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kuiy1k
|
. Why are fossil fuels bad for the environment?
|
Earth Science
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gis4sjt",
"gis51ki",
"gis4rf5",
"gis5cq1",
"gis6opa"
] |
[
"1) We have to tear up the environment in order to get them. That's damaging on its own, but then if there's an incident at a plant that extracts these oils or with a ship that is transporting these oils, then it causes an even more harm to wildlife, water supplies and soil quality. 2) You have to produce a lot of pollution to process them. 3) You have to produce a lot of pollution to use them up (if burning them like in the case of gasoline for your car). 4) The fossil fuels that get made into plastics wind up as trash in either landfills where they don't degrade or in the oceans and seas. Here, they can straight up kill wildlife, or get consumed by wildlife and in turn consumed by us people when we eat that wildlife. Or it makes its way back into our own drinking water."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
g2ovy0
|
What is Gene Regulation and Transcription of a gene?
|
In my biology class, we're learning about gene regulation/expression and transcription of a gene. I sort of understood what gene regulation is, but I still don't understand the steps that go with the process and what transcription is along with what is the purpose of that. I also don't understand the clear difference between needing mRNA to be synthesized through DNA? I appreciate your help.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fnmxx2d"
] |
[
"The overall purpose of DNA is that it is many times more stable than RNA, which allows for more complex organisms. The double strand of the DNA structure means that when a nucleic acid is damaged then the whole structure is compromised and it can be repaired or destroyed before it goes on to encode a protein that may be ineffective or harmful. When it comes time to actually create a protein for your body though DNA is far too massive. It contains instructions for every single protein in your body. So a small piece of DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA and that RNA strand will contain only the instructions for the specific protein that needs to be made. Think of DNA as a physical cookbook that contains 200,000 recipes. The book is way to big to move around but there are many cooks that need that information to do their jobs. RNA is a copy of a single recipe that is delivered to the cook who needs the information."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6ze4zf
|
Why is it difficult to watch an amazing movie more than once but we can listen to an album we love on repeat for weeks on end and not get bored?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmukzhf"
] |
[
"That sounds like a personal issue. I know many people who watch movies repeatedly. What you may be getting at though is the fact that for a movie or a TV show you essentially have to shut out the rest of the world to watch it. Listening to music takes less of your attention and it's easier to do other things while listening to it than it is to do other things while watching a movie."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hu193d
|
How can cameras take videos with 24 frames per second while having a shutter time which is far longer than 1/24?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fykc05h"
] |
[
"OP, which camera do you know of that has this functionality? I'm not familiar with any that can do it--the only way I can imagine it working is with digital processing--taking much faster images and compositing them to make an effective (1/6) of a second shutter speed....but I don't know. If you could name a model which does this then I could research it for ya."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
i1hde2
|
Why are most hazmat suits yellow in colour?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fzxeqyt",
"fzxi2k8",
"fzxu5b2"
] |
[
"So they can be spotted, hazmat suits can be used in an active situation so when there are chemicals in the air creating a fog or when a building has collapsed or was on fire, all these times being able to be clearly identified and possibly rescued it helps to stand out."
] |
[
25
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7zk6v4
|
How percolator style coffee brewers work.
|
I have a general idea, but my mind can't seem to put the details together for me.
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"duomn49"
] |
[
"Expanding steam forces the hot water up onto the basket of coffee grounds, where it drips down and mixes with the water in the pot. Once the steam has lifted the water, it rushes out and is replaced with more hot water. Some of that water boils into expanding steam and the process repeats."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
b9wwcw
|
Why did ants ( and other insects maybe idk) get an exoskeleton rather than a normal skeleton?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ek7hjqf",
"ek7ldsl"
] |
[
"Because a hard outer shell doubles as protection from predators, as well as anchor points for muscles. Endoskeletons evolved to provide otherwise soft-bodied animals leverage to generate more power in their appendages without sacrificing as much flexibility as an exoskeleton."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[
"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/03/04/science/trilobites-1393889944421/trilobites-1393889944421-videoLarge.jpg",
"https://i.pinimg.com/originals/02/19/83/021983b5aef75ae3287aa4384a9d1f1d.jpg",
"https://images.slideplayer.com/14/4427902/slides/slide_11.jpg",
"https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematoda.html",
"https://www.academia.edu/891357/Early_terrestrial_animals_evolution_and_uncertainty",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Myriapod_collage.png/1200px-Myriapod_collage.png",
"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Prashant_Sharma18/publication/326569287/figure/fig1/AS:652419352498176@1532560303089/Examples-of-chelicerate-diversity-Left-column-top-Isometrus-sp-Scorpiones-Left.png",
"https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2010/03/04/insects-are-crustaceans-2/",
"https://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2017/07/05/23/421115C200000578-4669222-image-a-72_1499294547822.jpg"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ix3ca9
|
What happens to metal that is turned into sparks?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g648lgy"
] |
[
"The little pieces of metal does get turned into metal dust. The sparks are due to them being very high temperature from the friction that is created when they are cut. Metal dust is usually much finer then sawdust so a lot of it does get dispersed by the wind. You also tend to remove less metal then wood so there is less metal dust then saw dust. Another big difference is that the metal dust, especially red hot, will easily react with the air and turn to rust. So the metal dust is usually mostly rust particles which are very brittle and dissolves in water. It may be hard to distinguish from regular dirt."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
i6e95j
|
Why does air not fall to the ground due to gravity? Also, why do lighter than air gases like helium rise?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g0v7e24",
"g0v7b3t",
"g0v7zpz",
"g0va14n"
] |
[
"It *does* fall to the ground. Gravity, along with Earth's magnetic field, help keep our atmosphere intact. Lighter gasses don't really rise, they are pushed up as the heavier gasses fall below them."
] |
[
20
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
im4ws5
|
Why do movies cost so much to make?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g3xhcz5"
] |
[
"You know those long streams of names, locations and music you have to sit through before seeing the after credit scene? Thousands of names and titles and tons of different locations and then the teams of people for each of those locations.. Gaffers, producers, assistants, wardrobe.. Every single one of those people have to get paid, locations have costs and music has rights that need to be purchased.. Then you have the actors.. They are expensive. Directors and engineers The equipment isn't cheap and neither is the CGI All of that has to be insured.... LOTS OF INSURANCE Lawyers have to make sure the contracts are all correct and every I is dotted and T crossed Moving all that equipment and people from location to location.. Plus places to keep all those people Food for all those people Then you have the advertising and marketing (most of which is a storage cost, but some of figured into the price as well.. There is a lot of stuff to pay for.."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ewtcct
|
Who mops the floor in secret government facilities and bases?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fg48g28",
"fg48pbu"
] |
[
"Janitors are given the lowest security clearance but are usually given an unexpectedly large reign of being able to clean everywhere freely. Nobody ever expects a janitor to do anything."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7tssq5
|
How do clocks become fast or slow over time?
|
For example, I’ll set my watch to the exact time that’s on my phone and a month or so later, it’s 2-3 minutes slow.
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dtevk51",
"dtf5j3i",
"dtf9orv"
] |
[
"Your watch is not keeping the exact time. There are 86400 seconds in a day, but if it is mechanically measuring 86399 seconds in a day, then after 2 months, it'll be one minute off. We're talking about a 0.001% error here. For many inexpensive watches, it is 'easy' to not build to this level of specificity. This is especially true since after 6 months, you'll be 3 minutes out of date at this rate, and then you change your watch for Daylight Savings time anyways, and you'll fix the error then."
] |
[
30
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2014/04/nist-launches-new-us-time-standard-nist-f2-atomic-clock",
"http://www.220-electronics.com/media/images/hertz-cycle.gif"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
62st77
|
Why can't magnets create perpetual motion?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfox5ao",
"dfoyryx",
"dfozw01",
"dfoxbf6",
"dfoy5f0",
"dfoxi9k",
"dfoy39y",
"dfpclrs",
"dfp3fn7"
] |
[
"It won't swing forever, it'll just swing until it loses momentum due to air resistance. It's not being powered, it's just a variation on a pendulum, and like a pendulum, it can only put out the energy that has been put into it, minus what it has lost from air resistance."
] |
[
495
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sT_bTnkwLuE&feature=youtu.be"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d92vr4
|
The technological singularity
|
Even though I study computer science I can not understand how the singularity will happen and how there is a possibility it's gonna act against us. A.I. is not my expertise but isn't everything deterministic ? Like we can program whatever WE want to happen and leave out what we don't want to happen. Also we can pull the plug in any unwanted scenario. What am I missing ? Any recommended non-fiction books that can help me understand the whole concept will be very appreciated.
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f1e9b8g",
"f1esipu",
"f1ea7mh"
] |
[
"Macine Learning is not strictly deterministic. You are not coding actions, you are creating something that you then teach to learn. There are a number of articles where people have been surprised by the outcomes, such as two AIs that were trained to talk with each other and quickly created thier own language that the researchers could not understand. That alone should tell us this is not far off."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
it64kv
|
Why do medical staff ask patients to say "ahhhhhh" when taking mouth swabs ?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g5cccaq",
"g5ccfsv"
] |
[
"Making that sound tends to flatten the tongue against the bottom of the mouth, making it easier to reach the back of the oral cavity."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
b2d1du
|
Why arent robots smart enough to check the “i am not a robot checkbox”?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eirwp7c",
"eis5zbu",
"eirwsqq",
"eirxihi",
"eisbk7k"
] |
[
"It's not just the act of clicking the box that is observed, but the **how** the box is clicked. In other words, a few other factors like the movement of the mouse up to that point are checked to determine if an additional challenge should be given."
] |
[
61
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://mentalfloss.com/article/575112/why-are-bots-unable-check-i-am-not-robot-checkboxes"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cm6m0f
|
Is there a limit to how small we can see?
|
For example, is there a point where we can’t see anything smaller? Like a point where we can actually see the “fibres” of the universe. Something smaller than quarks and the theoretical preon?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ew0c809",
"ew0i6br"
] |
[
"Atm, the smallest thing that we can track relatively accurately is an electron, hence electron microscopes. However, once quantum forces dominate, electrons stop behaving normally, so we can't reliably subatomic particles. Once we manage to track a smaller particle than an electron, we may be able to see more detail, but until then, we're stuck with electrons being the smallest \"resolution\" we can see."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
cnjhyr
|
Why can the human body heal a small cut on a finger but not regrow fingers for example?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ewb7ds0",
"ewbjvd9",
"ewbhf0z",
"ewbih4w"
] |
[
"Our body is constantly breaking down and regrowing cells in a lot of our body systems. Healing superficial, smaller wounds is just turning up the regrowing part. However you need cells that are already there to grow more cells. Your body doesn’t form skin or even liver cells somewhere else and then send them to the location they are supposed to go. The ability for the body to grow entirely new organs pretty much only exists when your body is first going from one cell to a ball of cells to a recognizable human form. Our bodies have some stem cells remaining that could theoretically do some of this, but there’s no way to naturally send them to where they are needed. Our cells become specialized in the location where they’re going to be fairly early on in the process of fetal development, we don’t have a way to truly grow new organs. Scars are just an extension of this. They’re like the body’s duct tape, partially because the things that help form scars can be sent through the blood. But scar tissue in any organ doesn’t work the way the organ is supposed to work."
] |
[
220
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6xuejm
|
Why does nobody play man to man defense in soccer?
|
Watching soccer I notice nobody defends in a tight man to man defense (think basketball or ultimate Frisbee). I can see why man to man may not work with a slower team but you would think that with a very quick/physically gifted team man to man would put a lot of pressure on the opposing team causing a lot of turnovers.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmij6lj",
"dmiilfj",
"dmitihr",
"dmijxce",
"dmjigp1"
] |
[
"It's also not practical to cover all the space on the pitch. As a basic rule of thumb your team is compact on defense and expanded when you have the ball. Being compact in the space between you and your teammates allows the formation to hold more firm which provides cover to the immediate player pressuring the ball and allows the other defensive players to cut off as many passing lanes as possible to other opposing players. Expanding when your team has the ball allows more space for the player on the ball and more open space for players off the ball to move into space and open up passing lanes/make runs. Tight Man to man defense would drag defensive players out of position/formation leaving large gaps or open spaces on the field for the opposing team to exploit. You do see more tight man to man marking on corners and set pieces as the immediate threat is the ball being whipped into the box in which case the amount of space to defend is much smaller, like in basketball."
] |
[
19
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
heb3fv
|
If most of the world's ocean hasn't been explored, how do we know we've already discovered the deepest trench?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fvq5uux",
"fvq6kgd",
"fvq5stv",
"fvqd8yv"
] |
[
"We know the depths of all parts of the ocean, but we haven't actually been there and observed the life/conditions there more closely."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0326/How-do-we-know-that-Challenger-Deep-is-lowest-point-on-Earth#:\\~:text=Sonar%20beams%20sent%20to%20the,is%20its%20lowest%20measured%20point",
"https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0326/How-do-we-know-that-Challenger-Deep-is-lowest-point-on-Earth#:~:text=Sonar%20beams%20sent%20to%20the,is%20its%20lowest%20measured%20point"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
lbrvug
|
How does ink stay in a fine tip pen when it is not being used but comes out when being used?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"glvuco8",
"glvwu7s"
] |
[
"It's all in the tolerances of the ball and the cone tip that holds it. It's actually not an easy thing to accomplish and up until a few years ago, [China wasn't able to do it.]( URL_0 ) Something like 80% of the worlds ball point pens were made in China but they used imported balls and tips because Chinese manufacturing simply wasn't able to hold the tolerances required to make the pens function properly."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[
"https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2017/01/18/chinas-ballpoint-pen-victory-or-why-american-wages-are-higher-than-chinese/?sh=eb116d4711db"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a5llob
|
If astronauts on orbit around Earth experience 0G because they are technically falling back to Earth, would they still be experiencing 0G when flying through deep space or would they be in total 0 gravity?
|
That might be awkwardly worded, so let me try to expand. When flying in deep space, let's just say to Mars, and not on orbit around the Earth, are they then experiencing true zero gravity as opposed to zero G? I hope that makes sense....
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ebngvfp",
"ebni409",
"ebni9sw",
"ebni91q"
] |
[
"There is no 'true zero gravity'. Zero G and zero gravity are the same thing. Astronauts in orbit are in free fall around the planet, and so experience zero gravity. If an astronaut was to travel to, say, Mars, they would essentially be in free fall _towards Mars_. The effect is the same."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
bhdipr
|
Why do some phone chargers work better than others? Is it the cord? The adapter? Both?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"els0umr",
"elry0qj"
] |
[
"Short answer, both. The adapters are usually rated 1A or 2.1A (USB is 5v). Most tablets and new phones use the higher 2.1A but some older phones will come with a 1A. Apple sell this as a fast charger when it's now mostly standard for phones. There are also custom adapters that have QI or dash charge capabilities. These use a variety of methods to get more juice in. Finally cables have ratings. Mostly a decent make will be fine and beyond that not much difference but a crappy one might only manage 1A."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jxgi31
|
Why aren’t there big concave depressions in the ground where trees grow?
|
Plants pull material from the ground when they grow, but the ground seems to always stay at the same level. To build something as big as a tree out of dirt, would take a lot of dirt, right?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gcwgqnt",
"gcwgutb",
"gcwfhf0"
] |
[
"It's a common misconception that trees grow by absorbing the ground beneath them. The reality is that they create the vast majority of their mass from carbon dioxide in the air and water using photosynthesis. They do pull material from the soil, but it's a tiny amount in the form of vital nutrients only."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9f8rpp
|
New Internet copyright law
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e5ukx0n"
] |
[
"A big issue is one where newspapers, magazines and other publishing agencies will receive a fee whenever a platform provides a link to their articles. It is feared that it will be a huge issue for censoring as sites such as Facebook and Youtube will be liable for the cost and not the publisher. Many people believe that these sites will simply filter out what can be uploaded blocking information that isn’t compatible with their particular ideologies. Algorithms will be used to do this so it is entirely possible and likely that content not protected by copyright will be filtered out and the cost of implementing this will price many smaller organisations out of business, which in turn will increase monopolies held by certain companies."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8w78wr
|
How do fireworks have varying volumes and lengths of sound?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e1tfl7q"
] |
[
"It varies on the intensity of the explosion. Think of this explosion as a force that moves the air around it. This movement of air causes vibrations in your ear drums and is interpreted in your brain as sound. Think of it as waves in water. Small objects at high velocities much like firecrackers tend to have small waves with higher frequencies giving off a higher pitch. Large objects like artillery shells will fall into the water with lower velocities and cause larger waves with lower frequencies. This will give off a higher volume."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
mly455
|
Why is mayonnaise not high in protein when it's mostly just eggs, which are very high in protein.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gto3uj1",
"gto3v9j",
"gtogca5"
] |
[
"To make mayo, you use about 200-300 ml of oil per 2 eggs. This makes it obvious why its not a good protein source. The amount of eggs is too small in comparison to the fats."
] |
[
59
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cjb621
|
If your brain can remember memories from a very long time ago out of nowhere, why is it so hard to trigger your brain to remember things from as recent as yesterday?
|
Additionally is is possible to be good at manually triggering their brain to remember something they forgot?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"evccpn4",
"evcn52z"
] |
[
"Our brain remembers different things very differently, and we have many different types of memory. Explicit memory is one of the two types of long-term memory that allows us to remember things like life-events and facts. This type of memory is conscious which means that you have to make a conscious effort to remember things. Mundane things from yesterday are usually not worth the effort to consciously remember them, so you just forget them. You can sometimes recall them by remembering less mundane things like where you were, and why, and using your logic to figure out the rest. I'm no neuropsychologist, but I don't think we know quite yet why our brain acts like this."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
kzbsxn
|
How are credit card numbers generated? Can someone just type random numbers into a website and “guess” someone’s actual card, and buy something with that?
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gjmqaen",
"gjmtoc8",
"gjmspck"
] |
[
"In almost any situation, some other piece of information will be verified along with the card number, such as the cardholder's name, expiration, billing address, CVC2 code (cvc1 if the transaction is in person). The card number itself is usually not enough to complete a transaction by itself."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://gizmodo.com/how-credit-card-numbers-work-1493331190"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
j28nnf
|
Do children actually have more energy than adults?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g73y27q"
] |
[
"Very generally in the physics and biological sense, probably not. But kids do tend to have more enthusiasm and less ability to self monitor. So they will sometimes engage in something to the point of exhaustion. Kids (especially very young) quite commonly take short naps to recover (which they do rather quickly!) So overall they sometimes do appear like bundles of unending energy."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a7nc5z
|
What is the driving factor for reproductive isolation ?
|
How come the Darwin finches who were living on the same island become different species due to differences only in beak shape while mastiffs and chihuahuas are still in the same species and can mate together despite numerous physical differences ?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ec4bjkm"
] |
[
"I think there's more layers to this than you're getting at. There are multiple ways to distinguish between species. Some of them are incompatible because of physical features. I think this is more common in insects and sometimes reptiles. Their reproductive organs just don't align properly to fertilize. There are those with social structures. I can point out a range of insects, but it's probably easier to understand Chimpanzees vs Bonobos. Genetically, I'm pretty sure they are compatible, but Chimpanzees social structure is more patriarchal and sometimes violent. Bonobos have a social structure that is more matriarchal and collaborative. Just because they could doesn't mean they normally would. And then we get to general fertility. We have hybrids like mules (horses and donkeys) or ligers (lions and tigers) which can grow up but are sterile. Because they cannot reproduce on their own, they don't count as a successful species. And there's probably more, but I can make my point with these. With finches, we have the beaks which are specialized for certain diets. Cross breeding between all of Darwin's birds would likely be less successful at feeding itself when it's less specialized. Additionally, birds often have mating rituals that are incompatible socially, not genetically. As far as dogs go, it's a combination of social and other factors. Yes we can crossbreed dogs, but they came to be by specific environmental factors. They hadn't been separated long enough to change genetically. The main restrictions between dogs then are social and physical (basically, the difference between the size of the parents can't be too much or else the mother and pups tend to experience some kind of trouble). Not a complete answer, but hope it helps."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
hfseik
|
why aren't all cables and connectors "radial" like RCA or headphone jacks?
|
USB-C was created, and one of its main attractions is being reversible, as in having two ways to being plugged in. However, why didn't USB make a standard that's circular, as to allow "360°" of ways to plug it in, similar to headphone jacks or some laptop chargers? Same things for other connectors: HDMI, mains plugs, etc.
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fvzjvj6",
"fvzm0qb"
] |
[
"Most radial connectors (RCA, coax, BNC, SMA) can only carry 1 signal channel at a time. The headphone connector can carry 3 but at the cost of a longer plug. The USB-C connector carries 12 separate channels copied on top and bottom for a total of 24 connections. It's also shorter and more compact than a headphone connector."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5ucknj
|
Are calories from fat the same as calories from sugar?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddt2ekg",
"ddt4tf2",
"ddt3w66",
"ddt3zby"
] |
[
"The calories are the same, but fats produce 9 calories per gram, while carbs like sugar only produce 4 calories per gram."
] |
[
17
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181085",
"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-food-manufacturers/"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
71tll8
|
A lot of toddlers have a physical reaction to eating something they really enjoy (usually a little dance of some sort) Why do we stop doing this as grown ups?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dndfws6",
"dndcpv1",
"dndd1n8",
"dndd9ay",
"dne6gxs",
"dndud4g",
"dne09tq",
"dndy73u",
"dne49py",
"dndqqkw"
] |
[
"Things aren't as exciting as you get older. It's natural to quit being so excited over something when you experience it over and over again."
] |
[
110
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hb5qo9
|
Capital Gains Tax?
|
So from my understanding (please correct me if I’m wrong) if you make $10 or more from a sell that profits it is taxed. So for example if I buy 13 shares of a company at $20.61 and sell them under a year for $27.30 would that be taxed or not? I’m confused on if $27.30 is considered profit or if $6.69 is considered profit?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fv6x7u5",
"fv70vik"
] |
[
"$6.69 is considered profit. That's you are taxed on. The cost to buy it is deducted from the total amount of the sale for tax purposes. That's why it's called the Capital \"gains\" tax as opposed to capital \"revenue\" tax. Otherwise you'd be taxed on a sale where you lost money."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7zn9gn
|
Why do Americans have a different keyboard layout than Europeans even though they need the same keys?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dup9guw",
"dup90hd"
] |
[
"The QWERTY layout was devised for mechanical typewriters. They used mechanical levers and \"hammers\", which flew up and physically hit an inked ribbon pressed against the paper. Sometimes these hammers got jammed and tangled up, but it was eventually realized that careful ordering of the hammers would make that less likely. And because these hammers had to be connected to the keys physically, by means of levers, that meant re-ordering the keys on the keyboard. Hammers with letters that were used frequently together could be spaced so that they wouldn't get tangled. And so the T and G -- which in English are almost never used together -- were next to each other, but both a little further away from H (because TH and GH are frequent letter combinations in English). Remember, I am talking about the hammers, not the keys: on the keyboard, it so happens that all three letters are quite close to each other. But different languages use different letter combinations. For example, in German, Y is used much less often than it is in English, and Z is used much more often, and so you'll find that on a German keyboard, Z and Y are swapped (so Germans use a QWERTZ layout). Not only that, but languages sometimes have letters that don't even exist in English. A German keyboard has to find room for Ä, Ö, Ü and ß, for example. On an English-language layout, those keys are used for punctuation marks, so a German keyboard has to put those punctuation marks elsewhere. And different languages use different punctuation marks. Until the invention of e-mail, the symbol @ was only used in English (it meant \"at\" when talking about prices, so \"4 items @ $10\" meant \"four items at ten dollars each\"), so German keyboards never used to have it. (Now they do, but it's a bit tricky: on a German computer keyboard, the right Alt key is replaced by a key labelled \"AltGr\" -- as it is on the US International layout -- and to get the @ sign you have to press AltGr+Q.)"
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
egm0vu
|
What is a vacuum?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fc7i67r"
] |
[
"Air is a thing. It is molecules of all sorts of gases, it even has weight. If you remove all this *stuff* from a container, you get a vaccuum. (My first response here hope its helpful)"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dht2w6
|
How do vendors get paid by modern supermarkets?
|
When I was young I used to think that all supermarkets just bought goods and then resold them at a profit, but now that I've worked at one, it seems to me that vendors are just sort of expected to stock goods, and that the vendor of a product is very important information when it's being sold at the register. I assume that the storefront and the vendors are under some sort of agreement, but how does this work? How are profits divvied up?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f3q914f",
"f3qadrz"
] |
[
"No its still pretty much the supermarket buys its stock, its just that the vendors are super super invested in making that happen. So they forecast well in advance and sell to the super market weeks in advance and then just deliver it. They usually ask the supermarket to help track sales for them (both parties benefit from this). So it is just how you imagined its just that they buy in advance and the vendors do whatever they can to make sure that the supermarket buys enough to be stocked, so they work together on that. Edit: they are usually under an agreement for the sales though, they drop the price x dollars and the vendor covers it"
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6eyw9k
|
How does your body know to divert the majority of fluids to your bladder so that it doesn't all end up in your intestines?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"die54w8"
] |
[
"The bladder is not part of the digestive system, it is part of the renal system, along with the Kidneys. When you drink water or eat soup or chow down on watermelon or steak, the liquid is absorbed just like the nutrients in the food. Water is also produced by some bodily processes (like dehydration synthesis, which is how your body builds fat cells.) As your body operates, the kidneys filter out various substances and make sure you don't end up with an excess of water or salt in your bloodstream. It is this material that ends up in the bladder."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
603iev
|
How certain animals' senses remain strong even if they sleep?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"df3faag",
"df3d5k9"
] |
[
"It's worth noting that while many animals have similar sleep to humans, it isn't entirely the same. For example, a lot of animals have fragmented sleep, basically multiple naps rather than a solid one-time block of sleep. Cats spend much of their sleep time in very light sleep, the human equivalent of dozing off, and only drop into deep sleep for a few minutes at a time. As a result, healthy adult cats have to sleep 12+ hours a day. It isn't that their senses are stronger when they sleep. They are simply not sleeping deeply for very long periods of time. Since we can't look at a cat and know exactly what sleep stage it's at, it might seem like cats respond to every stimulus. Really, we're just seeing that very light sleep. How 'deeply' you can sleep is also determined by brain functions. Human brains automate most processes that keep us alive--we don't have to think about breathing or digestion or anything like that. Some animals don't have that benefit and have altered sleep states so they can regulate functions without, well, dying. Dolphins and other marine mammals sleep one brain half at a time because they need to regulate their breathing. If they slept with their entire brain, they couldn't get up the surface to breathe and they would suffocate."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6j0f4e
|
What causes humans' brains to be more developed than other species, when some have much larger brains?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"djahq73",
"djatr1j"
] |
[
"Volume or weight of the brain isn't the key but how many connections each neuron makes with others."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6nvja8
|
how does a record player produce complex music simply from a grove moving on a vinyl?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkcj6v3"
] |
[
"The wiggles in the groove are shaped exactly the same as the sound wave you hear when you play it back. The stylus wiggles back and forth tracing out the groove. The back of the stylus is attached to a magnet which is surrounded by an electromagnetic coil. The movement of the magnet induces electric current into the coil which is sent to the amplifier. Records are able to reproduce stereo sound because the sound wave for the left speaker defines the shape of one groove wall, and the right speaker defines the other wall. Because the two walls are at an exact 90 degree angle to each other, the left-channel and right-channel stylus movements can be sensed independently of each other by two separate electromagnetic coils - one attached to the \"L\" amplifier input and the other to the \"R\". Edit: [Here]( URL_0 ) is a picture of the sound wave from a clarinet playing a single note. The wall of the record's grooves would be shaped in exactly this way if the sound of the clarinet were put on vinyl."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound#/media/File:The_Elements_of_Sound_jpg.jpg"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
82v4jm
|
How did Disney animate their early animations (e.g. Snow White)?
|
I know that they hand drew them of course, but without computers, how was this "digitized" and made available to the mass market? Did televisions play it?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvd2myr",
"dvd2ww0"
] |
[
"So, they were hand-drawn, but perhaps not quite in the way you think. Each frame consisted of many different drawings--you'd have a background, then trees or buildings, then characters, and then sometimes actual faces of the characters--something like that. So then to put it all together there was a device that layered all of these different drawings so that if you're looking at them from the top, they all blend together into one frame (and then if your next frame is the same except that someone is talking, you only have to change out whichever layer is changing the person's mouth). When you have it all set, you then take a picture of the total frame setup, and you have your one movie frame. At that point, it's essentially just like any other picture or part of a movie reel, and can be copied the same way,"
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
kkszpa
|
What causes some one to pass out from a roller coaster
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gh49klp",
"gh4bsgt"
] |
[
"The increased g-force causes blood to rush to your feet. If it’s strong enough and happens for long enough, your brain will be temporarily oxygen starved and you’ll pass out."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
b0j8c0
|
How far up into space must one go before a compass stops working, and what do they use at that point for navigation?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eieztmi",
"eiezzpb",
"eifg2s6",
"eift9p9"
] |
[
"In the sense of it being a tool for navigation it would stop working pretty quickly, like before you leave the atmosphere. it might point north but that doesn't help you in a space ship. Once it leaves earths magnetic field it wouldn't do anything at all (no idea how big earths magnetic field is but farther than the moon)"
] |
[
32
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
nf7nt1
|
How are wildlife video's shot that too in ultra high HD? How does a cameraman or a drone get close to animals without startling them. How do they film an exact moment of an event happening like a mating dance or a fight between animals
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gyjzu25",
"gyk1qu4",
"gyk1llt"
] |
[
"Firstly: It takes *months*. Secondly: Unless the camera man is following a particular pack, most documentaries with cut together footage of different animals and \"tell the story\" of one very interesting one."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/sponsor-content-photographers-toolbox",
"https://www.canon.com.au/camera-lenses/ef-600mm-f4l-is-iii-usm",
"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/iRUJwtVLrnc/maxresdefault.jpg"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
e0lvqi
|
Why are we told it's important to "cool down" after exercise?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f8eurn9"
] |
[
"Your body literally increases temperature from expending energy to work out, so they probably mean it literally low-key. Like allow your heart to pump at it's normal rate and let your body sweat/drink water and stuff."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5lo3o0
|
Why do most japanese people sleep on the floor with "futons"?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dbx5g2h",
"dbx6l8j",
"dbx529c"
] |
[
"In very dense cities like Tokyo, there isn't a lot of space that you live in so a sleeping mat that can easily be rolled up and stored during the day is very convenient. It's a similar idea to the Murphy bed, though those fell out of favor."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bg0b1s
|
How do baby birds breathe inside their eggs?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"elhi70n"
] |
[
"Directly under the egg's shell are two membranes. When the eggs are laid by the mother they’re very warm, and as they cool the material inside the egg shrinks a little bit. The two membranes pull apart a little and create a small pocket or sack of air. As the developing bird grows, it breathes in oxygen from the air sack and exhales carbon dioxide. Several thousand microscopic pores all over the surface of the egg allow the CO2 to escape and fresh air to get in. Source: URL_0"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[
"http://mentalfloss.com/article/31049/how-do-baby-birds-breathe-inside-their-eggs"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
noxvp2
|
why does tickling ourself not work but works when other people do it?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h028r9x",
"h029rsd"
] |
[
"This is a myth. Some people are able to tickle themselves. Especially if it's an area with a large amount of nerves. Someone with sensitive feet might be able to tickle themselves with a feather."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a00nq5
|
What is the difference between secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure?
|
Is it just there general shape? Is the only difference between alpha and beta sheet one is spiral and one is flat shaped?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eadndfm"
] |
[
"Primary: the actual order of the amino acids Secondary: Alpha spirals or beta pleated sheets Tertiary: all the complex shapes that you generally think of when you imagine a protein Quaternary: multiple tertiary structures interacting with eachother (for example, hemoglobin is made up of four distinct subunits) > Is it just their general shape? Yes, with increasing levels of complexity > Is the only difference between alpha and beta sheet one is spiral and one is flat shaped? Yes, alphas are spiral and beta sheets are flatter, but beta sheets are pleated so they really look like ^^^^^^^^^ As opposed to --------------"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
63oa18
|
Why do you get white when you mix all colors of light, but brown when you mix all colors of paint?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfvovgy",
"dfvozo1"
] |
[
"[here]( URL_0 ) is a good article explaining in depth the answer to this question in simple terms, but I'll copy-paste the heart of the answer, shortened just a little bit to make it easier to read. \"Suppose that we dab some red paint onto white paper. The paper starts off white because it reflects all the colors of the rainbow. The paint blob we add looks red because it is absorbing all blue and green light, leaving only red light to be reflected into our eyes. A dab of blue paint on the paper will absorb the red and green light, reflecting just blue onto our eyes. This is called subtractive coloring. What happens if we paint red over the blue? The red pigment absorbs the blue light and the green light, but since the blue absorbs red and green, the two pigments together account for all the light, leaving none to be reflected onto our eyes. Result: the patch looks black. This process is different than mixing colored lights, where the colors are made by *adding* light of different wavelengths together. With paint mixing you are doing the opposite - *subtracting* the colors of light that the paint absorbs from white.\""
] |
[
19
] |
[
[
"http://gurumagazine.org/askaguru/mixing-colours-get/"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6g0xwe
|
How does Honey stay edible even after thousands of years?
|
Also, can water be stored safely for a million years and still be perfectly drinkable?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dimkd54"
] |
[
"URL_0 TL;DR: Honey is severly lacking in moisture. this inhibits microbial growth as there is no water for microbes to survive in. granulated sugar has the same advantage as well. There is also some enzymes put in by bees that inhibits microbes from spoiling it as well. It will readily absorb moisture, so storing in in an airtight vessel is necessary to keep it good for a long time."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[
"http://io9.gizmodo.com/why-honey-is-the-only-food-that-doesnt-go-bad-1225915466"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
hl7xcr
|
if the big bang is still happening, and the energy released is still moving, what is the universe beyond the edges of that wave like?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fwxczxf",
"fwxcix3"
] |
[
"The big bang happened everywhere so everywhere is expanding. There doesn't need to be anything outside of this and we have no reason to think there is. If you are more asking what is beyond the visible universe we are fairly certain just more universe."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9kst2y
|
How do sports leagues with a salary cap avoid cash hand-shake deals under the table from rich owners trying to pay players without it counting towards the cap?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e71hfmi"
] |
[
"The players still file taxes, and so these deals would have to be declared somewhere or they'd be breaking *actual* laws and not just league rules. You can also bet that the rest of the NBA would be furiously investigating the Kosherness of the deal when someone signs LeBron for the veteran minimum."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a6qtw4
|
Why does a lack of genetic diversity cause deformities?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ebx4nis",
"ebx56wc"
] |
[
"Imagine a machine that makes bricks that you make a house with but machine needs a sample brick to make more bricks like it. Imagine you only have a few types of bricks. One of em gets chipped and goes into the machine. If there are many bricks the machine will see the difference between a chipped brick and OK brick and use the OK brick to make more bricks. If all chipped bricks go in eventually you have all broken and chipped bricks coming out of the machine. House is human. Brick is the chromosomes."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[
"https://i.imgur.com/aFKxKix.png"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kxvcza
|
Why does salt make water boil faster?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gjcfygo"
] |
[
"It does not. Actually, adding salt raises the boiling point of water, though the effect is quite small. If you drop salt grains into super heated water it will boil because you've added boiling points, but putting in sand of the same size has the same effect."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hrxg9f
|
Why does European 50hz electricity translate to 50hz refresh rate on displays? Does this apply to 120hz displays too?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fy755qn"
] |
[
"Early televisions were synced to the AC frequency of power to avoid interference that would be caused by having them run on different timings. Even though we can design electronics better and make better parts than we could in the 30's, it's still easier to make displays work at a multiple of the AC frequency, and many European sets will operate at 100/200 Hz instead of 120/240 Hz. There's actually a second reason, which is that the lighting used on stages where they made the show were also flickering at the same frequency as the power coming out of the mains, and so you'd be able to see the difference if they'd recorded or broadcast out of sync with that."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
64zuc0
|
Why is coffee brewed, but tea is steeped?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dg69ygy",
"dg6fi46"
] |
[
"Tea is also brewed; steeping is just the technique used to do it. *Brewing* covers pretty much any process where you produce a potable beverage by treating materials with hot water."
] |
[
34
] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.seriouseats.com/2017/03/science-of-tea-versus-coffee-brewing.html"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ej8cfx
|
What causes the gas build up in joints, that make it able for a person to crack the joints?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fcw9b2r",
"fcwdp63"
] |
[
"If I recall, the act of cracking your joint actually causes the air bubble. So you force your joint apart, which lowers the pressure on the liquid between your joints, which causes a bubble to form, which your body doesn't like so it collapses again and makes a noise. This is called cavitation."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9zd8td
|
What is happening when you’re anxious/suffering from anxiety, and what do anti-anxiety drugs (Xanex etc) do to fight this?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ea8kshk"
] |
[
"Xanax and other benzodiazepines work on a part of the brain that releases an inhibitory chemical called GABA. The drugs stimulate GABA release which effectively shuts down/off other chemical receptor reactions. GABA is an extremely potent inhibitory chemical in the brain. I take advantage of this in anesthesia on a daily basis. That's the process that puts you under anesthesia, a massive rush of GABA. When you are anxious you have triggered a response for the fight or flight system in your body. This stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to prepare the body to survive. Eyes dilate, breathing increases (to build up oxygen), airways expand, muscles charge for activity, and anything not needed to stay alive shortly basically stops or gets slowed down."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
eycudr
|
how does a country adjust their currency for inflation?
|
If inflation is roughly 2% per year, wouldn't it eventually devalue like the Zimbabwean dollar?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fggek3a",
"fggebrm"
] |
[
"Yes, but it is going to happen so slowly that it isn't really a concern. $1 being worth $1.02 next year and $1.05 the year after that isn't a concern because the markets and wages have time to adjust to the inflation. A loaf of bread costing $1 this year and $2 next year isn't an issue if your wages increase at the same rate. Hyperinflation - like what happened in Zimbabwe - is a problem because it is happening so fast that the markets _can't_ adapt. A loaf of bread costing $1 in the morning and $10 in the _afternoon_ is a big problem, because your wages become close to worthless as soon as they are earned."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
65qyii
|
How did different languages start and how did people who first encountered new civilizations learn the languages?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgch22x",
"dgcgy9b"
] |
[
"The relationships are quite complicated. [This great graphic]( URL_0 ) goes a good job of showing the connections."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"http://mentalfloss.com/article/59665/feast-your-eyes-beautiful-linguistic-family-tree"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cr7km8
|
Is the peaceful hijacking of busses by student activists in Mexico really a usual occurence as portrayed in the Netflix documentary series "The 43" or is something getting lost in translation? What is the story behind student activism in Mexico?
|
I'm watching the Netflix documentary series "The 43" about the disappearance of 43 students in 2014. In the beginning of the first episode a few people interviewed said that student demonstrators are "provided a single bus for 40 people that does not have a license plate and does not run" so they hijack buses (without harming the drivers) and leave a note for the line manager so the driver doesn't get in trouble. A few minutes later an interviewee is describing how police opened fire on the students on the buses and they started throwing rocks and bottles at the patrol cars. Can anyone provide some context? I'm unfamiliar with how protests work (and activism in general) in Mexico and I feel like I'm missing some crucial information.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ex2gtwu"
] |
[
"Not in Mexico as a whole, just in the area where the Ayotzinapa thing happened. And they're very often not peaceful about it"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
hgsts5
|
how do eyes work and is there ever a possibility that we can make a camera that mimics the effect?
|
You know what I’m talking about. You see something cool and take a picture but the picture looks drastically different from what you saw. “The camera adds 10 pounds” etc etc. why is this difference so noticeable?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fw5y1ld"
] |
[
"I’ll answer your question from a different perspective: we already have this, and we already use it. In photography we describe lenses based on their focal length, which can be compared to “zoom factor” a very short focal length lens, say a 12mm lens, will have a very wide angle of view and will capture a more “panoramic” area of your scene. The downside to this is that all the objects will appear smaller than they do in real life since you had to cram more of them into the same picture. A long focal length lens, say a 200mm lens, will be a lot more “zoomed in”, so you could see the tip of a tree in great detail but not much else since the tiny object (the tip) will be blown up to take up most of the frame. So the reason why pictures don’t look the same as eyesight is because 90% of the time you’re simply at a different focal length where either things look distorted (like if you’re using a fisheye) or too big/flat (like if you’re using a telephoto or long focal length lens). There *is* a sweet spot around 50mm where a lens will produce a picture that looks roughly like what the eye sees. The objects will all be the right relative size, and you won’t have any compression/flattening. These 50mm lenses are very popular, partially due to this. The only reason we don’t use them exclusively is because we have applications that require shorter focal lengths (landscapes, night skies) and longer focal lengths (wildlife, portraits, etc). I think the motivation for your post may have come from smartphone pictures (best guess). Smartphones use very wide-angle (short focal length) lenses, because these are more versatile for the average consumers needs. The short focal length of a smartphone camera lens causes some distortion, which is why smartphone pics specifically don’t always look like reality. But amateur (and certainly professional) photography usually involves cameras where you can switch out lenses so you can use any focal length you’d like, circumventing the smartphone issue"
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5vjbd6
|
How did Venezuela go from seemingly normal to in dire straits and starving so quickly?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"de2ibub"
] |
[
"To understand this you need to go back to the Cold War. The US and allies of NATO were competing against the USSR and allies for influence and control of the world. Over a long period of time the US and NATO out-competed the USSR economically and it collapsed, breaking up into a bunch of separate countries including Russia. A former agent of the KGB (the USSR intelligence agency) named Vladimir Putin seized control of Russia and rules it as a shadow dictator through corrupt oligarchs and fear (assassination through poisoning is common). Putin views the countries which were formerly part of the USSR as rightfully Russian territory and is willing to take them by force if necessary and practical. In order to exert power and influence beyond a country's shores it is necessary to have a navy which can operate year-round to supply military operations. Unfortunately Russia is in a location where their coast freezes in the winter meaning ships cannot get in and out of their ports in the winter. The only warm water military port Russia had access to was rented from Ukraine, a former USSR member. Ukraine was eyeing joining NATO which Putin views as an old enemy and the biggest limiting factor to extending Russian influence, so obviously Ukraine joining NATO would put that port out of reach if conflict developed with NATO. Up against a wall with this port issue Putin decided to secretly invade Crimea with Russian military forces and claim it was a popular uprising of the Russian-speaking locals, seizing the port and annexing the territory. Nobody was really fooled by the lies but as Ukraine didn't have mutual defense treaties with anyone it didn't start an outright war. However the US didn't want to set the precedent that such invasion was OK so economic sanctions were imposed. Russia is a large oil exporting nation and it would really hurt the Russian economy and tax income if the price of oil were to go down. Saudi Arabia basically controls the oil prices of the world and has a simple but effective tactic to keep out competition: Lower prices and sell from massive oil reserves while the competition cannot afford to keep operations going. Saudi Arabia is also a close US ally (of necessity, not because the US loves their policy or culture) and the US knew exactly how to force this reaction. The US relaxes regulation of the oil industry within the country allowing things like fracking and oil sands to be exploited, causing a big oil industry boom. Saudis drop prices as expected and gas suddenly gets cheap. Russia's economy really feels the burn! Now to Venezuela, I haven't forgotten about them. Venezuela is headed by Nicolas Maduro who much like Hugo Chavez is in effect a populist dictator who buys votes with government handouts. The majority of the economy and basically all government income is provided by the government owned and operated oil industry which exports crude oil. Following the typical Banana Republic model of corruption and mismanagement the oil industry is less than competitive and there was no money stored away for a rainy day. When the economic warfare of the US against Russia occurred the oil price crashed and Venezuela saw their income plummet. Since they were pacifying the population with government handouts without a buffer of cash to keep things going, this sudden lack of government funds meant people living off the public dole now can't live at all. Massive lack of basic necessities like food appeared almost instantly and the unrest followed. Without the ability to maintain dictatorship through populism Maduro reverted to force, seizing power and putting down dissent through violence."
] |
[
18
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5w0xc7
|
What colours are beyond infrared and ultraviolet?
|
What colours could potentially exist when you keep going further along the colour spectrum? I imagine there could possibly be an infinite amount of colours, like there could be an infinite amount of radio frequencies.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"de6fzp8",
"de6gfvx",
"de6lfow",
"de6rsjo",
"de6lsf2"
] |
[
"Colour only makes sense as a quality which our brains interpret. One cannot *imagine* a new colour, although some people and animals might be able to perceive more colours owing to things such as having more colour light receptors or other physical adaptions. In terms of the electromagnetic spectrum, the limits are essentially infinite. You could make arguments for the longest wavelength radio wave having a wavelength on the order of the Observable Universe and highest energy gamma ray having a wavelength just small enough such that the energy concentration does not spontaneously form a black hole."
] |
[
50
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum#/media/File:Electromagnetic-Spectrum.svg"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9lxt7j
|
How does strep throat cause so many disorders and illnesses?
|
I've seen so many news stories of a healthy kid contracting strep throat and sometimes they either lose their limbs, go brain-dead, or their personalities change. How the hell is a sore throat capable of this?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e7a90jz"
] |
[
"Because a sore throat is just a symptom. Strep throat is caused by the bacteria *Streptococcus pyogenes.* It's easily treated with antibiotics, and complications are unusual in healthy adults, but if it's untreated and the bacteria *does* spread to other parts of the body, it can cause infections in other locations, or systemic infections like rheumatic fever which can cause lasting damage to heart valves."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5n5md3
|
Why does your mouth water like crazy when you're nauseous?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dc8srwy",
"dc8xalg"
] |
[
"Your stomach is filled with a somewhat weak acid. Throwing up acid is unpleasant, and can damage soft tissues in your mouth and throat. To combat this, your body produces extra saliva to coat your mouth and throat with a little bit of extra protection."
] |
[
90
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/LifeProTips/comments/pvvs1/lpt_if_you_dont_want_to_vomit_dont_swallow_the/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dyteu9
|
What causes you to have to breathe and/or swallow manually when you become aware of your own breathing and/or swallowing?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f83ch7l"
] |
[
"First of all, thanks. Second of all, it's because they're unconscious bodily functions normally \"managed\" by a corner of our brain that takes care of these sorts of \"routine tasks\". You don't have to think to perform them, your body knows to do them without prompting. By being reminded of these functions, they are now part of your conscious thought processes, and since they are supposed to be 'background processes', them being at the front of your stream-of-consciousness makes you tacitly aware that you're doing them. And since your conscious mind is, well, conscious, and making decisions, it decides that it must 'take action' on the question of 'what do I do next to breathe'."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
lysnzd
|
Real photos from space
|
Are there any real photos that show the earth with the sun in the background for example? We always see footage of earth from space but I can’t find an image of the earth with another planet or the sun “in the background”. Is this a dumb question?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gpuv1qp",
"gpuv9v7",
"gpuz4xd",
"gpx9htp"
] |
[
"It's not a dumb question at all if you're not big-time into photography. Think of it like this. You're in a basement, and there's no power. You don't have any source of light of your own, so to you, everything's dark. Suddenly someone turns their phone's \"flashlight\" on in your face. Ouch, right? \"Point that thing away from me\"? No WAY you're gonna make out details after that. So now think about if that giant flashlight is the sun. It's seriously super-overwhelming to most cameras. So most people plan their space pictures so it's not in the frame."
] |
[
19
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://spacenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/dscovr-earthmoon.jpg"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8z862k
|
Why does fabric and some other things get darker when they get wet?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e2gu8c0"
] |
[
"You know when you see the ocean and there's all that blue? Or a pool in a park and it has that light blue color? That's kinda like the light from the sun getting slowed down. Have you tried to run in the water? It's hard to run in water, and we have to be careful when we swim. It is the same for light. When light has to slow down it changes blue. So when our clothes get wet the light has to slow down and get more blue. It's like mixing a little paint together and I think that's fun, don't you?"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
85fclu
|
What is a 'dirty bomb' and how do they work?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvx0863",
"dvxfauc"
] |
[
"A dirty bomb is a hypothetical (I don't believe one has ever been used) weapon that uses conventional explosive to disperse radioactive material over an area. Basically imagine a bomb wrapped in something radioactive. It's not a nuclear weapon because there is no actual nuclear reaction, but it will still cause an area to be contaminated with radiation. The radioactive material would also not need to be enriched anywhere near the same degree as what would be required for a nuclear weapon."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bifp7n
|
What is spider silk and why is it so strong?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"em0blqc"
] |
[
"Spider silk is a protein, which is quite similar to regular silkworm silk. However, spiders make their silk strong in a process that is remarkably similar to a factory production process. Firstly, the silk proteins are secreted in the tail, and they naturally form into nanoscopic balls called micelles. These are stored in a sac called the ampulla. When needed, the ampulla squeezes the proteins into a narrow duct. When the proteins are being squeezed into the tiny duct, the high friction stretches the ball out and forces the proteins to align in one single direction, forming a fibre. Various ions and acids are added, and water removed, and the silk protein transforms into highly organised crystalline blocks linked by softer spring-like sections. A muscle called the spigot and a valve (yes, the same type as pipes) controls the amount and shape of spider silk which exits the spider. The result is incredibly strong, yet flexible fibre with very low water content."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ci3pyo
|
what makes foamy water white?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ev18654",
"ev188ru"
] |
[
"The white just means light is being scattered in all different directions. Foamy water = lots of bubbles which make the light scatter. Similar to why snow is also white, or ground up glass vs a window, etc.."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9edvke
|
How do the tick boxes that confirm you are not a robot work?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e5o31xq",
"e5odzi7",
"e5o3j4f",
"e5oe3b9"
] |
[
"Tracks your behaivour before clicking it. Open tabs, history, IP, computer stats and running programs. It is a lot more complex and demanding method than the original distorted text photo captcha but is much more convenient for human users."
] |
[
245
] |
[
[],
[
"google.com",
"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Sivakorn-Im-Not-a-Human-Breaking-the-Google-reCAPTCHA-wp.pdf"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cs65q7
|
How do muscles get bigger when you work out ?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"excst8o"
] |
[
"Creating tiny tears in your muscle tissue (hence soreness) The muscle fibers heal themselves plus some, adding small amounts of new muscle tissue along with the healed old. So slowly but surely the muscles get bigger. This is why rest days are important or switching which body part is the focal point for working out."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9m7epb
|
Why can’t you use steroid cream for more than two weeks at a time? Surely it wouldn’t dry out your skin, because it’s in a lotion?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e7cgrdd",
"e7cgsyv"
] |
[
"Your skin thins out while you use steroids making it easier to cut and get infected. Your body can also become addicted to steroids causing 1+ year of painful withdrawal (see Red Skin Syndrome)"
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5yoie4
|
there are more than 300 undersea cables covering more than 550,000 miles. Since the continents are moving, how do the don't break apart?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dero4zo",
"derqbk4",
"dero68l"
] |
[
"Continents move ***INCREDIBLY*** slow. Like 2 to 5 centimeters a year. there's more than enough give and wiggle to the cables that this is a nonissue."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hqnm2v
|
What's the difference between a man fasting for 60 days and a man starving for 60 days?
|
Seems exactly the same to me, am I the only one? What are the main bodily differences between someone say in NYC voluntarily choosing to fast for 60 days, only drinking water, versus someone who hypothetically is stranded on a desert island with no food sources and only enough water to survive for 60 days. When does fasting become malnutrition and starvation? And why is it considered so healthy yet malnutrition and starvation are the exact opposite and almost always lead to death? Help me understand this, thanks Reddit.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fxywewo",
"fxz1jmy",
"fxywrh4",
"fxzh5td"
] |
[
"Fasting for 60 days is dangerous under any circumstances. I practice intermittent fasting and have only gone about 37 hours before. Most days I fast for 18 hours. When I do eat, I pay close attention to my macro nutrients and make sure my diet is healthy. In 60 days, you’re not just losing fat, you’re losing muscle and other nutrients your body needs."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
j388i8
|
Has there every been a society of people that never believed in a god/deity/supreme being(s) or otherwise?
|
I'm curious to know has there ever been a civilation that didn't have a religious ideology? I'd imagine a race of such people's would have been demolished via conversion or die tactics from crusaders. I'd like to know what that society would have been like and would it have been peaceful, what kind of morality and social values would have been in place, were laws for the society developed etc...
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g7a7frh"
] |
[
"There've been lots of them. There's plenty of evidence to suggest Ancient Greece was more-or-less atheist, and just held on to the traditional Gods as kind of a laugh (thanks largely to the great thinkers like Lucretius, Epicurus, etc). Kind of like how we treat Halloween; used to be about evil spirits and demons and now it's about having a drink and dressing up in costume. Jainism, Buddhism, Taoism, etc aren't at all about deities or supreme beings, and have been around since 600 BC. And if you want to know what it would have looked like, you just have to look to modern interpretations of Greek and Asian philosophies. It's all about being ethical for the sake of being ethical, being rational for the sake of being rational, and being moral for the sake of being moral, because we can all agree that these things are necessary and good for society."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7hh17v
|
How does the moon appear bigger on some days and smaller on others if its orbit remains the same?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqqxohj",
"dqr66qt"
] |
[
"There actually are slight difference in the distance between the Earth and the moon depending over time but you can't see them with the naked eye. The reason the moon sometimes looks bigger is an illusion. When the moon is high in the sky you don't have any nearby objects to compare it to so you only judge it's size based on the angle it subtends. But when the moon is close to the horizon your brain compared it to objects that subtend a smaller angle than the moon does so it ends up looking bigger."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_illusion"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9u0ky1
|
why are bananas such a common fruit?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e90k2wj",
"e90mgya"
] |
[
"They can be produced extremely cheaply. Even in the early 1900s the US had absolutely massive imports of bananas coming in from Central America because they were so cheap. US companies bought up tons of land in Central America to produce bananas, and when local insurgencies threatened those the US deployed the Marines to defend the interests of the fruit companies. They're literally called the Banana Wars."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5v0vuu
|
What determines the shape of a cloud?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddycs24"
] |
[
"Wind sheer, humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressures, storm systems near by, pollution levels, convection, the jet stream, and altitude. Amount other things. Its why no two clouds seem to ever be identical."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
67hrc5
|
Why is GDP a big deal? Why some countries care so much about it and want to boost them by any means possible?
|
I know what GDP is. I just don't understand why some countries are so competitive about it; or why do counties have to make plans/goals projecting how much GDP they have to produce progressively, as if GDP is the national priority before any other policies or welfare.
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgqjnxr"
] |
[
"I think these answers are a bit dismissive of his question. I think his question is a smart one. For instance, Governments love to say \"look how well we have run the country, we've increased GDP by 5% over the last 7 years. OK. Let's stop and think about why that is not as cool as it looks. 1. The government has created inflation. Real GDP may have fallen, nominal GDP may have risen. Everyone is worse off except the government. 2. As a mad dictator dedicated to raising GDP I can simply ban weekends. Hey presto! GDP up 28%. How cool am I? Of course your life is now complete shit. 3. I put in a policy to make everything last half as long as it does now. Now you have to buy everything twice as often. GDP up. Your life down. 4. I include military expenditure in wartime in GDP when it had formerly not been because it isn't actually very useful as a way to spend money. This was done by both the US and the UK government during WW2. Now I spend $1 trillion dollars on weapons I never use and hey - the economy just looks fantastic. But all the people building weapons that were never used could have been building something that was used. 5. I increase my population through immigration now instead of 60M people with a GDP of x, I have 70M people making a GDP of x + 3%. As the government I talk about the 3% but actually GDP per capita has gone down. 6. If you want an example easier to relate to try this. Women go to work. Theoretically, GDP doubles. Fantastic. Problem. A man used to be able to university educate his kids and keep a wife. Now that same man can not do either. Kids came out of university with no debt - no longer the case. In an era of continuous governmental success with our GDP most people have become progressively worse off. I think the question is a smart one. Can I stop there? I can give an almost limitless number of examples of why GDP is a measure of national wealth that might be of interest to bankers and swaggering politicians but is very irrelevant to the man in the street."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
fzrosn
|
Why, when you get injured, does it seem like the trauma intensifies after seeing the injury? An open wound or broken limb for example.
|
Psychology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fn5t06j"
] |
[
"When you focus on the injury, the area is focused which causes a few things to happen. You tense up, as the body's natural response to close the wound, which touches exposed nerves to exposed nerves, sending more pain. Also, the body becomes more sensetive, when it is focused on (think out of sight, out of mind). It doesn't have to be visual to happen, but it's why bug bites itch more after you notice they itch, or why you can't get to sleep once you start looking for parts of yourself that are uncomfortable. Additionally, your brain basically says \"Why doesn't this hurt? This looks like it should hurt! If it doesn't hurt there must be something wrong!\" And you perceive more pain."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6okwxk
|
How do steakhouse restaurants cook so many steaks at the same time to varying degrees of done-ness and get them all relatively correctly cooked for each customer?
|
Edit: you guys are blowing my mind with your answers. I wish I could give you all golds, seriously, for some reason I find this fascinating.
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkibhpa",
"dki6b61",
"dkiavu2",
"dkia8n6",
"dki5va1",
"dkiamoe",
"dkibyyq",
"dkixw80",
"dkic01i",
"dkj0e1e"
] |
[
"Okay, I was a grill cook in everything from pub to steak house and even a Grillardin in a fine dining restaurant. Steak grills are sloped and higher at the top, lower at the bottom (this is adjustable). Then the cook adjusts the level of heat for each burner (anywhere from 2 to 6) so he has a range of heat levels, usually from right to left. They usually make the lower right corner the hottest and the upper left the coolest on average. There is some variation due to size of the gas outlets and how clean they are. All steaks start on the right side for their initial sear then moved to an appropriate area when they get their first turn (what makes the diamond pattern) The more well done the steak the ***slower*** you cook it or ***it drys out*** (so many people and cooks don't know this). So well done are moved towards the left upper corner and are started soonest. Then you use the most well done steak of the order to take your timing for starting the other steaks from. Most steaks (not blue rare) are turned when you first see the fluid start to appear on the surface. Let too much of it appear and it burns up when you flip the steak and you again end up with a dry steak. You can tell when a steak is done by pressing on it and ***should never cut it*** to check because it lets out the liquid. Cooking tightens the fibers so a well done has more resistance than a rare when you press on it. [This is how you learn how it feels like.]( URL_0 ) After your second turn on the other side you keep checking its state and moving it on the grill so that all the steaks on the order start reaching the level you want together. Meat also needs a resting state to allow juices to redistribute and the longer it's been cooking the longer this needs to be. So well done often go to a warming rack or what I did, put it on top of a rarer cooking steak. When this is done the steak is pretty much no longer cooking and will stay at it's level from that point on unless it receives too much heat again (why most cooks ***hate*** heat lamps) After that it's all about timing. Knowing how fast your grill is running because the more or less you have on the grill the more this changes. Noting which steak is which and sometimes substituting one steak for an order for anothers if necessary (no steak has a customer's name on it till it's plated). Knowing what else is with the order, and most importantly communicating with all the other cooks. Because depending on volume the grill cooks responsibility can range a lot. After that it's pure hustle and memory. Most people don't know how hard being a good restaurant cook is. It's pretty much not worth what you make, that and the stress (has one of the highest incidents of substance abuse of any career) is why I quit doing it. Edited to add: To give you an idea how much resting a steak helps with timing, there's been times, rare, but still times where I would have two steaks on top of a steak of the same order. Only ever did three a couple of times when I was swamped or had a big table."
] |
[
1312
] |
[
[
"http://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/the_finger_test_to_check_the_doneness_of_meat/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
b9gce6
|
Do animals see different stars than those we see?
|
If most animals can see different parts of the light spectrum, do they see different stars when look at the sky? Or does our atmosphere filter the light anyway and only the same stars are visible all the time? Or course I imagine we can't say for sure if animals can actually see the stars, but I'm asking in a physiological way.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ek4w7kb"
] |
[
"There are two reasons why they see the same stars. 1. Pretty much every star gives off light in the visible spectrum. 2. Pretty much every animal can see the visible spectrum. So effectively, we all see the same stars. The only reason some animals might see more or less is their sensitivity to a star's brightness. Some stars that are just barely fainter than our sensitivity to light will be visible to more sensitive animals and vice versa. Stars might also look a little different if animals are colorblind to certain regions of the spectrum relative to others, but they will continue to be visible."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ism8qj
|
When you have a cold, does blowing your nose have any real benefit aside from temporary relief)?
|
If your nose just gets immediately congested again, is there any point in blowing your nose?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g58hu92",
"g58i8m8"
] |
[
"The mucus needs to go somewhere - if you're not blowing it out your nose, it's draining down the back of your throat. The more drains down the back of your throat, the more likely you are to get throat irritation, or that some of it will be aspirated into the lungs, potentially causing an infection in the lungs."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
hqctmp
|
why music in a minor key sounds sad
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fxx2k4x"
] |
[
"You might find this interesting [The Science Of Music – Why Do Songs In A Minor Key Sound Sad?]( URL_0 )"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/the-science-of-music-why-do-songs-in-a-minor-key-sound-sad-760215"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a2ldqh
|
What determines which country has the strongest currency?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eazedg3"
] |
[
"Note that \"strongest currency\" isn't really a well defined term. Currently, the \"strongest\" in a truest sense is the dollar, due to the petrodollar, America's large presence in the world economy, etc. But, what about the pound or the euro? Aren't those \"worth\" more than the dollar? No. That's not how it works. *Relative* movements can say something about an economy's strength; the absolute amount is completely arbitrary and due to historical events with no relevance to the current time. The value of currencies relative to each other is supply and demand. People, and countries, buy currency. If Walmart wants to buy some toys from China, they have to buy RMB with dollars to buy the toys. That means the RMB goes up in price, because there's more demand and less supply of RMB. The YEN is roughly 1:100 with the dollar. Does that mean the US's economy is 100 times stronger than Japan's? If Japan decided to denote everything in \"super-yen\", where 1 super-yen = 10 dollars, is Japan's economy 10 times stronger than the US's? Even though they didn't do anything? No. It really doesn't matter. If one guy says he has 20 nickles, and another says he has 4 quarters, does the guy with 20 nickles have more money? Not really, it's just a different base unit. At some point in the mid 20th century countries decided to toss the gold standard and use this \"free market\" based approach for the relative value of their currencies. The relative values at that time because the \"base\". Furthermore, countries can (and have) \"rebased\" their currencies by just inventing a bigger base."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6wxypm
|
How do stock photo companies produce all their pictures?
|
Where do they get people to pose for their pictures? How do they come up with ideas for their pictures? Is it based on popular demand or simply just arbitrary topics? How much do they earn? Most people are do not bother to pay for the image and would still be willing to use it even with the watermark. Thanks for any answer
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmbl0dt"
] |
[
"Have you ever seen a website rocking a watermarked image? Or one in a video? Stock photo companies don’t care about your book review but sure do for commercial parties. Anyhow, often it’s photographers playing with trends and their resources. They make money on selling pictures people want to buy so they try and find those subjects one way or the other. Some pictures are quite expensive, some sell a lot and some don’t. As long as the total cost doesn’t exceed the total income they have a business. If they only photograph flowers they have a problem because there’s no such market."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
js6e7b
|
Why do people get tired at night, then are more awake an hour or to later without sleeping?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gbxdnft"
] |
[
"Your biochemical clock- your circadian rhythm- governs when you feel sleepy and when you naturally want to wake up by secreting hormones into your blood. If you purposely continue to stay awake past the point of being sleepy, your brain decides **okay, guess we're doing this then** and stops secreting those sleepy hormones so you can continue staying awake for a while."
] |
[
17
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
83jt7o
|
"In Case Of Emergency, Break Glass". Wouldn't the glass go into your hand and wouldn't it cut you?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvic17n",
"dvic1iw",
"dvicawu"
] |
[
"Well no. Most of the time it's either cut in such a way that the pieces will break apart easily, or a small hammer/tool is provided to break the glass safely. Or you could just use any hard object you have handy to break it."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
fw0w0i
|
Why does your lips and tongue burn but not the inside of your mouth when eat spicy food?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fmlkri5"
] |
[
"Taste sensory receptors are only on your tongue, not the cheeks or lips. But the TRPV1 temperature receptors that capsaicin also binds to are all over the body to detect temperature to avoid burns. Apparently they're in the anus as well since that feels the burn a day later. URL_0"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"https://www.thrillist.com/news/nation/why-does-spicy-food-burn-butt-poop"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
778j39
|
Why are most of the world's deserts covered in sand and not just dry soil?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"doju17p",
"dojv5fe",
"dok4amv"
] |
[
"Soil is largely made of sand (or other minerals), organic matter, water, and gas. When you don't have precipitation, you lose out on organic matter and water, so you're left with minerals and rocks that form sand."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gjpe35
|
Why some people never remember faces of people they dreamt about?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fqmtqww"
] |
[
"As far as faces are concerned specifically, our dreams are typically not detailed enough to recognize or distinguish individual facial features that would give us a clear cut picture of the people that inhabit our dreams, given that dreams can only utilize so much of your “brain power” while you’re asleep. Image perception and creation is a difficult task for a brain, and an even more difficult obstacle with subdued brain activity. This means dreams can, at best, take on the form of hazy, dwindling memories. This also has to do with the extremely fleeting nature of dreams, in general. There are two groups of people who generally have greater dream recall: 1) those who are prone to daydreaming, and so may generally have more investment in their dreams, or 2) those who have comparatively active networks in the brain while they are asleep. However, unless someone makes a habit of documenting their dreams in some manner (committing them to a form of long-term memory), dreams are more like fragments of fleeting information that only remain in the short-term memory while one is waking up. This could be due to a change in the chemical composition of the brain upon waking, but the neurophysiology of dreaming still remains somewhat of a mystery."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jigyi1
|
Lots of sci-fi shows two setting suns visible from a distant planet. Is this possible? Can stars like the sun exist in pairs and still have a planet system?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ga6dw2p",
"ga6edpu",
"ga7bfjq",
"ga70kbh"
] |
[
"Yes, there’s a few possible scenarios for planets in a binary system. 1 - the two stars orbit eachother very closely and the planets are much further away. Planets too close will get ejected by the gravitational wobbles of the stars, but at a distance they’re effectively one object. The stars will always rise and set together. 2 - the stars orbit far apart, and the planet orbits close to one of them. One star will wander through the sky like another planet, the other rises and sets normally, if the planet isn’t tidally locked. 3 - one star is orders of magnitude more massive than the other and gravitationally dominates the entire system. This isn’t super likely because supermassive stars form and die too quickly to generate stable planetary systems."
] |
[
141
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu_Scorpii"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
685s8m
|
Why do the majority of automatic guns have 30 bullets in their magazines?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgvwmm4",
"dgvwo0c"
] |
[
"Military clips come with 10 rounds a piece. A magazine using them is best off loading in multiples of 10 rounds. So you're looking at choosing between 20, 30, or 40 rounds. 40 is just too much for standard use. It makes the magazine stick down too far to shoot from prone (a 30 round AR-15 mag sits almost even with the bottom of the pistol grip), and it makes the rifle too heavy (especially something like the steel magazines in a 7.62x39 AK). 30 rounds is as many rounds as you can put in while not sacrificing pointability and the ability to carry it. Additionally, it is harder to actually put larger mags into loadbearing equipment- especially something like a large curved 7.62x39 magazine. Look at the large RPK mags and imagine trying to carry a lot of them on your chest as a rifleman. As an aside, notice that larger full power rifles like the FAL more commonly used 20 round magazines because for them, a 30 round magazine was too heavy and large for standard issue."
] |
[
22
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
erfhdy
|
How do all cars of the same model have a different key? How keys work?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ff3brns"
] |
[
"From my understanding there is a set rotation. Whether that rotation is 5, 10, 100 or 1000 different keys they follow the rotation. Now with newer vehicles there is also a programmable chip inside the key itself, that is linked to the specific computer that is assigned via VIN. This is as unique as a fingerprint. So even though you may have I key cut identical to another person, there is little to no chance of that key being able to open or start your car. Essentially with technology a manufacturer could theoretically make one key for every vehicle of the same model and program the chip to your individual vehicles computer, could be a way to save manufacturing costs and reduce the potential for theft."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
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