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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
l5l3gq
|
Why aren't our bodies constantly in a state of inflammation even though we are constantly being invaded by microbes?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gkuuk0e",
"gkv4mfw"
] |
[
"We only get inflammation when a lot of microbes get into a place they shouldn't be. That doesn't happen constantly, that's unusual. Most outside microbes get on our skin and can't get through. Most that get in our respiratory system get stuck in mucus and pushed out, then swallowed. Most that get in our ears get stuck in wax and pushed out. Most that get in our eyes get stuck in tears and flushed or blinked out. Most that get in our mouth get swallowed and die in our stomach. A ton live in our digestive system, but they're supposed to be there. They can't get out unless something goes wrong with our intestinal lining. It's only if one of them breaches the skin/lining/whatever and gets into an area they're not supposed to be, and isn't immediately killed by our immune system but starts to multiply and release toxins that we get a macro reaction and get inflamed."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
my0bc1
|
How is it that some gifted minded folk on the autism spectrum can tell you which exact day it was on any given date?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gvs9gqf"
] |
[
"Dates repeat. A year can start on any of the seven days, and it can be a leap year or not, which means there are 14 possible calendars. There is an algorithm, called the doomsday algorithm, that lets you easily compute the day of the week from a date and year. The impressive l part is doing it in your head, quickly."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
87p1hy
|
how can contacts be so thin and work when glasses are much thicker for the same prescription?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dwem5uz",
"dwfdtdj"
] |
[
"Its closer to your eye. A magnifying glass held too close to your face is difficult to look through because it becomes too strong. But if you hold it further away then the magnification lessens."
] |
[
26
] |
[
[],
[
"https://goo.gl/images/HZFrJx"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
b6lztd
|
What the hell is an SSAE-18?
|
I’m tired of googling around and am coming to you Reddit to explain this to me like the simple child I am. Is an SSAE-18 an actual report or is it an auditing standard/methodology? How does it relate to SOC reports? The terms are sometimes used interchangeably is if they are same thing but sometimes it seems like they are each distinct control reports. It’s confusing the hell out of me.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ejlc84d"
] |
[
"Statement on Standard for Attestation Engagements. And it's the 18th version. It is used to establish requirements and provide guidance to auditors for reporting on examination, review and agreed-upon procedures engagements. Essentially it level sets so everyone agrees on how things are being measured or audited. It can cover the standards and procedures for SOC attestations but isn't part of one. Basically \"here's how we all agree that the audit will be done, what reports will be produced, how often auditors will visit, what controls may be tested, and what SOC reports will be reviewed\"."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
gui0vr
|
How is skim/light milk made?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fsijtqh",
"fsiiodg"
] |
[
"When milk is first produced, it separates easily into layers where fats rise to the top. This fat is literally \"skimmed\" of the top (that's why it's called skim milk), at least that was the traditional method. These days, at least for commercial dairy operations, milk is spun through centrifuges that are designed to separate a certain amount of fat from the milk. But it's essentially the same process - skimming aided by gravity, centrifugal separation aided by centrifugal force (I know, I know, such a force doesn't exist, but I'll leave discussion of angular momentum and density for a non-ELI5 explanation)."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8ti2ej
|
Why do wine bottles have that huge indent at the bottom?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e17m4qe",
"e17m7g8"
] |
[
"It’s called a punt, and I believe it has to do the the durability of the bottle in transport."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5wbata
|
How did people make the "bootleg" NES/SNES/MD games back in the 90s? Like "Sonic" for the NES, or "Kart Fighter"?
|
Back in the 90s (and 80s too, probably) there were bootleg games for consoles like the NES/SNES/Megadrive(Genesis). Stuff like this: URL_0 That's a Game Grumps play of Kart Fighter, a bootleg for the NES. Some of these games are more recent, i.e. people made them post-2000 and they mainly existed to be played on emulators. I know a fair bit about how videogames are made, so those make a bit more sense to me. However, some of them existed back when those consoles were the latest thing (I remember playing them) - **but how did people make them, with the limited tools and knowledge available?**
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"de9airu"
] |
[
"Unless development documentation had leaked to the public, pirates would have to reverse engineer their target platform. This process usually involved looking at how the game system behaved given an existing program (a legitimate game) but also could include decapsulating chips and looking at them with an electron microscope to figure out how the internal circuitry worked. After this, pirates could create their own toolkits for writing games. The lack of official documentation combined with the difficulty in completely reverse-engineering a game console is why many pirated games are rather unstable and crash-prone. Some pirate game manufacturers even went as far as to design their own expansion chips for the NES (check out iNES mapper 90 if you're interested)."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
kep292
|
What do the tropical lines mean
|
Earth Science
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gg3r2mb"
] |
[
"If you're between the tropics then at some point during the year the sun is directly overhead."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9tsvpw
|
how can you cool atoms with lasers?
|
Give me your best analogies!
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e8yukwe",
"e8z2eln"
] |
[
"Let's say you have a robot with an electric motor connected to an array of directional microphones, which will accelerate in the opposite direction whenever it hears a very specific note, say a C minor. The rest of the time it's just moving around randomly but at a constant speed. Now you set up speakers all around this robot playing a C minor that's just a *tiny* bit out of tune. The sounds are a tiny bit too deep, less than 1% but that's still enough your robot won't react to it. If the robot is moving towards a speaker, though, at the same less than 1% of the speed of sound, that causes it to \"drive into\" the soundwaves giving the same effect as when an ambulance drives past you, making it hear the off-key C minor as being exactly on key, which causes it to try to go in the opposite direction, slowing down. Atoms only react to specific frequencies, colours, of light, same as how the robot only reacts to specific notes, and the frequency of light gets shifted by moving towards it or away from it same as sound."
] |
[
54
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9xhu9z
|
How are squatters able to stay on peoples properties without being arrested?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e9shqhm",
"e9sh1db",
"e9sher4"
] |
[
"An eviction, in most states, is a civil matter not a criminal one. Cops can't arrest you over a civil matter, you need to go to court and have them legally evicted. Otherwise any dispute over rent would end up in the cops arresting a renter. -edit- Also, assault is obviously illegal. Of course the home owner would be arrested."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
96ig16
|
With the whole room to fly in, why do flies choose to fly right in front of my face?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e40nz9w",
"e40nxyw",
"e40nvvq"
] |
[
"Probably for the same reasons that my sons have the entire house to roam in but they choose to sit inches, and sometimes right on, their brother....because they are flat out annoying and that is their purpose and goal in life."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a1iuda
|
How are we able to have a voice in our head?
|
For instance I’m able to say “I need to go to the store” but it “sounds” like my voice in my head. Or I can think I bet she would say “blah blah blah” and it’s in her voice. How are we able to have a voice in our head that “talks”?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eaqb9d6",
"eaq3exm",
"eaqrytj",
"eaqnyk7"
] |
[
"Your brain is a very complex machine we don’t understand, therefore there is no current explaination. Listen to who’s voice it is though. It’s often not yours and will change throughout your life sometimes completely at random. Funny huh."
] |
[
22
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6853ly
|
why do people with sleep paralysis experience similar events?
|
So I've recently watched "The Nightmare" documentary about sleep paralysis and everyone interviewed all said they experienced shadow people, the man in the hat etc. I was wondering why people all see the same things dispite living on different continents or having different life experiences
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgvrh58"
] |
[
"Every night when you sleep you enter sleep paralysis, it's what keeps your body from moving so you don't hurt yourself while you're unconscious ([or conscious if you're a lucid dreamer]( URL_0 )) The mind and the body mostly don't communicate with each other. Yes, your brain is controlling your bodily functions (growing hair, digesting foods, repairing cells, etc.) but the body has little communication with the higher cognitive regions of the brains (your consciousness) and vice versa. This is why your body can become paralyzed with your mind being awake. The reason you see these scary things are simple, really. Your mind has no idea what is going on. You're paralyzed, it's dark, and so naturally, your heart rate increases and you become \"scared.\" Your mind then begins to conjure up all these images to possibly explain why you are paralyzed. It's common to feel like something is sitting on your chest making it hard to breathe. Demons, witches, etc are common in popular culture throughout the world, so this is probably the reason people see relatively similar hallucinations. I actually had sleep paralysis last night, I understood what was happening, and it wasn't all that scary for me."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"http://www.world-of-lucid-dreaming.com"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
aazkpn
|
How is inflation calculated for times far enough away that everything was different?
|
like, I was looking up the conversion rate for the 1850s for something and it occurred to me I had no idea how that number could feasibly be calculated. Like, if the cost of a shirt back then was 50 cents, does that get compared to the cost of a modern department store button up? Or does it get compared to a modern custom tailored, hand sewn (and potentially hand woven) dress shirt since that's what you would probably HAVE to buy? But the cost of a custom tailored shirt today is inflated by the fact that store bought button ups made in factories exist? And like, I'm pretty sure land was insanely cheap but that's because there was so much of it, so does that get taken into account when you do the calculation of the spending power of a dollar? Like, lets say the numbers we're working with are: 1950 - * 1 piano: $195 * 1 bottle of port: $0.11 * 1 lb coffee: $0.80 * 1 doctor visit: $2.00 * 1 new house in Brooklyn: $2500 [source]( URL_0 ) 2018 - (sources are all first google result I find) * 1 piano: $3000+ (15.3+ x bigger) * 1 lb coffee: 2.80 (3.5 x bigger) * 1 bottle of port: $15.50 (140 x bigger) * 1 new house in Brooklyn: $769,000 (307 x bigger) * 1 doctor visit: average payment of $69 (ayy lmao) average CHARGE of $104 (35 or 52 x bigger depending how you calculate it) What do you DO with those numbers to figure out inflation? And that's not even factoring in things like how modern cost of living involves phone and internet plans and cars being a thing that exists and the middle class so like... when someone says "a dollar in 1850 was worth $32 today" what does that actually MEAN? and how are they figuring it out?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ecw9emo",
"ecwa6c3",
"ecwxtw4",
"ecwy28h",
"ecwyk5n"
] |
[
"It's a very imperfect calculation. But we can add up the inflation in smaller intervals — say, from 1850 to 1860, and then from 1860 to 1870 — which is somewhat helpful. Ultimately it's not an accurate or precise long-term number, though, as you observed."
] |
[
47
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
jowp5y
|
Why can’t we just overcook rotten meat to make it safe to eat?
|
Why can’t we just overcook spoiled meat to reach a super high internal temperature and kill all the bacteria? Wouldn’t that make it safe to eat again?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gbavran",
"gbay27m",
"gbavxx5",
"gbawl2b",
"gbbw49h"
] |
[
"Toxins are left in the meat. Many of these won't be killed by heat and many will make you very sick"
] |
[
40
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
dcc2fh
|
Why do digital cameras and lenses range in price from under $100 to tens of thousands, and at what price point are there diminished returns (for the average person's eye)?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f276vpq"
] |
[
"* Build quality * Image sensors and processing capabilities (you need processing power to encode video, for example) which can affect video recording capabilities, image resolution and quality, color calibration features, etc * Lenses. A $100 camera is going to have a fixed lens. DSLRs are almost always $400+, usually $600+ and let you swap out lenses which produce a vastly superior picture when you're using the right lens for a situation and know what you're doing. What's the price point at which you start experiencing dimininishing returns? Depends on your definition of \"Average person\". Your average person doesn't own a dedicated camera and uses a smartphone which is good enough for day to day use. What it really lacks is performance in low light, lack of optical zoom, lack of fine, true (as in not software-based) control over stuff like ISO, fstop, shutter speed. Most people are fine enough with this to not spend $500+ on a single purpose device that can't fit in their pocket. Your average photo enthusiast that wants a dedicated camera is likely to be looking at an entry level (~$500-600) or mid range ($700-900) DSLR. A mid-range DSLR will probably do for some professional purposes as well."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
b7jzup
|
Why is it difficult to lift your ring finger by itself, while all other fingers require little effort to lift/move by themselves?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ejsbky4",
"ejsbiyi"
] |
[
"I can lift mine by itself with no issue. Is that not normal?"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6igyc3
|
Why do they say to "breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth" when exercising?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dj6572m"
] |
[
"When you breathe in through your nose you're filtering the air before it goes into your lungs, and pulling it through a smaller opening, forcing you to inhale slower taking deeper breaths. You exhale through your mouth because it's a bigger opening and you want to get the 'bad air' out as fast as you can. Your nose also helps regulate the temperature of the air you're breathing. When it goes in your mouth it goes very quickly into your lungs, and if it's too cold it can be jarring to your lungs. I'd guess, when it's way too hot out, like today, it also serves to cool it down a bit."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gcnaux
|
Why is hyperventilating bad for you?
|
What goes wrong in the body when one voluntarily hyperventilates? In other words: if I am a normal healthy person with no medical conditions or illnesses and decide to consciously and continuously breathe as rapidly as I can for an extended period, what could go wrong?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fpced5w"
] |
[
"Oxygen concentration in air is higher than in your blood, and carbon dioxide is lower. If you hyperventilate, you rapidly keep changing the air, so you maintain those high O2 and low CO2 concentrations that your lung is exposed for longer than your body takes time to generate CO2, you end up raising blood O2 and lowering CO2 more than normal. Due to the buffer system in your blood, the lowered CO2 then makes your blood more basic chemically (opposite of acidic). Among many other effects, this induces vasoconstriction or narrowing of blood vessels, which reduces perfusion to your brain and heart which makes you dizzy and can make you pass out. If you fall and hit your head, it can be dangerous. That's all. The alkalosis itself is unlikely to kill you because your body's reflexes will kick in eventually."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7ocz68
|
Why do emojis look different across platforms and why do they look especially bad in web browsers?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ds8jlfg"
] |
[
"Emojis are Unicode characters just like the letters and numbers in the text around them. Character number 65 is \"Latin capital letter A\", and number 128512 is \"Grinning face\". When I type 😀, your device just gets that number, and it's up to your device to provide a font with a symbol to represent the character."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5s3ula
|
How a song you used to know, but after 10 years are unable to say a single phrase from it, once the music starts you suddenly can sing the whole thing without even thinking?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddc9774"
] |
[
"All your memories are stored in your brain, you DO - as everyone - have autobiographical memory (short of any physical or genetic brain damage) l. It's just that you can't access those memories. But when you encounter a trigger or anchor your brain then attributes more instantaneous significance to those memories and you can recall them. PS: Deep brain stimulation offers evidence of memories being permanent. Hypnosis as well. There are simpler methods but that's beyond the scope of this question."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
m7umfw
|
Do we perceive bad smells (i.e rotten food) as bad smells because they are potentially harmful to us?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"grdov02",
"grdxsfm",
"grf390j",
"grf3mcs",
"grf3in8",
"grf5kl4"
] |
[
"Generally yes. Chemicals that we find particularly noxious are rarely present randomly on their own, they’re sulfurous compounds that decomposing bacteria release as waste. The various sulfides aren’t necessarily toxic on their own, but their presence indicates a high likelihood of nearby decay - or active volcanoes. Animals that actively seek out decomposition like flies find the horrific scent of hydrogen sulfide quite attractive."
] |
[
333
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5rvjep
|
How come when the batteries in a remote control die, if you switch those two batteries around, the remote starts to work again?
|
So, say that you have two AA batteries in the remote and they're completely dead and the remote won't work at all. Then you take the back off and use those same batteries but just switch which one was + and which one was - the remote will start to work again. Why is this?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddag3ks"
] |
[
"Because sometimes it's not that the batteries are completely dead, it's that dirt and corrosion have made the electrical contacts stop being as conductive as they should be. When you move the batteries, it removes the dirt and oxidation, exposing conductive metal."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6vbfwp
|
Why do we automatically dislike people who dislike us?
|
It seems if someone ever finds out that another person doesn't like them or says bad things about them, the feeling becomes mutual. I've actually liked people who didn't like me and had good things to say about people who said bad things about me, but for the most part that doesn't seem to be how we react.
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dlz8t62"
] |
[
"Most likely serves as defense mechanism for our ego. If we still liked people that dislike us, we would still actively try to be around them and involved in activities with them. Someone that doesn't like you usually isn't going to treat you well, the pain of which is multiplied due to your liking of them (as anyone who has been treated poorly by someone they care about can attest to). It is much less painful if our mind can respond instead with \"well fuck that guy, I hated that douche anyway\""
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
e4n8k7
|
Differences and similarities between caffeine and nicotine
|
I’ve often heard people compare nicotine to caffeine, as vaping and nicotine use are becoming more common due to carrying less risks than tobacco use. The argument I know of is that, like caffeine, nicotine can be beneficial, without carrying the risks of smoking. I’m curious about how it all began and I want to be more informed and understand the argument. How do the two substances affect the body and what are their differences and similarities?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f9dud5z"
] |
[
"No amount of nicotine is good for you. It is nerve toxin even if we remove the smoke part of tobacco. One can argue that it is worth it for the cognitive boost it does give. It most important function is releasing dopamine that makes us feel better and is part of the reward system that gives that good feeling for ex when you finish a task. Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors which are responsible of you feeling tired and sleepy. You will also get slight increase in adrenaline and dopamine. Caffeine is much less harmful for us but it is debatable if any amount is healthy for us. Its toxicity is far off from nicotine which can be used as very effective pesticide in quite dilute solutions effectively (1-2% nicotine solution with little bit of detergent will be deadly for most insects). Neonicotinoids are further developed from nicotine and are one reason for insecticide and bee deaths. They are banned in EU for various reasons. I am not aware of any caffeine related pesticides, not that it is of any proof but it kind of tells one fundamental difference between those two. People who say that caffeine and nicotine are both as harmless are lying or are very ignorant. Most likely, if it is vapers who say it, they are trying to justify their own nicotine use and are either actively or accidentally fooling themselves. Everyone can make a decision to use nicotine products but at least they should be fully aware of what they are doing. I use both of those substances myself (much less nicotine, quite a lot of coffee, i'm a Finn...so about 12kg a year..) so i'm not saying these things just to demonize nicotine but you need to know that it is not good for you and its effects will be diminished over time: you will more or less return to normalcy after getting your nicotine fix if you are addicted to it. Nicotine is VERY addictive, it hijacks the reward system while the noticeable effects are on par with coffee. In a list of addictive substances, nicotine is right after heroin, cocaine and benzodiazepams."
] |
[
33
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
i5vc40
|
Why are children who experience abuse more likely to engage in riskier sexual behaviour as teens?
|
Psychology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g0rwv0x",
"g0rw0bi"
] |
[
"Hypersexuality is the most common response to childhood sexual abuse. There are a lot of reasons for this. I've listed a few of the basic ones below. (a) Survivors of CSA are often conditioned to view sex as a form of validation. They turn to sex for attention and love after the abuse because they know no other way to get these things. (b) It can be a matter of dependency on the chemicals. Sex releases hormones which make us feel good. Someone who has suffered frequent abuse might seek out the release. (c) It's a way for survivors to gain control of a situation. It's a choice now rather than something forced upon them. This can feel freeing. They have the say over their bodies and what happens to them in these situations."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bfp40r
|
How Ana Humphrey's mathematical model of determining the possible locations of exoplanets work?
|
Ana is the winner of first place of Regeneron Science Talent Search. Here is [Ana's explanation at Veritasium's interview]( URL_0 ), but I didn't get anything.
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"elfq8df"
] |
[
"Everything with mass has gravity. The closer two things are, the stronger they pull on each other. That means that if two planets are in orbits that are too close, they will pull on each other too much. If they pull on each other too much, their orbits will become unstable. Ana took the data from the Kepler space telescope and looked for planetary systems that had gaps between orbits big enough to potentially fit other planets. Because of the way Kepler worked, there are a bunch of ways Kepler could miss seeing a planet. Ana found about 500 stars that are candidates for having another planet that we missed. This means these stars are good targets for further study."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6nxn4u
|
How much does "buying" a home loan cost after it's been completely paid off?
|
I've been doing some research into buying a first home and I've been confused about the loan process. In particular, how much do you end up paying a home loan after it's been completely paid off. For example, let's use a loan of $500k with a 4% fixed interest rate paid over 30 years... Is it just $1,100k in the end?? I'm confused about all the math those goes into the calculation. EDIT: Fixed math
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkd0rhq"
] |
[
"You need to look up something called an amortization schedule. It's a lot more complicated than that. You pay an annual interest rate on the balance of your loan ... but your loan payment is also designed that in the first few years, you're mostly paying interest, and not paying down the principal. A lot depends on the specific loan period and amount, but in general, you'll probably end up paying about as much in interest as the principal amount. So for your $500K loan, you'll pay back [very approximately] 1 million over the life of the loan. It looks like right now, your monthly payment for $500K at 4.6% would be about $2500 a month for 30 years, or roughly $900K total, not counting insurance and taxes."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
a7safg
|
why in the intro of SNL do they list the cast, and then say "featuring" other cast members?
|
Heidi Gardner, Ego Nwodim, and Chris Redd are introduced as "featuring", what's the difference between them and the other cast members?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ec5clqz",
"ec5cp3e"
] |
[
"The practical difference is screen time. The featured players, as they are called, are new and thus tend not to be used much until they can prove to Lorne Michaels (the show runner) that they are ready and most importantly, funny. Most new cast member start as featured players and then earn their spot in the regular cast. The featured players come and go more frequently than the regular cast does."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9tfp7a
|
What's the difference between speed and velocity?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e8vy4r9",
"e8w60xu",
"e8vyam6"
] |
[
"Speed is absolute in how fast you are going, velocity also includes the direction you're going to or from a defined point. Speed can't be negative, velocity can."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
he142u
|
How do hallucinogens create hallucinations
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fvphkvy"
] |
[
"The answer depends entirely on the drug. Classical psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT exert their effects largely by changing serotonin receptor signaling (especially in the visual cortex). Ketamine, DXM, and other dissociative psychedelics exert their effects largely by changing glutamate signaling. Salvia divinorum contains a mysterious chemical called salvinorin A, and although its mechanism of action is much more mysterious than those of the drugs above, it seems to involve kappa opioid receptors (extremely different from the mu opioid receptors that are the target for the drugs we call “opioids”). Hallucinations in amphetamine psychosis seem to be caused largely by changes in dopamine. Other drugs like scopolamine, atropine, and muscimol can cause hallucinations by changing acetylcholine signaling. These are just a few examples. There is a hallucinogenic drug for every major transmitter system in the brain. tldr: the answer completely depends on the specific drug. Hallucinations caused by different drugs can be extremely different, and these differences are the result of differences in the effects of the drugs on brain activity."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6m491y
|
Why does English not have a formal 'you' unlike other languages descended from Latin, like Italian?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"djyrio9",
"djyrxis"
] |
[
"“You” *is* formal, as well as plural. What modern English lost was the familiar/singular “thou.” There's a line ~~in one of Shakespeare's plays where one character says to another~~ about Sir Walter Raleigh “I thou thee, thou traitor!” The use of “thou” in this implies that the speaker thinks so little of his listener that he refuses to use the formal pronoun. Besides that, English is a Germanic language. Not a Romance language. It simply has a *lot* of words and influence from Latin, French, and Greek, especially in law and science."
] |
[
36
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7coqjq
|
What does the "farian" in words like rastafarian and pastafarian mean?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dprgjvb",
"dprg1vh"
] |
[
"The Rastafari religion centers on the former emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, also known (among other names) as Ras Tafari Makonnen. Tafari was his personal name, Ras was his title (meaning head, or prince - it was basically a title of nobility), and he took the name Haile Selassie when he became Emperor. He's treated as either a prophet or a Christ-like incarnation of Ja (god) in the religion (depending on who you ask). So Rastafarian comes from Ras Tafari and the suffix -an, meaning \"person of this group\" in the same way that Jamaic**an** or Americ**an** does. \"Pastafarian\" is the name of a parody religion created in the early 2000's to point out the ridiculous elements of many religions and the problems inherent with accepting or teaching religions in schools. The original idea was \"if schools are teaching Creationism alongside evolution, then they might as well also teach the doctrines of the Flying Spaghetti Monster too, to be fair.\" The name \"Pastafarian\" was chosen to spoof the name \"Rastafarian,\" with a spaghetti twist. So the \"-farian\" suffix isn't its own thing, it just happens to come up in those two words."
] |
[
93
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7ul8ww
|
How do doctors amputate limbs?
|
Do they cut off and cauterize a little bit at a time or do they just chop that bitch off and do it all at once?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dtl4qso",
"dtlddwq",
"dtl4okz"
] |
[
"Kind of depends on the type/level of the amputation. Typically you identify the major nerves and vascular structures and tie them off, followed by cutting all the soft tissue with the bone being last."
] |
[
40
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6q79yd
|
Why is it that upgrading a phone or a computer to a newer operating system typically results in the device performing worse or slower?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkv3fk6",
"dkv42ww"
] |
[
"Because phone companies use planned-obsolescence to slow down older devices artificially in order to push newer devices. OR Because newer software is more taxing on the hardware than older versions was. Both of these have some truth in them, I recall several instances where it was claimed that around the release of newer generation hardware, many smartphone manufacturers utilise the first method, while the second option is almost a passive process as apps become larger and more complicated. Edit: I should note that the intentional sabotaging of older generation devices is often referred to as a conspiracy theory, with little corroborating evidence. It is likely that poor optimisation and growing complexity of apps and growing reliance on constant connectivity is the main driving force behind the increased strain on your hardware."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6uftkv
|
Why humans are so bad at reproducing.
|
Why are humans in nature so bad at reproducing? High infant mortality rates, becoming increasingly less mobile through the pregnancy, high mother and infant mortality rates, intense pain. Why?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dlsd018",
"dlsd0pb"
] |
[
"Nature doesn't do perfect, nature does \"good enough\". It doesn't give a single fuck how much pain and trouble and suffering you went through because of your body's poor design that was the result of random dice rolls. If you live long enough to reproduce and perpetuate your species, that means your design works. If you don't, you go extinct. As simple and cruel as that."
] |
[
26
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
dukkeb
|
How does Google maps know if a road is closed or traffic is slow?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f76ryrb",
"f76ry5a"
] |
[
"Google does a lot of tracking on user's phones, and they also own Waze. Between those data sources, and others, they know when multiple users are moving more slowly than usual on a given road, or if no users are on a given road. they're also connected to multiple departments of transportation and receive notifications of road closures and other activity."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7wjeid
|
How could we stay on the same radio tune when we are driving?
|
The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave for an observerwho is moving relative to the wave source. How could we stay on the same radio tune when we are driving?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"du0ttja",
"du0tuh3"
] |
[
"The doppler effect does effect the radio, but not enough to mater. An FM station doesn't transmit on exactly one frequency. It spans a range of 100 to 200 kHz (depending on where you are) So you might think that 100 Mhz. In reality that is where the transmission is centered. On an old dial radio, you may not be exactly on the center frequency and hear the station just fine. So as you drive the Doppler effect will change the station you are tuned to by a tiny amount. If you think you are tuned to 100, but you are actually tuned to 100.01 or 99.99 MHz as you drive around, it just doesn't matter. You still hear the frequency loud and clear."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
l0bs5u
|
Why does it feel like time goes by more quickly when you’re having fun, and slower when you’re struggling or bored?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gjtb5vp",
"gjsz6lm"
] |
[
"Michael from VSauce does a great explanation of that phenomena, asking with some other time based illusions. URL_0"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"https://youtu.be/zHL9GP_B30E"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6wbi8j
|
Does looking at certain colors have an affect on your brain/mind? If so, what colors associate with what effect?
|
I heard that looking at the color green boosts creativity so I was wondering if this was actually true and if other colors have any effects
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dm6smgu"
] |
[
"It is still a very little known subject but we know that some associations of colors have huge impact on our brain. For example, you should check the Mc Collough which can change your perception of colors for months, just by showing parallel colored lines!"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6t0ls3
|
How did it become common place for humans to call their parents "mom" and "dad" as opposed to their actual name?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dlgyd04",
"dlh4yfn",
"dlgy7a5",
"dlh6hsb",
"dlh8200",
"dlh9yee",
"dlhk73e",
"dlh5pkn",
"dlhhk24",
"dlh78u5",
"dlh9cbn",
"dlh8xpg",
"dlh4abp",
"dlh9260",
"dlh4mtq",
"dlhoqtv",
"dlhmcer",
"dlh9y67",
"dlhl5ag"
] |
[
"My linguistics Professor told us that even in completely unrelated languages, their early words to address the parents tend to gravitate towards a certain type of sound. Her explanation was that the lip muscles are one of the earliest muscles the child learns to use, because sucking is important for survival, so bilabial open syllables (open syllable are simple consonant+vowel combination) like \"ma\" \"ba\" or \"pa\" are the easist for a child to learn. \"mom\" and \"dad\" would then be the slightly more grown up version of \"mama\" and \"dada\". (da is a bit of an odd one out because it's not bilabial, but still relatively easy to learn compared to complex words) Even in languages in which parents are traditionally addressed more formally, they usually start out with easier \"baby\" words, and adopt the more formal terms later when the child can speak properly. But in many cases, some variation of the babyterms just stick. In short: a baby physically wouldn't be able to address his father as \"Alexander Leopold von Großauchenbach\", so they just call him \"dada\" instead."
] |
[
11722
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7wq3jt
|
light bulbs in cold weather versus warm weather
|
it could be my imagination, but why does it seem that the light bulb in my garage burns brighter in warm weather than it does when its cold out?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"du2dm49",
"du2dkht"
] |
[
"It's not your imagination, fluorescent lamps have a range of operation in which they are at their full brightness, most are arround 18°C and 25°C, which could be considered warm weather. I actually couldn't find why but I would guess that the mercury doesn't react as well when it's colder. Let's hope someone can really answer why."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
kzdyre
|
What is that “chilling sensation” from tea tree oil, bio freeze or icy hot ?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gjnc568",
"gjnc8t4"
] |
[
"Biofreeze and icy hot contain menthol, a chemical compound that happens to stimulate the cold-sensitive receptors in your skin and other tissues. This is actually the same reason that capsaicin, the 'spicy' compound in peppers, causes a hot sensation - it stimulates the heat-sensitive receptors. *Why* this is exactly isn't really clear. It seems kind of weird that we would have heat receptors in our cells that also randomly respond to certain compounds produced by plants. One theory is that the temperature-sensing equipment evolved first in animals, and then plants evolved the compounds as deterrents to make animals not want to eat them. But then we humans come along and we're a bunch of weirdos who decide we like the feelings these chemical deterrents cause"
] |
[
27
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
aihlc3
|
Why does putting ice on an injury reduce swelling?
|
How does putting ice on an injured spot prevent it from swelling? I know it helps with numbing the pain as well, but it’s used to reduce the swell of an injury. How does that work?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eens546"
] |
[
"Swelling occurs because of vasodilation - the blood vessels open up and send more fluids to the injured area. Ice/cold causes vasoconstriction - the blood vessels close up so all that fluid doesn’t flood into the injured area."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
k7lajy
|
why do wages not keep up with the rising cost of living?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gero8bp",
"gerqzq1"
] |
[
"The short answer is debt. As the economy, and the money supply, grows, so does the total debt. Since the advent of pure fiat money the banks have become quite proficient in draining the excess productivity from the economy without allowing it to show up in wages and salaries. You might end up hearing more complex answers from apologists for the current system but it really is as simple as I laid it out. 97% of all money in circulation is created as interest bearing debt and that forces the money supply to grow forever to keep up the interest payments."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6q7fxe
|
How does the IQ test accurately measure intelligence?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkv56eb"
] |
[
"It does not. It was proven, almost as soon as it was invented, that not only were the areas the IQ test was used for like spacial reasoning, and pattern recognition were completely arbitrary, it was found that it neglected to test much more abstract, much more important aspects of intelligence like social intelligence, physical intelligence, mathematical, literary, good old fashioned common sense, and many, many other types of intellegences. I'm addition intelligence itself is completely arbitrary. As the old saying goes if you judge a fish by its ability to climb trees it will always be stupid. These realizations, in addition to the fact that minorities tended to score low on these tests due to their Reliance on more practical intelligences due to their harsh role in society, compared to the abstract types comprising the test it was used to \"prove\" that whites were the superior race, a fact that the well meaning inventor of the test regretted to his dying day."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cpeotd
|
How does the way of breathing change the intensity of pain?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ewp3u8e"
] |
[
"There have been a number of studies in different areas (mostly chronic pain management) in recent years suggesting that slower breathing can reduce pain perception, but the reasoning is still foggy. Effects like reduced tension and negative feelings are mentioned, as well as more positive and/or different mindsets. My guess is that tension plays the most immediate role for acute pain, and the psycho-emotional side of things is more impactful for people with chronic pain, but that’s just speculation."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
duncnl
|
How can low unemployment be bad?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f779d5b",
"f77ae4t"
] |
[
"It depends on who's perspective you look at it from. It's great for workers, because their labor is very valuable and employers must compete to hire from a scarce pool of workers. Companies don't like it because it means they have to offer better wages and benefits to attract and retain employees, and that cuts into profits."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kwc2rz
|
Perfect silicon spheres were developed to redefine the kilogram because the platinum kilogram was changing in weight even in extremely strictly controlled physical conditions. If dust can ruin the platinum kilogram, why are people allowed to touch the silicon version?
|
How is it that the sphere doesn't become 'contaminated' with extra atoms from skin, clothes or even breath? Or is it just that these contaminants are very easy to clean off afterwards?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gj3e7vw",
"gj3exz5",
"gj3efza",
"gj49i1a",
"gj3hp36",
"gj3hcy7",
"gj4swfv"
] |
[
"Not sure about silicon spheres, but the kilogram is now defined in terms of fundamental constants rather than a lump of something. The definition is in terms of the Planck constant, the speed of light and the atomic transition frequency. A lump of something is simpler, but as you note, is prone to changing over time."
] |
[
54
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/ZMByI4s-D-Y",
"object.so"
],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMByI4s-D-Y",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oo0jm1PPRuo"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6vqen2
|
Are ethics instinctual or manifested through consciousness?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dm251uz",
"dm27rpp"
] |
[
"I believe this is the age old question of \"Nature vs. Nurture.\" A theme I am sure many people discussed afyer reading \"Lord of the Flies\" in school. I don't think that there is a right answer to the question. In my non professional opinion it is a combination of both."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dw27ln
|
How does snow work? Are there places where it snows once and it doesnt melt nor does it snow again until 1-2 weeks later? Or more?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f7g725x",
"f7gciot"
] |
[
"It's not that it's not cold enough to snow. Snow is just like rain. But colder. It can be cold but not snow, the same way it doesnt rain for long periods of time. It is common to see the same snow for a week or more. It doesnt stay fluffy though, it develops this hard layer at the top. But if you punch or stomp through that layer its preserved fresh snow under that. Snow is also a great insulator. Igloos as well as various snow huts are used in extreme climates and you can actually stay warm in them."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[
"two.it"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jjergu
|
Why are avocados so low in sugar and high in fat when most other fruits that come to mind are higher in sugar and carbs?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gacdgho",
"gacv484",
"gacwlxn"
] |
[
"Because, from a botany perspective, the definition of \"fruit\" doesn't have to include sugar and sweetness. Fruits are only the structure surrounding a seed (i.e. the mature ovary of the plant). Other \"fruits\" include bean pods, corn kernels, tomatoes, and wheat grains."
] |
[
37
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6606701/"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
65pefi
|
If an addict goes into a coma for enough time to get it out of their system, would they still be addicted when they wake up?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgc3mwv",
"dgcfwlp",
"dgc5a1h",
"dgc7b2y",
"dgcp650",
"dgckn1o",
"dgcx5w3",
"dgctxst",
"dgcxty6"
] |
[
"They would have no physical addiction. They would go through withdrawal while unconscious. But they'd still be addicted psychologically, much like a person who quits for awhile--they will still crave the substance, but not become physically ill when not having any. It's actually a thing to put people to sleep so they can detox while unconscious."
] |
[
437
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
grtar2
|
What was done differently for SpaceX to create more fitted space suits than NASA ACES suit?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fs0ypa9",
"fs1067k",
"fs0zflj"
] |
[
"They hired the guy who designs all of the costumes in Disney movies (including the Marvel Cinematic Universe) to design the suit. That guy specifically designed them to look sleek and cool. One of the big changes he made was to not include any external pockets. The orange NASA ACES suit is derived from the pressure suit that was designed by the Air Force for high altitude planes back in the 50's. That suit was covered in pockets because personal computers and LCD screens weren't exactly a thing in the 50's. This meant that the pilots had to take a bunch of paperwork up with them - all of the charts, checklists, and everything else that the needed had to be printed out on paper and carried into the plane. The most convenient place to store this stuff was on the suit itself, which was covered in pockets to facilitate that. This basic \"covered in pockets\" design was continued on into the Space Shuttle era when it was still necessary for crew members to carry a significant amount of documentation with them which they needed to be able to access quickly. The state of current technology means that all of that paperwork can now reliably be accessed through LCD multi function displays or tablets, meaning that there isn't a reason for the crews to carry it with them, meaning that they don't need a suit that is literally covered in pockets."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
awk3wo
|
What does "Games as a Service" mean?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ehn2wjc",
"ehn2lcc"
] |
[
"You know how you need to pay a monthly subscription to access Netflix. The same idea applies with games were basically you pay to access the content and don’t actually own the game (Think World of Warcraft) it allows developers to milk games for every dime as they know if people enjoy playing it they will continue to pay the subscription to access it. Free to play games with premium content (fortnite’s seasonal battle pass) is another version of the same practice"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c6g00h
|
Why does water expand when frozen?
|
ELI5: Title says it all, why does H2O expand when frozen? In school I was told that water was weird because it expands when frozen, but was never told why. Does anyone know?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"es8kauc",
"es8iw94",
"es8ojez"
] |
[
"Picture a bunch of people in a room. They're each a water molecule. Their body is the oxygen atom and each stretched out hand is a hydrogen atom. In liquid form they're moving around some, bouncing into each other. Occasionally one will grab someone else's shirt for a while. That's a hydrogen bond. It's pretty weak but a bunch of them combined can actually be pretty strong. That's what gives water its surface tension. As the water cools, they start to slow down. The bounces become less frequent and less energetic, so when someone grabs someone else's shirt they're able to hold on longer. As we cross the freezing point these interactions start getting locked in place. So now instead of losing grip on the shirt and bouncing together, they now stay at arm's length. They start to chain together forming a 3D crystal structure. Now everybody is nice and organized, spaced apart from each other at arms length. There's very little bouncing off of other people. So we went from a relatively dense state with people in close proximity frequently bouncing into each other, to a crystal state where everybody has space between everyone else, a less dense state. That's how water expands and density drops when frozen :D"
] |
[
101
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5wg1yg
|
How do gemologists tell lab-grown gems from natural gems when the crystal structure is the same?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"de9rvqh"
] |
[
"Naturally formed gems are not perfect. They have atoms of other elements dispersed within their crystal structure. When a gem is grown in the lab, it is usually 100% pure. There are no imperfections, (or nearly none). So when a gemologist observes the crystal structure, and they see no impurities, it is almost certainly lab grown."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
nco6ir
|
How do people not get stung by bees when transporting bees and their Queen's without suits?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gy65ska",
"gy6a0a2"
] |
[
"When bees are swarming - i.e. on the move to establish a new colony - they are at their least aggressive. So long as the queen does not feel directly threatened, the swarm will chill out as near her as possible. Which means that if you get the queen in something like a little wire mesh cage or something you can hold closed with your bare thumb, the whole swarm’s just going to sit on your arm and relax as you carry them all to a new location. It’s a very simple and cost-effective means of bringing a bee swarm to a new location of your choice, though undeniably creepy looking."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.theapiarist.org/smell-the-fear/",
"https://schoolofbees.com/can-bees-smell-fear-the-complete-answer"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
mbn7mb
|
why do iron deficiencies cause the black spots in your vision when you stand up too fast?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gryuv6q"
] |
[
"Your blood contains red blood cells that need that iron to hold on to the oxygen that your body needs. Iron deficiency leads to being anemic, meaning there's less oxygen for the body to do it's thing. The body is really just there to keep the brain alive. So when you have blood flow issues or blood oxygenation issues and you stand up too sickly, the brain can be temporarily deprived of oxygen - affecting balance, vision, etc. Essentially, doing so and your vision starts going wonky, you're on the way to passing out. The brain will do whatever it can to stay alive, and it will put you on the ground to do so."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
an45ug
|
The Photovoltaic Effect
|
Like what's in a solar cell.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"efqk8o3"
] |
[
"A solar cell contains a lot of the same things that a diode contains. In fact an LED will generate a small amount of power if you shine a light on it. There have also been issues with computer chips if you shine light on it as they have allowed the light into the semiconductor surfaces. & #x200B; A diode contains two semiconductor materials. Usually two types of silicon based crystals. These two materials is such that one is naturally charged positively and the other naturally charged negatively. This means that if you try to put a current across it then it will not conduct, but if you change the direction of the current it will conduct. When a photon hits the semiconductors it will knock an electron out and creating a positive and negative charge. But since the diode only allows change to flow one way there is no way for the electron to get back to its place and it is forced to go the long way around through the wires. & #x200B; This is a very simplified version of how this works. There is some advanced quantum physics involved in how it really works. But this is an attempt at making sense of it."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5trkmt
|
Why are we so sure that life can't exist without water?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddoi41o",
"ddojkzj",
"ddoigow",
"ddoiqbg",
"ddoih0m",
"ddooqrl",
"ddohwgg"
] |
[
"we aren't sure. but we understand carbon based life with water. we know the conditions that would satisfy it. we don't know what other life would be like. we don't know what are the conditions that would allow for such life. so we don't know what to look for. if i sent you to find a green tree leaf. you'd know what it looks like when you chance to run across it. if i sent you to find a mythical Bag of Greater Holding, you don't know exactly what it looks like...but you'd know how to test a Bag to see if it was a Holding bag. however if i sent you to find a Thenosian Plectar, you won't even know what to look for...and even recognize it if you happened to run into one."
] |
[
27
] |
[
[],
[
"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/03/21/scientists-finish-a-53-year-old-classic-experiment-on-the-origins-of-life/",
"http://www.livescience.com/52332-why-is-water-needed-for-life.html",
"https://nrich.maths.org/7273"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
60jq08
|
How and why do we wake up when we hear a noise?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"df73spp"
] |
[
"The why is evolution. Sleep is a dangerous time for any creature. Predators or natural disasters could kill you and everyone around you pretty easily. Our brains evolved to wake up to unusual noises, because unusual noise could mean danger. The humans without that adaptation died a lot more often than those without it."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8hn6fi
|
Why identity of the winner isn't protected when they win a big lottery?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dykzllq",
"dykzleq",
"dykzrti",
"dyl1fu8",
"dyl5bjg",
"dyl86y9"
] |
[
"I just looked this up yesterday. If the winner is anonymous then the public has no way to prove there was an actual winner and it wasn't rigged. 6 states allow anonymity in the USA though. I believe there were also some instances of it being rigged in some states so their concern isn't completely unwarranted"
] |
[
245
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l4haqh
|
How does a company gain when their stock prices go up?
|
For example if market opens with a 20% gain in a company's stock, there is a lot of noise happening. But what does this mean for the company? How exactly did the company benefit from this spike? Its not that the founders can sell their shares tonight. They can't pay their suppliers in equity either, so what does a spike really mean for a company , if anything at all?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gkoivjg"
] |
[
"In short the price price only affects the company itself if it sells new shares to the market. The people on the board who make the decisions own significant amounts of that companies stock. The individual share holder on the board is who benefits not the company itself. And keep in mind the price doesn't always reflect the state of the company just look at GME or tesla shares."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
98w9g7
|
Why are there mirages of water far down the road when it is dry, sunny and hot?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e4j5pxq"
] |
[
"it is caused by hot air near the road and less hot air above it creates a gradient in the refractive index of the air and so making a virtual image of the sky appear to be on or below the road"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7vjtph
|
If it takes two weeks for the body to make antibodies, why do people often get over illnesses in just a few days?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dtsv0wq",
"dtsupgf",
"dtsud24",
"dtt8g8d",
"dtsv4zn",
"dtswegd"
] |
[
"It’s like when you buy two bookshelves from IKEA. The first one takes forever because you have to read the instructions and figure out where everything goes. The second goes up much quicker because you’ve done it before and don’t have to refer to the manual as often. When you’re exposed to something your body remember the “manual” and even has some of the tools already on hand. When you haven’t been exposed to something it takes longer to get over it. Think of a vaccine as you stocking your tool box"
] |
[
63
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
810l2m
|
what does cancer do to your body that eventually kills you?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"duzju6b",
"duzk30i",
"duzkm2f",
"dv053hq"
] |
[
"Cancer is jackass cells running around screwing with normal cells trying to do their job. Stops them from working. \"What's the big deal with some cells not working?\" you might ask. Well... It's a problem when an organ stops working."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cqgxzm
|
How can you have two electrical switches that perform the same role independent of the other switch?
|
In many houses you have, for example, a corridor with two light switches at either end. When you turn either switch on/off then the light turns on. Similarly, either will turn the light off, independent of the other switch's position. This does not seem to follow either series or parallel circuit logic, so how can this be?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eww6n5y",
"eww8b0i",
"eww6h7g"
] |
[
"It's called a three-way switch. The two light switches are wired up to each other, and also to the light. There's an extra piece of wire connecting the two switches to each other. When both switches are on, the light goes on. When both switches are off, the light goes on. If one switch is off and the other switch is on, the light turns off. That way you can control the light from either side. It doesn't matter if an individual switch is on or off - they just need to be in the same state as the other switch."
] |
[
35
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ki4qip
|
Any people good with tech. What's the difference between I3 I5 I7 etc, and the 'gen' number ie. 10th gen, 9th gen etc. Same thing or not?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ggov9dt",
"ggosgpe",
"ggorx21"
] |
[
"So ‘I’ followed by number is more the performance band while the gen is to indicate how recent. So I3 will always be lower than I5 but an 8th gen I3 isn’t as good as it’s 10th gen counterpart?"
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
69utns
|
How do recycling companies weed out things that aren't recyclable that are accidentally put in the recycling bin?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dh9j79w",
"dh9lfvy",
"dh9y456",
"dhctnhf"
] |
[
"Even at high tech \"single stream\" recycling plants, that first round of sorting is accomplished with lots of people standing on either side of a conveyor belt and grabbing non-recyclables. URL_0 Notice the plastic bags getting pulled out. Please don't recycle those unless you're certain they're accepted. Edit: grammar."
] |
[
34
] |
[
[
"https://youtu.be/J_RWqgXcP_k?t=122"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kezma4
|
How do meteorologists determine a percent chance of rain/snow/etc?
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gg5fskk"
] |
[
"It's statistical. They observe the developing weather conditions and gather data like wind, temperature, humidity, pressure etc. And then they compare that data to historic weather conditions to estimate what pattern is the best fit. Based on how the data lines up, they can basically say \"there's a pretty strong chance of rain this afternoon, because the last time we saw this data, it rained\". Percentage points are crude estimates, and not usually precise."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
76luw2
|
if proteins and enzymes denature at high temperatures, how do animals such as tardigrades survive under these conditions.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"doezdke",
"dof394e"
] |
[
"They have proteins that are designed to retain their shape at high temperatures. In fact, it's possible that those proteins won't function under more normal temperatures."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
o8hr8e
|
Why can't people explain the taste of water, when asked?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h353x36",
"h3525nu",
"h3533wz",
"h36em6w"
] |
[
"Water doesn't really have a taste. What makes certain water taste good and others not as good is how similar the dissolved mineral content is to your saliva. That also means the taste isn't universal since everyone is a little different. Unless there's something really off about it, asking someone to describe the taste of water is basically asking them to describe how flavorless it is. There might be one language which has a lot of specific words for different types of flavorless but English isn't one of them."
] |
[
23
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c777az
|
Tablet screens vs E-Reader screens
|
I know phones and tablets are lcd screens but what are screens for e-readers (kindle, etc) called? How can they not be lit up like a phone’s screen, still respond to touch, and be able to be seen very easily in sunlight where as a phone or tablet can be on the brightest setting and still be nothing but reflection?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"esdhs9g"
] |
[
"[E-ink]( URL_0 ). Instead of lighting up phosphor dots like a computer monitor, it's filled with dark, electrically charged capsules and they can use electricity to bring them to the surface. It's actually a lot like a very advanced Etch-a-Sketch (except electric instead of magnetic)."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"https://www.eink.com/electronic-ink.html"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
i7r4hx
|
Why do prion diseases only present in the brain? Why aren’t there any in e.g. muscles?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g13ug2f",
"g13swo3"
] |
[
"Known prion diseases primarily are due to a [particular protein]( URL_0 ). This protein is most concentrated in the brain, so any issues with it manifest their first. Since issues with the brain are very easily lethal, symptoms affecting other organs don't have time to develop. Further, the immune system has less ability to access the brain than the rest of the body; meaning that any pathogen that successfully infects the brain (which is hard to do; the factors that limit the immune system also do a good job of keeping out pathogens) has a much better chance of surviving than pathogen elsewhere in the body."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRNP"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6wuvk0
|
Does winning or losing a lawsuit affect your credit rating?
|
I understand that this may vary by region. I am in British Columbia, Canada. However, I am curious about other regions also.
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmayyeh"
] |
[
"It wouldn't, unless the lawsuit was somehow directly related to credit (or a suit involving mortgage, car loan, credit card), or if you had some sort of judgement requiring a lien/garnishment of wages that might be reported as a monthly debt obligation."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
71qupu
|
how do power wires stay the same voltage when so many different homes and companies are drawing power from them?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dncqaat"
] |
[
"they don't stay same voltage. if you measure it, you'll see the voltage go up and down at a fixed position. if you move you'll also see it varies with wire distance to the distribution node. power companies are always monitoring the voltage levels and adjusting the power generators to match the expected demand."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
68skvq
|
Will war between nations still be the same if another WW breakout?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dh0y0xr"
] |
[
"War is never the same. It's ever evolving. The battle plans and strategies used in WW1 were completely different from ww2 and they happened less than 20 years from one another. Technology changes the way we fight and so does our past experience with war. Edit: even within the same war, the strategies used in thr beginning can be completely different from the end as new technology is introduced and sides adapt to what was already tried."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jvrjjg
|
If it would be possible for a fat person to survive consuming only the necessary vitamins and proteins, and no calories
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gcloask",
"gclnzr4"
] |
[
"Yes, a guy in Scotland went over a year without eating to loose weight. Here's the wiki about him. It's highly ill-advised to do this without a doctor monitoring your health URL_0"
] |
[
7
] |
[
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Barbieri's_fast"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
i4ekb8
|
What is BIOS?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g0hrb80",
"g0hqw45"
] |
[
"The Basic Input and Output System. Put very simply, it's a mini computer that performs all the tasks necessary to start your actual computer. Like the electric starter motor in a car."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9ndl9t
|
How do lung x-rays work, if you can only see bones with an x-ray?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e7lhyld",
"e7lhyck"
] |
[
"X-rays show a lot more than bone! They show density of everything inside of you. Bones are the thick and easy to get a nice X-ray of but all your organs show up as different types of shadow. Lungs are made of a thin tissue and should be full of air so you can’t see them on X-ray very well when you’re healthy. But that makes it easy to spot when something other than air is in your lungs such as fluid when you have pneumonia or tumors if you have cancer."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gf5qv3
|
Why can’t my laptop microphone pick up the sound coming from my laptop speakers?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fprj22w",
"fprlgn9",
"fprixv5"
] |
[
"There could be a few reasons for it. Most likely is that the laptop is programmed so it knows what audio it is outputting and can isolate and remove it from what the microphone is picking up. Another possible factor would be the type of microphone it is. Different types of microphones have different areas around them where they pick up sound. So your laptop could have something like a cardioid mic which mostly picks up sounds in front of the mic. I believe most laptops have condenser microphones though which tend to capture sound from all directions."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9jk1k4
|
How do hippos move so quickly through water?
|
They don't have fins, tails or anything that would seem to be able to propel them at the speeds I have seen (just stumpy elephant-like feet).
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e6s5xca",
"e6sy4kp"
] |
[
"They run on the bottom. In shallow waters (which they usually make their home in) Hippos don't as much swim when they are moving fast as they gallop on the ground. Their buoyancy means that they can run in ways that would be impossible on land and their muscles and mass mean that they can get up to quite a high velocity and don't have to worry as much about being slowed down by the water resistance. They can also swim, but hippos are at their most deadly when they cam move by running on the ground in water and on land."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ajz5m6
|
Why was Aristotle's successor, Theophrastus, not renowned as his predecessors? Aristotle was taught by Plato, who learned from Socrates
|
There are major courses for philosophy of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, but few people can name the works of Theophrastus. Why were his works not as intellectually powerful or influential?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ef04lqz",
"ef0uusu"
] |
[
"Aristotle et al. are famous because the books they wrote survived for thousands of years. Long after they died, copies of their books were made in libraries in the Middle East and studied by academics in Europe. This allowed their work to be shared widely, translated into many languages, and most importantly, preserved from destruction. By contrast, we know very little about Theophrastus. According to [Diogenes]( URL_1 ), he was a very influential philosopher in his time, and he wrote a massive amount of books on all kinds of topics. However, almost none of Theophrastus's books have survived to the current day. This means we don't know about most of his ideas, and most of the things we do know about him are from other people mentioning his work. > How far Theophrastus attached himself to the Aristotelic doctrines... can be determined but very partially owing to the scantiness of the statements which we have, and what belongs to this subject can be merely indicated in this place. > > [\\-Dictionary of Greek and Roman Mythology]( URL_2 ) That being said, we do remember Theophrastus for his contribution in certain fields. He is considered the \"father of botany\" for his botanical books, *Enquiry into Plants* and *On the Causes of Plants,* which survived to the 15th century and were highly influential in the European Renaissance. Wikipedia article for further reading: [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )"
] |
[
17
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophrastus",
"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Eminent_Philosophers/Book_V#Theophrastus",
"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology/Theophrastus"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
99uonw
|
Why do airplanes get shaky when passing through clouds?
|
That might be false but that's just based on most of my observations in the plane...
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e4ql9ek",
"e4qqyaf",
"e4qq1pk"
] |
[
"Think of the atmosphere like it is millions of balloons. There are pockets of balloons that are different temperatures, and the warmer ones rise to the top. Clouds have different temperatures and humidity, so the contrast is more noticeable as the aircraft passes through"
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
bqfols
|
Color-blindness glasses filter out colors, but wouldn't that make the problem worse?
|
For example, glasses for red-green color-blindness filter out yellow, so it's like a blue filter, but wouldn't that only worsen the problem, for red, yellow, and green are not visible at all?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eo42pxs"
] |
[
"Normally, people's eyes have three color receptors, for red, green, and blue light. However, there's some overlap. Orange light, for example, will excite both the red and the green receptors a little bit. For some people, *red* light will excite both the red and green receptors, which is a problem because then it seems really similar to when orange light is received, since both receptors respond similarly. The glasses take out a section of light that's most overlapped. This means that a chunk of the red and a chunk of the green light is simply filtered out, but *some* of the red light (the \"redder\" light) remains, and *some* of the green light (the \"bluer\" green light) remains. As such, when someone wearing the glasses sees a red balloon, they'll only see the reddest light coming from that balloon. So it will appear definitely red. Whereas when they see an orange balloon, it will no longer make the red receptors respond since the reddest light from the orange balloon will have been filtered out, allowing the green receptor to respond a little bit to it, and the red receptor to respond a little bit to it (due to the orange balloon still having *some* red light that gets through on the reddest side of the spectrum) and so the orange balloon can be seen as distinct from the red balloon. Meanwhile, blue balloons look blue, since they never had as much red or green light reflecting from them to begin with."
] |
[
19
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
iouplt
|
Voting system in U.S. (People around me keep telling me my vote doesn't count and it's pointless to vote).
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g4g0ukd",
"g4g1umc",
"g4g1fao",
"g4g0mjo",
"g4g0tra"
] |
[
"For all elections *besides* the presidential election, your individual vote is counted as a single vote for the candidate or issue you're voting on. For the presidential election *only*, there's an added layer - the electoral college. Your individual vote helps the representative in the electoral college for your area cast their vote. Many states are \"winner-take-all\", though, so if a candidate wins 51% of the votes in a state, they generally get all the electoral votes from that state. Your vote does matter no matter what."
] |
[
17
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6oovg0
|
why do these rocks split so perfectly down the middle? Im located in Alaska if it matters.
|
This is just one example there are many of them like it directly nearby. URL_0
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkj08ye",
"dkj4tiz"
] |
[
"That could be shale or slate. Shale is a sedimentary rock formed by success layers of silt deposits, and tends to split along those layers. Slate is a metamorphic rock formed by compressed shale. The metamorphic process causes some of the rock particles to realign along those layers, leaving a strong rock that splits easily in one direction. It is used as roof tiles, and used to be what chalk boards were made of."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
i2vmcy
|
if 4G has better range than 3G, how come if I'm in the middle of nowhere, far from any antenna, my phone switches to 3G? Shouldn't it be a case in which only 4G has enough range to reach me?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g07669b",
"g0769hm",
"g076gva",
"g076alm"
] |
[
"I'm not sure that 4g has better range because the higher the radio frequency the shortest it can travel."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hp7g0f
|
Why are many lawn equipment tools orange?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fxn88m9",
"fxn8bif"
] |
[
"I think orange is the most distinctive color in the nature. That’s the reason. Finding the tools easily"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
i2wso8
|
Why is it a problem that "they" are farming our data?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g07cz67"
] |
[
"For most people it isn't a problem, it all depends on who is using it and why. So assume someone is waiting for a cancer test and has been searching online for cancer a lot just to be prepared, if that person then tries to get medical insurance the data about their searches may be used by the insurance company to increase their insurance or decline it entirely."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
o58srv
|
Why do doctors press on your teeth with the metal hook tools?
|
Sorry for not knowing what they’re called, but they’re like little metal hooks for getting rid of plaque. I told my dentist that two of my teeth were really sensitive when I eat sweets, and he started pressing on them with the hook. He said they were fine. What are they doing when they do that?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h2lf90u",
"h2lhkep",
"h2lflcj",
"h2lmquv",
"h2lujpp"
] |
[
"Checking for cavities and holes in your teeth. Being sensitive like you described is one symptom of a cavity."
] |
[
17
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8ldpyw
|
Scars are side effect of healing, right? In what circumstances can they appear without wound?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dzetb0i"
] |
[
"Stretch marks from weight gain or loss could be considered scars. Weight loss or gain wouldn’t be considered an injury, per se. If that is satisfactory."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8rgg5g
|
How does (Economic) Protectionism work?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e0r7d9t"
] |
[
"As shipping cost decreased because of ships, rail , airplanes, the internet (ships information) it becomes easier to ship move goods around. So let's say you live in a northern climate country, not suited to grow sugar Cain, but people still want sugar so farmers plant beats to turn into sugar. , but beats aren't a great way to make sugar, you need a lot of them so making sugar from beats costs about $1 per pound. So sugar is expensive. Well cargo ships are invented and these ships can sail south to a tropical country, this country is great for growing sugar Cain and can produce sugar much more efficient at about 0.25 a pound. So now the cargo ships buy the sugar at $.25 sail back and sell it for $.60 and everyone is happy for cheaper sugar, you can now buy sugar 40% cheaper and most everyone is a little happier as sugar cost decreased. Baker's are happy , candy makers are happy for cheap sugar. The beat farmers are now very unhappy, they are out of jobs. Now two schools of thought come up. laissez faire free trade. This is good, most all people benefit from lower sugar prices. Yea it sucks for the beat farmers, but they should just now learn to plant wheat, or barley, or raise anamals. Economic nationalism (trade protectionism). this is harmful because it puts people out of work. We need to stop importing sugar, or put a $0.75 tariffs on it so our farmers can complete. Sure everyone will pay a bit more for sugar but now our farmers won't go out of business."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kzjz9x
|
How does petrol engine changes sound depending on RPM?
|
I am wondering is engine sound created for driver to know how fast his going or is it side effect of engine construction.
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gjo9ora"
] |
[
"Engine sound is a product of the engine moving. 1000 explosions per minute sounds different from 2000 or 3000, and bigger or smaller explosions also change the sound. Some quieter newer cars *may* have speakers in them."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
glp5bk
|
Why do women have bigger butts than men?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fqyvy36",
"fqz3ebl"
] |
[
"TLDR: Child bearing hips Women have wider pelvises to help with child birth. Human babies have big heads and having wider hips makes it easier to give birth."
] |
[
22
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
abyig6
|
Why do your hands tingle when you're about to cry?
|
There's a tingle, or fuzzy feeling in my hands that moves up to my elbows and then I cry and it disappears. What is the cause for that?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ed3xkjd"
] |
[
"\"Behaving in an apprehensive manner activates the stress response. The stress response secretes stress hormones into the bloodstream where they travel to targeted spots in the body to bring about specific physiological, psychological, and emotional changes that enhance the body’s ability to deal with a threat - to either fight with or flee from it - which is the reason the stress response is often referred to as the fight or flight response. A part of the stress response changes causes the body to shunt blood to various parts of the body in an attempt to prepare it for emergency action. For example, the body shunts blood away from the skin and extremities so that it can be used in parts more vital to survival, such as the heart, brain, and muscles. This shunting action is accomplished by restricting blood vessels in certain parts of the body and expanding them in another. Because blood is shunted away from the extremities, including the fingers, the fingers can feel numb, cold, and tingly. Being nervous and anxious can cause this feeling in the fingers.\" [Source]( URL_0 )"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"https://www.anxietycentre.com/anxiety/symptoms/numbness-tingling-fingers.shtml"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6a1q63
|
Why are peanut allergies seemingly always so intense.
|
It seems like whenever someone has a peanut allergy, it is always a really intense, potentially life-threatening allergy. To a lesser extent this seems true of nuts in general. I have never met anyone that has had a "mild" peanut allergy. Maybe I just have confirmation bias and don't notice such cases but could someone ELI5 why peanut allergies in comparison to other allergies are far more dangerous?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dhb1otr"
] |
[
"Confirmation bias does seem like a pretty good answer... people with a mild peanut allergy might not even be aware of it, certainly it would never be a topic of conversation. Meanwhile if you carry an epi-pen because some down the hall can kill you by opening a jar of peanut butter... that shit will come up every time."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
iqjn7x
|
How are roads built on deserts? Or for that matter on any surface.
|
I've always wondered how roads were built on desert lands, islands, steeply curved mountain roads, crossing river/lake surfaces, marshy lands? How the paths of the roads get decided before construction, what parameters decide if a tunnel is to be built through the mountain/hill or go around it. How are steep turns of the roads inclined, how are road speed limits set?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g4skdwy",
"g4sp9m3",
"g4sn1gn"
] |
[
"Here's a civil engineer talking precisely about some of these issues, and then some. URL_0"
] |
[
34
] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW8JLYNhJe2uWNa0eIfent3B"
],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0olpSN6\\_TCc",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0olpSN6_TCc"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6s80zh
|
how did medieval peoples make anvils?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dlaqxyt",
"dlar24x"
] |
[
"Medieval European anvils did not look like the anvils we're used to seeing today. The classic anvil most people think of (probably from cartoons) looks like [this]( URL_1 ). The large flat surface is known as the face and is where you strike with the hammer. The pointed part coming out of one end is called the horn and is used for bending and shaping metal. The round hole is called a pritchel hole and is mostly used for punching through metal. The square hole is called a hardie hole and is for special tools to fit through for things like punching and bending. This style of anvil is called the London pattern anvil and dates from around the late 1700s. Medieval smiths used much simpler anvils. Many times the anvils they used were simple metal blocks. They also sometimes made it so the anvil could be lodged in a tree stump or wooden block for extra stability. Here's an [illustration]( URL_0 ) based on Anglo-Saxon England (England before 1066). As you can see, there's nothing fancy about it like holes for punching or a horn for shaping, but it gets the job done for hammering. I don't know all the specifics of medieval ironworking, but a solid block like that wouldn't have been too hard to make. It's also worth noting that these anvils would be smaller than modern anvils, as shown in the illustration, which would have made them easier to make and potentially shape. Medieval smiths also did use horns for shaping, but they were made separately in the same manner as other equipment and not part of the anvil. I'm not sure when smiths started attaching horns to the anvil or how they first did that."
] |
[
53
] |
[
[
"https://books.google.com/books?id=xucNJfS42PwC&lpg=PA450&ots=BFOG6cT1lb&dq=tattershall%20anvil&pg=PA450#v=onepage&q=tattershall%20anvil&f=false",
"http://www.piehtoolco.com/contents/media/14169.jpg"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
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