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https://openalex.org/W2888081367 | Bullets and Benefits in the Israeli Welfare State | [
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"Israel"
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"https://openalex.org/W627053473",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2888081367 | The unresolved territorial conflicts and outbreaks of violence that have characterized the history of Israel make it distinctive among welfare states in affluent democracies. The war which accompanied the founding of the state in 1948 was quickly followed by the creation of a dedicated system of veterans’ benefits. Both the demand and supply of military-related benefits has been repeatedly refuelled by ongoing conflict and war preparation. These benefits have grown in both generosity and coverage, while at the same time having a crowding-out effect on parallel civilian programmes. This chapter documents the resulting dualistic character of social rights in Israel, and explains the institutional, political, and cultural dynamics that have driven the evolution of military-related benefits. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3142571353 | Israel's Immigration Story: Globalization Lessons | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3142571353 | The exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel in the 1990s was a unique event. The extraordinary experience of Israel, which has received migrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) at the rate of 17 percent of its population, within a short time, is also relevant for the current debate about migration and globalization. The immigration wave was distinctive for its large high skilled cohort, and its quick integration into the domestic labor market. Among various ethnic groups the FSU immigrants ranked at the top of intergenerational upward mobility. Immigration also changed the entire economic landscape: it raised productivity, underpinning technological prowess, and had significant impact on income inequality and the level of redistribution in Israel’s welfare state. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2944901710 | Between Intimacy and Alienage: The Legal Constitution of Domestic & Carework in the Welfare State | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944901710 | This article depicts the role played by legal regulation of domestic work in Israel. The article commences with a short description of how care work has developed in Israel. Following this historic exposition, we present three legal that demonstrate the dual role of law (reflective and constitutive), its fractured nature and internal disorder, and, at the same time, its assembly into a systemic expressive and practical order. The stories show how the legal system has drawn on the terms intimacy and alienage to craft a very particular position for care and care-workers in Israel. The first episode, which deals with aspects of employment law, situates the worker in the private sphere on the basis of intimacy. The second episode, which deals with immigration and social rights, situates the worker in the public sphere on the basis of alienage. In both cases these regulative approaches have been crafted to the detriment of workers. Although the terms used in both episodes seem to be conflicting, they come together when viewed as part of the economic order of a broader system, as discussed in the third episode. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3121933841 | Disabling Ideas – Disabling Policies: The Case of Disability Employment Policy in the Newly Established Israeli State | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121933841 | By integrating a social perspective of disability with an ideational approach to social policy, the present study seeks to illuminate the central role of ideas in shaping disability policy. Using employment policy towards civilian disabled people in the newly established Israeli State (1948–65) as a case study, this examination highlights the key role played by the Israeli welfare system in excluding disabled people and structuring the disability category. This case illustrates how the paradigmatic perception of disability, loaded with patronizing attitudes towards the new Mizrachi immigrants, operated both as ‘cognitive locks’ and as a means for gradual yet transformative change. It is argued that this kind of ideational change is best identified and interpreted by assuming that paradigms are relational in nature. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3121951173 | Israel’s Immigration Story: Winners and Losers | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121951173 | The exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel in the 1990s was a unique event. The immigration wave was distinctive for its large high skilled cohort, its quick integration into the domestic labor market, and its unprecedented election participation rate. The wave of immigration changed the entire economic landscape: It raised productivity, underpinned by the information technology surge, and had a significant impact on income inequality. The extraordinary experience of Israel, which absorbed three-quarters of a million immigrants from the Former Soviet Union within a short time, is also relevant for the current debate about winners and losers from immigration. This paper provides evidence and a rigorous political-economy explanation for a potential link between the immigration wave and the markedly changed level of redistribution in Israel’s welfare state. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4315640847 | Haredi labor market integration policy in a neoliberal environment | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4315640847 | Over the past several decades, welfare states across the developed Western world, including Israel, have adopted differential employment policies for disadvantaged marginal populations that perform poorly in the labor market and are underrepresented in it. The intensive and rapid shift from Keynesian welfare policy to a more economical and efficient neoliberal approach sparked great turbulence in Israel's labor market, leaving broad swaths of the country's marginal populations outside of the capitalistic post-scarcity economy. In this article, we examine third-sector initiatives and governmental employment policies aimed at integrating and advancing Haredim (ultra-Orthodox Jews) in the Israeli labor market. We also explore the tension between welfare, with its associated benefits and governmental assistance mechanisms, and the neoliberal approach, with its reliance on economic efficiency tests.The article looks at how the Haredi sector's labor market integration process has evolved. We aim to understand parallel developments between the processes outlined by the state and the Haredi community's socioeconomic needs under a neoliberal regime that prizes competition, achievement, and materialism – a regime in which social institutions are being reshaped, adjusted, and disciplined in accordance with market-oriented principles. We will examine the forces working behind the scenes to integrate Haredim in the economy and in society as a whole – the top-down policy forces striving to increase Israeli economic output, and the bottom-up internal-civic forces that want to create normative and economically feasible alternatives to the Haredi “society of learners” that developed under welfare-state auspices.The article seeks to answer three main questions in light of the aforementioned processes: How did the shift from a Keynesian welfare state to state workfare contribute to Haredi integration in the Israeli employment market? Who were the key political-social-economic actors and forces that shaped the process of Haredi labor market integration? And finally: how has neoliberal employment policy affected the Haredi community on the gender, spatial (center-periphery), class, and community planes, i.e., has this policy approach helped strengthen the Haredi middle class, and if so, how? | [
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https://openalex.org/W3125309333 | Israel’S Immigration Story: Winners And Losers | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125309333 | The exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel in the 1990s was a unique event. The immigration wave was distinctive for its large high skilled cohort, its quick integration into the domestic labor market, and its unprecedented election participation rate. The wave of immigration changed the entire economic landscape: It raised productivity, underpinned by the information technology surge, and had a significant impact on income inequality. The extraordinary experience of Israel, which absorbed three-quarters of a million immigrants from the Former Soviet Union within a short time, is also relevant for the current debate about winners and losers from immigration. This paper provides evidence and a rigorous political-economy explanation for a potential link between the immigration wave and the markedly changed level of redistribution in Israel’s welfare state. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2013864664 | Two stabilization plans for a developed economy: West Germany and Israel | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013864664 | Investigates, in Part 1, the effects of West German stagnation in the 1980s following on from the welfare state doctrine of the 1960s and 1970s, which led to an economic and social crisis becoming inevitable. Shows this is not purely a German problem but one that also affects almost all other capitalist countries – either developed or developing. Expresses irony that the former communist bloc countries should also be engulfed in such crises. Proffers explanations and recommendations to offset the problems in Germany. Part II looks at Israel and how it has begun to emerge from its 1974 austerity programme by Rabin. States that Israel must initiate a new system of stable equilibrium to open a new era that is very possible, but involves economic and social thinking to avoid previous mistakes. | [
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https://openalex.org/W248984328 | Sponsored Privatization of Schooling in a Welfare State. | [
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"https://openalex.org/W2241592972"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W248984328 | This paper examines the emergence of privatization in Israel's educational system. The first part provides an overview of the provision of educational services in a welfare state. The second part describes educational privatization in a welfare state, and the third part presents examples of two forms of privatization that have emerged in the Israeli educational system--the Culture, Youth, and Sports Community Centers and the Grey Education movement. The final part argues that privatization may disguise the central government's increased involvement in the management of some educational services that are demanded by powerful pressure groups. Privatization of educational services in a welfare state such as Israel expands the role of central government in educational affairs. The growing use of privatized educational services by affluent parents now provides the central government with an excuse to generate additional taxation and increase its intervention in educational management. Quasi-privatization, which does not replace the public sector with the private sector, leads to creation of a new sector--the mixed-economy sector in which private and public agencies collaborate and compete. Israel is currently experiencing the emergence of this third sector. Two tables are included. (LMI) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Michael Chen Tel A viv University SPONSORED PRrVATIZATION OF SCHOOLING IN A WELFARE STATE Paper presented at the Symposium: Private Services in Public Schools: Enhancing Opportunities or Serving Self-Interests? The 1993 UCEA Convention, Houston, Texas | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W4311706592 | Age, ageing, and the philosophy of ‘elder law’: An interview with Israel (Issi) Doron | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4311706592 | Abstract Gerontology—the multidisciplinary study of the process of ageing and its medical and social consequences for older adults—has often not been given its due by either legal practitioners or legal academics. While we have witnessed several social movements advocating for the rights and interests of other marginalised groups, discrimination against older adults has also not been the subject of any mass action comparable to those movements. Consequently, the position of older adults within legal systems has frequently been bypassed, especially outside the United States of America. However, the COVID-19 pandemic suddenly brought the precarious position of older adults into the spotlight, be it in care homes during lockdowns or in hospitals through several waves or with regard to priority access to vaccines. At each juncture, governments took recourse to legal regulation to mitigate the impact of the disease on what they understood to be the most vulnerable sections of the population. But some of these rules were subjected to criticism, especially from older adults themselves, because of their overbreadth, and on account of the protectionism and infantilisation of older adults that they entailed. In this interview, Professor Israel (Issi) Doron, Dean of the Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences of the University of Haifa, Israel, discusses how academia, strategic litigation, and advocacy and activism have finally begun taking the field of ‘jurisprudential gerontology’ into serious consideration. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2598295664 | Global Skill-Based Immigration Policies and Israel's Brain Drain | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2598295664 | US attracts more high skill immigrants than Europe. One key factors is US research centers. US universities and research centers, funded directly and indirectly by the US federal and state governments, attract talented researchers from all over the world. Many of them remained in the US after completing their original term of education, training or research. Many became citizens. In the confines of the generous welfare state, low skill immigrants impose fiscal burden on the native born. In contrast, high-skill immigrants help in relieving the burden. This is the economic rationale behind skill-based immigration policies. The other side of the skill bias in immigration policy is that the international migration of skilled workers (the so-called brain drain) deprives the origin country from its scarce resource - human capital. Israel supply of high skill workers is unique. Today, Israel ranks third in the world in the number of university graduates per capita, after the United States and the Netherlands. It possesses the highest per capita number of scientists in the world, The paper links Israel's brain drain to skill-based immigration policies, prevailing in the advanced economies. The paper links Israel's brain drain to skill-based immigration policies, prevailing in the advanced economies. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3122965512 | Global Skill-Based Immigration Policies and Israel's Brain Drain | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122965512 | US attracts more high skill immigrants than Europe. One key factors is US research centers. US universities and research centers, funded directly and indirectly by the US federal and state governments, attract talented researchers from all over the world. Many of them remained in the US after completing their original term of education, training or research. Many became citizens. In the confines of the generous welfare state, low skill immigrants impose fiscal burden on the native born. In contrast, high-skill immigrants help in relieving the burden. This is the economic rationale behind skill-based immigration policies. The other side of the skill bias in immigration policy is that the international migration of skilled workers (the so-called brain drain) deprives the origin country from its scarce resource - human capital. Israel supply of high skill workers is unique.
Today, Israel ranks third in the world in the number of university graduates per capita, after the United States and the Netherlands. It possesses the highest per capita number of scientists in the world, The paper links Israel's brain drain to skill-based immigration policies, prevailing in the advanced economies.
The paper links Israel's brain drain to skill-based immigration policies, prevailing in the advanced economies. | [
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https://openalex.org/W334224191 | Citizenship Solidarity and Rights Individualism: On the Decline of National Citizenship in the U.S., Germany, and Israel | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W334224191 | Author(s): Abraham, David | Abstract: This is paper analyzes changes in the nature of citizenship in the United States, Germany, and Israel over the past three decades. Abraham argues that the gap between citizen and resident alien has been shrinking. Overall, there has been a decline in the content of citizenship and easier access to it. Despite some recent hostility toward aliens in many countries, the tendency over the longer term has been to grant aliens greater rights. In part, this is because courts have come to focus on equal protection rights for individuals. However, the development also points to a reduction in solidarity within these societies because of neo-liberalism and the weakening of citizenship as a political and socio-economic category. The decline of the Keynesian welfare state, the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the rise of international human rights discourses have also played a role. The result in Germany and the United States has been increased recognition of immigrant rights and non-discrimination toward immigrant residents, but at the expense of redistribution. The presentation also examines whether neo-liberal developments in Israeli law and society might have a similar impact. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1890291709 | Who Needs Solidarity? Ethnic Diversity and the Israeli Welfare State | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1890291709 | A heated debate focused on the impact of multiculturalism and ethnic heterogeneity on welfare state generosity has emerged in recent years. At the center of the debate is the argument that ethnic heterogeneity undermines support for the welfare state for several reasons. Prominent among these is the difficulty of creating broad social solidarity in an ethnically divided society: solidarity which is allegedly necessary for sustaining public support for the welfare state. This study explores the “heterogeneity undermines the welfare state” logic in the context of welfare state politics in Israel. Israel would appear to be a near-perfect example of how ethnic and religious heterogeneity strains social solidarity and, in turn, undermines the welfare state. Quite differently from most studies, however, this work’s emphasis is not on public attitudes or voting, but on the political interaction between economically disadvantaged ethnic minorities – specifically Arabs on the one hand and orthodox and ultra-orthodox Jews on the other – in the welfare field. It is argued that shared interests enable extensive cooperation among political elites in the welfare field despite religiously-and nationally-based antagonism. Elite politics combined with low public visibility facilitate such cooperation, which appears at first unthinkable. Nevertheless, interest-based welfare coalitions of this type are shallow in the sense that they tend to be ad-hoc, focus on a narrow range of issues and are particularly vulnerable to government divide and rule tactics. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4386777844 | Adjudication Instead of Strike Action: The Histadrut, the Post-Socialist Liberal Welfare State, and the Passing of the Israel Labor Court Law | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386777844 | ABSTRACT: The subject of this article is the public struggle over the establishment of the labor court system in Israel and the complex attitudes of the Histadrut, particularly in the 1960s. The conflict, I argue, was resolved in accordance with state policy and economic interests. At the time, the government's view of labor courts as a key mechanism in the settlement of prevalent collective disputes was shared by the political right and employers. This is consistent with another argument that the labor courts represented the government's policy of promoting a social-democratic welfare state model, affected by social-liberal thinking, or "post-socialist liberalism," as it was termed by Yehuda Sha'ari, one of the main promoters of the Labor Court Law. The resulting preference for adjudication over strike action engendered a powerful labor and social security mechanism. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S76733833",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3023839908 | Migration-Induced Redistribution with and without migrant voting | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3023839908 | We are motivated by the unique migration experience of Israel of a supply-side shock triggering skilled immigration and the concurrent decline in welfare-state redistribution. This paper develops a model, which can provide an explanation for the mechanism through which a supply-side shock triggering high-skill migration can also reshape the political-economy balance and the redistributive policies. The paper highlights the differences in the political-economy induced redistribution policies between the cases in which migrants participate in the electoral system and the case where they do not. When migrants are allowed to vote, and they take advantage of this right, then, following the shock, all income groups gain, except low skilled income groups who lose. When migrants are not allowed to vote, or choose not to participate in elections, all income groups gain, except the skilled migrants who lose. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W3123086428 | ‘Rebuilding a Shattered Life and a Broken Body’: Social Work and Disability Discourses in Israel’s First Decades | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123086428 | Building on the renewed interest in social work historiography, this article examines how disability was perceived and constructed by the social work profession in the first decades of the State of Israel. A discourse analysis of articles published in the country’s main social work journal (Welfare, 1957–77) underscores the importance of individualised discourses focused on the disabled person, her body, tragedy and, most importantly, her personality. This emphasis leads to an examination of the personality characteristics of disabled persons as seen or attributed by practitioners. The analysis then examines the social discourses arising from these articles and that which is sorely missing in them — the voice of the disabled. Finally, the study discusses some of the factors behind these professional discourses and conceptualises them within the theoretical framework of othering. Specifically, it concludes that these discourses turned welfare into a cultural location of disability, where disabled people were constructed and (re)shaped as the Other. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2255029435 | The Boundaries and Bonds of Citizenship: Recognition and Redistribution in the United States, Germany and Israel | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2255029435 | This essay analyzes changes in the U.S., Germany, and Israel over the past three decades in the content of, access to, and significance of citizenship. It also attempts a normative argument for a conception of citizenship that is plausible and just, historically and culturally embedded, and redistribution-centered. The essay examines the import of the shift from sovereignty to governance and related neo-liberal developments on the solidarities, good and bad, created in and by three very different nation-states: the U.S., Germany, and Israel. Overall, there has been a decline in the content of citizenship and an easing of access to it. Both the horizontal and the vertical dimensions of citizenship have been weakened. In all three countries, it has become easier to become a member of the community: the horizontal, inside/outside border of citizenship has become easier to cross. More or less at the same time, the vertical bonds of social solidarity have become weaker as the programs of social democracy and social citizenship have been attenuated. In part, these developments are a response to a nearly unprecedentedly high level of migration throughout the world. In part, they have come to pass because rights struggles domestically have focused on individual equal protection rights - anti-discrimination - and multiculturalism. In part, however, these developments point to the neo-liberal reduction in solidarity within these societies and the decline in the power of citizenship as a political and socioeconomic category. The decline of the Keynesian welfare state and the Soviet Union and the rise of international human rights discourses have also played their parts. The result has been a gain in recognition and non-discrimination but at the expense of redistribution. In many ways, there is greater receptivity toward migrants in all three of these societies, but less and less readiness to extend the bonds of full-fledged membership, above all redistribution. Instead of solidarity, live and let live is the cultural and legal leitmotif of the day. Along with documenting the forces to which all three societies have been subjected, the essay assesses whether the resulting changes contribute to a greater measure of social justice and individual freedom. The answer remains a highly contingent and uncertain matter. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4324317493 | Jewish <i>Germaniya</i> | [] | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4324317493 | A much smaller group of post-Cold War immigrants from the USSR has, by contrast with the Aussiedler, received a lot of public attention: Jewish “quota refugees.” This is mainly because of history: how could Germany of all places (after the Holocaust!) become a popular destination for Jewish emigration? Using autobiographical accounts (Dmitrij Belkin, Dmitrij Kapitelman) and fiction (Olga Grjasnowa et al.), the chapter reconstructs the history and – largely secular – identities of Jews in the Soviet Union, the push factors (economic hardship, antisemitism) and pull factors (Europe, no military service requirement as in Israel, a strong welfare state) for emigration to Germany, the relationship with the existing Jewish community (composed of the descendants of Polish DPs and down to 30,000 people in 1990), and the often difficult locus in mainstream German society. It explores a Soviet Jewish memory of the Second World War that emphasizes victory and heroism, not victimhood, but also shows how widespread poverty is among retirees – in contradistinction to Gentile German antisemitic stereotypes of Jewish wealth. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4386016640 | Double jeopardy: Gendered social policy for two risky life periods in six welfare state contexts | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386016640 | This study adopts a cultural gendered perspective to examine policy in two financially risky periods in women's life course: when raising young children and in post-employment in old age, when income is mainly from pensions. Specifically, we look at the intersection of social policy and cultural schemas of motherhood in relation to two policy axes: family policy and old age policy. The analysis is based on a cross-national comparison of social policies in six countries with significantly different welfare state and cultural traditions: Germany, France, Israel, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. Data are gleaned from document analysis of care and pension policies and the database of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The policy analysis revealed nuanced differences between countries that are captured through a typology composed of the level of generosity in family policy and the level of generosity in old age policy. The analysis addresses a research lacuna regarding the intersection between gendered cultural schemas and the generosity of socialpolicies and its plausible relation to the genderedness of old-age vulnerability. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2467413824 | Gary P.Freeman and NikolaMirilovic (eds.) Handbook on Migration and Social PolicyCheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2016. x + 481 p. $270. | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2467413824 | Handbooks, a popular genre among publishers, at their best assemble compact appraisals and literature reviews of specific topics to provide a conspectus on the state of a field. The Handbook on Migration and Social Policy is a generally solid example of the genre. The migration of interest is for the most part immigration to affluent Western countries; the social policies cover not only ones concerned directly with migrant integration, but also an array of welfare-state policies that may be influenced by immigrant claims, real or imagined. A few chapters abandon the format of review essays and devolve into regular research papers. And there are a couple of outliers: one treating emigration from India, another migrant integration in Israel. The editors are at the University of Texas, Austin and the University of Central Florida. The contributors, mostly political scientists, with a scattering of economists, sociologists, and historians, are largely drawn from American and European universities. Valuable though it is, the handbook is priced at a level that would strain most library budgets and deter nearly all potential individual purchasers. Chapter bibliographies, index. | [
{
"display_name": "Population and Development Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S32314625",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4244822473 | Book Reviews | [] | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
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{
"display_name": "Art history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] | [
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4244822473 | Book review in this Article Development Planning: Lessons of Experience A. H. HANSON Great Britain: Quiet Revolution in Planning Everett E. Hagen and Stephanie F. T. White Israel: High‐Pressure Planning MARTIN RUDD The British and their Successors GEORGE CARTLAND Parliament as an Export A. S. LIVINGSTONE Social Administration and the Citizen KATHLEEN BELL The Politics of Financial Control: The Role of the House of Commons S. A. WALKLAND The Development of Educational Administration in England and Wales G. TAYLOR The Evolution of National Insurance in Great Britain: The Origins of the Welfare State D. C. MARSH Housing Needs and Policy in Great Britain and Czechoslovakia B. BENJAMIN Psychological Tests DAVID BRASIER‐CREAGH | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S201221823",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2507240792 | Infusing Public Law into Privatized Welfare: Lawyers, Economists and the Competing Logics of Administrative Reform | [
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"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem",
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
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{
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"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"Israel"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W364574124",
"https://openalex.org/W622679321",
"https://openalex.org/W1480981253",
"https://openalex.org/W1534845844",
"https://openalex.org/W1553361708",
"https://openalex.org/W1562355090",
"https://openalex.org/W1984811119",
"https://openalex.org/W2010422329",
"https://openalex.org/W2052427442",
"https://openalex.org/W3122679040"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2507240792 | Along with the trend towards “New Public Management” (NPM) and replacing the legal culture of public bureaucracies with market logic through privatization, we are also witnessing instances of “publicization”, the application of public law norms and mechanisms to privatized services. The article explores the role of government lawyers and economists in the dynamics of these administrative reforms. Using a detailed case study of welfare-to-work reform in Israel, it shows that the reconstruction of decision making and accountability patterns under NPM was the result of competing efforts by these professional groups to appropriate the “privatized state” to accord with their own institutional logics and interests. While economists advanced a “market” logic, lawyers tried to reproduce the logic of “law” in the post-bureaucratic setting. The study demonstrates how eventually public law norms were re-infused into privatized welfare as a result of the increasing institutional power of the lawyers in the regulatory space, along with wider political and social support for the entrenched legalistic mechanisms of the administrative state. However, in addition to the “battle of norms” between lawyers and economists, there were also concessions that led to the redrawing of the boundaries of public law along more functional, rather than formal, lines. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W3087288520 | Economic Uncertainty and Family Dynamics in Europe: Introduction | [
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"display_name": "Gunnar Andersson",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C518429986"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Unemployment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366"
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{
"display_name": "Volatility (finance)",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
"display_name": "Demography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435"
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{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] | [
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3087288520 | Background: Economic uncertainty has become an increasingly important factor in explanations of declining fertility and postponed family formation across Europe. Yet the micro-level evidence on this topic is still limited. Objective: This special collection of Demographic Research focuses on the issue of how economic and employment uncertainties relate to fertility and family dynamics in Europe. Methods: The collection is comprised of studies that explore how various dimensions of employment uncertainty, such as temporary working contracts and individual and aggregate unemployment, are related to the fertility and family formation of women and men across Europe. The studies cover Germany, the UK, France, Russia, Estonia, Sweden, Italy, Spain, and Israel. Results: The various micro-level studies that are assembled in this special collection do not provide a simple answer to the question of whether and how economic uncertainty suppresses (or stimulates) fertility. However, some systematic variation by welfare state regime is discernable. Conclusions: Given the recent economic volatility in Europe, we expect that labor market uncertainties will remain an important component of explanations of fertility developments in the 21st century. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2590577886 | Family Responsibility Norms in European Countries: Contrasts and Similarities | [
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{
"affiliations": [],
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2590577886 | What is the nature of obligations between adult children and older
parents in contemporary Europe? What is seen as the proper balance of
responsibilities between the family and the welfare state, and from whom
would people themselves prefer long-term care if they should come to
need it? These questions are explored in a survey among representative
urban samples of persons aged 25+ in five countries: England, Germany,
Spain, Israel and Norway. Filial obligation norms seem prevalent in all five countries, but to varying
degrees. Country differences are even greater in the more concrete
opinions about how such norms should be enacted, and then in a
direction that is congruent with national policies and opportunities. Filial
obligations need not imply that the family is seen as the natural care
provider, in fact preferences for services are in general higher than the
actual service rates are, implying an unmet wish for more governmental
responsibility. The variation in norms and opinions seem otherwise to
follow somewhat different logics, implying that findings from one country
can hardly be generalised to countries with other family traditions and
welfare state regimes. | [
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"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W820252055 | Contracting-out Welfare Services: Comparing National Policy Designs for Unemployment Assistance | [
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"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mark Considine",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Siobhán O’Sullivan",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073"
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{
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{
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] | [
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W820252055 | List of Contributors vii Introduction: Contracting ]out Welfare Services: Comparing National Policy Designs for Unemployment Assistance 1 Mark Considine and Siobhan O Sullivan 1 Local Worlds of Marketization Employment Policies in Germany, Italy and the UK Compared 11 Katharina Zimmermann, Patrizia Aurich, Paolo R. Graziano and Vanesa Fuertes 2 Varieties of Market Competition in Public Employment Services A Comparison of the Emergence and Evolution of the New System in Australia, the Netherlands and Belgium 33 Ludo Struyven 3 Governance, Boards of Directors and the Impact of Contracting on Not-for-profits Organizations An Australian Study 55 Mark Considine, Siobhan O Sullivan and Phuc Nguyen 4 Quasi-markets and the Delivery of Activation A Frontline Perspective 75 Rik van Berkel 5 Conditionality and the Financing of Employment Services Implications for the Social Divisions of Work and Welfare 91 Isabel Shutes and Rebecca Taylor 6 Support for All in the UK Work Programme? Differential Payments, Same Old Problem 109 James Rees, Adam Whitworth and Elle Carter 7 Broken Hierarchies, Quasi-markets and Supported Networks A Governance Experiment in the Second Tier of Germany s Public Employment Service 129 Matthias Knuth 8 The Public Accountability of Privatized Activation The Case of Israel 151 Avishai Benish Index 167 | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2484649099 | The Welfare State under Threat | [
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"display_name": "Rodney Lowe",
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"Israel"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2065478814",
"https://openalex.org/W2499666759"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2484649099 | Despite its historic achievements, the welfare state in Britain — as elsewhere — was widely perceived to be in crisis in the mid-1970s. The immediate causes were economic. The quadrupling of oil prices after the Arab-Israeli war of October 1973 so accelerated the underlying annual rate of inflation that it reached the unprecedented level of 27 per cent in 1975. Simultaneously, there was a slowing down in the rate of economic growth and an actual fall in GDP in both 1973 and 1975 which pushed the number of people out of work, for the first time since the war, to over one million and to a peak in 1976 of 1.5 million This denied government the rising revenue it required to meet increasing demands for welfare, not least from the unemployed themselves; and in the ensuing ‘fiscal crisis’, it was forced to borrow heavily. This in turn undermined foreign confidence in sterling so that the value of the pound fell below $2 for the first time ever, and then plunged rapidly to $1.55. The Heath (1970–4) and Wilson (1974–6) governments responded to these disasters by implementing a series of public expenditure cuts; by imposing, after November 1975, cash limits on all expenditure programmes to make the cuts effective; and finally, in the battle against inflation, by abandoning reflationary demand management and thus the postwar commitment to ‘full’ employment. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1574947213 | The political exclusion of poor people in Britain and Israel : the poverty of democracy | [
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This thesis shows their engagement with politics was often different than others. It observes the dynamics in a three-force triangle consisting of poor people, democracy and the welfare state. Even though historically this Triangle fuelled the movement towards progressive redistribution, the findings suggest it is no longer the pivotal engine to mitigate market inequalities. The principal beneficiaries of welfare appear to be incapable of mobilising democracy to expand it.
The research indicates that poor people were alarmingly uncommitted to democracy and/or the welfare state. Although these institutions underpinned their social and political rights, many barely recognised how they serve their interests. In addition, the poor could not identify themselves as a collective, were more vulnerable to fallacies, emotions and traditions, and tended to prioritise other policy domains.
This thesis challenges the operational definitions of political exclusion and illuminates the need to scrutinise and theorise the political behaviour of the underprivileged electorate. Policy-wise, a new strategy is required to revive relationships between poor people, democracies and welfare states. We should be looking at active and inclusive institutional mechanisms rather than technical solutions of postal or compulsory voting. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W4235266184 | The Welfare State under Threat | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4235266184 | Despite its historic achievements, the welfare state in Britain — as elsewhere — was widely perceived to be in crisis in the mid 1970s. The immediate causes were economic. The quadrupling of oil prices after the Arab-Israeli war of October 1973 so accelerated the underlying annual rate of inflation that it reached the unprecedented level of 27 per cent in 1975. Simultaneously, a slowing down in the rate of economic growth and an actual fall in GDP in both 1974 and 1975 pushed the number of people out of work, for the first time since the war, to above one million and to a peak in 1976 of 1.5 million. This denied the government the rising revenue it required to meet increasing demands for welfare — not least from the unemployed themselves — and, in the ensuing ‘fiscal crisis’, forced it to borrow more heavily. This in turn undermined foreign confidence in sterling so that the value of the pound fell, for the first time ever, below $2 and then plunged rapidly to $1.55. The response of successive governments to these disasters was to implement a series of public expenditure cuts; to impose, after November 1975, cash limits on all expenditure programmes in order to ensure the effectiveness of the cuts; and finally, in the battle against inflation, to abandon reflationary demand management and thus the postwar commitment to ‘full’ employment. The ‘party’, as Anthony Crosland warned local government in 1975, was truly over.1 | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W4252887586 | Book Reviews | [] | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4252887586 | Book reviewed in this article: Baldassare, M. editor, 1983: Cities and urban living. Castells, M. 1983: The city and the grassroots. Crenson, M. 1983: Neighborhood politics. Efrat, E. 1984: Urbanization in Israel. Fainstein, N. and Fainstein, S. editors, 1982: Urban policy under capitalism. Fraser, D. and Sutcliffe, A. editors, 1983: The pursuit of urban history. Harrison, M.L. editor, 1984: Corporatism and the welfare state. Hartman, C. editor, 1983: America's housing crisis: what is to be done? Husbands, C.T. 1983: Racial exclusionism and the city: the urban support of the National Front. Long, M. 1982: Moral regime and model institutions: precursors of town planning in early Victorian England. Melling, J. 1983: Rent strikes: peoples' struggle for housing in west Scotland, 1890–1916. Damer, S. 1982: Rent strike! The Clydebank rent strike of the 1920s. Mollenkopf, J. 1983: The contested city. Offe, C. (edited by Keane, J. ) 1984: Contradictions of the welfare state. Sandercock, L. and Berry, M. 1983: Urban political economy. Schill, M.H. and Nathan, R.P. 1983: Revitalizing America's cities: neighborhood reinvestment and displacement. Sharpe, W. and Wallock, L. editors, 1983: Visions of the modern city: essays in history, art and literature. Wynn, M. editor, 1983: Housing in Europe. | [
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https://openalex.org/W628619196 | Changing patterns in the distribution of economic welfare : an economic perspective | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W628619196 | 1. What's behind the increase in inequality? An introduction Peter Gottschalk, Bjorn Gustafsson and Edward Palmer 2. Policy changes and growing earnings inequality in seven industrialised countries Peter Gottschalk 3. A survey of income inequality over the last twenty years - how does the UK compare? Karen Gardiner 4. Economic adjustment and distributional change: income inequality and poverty in Australia in the 1980s Peter Saunders 5. Unemployment, unemployment insurance and the distribution of income in Canada in the 1980s Lars Osberg, Sadettin Erksoy and Shelley Phipps 6. Distribution of economic well-being in Japan: towards a more unequal society Toshiaki Tachibanaki and Tadashi Yagi 7. Income inequality and poverty under transition from rapid inflation to stabilisation: Israel 1979-90 Lea Achdut 8. Changes in inequality in Greece in the 1970s and the 1980s Panos Tsakloglou 9. The development of income distribution in the Federal Republic of Germany during the 1970s and 1980s Richard Hauser and Irene Becker 10. Income inequality and poverty in Ireland in the 1970s and 1980s Tim Callan and Brian Nolan 11. Income distribution in France: the mid-1980s turning point Pierre Concialdi 12. The distribution of economic well-being in the Netherlands, its evolution in the 1980s and the role of demographic change Ruud Muffels and Jan Nelissen 13. Changes in Swedish inequality: a study of equivalent income 1975-91 Bjorn Gustafsson and Edward E. Palmer 14. Income inequality and poverty in Finland in the 1980s Markus Jantti and Veli Matti Ritakallio 15. Disparities in the economic well-being of Hungarian society from the late 1970s to the 1980s Odon Elteto 16. The emergence of the Labour market and earnings distribution: the case of the Czech Republic Jiri Vecernik. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1597350060 | Disability and the Persistence of Poverty: Reconstructing Disability Allowances | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1597350060 | Disability policy has always been deeply immersed in questions relating to the relationships between disability and poverty. Ever since the Poor Laws of eighteenth century England there has been a constant effort to separate disability from poverty. This effort has been enhanced with the rise of the modern welfare state during the nineteenth century and has culminated in the 20 years that have passed since the enactment of the ADA. It is time, I argue, to reexamine the nexus between disability and poverty and attend to their co-constitutive relationships. I suggest a reconstructive reading of disability allowances as a locus of the transition from an understanding of disability and poverty as two overlapping categories to an emphasis on the constitutive relationships between them; a transition from a heavily civil rights based discourse to a social welfare oriented discussion that internalizes the actual needs of disabled people who live in poverty. These issues have generally gone unnoticed in the literature, rendering the understanding of the politics that surround disability allowances incomplete. Focusing on the construction and negation of disability allowances, the paper identifies and traces the roots of a fundamental tension that underlies disability politics with regard to disability allowances: Are cash benefits an archaic and outdated form of assistance to disabled people, or are they still a relevant mode of response to their systematic marginalization and exclusion? Based on a field study of the Israeli disability community the paper shows that while disability rights advocates tend to reject disability allowances as fundamentally wrong and to support the transformation of society's social structures, welfare activists tend to view disability allowances as a response to a pressing necessity, an expression of social responsibility, and a means to provide economic security for disabled people. The paper employs a disability legal studies framework to analyze the study’s findings, attending primarily to questions of power and difference, and offering a framework that considers both perspectives as two authentic voices that express genuine concerns. At the same time, the analysis maintains that both approaches lack a more complex understanding of the relationships between disability and poverty, within which the meanings of disability allowances are negotiated. It concludes with a call to re-conceptualize disability allowances, as a form of compensation that redresses disabled people – individually and collectively – for society's past and present continuing practices of exclusion and discrimination. The struggles of disabled people over rights and allowances become a fascinating site from which to draw the critical lessons that disability activism has to offer to social theory. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3123063970 | Disability and the Persistence of Poverty: Reconstructing Disability Allowances | [
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"display_name": "Poverty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189326681"
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"display_name": "Disability studies",
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"display_name": "Politics",
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"display_name": "Welfare state",
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"display_name": "Gender studies",
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] | [
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123063970 | Disability policy has always been deeply immersed in questions relating to the relationships between disability and poverty. These efforts began as early as the Poor Laws of eighteenth century England. They were further enhanced by the rise of the modern welfare state, and culminated twenty years ago with the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act that symbolizes the turn from welfare to rights. In this Article, I argue that it is time to reexamine the nexus between disability and poverty and attend to their co-constitutive relationships. I suggest a reconstructive reading of disability allowances as a locus of the transition from an understanding of disability and poverty as two overlapping categories to an emphasis on the constitutive relationships between them—a transition from a heavily civil rights-based discourse to a social welfare-oriented discussion that internalizes the actual needs of disabled people who live in poverty. These issues have generally gone unnoticed in the literature, rendering the understanding of the politics that surround disability allowances incomplete. Focusing on the construction and negation of disability allowances, this Article identifies and traces the roots of a fundamental tension that underlies disability politics with regard to disability allowances: are cash benefits an archaic and outdated form of assistance to disabled people, or are they still a relevant mode of response to their systematic marginalization and exclusion? Based on a field study of the Israeli disability community, the Article shows that while disability rights advocates tend to reject disability allowances as fundamentally wrong and to support the transformation of society's social structures, welfare activists tend to view disability allowances as a response to a pressing necessity, an expression of social responsibility, and a means to provide economic security for disabled people. The Article employs a disability legal studies framework to analyze the study’s findings, attending primarily to questions of power and difference, and offering a framework that considers both perspectives as two authentic voices that express genuine concerns. At the same time, the analysis maintains Assistant Professor, University of Haifa Faculty of Law. LL.B., Tel Aviv University, LL.M. and J.S.D., New York University School of Law. This work was supported in part by the Ed Roberts Postdoctoral Fellowship in Disability Studies, at the Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California at Berkeley, funded by NIDRR #H133P020009. I am grateful to the following people for their insightful and helpful comments: Jerome Bruner; Oscar Chase; Christine Harrington; Carrie MenkelMeadow; Orna Rabinovich-Einy; Sue Schweik; Mark C. Weber; and Victor Weinberger; as well as to the participants at the University of California at Berkeley Disability Studies Seminar; the Law and Society Association Annual Meeting; the Society for Disability Studies Annual Conference; and the Haifa Forum of Law and Society. All translations from Hebrew are mine, except laws' titles. Email: [email protected]. | [
{
"display_name": "Northwestern journal of law and social policy",
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|
https://openalex.org/W1607377297 | Raising Citizens in the Century of the Child: The United States and German Central Europe in Comparative Perspective (review) | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1607377297 | Reviewed by: Raising Citizens in the Century of the Child: The United States and German Central Europe in Comparative Perspective Lisa Pine Raising Citizens in the Century of the Child: The United States and German Central Europe in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Dirk Schumann. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2010. Pp. vii + 256. Cloth $75.00. ISBN 978-1845456962. This is an interesting and ambitious book that seeks to present a comparative perspective on raising children in Germany and in the United States in the twentieth century. In the introductory chapter, Dick Schumann usefully contextualizes the subject by examining the concept of citizenship and by providing an overview of the historical developments in welfare and education in Germany and the United States in the twentieth century. However, a more explicit statement of the aims of the book would have been useful at the start: in particular, a discussion of why these two cases were selected for comparison. School education was concerned not only with the dissemination of knowledge, but also with the means of inculcating citizenship values in pupils that would prepare them for their future as members of their respective nations. In the twentieth century—declared by the Swedish feminist writer and reformer Ellen Key to be “the century of the child”—bringing up children signified, according to Schumann, “raising citizens in a much more systematic and comprehensive way than before” (2). Reform movements effected policies on child-rearing, welfare, and education, as well as citizenship rights, which were expanded during the course of the twentieth century. Sonja Michel and Eszter Varsa establish the historical context for the book by discussing the connections between children’s education and the national interest in America and Europe in the nineteenth century. While the scope of their essay is perhaps too ambitious, they show how state involvement in the formerly private sphere of the family had become commonplace by the beginning of the twentieth century. Katherine Bullard’s excellent essay analyzes the work of the US Children’s Bureau, which was established in 1912. Bullard shows how the concept of social citizenship in the U.S.A. was founded upon a clear distinction between whites and nonwhites, and concludes that “instituting care for children was based on the model, white, future citizen” (64). Andrew Donson’s essay treats the subject of pedagogy in Germany before and during World War I. Donson looks at “free composition” work and argues that nationalism and militarism were commonplace attitudes among teachers and pupils, though the “the push for progressive reform did not end with the introduction of war pedagogy” (80). Ellen Berg’s essay treats the subject of kindergartens in America and the extent to which they inculcated American or international values. Her work shows how kindergartens provided an opportunity “to envisage an idealized United States,” but also “looked beyond national borders” toward “world citizenship” and not merely American citizenship (97–98). Carolyn Kay examines the proliferation of child-rearing advice in [End Page 443] Wilhelmine Germany and its impact upon parenting. Speaking of “the predominant values of bourgeois culture” (118), she shows how doctors and pedagogues produced a variety of advice books that ultimately underlined the centrality of middle-class culture and the values of the middle-class family in imperial Germany. Furthermore, she draws attention to a conflict of opinion among those experts who advocated strict disciplining and those who called for a more liberal approach toward child-rearing. Rebecca Plant’s essay considers concepts of motherhood in mid-twentieth-century America. In particular, she discusses a cultural climate in the 1940s and 1950s that “repudiated sentimental ideals of motherhood” (135). In his essay, Till van Rahden examines the concept of “democratic fatherhood” in West Germany in the 1950s, discussing the shift away from patriarchal authority in the family towards a greater democratization of the family. Charles Israel looks at the relationship between parents, children, and the state in the American South. He discusses conflicts surrounding moral and religious education and concludes that “the persevering rhetorical power of parenthood should never be underestimated” (181). Tahra Zahra writes about the relationship between nationalism and education in the Bohemian lands from 1900 to 1948, demonstrating... | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W1974775645 | Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations | [
{
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"display_name": "Lyal S. Sunga",
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{
"display_name": "Municipal law",
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] | [
"Kuwait",
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974775645 | What rules of international law make the individual, even a Head of State, responsible for perpetrating serious human rights violations, such as war crimes, torture or genocide? This question is becoming more critical in our increasingly interdependent world, and the recent invasion of Kuwait and the brutalization of its people by Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein has heated up the debate even further. The author argues that a new rule of international law stipulating individual responsibility for all serious human rights violations is currently emerging. To show how this is coming about, he explores relevant norms in classic laws of war, international humanitarian law and modern international human rights law and surveys patterns in their implementation. He then takes account of codification efforts of the International Law Commission, the changing position of the individual in international law, and other important developments in the context of general international law as an evolving system. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W603392692 | The rule of law in the Middle East and the Islamic world : human rights and the judicial process | [
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"display_name": "Mai Yamani",
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{
"display_name": "Ancient history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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] | [
"Kuwait",
"Palestine",
"Saudi Arabia",
"Yemen",
"Egypt",
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W603392692 | Since Universal Declaration of much attention has been focused in an international standard on human rights applicable to all cultures. This text examines predicament of Muslim world. Are Islamic principles compatible with the Rule of Law and Human Rights as defined by West? In this country-by-country survey a range of distinguished scholars explore how concepts of the Rule of Law and Human Rights are being debated and applied in changing social and political climates of Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Jordon, Palestine, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2059710972 | Some Salient Human Rights in the UN Convention on Migrant Workers | [
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] | [
"Kuwait",
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059710972 | The United Nations, being aware of the exploitation of migrant workers particularly illegal immigrants, has adapted the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 1990. Human rights are grouped in two categories: rights available for all migrant workers including the non-documented (Part III) and rights only for documented workers (Part IV). Many of the rights in Part III are a reaffirmation of existing human rights in other international instruments in the specific context of migrant workers. The ingenuity of the Convention lies in the innovation of a large number of hitherto unknown rights like the right to recourse to consular or diplomatic protection, or the right to transfer funds, the right to information regarding working conditions, the right to equality with nationals in educational, social, and health services, as well as the right to exemptions from import and export duties. This paper examines the scope of some of the important human rights in the Convention. It also evaluates the efficacy of the Convention in safeguarding the migrant workers during armed conflicts such as the 1990 invasion of Kuwait by Iraq. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W758122006 | Human Rights and National Security: The Strategic Correlation | [
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] | [
"Kuwait"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W758122006 | For most of the past afty years, U.S. foreign policymakers have largely viewed the promotion of human rights and the protection of national security as in inherent tension. Almost without exception, each administration has treated the two goals as mutually exclusive: promote human rights at the expense of national security or protect national security while overlooking international human rights. While U.S. policymakers have been motivated at times by human rights concerns, such concerns have generally been subordinate to national security. For example, President Bush’s 2002 U.S. National Security Strategy speaks of a “commitment to protecting basic human rights.” In the same document, President Bush makes it clear that “defending our Nation against its enemies is the arst and fundamental commitment of the Federal Government.”1 This subordination of human rights to national security is both unnecessary and strategically questionable. A more effective U.S. foreign policy would view human rights and national security as correlated and complementary goals. Better protection of human rights around the world would make the United States safer and more secure. The United States needs to restructure its foreign policy accordingly. This Article presents a strategic—as opposed to ideological or normative—argument that the promotion of human rights should be given a more prominent place in U.S. foreign policy. It does so by suggesting a correlation between the domestic human rights practices of states and their propensity to engage in aggressive international conduct. Among the chief threats to U.S. national security are acts of aggression by other states. Aggressive acts of war may directly endanger the United States, as did the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, or they may require U.S. military action overseas, as in Kuwait afty years later. Evidence from the post–Cold War period | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1533770431 | Women, Islam and international law | [
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{
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{
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"Bahrain",
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"Syria",
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"Jordan",
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"Morocco",
"United Arab Emirates",
"Oman"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1533770431 | Abbreviations Introduction Theory and Reality of Human Rights I. Framework, Goals and Structure II. On Methodology A. Feminist Legal Methods B. Applying Feminist Methods to Human Rights Law C. Whose and Who is Right? I. Where and What are Women's Rights for One and for the Other I. International Law, Human Rights, and the Status of Women A. Introductory Remarks B. Human Rights Law and the Status of Women: Defi ning Women's Needs as Human Rights 1. A Historical Perspective 2. Where and What are Women's Human Rights 3. Human Rights of Women v. Women's Rights: Feminist Critiques of the Way 4. Human Rights Law Addresses Women's Interests C. Conclusions II. Women in Islam and Islamic Law A. Introductory Notes B. Terminological Clarifi cations C. Islamic Law: A Search for the Divine Will 1. General Clarifi cations 2. Islamic Law in its Traditional Form D. Status of Women under Islamic Law: Between Tradition and Modernity 1. General Differences between Approaches 2. Right to Marry and Choose a Spouse 3. Rights and Obligations of Spouses during the Marriage 4. Dissolution of Marriage 5. Custody and Guardianship of Children 6. Polygamy 7. Conclusions III. Islamic Law as a Process IV. Concluding Remarks II. Reservations to Treaties: Some Theoretical Issues I. Introduction: Why Reservations? II. Reservations in International Law in General A. Concept of Reservations 1. Definition and Historical Remarks 2.Theories B. The Vienna Convention Regime 1. Permissibility of Reservations 2. Reactions of States to Reservations and their Effects 2. Possibility of Modifi cation of Reservations C. Purposes, Functions and Mechanisms of the Reservations Regime in International Law in General III. Reservations to Human Rights Treaties A. Are Human Rights Treaties Different? B. Reciprocity and Reservations to Human Rights Treaties C. Attitude of States and Treaty-Monitoring Bodies in Face of Reservations to Human Rights Treaties in the Light of the Doctrine 1. General Trends in the Practice of Treaty-Monitoring Bodies 2. Developments in the Practice of States IV. Regime of Reservations and Dynamism of Human Rights Treaties III. Practice Developed in the Context of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam I. Content of Reservations to the CEDAW Based on Islam A. Articles Affected 1. General Remarks 2. Article 2 3. Article 9 4. Article 15 5. Article 16 6. Conclusions B. Nature of Reservations 1. Algeria 2. Bahrain 3. Bangladesh 4. Brunei 5. Egypt 6. Iraq 7. Jordan 8. Kuwait 9. Libya 10. Malaysia 11. The Maldives 12. Mauritania 13. Morocco 14. Niger 15. Oman 16. Pakistan 17. Saudi Arabia 18. Syria 19. Tunisia 20. United Arab Emirates C. Conclusions II. Reactions of States to Reservations A. Introductory Remarks B. 1. Determination of the Nature of Reservations 2. Effects of Reservations and 3. Other Types of Statements C. Other Reactions 1. Late Objections 2. Reactions to Modifications 3. Views of States Parties to the Convention Submitted at the Request of the Secretary-General D. Conclusions on General Trends in State Practice III. Practice of the Committee A. The Committee's Comments on Reservations as Part of Examination of States' Periodic Reports 1. Discussing the Impact of Reservations with States 2. Determining the Nature of Reservations B. Other Statements on Reservations C. The Optional Protocol and the Issue of Reservations D. Conclusions IV. From Statement to Process? IV. Promoting the Dialogue I. Approaching Conclusions II. International Law and Municipal Legal Orders A. Some Theoretical Premises B. Situation with the Municipal Law of Muslim States III. Suggestions A. Summary of the Analysis B. Proposals Bibliography Index | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2795766723 | Human rights law and international humanitarian law as limits for Security Council action | [
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"display_name": "Michaël Bothe",
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"Kuwait",
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2795766723 | The activities of the Security Council in the maintaining or restoring of international peace and security have expanded enormously since the end of the Cold War. The breakthrough for Security Council action was the Kuwait crisis – the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, and the ensuing successful military action to repel it. On this occasion, the Security Council showed considerable creativity in designing measures to cope with the situation, and not all of them corresponded exactly to what could be anticipated by just reading the relevant texts of the UN Charter. This fact and further developments have fomented a debate which existed already during earlier decades, namely a discourse on the legal basis of the powers of the Security Council and their limitations. The question whether and to what extent the norms of international human rights law and international humanitarian law limit the freedom of action, or the creativity of the Security Council in designing action, is a major part of that debate. The political developments and the ensuing legal debate highlight legal uncertainties. Organs of the United Nations exercise public authority in relation to individuals – which raises the question whether they have to apply human rights in doing so, and whether human rights, thus, limit the freedom of action of UN organs, including the Security Council. Armed forces of the United Nations are involved in military hostilities – which raises the question whether the rules of international law relating to such hostilities if conducted by States apply as well to the military operations conducted by the UN. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2141228327 | Education, political empowerment and Muslim women in the Middle East - Understanding the paradox | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"Kuwait",
"Qatar",
"Saudi Arabia",
"Bahrain",
"Iran",
"United Arab Emirates",
"Oman"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W592766740",
"https://openalex.org/W625260233",
"https://openalex.org/W1542012222",
"https://openalex.org/W2317354539",
"https://openalex.org/W2605942044"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2141228327 | Article 3 of the United Nations’ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) requires that state parties take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to guarantee women the exercise and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms on a basis of equality with men in all fields of life. The mainstream image of Islam seems to have been one that apparently portrays Islam and its stipulations on women as anathema to those of CEDAW. Curiously, the direct relationship between orthodox Islam or Muslim societies with perceived mistreatment or disempowerment of women does not materialise as clearly or forthrightly as anticipated. This paper demonstrates that recent CEDAW examinations reveal that educational attainment of Muslim women in orthodox Muslim countries in seven orthodox Muslim countries in the Middle East, namely, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait and Iran has vastly improved especially with respect to higher education. Yet, the facts also reveal that high education does not generally translate into greater political empowerment of the women. This paper then seeks to understand this apparent paradox with special reference to the Saudi Arabian case. It reasons that orthodox, conservative and negative perspectives and stereotypes of women in Islam are but only part of the answer. The other part would be that the educated Muslim women in orthodox Muslim countries of the Middle East as elsewhere do weigh things together in deciding which careers to pursue; that they deliberately decide in favour of the education and health profession because these are considered religiously more doable than politics and governance. The mainstream Western notions that rather simplistically equate educational with political empowerment does not happen the way it is expected for the Muslim women because of these non-secular considerations that engage them but that were not factored in and recognised in the conventional notions. Keywords: CEDAW, educational empowerment of women, human rights, orthodox Muslim countries, political empowerment of women, stereotypes of women in Islam | [
{
"display_name": "Geografia: Malaysian journal of society and space",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764524610",
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https://openalex.org/W2144424234 | European Court of Human Rights | [
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{
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2144424234 | On 10 November 2005 the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (‘Court’) decided the long-running headscarf battle between Muslim students and Turkish universities in the Şahin judgment. On appeal, it held that the prohibition against wearing headscarves on university premises did not violate Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘Convention’) on freedom of thought, conscience and religion. It thereby confirmed the decision of the Fourth Section of the Court of 29 June 2004. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2781274793 | Gross Violations of Human Rights: Invoking the European Convention on Human Rights in the Case of Turkey | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2781274793 | Situations of gross violation of human rights require a larger response than is possible through the invocation of complaints mechanisms in international human rights treaties. Nevertheless such international legal procedures can have an influence through the impartial establishment of disputed facts and international accountability. The European Convention on Human Rights has been invoked against Turkey by a large number of citizens of Kurdish origin claiming to be victims of practices of violation by the security forces in the emergency region of the South East. The experience of these cases before the Commission and Court to date demonstrates the hurdles that an individual complainant faces in seeking to prove alleged patterns of gross violation. These cases which have involved a major role for the Commission in fact-finding have also produced a new emphasis on the importance of the right to a domestic remedy as part of a State's commitments under the Convention. Alter the coming into force of Protocol 11 the new Court may well be faced with new situations of violent conflict or of minority tensions which may necessitate radical changes to its powers, procedures and practice. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2783404909 | Protecting Syrians in Turkey: A Legal Analysis | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] | [
"Turkey",
"Syria"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2783404909 | Since 2011, Turkey has pursued an open door policy accompanied by a national temporary protection regime to protect more than three million Syrians fleeing civil war. Turkey is a party to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees but maintains a geographical limitation to the Convention. Turkey is also a party to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the Convention against Torture. Following a failed coup attempt, Turkey declared a State of Emergency in July 2016 which continues today. After this declaration, Turkey submitted a formal notice of derogation from the ECHR as foreseen under article 15, and notified the United Nations Secretary-General that it may take measures involving derogation from obligations under the ICCPR. Since its declaration of a State of Emergency, Turkey has also made a number of changes to its asylum law. In view of these recent developments, this article focuses on the protection of Syrians in Turkey in law and in practice and the consistency of this protection regime with Turkey’s international legal obligations. The article has three main parts. The first examines the access of Syrians to the Turkish territories, education, the labour market, refugee status determination procedures, and durable solutions. The second identifies Turkey’s international legal obligations towards Syrians. Building on this, the third part examines recent amendments in Turkish asylum law following Turkey’s declaration of a State of Emergency and whether Turkish law and practice concerning Syrian refugees is consistent with Turkey’s international legal obligations. By examining these issues, the article provides an overview of Turkish law and practice concerning Syrian refugees and explores whether it is consistent with Turkey’s obligations under international law. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2053100182 | Parental Religious Rights vs. Compulsory Religious Education in Turkey | [
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{
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{
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{
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053100182 | Abstract Despite parents having primary responsibility, it remains the State's duty to ensure its citizens' education. The orientation of the State's education can be secular can religious; however, the State – having the discretion on curriculum – should comply with human rights principles by promoting pluralism and refraining from indoctrination. In this respect, discussions around religious education have been, and are, highly controversial. This has especially been the case for countries such as Turkey, which have pronounced religious minority groups in their territories. In this regard, the Alevis of Turkey, as the largest religious minority in the country, have been the main actors of a long lasting legal struggle to strive for respect for their freedom of religion as well as parental religious convictions. This article aims to answer to what extent Alevis in Turkey can assert their parental right to religious education through invoking international human rights law, particularly under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W1970682904 | The Legitimacy of Human Rights Courts: A Grounded Interpretivist Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights | [
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{
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970682904 | This article offers an empirically grounded interpretivist analysis of the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights based on domestic judicial and political elite accounts of the legitimacy of the Court in Turkey, Bulgaria, United Kingdom, Ireland, and Germany. The central argument of the article is that the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is based on a constant comparison between the values and goals of domestic institutions and the values and goals of the European Court of Human Rights. More specifically, the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is grounded in the logic of a fair compromise: What actors think they lose by according legitimacy to the European Court of Human Rights must be balanced by what they perceive to gain in return. Three factors organize how actors in different domestic settings strike a fair compromise in their domestic contexts: a) perception of domestic human rights conditions, b) commitment to cosmopolitan ideals of human rights and international law, and c) commitment to domestic institutions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2097271430 | Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and State Violence: Medical Documentation of Torture in Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2097271430 | State authorities invested in developing official expert discourses and practices to deny torture in post-1980 coup d'état Turkey. Documentation of torture was therefore crucial for the incipient human rights movement there in the 1980s. Human rights physicians used their expertise not only to treat torture victims but also to document torture and eventually found the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (HRFT) in 1990. Drawing on an ethnographic and archival research at the HRFT, this article examines the genealogy of anti-torture struggles in Turkey and argues that locally mediated intimacies and/or hostilities between victims of state violence, human rights physicians, and official forensics reveal the limitations of certain universal humanitarian and human rights principles. It also shows that locally mediated long-term humanitarian encounters around the question of political violence challenge forensic denial of violence and remake the legitimate levels of state violence. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2106218937 | The Human Rights of Individuals in De Facto Regimes under the European Convention on Human Rights | [
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"display_name": "Anthony Cullen",
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106218937 | The objective of this article is to evaluate the extent to which we can regard individuals in the territories of de facto regimes in the Council of Europe region (Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Transdniestria and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) as enjoying the protection of the European Convention on Human Rights. The work considers the utility of recognising ‘de facto regimes’ as subjects of international law, before examining the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights and wider international law on the human rights obligations of such political entities. It then draws on the doctrine of acquired human rights to recognise, in certain circumstances, that the European Convention on Human Rights can be opposable to such regimes and concludes by reflecting on the implications of the analysis for understanding human rights in world society. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2112252129 | The Dilemma of Double Standards in U.S. Human Rights Policy | [
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"Turkey",
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2112252129 | In May 2000 the United States was voted off of the United Nations Human Rights Commission. This reflected the frustration of much of the international community with the United States’ increasingly obstructionist approach to international institutionalism. The United States’ opposition to the proposed International Criminal Court (ICC) reflects its pursuit of double standards in human rights policy. Double standards are manifest in U.S. support for Israel and Turkey with their records of gross human rights violations. They likewise are discernable in the strategic motives behind the 1999 Kosovo intervention. The proposed ICC challenges the United States’ use of human rights rhetoric to pursue unilateral objectives by forging a more neutral means of prosecuting international justice. If the United States is to recover its status as the world's human rights leader, it must renew its commitment to multilateral institutionalism and must avoid double standards that undermine the legitimacy of human rights discourse. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3080644014 | How Constitutional Rights Matter | [
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"Turkey",
"Tunisia"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3080644014 | <italic>How Constitutional Rights Matter</italic> explores whether constitutionalizing rights improves respect for those rights in practice. Drawing on global statistical analyses, case studies in Colombia, Myanmar, Poland, Russia, and Tunisia, and survey experiments in Turkey and the United States, this book advances three claims. First, enshrining rights in constitutions does not automatically ensure that those rights will be respected in practice. For rights to matter, rights violations need to be politically costly, which can happen when citizens mobilize against governments that encroach upon their rights. Successfully resisting the government, however, is no small feat for unconnected groups of citizens, and governments can often get away with constitutional rights violations. Second, some rights are more likely to be enforced than others. The reason is that some rights come with natural constituencies that are able to mobilize for their enforcement. This is the case for rights that are practiced by and within organizations, or “organizational rights,” such as the rights to religious freedom, unionize, and form political parties. Because religious groups, trade unions, and political parties are highly organized, they are well equipped to use the constitution to resist rights violations. Indeed, we find that these organizational rights are systematically associated with better practices. By contrast, rights that are practiced on an individual basis, such as free speech or the prohibition of torture, usually lack constituencies to enforce them, which makes it easier for governments to violate them. Third, even highly organized groups armed with the constitution face an uphill battle. Although such groups may be able to successfully resist repressive practices, they often can only delay governments that are truly dedicated to rights repression. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2080434606 | The truth and fiction about (Turkey's) human rights politics | [
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"display_name": "Ümit Cizre",
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"Turkey"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1552710049",
"https://openalex.org/W2260600816",
"https://openalex.org/W2478443460"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080434606 | Despite their strong transnational links and support in the second half of the 1990s, Turkish NGOs have not yet had a “tremendous” impact on domestic political and social change. But new points of contact have been established in the public sphere between governmental agencies and the IHV and IHD, with both sides engaged in an argumentative process, which may, in the long run, lead to the subscriptive phase of “human rights talk” and deed. The general tenor of this essay may lend itself to suggesting two prerequisites for establishing such a sustainable human rights regime in this geography: the first is “capacity building”, the other is grounding this regime in an accurate perception of the structures of power, domestic and international, so as to “integrate” the human rights bundle into all aspects of life, at all levels, within all traditions and institutions by empowering the community into the language of human rights. Most of all, integration of human rights into a liberal democratic order requires coming to terms with the past. Capacity building can be defined in different terms: in the words of Mary Robinson, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, it is “facing-up to the bullies.” It is a cliché that the legalistic entrenchment of human rights is sufficient guarantee against their violation. It is almost unrealistic to expect a system to volunteer to set up a human rights regime that will limit and cripple the power it wields. So, what to do? Mary Robinson suggests a “national plan,” as, opposed to fragmented political notions, building a sustainable model with strong bricks and mortar. As Robinson notes, “even where there are plans, plans without effective strategies for implementation are empty vessels.” We could add more: in contexts like Turkey where “special circumstances” provide the pretext for legitimating an anti-human rights discourse, Mary Robinson's national plan's chances of success depend on building a strong survival capacity for any civilian government that works to bring, itself, the urban middle classes, civil society and the military into the realities embedded in human rights. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4251227975 | Courting Gender Justice | [
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{
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{
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"display_name": "Melike Sayoglu",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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] | [
"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4251227975 | Women and the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community in Russia and Turkey face pervasive discrimination. Only a small percentage dare to challenge their mistreatment in court. Facing domestic police and judges who often refuse to recognize discrimination, a tiny minority of activists have exhausted their domestic appeals and then turned to their last hope: the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The ECtHR, located in Strasbourg, France, is widely regarded as the most effective international human rights court in existence. Russian citizens whose rights have been violated at home have brought tens of thousands of cases to the ECtHR in the last 20 years. But only one of these cases resulted in a finding of gender discrimination—and that case was brought by a man. By comparison, the Court has found gender discrimination more frequently in decisions on Turkish cases. <italic>Courting Gender Justice</italic> explores the obstacles that confront those who try to use domestic and international law to fight gender and sexual orientation discrimination in Russia and Turkey, and sheds light on the factors that make legal victories possible both at home and abroad. Based on interviews with human rights and feminist activists and lawyers in both countries, this engaging book grounds the law in the experiences of individual people fighting to defend their rights. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W1989942555 | Has human rights law become<i>lex specialis</i>for the European Court of Human Rights in right to life cases arising from internal armed conflicts? | [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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] | [
"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989942555 | It is generally accepted that although human rights law is applicable in situations of armed conflict, international humanitarian law is lex specialis. However, this may not necessarily be the case with regard to internal armed conflicts, and legal authorities provide contradictory views as to what extent human rights principles are applicable in internal armed conflicts. This article explores the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law and considers the jurisprudential approach of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to right to life cases arising out of the internal armed conflicts in Turkey and Chechnya. The paper argues that such case law provides evidence that Strasbourg considers the principles of human rights law as lex specialis in right to life cases arising out of internal armed conflicts. | [
{
"display_name": "The International Journal of Human Rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S139935717",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2500388996 | Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits) | [
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{
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2500388996 | Human rights — State responsibility — Responsibility for securing the rights and freedoms under a convention to persons within the jurisdiction of the State — Concept of jurisdiction — Whether limited to the territory of the State — State exercising effective control over area outside its territory as a result of military action — Whether violations 444 of human rights in that area imputable to the State — Whether relevant that State exercises control through local authorities — Cyprus — Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus — Whether northern Cyprus within jurisdiction of Turkey for purposes of European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 1 Human rights — Right to property — Continuing violation — Denial of access to property — Purported expropriation by unrecognized entity — Whether deprivation of property — Whether interference with peaceful enjoyment of possessions — European Convention on Human Rights, First Protocol, Article 1 — Right to respect for home — Denial of access to land on which applicant intended to build home — Whether a violation of European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 8 International organizations — United Nations — Security Council — Effect of resolutions — Resolutions not adopted under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter — Resolutions 541 (1983) and 550 (1984) on invalidity of establishment of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — Effects — United Nations buffer zone in Cyprus International tribunals — Jurisdiction — European Court of Human Rights — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 46 — Limitation ratione temporis Recognition — States — Effects of non-recognition — Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (“TRNC”) — Whether a State — Whether effect to be given to acts of TRNC — Purported expropriation of property by TRNC — Whether affecting ownership State responsibility — Imputability — Whether acts of separate entity imputable to State — Degree of overall control required — Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — Whether controlled by Turkey — Whether acts imputable to Turkey States — Existence of State — Entity not recognized by international community, with exception of one State — Whether unrecognized entity a State War and armed conflict — Legality of resort to force — Turkish intervention in Cyprus in 1974 — Whether lawful — 445 Occupation — Concept of occupation — Intervening forces remaining after establishment of local administration | [
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https://openalex.org/W2135537759 | Inter-State Dispute Settlement in the Field of Human Rights | [
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"https://openalex.org/W2977309061",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2135537759 | Inter-state disputes on human rights issues have been a far from exceptional phenomenon. During the Cold War the human rights question deeply divided the countries belonging to the Western and the communist blocs. Relations between developed and developing countries quite often have been heavily strained by controversies on human rights. But even within a group of countries belonging to an alliance or a homogeneous regional organization, human rights issues from time to time have been the cause of serious difficulties; e.g., the human rights record of Greece and Portugal within NATO and that of Greece and Turkey within the Council of Europe. Hardly ever have such disputes been subjected to third party dispute settlement machinery, even if such machinery was available. Most human rights treaties have a so-called procedure for state complaints, although in most cases acceptance of such a procedure is optional for the state parties. Only under two treaties, the European Convention on Human Rights and the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, it is mandatory for any state party against which a complaint by another state party is made, to submit itself to such a procedure. In most cases the procedures are of a fact-finding and mediatory character.Again, only under two (regional) treaties, the European and the American Convention on Human Rights, the initiating of such a procedure may lead to a binding decision. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1988107402 | THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN TURKEY | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988107402 | Journal Article THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN TURKEY Get access Carla Buckley Carla Buckley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Human Rights Law Review, Volume 1, Issue 1, Spring 2001, Pages 35–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/1.1.35 Published: 01 March 2001 | [
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https://openalex.org/W2001743323 | Extraterritorial Laws for Cross-Border Reproductive Care: The Issue of Legal Diversity | [
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"Turkey"
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"https://openalex.org/W1593400932",
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"https://openalex.org/W2020833695",
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"https://openalex.org/W2122645409",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001743323 | Abstract Certain states impose restrictions on assisted reproduction because they believe such acts to be morally wrong. However, people who live in a state with restrictive legislation always have the option of going abroad to evade that law. Turkey and several states in Australia have enacted extraterritorial laws to stop forms of reproductive travelling for law evasion. Within the EU, the European Convention of Human Rights would normally remove the need for extraterritorial laws. However, because of the wide margin of appreciation allowed by the European Court of Human Rights, legal diversity on these matters persists. In the case of S.H. and Others v. Austria , moral justification, consistency and proportionality were introduced by the First Section to rule on Member States’ legislation on medically assisted reproduction. The First Section mostly ruled on the effectiveness of the law, while the focus should be on the validity of the normative aim. The Grand Chamber reversed this judgement based on the margin of appreciation doctrine, using it as a pragmatic substitute for a substantial decision. In general, the EU’s interests of harmonization and unification are at odds with the right to national identity of individual states in areas of contested morality. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2050448876 | International Norms and Women's Rights in Turkey and Japan | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050448876 | In 1985, the final year of the UN Decade for Women, 20 countries ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). In this article we examine the decisions of two non-Western states to ratify the convention as part of this flood of ratification: Japan and Turkey. We find empirical support for the main hypotheses advanced in the literature on norm cascades in international relations, but we also find important evidence that suggests scholars must be sensitive to context in determining which states are “critical” in helping bring about norm cascades. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2134472664 | THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: CONFERENCE REPORT | [
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"https://openalex.org/W2244631597",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134472664 | On 24–25 September 2009, the Faculty of Laws, University College London and the International Humanitarian Law Project, London School of Economics held a conference in cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross entitled ‘The European Convention on Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law’. Armed conflict situations (including belligerent occupations) have increasingly become the subject of litigation before national courts and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). As a result, there is now a substantial body of case-law on the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in armed conflict situations. The ECtHR has had to engage with questions involving situations of armed conflict and occupation since the Turkish intervention in Northern Cyprus in the 1970s. The increasing resort to the ECHR by claimants whose rights have allegedly been violated in contemporary armed conflicts and occupations, raise new and complex questions of law. To what extent does the ECHR, as a human rights legal regime, apply in such situations, especially when alleged violations have been perpetrated abroad? How does the ECHR interact with international humanitarian law (IHL)? | [
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https://openalex.org/W3125354527 | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ASYLUM CLAIMS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: A PROGRESS NARRATIVE? | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125354527 | Recent years have witnessed significant developments in international human rights law relating to domestic violence. No longer viewed as a matter ‘essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of the State’, domestic violence now frequently commands the attention of international human rights bodies. The obligations imposed on States include positive obligations of due diligence to prevent, investigate and to punish domestic violence, whenever and wherever it occurs. 1 Judicial dialogue across the borders of human rights and refugee law has also expanded access to asylum for women fleeing domestic violence, bringing with it a gradual recognition of the positive obligations that international law now imposes on States. However, as recent cases such as Jessica Gonzalez v the United State s 2 and Opuz v Turkey 3 reveal, significant gaps remain between the rhetoric of human rights law and the reality of everyday enforcement and implementation on the ground. These gaps are most keenly felt by refugee women. While State practice suggests greater gender inclusivity and sensitivity in the practice of refugee law, women fleeing domestic violence continue to face obstacles in making their claims heard. | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2748915676 | After the failure of the abortive coup in 2016, Turkey announced that it would derogate from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) during the pronounced state of emergency. While the derogation was claimed to be necessary to eliminate the remaining hostile factions, a sweeping purge followed and human rights organisations have raised concerns over the deteriorating situation. This evokes the question of whether human rights can actually be derogated or suspended during coup situations. This article will analyse whether coup d’état can be regarded as ‘an emergency that threatens the life of a nation’ under Article 4(1) of the ICCPR and Article 15 of the ECHR. Moreover, this article will assess whether a coup could also be invoked to suspend the American Convention on Human Rights and the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2016448219 | Human Rights and Turkey’s Bid for EU Membership: Will “Fundamental Rights of the Union” Bring Fundamental Changes to the Turkish Constitution and Turkish Politics? | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016448219 | Abstract This paper compares and contrasts human rights provisions of the Turkish Constitution with those of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights, incorporated in the draft European Constitution as Part II. It critiques the Turkish Constitution and assesses the convergence of its approach with the European Union’s human rights regime on the critical issues of dignity, freedoms, equality, solidarity, civil rights, and justice. While changes are required in Turkey’s constitution to bring it into line, the main changes required are the full implementation in practice of rights promised in the legal texts. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1556634521 | The European Court of Human Rights and the Rights of Marginalised Individuals and Minorities in National Context | [] | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556634521 | This volume explores the role of the ECtHR in protecting marginalised individuals and minorities. What factors and conditions have led growing numbers of such individuals and minorities to pursue their rights and freedoms in front of the ECtHR and how has the latter responded to these? Does the Convention and the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court enhance the protection of vulnerable groups at the national level and expand their rights? Or do they mainly tend to fill in relatively minor gaps or occasional lapses in national rights guarantees? Comprising a set of eight country-based case studies, this volume examines litigation on behalf of marginalised individuals and minorities, and the relevant ECtHR jurisprudence across the following countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, France, Italy, Turkey and the UK. | [
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https://openalex.org/W138571295 | Contesting the ‘Truth’ of Turkey’s Human Rights Situation: State-Association Interactions in and outside the Southeast | [
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"Turkey"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1633705112",
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"https://openalex.org/W2402804112",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W138571295 | The first decade of the 21st century saw Turkish state actors – under pressure from the European Union – initiate a kind of institutionalization of human rights. Initially, a window of opportunity for cooperation seemed to emerge between these actors and the country’s human rights associations, which state officials had for many years viewed as a threat and undermining state policies. This paper examines the institutionalization process and relations between human rights associations and Turkish officials. It shows that despite early indications of a more cooperative relationship, the process has produced a dual system comprised of mutually antagonistic actors: new state-centric institutional bodies on the one hand, and the established human rights associations on the other. Instead of cooperation, the newly developing structures appear to be challenging the authority of Turkey’s human rights associations over the ‘truth’ concerning respect for human rights in Turkey, especially regarding the Kurdish question. The institutionalization of human rights has been achieved in such a way as to lend state institutions the image of cooperation with a wide range of civil society actors, while in reality it is exclusive of those associations deemed a threat to the state’s reproduction of itself and the self-image it wants to portray. The paper demonstrates this by examining: (1) the ways in which the institutionalization process has developed; (2) the nature and workings of the new government-led human rights body; and (3) how this relates to shifts in patterns of relations between the human rights associations and EU institutions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3021746452 | Are Turkey’s Restrictions on Freedom of Religion or Belief Permissible? | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3021746452 | Abstract This article constitutes a summary of the findings of an inquiry into the utilization of the restriction clause of freedom of religion or belief in the course of restriction of this right in Turkey. It demonstrates that FoRB is restricted in various ways by public authorities which rarely involve a systematic application of the FoRB restriction clause. Despite Turkey’s human rights obligations in the area of freedom of religion or belief and the high status conferred to international human rights law under Article 90 of the Turkish Constitution the impact of international provisions on the protection of FoRB in Turkey remains insufficient and inconsistent. The right to freedom of religion or belief has been restricted through measures based on “established practice”, decisions of public authorities based on laws and regulations not directly dealing with this right and court decisions that are not in full compliance with international law. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2124699740 | European Court of Human Rights: State and Religion, Schools and Scarves. An Analysis of the Margin of Appreciation as Used in the Case of <i>Leyla Sahin v. Turkey</i>, Decision of 29 June 2004, Application Number 44774/98. | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124699740 | In the case of Leyla Sahin v. Turkey of 29 June 2004, the European Court of Human Rights decided in favour of Turkey. The banning of headscarves at the University of Istanbul did not violate Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Some years before the European Court already declared inadmissible a complaint by a Swiss teacher of younger children who was fired because she was not willing to leave off her headscarf while teaching. The complaint was manifestly ill founded. In other European countries the wearing of headscarves by teachers and pupils has lead to political and legal discussions and actions as well. In France, new legislation based on the so-called Stasi -report forbids pupils in primary and secondary state schools to wear clearly visible religious symbols. The reasons behind this act of parliament were problems allegedly caused by the wearing of headscarves. In Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court decided that a ban on headscarves for teachers needs a basis in an act of parliament of the German states. It is up to the legislatures of the Länder to decide if such a ban should be issued. In the Netherlands, existing equal treatment law has been interpreted in such a way that teachers and pupils in state schools are allowed to wear headscarves. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S127320246",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2022367543 | Female Subjects of International Human Rights Law: The Hijab1Debate and the Exotic Other Female2 | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022367543 | In this paper, the presupposed ideas upon which the hijab is probibited in both France and Turkey – concerning the nature and purpose of veiling (these notions informed and influenced by a long history of Orientalism) – are examined and shown to provide an insufficient justification for the prohibition. Such notions serve to marginalize Muslim Women in the broader women's rights movement in international human rights law, thereby engendering and maintaining the ‘otherness’ of the Muslim woman as the ‘Exotic Female Other’. Having considered how the rhetoric surrounding Muslim women, the veil and the prohibition are easily challenged and therefore significantly undermine the ban's validity, the international law implications of the hijab ban are addressed – namely, the particular human rights that are violated are outlined in addition to a survey of the current effectiveness of international human rights discourse and institutions. Recommendations as to what should be done are also offered. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2080633802 | Conscientious Objection to Military Service: International Human Rights Law and the Case of Turkey | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080633802 | Abstract The assessment of claims of conscientious objection to military service under freedom of religion or belief provisions has been an evolutive process in international human rights law. In Turkey, the right to conscientious objection to military service is not recognized, nor is there a specific punishment due for non-performance of military service on grounds of religious or philosophical beliefs. Military service is compulsory for every Turkish male citizen. The article in hand aims, firstly, to provide a survey on the status of the right to conscientious objection to military service in international human rights law and to propose a harmonizing interpretation that would allow for the evaluation of cases of conscientious objection under relevant provisions protecting freedom of religion or belief and secondly, to evaluate the Turkish legislation in relation to conscientious objection to military service and highlight human rights issues that arise due to a lack of legal regulation on conscientious objection to military service. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W1512304503 | The power effects of human rights reforms in Turkey: enhanced surveillance and depoliticisation | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1512304503 | While the perspective of ‘liberalism of fear’ assumes that human rights limit the despotic power of the state, this paper argues that human rights reforms promoted in the context of institution- and capacity-building programmes have had significant power effects by enhancing the disciplinary capacities of the Turkish state and blunting the transformative potential of rights claiming. The reforms increased state surveillance by rechanneling criminal justice processes towards producing evidence (such as telecommunications data, DNA collection, etc) rather than testimonies. Instead of limiting state power, these reforms enhanced the disciplinary mechanisms of social control. They depoliticised the problem of torture by constructing it as an occupational accident (as opposed to a state crime) that happens because of lack of police officer know-how or resources for the investigation of crime. Finally, reforms revamped the way police investigated crimes, rather than launching campaigns against torture and dismissing past wrongdoers in the police. The paper concludes that the neoliberal emphasis on the technicalisation of political problems has limited the democratic potential of human rights reforms. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3132121984 | Countering counterterrorism: defending human rights and challenging curfews in Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3132121984 | Turkey imposed open-ended blanket curfews beginning in 2015, resulting in gross human rights violations. This article analyzes strategies employed by domestic activists to address violations. It explains what worked, what did not, and why. It argues that longstanding barriers to mass mobilization, including some that predate de-Europeanization, shaped activists’ mobilization strategies. Because of an unfavorable domestic environment, activists used a boomerang strategy, disseminating information to international allies who applied pressure to Turkish officials. This strategy effectively mobilized transnational human rights networks, resulting in a continuous and concerted effort by international actors to persuade Turkish officials to protect human rights while countering terrorism. Nevertheless, the boomerang strategy and a legal strategy to file applications with the European Court of Human Rights ultimately failed to generate a shift in policy. The article concludes with a discussion about the factors that contributed to this outcome. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S77485876",
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https://openalex.org/W2483830743 | Mamatkulov and Askarov <i>v</i>. Turkey | [] | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2483830743 | 230 Human rights — Prohibition of torture — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 3 — Whether applicants facing real risk of treatment proscribed by Article 3 in Uzbekistan — Evidence — Assessment at date of extradition — Turkey failing to comply with interim measure indicated under Rule 39 — Court being prevented from assessing risk in appropriate manner — Whether Turkey violating Article 3 Human rights — Right to fair trial — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 6(1) — Whether applying to extradition proceedings in Turkey — Whether violation of Article 6(1) concerning criminal proceedings in Uzbekistan — Whether risk of flagrant denial of justice — Evidence at time of extradition — Unavailability of additional information — Turkey failing to comply with indication — Whether Turkey violating Article 6(1) Human rights — Right of individual application — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 34 — Turkey failing to comply with measures indicated under Rule 39 of Rules of Court — Whether Turkey breaching its Article 34 undertaking not to hinder applicants in exercise of right of individual application International tribunals — Interim measures — Scope — Whether binding — Convention system — General principles of international law — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — Relevant international case law — European Court of Human Rights, Rule 39 of Rules of Court | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210230597",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2993434125 | Unveiling the Veil Ban Dilemma: Turkey and Beyond | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2993434125 | This article examines Turkey's veil ban policy, which has been in place since the 1980s. The dilemma is whether Muslim-veil bans impinge on the rights of expression and at both national and international levels or, whether states may legally justify a ban on the basis of secularism and women's rights. Even though the idea of freedom from religion in Turkey has been closely linked to the European notion of secularism during most of Turkey's republican history, more recently, secularism and veil bans in Turkey and in the West have been construed quite distinctly. This shows an increasing gap between European and Turkey's politics and values. Keywords: Human rights, Muslim-veils, secularism, Turkey, women's rights. Introduction Scholars and practitioners of international law have recognized the obstacles that human rights must overcome to conflate individual and collective rights into a cohesive system. More specifically, the collective nature of freedom of has been problematic (Chirkin 2007). Religious identity is acquired within communities, but the post-World War II international human rights regime initially placed greater importance on individuals as the locus of human rights. Moreover, the universality of basic individual human rights proclaimed in treaties and declarations has also been challenged by religious practices and regional conventions. This article examines how freedom of is interpreted at state and international levels, using the example of Turkey's veil ban. The issue here is whether Muslim-veil bans impinge on the rights of freedom of expression and religion, or whether states may legally justify a ban on the basis of secularism and women's rights. The requirement to wear Muslim veils as an expression of religious identity is in itself highly controversial. Some Muslim theologians argue that the Qur'an requires women to be modest and not to provoke men by their appearance, and that modesty does not always translate into covering one's head, full-body and face. This explains why there is such a great variation in Muslim veiling even among Muslim conservatives around the world. Although it is outside the scope of this work to discuss whether veiling is a requirement under Islamic law, the fact that there is such a debate is noteworthy because it underlines different ways to interpret and reinforce what both sides of the debate claim to be their struggle for freedom of religion. To illustrate these controversies, this article examines the case of Leyla Sahin, a medical student at the University of Istanbul, who went to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) to challenge a veil ban in Istanbul's university. As a Muslim woman, she claimed that the university policy-and Turkish laws-violated her rights of freedom of expression and religion. (1) The first section of this article examines general current trends on the protection of basic human rights and analyzes the universality of human rights and its problems, using as appropriate examples for this case, the European and Arab human rights agreements. A second section examines the historical evolution of secularism in Turkey since its origins during the 1920s until recent years and illustrates how this concept has been vaguely defined by political authorities. This has given court decisions ample room to construe the meaning of secularism and veil bans in Turkey. The third and last section analyzes the interpretation of Turkey's veil bans at the international (European) level and examines European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) decisions on Turkey's veil bans, including the case of university student Leyla Sahin. This discussion is significant because even though the idea of secularism and freedom from religion had been closely identified with the European notion of secularism since Turkey became a republic, more recently, policies of secularism and veil bans in Turkey, as compared to Western Europe, are being construed quite distinctly. … | [
{
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"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2401831862 | Fundamental Rights and Freedoms in Turkey and the Turkish Constitutional Court | [
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"Turkey"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2401831862 | The article titled “Fundamental Rights and Freedoms in Turkey and the Turkish Constitutional Court” illustrates the influence of the European human rights standards in Turkey. First, the article examines the key features of the fundamental rights and freedoms regime under the 1982 Constitution. Second, it discusses the Turkish Constitutional Court’s approach on fundamental rights and freedoms within the framework of the decisions on some of the specific issues that have proven controversial in Turkey, i.e. “gender equality”, “freedoms of political parties”, “social rights” and “emergency-law decrees”. This article reveals that the European human rights documents and the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights are indispensable elements for Turkish legislation and the Constitutional Court, even though it seems that sometimes they do not fully embrace the principles. Accordingly, the Turkish case suggests the “Convergence of Fundamental Rights in Europe”. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2506650843 | Cyprus <i>v</i>. Turkey | [] | [
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https://openalex.org/W2615459375 | Role of the European Court of Human Rights in the Turkish Constitutional Court’s Rulings Regarding the Freedom of Association | [
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https://openalex.org/W2778083727 | Gender Stereotyping in Domestic Violence Cases. An Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights’ Jurisprudence | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2778083727 | Stereotyping has definitely appeared on the radar of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, the Court or the Strasbourg Court). In several recent rulings, notably the Grand Chamber judgments of Konstantin Markin v Russia and Aksu v Turkey , the Court has taken issue with gender-based and race-based stereotypes. Konstantin Markin concerned Russia's refusal to grant parental leave to a military serviceman. This is an important ruling, because the Court held that the state could not rely on gender stereotypes to justify differences in treatment between men and women under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Aksu concerned government-sponsored publications, which included derogatory stereotypes about Roma. The importance of this judgment, as seen from an anti-stereotyping perspective, is that the Court explicitly recognises that stereotyping can negatively impact the right to private life (Article 8 ECHR). In this chapter, rather than comprehensively analysing and critiquing the ways in which the Strasbourg Court addresses (and fails to address) stereotypes, we zoom in on the Court's case law regarding domestic violence against women. In a volume dedicated to exploring the ways in which stereotyping is a human rights issue, violence against women (VAW) – and specifically domestic violence against women – is a particularly salient and thorny issue. International human rights law – as will be discussed further below – recognises that there are close links between pervasive gender stereotyping and VAW. The issue remains surprisingly under-examined in the ECtHR literature, however. This chapter argues that the Court should address gender stereotyping in domestic violence cases and in that respect follow international human rights law. That is not to say that we think the Strasbourg Court can eliminate gender stereotypes. We think of the Court as one actor in a larger effort directed against the harmful gender stereotypes underpinning domestic violence. This effort is organised on many fronts, both legal and non-legal (such as via media, education and politics). Yet the only way the Court can play its role, this chapter further argues, is by carefully crafting legal reasoning that names and contests stereotypes. In naming gender stereotypes, the Court will be addressing one of the factors that structurally contributes to domestic violence and ineffective state responses. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1999027346 | The State of Political Participation of Minorities in Turkey – An Analysis under the ECHR and the ICCPR | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999027346 | The State of Political Participation of Minorities in Turkey – An Analysis under the ECHR and the ICCPR OLGUN AKBULUT* 1. Introduction Since the case law of the Strasbourg organs began to draw a picture of the rampant human rights violations that occurred in Turkey from the outset of the 1990s, the international community has become much more aware of Turkish law and practice regarding individual human rights and minority rights. In spite of the fact that the cases have not been dealt with in terms of minority rights, the definition of the appli- cants in a large number of | [
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https://openalex.org/W2543825059 | A Temporary Protection Regime in Line with International Law: Utopia or Real Possibility? | [
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"Turkey",
"Syria"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2543825059 | Temporary protection has long been a state response to mass influx situations offering persons seeking refuge immediate protection from refoulement and basic minimum treatment. Today, temporary protection is still relevant: Since 2011, Syrians in Turkey have been protected under a temporary protection regime. Despite this relevance, there is no structured legal framework regulating temporary protection at an international level. Furthermore, conformity of temporary protection regimes with the Refugee Convention, international law and human rights is largely undefined and unsettled. This article takes a step towards clarifying the relationship between temporary protection and international law by discussing whether states can implement a temporary protection regime which does not undermine the Refugee Convention, deprive temporarily protected persons of their basic human rights and lead to premature forced return of the protected persons. Building on the premise that such a temporary protection regime would be in line with international law, this article provides guidance to states on how they should regulate rights and entitlements of the temporarily protected persons, maximum time limit of protection and withdrawal of temporary protection. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2944783399 | Remedies Available against Asylum Decisions and Deportation Orders in Turkey: An Assessment in View of European Law and the European Convention on Human Rights | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944783399 | This article examines administrative and judicial remedies against asylum decisions and deportation orders in Turkey and safeguards provided within these remedies with a view to analysing to what extent they are in line with European law and the European Convention on Human Rights ( echr ). The article has two main parts. The first part provides an overview of the Turkish asylum system and remedies available against asylum decisions and deportation orders in Turkey. Whereas, the second part identifies main procedural safeguards to be observed in asylum and deportation appeals by reviewing EU asylum acquis , the echr and case law of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. Building on this, the article assesses whether the Turkish law and practice incorporate these procedural safeguards and provide asylum seekers and migrants a right to effective remedy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2998592775 | Legal Implications of Turkey’s Accessions to the Istanbul Convention by Enacting and Refining Its Laws on Violence Against Women | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2998592775 | This study examines Turkey’s Law No. 6284, which was enacted pursuant to the Istanbul Convention’s obligations for signatories to combat and prevent violence against women. The law aims to provide both protection and prevention measures to assist women and their families. However, the nation has struggled with the implementation of consistent responses to family violence. The article argues that, although Turkey has done much to implement the Istanbul Convention, the nation’s male-dominated mentality and the emphasis on family coherence and harmony rather than women as “individuals” hinders effective responses to gender violence. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4200175303 | A Comparative Analysis on International Refugee Law and Temporary Protection in the Context of Turkey | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200175303 | The Syrian civil war prompted a large number of people to flee their country and seek asylum in other countries, making Turkey a leading host country with around 3.6 million of asylum seekers. Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey are under temporary protection regime. This article examines Turkish temporary protection regime in comparison with international protection standards and human rights law, especially with the UNHCR Guideline and European Union legislation on temporary protection and European Court on Human Rights judgements. In this respect, this article argues that Turkish legislation has met the fundamental requirements of international protection law and standards, however, still needs to be improved in some crucial areas. In this regard, the international protection law and the difference between the status of refugee and temporary protection is explored. Subsequently, declaration of temporary protection in case of a mass-influx, the rights and freedoms covered under temporary protection, non-refoulement principle and termination of temporary protection regime under Turkish Temporary Protection Regulation are discussed and compared with the international standards. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for the improvement are deduced from this discussion. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2052543173 | The Impact of the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on Turkey's EU Candidacy | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052543173 | Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on Turkey's bid for membership with the European Union. The main hypothesis of the present study considers the objectives of the EU and examines whether its policy regarding the issue of human rights in Turkey is, indeed, based upon the efficacy of the liberal assumption that there is a genuine link between democracy, respect for human rights and international stability. In any other case, the issue of human rights might have been manipulated as a precondition that instead of determining Turkey's status, merely delays the processing of her application while keeping her at a close distance. | [
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"Turkey"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W275736931",
"https://openalex.org/W606598276",
"https://openalex.org/W643457218",
"https://openalex.org/W1852506180",
"https://openalex.org/W2889242836"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2150256545 | There has been a spate of litigation before constitutional and human rights courts challenging restrictions on wearing religious dress in state schools as an infringement of religious freedom rights. 1 These cases implicate deeper constitutional issues pertaining to State-Religion relations, religious pluralism and expressions of religious identity in the public domain of multicultural societies. Within Europe, this problem relates to the issue of integrating immigrants into national society and preserving secular political orders. The European Court of Human Rights in Leyla Sahin v Turkey 2 [‘ Sahin ’] noted that within democratic societies, opinions ‘reasonably differ widely’ on State-Religion relations, reflected in the diversity of national approaches. For example, the 2004 French law banning ostentatious religious symbols from public schools, 3 embodying a strict, doctrinaire secularism, contrasts sharply with the more accommodating liberal approach where British schools pragmatically offer students alternative uniforms to satisfy religious dress codes for public modesty. The English Court of Appeal in Shabina Begum v Governors of Denbigh High School 4 [‘ Begum ’] held, in applying the Human Rights Act, 5 that the school as a state institution was obliged to consider the claimant's religious rights under Article 9(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights [ECHR], and to justify its school policy under the Article 9(2) limitation clause. The United Kingdom is ‘not a secular state’ 6 as statute provides for religious education and worship in schools. | [
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https://openalex.org/W561798887 | Minorities, peoples and self-determination : essays in honour of Patrick Thornberry | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W561798887 | Contributors Introduction and Acknowledgements Alexandra Xanthaki and Nazila Ghanea, with Francesca Thornberry SECTION I. SELF-DETERMINATION AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Chapter 1: What are Indigenous Peoples? Martin Scheinin Chapter 2: The Right to Self-Determination: Meaning and Scope Alexandra Xanthaki Chapter 3: Self-Determination and the Use of Force Malcolm N. Shaw Chapter 4: Conceptual Difficulties and the Right to Indigenous Self-Determination Joshua Castellino Chapter 5: Indigenous Peoples' Rights to Land and Natural Resources Erica-Irene A. Daes Chapter 6: The World Bank and Indigenous Peoples Sia Spiliopoulou Akermark Chapter 7: Economic Solutions to Political Problems: The Case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Chandra Roy SECTION II. MINORITIES Chapter 8: Individuals, Collectivities and Rights Geoff Gilbert Chapter 9: Minorities, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, and Peoples: Definitions of Terms as a Matter of International Law Gudmundur Alfredsson Chapter 10: Integration and Separation: Legal and Political Choices in Implementing Minority Rights, Tom Hadden Chapter 11: Repressing Minorities and Getting Away with It? A Consideration of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Nazila Ghanea Chapter 12: Multiculturalism and Its Discontents Dominic McGoldrick Chapter 13: Colour as a Ground of Discrimination Michael Banton Chapter 14: The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities: Pyrometer, Prophylactic, Pyrosvestis John Packer Chapter 15: Council of Europe Policies Concerning the Protection of Linguistic Minorities and the Justiciability of Minority Rights Maria Amor Martin Estebanez Chapter 16: The African Union and the Prospects for Minority Protection Tim Murithi Chapter 17: The Kurdish Question in Turkey: Historical Roots, Domestic Concerns and International Law Bulent Gokay Bibliography. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1837845547 | The Paradox of Rights-Claiming: The Case of Mazlumder in Turkey | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Bihter Tomen",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
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] | [
"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1837845547 | This paper investigates the dynamics of making group rights claims using individual human rights discourse in the Turkish public sphere. Group claims that invoke universalist discourses are paradoxical. While some groups demand group rights, they frame these demands in terms of universal human rights claims. This paper highlights this paradox by looking at the dynamics of making group rights claims using individual human rights discourse with an empirical case study from Turkey. The study looks at the case of Mazlumder which is an Islamist human rights association in Turkey. The paper uses the qualitative case study method based on in-depth interviews with members of the group. Three themes that highlight the paradox emerge from the research: the emphasis on the rights-based discourse, their anti-state rhetoric and their interpretation of democracy. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S160301912",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2003493347 | The Leyla Şahin v. Turkey Case Before the European Court of Human Rights | [
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"display_name": "Talvikki Hoopes",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065433651"
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003493347 | The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was largely influenced by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as a more precise expression of human rights that members of the European Council could support and ratify. All of the members of the European Council have proceeded to sign the Convention. While the Convention has made great strides in bringing awareness to human rights issues, there are still doubts concerning how well religious freedoms are being preserved. The decision to uphold the banning of headscarves in certain universities in Turkey is an example of how religious freedom has been limited by the European Court of Human Rights' interpretation of Article 9. Article 9 states in paragraph 1: “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance”. This Article proceeds to state in paragraph 2, which has assumed central importance recently, “Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interest of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others”. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S59397192",
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https://openalex.org/W195605610 | Secularism and Human Rights: A Contextual Analysis of Headscarves, Religious Expression, and Women's Equality Under International Law | [
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W195605610 | This Article advocates an innovative contextual approach to assessing the international legality of bans in public schools on modest garments claimed by some to be required by religious beliefs for Muslim women. Too often this has been considered solely a question of religious freedom. This paper advocates the re-insertion of gender equality into the heart of the debate. To obtain the results most conducive to reconciling the human right to religious freedom and the human right to gender equality, it examines restrictions on headscarves and veils in a novel matrix of factors, including pressures on individual women to wear or not wear such gear, the impact on other female students, fundamentalist organizing targeting education, Islamophobia, and the multiple meanings of veiling. Applying the contextual approach, this Article argues that the European Court of Human Rights ruled correctly in Sahin v. Turkey when it upheld Istanbul University's ban on headscarves in context. The Article rebuts the sharp criticism of this decision from some human rights groups and asserts that secularism is vital for the implementation of women's human rights. | [
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https://openalex.org/W278865238 | Inconsistency and Impunity in International Human Rights Law: Can the International Criminal Court Solve the Problems Raised by the Rwanda and Augusto Pinochet Cases | [
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{
"display_name": "War crime",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195064531"
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] | [
"Turkey",
"Libya",
"Iraq",
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W278865238 | Representatives from 120 countries gathered in Rome in 1998 and drafted the statute for a future International Criminal Court (ICC) to judge those accused of genocide and other comparable crimes.1 In order for the court to become a reality, sixty nations must ratify the treaty before December 31, 2000.2 The ICC represents a giant step forward in the development of international human rights law that began with the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals following World War II, and the signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.3 Only seven nations, including Libya, China, Iraq, Israel and the United States, opposed creation of the new court while twenty-one others abstained from voting.4 This Note addresses the role the ICC will play in the development of international human rights law by examining its potential effects on solving problems of inconsistency and impunity which have dominated the field for the past fifty years. Looking at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the recent extradition hearings of former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet in England, this Note considers the way international human rights law is currently enforced. These cases, attempting to bring international criminals to justice over the past decade, demonstrate the inconsistent application of international human IMAGE FORMULA106 rights law. In the Rwandan situation, for example, international law is being enforced through a combination of national judicial systems and an international tribunal; in the Pinochet case justice was sought only in the courts of Spain and England.5 This Note examines the legal and sovereignty issues presented by these cases, concluding that benefits can be attained through a permanent international criminal court. Section I briefly examines the development of international criminal human rights law from the war trials following World War II to the recent developments of the 1990s. Section II then addresses the historical background of the Rwanda tribunal and the Pinochet case. Section III examines the drawbacks of the two cases by examining their role in destroying national sovereignty and expanding universal jurisdiction. Section IV analyzes the ICC Statute and argues that a permanent court may present a method for relieving some of the problems presented by other enforcement mechanisms. *. BACKGROUND OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW A. Pre-World War II International Criminal Trials and Treaties Although it is commonly believed that international criminal law is a creature of the twentieth century, the first international criminal court was established in Beisach, Germany in 1474.6 At the trial in this earliest court, judges of the Holy Roman Empire judged and condemned Peter von Hagenbach for allowing his troops to rape and kill innocent civilians and pillage their property.7 Hagenbach's defense was that he had been following the orders of his superiors.8 The court rejected this defense and sentenced him to death.9 Aside from the Hagenbach case, efforts to create and enforce international crimes against humanity were mostly unsuccessful prior to World War II. Following World War I, the Allied powers attempted to bring German war criminals, including Kaiser WilIMAGE FORMULA109 helm, to trial for committing acts of aggression.10 There was also an attempt to punish Turkey, Germany's ally during the war, for its genocide of Armenians living within the Ottoman Empire in 1915.11 Considerations concerning European stability and politics, however, made the trials of German war criminals untenable.12 In order to avoid humiliating Germany further, German authorities were allowed to try their war criminals in German courts.13 The attempt to prosecute Turkish officials before an international court was abandoned in 1923 at the Lausanne Conference, which officially ended the war with Turkey. … | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W642607322 | NGOs and the Struggle for Human Rights in Europe | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Loveday Hodson",
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] | [
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{
"display_name": "Linguistic rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C543595228"
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{
"display_name": "Right to property",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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] | [
"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W642607322 | 1 INTRODUCTION I. The Struggle for Rights II. The Struggle for Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights III. Vocabulary and Classification IV. Chapter Synopsis 2 THE LIMITS OF INDIVIDUALISM: NGOs AND THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS I. Introduction II. Individualism and the European Convention on Human Rights III. The Politics of Human Rights Litigation IV. NGOs and the International Human Rights Movement V. Beyond Individualism: A Fresh Approach to the European Convention on Human Rights VI. Conclusion 3 THE ROLE OF NGOs IN ECHR LITIGATION I. Introduction II. The Current Literature on NGOs and the ECHR III. A Brief Outline of the Adopted Methodology IV. The Incidence of NGO Involvement in the Sample Cases V. The Type of NGOs Involved in Litigation VI. The Type of Cases in which NGOs are Involved VII. The Success-Rate of NGO cases VIII. Conclusion 4 STATES OF IMPUNITY: THE ROLE OF NGOS IN ADDRESSING GROSS AND SYSTEMATIC VIOLATIONS OF THE CONVENTION I. Introduction II. The European Roma Rights Centre: Challenging Police Brutality Against the Roma III. The Kurdish Human Rights Project: Addressing Gross Human Rights Violations Against Turkish Kurds IV. Understanding the Involvement of NGOs in the Case Studies V. Recent Developments VI. Conclusion 5 'THE FIGHT THAT IS NEVER DONE': THE ROLE OF 'PURE HUMAN RIGHTS' ORGANISATIONS I. Introduction II. The AIRE Centre III. Liberty: Challenging Criminal Justice Reforms IV. Recent Developments V. Conclusion 6 'A DESIRE THAT NEVER ENDS': PRESSURE GROUPS AND THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS I. Introduction II. 'PESUE' and the Right to Family Life III. Stonewall: Lobbying for Gay Rights IV. Greenpeace and Environmental Rights V. Recent Developments VI. Conclusion 7 CONCLUSION I. Introduction II. The Research Findings III. The Limitations of NGOs as Litigators IV. Concluding Observations APPENDIX A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ADOPTED METHODOLOGY I. Introduction II. The Aims and Scope of the Research Project III. The Sample Analysed IV. The Quantitative Stage: Identifying NGO Participation V. The Qualitative Stage: Understanding NGO Participation VI. Final Observations | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W213107058 | Human rights in Europe : a fragmented regime? | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1562826840 | This Note examines the different approaches of the European and Inter-American Courts in assessing state liability for a violation of the right to life in disappearance cases. Part I discusses the phenomenon of disappearances. It also provides background on the European and Inter-American systems of human rights as well as on the concept of the right to life in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (”European Convention”) and in the American Conventions on Human Rights (”American Convention”). Finally, Part I examines the Inter-American Court’s approach to assessing state responsibility for disappearances in the Velasquez Rodriguez Case (”Velasquez Rodriguez”). Part II discusses the problem of disappearances in Turkey and then explores the European Court’s approach to adjudicating disappearances by examining three recent cases. Part III argues that the European Court’s approach to adjudicating disappearances is problematic and that the European Court should adopt the Inter-American Court’s model of adjudication to ensure the just determination of disappearance cases. | [
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https://openalex.org/W190413764 | The European Court of Human Rights: The Fair Trial Analysis Under Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights | [
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https://openalex.org/W4205249511 | Children’s Human Rights-based Climate Litigation at the Frontiers of Environmental and Children’s Rights | [
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https://openalex.org/W2526894867 | A Prisoner’s Right to be Released or Placed on Parole: A Comment on<i>Öcalan v Turkey (No. 2)</i>(18 March 2014) | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2526894867 | Abstract The European Convention on Human Rights does not provide for a prisoner’s right to parole and no international or regional human rights instrument provides for this right. However, recently, in the case of Öcalan v Turkey (No. 2) , one of the judges of the European Court of Human Rights interpreted the European Convention on Human Rights as providing for a prisoner’s right to parole. This is the first time that a judge of this court, and to the author’s best knowledge, a judge of a regional or international court, has expressly held that a prisoner has the right to parole. The author assesses this holding in the light of the jurisprudence or practice on the right to parole from the Human Rights Committee, and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. In order to put the discussion in context, the author also highlights jurisprudence emanating from the European Court of Human Rights relevant to the relationship between parole and other human rights. The author recommends that the time has come for the right to parole to be recognised in human rights instruments. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3123298963 | Secularism and Human Rights: A Contextual Analysis of Headscarves, Religious Expression, and Women's Equality Under International Law | [
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https://openalex.org/W4297876935 | Right to Identity | [] | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297876935 | According to the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the catalogue of human rights as it is expressed in the American Convention of Human Rights, as well as in all the other international codifications of human rights, contains a serious gap. It does not provide a particular right for the protection of identity. Therefore, the Court demands the creation of an unwritten human right to identity by case law in addition to the written codices of human rights in international law. The philosophers, lawyers and political scientists joined in this e-book discuss this assumption under different aspects and from different cultural and legal backgrounds (Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, and Turkey). The e-book contains contributions that analyze the meaning(s) of the concept "identity" based on an individual approach as well as on the basis of a collective approach. It deals with certain aspects of identity in the context of certain fields of positive law, including criminal law and family law, and it questions the real need for a new right to identity. | [
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https://openalex.org/W573300866 | The role of the nation-state in the 21st century : human rights, international organisations, and foreign policy : essays in honour of Peter Baehr | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W573300866 | Preface. Human Rights. Human Rights and the Challenge of Relevance: The Case of Collective Rights A.A. An-Na'im. 'Positive Obligations' Implied in the European Convention on Human Rights: Are the States Still the 'Masters' of the Convention? P. van Dijk. The United States' Reservations to the ICCPR International Law versus God's Own Constitution W. van Genugten. International Human Rights Obligations for Companies and Domestic Courts: An Unlikely Combination? F. van Hoof. 'History Stalks Before it Strikes': Tightened Identity and the Right to Self-Determination R.E. Howard. The Challenging Struggle for Fundamental Social Rights T. Jaspers. Out of Control. State Responsibility and Human Rights: Will the ILC's Definition of the 'Act of State' meet the Challenges of the 21st Century? R. Lawson. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and Women, with Particular Reference to Violence C. Medina. Migrant Workers as a 'New' Minority. Sociological and Legal Definition of Minority A. Michalska. The New Trend Towards Re-Politicising Human Rights M. Nowak. The Rights of the Child J. Smith. Non-State Entities and Human Rights within the Context of Nation-State in the 21st Century D. Weissbrodt. Combating Organised Crime in the Netherlands - The Ramola Case H. Werdmolder. Turkey and the European Convention on Human Rights L. Zwaak. The Nation-State, Human Rights and International Organisations. The Human Rights Committee's Concluding Observations I. Boerefijn. United Nations Strategies to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination A Sobering but not Hopeless Balance-Sheet T. van Boven. Human Rights and International Security: United Nations Field Operations Redux D.P. Forsythe. NGOs and Democratic Process in International Organisations L. Gordenker. Intergovernmental Organisations, the Nation-State and Minority Protection Possibilities and Obstacles for the 21st Century J. Herman. Peace Operations: New Opportunities for the United Nations to Promote and Protect Human Rights in the 21st Century H. Hey. The Challenge of Intervention on Behalf of Democracy H. Leurdijk. Sovereignty versus Human Rights? A Tale of UN Security Council Resolution 688 (1991) on the Protection of the Kurdish People N. Schrijver. Some Reflections on Human Rights and International Organisations M. van der Stoel. The Nation-State, Foreign Policy and Human Rights. What Sovereignty was Transferred to the Republic of Indonesia? H. Burgers. The Netherlands, the European Union and the Protection of Human Rights M.C. Castermans-Holleman. Human Rights, Globalisation, and the State J. Donnelly. Democracy and Foreign Policy: The Incompatibility Thesis Revisited P. Everts. Human Rights Violations: A Threat to International Peace and Security F. Grunfeld. How Realistic is the Realist's Position on Human Rights? A. van Staden. The Predictability of Foreign Policies: The British EMU Policy F.N. Stokman, R. Thomson. Peace Operations: Some Lessons for the Future J.J.C. Voorhoeve. European Politics in the 21st Century J. Zielonka. Bibliography. Index. | [] |
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450"
},
{
"display_name": "Citizenship",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780781376"
},
{
"display_name": "Multiculturalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542530943"
},
{
"display_name": "Minority rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776427498"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistic rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C543595228"
},
{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
"display_name": "Humanity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780422510"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
},
{
"display_name": "Right to property",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Religious studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] | [
"Turkey",
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W648669061 | Foreword Z.Arat 1. The Relationship between Nationalism and Human Rights: An Introduction to the Dimensions of the Debate G.Cheng 2. Human Rights as a Security Challenge: An Examination of Turkish Nationalist Discourse on Minority Rights Reformations B.?.Tekin 3. All in the Name of Human Rights: Australian Nationalism and Multiculturalism, 1980-1990 T.Whitford 4. Migrants at Home: The Impact of Israeli Land Policy and Patrilocal Residence on Palestinian Women in Israel L.Abou-Tabickh 5. National Rights, Minority Rights, and Ethnic Cleansing O.Dahbour 6. Cosmopolitan Citizenship as a Thin Concept: Who is Willing to Die for Humanity? F.Kartal 7. The Contradictions of Human Rights and Sovereignty: Contemporary Dilemmas of Postwar Historical Practice G.Cheng 8. Taming the Nation-State: Human Rights and Peoples M.Avila 9. Conclusion: Nationalism versus Human Rights F.Turkmen | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2788380881 | Right to Identity | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Paul Tiedemann",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060448529"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "Identity (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778355321"
},
{
"display_name": "International law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825"
},
{
"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
},
{
"display_name": "Common law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C170706310"
},
{
"display_name": "Right to property",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
},
{
"display_name": "Convention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745"
},
{
"display_name": "Meaning (existential)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
}
] | [
"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2788380881 | According to the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the catalogue of human rights as it is expressed in the American Convention of Human Rights, as well as in all the other international codifications of human rights, contains a serious gap. It does not provide a particular right for the protection of identity. Therefore, the Court demands the creation of an unwritten human right to by case law in addition to the written codices of human rights in international law. The philosophers, lawyers and political scientists joined in this e-book discuss this assumption under different aspects and from different cultural and legal backgrounds (Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, and Turkey). The e-book contains contributions that analyze the meaning(s) of the concept identity based on an individual approach as well as on the basis of a collective approach. It deals with certain aspects of in the context of certain fields of positive law, including criminal law and family law, and it questions the real need for a new right to identity. | [] |
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