR approved and accurate method of detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in your blood.
Test contains -
- COVID Antibody IgG - Using CMIA Method
- COVID Antibody Total - Using CLIA Method
Coronavirus antibody tests look for the presence antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 illness. Antibodies are produced by the body's immune system during COVID-19 and start to become detectable around 7 days after symptoms start and increase over time.
COVID-19 Antibody Test meaning
COVID-19 antibody test identifies if a person was covid positive in the past, and has developed antibodies against it. This antibody test is recommended for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients exposed to coronavirus positive or suspected cases.
CMIA and CLIA test meaning
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer (CLIA) and Chemiluminescent Magnetic Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) are highly sensitive serological testing techniques for coronavirus detection.
What does positive result means
A positive result means that IgG antibodies to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in your blood has been detected that it is highly likely that you have been infected with coronavirus in the past
What does negative result means
This means that it is very unlikely that you have been infected with the virus in the past. However, you may get a negative result if you took the test too soon i.e. before antibodies have reached detectable levels.
|Total Antibody||IgG Antibody||Interpretation|
Exposed & Antibody developed
Antibody not yet developed, May or may not be exposed.
Repeat after one month
Antibody Levels over a period of infection
PLEASE NOTE : This is not a confirmatory RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 to detect the presence of Virus
For Confirmatory test click here
- Antibodies are made by our immune system in response to a threat, such as a specific virus or bacteria to help fight infections.
- Antibodies develop after a few days or weeks in response to the infection, and an antibody test detects the presence of antibodies to the specific virus.
- Covid-19 antibody test looks for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 illness.
- The COVID 19 total antibody test will collect your blood sample at home to check for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies.
- This test is approved by the ICMR Lab
- Those individuals who think they may have had COVID-19.
- Those who have been infected with the COVID-19 virus have developed specific antibodies to the COVID-19 virus which might provide protection from getting infected with the virus again.
- To check whether your immune system has responded to coronavirus infection in the past.
- No fasting is required
- There should be no change in clinical practice or use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by responders who test positive for the SARS-CoV-2 antibody or as a precautionary measure.
- No prescription is required.
Can covid 19 testing be done at home?
Yes, the COVID-19 antibody test can be done at the convenience of your home.
Can covid 19 testing be done through blood work?
Yes. Collection of blood samples for Covid Testing have produced accurate results and are considered to be an alternative to swab tests.
Does covid 19 testing detect antibodies ?
Yes. The antibody testing for COVID-19 shall detect the presence of antibodies in your blood. However, the results shall only convey if you had an infection in the past, and if you have the chances of being infected again.
How are covid 19 testing done?
Covid 19 testing can be done by 3 ways :
Molecular tests: Also known as Viral testing, they are conducted by nasal or throat swab or using saliva in very few cases. It is considered to be very highly accurate and detects the presence of coronavirus infection currently.
Antigen Test: Known as Rapid Diagnostic Tests, conducted only by nasal or throat swab.
The test diagnoses active coronavirus infection. Positive results are very accurate, however, negative results have to be rechecked with molecular testing.
Antibody Test: Also known as Serological Test, conducted by blood draw or finger prick. The test diagnoses if you had been infected with the coronavirus in the past. | chemistry |
https://glassandaluminum.ca/faqs-commercial-glass-solutions/ | 2024-03-01T13:22:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475311.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301125520-20240301155520-00555.warc.gz | 0.938043 | 671 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__197089839 | en | As industry leaders in the commercial glass and aluminum sectors, we possess the knowledge, expertise, and innovative thinking required to meet your every need.
Heat Strengthened Glass
Glass can be strengthened through thermal tempering, where the glass is heated and then rapidly cooled to create compressive stress on the surface, or through chemical strengthening, where the glass is immersed in a molten salt bath and exchanged with larger ions to increase its strength.
Heat-strengthened glass has improved fire resistance compared to annealed glass, but it is not as fire-resistant as fully tempered or laminated glass.
One way to identify tempered glass is to look for small, square-shaped marks called “temper spots” on the surface of the glass.
Tempered glass is very durable and can withstand significant impacts without breaking.
The purpose of insulating glass is to improve energy efficiency by reducing heat transfer through windows and helping to maintain a more consistent indoor temperature.
The life expectancy of insulating glass can vary depending on factors such as quality of materials and installation, but a well-maintained insulated glass unit can last 20 years or more.
Low E Glass
Low-E glass helps to reduce heat transfer and improve energy efficiency by reflecting heat back into the room during winter and blocking heat from entering during summer.
Low-E grade glass refers to glass that has a low-emissivity coating applied to it, which helps to enhance its energy-saving properties.
Fire ratings for glass are determined based on the duration of time that the glass can withstand exposure to fire. The most common fire ratings for glass include 20 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. These ratings indicate the amount of time the glass can maintain its integrity and prevent the spread of fire.
The cost of fire-rated glass can vary depending on several factors, including the type of fire rating, size, thickness, and any additional features or customization. It is best to consult with suppliers or contractors to obtain accurate pricing information based on specific project requirements.
Monolithic glass is a single pane of glass, while IGU (Insulated Glass Unit) consists of two or more panes of glass separated by a spacer.
Monolithic glass can range in thickness from 2mm to 25mm or more, depending on the application.
Spandrel glass is opaque and typically has a ceramic frit coating to conceal the building’s structural elements and building systems.
Spandrel glass provides thermal insulation, sound insulation, and UV protection. It also adds aesthetic appeal to a building by creating a uniform appearance.
The lifespan of laminated glass can vary depending on various factors, but it is generally expected to last for at least 20-30 years.
The thickness of laminated glass can vary depending on the intended use, but it is generally recommended to use a minimum thickness of 6 mm for safety and security.
Point Supported Glass
A point-supported glass system, also known as a spider glass system, is a type of curtain wall system that uses small stainless-steel fittings to hold glass panels in place.
It works through mechanical fasteners or fittings that directly connect the glass panels to the building’s structure, allowing load transfer and stability. | chemistry |
https://www.genxsoft.info/technology/do-you-know-scientists-use-iron-to-turn-carbon-dioxide-into-jet-fuel/6118/ | 2022-05-28T23:11:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663021405.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528220030-20220529010030-00088.warc.gz | 0.945541 | 265 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__159988460 | en | Carbon dioxide (CO2) is of course the same greenhouse gas flooding Earth’s atmosphere via the exhaust of jet engines and nearly anything else that burns fossil fuels. So, if this new chemical reaction can successfully turn CO2 into fuel for airplanes it could help reduce the carbon footprint of the aviation industry, which currently accounts for 12 percent of all global transportation carbon emissions.
It is noted that researchers have tried to turn CO2 into fuel in the past but that the chemical reactions that emerged from these efforts required rare and expensive catalysts such as cobalt. By contrast, the strength of this new technique is in large part due to its use of a relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain iron-based powder.
The iron catalyst allows the carbon atoms in the CO2 molecules to detach from oxygen and form bonds with the hydrogen atoms inside the reactor. These new hydrogen-carbon molecules, called hydrocarbons, are the same molecules that make up jet fuel. Meanwhile, most of the remaining oxygen atoms also hitch themselves to hydrogen atoms to become water.
According to the researchers, their process could open the door to carbon-neutral air travel, because burning jet fuel made in this way would release the same amount of carbon dioxide used to manufacture the fuel. | chemistry |
https://dev.ordergn.com/category/blog/ | 2019-10-15T23:45:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660829.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015231925-20191016015425-00060.warc.gz | 0.947016 | 1,401 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__83829153 | en | There is a heated debate regarding terminology and differences between cannabis oil extracts. Rick Simpson Oil (RSO), whole plant medicine, and Full Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO); what is the difference and how can you benefit from using one over the other?
Let’s get one thing straight, FECO can always be RSO, but RSO is not always FECO. To understand this we need to first understand how RSO and FECO are made, what their applications are, and their key differences.
What are full extract cannabis oils?
To keep it as simple as possible, FECO products are the concentrated compounds of the cannabis plant. The cannabis flower and sometimes the leaves are used to make the oil extracts to allow patients to receive the maximum benefits from the entire cannabis plant.
How is cannabis oil made?
Each producer of cannabis oil has a different technique and extraction method. Depending on the extraction method, consistency in appearance and contents will vary. This is why the debate can get heated surrounding the names given to each cannabis oil.
Cannabis oil is made using a solvent to separate the plant matter from the cannabis or plant resin to create a hyper-concentration of cannabinoids. Depending on the solvent and strain used, and extraction method, you will produce a different product with varying degrees of cannabinoid and terpenoid potency.
How do cannabis oils work?
Because cannabis oils are made as a whole plant medicine they work naturally with the body’s endocannabinoid system. Cannabis oils work by saturating the endocannabinoid system with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD, among others, to promote homeostasis in the body.
Cannabis oils, unlike other cannabis concentrates, are taken orally (usually from a syringe) which makes them more bioavailable. What does that mean? Bioavailability is important when medicating with cannabis because it determines how much of the medicinal matter is getting absorbed, entering circulation directly after being introduced into the body, and able to have an active effect.
Why is RSO different from FECO
The traditional method of extracting the cannabis oil from the plant matter, as outlined by Rick Simpson, strips the oil of all of its terpenes while FECO products keep all cannabinoid and terpenoid properties. This is primarily due to the solvent used during extraction. If you follow Rick Simpson’s at home extraction methods, which we do not recommend for safety reasons, you won’t be getting a FECO product. Instead, you could be getting a product that includes residue and traces of the solvents.
Why should you care that all of the plant’s qualities remain intact? Contrary to what Rick Simpson believes, terpenes play a big role in how the plant interacts with your biochemistry and aids in amplifying the cannabis plant’s therapeutic value. Terpenes not only give the cannabis the aroma’s we experience but depending on the concentration of certain terpenes, your cannabis will make you feel very differently.
Terpenes: What Are They & Why We Love Them
Terpenes are the essential oil compounds that exist in all plant matter, making them non-exclusive to cannabis, but they play a big part in how we use medical cannabis. In the cannabis plant, terpenes are produced in the same glands that produce THC and CBD and make up part of the flower’s sticky resin. They are what give plants their aromatic diversity and why certain strains have such unique scent profiles that we have come to identify with. Each terpenoid is also attributed to the effects we love in every cannabis strain.
More cannabis doctors and nurses are looking to terpene profiles to incorporate into what they recommend to their patients to alleviate ailments. Like cannabinoids (THC and CBD), terpenes bind to receptors in the brain and produce a variety of effects. However, when combined with other other compounds, terpene effects may change in their presence. We call this the entourage effect which makes medicine more effective; not only in potency but in its ability to target specific pain points on patients. For example, the piney aroma we love from Jack Herer is caused by the presence of pinene. Pinene is the reason why Jack wakes you up and keeps you alert while its medicinal benefits are the key to treating inflammation and pain.
Extraction and Choice of Solvents
To make a FECO product, you have to choose a solvent that will help retain as many of the terpenoids, flavonoids, and cannabinoids as possible. Rick Simpson’s method calls for isopropyl alcohol, naphtha or petroleum ether which destroys all of the natural terpenes. Not to mention those solvents are considered harmful, are flammable, and in some cases can be neurotoxic. These solvents are also considered cancer hazards in their material safety data sheets (MSDS). Many producers that opt to go this route sometimes add terpenes to the extracted product, but because of the solvent used, only limited beneficial scent molecules.
A quality full extract cannabis oil (FECO) is typically produced with food-grade ethanol. This solvent has been proven to retain the most terpenoid and cannabinoid profiles.
Why is FECO considered RSO?
Rick Simpson Oil is a cannabis oil that was dubbed RSO because it was developed by Rick Simpson and users followed his methodology of medicating dosage and production. That simple. Because of the variations of how people produce it, including strain and solvent used, the color will vary making it hard to rule out anything as RSO. However, most people identify RSO with a black tar-like substance, but color can vary from a transparent amber color to the black tar everyone knows.
FECO is just a full extract alternative to traditional RSO. Same use with more potential because of the fact that the cannabinoid and terpenoid profiles remain intact.
Rick Simpson Oil & Full Extract Cannabis Oil: Which One is Better?
Everyone’s biochemistry is different, so we can’t fairly rule out anything. FECO will give you a whole plant effectiveness, but some may not take well to the specific strains used or terpene content within the medicine. Some may not like the taste of FECO as keeping the terpenes retains the earthy flavor of cannabis, so one may turn to a traditional RSO.
The best way to medicate is by consulting a cannabis nurse or doctor so that they can guide you in which products are best suited for you. Consuming products that are lab tested for potency and terpene profile is also a good way to tailor your medicine. Without lab tests, you won’t know what is truly in your medicine.
Try Our RSO & FECO Products
View Our Full Menu | chemistry |
http://durabilityanddesign.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=5816 | 2013-05-21T18:48:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700438490/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103358-00051-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.924218 | 374 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__204542095 | en | Dow Microbial Control (Buffalo Grove, Ill.), a business group of The Dow Chemical Company, announced the launch of BIOBANTM 200 Antimicrobial, a low-VOC paint-film fungicide.
The product is designed for the protection of paint films against attack from molds and mildew, and also offers biocidal activity against bacteria and algae, the company says. The technology also is reported to provide broad-spectrum biocidal activity and can be used in exterior and interior applications.
The active ingredient in the product is 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, the company says.
Primarily formulated for use in water-based systems, the product can also be used in solvent-based systems depending on its compatibility with the final product and its packaging, the company says.
“BIOBAN 200 is the result of high-class formulation development and extensive performance testing,” said Claudinei Fava, senior technical service specialist, Dow Microbial Control.
“The formulation is based on the well-proven dispersion technology and patented active stabilization of ROCIMA™ 200 with negligible VOC contribution to the paint formulations (per analytical test methods currently used),” Fava said. “Therefore, BIOBAN 200 Antimicrobial is a good component for new generations of low-VOC, aqueous coatings.”
Celso Magri, global strategic marketing manager, paint and coatings, for Dow Microbial Control, said development of the product represents the company’s response to “evolving market needs, as well as the most stringent requirements in quality and regulatory compliance.”
More information: Dow Microbial Control. | chemistry |
http://floodproofmum.blogspot.com/2014/04/a-z-simple-living-c-cleaning.html | 2019-02-20T09:26:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247494694.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220085318-20190220111318-00121.warc.gz | 0.964771 | 596 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__46017828 | en | If you are wanting to start your own simple living journey then the best place to start is by making your own cleaning products. I started with laundry liquid first, and once I was sure it would be just as effective as the store bought ones, I then experimented further. Basically any product that you buy from the supermarket to clean with, you can make at home yourself for a fraction of the price. My last batch of ten litres of laundry liquid cost just $3 to make and has lasted me for six months. It has no nasty chemicals and does an amazing job of cleaning the kids clothes....it also does not irritate my sensitive skin like some laundry liquids have done in the past, and my daughter's dermatitis is now non-existent.
I use the recipe from Down to Earth and thought I would include it in this post so you can see how easy it is to make!
1 cup of Lux soap flakes
1/2 cup washing soda
1/2 cup borax
1 1/2 litres of water
Add the above ingredients to a medium sized saucepan and heat, stirring, until all ingredients are dissolved.
Add 8 litres of water to a 10 litre bucket, pour in the hot soapy mixture and stir. The mixture will thicken into a gel as it cools, and you then place it into plastic containers for storage.
How easy is that? I bought the ingredients and it was a while before I got around to making it, so I kept my laundry liquid bottles to re-use, and for the rest I stored it in empty water bottles. You do need to give the liquid a shake before using as the mixture does separate, so leave some room in the top of the bottle to allow for this.
Once you have made this laundry liquid you can use it as a base for so many other cleaners. I use a watered down version with a few drops of eucalyptus oil as a spray for my benchtops. There are also home-made cleaners you can make using vinegar or bicarb soda as a base ingredient to clean anything from showers, toilets, floors, dishwashers etc. I made a few and did a road test of the cleaners on this post Homemade Cleaners Road Test.
I have also experimented with making homemade soap. It turned out okay, and is totally natural, but I found the oils quite expensive to buy...and we don't use alot of soap. My family prefer the shower gels, so I buy organic homemade soap from the markets and turn it into Home-made Shower Gel instead. I am still avoiding the chemicals, saving money (cost about 20% of store-bought product), and am adding to that reduction in my carbon footprint.
So, there are no hard and fast rules. You do what works for you...and experiment as you go along. Do you make any of your own cleaning products? | chemistry |
https://www.gettystewart.com/canning-tomatoes-safely-whats-the-issue/ | 2023-05-30T17:16:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646076.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530163210-20230530193210-00663.warc.gz | 0.91565 | 1,085 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__4509838 | en | The Safety Issues around Canning Tomatoes and Tomato Products
I stopped in at CTV Morning Live to chat about how to can tomatoes safely. This article provides a little more info on why canning tomatoes is a little more tricky than other fruits.
Tomatoes are Borderline between High Acid and Low Acid
The issue with canning tomatoes is that the level of acid in tomatoes varies with a pH range of 4.4 to 4.9. Even though they may taste acidic to us, tomatoes are less acidic than most fruit, for example apples range in pH 3.2 to 4.0.
Remember high acid=low pH and that only high acid foods with a pH of 4.6 or lower can be safely water bath canned. That means a lot of tomatoes can’t just be canned as is. We need to add acid to safely can tomatoes.
A tomato’s acid level changes as it grows and may differ from one year to another due to growing conditions. In other words, there’s really no way for us home canners to know what the acid level of our tomatoes is at the time of processing. But that’s okay, we can accommodate for this uncertainty by adding lemon juice, vinegar or citric acid (a powdered product you can get at the pharmacy) to our tomatoes. By doing so, we know for certain that the pH will be where it needs to be.
Add 2 Tbsp lemon juice to each Quart jar when canning tomatoes.
I’ve never tried citric acid, but I’ve read that it leaves little or no taste to the final product. If you don’t want to change the flavor profile of your canned tomatoes, this is an ideal solution.
I prefer the taste of lemon juice over vinegar, so that is what I have always used. When it comes to canning, use commercial lemon juice as opposed to fresh squeezed lemon juice. Again, because of varying growing and storage conditions, knowing the exact acidity of a lemon is difficult at home. To be sure you’re getting the right level of acidity, it’s best to use commercial lemon juice.
One of the most dangerous pathogens and one we want to avoid in home canning is Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria that causes botulism and it can be fatal (read more here). This bacteria thrives in high moisture, low acid, low salt and low oxygen environments. Canned tomatoes, tomato products, meat, soups, stews, fish, beans and other low acid foods provide the ideal environment for botulism spores. Only by processing foods according to current tested, recommended practices can we ensure that every can is safe.
The threat is real! Not every can that is processed using old, traditional methods may lead to botulism or food poisoning – but the risk is there and it’s very real. It is impossible to tell if Clostridium Botulinum is present, so ALL low acid foods must be processed safely. Even frozen vegetables can have Clostridium botulinum present as was the case in a recent botulism outbreak after improperly canning frozen commercial peas 2018 Botulism from canning frozen peas. In the 2018 pea incident, 3 ladies ended up in hospital and had to be intubated to enable them to breath, luckily they recovered. Sadly a 2015 church potluck in Ohio is evidence that home canned goods processed incorrectly can cause tragedy. Ohio Church Potluck Botulism Outbreak turns fatal.
How to avoid Clostridium Botulinum in Home Canned Goods
– heat process low acid veggies, meats and other canned goods in a pressure canner where temperatures can get to the required 240°F/116°C and process it for the recommended time. Again, it’s important to follow the recommended times provided by tested recipes from a trusted source like the National Centre for Home Food Preservation
Canned tomatoes are a great addition to any pantry and by following current practices, you can rest easy knowing you’ve done your best to ensure a safe and delicious product.
Want to learn more? How about a preserving workshop with Getty? Call today as fall dates are booking quickly. Getty Stewart is an engaging speaker and writer providing tasty recipes, time-saving tips, and helpful kitchen ideas to make home cooking easy and enjoyable. She is a Professional Home Economist, author of Manitoba’s best-selling Prairie Fruit Cookbook, Founder of Fruit Share, mom and veggie gardener.
Do i need to to add acid when making hot sauce with tomatoes from the garden? Also what about when making marinara sauce?
If you plan to can any kind of tomato product using the hot water bath technique (versus pressure canning) then YES, you need to add acid. The exact quantities will vary depending on the other ingredients in your recipe. Your safest route is to follow a recipe that’s been tested by a credible source like the National Centre for Home Food Preservation (http://nchfp.uga.edu/) or Bernardin (http://www.bernardin.ca/). Better safe than sorry! | chemistry |
http://www.science.uottawa.ca/eih/ch1/ch1.htm | 2014-09-19T01:45:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657129431.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011209-00044-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | 0.875036 | 6,305 | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-41__0__42571343 | en | Groundwater moving through the geosphere appears to be a simple enough process, yet a groundwater realm of cryptic underground rivers and channels has remained in our culture since early historic times, sustained by water diviners and rural myths. Surface waters seem easier to understand, their intricacies more apparent because we can see them flow and follow them to their source. But to quench your thirst, they must first be flocculated, sedimented, filtered, limed, chlorinated and often chilled, provided industrial effluents have not already damaged the supply. For groundwaters, the geosphere provides these treatments naturally. Groundwater represents more than 50 times the freshwater resource that surface waters do, yet in North America groundwater is used for less than half of freshwater needs; in Central Europe, groundwater is the dominant source for drinking water.
The dawn of hydrogeology as a science began with Darcys early experimenting with the plumbing for the fountains of Dijon. Today, the over-exploitation and contamination of this resource has moved groundwater research to the forefront of the geosciences. Nonetheless, like the diviners of historic times, hydrogeologists still wrestle with the questions of groundwater provenance, its renewability and the subsurface processes affecting its quality. These questions become increasingly relevant as we continue to test the limits of groundwater resource sustainability.
Environmental isotopes now routinely contribute to such investigations,
complementing geochemistry and physical hydrogeology. Meteoric processes,
for instance, modify the stable isotopic composition of water, and so the
recharge waters in a particular environment will have a characteristic
isotopic signature. This signature then serves as a natural tracer for
the provenance of groundwater. On the other hand, radioisotopes decay,
providing us with a measure of circulation time, and thus groundwater renewability.
Environmental isotopes provide, however, much more than indications of
groundwater provenance and age. Looking at isotopes in water, solutes and
solids tells us about groundwater quality, geochemical evolution, recharge
processes, rock-water interaction, the origin of salinity and contaminant
processes. Lets start with the basics.
The nuclear structure of a nuclide (an isotope-specific atom) is classically defined by its number of protons (Z) which defines the element, and the number of neutrons (N) which defines the isotope of that element. For a given nuclide, the sum of protons and neutrons gives the atomic weight (A), expressed by the notation . For example, most oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, giving a nuclide with 16 atomic mass units () while about 0.2% of oxygen has 10 neutrons (). In reality, the mass of a nuclide is slightly less than the combined mass of its neutrons and protons. The "missing" mass is expressed as the nuclear binding energy (according to Einsteins mass-energy relationship E = mc2), which represents the amount of energy required to break the nucleus into its constituent nucleons. Conventional notation for a nuclide uses only the elemental symbol and atomic weight (e.g. 18O or 34S).
Whereas the number of neutrons in the nucleus can vary, the range is
limited by the degree of instability created by having too many or too
few neutrons. Unstable isotopes or radioactive nuclides have a certain
probability of decay. Stable isotopes, on the other hand, do not spontaneously
disintegrate by any known mode of decay. To date, some 270 stable nuclides
and over 1700 radionuclides have been identified. For the light elements
(Z up to 20) the greatest stability occurs with a Z:N ratio close to 1,
and increases towards 1.5 for heavy elements. In a chart arranged according
to Z and N (Fig. 1-1), the stable isotopes of the elements form a stable
valley from hydrogen to uranium. Departures from this stable valley produce
radionuclides of decreasing stability (shorter half-lifes). Oxygen, for
example, has eleven isotopes (12O to 22O) although
only the median isotopes, 16O, 17O and 18O,
are stable (Fig 1-2). The others are radioactive with half-lives varying
from 122 seconds to less than a femtosecond (10-15 s).
Fig. 1-1 Plot of Z vs. N for nuclides up to tin (Z=50) showing the "stable" valley of the nuclides. The Z : N ratio is 1 for the light nuclides and increases towards 1.5 for the heavier nuclides. Increases or decreases in N for given element produces increasingly unstable isotopes (decreasing T½).
The distribution of stable isotopes reflects the structure of the nucleus. Like electron orbits, the most stable nuclei have filled neutron and/or proton shells. Those nuclides with a "magic number" (2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 and 126) of neutrons and/or protons are the most common (e.g. = 99.99986% of all helium; = 99.76% of all oxygen; or = 96.9% of all calcium) whereas others have lower abundances (e.g. = 19.9% of all boron). As the nuclear binding energy occurs between nucleon pairs (protons or neutrons), stable nuclides with even numbers for N and Z, dominate. Thus, 161 of the known stable nuclides have an even N and Z while only 4 have an odd values for N and Z. There are 105 with either an odd N or Z.
Although all elements present in hydrogeological systems have a number of isotopes, only a few are of practical importance to us. The environmental isotopes are the naturally occurring isotopes of elements found in abundance in our environment: H, C, N, O and S. These are principal elements of hydrological, geological and biological systems. The stable isotopes of these element serve as tracers of water, carbon, nutrient and solute cycling. They are also light elements. As a consequence, the relative mass differences between their isotopes are large, imparting measurable fractionations during physical and chemical reactions. For example, 2H has 100% more mass than its sister isotope 1H, whereas the two stable isotopes of bromine (81Br and 79Br) have a mass difference of only 2.5%. Radioactive environmental isotopes are also important in hydrogeology. From their decay we have a measure of time and so environmental radionuclides such as 14C and 3H can be used to estimate the age or circulation of groundwater.
The family of environmental isotopes is growing as new methods allow the routine analysis of additional isotopes. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis has brought 36Cl into mainstream isotope hydrogeology. Refinements in solid source mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) allows high precision measurement of the isotopes of trace elements such as U, Th, Li and B. The major stable environmental isotopes used in hydrogeology are presented in Table 1-1.
Environmental isotopes are now used to trace not only groundwater provenance, but also recharge processes, subsurface processes, geochemical reactions and reaction rates. Their importance in studies of biogeochemical cycles and soil-water-atmosphere processes is increasingly being recognized, and new applications in contaminant hydrogeology are being made.
Table 1-1 The stable environmental isotopes
|Isotope||Ratio||% natural abundance||Reference (abundance ratio)||Commonly measured phases|
|2H||2H/1H||0.015||VSMOW (1.5575 · 104)||H2O, CH2O, CH4, H2, OH minerals|
|3He||3He/4He||0.000138||Atmospheric He (1.3 · 106)||He in water or gas, crustal fluids. basalt|
|6Li||6Li/7Li||7.5||L-SVEC (8.32 · 102)||Saline waters, rocks|
|11B||11B/10B||80.1||NBS 951 (4.04362)||Saline waters, clays, borate, rocks|
|13C||13C/12C||1.11||VPDB (1.1237 · 102)||CO2, carbonate, DIC, CH4, organics|
|15N||15N/14N||0.366||AIR N2 (3.677·103)||N2, NH4+, NO3, N-organics|
|18O||18O/16O||0.204||VSMOW (2.0052 · 103) VPDB (2.0672 · 103)||H2O, CH2O, CO2, sulphates, NO3, carbonates, silicates, OH minerals|
|34S||34S/32S||4.21||CDT (4.5005 · 102)||Sulphates, sulphides, H2S, S-organics|
|37Cl||37Cl/35Cl||24.23||SMOC (0.324)||Saline waters, rocks, evaporites, solvents|
|81Br||81Br/79Br||49.31||SMOB||Developmental for saline waters|
|87Sr||87Sr/86Sr||87Sr = 7.0 86Sr = 9.86||Absolute ratio measured||Water, carbonates, sulphates, feldspar|
The variations in numbers of neutrons in an element provides for the
different masses (atomic weights) of the element and the molecules of which
they may be a part. For example, heavy water, 2H216O,
has a mass of 20 compared to normal water, 1H216O,
which has a mass of 18. Molecules with differences in mass have different
reaction rates. This leads to the isotope partitioning or fractionation
described by Urey (1947).
Stable environmental isotopes are measured as the ratio of the two most
abundant isotopes of a given element. For oxygen it is the ratio of 18O,
with a terrestrial abundance of 0.204%, to common 16O which
represents 99.796 of terrestrial oxygen. Thus the 18O/16O
ratio is about 0.00204. Fractionation processes will of course modify this
ratio slightly for any given compound containing oxygen, but these variations
are seen only at the fifth or sixth decimal place.
Measuring an absolute isotope ratio or abundance is not easily done
and requires some rather sophisticated mass spectrometric equipment. Further,
measuring this ratio on a routine basis would lead to tremendous problems
in comparing data sets from different laboratories. However, we are mainly
interested in comparing the variations in stable isotope concentrations
rather than actual abundance, and so a simpler approach is used. Rather
than measuring a true ratio, an apparent ratio can easily be measured by
gas source mass spectrometry. The apparent ratio differs from the true
ratio due to operational variations (machine error, or m) and will not
be constant between machines or laboratories or even different days for
the same machine. However, by measuring a known reference on the same machine
at the same time, we can compare our sample to the reference. Isotopic
concentrations are then expressed as the difference between the measured
ratios of the sample and reference over the measured ratio of the reference.
Mathematically, the error (m) between the apparent and true ratios is cancelled.
This is expressed using the delta (d) notation:
The range of oxidation states of carbon makes it a fundamental element of the biosphere and hydrosphere. Carbon-13 traces carbon sources and reactions for a multitude of inter-reacting organic and inorganic species. The paleotemperature scale developed in the early 1950s using the 18O/16O ratio in marine carbonates adopted PDB as the international reference material (Urey et al., 1951). PDB was the internal calcite structure (rostrum) from a fossil Belemnitella americana from the Cretaceous Pee Dee Formation in South Carolina. In 1957, Craig formally introduced PDB as the standard for both 13C and 18O in carbonate minerals. It has subsequently been adopted as the 13C standard for all carbon compounds, including CO2, dissolved inorganic carbon species (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), cellulose and other fixed-C solids (CH2O), organic liquids, methane and other hydrocarbons. However, VSMOW is the standard for measurements of 2H or 18O in organic molecules (e.g. CH4, CH2O etc.).
Before the limited PDB supply was exhausted, Friedman et al. (1982)
used it to calibrate a crushed slab of white marble of unknown origin,
designated as NBS-19:
d13CNBS-19 = +1.95
The measurement of isotopes in carbonate minerals is done on CO2
gas that is normally produced by acidification, a method developed by McCrea
(1950). Carbon dioxide is produced from carbonate minerals by reaction
with 100% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at 25°C (Urey
et al., 1951). The conversion of calcite to CO2 follows the
|CaCO3 - Calcite||25||10.20|
|CaCO3 - Aragonite||25||10.29|
|CaMg(CO3)2 - Dolomite||25||11.03|
|CaMg(CO3)2 - Dolomite||25||11.712|
|SrCO3 - Strontianite||25||10.43|
|BaCO3 - Witherite||25||10.91|
|FeCO3 - Siderite||25||10.11753|
|FeCO3 - Siderite||50||10.10753|
|MgCO3 - Magnesite||50||11.53|
2 Rosenbaum and Sheppard, 1986 .
3 Carothers et al., 1988.
Both VPDB and VSMOW are recognized international standards for 18O.
While waters are exclusively referenced to VSMOW, carbonates can refer
to either. VPDB was originally introduced for paleoclimatic studies, where
the 18O content of carbonate was used as a paleotemperature
scale. However, the use of carbonate isotopes has gone far beyond this
field, and in water-carbonate studies it is common to express d18O
data for carbonate against the VSMOW scale. Conversion is also necessary
when deriving information about the d18O
content of the water in which a carbonate has formed. The conversion chart
in Fig. 1-3 or the following equations can be used (Coplen et al., 1983):
d18OVPDB = 0.97002
· d18OVSMOW 29.98
Fig. 1-3 Conversion chart for 18O between VSMOW and VPDB, with fractionation factors for 25°C. The bold line equates values on the VPDB scale to values on the VSMOW scale according to the two reciprocal equations: d 18OVSMOW=1.03091 · d 18OVPDB + 30.91 , and d 18OVPDB=0.97002 · d 18OVSMOW 29.98 .
In 1947, Alfred Nier developed the first dual-inlet, double-collector gas-source mass spectrometer. The double collector allowed the simultaneous measurement of two isotopes and the dual inlet allowed ratio measurement on both a sample and a standard by alternating between inlets. Gas source mass spectrometry has since become the measurement technique of preference for isotope ratios of most of the light elements (e.g. H, C, N, O and S) because of its relative simplicity and because the use of international standards allows comparison of data bases from different laboratories. A host of preparation methods have been developed and improved to convert different sample compounds to an appropriate gas including CO2, SO2, H2 and N2.
A heated tungsten-coated iridium (thoria) filament inside the source block cavity ionizes a laminar stream of gas entering the ultra-high vacuum source (Fig. 1-4). The gas molecules are stripped of one electron, producing positive ions (e.g. CO2+) which are then accelerated through a voltage gradient and focused into the flight tube upon exiting the source. The ionization efficiency varies between 0.01 and 0.1% for different instruments. The ion beam bends as it passes through the field of a magnet installed over the flight tube. Here, the beam separates into a spectrum of masses according to the isotopes present. Each mass beam continues to the ion detectors where preset faraday cup collectors measure each ion current. By collecting two or three ion beams simultaneously, the ion currents can be expressed as mass ratios. For example, CO2 would contribute three principal peaks at mass 44 (12C16O2), mass 45 (13C16O2 or 12C17O16O) and mass 46 (12C16O18O). A dual-inlet system allows the mass spectrometer to alternately measure ratios in the sample and a working or laboratory standard. Thus, the extreme fractionation imparted during ionization in the source is resolved. The early mass spectrometers suffered from drifting electronics, which precluded accurate abundance measurements. These instabilities have since been overcome with solid-state and fibre optic signal transfer systems.
Fig. 1-4 Schematic of a gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), showing both continuous flow and dual inlets. The continuous flow inlet here is shown with a sample combustion and gas chromatograph configuration. Capillary tubes ensure laminar, non-fractionating gas flow. Example shows mass range of CO2 gas, and includes the short radius flight tube for H2 found on many designs. Other mass ranges (for SO2 and N2) are attained by either additional fixed-position faraday collectors or by adjusting the beam. For manufacturers details, see <http://beluga.uvm.edu/geowww/isogeochem.htm>.
Quadrupole mass spectrometers employ a method of isotope separation and measurement that offers economies in size and cost, but lack the precision of a Nier-type instrument. However, the portability of quadrupole mass spectrometry allowed the Viking mission to perform isotope analyses of Martian soil and atmosphere.
The direction of gas source mass spectrometry is now towards continuous flow systems where the sample and standard gases are carried into the mass spectrometer source in a stream of helium gas (Fig. 1-4). In this way, pulse injections of sample gas can be analysed, reducing volume constraints and sample size. Measurement in the nano-mole (109 moles of gas) size range is now possible, opening a host of research possibilities. These systems also greatly increase sample through-put when configured with automated sample preparation systems. In particular, an elemental analyzer on the front end of a continuous flow mass spectrometer allows the analysis of solid, liquid, and mixed matrix samples which can be combusted and the gases separated on a chromatographic column. Helium carries the sample through the column and into the mass spectrometer. Continuous flow mass spectrometers configured with a laser ablation sampling system provide researchers with a tool for micro-analysis of sulphides and carbonates, with a spatial resolution in the order of 10 to 50 mm.
The radioisotopes routinely employed in hydrogeology include tritium and carbon-14. Measurement of chlorine-36 is becoming increasingly available to non-specialists, while the use of other radioisotopes like argon-39 and the krypton (85Kr and 81Kr) is restricted to a limited number of research laboratories due to complications in sampling, analysis and interpretation. For the noble gases, huge volumes of water must be vacuum extracted in the field for analysis in low-level counters. Details on these radionuclides are given in Table 1-4. Sampling methods are covered in detail in Chapter 10.
Table 1-4 The environmental radioisotopes
|Principal Sources||Commonly measured phases|
|3H||12.43||b||Cosmogenic, weapons testing||H2O, CH2O|
|14C||5730||b||Cosmogenic, weapons testing, nuclear reactors||DIC, DOC, CO2 CaCO3, CH2O|
|36Cl||301,000||b||Cosmogenic and subsurface||Cl, surface Cl-salts|
|39Ar||269||b||Cosmogenic and subsurface||Ar|
|85Kr||10.72||b||Nuclear fuel processing||Kr|
|81Kr||210,000||ec||Cosmogenic and subsurface||Kr|
|129I||1.6 · 107 yr||b||Cosmogenic, subsurface, nuclear reactors||I and I in organics|
|222Rn||3.8 days||a||Daughter of 226Ra in 238U decay series||Rn gas|
|226Ra||1600||a||Daughter of 230Th in 238U decay series||Ra2+, carbonate, clays|
|230Th||75,400||a||Daughter of 234U in 238U decay series||Carbonate, organics|
|234U||246,000||a||Daughter of 234Pa in 238U decay series||UO22+, carbonate, organics|
|238U||4.47·109||a||Primordial||UO22+, carbonate, organics|
a - alpha emission.
ec - electron capture.
Tritium, 3H, is a short-lived isotope of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.43 years. It attracted considerable interest during the era of thermonuclear bomb testing. Dr. R. Brown with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) was the first to begin monitoring 3H fallout from atmospheric weapons tests. His data for Ottawa precipitation begins in 1952 and documents the dramatic increases in atmospheric 3H produced during the ensuing two decades of hydrogen bomb testing.
Small but measurable amounts of tritium are also produced naturally in the stratosphere by cosmic radiation on 14N. Both natural and anthropogenic tritium enter the hydrological cycle via precipitation. Its presence in groundwater provides evidence for active recharge. As it is part of the water molecule, it is the only direct water dating method available.
Tritium has also gained importance in the medical field to tag compounds in biological reactions, although the concentrations used here exceed environmental concentrations by several orders of magnitude. Environmental concerns limit the use of artificial 3H as a tracer in hydrological studies.
Tritium concentrations are expressed as absolute concentrations, using tritium units (TU) and so no reference standard is required. One TU corresponds to one 3H atom per 1018 atoms of hydrogen. For 1 litre of water, its radioactivity is equivalent to 0.12 Bq (1 Becquerel = 1 disintegration/second), or 3.2 pCi/l (1 pCi is 1012 Curies and a Curie is the radioactivity of 1 gram of 226Ra; 1 Curie = 3.7·1010 Bq). Groundwaters today seldom have more than 50 TU and are typically in the <1 to 10 TU range.
Tritium is measured by counting b decay events in a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). A 10 mL sample aliquot is mixed with the scintillation compound that releases a photon when struck by a b particle. Photomultiplier tubes in the counter convert the photons to electrical pulses that are counted over a several-hour period. Results are calculated by comparing the count to those of calibrated standards and blanks. Increased precision is gained through concentration by electrolytic enrichment of 3H in the water before counting, or by conversion to propane (C3H8) for gas proportional counting. Direct liquid-scintillation counting carries a precision of ±7 TU, whereas with enrichment and LSC this is improved to better than ±0.8 TU. With propane synthesis, a precision of ±0.1 TU can be obtained.
Although it was shown early this century that stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen existed, it was not until much later that their abundance and variation in the hydrosphere were investigated. Friedman, in 1953, first noted that in precipitation a change in concentration of H218O was accompanied by a change in 2HHO. In 1961, Craig published his landmark finding that these two isotopes are partitioned by meteorological processes in a rather predictable fashion. Subsequent work has shown how isotopes are partitioned through other systems, such as 13C in the carbon cycle.
How are environmental isotopes partitioned? Thermodynamic fractionation is a fundamental process. Here we will explore the details of isotope fractionation, using 18O and 2H in the hydrological cycle as an example. Fractionation of 13C, 34S, 15N and other isotopes will be discussed in other chapters.
Isotope fractionation occurs in any thermodynamic reaction due to differences
in the rates of reaction for different molecular species. The result is
a disproportionate concentration of one isotope over the other on one side
of the reaction. It is expressed by the fractionation factor a
which is the ratio of the isotope ratios for the reactant and product:
1. What is the relative enrichment or depletion of VSMOW, in d
notation, relative to the average terrestrial abundance of 18O
given in Table 1-1? What about VPDB?
= 17.1 vs. terrestrial abundance
Calculating RVPDB: determine VPDB on the VSMOW scale
d18O = 1.03091 · d18OVPDB + 30.91 = 30.91 VSMOW (for 0 VPDB)
= 13.3 enriched over the terrestrial abundance.
Accordingly, 103lna18Ocalcite-water = 30.4
From the table at the front of the book, 103lna18Ocalcitewater = 30.4 at a temperature of about 15.5°C. Considering that the bottom temperatures in Cretaceous seas are not well known, this seems pretty close to isotopic equilibrium.
SLAP = 55.5 VSMOW, therefore:
10Be ® 10B
H2Ol « H2Ov 103lna2Hl-v = 75.6 @ 25°C; 22.3 @ 100°C (evaporation)
18O: H2O - CO2(g)
CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 [CO32, HCO3, H2CO3, CO2] Ca2+ + HCO3
103lna18OCaCO3H2O = 28.4 @ 25°C; 17.1 @ 100°C (rapid precipitation of calcite)
13C: CO2(g) CaCO3
CO2(g) + H2O + CaCO3 « [Ca2+, CO32, HCO3, H2CO3, CO2(aq), CO2(g)] « Ca2+ + 2HCO3
103lna18OCaCO3CO2 = 10.4 @ 25°C; 3.4 @ 100°C (rapid degasing of CO2)
34S: reduction of sulphate to sulphide
CH4 + SO42 ® [sulphite + other intermediary S species] ® HCO3 + HS + H2O
103lna18OSO4HS = 72.7 @ 25°C; 49.9 @ 100°C (rapid degasing of CO2)
Biologically mediated reaction, and equilibrium fractionation is never attained at low T. Biological fractionation generally varies between 20 and 30.
18O: H2Oice - H2Ovapour
H2Oi « H2Ov 103lna18Oi-v = 14.7 @ 0°C (sublimation a surface reaction with little to no fractionation)
a2HH2 = 1.2055 - greatest fractionation
a3He/4He = 1.1371
a13CCO2 = 1.0044
|2H||18O or 13C||2H||18O or 13C|
|Isotope separation dX - dY||45||18||228||122|
|Deviation dX - dref. (dref. = 0)||32||12||45||18|
8. Isotope fractionation effects are expressed as a-values
and isotope abundances are given as permil differences from a reference
(d-value). Establish the relationship between
a and d in the form
of a simple equation.
d2HH2 = 754 VSMOW | chemistry |
https://www.manukahoney.co.uk/info/research.html | 2022-06-29T09:37:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103626162.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629084939-20220629114939-00767.warc.gz | 0.904432 | 3,179 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__128316847 | en | Researching the health benefits of Manuka Honey
"One particular honey with extraordinary healing properties"
The biochemist Professor Peter Molan of the honey research unit at the University of Waikato in New Zealand identified one particular type of honey with extraordinary healing qualities. He was able to show that honey made from the flowers of the Manuka bush, a native of New Zealand, has antibacterial properties over and above those of other honeys.
He said: "In all honeys, there is - to different levels - hydrogen peroxide produced from an enzyme that bees add to the nectar. In Manuka honey, and its close relative which grows in Australia called Jellybush, there's something else besides the hydrogen peroxide. And nothing like that has ever been found anywhere else in the world."
That 'something else' has proved very hard to identify. Even now, after more than twenty years of research, Peter Molan admits he still has no idea exactly what it is. But he has given it a name: the 'Unique Manuka Factor', or 'UMF', and he has found a way to measure its antibacterial efficacy by comparing UMF® Manuka honey with a standard antiseptic (carbolic, or phenol) in its ability to fight bacteria. The results are astonishing.
He said: "We know it has a very broad spectrum of action; it works on bacteria, fungi and protozoa. We haven't found anything it doesn't work on among infectious organisms." "In fact," he says, "UMF Manuka honey can even tackle antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria" - a growing problem for hospitals around the world." "Staphylococcus aureas is the most common wound-infecting species of bacteria and that's the bacterium most sensitive to honey that we've found. That includes the antibiotic resistant strains such as MRSA which is just as sensitive to honey as any other staphylococcus aureas."
Clinical trials at the Waikato Hospital have shown that even out of the lab, UMF® Manuka honey has amazing healing properties.
Cancer specialist Dr Glenys Round has also found honey to be an effective treatment. She said that they have been using honey to treat fungating wounds where the cancer has broken through the skin and that the results in that situation have been excellent. Most recently, she has had success in using honey dressings on patients with wounds or ulcers resulting from radiation therapy. She said, "Most of those patients in the past had tried various other conventional treatments without much success and that is the reason why, at least initially, honey was tried."
Julie Betts added that most patients seemed happy to try the honey treatment and that they didn't have a problem with it at all. She said, "Humans in general have a fondness, I think, for natural remedies, so people are quite happy to use them. I think the problem we encounter is when people don't understand how it works. They think that sourcing any honey will achieve the same outcome, and that's not always true."
Story from BBC NEWS:http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/health/3787867.stmPublished: 2004/06/08 23:15:47 GMT© BBC 2012
There are Two Types of Manuka Honey
- Ordinary Manuka Honey: contains hydrogen peroxide antibacterial properties like all other honeys
- UMF® (Unique Manuka Factor) Manuka Honey: contains hydrogen peroxide plus its own natural antibacterial properties. This unique, additional activity gives it the special antibacterial healing potency.
UMF® is the registered trademark of the Active Manuka Honey Association (AMHA). The UMF rating is the number on the label. The higher the number, the greater the UMF test result and corresponding antimicrobial, therapeutic and healing qualities.
The minimum qualification for using the name UMF® and to be suitable for therapeutic use is a UMF® 10 rating.
There are 4 UMF® ratings to indicate the antibacterial potency of Manuka honey:
- UMF® 0 to UMF® 4 - not detectable
- UMF® 5 to UMF® 9 - maintenance level only (not recommended for therapeutic uses)
- UMF® 10 to UMF® 15 - useful therapeutic levels endorsed by the Honey Research Unit at The University of Waikato
- UMF® 16+ - superior strength with very high antibacterial levels
Rating the Antibacterial Activity of Manuka Honey
From a paper by Professor Peter Molan - Honey Research Unit, University of Waikato
The unique type of antibacterial activity that is present in Manuka honey, distinct from the antibacterial activity due to hydrogen peroxide that is common to all honeys, was discovered in research at the University of Waikato in 1982. This discovery was first published in an MSc thesis which is held in the university library (K.M. Russell, 1983, The antibacterial properties of honey), and subsequently in a journal (Molan, P.C. and Russell, K.M. 1988), Non-peroxide antibacterial activity in some New Zealand honeys, Journal of Apicultural Research 27, 62-67).
The variation that occurs in the level of this unique activity in Manuka honey was reported in a subsequent publication (Allen, K.L., Molan, P.C. and Reid, G.M., 1991, A survey of the antibacterial activity of some New Zealand honeys, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 43, 817-822) where it was noted that:
"The present survey has shown not all samples said to be Manuka honey can be relied upon to provide this antibacterial activity."
It was from this came the term "Active Manuka Honey". The term was used in a fact sheet put out by the New Zealand Honey Food & Ingredient Advisory Service in 1998, which said:
"All of the patients in the trials who were taking the special active Manuka honey, as opposed to those patients taking ordinary inactive Manuka honey, had a marked improvement in their symptoms."
It also said:
"Research at the University of Waikato showed that some New Zealand Manuka honey (and it is important to emphasize "some", not all New Zealand Manuka honey) has a unique antibacterial activity. Laboratory trials showed that this Active Manuka honey is effective in killing Helicobacter pylori."
Because of increasing publicity about active manuka honey through news media reports on the research being carried out at the Honey Research Unit at the University of Waikato, the public demand for this special honey increased. But it also brought out people seeking to gain financially by "passing off" to the public so-called manuka honey which did not have the unique antibacterial activity.
In 1997 I was asked by TRADENZ (the predecessor to New Zealand Trade and Enterprise) to help with the setting up of an Industry Group for the producers of the genuine active manuka honey, and to advise on how best the producers of the genuine active manuka honey, and consumers, could be protected from those selling manuka honey without the unique type of activity yet implying that it was the same thing.
Unfortunately the recommendations I made have not provided the answer to the problem. For instance, in the UK it is said that much of the manuka honey on sale does not have measurable levels of the non-peroxide antibacterial activity that is unique to manuka honey. Similarly there is honey on sale in New Zealand where the rating of activity on it is not a rating of the unique type of activity as measured by the assay described in Allen et al. (1991). There are also people selling manuka honey with the activity claimed to be the unique non-peroxide activity "assayed by the method developed by Dr. Molan" but there are beekeepers saying that different results from different laboratories are obtained for the same honey. There have also been many complaints that poor repeatability in results is seen when the same honey is sent repeatedly to the same laboratory.
Consequently there is a need for a method for assaying and certifying the unique non-peroxide antibacterial activity of manuka honey that is accurate, highly reliable, independent of competing companies, open to anyone meeting set standards, and in which consumers can have confidence."
Professor Peter Molan's paper later concluded:
"This certification by the University of Waikato is expected to be readily recognised as trustworthy by consumers because there has been so much exposure of the Honey Research Unit at the University of Waikato in the news media. I have been filmed in 19 TV documentaries on manuka honey, contributed information for seven others, filmed about manuka honey for 20 TV news programmes, interviewed for 14 radio news programmes, and have been interviewed in 38 other radio programmes. I have also been interviewed about manuka honey for 111 newspapers and 137 magazines, books and news websites. Most of these TV, radio and print media have been overseas.
Discussion with buyers for companies in the health food trade overseas has indicated ready acceptance of the certification system because of the reputation of the Honey Research Unit and the recognition of the expertise of this group in the measurement of the antibacterial activity of honey.
Because the new proprietary assay of activity will give the same results when run in any laboratory, it will be possible to license overseas laboratories to operate the service and thus allow the university to certify honey exported in bulk and packed overseas, as long as the requirement is met of assays being done on labelled retail packs. This will give beekeepers more options for marketing the honey they produce, and at the same time hopefully encourage reputable packing companies overseas to sell genuine Active Manuka Honey. The university will also make the proprietary assay available to regulatory authorities overseas so that they can easily check if manuka honey on sale in their countries genuinely does have the activity claimed."
Other Research Articles Available
1. Honey-Based Dressings and Wound Care: An Option for Care in the United States Pieper, Barbara. Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing: January/February 2009 - Volume 36 - Issue 1 - p 60-66.
2. Jon Morgan (5 March 2009). "Money from honey - a family affair" stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/business/farming/1999278/Money-from-honey-a-family-affair. Dominion Post en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Post.
3. The factors responsible for the varying levels of UMF® in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/2655/thesis.pdf?=2. Jonathan McD C Stephens. Doctorate thesis. 2006.
4. Julie Biuso, Sizzle: Sensational Barbecue Food, Monterey, Cal.: Julie Biuso Publications, 2008, p. 154
5. Crescent Dragonwagon, Passionate Vegetarian, New York: Workman Publishing Co., 2002, p. 958
6. Lusby, PE; Coombes, A, Wilkinson, JM (2002 Nov). "Honey: a potent agent for wound healing?". Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing: official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society / WOCN 29 (6): 295-300. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1067/mjw.2002.129073 dx.doi.org/10.1067%2Fmjw.2002.129073. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_sequenceId12439453entifier ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12439453.
7. Jull, AB; Rodgers, A, Walker, N (2008 Oct 8). "Honey as a topical treatment for wounds.". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (4): CD005083. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1002/14651858.CD005083.pub2 dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD005083.pub2. en.wikipePMIDdia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 18843679 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843679.
8. Majtan, J; Klaudiny, J, Bohova, J, Kohutova, L, Dzurova, M, Sediva, M, Bartosova, M, Majtan, V (2012 Feb 17). "Methylglyoxal-induced modifications of significant honeybee proteinous components in manuka honey: Possible therapeutic implications.". Fitoterapia 83 (4): 671-7. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1016/j.fitote.2012.02.002 dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fitote.2012.02.002. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 22366273 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366273.
9. Kilty, SJ; Duval, M, Chan, FT, Ferris, W, Slinger, R (2011 Sep-Oct). "Methylglyoxal: (active agent of manuka honey) in vitro activity against bacterial biofilms.". International forum of allergy & rhinology 1 (5): 348-50. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1002/alr.20073 dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Falr.20073. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 22287464 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22287464.
10. Mavric, E; Wittmann, S, Barth, G, Henle, T (2008 Apr). "Identification and quantification of methylglyoxal as the dominant antibacterial constituent of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honeys from New Zealand.". Molecular nutrition & food research 52 (4): 483-9. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1002/mnfr.200700282 dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200700282. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 18210383 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18210383.
11. Eekhof, JA; Van Wijk, B, Knuistingh Neven, A, van der Wouden, JC (2012 Apr 18). "Interventions for ingrowing toenails.". | chemistry |
http://www.emcsupplies.com.my/index.php?route=product/product&search=nitto&product_id=343 | 2022-08-18T14:13:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00689.warc.gz | 0.760535 | 235 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__133957832 | en | Adhesive tape coated with single surface silicone adhesive on Fluoroplastic Film.
Not only as a heat resistant tape but also to be used for various applications as follows. (Size Available: Width 50 mm, 150 mm)
- Heat resistant electrical insulation (for Class H electrical insulation)
- Coating for crimping part of heat sealing
- Friction control and furtherance in sliding sections
- Insulation coating of bounding, etc.
|Width||50, 150 mm|
|Tensile strength||55 N/19mm|
|Adhesive strength||5.6 N/19mm|
|Rewinding force||4.4 N/19mm|
|Breakdown voltage||8 kV|
|Temperature range||-60 ~ 200 °C|
Nitto NITOFLON No. 903UL
- Brand: Nitto Denko
- Product Code: Nitto 903UL
- Availability: 2-3 Days | chemistry |
http://nutrition-atlas.nin.res.in/nutritionatlas/ironguide.php | 2023-12-05T15:55:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00274.warc.gz | 0.929654 | 196 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__53928612 | en | Iron (Fe)is a trace mineral found in every living cell in our bodies. Iron is a primary component of hemoglobin, myoglobin and Cytochromes. Iron exerts its functions through the compounds in which it is present. Hemoglobin and myoglobin are required for the transport of O2 , CO2 and storage of O2 respectively. Cytochromes and certain non-heme proteins are necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain. Cytochrome containing enzymes are responsible for detoxification of endogenous metabolites, drugs and toxins. Iron is mainly absorbed in the stomach and duodenum. In normal people, about 10% of dietary iron is usually absorbed. Dietary iron has two main forms: heme and nonheme. Plants and iron-fortified foods contain nonheme iron only, whereas meat, seafood, and poultry contain both heme and nonheme iron. Heme iron is absorbed better than non-heme iron. | chemistry |
https://www.itrafrica.com/lubricants.html | 2023-03-23T08:10:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945030.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323065609-20230323095609-00184.warc.gz | 0.908833 | 478 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__174449580 | en | Lubricants and Greases for a Wide Range of Earthmoving Equipment.
Suppliers of quality lubricants including heavy-duty engine oils, automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic oils and grease
ITR has a range of quality lubricants that deliver superior engine protection and performance, for machines used in construction, industrial and marine sectors. ITR lubricants are formulated with highly refined base oils, extreme pressure agents, anti-wear and anti-corrosive resistance additives for smooth operation.
ITR transmission fluid is designed for lubrication of torque converters, transmission gear in heavy equipment’s. It performs high standard to meet the wide range of lubrication requirements in transmission systems.
ITR Premium Quality Engine Oil is designed for Construction Equipment’s, heavy and light duty trucks and all diesel engine equipment. This is designed to provide superior soot dispersancy, engine cleanliness and reduced oil consumption.
ITR gear Oil is formulated with highly refined base oils, extreme pressure agents, anti-wear and anti-corrosive resistance additives for smooth operation. It is recommended for manual transmissions, differentials, final drive axis and gear boxes in Earth movers, trucks, buses, cars and tractors.
ITR Hydraulic Oil possess superior demulsibility, thermal stability, oxidation stability and excellent filterability. It maintains a thin film of oil under light and heavy loads. Recommended for use in compressors, machine tools, hydraulic systems, circulation systems and a wide variety of equipment’s.
It is used to minimize wear by providing lubricant coverage along the wearing parts. ITR can provide both Calcium based & Lithium based grease. ITR Grease is an ideal product for lubrication of flexible joints & work equipment points on Heavy equipment’s.
Coolant is used by vehicles for heat transfer. ITR Antifreeze coolant is able to withstand the adverse temperature conditions and also efficient in preventing scale & corrosion of Engine cooling system.
It is a heavy duty Synthetic brake and hydraulic clutch release fluid. It is suitable for all conventional drum and disc brake system.
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http://www.sportscardigest.com/porsche-classic-motor-oil-introduced/ | 2018-06-24T06:49:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267866888.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624063553-20180624083553-00580.warc.gz | 0.909291 | 276 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__151448205 | en | Porsche Cars North America, Inc. is launching its own engine oil for air-cooled flat-four and flat-six Porsche engines. In collaboration with the Porsche Development Center in Weissach, Germany, the new Porsche Classic Motor Oil has been developed by the Porsche Classic experts to meet the lubrication requirements of all Porsche air-cooled engines. The sports car manufacturer made the transition to liquid-cooled engines in the 911 model line in 1998.
Porsche Classic Motor Oil comes in two different versions:
- 20W-50 for all 356, 914, and 911 models up to the 2.7-liter G-model
- 10W-60 for flat-six engines of 3.0 liters and larger
According to Porsche Cars North America, Inc., the Porsche Classic Motor Oil offers the following benefits:
- Specially developed for Porsche air-cooled engines
- Tested in the lab and on the road by Porsche AG
- Compatibility with the alloys and sealing materials used in the air-cooled engines
- Excellent high temperature resilience and shear stability
- Optimum protection against wear and corrosion provided by zinc and phosphorus
- Engineered by Porsche
Porsche Classic Motor Oil is available now exclusively through authorized Porsche dealers. For more information, visit Porsche Classic Motor Oil.
[Source: Porsche NA] | chemistry |
https://home-owner-buff.com/chemicals-found-in-popular-lip-balm-by/ | 2023-03-28T05:52:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948765.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328042424-20230328072424-00313.warc.gz | 0.923147 | 1,354 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__12089651 | en | Chapped lips happen to the best of us, especially when we approach a change in the weather or when your lips become dried out. The precise reason your lips become chapped can vary; however, wind, sun, cold air, medication, or just plain lip smacking can all be the cause. When chapped lips hit, most of us reach for a trusted product… lip balm.
Whether we use Blistex, Burt’s Bees, Chapstick, or a tube of Nivea, we are all looking for the same form of relief. Did you know that many of the lip balm manufacturers use ingredients that are not eco-friendly and may even be harmful to you? If not, consider this, most manufacturers instruct you to not apply their product on cracked lips. Why do you think this is?
Look At One of the Most Popular Lip Balms (Blistex).
Blistex manufactures an assortment of lip balms. Many of those products include artificial flavoring, so for comparison, we’ll stick with their basic medicated product. Each tube contains over 20 ingredients. Just a few of these ingredients are:
- Phenol: While considered toxic, phenol is used in a wide range of application that also includes disinfectants, mouthwashes, and throat lozenges according to the CDC.
- Saccharin: Artificial sweetener.
- Parabens: A preservative that receives a tremendous amount of negative press. While many sources will claim parabens act as a carcinogen, there are an equal number of peer reviewed studies expressing that the chemicals did not have an effect.
- Fragrance: The description is protected by law, but contains potential phthalates.
- Oxybenzone: A natural sunscreen found in many plants. Many sources claim this chemical is a carcinogen; however, the CDC reports there are no known ill health issues tied to the chemical. Additionally, WebMD interviewed Dr. Kate Puttgen, a pediatric physician at John Hopkins Children’s Center. Dr. Puttgen is one of several physicians that wholly support the use of products including Oxybenzone along with many of her peers. You will need to determine for yourself what your comfort is.
- Mineral oil, Parrafin, and Petrolatum: Petroleum products designed to seal moisture in the skin.
Moisturizing ingredients such as beeswax and lanolin are included in most of the Blistex products to help moisturize while the skin heals.
Using Blistex products bring relief because it includes ingredients that deal with the discomfort while disinfecting and killing anything that may be on the surface of your skin. At the same time, this lip balm is providing a protective layer to seal moisture in the skin and prevent any additional loss.
Review of a Proclaimed Eco-Friendly Lip Balm (Burt’s Bees).
You can see right away that there is a difference in the ingredients used:
- Beeswax: natural wax used in place of petroleum products.
- Coconut Oil: Provides emollient properties to the skin.
- Sunflower Seed Oil: Aids in retaining moisture in skin.
- Peppermint Oil: Provides anti-inflammation and eases respiratory problems.
- Lanolin: A natural skin moisturizer.
- Tocopherol: Vitamin E extract – acts as a natural preservative.
- Rosemary Leaf Extract: Provides antimicrobial properties.
- Soybean Oil: A natural moisturizer that includes amino acids, protein, vitamins.
- Canola Oil: made from crushed rapeseeds (a form of mustard plant). The biggest concern with this product is that over 90% of canola oil is produced from GMOs created in the last 20-years, so the long-term effects are unknown.
- Limonene: Natural product in the rind of citrus and used for fragrance and flavoring.
As you can see, the ingredients in this lip balm are more likely to come from a kitchen than a chemist’s lab.,
Our Choice for Eco-Friendly Lip Balm (Big Dipper Wax Works).
Our favorite lip balm comes from a company in Seattle called Big Dipper Wax Works. Their product is made with beeswax, moisturizing Cocoa Butter, vitamin E, along with natural oils from coconut and apricot. They include several products with flavors made from essential oils (if you really have to have the flavoring).They don’t pay us to tell people about them; we do it because we are big fans of their natural beeswax products!
Best Way to Avoid Chapped Lips?
- Use beeswax based products versus petroleum.
- Get plenty of Vitamin A – this will help keep skin cells fresh.
- Increase your water intake.
- Vitamin B-3: Helps lips stay moist.
- Vitamin B-12: Helps heal chapped lips.
- Zinc: Aids your immune system.
- Use a humidifier.
- Use antibiotic ointment instead of lip balm if lips are already chapped or skin is damaged.
- Avoid flavored lip balm – they cause you to lick your lips more frequently and actually exacerbate the problem.
Lip Balm Conclusions.
Study after study demonstrates that normal usage of these products is not likely to cause cancer, so stories selling that headline tend to pray on fears. Here’s a dose of reality; however. Your body is taking in these toxins through not only the use of products like Blistex and the 150 competitors; but the ingredients are also included in everyday cosmetics, lotions, body washes, and shampoos. Exposure from lip balm alone is not going to give you cancer; however, your risks may increase as you compound your exposure to all the other personal care products you use.
Avoid any product that includes artificial flavors or colors. Your body just doesn’t need them and many lip balms like to offer that luxurious cherry flavor to keep you using their product.
Petroleum products will provide a best seal to allow the skin to heal. If you are not comfortable with that (and we understand why), then go with a beeswax product like you find in Burt’s Bees or our favorite the natural beeswax product from Big Dipper Wax Works. If you do use a petroleum-based product, be sure to use it for a limited amount of time as they can cause irritation problems with prolonged use. | chemistry |
http://tj.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=113&Itemid=648 | 2017-04-26T13:52:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121355.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00531-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.877721 | 905 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__247305895 | en | Implant Sciences Corporation (IMSC:OTCBB) develops and commercializes explosives trace detection (ETD) solutions for transportation, critical infrastructure, and ports and borders security, as well as force protection and emergency response.
Founded in 1984, Implant Sciences has a rich history of developing leading technologies in several markets including: ion implantation services for the semiconductor industry; brachytherapy seeds for prostate cancer treatment; and sophisticated coatings to reduce wear on orthopedic joint replacements.
By the end of 2008, as part of the company’s restructuring towards a single business focus, the medical and semiconductor businesses and associated assets were fully divested. The company today is a pure play in global Security, Safety, and Defense (SS&D) markets. The Company's patented technology, used in its flagship product, the Quantum Sniffer™ QS-H150 handheld explosives trace detector, is in use throughout the world. IMSC successfully introduced its first handheld explosive trace detection product in 2003 and has sold more than 1,100 ETD systems, generating over $25 million in revenues. The company is developing products addressing new markets in excess of $2 billion.
Implant Science Products
Portable Hand-held Explosives Trace Detector Quantum Sniffer Technology The Quantum Sniffer QS-H150 is a hand-held explosives detector that rapidly detects and identifies trace amounts of a wide variety of military, commercial, and homemade explosives (HMEs). Its innovative design provides operational advantages that make it highly effective in real world detection situations— advantages proven time and again in customer evaluations. The QS-H150 employs a patented heated vortex collector for the simultaneous detection of explosives particulates and vapors, with or without contact and in real-time. It also includes a patented non-radioactive ionization source and a low maintenance, contamination resistant design.
Features & Benefits
- Automatic, continuous self-calibration:
- Adjusts automatically to changes in environment
- No calibration traps
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- No dopant
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- Simultaneous vapor and non-contact particle detection
- Wipe sampling
- No reconfiguration required to switch modes
- Detects and identifies military, commercial, and homemade explosives (HMEs) within seconds
- Detected substances displayed on built-in screen
- Ultra-fast clear-down means the QS-H150 is ready for the next sample in seconds
- One handed operation
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- Non-radioactive ion source eliminates licensing, inspection, transport, and end-of life issues
Desktop Explosives & Drugs
• Simultaneously detects explosives & drugs in seconds
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Implant Sciences’ Technology
The Quantum Sniffer QS-B220 provides fast, accurate detection of trace amounts of a wide variety of military, commercial, homemade explosives, as well as drugs, with unsurpassed ease of use and minimal maintenance requirements. Incorporating Implant Sciences’ patented non-radioactive Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) technology, the QS‑B220 brings new levels of performance and convenience to desktop trace detection users.
Lower Total Cost of Ownership
Operation and maintenance expenses are extremely low with the QS-B220. Routine maintenance consists of care and cleaning using common supplies and desiccant replacement as required. No radioactive material is used in the QS-B220, so there are no associated certification, licensing, inspection, testing, transportation, or decommissioning costs.
Accurate and Efficient
The Quantum Sniffer performs real-time detection with rapid clear-down. When detection occurs, the QS-B220 provides audio and visual alarm indications, including substance identification, on the integrated high-resolution color touch-screen. Authorized users can also access spectrogram display and analysis, administrative, and diagnostic tools through the easy-to-use interface. Automatic internal calibration prevents errors that could result from an uncalibrated instrument. The QS-B220 monitors its environment and senses changes that would affect its analysis. No user intervention or calibration consumables required | chemistry |
http://birkv.melko-teh.ru/carbon-14-dating-debate-405.html | 2018-04-21T13:20:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945222.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421125711-20180421145711-00219.warc.gz | 0.946035 | 279 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__106949426 | en | Carbon 14 dating debate
Constants and Change There are other limitations in carbon dating too.
For example, with a few exceptions, the technique can only be applied to once-living items such as bone, leather, wood, and cloth—not, say, rocks or metal.
For example, if a sample emits radiation indicating the presence of 10 carbon-14 atoms and we know from its mass that it originally must have contained 20, that means the plant or animal from which the sample was taken died about 5,730 years ago.
So I did a bit of research to fill in the gaps in my understanding, and not surprisingly I found the details to be quite interesting.
When an organism dies, it stops acquiring new carbon-14 atoms.
Given that the ratio of carbon-14 atoms to carbon-12 atoms in a living thing is a constant, one can determine the number of each in a sample of organic matter (using sensitive equipment to detect the amount of radiation remaining), and then do a little bit of math to determine how long it’s been since the organism expired.
More importantly, though, the accuracy of carbon dating rests on several crucial assumptions.
For one thing, the rate of carbon-14 production in the atmosphere (and thus the level of cosmic ray activity) must have been pretty much constant for the past several dozen millennia. | chemistry |
http://archipet.blogspot.com/2012/02/challenging-misperceptions-around-clean_29.html | 2018-05-20T15:38:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863626.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180520151124-20180520171124-00545.warc.gz | 0.951534 | 867 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__114169181 | en | Mercury Falling (apologies to Sting)
You may have read Emma's incisive comment on my previous post, questioning the relevance of US mercury emissions from power generation to the safety of CFLs here in Britain. I agree! The objective of my post was to put the case that the climate change resulting from (global) greenhouse gas emissions is a much greater threat to our safety than the trace amounts of mercury present in compact fluorescent lamps. However, I used American data that didn't answer the question of how CFLs contribute to mercury pollution in Britain.
To put this right, I have examined the mercury emissions arising here in Britain from the Government's Carbon Emissions Reductions Target (CERT) programme, that funded the free distribution and subsidised retail sale of CFLs. Rightly or wrongly, I am excluding any mining and manufacturing emissions of mercury in the production of these bulbs, since that took place outside the UK.
Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) of up to 20 watts contain under 5 milligrams (mg) of mercury, the metal vapour that emits ultra-violet light when the bulb is running. This U-V light excites the white phosphor coating inside the tubes of the CFL, causing the phosphor to fluoresce, and that's how fluorescent lighting works, in a nutshell! The typical quantity of mercury in a modern CFL is around 4mg mercury, commonly described as "enough to cover the writing tip of a biro".
Up to 350 million compact fluorescent lamps were distributed under CERT between 2008 and 2010, containing around 1.4 Tonnes of mercury in total. Each is expected to last up to 10 years and to be recycled appropriately at end of life - in which case there is no mercury leakage from CFLs. In practice, some of these lamps break and many are thrown in the bin when they stop working, releasing their trace of mercury to the environment.
To estimate the release of mercury from these 350 million CFLs, I have assumed that (1) 10% of them fail each year, for 10 years, giving an average working life of 5 years, and (2) HALF these CFLs are broken or binned, rather than being recycled properly. In this case, 17.5 million of those CFLs supplied under CERT will be broken each year, for 10 years, releasing around 70 kg of mercury a year to the environment.
How does this compare with other sources of mercury emissions here in the UK? The 2009 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory shows that 7.35 Tonnes of mercury were reported to be released in that year. Some of the sources were: 3.9 T from manufacturing and chemical industries, 1.5 T from cremation and clinical waste incineration, 1.3 Tonnes from power generation and 360kg from landfill.
So the amount of mercury released each year from the CFLs distributed under CERT represents just under one percent of the total annual emissions of this toxic metal in Britain. We are all exposed to this pollution, principally through our diets - because mercury enters the foodchain - and particularly if we eat the top marine predators like tuna and swordfish. But the quantities we ingest are minuscule and the risk they present to most of us is, frankly, trivial in comparison with the certain dangers of manmade climate change for us and our descendants.
We live in a 4-bedroom detached house. Shockingly, it has around 120 bulbs installed! I first surveyed the energy use of lighting in our home five years ago, when we had 34 energy-saving CFLs and 92 incandescent lights - including halogen lamps. We now have about 80 CFLs fitted and have replaced almost all the remaining incandescent bulbs with clean, bright LED lighting. Our electricity usage has halved over the same period, largely through fitting energy-efficient appliances including lighting.
I also have a small, medical thermometer containing mercury, that we used to put in our babies' mouths when they were unwell. The thermometer contains 2 - 3 times as much mercury as all the CFLs in my house. I am sad to say that climate change is a far greater threat to my grown-up babies' wellbeing than that thermometer ever was. | chemistry |
https://www.naturallyperfect.com/naturally-perfect-aqua-soluble-iodine-32b.html | 2024-02-29T09:20:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474795.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229071243-20240229101243-00514.warc.gz | 0.940401 | 504 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__25594022 | en | A Critical Dietary Component*
Aqua-Soluble iodine is a critical dietary component for those looking to promote total body health. Naturally Perfect’s Aqua-Soluble Iodine has been recognized by many health food stores and nutritionally-aware doctors, and is well known for:
- Supporting physical and mental development*
- Supporting optimal thyroid health*
- Assisting in the production of hormones to help promote metabolism*
- Helping to restore the electrical balance of your body*
Iodine Depletion in the U.S.
Like many other trace minerals, iodine once had a natural system to supply and replenish the soil of the earth. Wind carried iodine over the earth from the ocean, and rain deposited the iodine, along with other trace minerals, into the soil. From the soil, they were absorbed by plants, providing nourishment to the animals that ate these plants. Iodine was ultimately transferred to humans, whose diet included both plants and animal products.
However, the amount of iodine in the diet varied depending upon how much iodine was absorbed by the soil. By the early 1900s, wind-borne iodine was depleted by the time it reached the mid-United States. This region became known as the Goiter Belt, and the lack of iodine forced the U.S. government to promote iodine as an essential nutrient to be added to milk and, eventually, salt.
Why Our Aqua-Soluble Iodine Avoids Certain Iodides
Iodized salt can only accomplish so much, and certain iodides are not well tolerated by everyone. An excess of potassium or sodium iodide can potentially create heart palpitations, skin rashes, stomach disturbances, and other toxic reactions. Too much potassium or sodium iodide may depress the thyroid and upset the body's delicate electrical balance.
Naturally Perfect’s Aqua-Soluble Iodine is made from nontoxic iodine ammonium iodide and vegetarian glycerin, and is easily absorbed and assimilated into the body.
1 fl. oz. or approximately 610 drops
Aqua-Soluble Iodine Suggested Use
Mix 1 drops in 1 ounces of water. Take 1 to 3 times a day or as directed by your health care professional.
|Servings per container
|Amount Per Serving
|* Daily Value (DV) Not Established
Vegetable glycerine, Iodine and Ammonium iodide. | chemistry |
https://fasken.azureedge.net/en/faskeninstitute/2021/11/innovation-transport-lourd | 2022-08-17T13:29:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00635.warc.gz | 0.913255 | 314 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__184255589 | en | According to results of a recent survey undertaken by Hydrogène Québec and Innovitech, the integration of hydrogen in the heavy haul industry is one of five priority sectors in Québec. This industry trend towards hydrogen as a new type of energy is expanding, as is evidenced by the recent alliance between Cummins and Air Products in producing a new generation of heavy duty trucks powered by hydrogen.
To learn more about this recent partnership, the potential of hydrogen use in the heavy haul industry and assistance provided in Québec for those interested in this new type of energy, we invite you to a webinar entitled “Innovation in the Heavy Transportation Sector” on November 2, 2021, presented by Fasken, InnovÉÉ and Hydrogène Québec.
This webinar will be hosted by André Turmel, partner and co-leader of the Global Energy Group at Fasken, and presents the following panelists: Marie Lapointe, Executive Director at Hydrogène Québec; Thierry St-Cyr, General Manager at InnovÉÉ; Eric Guter, Vice President at Hydrogen for Mobility Solutions at Air Products; and Mark Jamieson, Senior Director of New Business Development – Electrification at Cummins.
8:30 a.m.: Opening remarks
8:35 a.m.: Brief presentation by panelists and joint panel
9:40 a.m.: Questions from attendees
9:55 a.m.: Closing remarks
Register for this event today. | chemistry |
https://cohpro.com/product/dirko-sealing-compound-70ml-2/ | 2023-03-29T17:09:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949009.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329151629-20230329181629-00623.warc.gz | 0.921456 | 185 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__285045644 | en | Sealant – Elring / Dirko / 70ml
Universal sealing compound
Please fill in the information along with your question below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
This sealing compound was developed especially to seal oil pans and housing covers.
Dirko Special Silicone (beige) is particularly well suited for sealing surfaces, gaps and cracks on components that are subjected to deformation in operation.
In contrast to other silicone sealing compounds, this compound is significantly harder after the vulcanization/curing time.
Thanks to this unique characteristic, the sealant does not tear off the component, even when subjected to heavy dynamic stress.
Our Part No.
D1 764 04 A2
£4.14 (Inc VAT)
3 in stock | chemistry |
https://www.tsavoritegreengarnet.com/rhodium-plating | 2019-04-26T10:38:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578765115.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20190426093516-20190426115516-00428.warc.gz | 0.922181 | 128 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__32358952 | en | What is Rhodium?
Of the platinum group metals and the most expensive metal in the world, rhodium is the most widely used material when tarnish prevention is of the highest priority.
Among rhodium's desirable properties is it's brilliant white color, high reflectivity, and resistance to incidental surface abrasion. It can be used as a final anti-tarnish finish over silver or nickel items to eliminate short term discoloration as silver typically is found to do. It is especially effective for necklaces and chains where contact with natural oils from the skin can quickly dull most non-gold jewelry items. | chemistry |
https://agabeautyboutique.com/product/sesderma-c-vit-liposomal-serum-30ml | 2022-01-18T07:54:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300805.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220118062411-20220118092411-00364.warc.gz | 0.842474 | 172 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__10301168 | en | Clarify your complexion with the Sesderma C-VIT Liposomal Serum. Supercharged by a saturated dose of Vitamin C, this serum revitalises the complexion, delivering essential nourishment to lacklustre skin. Most importantly, the vitamin enhances your skin’s natural regeneration process, helping to combat signs of ageing by blurring the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Also a powerful antioxidant, this multipurpose vitamin strives to repair and protect your skin, strengthening its natural barrier against harmful environmental aggressors. Specially formulated with nanotechnology, the serum deeply penetrates the pores, providing maximum effectiveness. Working in harmony, this blend revitalises and brightens the skin, restoring elasticity while leaving skin soft and smooth. Transform your skin from dull and dry to plump and radiant with this daily dose of Vitamin C. | chemistry |
https://angelusnews.com/local/california/la-county-residents-sue-over-pesticide-company/ | 2024-02-22T18:44:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00418.warc.gz | 0.920018 | 484 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__100161865 | en | A pesticide used on rice, sugar cane and grain crops sparked an outcry when it was linked to cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and celiac disease.
Last month, several Los Angeles county residents filed a class action lawsuit against the Monsanto Corporation alleging that the chemical company is guilty of falsely advertising the product. The plaintiffs are demanding a jury trial.
The chemical referenced in the lawsuit is glyphosate, the active ingredient found in the pesticide Roundup. The Monsanto website says the pesticide only “targets an enzyme found in plants but not in people or pets.” The filers call this assertion “blatantly false.”
Glyphosate targets the enzyme EPSP synthase, which the opponents say is indisputably found in humans — “over one hundred trillion bacteria that produce the targeted enzyme, EPSP synthase, can be found in people,” the plaintiffs state.
“When we eat crops sprayed with glyphosate, we ingest glyphosate, and detectable qualities accumulate in our tissues,” the plaintiffs write, adding, “Glyphosate has been detected in urine, blood, even breast milk — and 75 percent of rainwater samples.”
The gut bacteria affected by the pesticide is responsible for healthy digestion, metabolism and immune system function. “Inability to produce the enzyme spells death for both backyard weeds and gut bacteria.”
In crops, glyphosate absorbs directly through the plant leaves, stems, and roots, while “detectable qualities accumulate in plant tissues.
“Glyphosate works by inhibiting weeds from producing EPSP synthase — and once rendered unable to produce this enzyme — weeds cannot uptake minerals, nor can they make proteins from amino acids, and weeds then starve to death.”
Crops come into contact with glyphosate a second time when farmers, anxious to accelerate the ripening process, use small amounts of the chemical just before harvest time “to partially starve the crops, which mimics the ‘ripening’ process,” according to documentation submitted to the courts.
In March, the World Health Organization declared glyphosate a Group 2A carcinogen. Almost immediately afterwards, The American Cancer Society listed the chemical under the same category.
To become a member of the class action lawsuit, residents of California may contact T. Matthew Phillips at [email protected]. | chemistry |
http://livingwatershospital.org/service/laboratory-investigation/ | 2018-10-22T12:26:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583515041.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022113301-20181022134801-00100.warc.gz | 0.863144 | 309 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__69026111 | en | At our Laboratory, we are committed to providing laboratory services of optimum quality. We are a full-service laboratory with state-of-the art equipment and reagents as well as well-trained professionals to facilitate proper clinical diagnosis. Our quality control and assessment methods are rigorous and meticulous as we aim to bring our patients world-class clinical laboratory services.
Some of the Laboratory investigations the hospital is able to conduct include;
- Biochemistry (Blood Chemistry) like Cholesterol Total, Creatinine Serum, Blood Glucose Fasting and others
- ROUTINE HORMONAL ASSAY like Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone(LH) and others
- PROFILES & PACKAGES like Lipid Profile, Liver/Renal Function Test and others
- HAEMATOLOGY like Full Blood Count(FBC), Blood Grouping & RH Typing and others
- CLINICAL PATHOLOGHY like Urine complete anaylysis, Semen Analysis, Pregnancy Test and others
- MICROBILOGY like Grahm Stain-Sputum, AFB Stain- Urine Spot,Giemsa Stain and others
- CULTURE like Culture Urine, Sterility Checking and others
- SEROLOGY like Widal, VDRL, HBsAG-RAPID, HCV and others
- FLUID ANALYSIS, STONE ANALYSIS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES and MANY OTHERS. | chemistry |
http://www.essentialenergy.com.au/content/natural-gas-safety | 2013-12-13T20:14:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164989606/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134949-00030-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.923599 | 490 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__24788800 | en | Natural Gas Safety
Natural gas is predominantly methane - an odourless, colourless gas that does not become a liquid at normal temperatures. For safety reasons, an odour is added to the gas before it enters your home so that a person with a normal sense of smell can easily detect if any gas is escaping from appliances or piping.
Download our Natural Gas Safety brochure
If you have a gas leak:
About your gas meter and regulator
- If you suspect that there is a gas leak on any part of the gas installation then the gas supply should be turned off at the isolating valve, which is a ball valve that is closed when the handle is at right angles to the pipework.
- If you are unable to turn the gas off at the isolating valve or if, for example, the leak is on the house pipes then the valve at the inlet to the gas meter should be closed.
- Never use a naked flame to test for a gas leak and remove all sources of ignition. Do not switch on a light or use a mobile phone.
- In extreme cases, when the gas smell is very strong it may be necessary for you to evacuate the premises, leaving the door and/or windows open to allow the gas to disperse.
- All leaks should be reported to Essential Energy (or your natural gas retailer if you are not in the Essential Energy area) on 13 20 80.
Your gas meter measures the quantity of gas delivered and has a regulator to ensure that gas is received at the right pressure for safe and efficient use. Do not damage or adjust the gas meter or regulator in any way. Any defect in the gas meter should be reported to your natural gas retailer immediately.
Take care to ensure that all gas pipework is not damaged, subjected to any pressure or impact which may deform or pierce it.
Only appliances designed to burn natural gas can be connected to the natural gas network. Approved appliances feature an Australian Gas Association badge.
Connection to the gas mains, as well as the installation of natural gas appliances and equipment, must be done by a gas fitter or gas plumber licensed to the Australian Gas Association standard.
Essential Energy Emergency Contact
If you are experiencing an electricity or natural gas emergency in your home or vicinity, please call our dedicated emergency number on
13 20 80
- 24 hours a day, seven days a week. | chemistry |
http://www.franciscapayne.com/En/Index/pageView/catid/79.html | 2024-04-14T07:08:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816875.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414064633-20240414094633-00302.warc.gz | 0.855331 | 419 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__81525849 | en | Conch brand fiber cement board, namely autoclaved non-asbestos cellulose fiber cement slab（Cellulose Fiber Cement Sheets,Autoclaved，English abbreviation ACA）, is a green energy-saving board produced by imported virgin pulp fiber, Portland cement, high silica quartz sand, etc. through automated high-tech.The maximum size of the product can reach 1220*4880mm. It is a new type of construction and decoration material that integrates energy saving, environmental protection, fire and flame retardant, good weather resistance and convenient construction.It is widely used in exterior wall insulation decoration, interior wall decoration protection, wall material lining board, ceiling, floor slab, billboard, cabin partition, fire board, furniture partition and post-processing fields such as painting, perforation, embossing, etc.
The cement and siliceous material in the raw materials of Conch fiber cement board are autoclaved together, which is no longer a traditional cement board. It inherits the waterproof and anti-corrosion advantages of cement, and overcomes the shortcomings of ordinary cement products that are easy to dry and shrink.At the same time, the board does not contain harmful substances such as asbestos, which is a new type of building material with excellent performance and wide application.
Excellent product performance makes fiber cement board suitable for many fields such as architectural decoration：External wall insulation decoration system, partition wall (fire protection, sound insulation, etc.) system, ceiling system, floor system, roof system, wall material (board) lining system, real stone paint, UV transfer, sculpture and other subsequent processing fields.
Anhui Conch Venture New Energy-saving Building Material Co.,Ltd
Bozhou Conch Venture New Energy-saving Building Material Co.,Ltd | chemistry |
http://www.weightlossmeans.com/weight-loss-without-exercise/how-to-lose-weight-naturally-without-exercise-green-coffee/ | 2019-03-21T00:11:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202474.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20190320230554-20190321012554-00134.warc.gz | 0.955059 | 1,347 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__56884244 | en | Stay fit, stay healthy and enjoy life. This is the mantra that we all have been brought up with. But how many of us, in today’s times really are able to stay fit and healthy? Everybody knows that in order to be fit and healthy we need to maintain a disciplined lifestyle which includes healthy food, regular exercise, proper sleep etc. But given our busy schedules it is next to impossible to regulate our lifestyles. This results in obesity as we do not burn the calories that we intake. But neither we have time to do regular exercise nor we have adequate knowledge on how to lose weight naturally without exercise.
Obesity in turn leads to multiple other problems like Diabetes, coronary disease, kidney and liver problems, sleep disorders, stress, anxiety, depression to name a few. Hence the trick lies in maintaining our body weight. It is absolutely essential that we wake up to the ill effects of being overweight and take necessary steps to prevent weight gain or lose the extra weight we have already gained ASAP.
Most of the people do not have time to do exercise. So, the question is, how to lose weight naturally without exercise? While we are well aware of the benefits of healthy food, a well-balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, etc, that ensures we get all the essential nutrients, there are certain foods that have a slight edge over the others and are highly recommended by nutritionists and doctors all over the world. This is because of their anti-oxidant properties that help to curb obesity.
What exactly are anti-oxidants? To know that first we must know what oxidants are. Oxygen, which is essential for all living beings for respiration, can both be a blessing and a curse. The simple act of breathing in oxygen, among humans, results in the formation of molecules which are highly reactive. These are known Free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive and seek to react with other molecules and make the affected molecule a free radical itself. Therefore, a chain reaction starts. Reaction of free radicals with other molecules in the body results in oxidative damage that can cause a wide range of illnesses and diseases like heart diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorder, hypertension and many others. Therefore, neutralization of free radicals is necessary.
Hence we need antioxidants in our bodies to combat the Free radicals. Our bodies naturally produce anti-oxidants to neutralize the Free radicals thereby rendering them harmless to the cells. Antioxidants work at the cellular level benefiting various organs and contributing to our good health. Unfortunately, the anti-oxidants produced in our bodies are not enough to neutralize the free radicals. Hence the need for constant supply of external sources of anti-oxidants through our daily diets. If we know the anti-oxidant generating foods and vegetables and plan our diets accordingly we will be able to find answer to the question how to lose weight naturally without exercise. Also, Green Coffee, Apple Cider Vinegar, etc have been found to be extremely useful in weight loss and prevention of many diseases.
Vegetables like spinach, broccoli, kale, carrots, fruits like pineapples, strawberries, blueberries, grapes, green tea, green coffee beans, sunflower seeds, kidney beans, soya beans, fish like tuna, salmon, mackerel etc are known for their anti-oxidant properties.
But one food that answers the question how to lose weight naturally without exercise and has become a rage in the past few years is the Green coffee bean extract. It is touted as a revolutionary break through. Green coffee became famous in 2012 when it was called ‘a magic potion for weight loss’ by Dr. Oz.
Green coffee beans are beans that are not roasted. In its pure form the caffeine content is low. Green coffee contains a substance known as Chlorogenic Acid extracted from the rind of the beans which is Mother Nature’s answer to weight loss. According to a very famous study in the Journal of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) in its right concentration causes significant weight loss, lowers food intake and weight gain and tackles other health issues too.
CGA, with its antioxidant properties, is believed to have an effect on post meal blood sugar levels, boosts metabolism, cuts down on your carb absorption and blocks build up and accumulation of fat all of which aid in weight loss. It also manages stress hormones called cortisols, which helps you to manage your belly fat. As CGA stops making fat, it also stops the production of LDL (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides. The presence of serotonin helps you to sleep better and enhances your mood.
According to a study published in the ‘Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry’ in July 2004, CGA anti-oxidants in green coffee beans could actually stop the growth of four kinds of cancer cells, thus preventing cancer. Research also says that taking supplements of green coffee bean extracts with over 45% of CGA helps lower blood glucose levels along with numerous other benefits.
Green coffee bean powder need not be consumed as a hot drink only. Food writer and enthusiast Priyadarshini Nandy suggests, “A good way to enjoy the young flavour of the green bean extract is by making a version of virgin mojito out of it. Crushed ice, juice of half a lime, few sprigs of mint, cane or palm sugar and some of the green coffee extract-all roughly muddled together makes for an excellent daytime drink. And for gym rats, a fresh smoothie to start your day is always a good idea. To make it vegan use something like almond milk, add brewed green coffee, banana, some dates, maybe even a bit unsweetened cocoa powder and a few ice cubes and blend it on high speed. It can give your system a happy boost of energy .” This answers how to lose weight naturally without exercise. However, you will have to be consistent in your effort to lose weight. A sincere and consistent approach will bring success.
So if you really want that hourglass figure and want to get a healthy glow on your face that comes from within then go get your green coffee today. Stay fit and enjoy life. Find green coffee at highly discounted rate. Click here.
Since breakfast as a whole has a very significant role in controlling weight, a separate post titled ‘best weight loss breakfast ideas for Fitness‘ has been published here.
To know about weight loss through exercises read our post on easiest weight loss exercises-15 tips. | chemistry |
https://www.futuretrucking.co.za/fuchs-introduces-titan-cargo-maxx-sae-10w-40/ | 2022-08-10T21:21:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00485.warc.gz | 0.896101 | 393 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__34716942 | en | Fuchs Lubricants Premium Maxx Performance engine oil now includes Fuchs XTL-Technology, specially developed for vehicles with modern exhaust after-treatment systems and turbochargers. It provides ageing stability and improved fuel-economy over the entire drain-interval due to oxidation stability.
“The improvement in fuel economy over the drain-interval is based on Fuchs XTL technology compared with quality engine oils of the same SAE viscosity grade. It prevents deposits in engines and turbochargers and produces up to 27% lower oil consumption due to XTL while offering longer drain-intervals,” says Fatima Moolla, Product Manager Automotive, Fuchs Lubricants SA.
“Titan Cargo Maxx 10W-40 low-SAPS guarantees optimum protection for modern diesel particulate filters and catalysts. Due to minimum evaporation loss, oil consumption and turbocharger deposits are significantly reduced.”
“The new XTL technology offers maximum performance over the entire temperature range and ensures good cold-start properties even at very low temperatures, exceeding conventional UHDP lubricants in versatility and performance.”
“Because of the extensive performance profile, Titan Cargo Maxx 10W-40 is also suitable for older vehicles. It fulfills all the latest ACEA Ex Specifications in combination with API CJ-4. In addition, the oil is miscible and compatible with conventional branded engine oils,” she says.
“The oil also provides excellent wear protection even under high operation conditions, covers a wide application profile and is suited to mixed fleets.”
It displays high neutralisation behaviour against sour burning residues in combination with the latest Low-SAPS technology and fulfills all latest ACEA Ex specifications (ACEA E9/E7/E6/E4) in combination with API CJ-4 due to the excellent properties of XTL. | chemistry |
https://shop.theskinlab.ie/products/elastine-30ml | 2022-05-17T13:23:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662517485.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517130706-20220517160706-00389.warc.gz | 0.801959 | 198 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__298405721 | en | Biologique Recherche Line Correcting Serum 30ml
Please Login To Purchase
Developed as a powerful anti-wrinkle treatment, Elastine serum stimulates the synthesis of elastin, the protein responsible for the elasticity of skin tissue. It helps smooth out fine lines and wrinkles, and prevent new ones from forming. Skin becomes visibly smoother and tightened.
HOW TO USE
- If using for specific areas such as under the eyes, apply 3 drops to the palm.
- Use the ring finger to apply to the area.
- Can be used on forehead lines and lips too.
- Smoothing platform: Marine exopolysaccharide from the Iroise Sea, Hyaluronic acid (low molecular weight)
- Plumping platform: Elastin fragment, Complex of matrikines
- Mature skin
Size Available: 30ml | chemistry |
https://rvtechlibrary.com/engine/coolants.php | 2023-12-10T13:25:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102469.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210123756-20231210153756-00365.warc.gz | 0.941741 | 2,072 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__63760536 | en | Library Contents Search the Library RV Tech Library Help Page Site Map About Us Tiffin RV Network TRVN Classifieds Campground Reviews Photo Gallery TRVN Store
Appliances Batteries Boondocking/Dry Camping Chassis Clubs & Forums Electrical Electronics Engines Exterior Maintenance Generators Heating & Air Conditioning Interior Maintenance Misc Items Operating Tips Plumbing Red Bay Safety & Health Storage Supplier Contacts Tires and Wheel Rims Towing Transmissions Weighing
Coolants for Diesel Engines
One of the most asked questions by RV owners is "What kind of anti-freeze must I use in my engine?" In the automotive world this is a fairly easy question to answer. If it's an older vehicle use the "green stuff" and if it's newer, use the "pink stuff". Except diesel engines have greater cooling requirements than gasoline engines so we need to better understand what these needs are and what types of coolants exist.
The original green stuff is Ethylene Glycol anti-freeze, the stuff that's been used for years. Mixing it 50/50 with water will give freeze protection down to -42° and will raise the boiling point to 265° F. Additives will be found in these coolants to inhibit corrosion and lubricate water pump shafts and seals. While the coolant will generally retain it's freeze protection and raised boiling point, these additives will eventually wear out. When this happens, excessive wear on the water pump will occur, you'll see more mineral deposits clogging the radiator core, and corrosion will speed up. For this reason it's recommended to change your coolant every other year under normal driving conditions. Because Ethylene Glycol is highly toxic, a trend has been to use Propylene Glycol in it's place. PG is less toxic if ingested but it's coolant protection will be identical to EG. As a rule PG coolant isn't widely used because it costs more and the only benefit is that it isn't toxic, like EG coolant.
The pink stuff was introduced by GM in the late 90s and called Dexcool. This was a "maintenance free" coolant purported to have a 5 year lifetime. It was quickly adopted by other manufacturers and is widely available - know as ELC, or Extended Life Coolant.
So, what's the difference? The majority of modern coolants is identical, whether the traditional coolant or the Extended Life Coolant (ELC). The boiling and freeze points will remain identical in either. The biggest difference is found in the corrosion inhibitor additives. These additives are a small percentage of the coolant but they play a crucial role in maintaining your cooling system. Traditional coolant uses non-organic corrosion inhibitors, such as silicates, phosphates, and borates. The ELC coolant removes these and replaces them with organic salts. These inhibitors have a greater life span than the traditional inhibitors. That's why the 2 year life expectancy jumps up to 5 years with ELC coolants. Even though the coolants themselves are compatible, the additives are not. Because the chemistry is so different, it's not advisable to mix the two coolants. The additives will not get along all that well and your corrosion protection will suffer. It's best to flush the old coolant out before replacing with the new ELC. In an emergency, coolants can be mixed but be sure to have the system properly serviced when time permits. Some manufacturers have specific requirements so not all ELC coolants are universally accepted by every manufacturer. It's best to look for the "Global" ELC coolants because they will be more compatible across vehicle brands.
What about diesel engines? Heavy duty engines, such as diesel engines, require a heavy duty version of coolant. There are three basic types of coolants - automotive, heavy duty, and universal. The biggest difference between automotive and heavy duty coolants is how much aluminum corrosion protection they provide. This is controlled by adding silicates to automotive coolants while a coolant designed for heavy duty applications is low-silicate. A universal coolant will contain enough silicate for automotive use but keep it low enough to allow it to be used in heavy duty applications as well. However, if a low silicate coolant is used in heavy duty applications, Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) need to be added to the mix to provide adequate protection. This is especially important to reduce cavitation in diesel engines.
Cavitation is an important consideration in diesel engines. In order to improve heat transfer, many diesel engines use wet sleeve cylinder liners. This means that the coolant directly contacts the outside of the cylinder liner. These liners tend to vibrate under heavy duty operation. This vibration creates air bubbles that implode against the outer surface of the liner. This process is called cavitation and these bubbles can cause pitting and pin holing that can destroy the cylinder liner. That's why heavy duty coolants require a special nitrite inhibitors, defoamers, and buffers. These additives can be found in a separate container or they may be incorporated into the coolant, in which case it is known as Pre-formulated coolants. The SCA also help to reduce scale deposits in the system and aid in cooling improving heat transfer from the metal parts of the engine.
Check your SCA levels every 6 months or 25,000 miles (whichever comes first) to ensure that they are within tolerance. SCA test strips are available from Fleetguard filters, Freightliner dealers, or any other source of truck service or filer sales. If you are not using pre-formulated coolant then you will have to add the proper amount of SCAs at the initial fill. However, these SCAs will deplete over time and you will need to replenish them. If you have a coolant filter, it will be precharged with SCAs. The filter will help to maintain these levels but it won't bring up a "flat" system without getting an initial dose at fill up time. Regardless of the method of SCA distribution, pre-formulated, manually added, or SCA filter added, they will eventually wear out over time. Once they are gone you will suffer cylinder liner pitting, scaling, and corrosion.
Pre-formulated Coolant is a great aid to maintaining your cooling system. Two of the most popular coolants are Fleet Charge and various products by Fleetguard, which meet all of the requirements of diesel engine manufacturers. Fleet Charge and the Fleetguard coolants are pre-formulated coolants. It's an Ethylene Glycol based ELC coolant that is a universal coolant and will work in any application. It's SCA additives are reduced variability. In other words the SCAs won't wear out as fast as a non formulated coolant. If you need to add more coolant it is important to use more preformulated coolant in order to maintain the proper levels of SCAs. Either way, you will want to check those SCA levels on a regular basis. You can get them either pre-mixed, with deionized water or as pure coolant which you will need to mix with distilled water.
Proper maintenance of your cooling system's coolant will yield big benefits toward keeping your engine running nice and cool. Regular checking of SCA levels is an important point. Keeping your antifreeze to water ratio at 50/50 will result in the best balance between freeze protection and additive retention. Plus, using distilled water will reduce the amount of mineral in your cooling system. While tap water can be used, it varies greatly in mineral content and that's where a large part of your corrosion and blockage comes from. Also, if you use water that is highly softened, the salt will do a number on your coolant's additives. Stick with distilled water and you'll have less trouble later.
Addendum of 11/20/06:
Spartan chassis are being shipped with Final Charge Pre-formulated Coolant. Final Charge is a heavy duty coolant that works in any heavy duty engine. The biggest difference between Final Charge and other pre-formulated coolants is that Final Charge uses organic acid technology (OAT) to derive it's protection. This means that there are no phosphates, borates, nitrates, or silicates in Final Charge. You DO NOT add any SCAs nor do you have to check your SCA levels every 6 months. The coolant is designed for 600,000 miles or 6 years before it needs replacing but you do have to add a Final Charge Extender at 300,00 miles or 3 years. Final charge does not require coolant filters, inhibitors, or SCA additives not does it require monitoring. This appears to be the ideal coolant for an RV. If you have a recent Spartan chassis you should see a decal by the coolant surge tank advising that your unit is filled with Final Charge and warning you to not add any SCAs to the system. Final Charge is approved for Cat, Cummins, MB, or any other diesel engine. If you have trouble finding Final Charge you can also use Fleetguard's OAT coolant, which is compatible with Final Charge. That coolant is Fleetguard's ES Compleat OAT, which was formerly called Optimax. It is identical to Final Charge in that it lasts for 600,000 miles as long as the extender is added at 300,000 miles or 3 years. Generally ES Compleat OAT is more readily available at truck service centers.
Submitted by Mark Quasius - 2/21/06
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Absolutely No Affiliation exists between this group and Tiffin Motor Homes Inc or the Allegro Club. This website neither endorses or discourages the use or purchase of a Tiffin product. All references, suggestions, comments, etc. contained herein are the opinions/experiences of the posters and not those of Tiffin Motor Homes Inc. or the website administrators. | chemistry |
http://buvef.usn-projects.ru/radiocarbon-14-dating-procedure-246.html | 2021-05-08T01:29:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988831.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508001259-20210508031259-00332.warc.gz | 0.952203 | 406 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__112886506 | en | Age determinations can also be obtained from carbonate deposits such as calcite, dissolved carbon dioxide, and carbonates in ocean, lake, and groundwater sources.Cosmic rays enter the earth's atmosphere in large numbers every day and when one collides with an atom in the atmosphere, it can create a secondary cosmic ray in the form of an energetic neutron.
The method was developed by Willard Libby in the late 1940s and soon became a standard tool for archaeologists.
Libby received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1960.
The radiocarbon method was developed by a team of scientists led by the late Professor Willard F.
Libby of the University of Chicago in immediate post-WW2 years.
The radiocarbon dating method is based on the fact that radiocarbon is constantly being created in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen.
The resulting radiocarbon combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire in a sample from a dead plant or animal such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died.
Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 ± 40 years— during the succeeding 5,730 years.
Because carbon-14 decays at this constant rate, an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its residual radiocarbon.
Radiocarbon decays slowly in a living organism, and the amount lost is continually replenished as long as the organism takes in air or food.
Once the organism dies, however, it ceases to absorb carbon-14, so that the amount of the radiocarbon in its tissues steadily decreases.
As you learned in the previous page, carbon dating uses the half-life of Carbon-14 to find the approximate age of certain objects that are 40,000 years old or younger. | chemistry |
https://www.melboscrapmetal.com.au/we-buy/pvc-cables-and-wires/ | 2023-12-10T21:03:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102637.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210190744-20231210220744-00358.warc.gz | 0.91458 | 301 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__280640503 | en | Easy Collection and Recycling of PVC Cables & Wires Scrap
PVC is known for its exceptional properties like insulation and sheathing, and so it is widely used in various industries. However, scrap PVC cables and wire can be detrimental to your health. Moreover, it can even cause substantial damage to the environment.
Contact Melbo Scrap Metal to collect and recycle the scrap. We are specialists in sorting and recycling PVC cables and wire scrap. Being an Australian-owned company, we follow the environmental guidelines to recycle the scrap.
Since most PVC cables and wire contain a considerable amount of copper, it is considered valuable and fetches reasonable prices in the recycling market.
Why Recycle PVC Cables and Wires?
As the PVC cables and wires contain a high amount of copper, recycling them becomes essential to prevent excessive mining of copper and further damaging the environment. Besides, PVC compound is manufactured using fossil oil, and so recycling ensures the preservation of natural resources.
We recycle PVC cable and wire scrap:
- Household Cables
- Copper, Lead, and Aluminium Cables
- PVC Bright Cables
- Bus Looms
- Tinned Cables
- Low and High-Grade Cables
- Ethernet (Cat 5) Cable
- Coaxial Cable
- Wires from Electrical Appliance
- Heavy-duty Cable – Twin and Earth
Please note: Generally, the price of scrap metals depends on factors like weight and purity. | chemistry |
https://www.victoryroadfarm.com/products/refresh-hand-body-lotion | 2023-05-28T15:38:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644309.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528150639-20230528180639-00294.warc.gz | 0.716248 | 543 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__163716848 | en | Scented and enhanced with an exclusive blend of pure essential oils of Lemongrass, Sage, Vetiver, Lavendin, Pine Needle, Atlas Cedar, Jasmine and Cardamom, REFRESH Hand + Body Lotion offers a clean, slightly spicy, invigorating aromatherapy experience through carefully selected plant-based ingredients and the luxurious feel of genuine essential oils.
REFRESH lotion spreads easily and absorbs fast, providing nourishment in abundance. It soothes dry, sensitive skin and adds plenty of moisture to keep the skin supple, healthy and youthful. A unique formulation of Soy, Jojoba, Coconut and Palm extracts in combination with pure essential oils restores skin's natural balance for radiant health.
- Pure Plant-Based Ingredients, Cruelty Free
- No Petroleum Products, Parabens, Synthetic Fragrances, Parfums, Botanical Parfums, Artificial Colors, Formaldehyde or Sodium Lauryl Sulfate.
- Now available in 8 oz. and 12 oz. recyclable bottles.
- One of Jim's favorites! This is a great lotion for all to enjoy.
- Use with REFRESH Hand + Body Wash and/or REFRESH Shower Bombs for an even more enhanced aromatherapy experience.
Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Aloe barbadensis Leaf Juice, Vegetable Glycerin, Stearic Acid, Myristyl Myristate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ceteareth-20, Glyceryl Stearate, Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Butyrospermum parkii (Shea) Butter, Cetyl Alcohol, Cymbopogon flexuous (Lemongrass) Oil, Salvia officinalis (Sage) Oil, Vetiveria zizaniodes (Vetiver) Oil, Lavendula burnati (Lavendin) Oil, Pinus palustris (Pine Needle) Oil, Cedrus atlantica (Atlas Cedar) Oil, Jasminum sambac (Jasmine) Oil, Eliteria cardamomum (Cardamom) Oil, Carbomer, Calendula officinalis Flower Oil, Phenoxyethanol, Passiflora edulis (Passion Fruit) Seed Oil, Oryza sativa (Rice) Bran Oil, Euterpe oleracea (Acai Palm) Fruit Oil, Ethylhexylglycerin. | chemistry |
http://www.trinityguardion.com/trinity/ | 2013-05-24T21:18:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705069221/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115109-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.900983 | 354 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__120227885 | en | |.Features | Laundering|
The Trinity Bed Protection System is a launderable antimicrobial cover, designed to make bed surfaces cleaner for every person every time. This cleanliness is delivered in two ways:
The first layer of protection: LAUNDERABILITY
The Trinity Bed Protection System is constructed to be laundered to the CDC standard. This process of mechanical action, dilution, heat and chlorine eliminates 99.99% of microorganisms, while high-heat drying helps kill off residual bacteria and spores.
The second layer of protection: ANTIMICROBIAL
The face of the fabric contains silver ions encapsulated in ceramic carriers built into a polymer matrix to deliver an antimicrobial effect. Unlike previous silver ion applications that become ineffective after laundering, the silver ions remain intact and effective throughout regular washings in commercial laundries. The intent of the silver is reduce bio- burden while the patient is on the surface however the cover is intended to be laundered after each patient is discharged. The antimicrobial feature of the Trinity Bed Protection System removes 99.99% of bacteria from the surfaces it covers – including both the mattress AND the bed deck.
The Trinity Bed Protection System is available in numerous designs to fit almost all makes and models of hospital beds and stretcher. And because the launderable system eliminates blood and Betadine® stains, it makes even the oldest beds have a fresh, clean appearance. See detailed features of The Trinity Bed Protection System here>>
Protect your assets, fight infection-causing microorganisms and return rooms to a state of renewed cleanliness, all without exposing patients to potentially harmful residual chemicals – as your medical representative about The Trinity Bed Protection System, or contact us here to learn more. | chemistry |
http://fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130824/GJNEWS_01/130829606/-1/FOSNEWS0101&template=DoverRegion | 2015-01-31T19:00:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422120928902.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124173528-00177-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.882908 | 323 | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-06__0__25638452 | en | Hazardous waste collection set for Sept. 21
DOVER — A Household Hazardous Waste Collection Day will take place for the communities of Dover, Rollinsford, Lee, and Madbury on Saturday, Sept. 21, from 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, reducing and recycling household hazardous waste helps conserve resources and energy that would have otherwise been needed in the production of more products. Proper disposal also aids in preventing pollution that could harm human health and the environment.
Collections will be held at the Dover Community Services Garage on 271 Mast Road and proof of residency is required. The collection is for residents only, not businesses.
The following hazardous household chemicals will be collected for safe disposal: bathroom cleaner, disinfectants, furniture and metal polish, mothballs, oven cleaner, photo chemicals, rug cleaner, wood strippers, brush cleaner, corrosives, paint/stain/finish (lead and oil-based), rust preventive, solvents, thinner/turpentine, wood preservatives, acids, car waxes/polish, creosote, driveway sealers/tar, flea powder, gasoline, radiator flush, roofing tar, fertilizer with pesticides, fungicides, insect spray, lighter fluid, pest strips/traps, pesticides, poisons, and pool chemicals.
The following items are prohibited: Empty containers, new or used antifreeze or oil, latex paints, explosives, and asbestos.
For more information call Dover Community Service at (603) 516-6073. | chemistry |
https://catela.com.au/product/bracelet/ | 2022-08-11T22:56:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00531.warc.gz | 0.889252 | 143 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__52670872 | en | Tadelakt is an ancient craft tradition originating from Morocco. This exquisite decorative finish allows you to create stone, marble like finishes for walls, bathrooms, furniture, sculptures, art pieces, basins, bathtubs and showers. Tadelakt’s key feature is its seamless finish. This is achieved by compressing the lime plaster, then polishing it with a river stone. A black olive soap is then applied, causing a natural chemical reaction with the lime plaster. This creates a layer of calcium stearate and produces a very hydrophobic waterproof surface. Tadelakt is 100%. natural eco-friendly, breathable material, that creates an earthly calming ambiance. | chemistry |
http://probeauty.co.za/cosmetic%20drone.htm | 2018-05-24T13:39:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866326.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524131721-20180524151721-00019.warc.gz | 0.881572 | 398 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__64574395 | en | ENTRANCE POLICY: Professional Beauty is reserved for trade and professional visitors only. Due to the professional nature of the event, babies and children under 16 cannot be admitted.
The era of cosmetic drones is here02 May 2018Premium Greek skincare brand, Juliette Armand, is utilising cosmetic drones in its anti-ageing and body products to deliver active ingredients to specific skin cells.Say the experts at Juliette Armand: “Our cosmetic drone technology uses ligands to act as navigators to lead the drone capsule to target cells and bind to their receptors. This results in the penetration of the active components into the epidermis.” They note that three types of skin cells are targeted – fibroblasts (for anti-ageing), skin neurons (for a botox-like effect) and adipocytes (for body slimming). In terms of the encapsulation of the active ingredients, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-50 is targeted at fibroblasts, Cu-Palmitoyl Heptapeptide-14 at the fibroblasts of the eye area, Palmitoyl heptapeptide-52 at skin neurons and Coccoloba uvifera fruit extract at adipocytes. “Thus, polymers (i.e. the polymer base of the active ingredients) penetrate the epidermis easily due to their small size (i.e. 220nm) and then the navigators / ligands choose the target cells. Navigators are linked to targets and the polymers penetrate the target cells via endocytosis. Once the polymers penetrate, they break down and release the active ingredients,” explains the Juliette Armand team.Some of the brand’s products that utilise cosmetic drone technology are Chronos Hydra Correct Cream; Opsis Eye Cream; Thavma Hydra Lifting Cream; and Schema Body Sculpt Total Tech. | chemistry |
http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2005/10/another_nobel_for_caltech.php | 2021-11-29T21:11:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358842.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20211129194957-20211129224957-00349.warc.gz | 0.961434 | 137 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__67039304 | en | Organic chemist Robert Grubbs won the 2005 Nobel Prize in chemistry this morning, sharing the prize with another American and a French researcher. Says Caltech:
Grubbs and this year's other two winners were cited specifically "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis." Metathesis is an organic reaction in which chemists selectively strip out certain atoms in a compound and replace them with atoms that were previously part of another compound. The end result is a custom-built molecule that has specialized properties, such as better drugs for the treatment of disease, or better electrical conducting properties for specialized plastics.
That's Nobel number thirty-two for Caltech. | chemistry |
https://www.praterindustries.com/industries-served/chemical-processing/ | 2023-12-03T10:28:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100499.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203094028-20231203124028-00009.warc.gz | 0.914128 | 553 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__277293650 | en | Prater Industries provides chemical processing equipment and systems for companies around the world to create customized manufacturing solutions, including chemical manufacturing. Prater offers some of the highest quality chemical processing equipment in the industry, capable of withstanding the most toxic of chemicals. Our customers consist of leading companies within the chemical industry, including BASF, Borden Chemical, DOW, and DuPont. We work to assist them in maintaining and increasing their efficiency and productivity by streamlining their processes. We do this by incorporating specialized chemical processing equipment into their manufacturing systems, providing a variety of customized solutions that offer manufacturers unparalleled reliability and durability.
Industries Prater serves that utilize chemical manufacturing processes include:
- Recreation industry (including golf clubs, playground apparatus, exercise equipment, ski poles, etc.)
- Oil and gas industry (including piping, pipelines, valves, gas pumps, etc.)
- Motor vehicle industry (including filters, motorcycles, door handles, windshield wipers, steering wheels, suspension systems, radiators, braking systems, luggage racks, mirror brackets, vehicle chassis, etc.)
- Lawn and garden equipment fabrication industry (including lawnmowers, snowblowers, barbecue grills, garden tools, wheelbarrows, patio furniture, shovels, etc.)
- HVAC industry (including heaters and heating systems, air conditioners, ventilation ducts, etc.)
- Healthcare industry (including medical devices, wheelchairs, surgical instruments, etc.)
- Electronics industry (including motor housings, connectors, lighting fixtures, computers, telecommunications equipment, transformers, etc.)
- Construction industry (including cranes, earth-moving equipment, forklifts, etc.)
- Architectural industry (including components for facades, bathroom fixtures, metal doors, signage, structural steel, mailboxes, windows, shutters, etc.)
- Appliance industry (including refrigerators, gas and electric ranges, microwave ovens, dishwashers, water heaters, washing machines, dishwashers, etc.)
- Agricultural industry (including grain and feed storage systems, tractors, trailers, plows, etc.)
Many other products utilize chemical manufacturing to increase the durability and lifespan of their products, such as fire extinguishers, water pipelines, satellite dishes, and fire hydrants.
Chemical Processing Equipment
Prater works within our customers’ budgets while also ensuring our equipment meets their needs. Our chemical processing equipment is used globally by companies both small and large.
Prater Industries solutions for chemical processing include:
- Classification & Separation
- Feeding/Metering/Rotary Airlocks
- Particle Size Reduction
- System Design & Integration
- Toll Processing
Our chemical processing equipment includes: | chemistry |
https://www.outdoor-spirit.co.uk/waterproof-fabrics | 2021-10-16T06:20:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323583423.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016043926-20211016073926-00394.warc.gz | 0.932956 | 300 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__291938379 | en | Get Dr Martens boots from Dumfries' No.1 Outdoor Shop
Everyone should have "waterproofs" for wet outdoor conditions and we now expect modern waterproof outdoor clothing to be "breathable". Waterproof breathability can be achieved during garment manufacture in one of two ways:
A polyurethane coating is applied to the fabric. This will allow water vapour to be transmitted through the molecular chain to the outside edge where external water, such as rain, is repelled. This is referred to as a "hydrophilic" coated fabric.
Hydrophilic means that the coated side of the fabric draws water through the coating. Hydrophilic = water-loving.
Some hydrophilic-coated fabrics are also fluorocarbon proofed to enable water droplets to bead on the outside edge, and then literally run off. This will prevent the fabric from "wetting out".
If a garment wets-out, it will appear as though the water is soaking or saturating the fabric.This can block the path of escaping water vapour.Fluorocarbon is known as "hydrophobic", or water-hating.
2. Waterproof membranes
Gore-Tex is the most widely used and globally recognised breathable, waterproof membrane.
However this doesn't suit all types of outdoor clothing so there are waterproofing agents that can be applied to garments to give them or help maintain waterproofing and breathability. | chemistry |
https://www.atrium-uk.com/training/health-and-safety/bsc-level-2-principles-of-coshh/ | 2023-09-23T21:39:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506528.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923194908-20230923224908-00132.warc.gz | 0.930481 | 164 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__74847355 | en | What you need to know
This one day course (typically 09:00 – 16:00) is designed for all employees who use substances that may be hazardous to health at work. It introduces students to substances, the risks and controls available. It also outlines what to expect from a control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) assessment. The qualification will prepare employees to contribute to the safer use and storage of hazardous substances in their workplaces.
Assessment is done by a multiple choice test paper.
The course covers the following topics:
- Definition and types of substances hazardous to health in the workplace
- Health effects of hazardous substances and their causes
- COSHH assessments and control options
- Responsibilities imposed by the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 | chemistry |
https://en.mbiotechnology.com/technology | 2024-04-15T09:15:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816954.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415080257-20240415110257-00612.warc.gz | 0.913076 | 961 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__198305439 | en | Our Core Technologies
We discovered glycolipid-antigens specific to the mycoplasma membrane, and have succeeded in the synthesis of antibodies at a commercial scale.
M Bio Technology holds international patents for this core technology (substance patents and vaccine manufacturing patents)
Discovery of an antigen specific to the membrane structure of mycoplasma bacteria
Since mycoplasma are the smallest of bacteria, it has not been possible to identify a specific antigen on its cell membrane. However, building on more than 30 years of research, we have finally discovered glycolipid-antigens that are specific to mycoplasma membranes.
We succeeded in structural analysis and chemical synthesis of the antibody
With extensive research and joint projects, we fully identified the structure of the glycolipid-antibodies and have succeeded in optimizing the chemical synthesis of antibodies for high quality large-scale productions.
This novel discovery alters the prospective path to diagnosis (MID Prism), therapeutics and prevention (including vaccine development) for Mycoplasma Infections Diseases.
[Key Publications - see also publication]
About Our Portfolio
Discovery of glycolipid-antigens specific to the mycoplasma membrane, and successful chemical synthesis of the antibody at a commercial scale.
MID Prism (Diagnosis)
"Mycoplasma lipid antigen" was originally discovered by M Bio Technology and successfully synthesized. We have already established an antigen-antibody test method to measure IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody titers individually.
The diagnostic method based on the antigen-antibody reaction (ELISA method) of mycoplasma has been established for a long time, but its sensitivity has never been high. This is because the antigen used in the test kit uses cell membranes and peptides extracted from natural mycoplasma. The test is composed of a « non-uniform material system » and the test accuracy is limited. After 30 years of research, M Bio Technology has successfully identified and chemically synthesized a mycoplasma-specific lipid antigen (glocolipid-antigen) and patented it. The "mycoplasma lipid antigen antibody test" that we have developed is chemically synthesized. It uses high fidelity antigens guaranteeing extremely high uniformity and reproducibility. Although limited to Japan, this diagnostic method has already been used at designated institutions. This method can measure the presence or absence of two types of mycoplasma infection, mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma fermentas .
We have established vaccine technology using "mycoplasma pseudoparticles", which are chemically synthesized with the exact same antigen as the natural mycoplasma lipid antigen
For the first time in the world, we are developing a new concept vaccine that has high therapeutic and preventive effects on mycoplasma infection which has been tested for safety. Mycoplasma mimic particles, which are chemically synthesized glycolipid antigens (glycolipid-antigen) present on the cell membrane, are administered into the body to promote an immune reaction and produce antibodies. In addition to this prophylactic process of obtaining immunity against infectious diseases, immuno-therapy-like applications that induce monoclonal antibodies to be used as therapeutic agents in bioreactors are being developed together with pharmaceutical companies. M Bio Technology holds a series of patents for identification of chemically identified glycolipid antigens, chemical synthesis, and production of simulated mycoplasma particles. In addition to joint development, M Bio Technology is also negotiating license out.
We have also succeeded in producing a monoclonal antibody specific to mycoplasma by further developing the MID vaccine technology. We are continuing to develop the world's first antibody drug for mycoplasma.
We are developing the basic technology to obtain a large amount of monoclonal antibody by introducing artificially synthesized "mycoplasma mimicking particles" into a bioreactor. We have already completed the production of antibodies for mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma fermentas , and characterized the antibody production mechanism. In the future, we will carry out joint development and clinical trials with pharmaceutical companies with the aim of having the world's first antibody drug for mycoplasma infection approved.
About Our Portfolio
CEO presentation on BIO-Europe Spring Digital | chemistry |
https://wandafulherbs.com/product/topical-soothing-cream-1000mg/ | 2020-10-26T03:15:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107890273.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20201026031408-20201026061408-00350.warc.gz | 0.854599 | 966 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__35369122 | en | No upcoming events
Add Sea Moss To Your Mornings!
Infused with Organic coconut oil, argan oil, shea butter, full-spectrum hemp extract and 10+ botanicals.
Our Natural Body Cream absorbs on contact leaving skin feeling soft, smooth and hydrated.
- Leaves skin feeling smooth never greasy
- Multiple cannabinoids
- Naturally soothing ingredient profile
- May lessen skin inflammation
- Keeps skin hydrated and moisturized
- May increase antioxidant activity and reduce free radical damage
- May support skin healing and protection
- May reduce signs of aging (wrinkles, lines, scars, damage)
- May improve skin health and appearance
CANNABINOID PROFILE: Full Spectrum
Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors are present in our skin cells. Dysregulation of the ECS is thought to be associated with a variety of dermatological disorders.CBD also has potent antioxidant effects, which means it can neutralize the free radicals that cause oxidative stress and contribute to the aging process. Research has also shown that CBD has anti-microbial effects.
KEY INGREDIENT PROFILE:
Cocos Nucifera oil or coconut oil is rich in fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins that actively fight the free radicals that cause cellular damage. Fatty acid content is in its hydrogenated form. Cocus Nucifera Extract is widely used in natural skincare and beauty products because when topically applied coconut has a moisturizing effect and prevents water loss. Research and anecdotal evidence show coconut oil may have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that help soothe inflammation.
Argan oil is the oil expressed from the kernels of the argan tree. When used in cosmetics and personal care products, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil functions as skin-conditioning agents. An oil rich in essential fatty acids, vitamin E and other vital nutrients. It nourishes and protects elasticity and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Shea Butter has been used by the indigenous peoples of West Africa to not only restore, soothe and protect their skin but also to treat inflammation, rashes, dermatitis, and irritated skin thanks to its excellent healing properties. Studies of shea butter enriched triterpene esters indicate potential epidermal protection and revitalization of the skin.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Cool Relief Roll-On 1000mg$66.49Add to cart
Original Hemp Cool Relief CBD Roll-On can be used any time of day – whether you want to soothe aching muscles after a morning workout, ease body discomfit during a long workday, or get targeted relief before bed – we know our Cool Relief roll-on is the perfect solution to getting you back to the comfortable, active life you want. Infused with Full Spectrum Hemp Extract, Menthol Crystals, Capsicum, Organic Aloe Leaf Juice & 20 Natural Botanicals. Robust Full Spectrum Cannabinoid Profile Great for Daily Use Non-Psychoactive USA Grown and Manufactured 3rd Party Tested 2018 Farm Bill Compliant Vegan Gluten-Free Paraben-Free Ingredients:Organic Aloe Leaf Juice*, Meadowfoam Seed Oil, Menthol Crystals*, Capsicum Fruit Oleoresin*, White Camphor Bark oil*, Sweet Basil Leaf oil*, Black Pepper Oil, Roman Chamomile Flower Oil, Full Spectrum Hemp Extract*, Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol*, German Chamomile Flower Oil, Cinnamon Leaf Oil*, Cintronella Oil*, Eucalyptus Leaf Oil, Helichrysum Flower Oil*, Ginger root oil, Pink Grapefruit peel oil, Juniper Berry Oil, Lemongrass oil, Peppermint Oil, Pine Needle Oil, Ravensara Oil, Rosemary Leaf Oil, Spearmint Oil, Wild Oregano Oil, Glycerin, Witch Hazel Water, Organic Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Carbomer, Triethanolamine, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended …
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https://derkleinesalon.at/products/pure-nailpolish-ami | 2020-01-25T05:37:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251669967.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125041318-20200125070318-00271.warc.gz | 0.843627 | 312 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__92626586 | en | PURE Nailpolish Ami
Bio-based nail polish.
Containing 84% plant-sourced natural ingredients and enriched with starflower oil and plant keratin, Ami is eco-friendly and nail-friendly. What’s more, this polish boasts an intense raspberry colour and a 100% vegan formula. You and Ami will be BFFs!
This nail polish keeps it green with its eco-friendly, 10-free formula containing 84% bio-based ingredients. Smooth coverage, glossy shine and up to five days of colour - providing you let it dry fully before putting your jacket on! Au revoir petrochemical solvents and bonjour plant-based replacements! Nailmatic's PURE color range uses solvents derived from renewable, natural origin raw materials such as potato, maize, cotton and wheat. In addition to this, the PURE color range is also free from paraben, toluene, dibutyl phthalate, formaldehyde, xylene, styrene, camphor, resin of formaldehyde, benzophenone-1 and nanoparticles. Vegan-friendly and cruelty-free. Made with pride in France.
Content: 8 ml / 0.27 fl. oz.
Color: Raspberry Pink
Soon in stock again!
Preis inkl. MwSt., zuzügl. Versand
Price incl. VAT, plus delivery
is back-ordered. We will ship it separately in 10 to 15 days. | chemistry |
http://sugarwars.org/product/b-fresh-inc-cinnamon-gum-100-gum/ | 2018-01-20T15:22:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889660.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120142458-20180120162458-00564.warc.gz | 0.924091 | 372 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__217611512 | en | B-FRESH Gum and Mints dramatically revolutionize the breath-freshener market. Breath fresheners that are available to the consumer today are basically designed to mask the odor of bad breath by covering the problem with a strong flavor. B-FRESH Products naturally alter the pH levels in your mouth so that bacteria that cause tooth decay, plaque and bad breath are eliminated. B-FRESH Products contain no sugar, salt or preservatives. The patented formula combining zylitol, calcium and B-12 vitamins enables B-FRESH to out perform any breath product on the market today. The Cool Taste of Xylitol Xylitol has a negative heat solution and this causes a very pleasant cooling effect when it dissolves in the mouth. This gives xylitol a taste edge over sugar and other polyol sweeteners. The effect is particularly well illustrated in B-FRESH gum & mints. Naturally Sweet Xylitol is a naturally-occurring sugar substitutes. It is found in many fruits and vegetables and is even produced by the human body itself. Commercially, Xylitol is made from xylan rich hemi-cellulose sources such as birch and other hardwoods. Xylitol is the sweetest of all bulk sugar substitutes. It is just as sweet as sucrose, tastes as good and has no after-taste. Xylitol has 40% less calories than sugar and for this reason, a caloric value of 2.4 kcal/g is accepted for nutritional labeling in the EU and the US.
Naturally eliminates bacteria causing tooth decay, plaque and bad breath
Tasty cinnamon flavor without sugar, salt or preservatives
Vegan, Gluten Free, GMO Free and Soy Free
Sweetened with 100% Xylitol
Excellent Source of Water Soluble Calcium | chemistry |
https://smallandwild.com/pages/ingredients-information | 2023-10-03T23:44:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511284.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003224357-20231004014357-00676.warc.gz | 0.669389 | 140 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__79505926 | en | Magnesium Sulphate (Epsom) Salt, Maris Sal (Dead Sea and Himalayan) Salts, Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride (Fractionated Coconut Oil), Anthemis Nobilis (Camomile) Flower Oil, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Linalool, Geraniol, Limonene, Citronellol
Store in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight and keep out of reach of children. If any irritation occurs discontinue use. Do not consume. Suitable for use from 3yrs old. | chemistry |
http://www.leapzipblog.com/blog/read/394744/research-report-explores-the-global-coating-additives-market-size%2C-status-and-forecast-2018-to-2027/ | 2019-10-21T19:52:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987787444.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20191021194506-20191021222006-00513.warc.gz | 0.936147 | 845 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__63646150 | en | August 29, 2019 by Steve Blade
The Fact.MR report on coating additives market is aimed at helping readers with a complete understanding of coating additives market and the application areas of coating additives, with useful conclusions about every application area of coating additives market. Fact.MR analysis on coating additives market is an amalgamation of both secondary and primary techniques, offering information on both historical as well as futuristic growth prospects of coating additives market. The data collected in both the research phases for coating additives market have been closely analyzed and included with cent percent credibility for fuelling viable business expansion in coating additives market.
The Fact.MR research study on coating additives market provides ground-breaking insights on the coating additives market, which equips the readers with the ability to make fact-based decisions to expand in coating additives market. The report on coating additives market elaborates on the growth prospects, untapped opportunities, and overarching trends pushing transformations in the coating additives market. The report on coating additives market presents unmatched and unbiased information on the coating additives market landscape, which helps the readers with investment-making ideas.
Request Free Sample Report Here: https://www.factmr.com/connectus/sample?flag=S&rep_id=2427
Chapter 1 – Coating Additives Market Executive Summary
Chapter 2 – Coating Additives Market Overview
Chapter 3 - Coating Additives Market Associated Indicators Assessment
Chapter 4- Coating Additives Market Demand Supply Outlook
Coating Additives Market Remains a Consolidated Landscape
The report also indicates that innovative products such as multifunctional additives, silicone based additives, and green coating additives are expected to witness a spike in demand, giving a major boost to the overall growth of coating additives market. According to the research study, product developments and technological innovations remain the key facets boosting the bottom lines of companies operating in the market space. Moreover, moderate pricing and diverse product portfolio are anticipated to be the major factors driving the industry over the foreseeable future.
According to the Fact.MR study, the coating additives market remains a consolidated landscape and portrays the reign of leading players with strong product portfolios. The tier 1 players in the coating additives market have been identified to hold approximately 45-50% revenue share and remain highly focused on go-to market strategies aimed for reaching out to the customer segments in a much more efficient manner.
Demand for Rheology Additives Proliferates, Need for Enhancing Properties of Formulation-based Products Providing a Fillip
Rheology modifiers are used across multiple industries, notably cosmetics and paints. They are widely used for scaling up system viscosity – and thereby ameliorating crucial aspects such as storage stability and film thicknesses.
The demand for rheology additives is witnessing a spike as manufacturers focus on making quality upgrades, such as making fluids less prone to dripping, upgrading their textural profiles, and extending their shelf life.
Flow behavior remains one of the most important and highly-valued features in case of coating compositions, which is immensely taken care of by the rheology additives. With flow behavior of coating compositions having deep-rooted influences on their application and film formation, the demand for rheology additives is foreseen to rev up by a notable margin.
Coating Additives Market- Additional Questions Answered
The research study on coating additives market answers addresses vital questions related to the coating additives market scenario, aiding market players of coating additives to frame appropriate business strategies to build a stronger presence in the coating additives market. Apart from addressing all the vital concepts instrumental for determining the growth potential of coating additives market, some of the additional questions answered in the coating additives market report include-
Have Any Query?? Ask Our Industry Expert:
Fact.MR is a fast-growing market research firm that offers the most comprehensive suite of syndicated and customized market research reports. We believe transformative intelligence can educate and inspire businesses to make smarter decisions. We know the limitations of the one-size-fits-all approach; that's why we publish multi-industry global, regional, and country-specific research reports.
11140 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852 | chemistry |
https://dhabroad.com/natural-products/klean-hand-sanitizer-crisp-lavender/ | 2020-11-01T01:34:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107922746.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20201101001251-20201101031251-00108.warc.gz | 0.904367 | 457 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__208732717 | en | Klean + Hand Sanitizer Crisp Lavender
Klean + Hand Sanitizer Crisp Lavender is a natural, antiseptic sanitizer infused with essential oils to protect your skin, not dry it out.
This hand sanitizer use no toxic ingredient and leaves your hands feeling soft and moisturized. The Crisp Lavender scent is a customer favorite and is gentle enough for the entire family to use throughout the day.
- Fights 99.9% of common germs
- Shields hands from germ-based infection
- Formulated with essential oils and Vitamin E
- Sulfate Free
- Paraben Free
- Cruelty Free
Although Klean + manufactured hand sanitizer long before the recent pandemic, their recent batches are also formulated to fight COVID-19, with government approved ingredients.
Klean + Hand Sanitizer Ingredients
Klean + Hand Sanitizer Crisp Lavender uses food grade pure ethanol. Though this is four times the cost, it makes sure that your hand sanitizer doesn’t have any hidden toxins that may be found in non-pure ethanol. In conclusion, you can be sure that Klean + is better for your hands and better for your family.
- 67% Food Grade Ethyl Alcohol
- Aqua (water)
- Lavender Oil
- Eucalyptus Oil
- Rosemary Oil
- Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride
- Vegetable Glycerine
Klean + essential oils are of the best quality due to strict processing and using high quality ingredients. Every bottle of sanitizer goes to support local sustainable jobs in the USA and Vietnam.
Klean + have a passion about healthy living. Above all, they set out to create natural antiseptic hand sanitizers that smell great, have therapeutic properties due to therapy grade essential oils and are moisturizing enough for repetitive daily use.
Shop more Healthy Options for Total Health
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated these statements. These following products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
This page contains affiliate links. See the full advertising disclosure here. | chemistry |
http://trisoplast.nl/ | 2017-04-23T17:50:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118740.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00205-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.874947 | 227 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__218036019 | en | Trisoplast: the innovative mineral barrier for environmental protection and waterproofing
The understanding and need for environmental protection plays an increasingly important role world-wide. Effective sealing systems with high lifetime expectations are required to protect our ground water, air and soil.
Trisoplast ® is a patented mineral barrier consisting of a mixture of sand and a special bentonite clay - polymer component. It is used to build
robust isolation layers with an extremely low permeability. These layers have
sealing properties like the highest quality of clay, shear strength like sand, a
chewing-gum like flexibility and the high durability of its mainly natural
mineral components improved by modern polymer technology. In addition to being
used for normal water insulating purposes, the flexible Trisoplast mineral
barrier is used for a wide range of applications to prevent contaminated water
from entering the environment.
Trisoplast is mainly used in 4 different segments:
- Landfills, Remediation and Mining
- Infrastructure and Construction
Supplying the best mineral barrier in the world, all over the world | chemistry |
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