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https://openalex.org/W2093399699 | The Exclusionary Logic of the Welfare State | [
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"display_name": "Zeev Rosenhek",
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"Israel"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093399699 | This article examines the ways in which exclusionary practices with regard to Palestinian citizens were institutionalized in one of the most central components of the Israeli welfare state: the child allowance scheme. Different child allowance programmes are studied in a historical perspective, analysing patterns of implicit and formal exclusion. Following theories which refer to the political economy of the welfare state, the article focuses on the connection between exclusionary practices and the shaping of the stratification structure in advanced capitalist societies. It is argued that the partial exclusion of Palestinian citizens has been patterned by the interaction between two analytically distinct logics: the Zionist logic of the Israeli state, and the inner logic of the welfare state as a stratificatory mechanism. | [
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"display_name": "International Sociology",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2146223300 | Public Housing as Control: Spatial Policy of Settling Immigrants in Israeli Development Towns | [
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"display_name": "Erez Tzfadia",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2146223300 | This paper examines the relationship between inter-ethnic power relations and public housing policy for immigrants in Israel since 1948. Based on a comparative analysis of Israeli policy of housing Mizrahi immigrants in the 1950s and Russian immigrants in the 1990s, the paper argues that despite the perceived decline in the state's capacity, the implication of public housing policy has remained unchanged since the 1950s. By moving Jewish immigrants into development towns in sparsely populated and overwhelmingly Palestinian regions of the country, Israeli policy has served to Judaize these regions and to reinforce ethnic stratification among the country's Jewish population. In this manner, Israeli public housing policy was neither consistent with conceptions of post-Second World War public housing policies in welfare states nor with the recent impact of globalization and the free-market dynamics on public housing policies. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S39476178",
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https://openalex.org/W2031629764 | Fundamentalism's encounters with citizenship: the<i>Haredim</i>in Israel | [
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"display_name": "Nurit Stadler",
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"display_name": "Edna Lomsky‐Feder",
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"display_name": "Eyal Ben‐Ari",
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"Israel"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031629764 | This paper centers on the challenge that fundamentalist groups – such as the Israeli ultra-Orthodox community (the Haredim) – pose for citizenship. It focuses on two issues: challenges centering on contribution to and sacrifice for the Israeli nation-state; and alternatives that fundamentalism poses to definitions of citizenship. Empirically, it is based on research in three arenas: service in the Israeli military; a voluntary organization aiding state agencies after terror attacks (ZAKA), and a charitable association offering help in health and social welfare (Yad Sarah). Two trends – challenges to concepts of security and the state, and the weakening of the state in the economic sphere and social services – have opened up spaces for fundamentalist groups to operate in civil society and complement the state. The Haredi community has gradually developed a new concept of inclusion that both fits the state-centred view of citizenship and their own fundamentalist perspective. | [
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"display_name": "Citizenship Studies",
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https://openalex.org/W577897830 | The Israeli Third Sector: Between Welfare State and Civil Society | [
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"display_name": "Hagai Katz",
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W577897830 | 1. Introduction. 2. The Two Faces of the Israeli Third Sector - A Quantitative Profile. 3. The Policy Environment of the Third Sector in Israel. 4. Historical Development of the Third Sector - Continuity and Change. 5. The Welfare State and the Third Sector in Israel. 6. The Third Sector and Civil Society in Israel. 7. Summary and Conclusion. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2169136215 | Migrant Care Workers in Israel: Between Family, Market, and State | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2169136215 | In the early 1990s, Israel opened its gates to migrant guest workers who were invited to work, on a temporary basis, in the agriculture, construction, and in-home care sectors. The in-home care sector developed quickly during those years due to the introduction of migrant workers coupled with the creation of a new welfare state benefit: a longterm care benefit that subsidized the employment of in-home care workers to assist dependent elderly and disabled Israelis. This article examines the legal and public policy ramifications of the transformation of Israeli families caused by the influx of migrant care workers into Israeli homes. Exploring the relationship between welfare, immigration, and employment laws, on the one hand, and marketized and non-marketized care relationships, on the other, it reveals the intimate links between public policy, 'private' families, and defamilialization processes. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2059105337 | Privatisation and New Modes of State Intervention: The Long-Term Care Programme in Israel | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059105337 | This article analyses the formulation and implementation of a relatively new statutory programme of care services for dependent elderly people in Israel, which has as a basic characteristic the supply of services by non-state agencies. The analysis serves as a basis for an exploration of the effects of privatisation and the emergence of quasi-markets upon the functioning of the welfare state both as a benefits provider and as a major employer. In contrast to the perspectives that consider privatisation as leading to the weakening of the state in the welfare domain, we argue that through the transfer of services supplied by non-state agencies the state protects itself from demands and pressures from clients, while maintaining its control and regulation capabilities. This process decreases the state's accountability towards its citizens, enhancing in turn its autonomy. Privatisation policies do not imply, therefore, the dissolution of the welfare state, but rather the emergence of a new mode of state intervention. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2152431317 | God, Globalization, and Geopolitics: On West Jerusalem's Gated Communities | [
{
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{
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152431317 | Over the last two decades West Jerusalem's city centre has undergone wide-scale privatization of space which is expressed, for instance, in the extensive construction of gated-community housing compounds. This is a global process which can be seen in many cities where neoliberal policies are implemented, resulting in the expansion of the elite's private capital on the one hand and the weakening of the welfare state as part of globalization processes on the other. However, this explanation is not sufficient when analyzing the privatization of space in West Jerusalem's city centre, which is spatially and politically part of the ongoing Israeli—Arab conflict. In other words, my argument is that the case of West Jerusalem illustrates a combination both of local ethnosecurity discourses and of global neoliberal urban policies which do not contradict each other, but rather are complementary. | [
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https://openalex.org/W608104821 | The challenge of diversity: integration and pluralism in societies of immigration. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2095886390 | Black‐market Medicine and Public Opinion Towards the Welfare State: Evidence from Israel | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095886390 | Abstract Based on a survey and interviews, this article presents and analyses Israeli public opinion toward black‐market medicine (BMM) and the welfare state. In addition to providing quantitative and qualitative evidence of the existence of under‐the‐table payments in Israel, we suggest various insights into this phenomenon. While most citizens admit that they would consider making under‐the‐table payments in order to receive preferential medical treatment, when the questions mention words such as ‘illegal’ or ‘bribe’, respondents tend to be less tolerant of such activities. We find that, first, there is a basic willingness among Israeli citizens to use BMM. Second, despite this predilection, Israeli citizens are reluctant to articulate their willingness to engage in such illegal activities. This reluctance implies the existence of a moral barrier among the population as far as identifying themselves with illegal behaviour is concerned. We may infer the existence of a gap between declared attitudes and behaviour. Third, the fact that people's willingness to engage in BMM is greater than their willingness to adopt black‐market strategies in other areas signifies the special nature of health care. Finally, by connecting the phenomenon of BMM to public opinion regarding the welfare state, we point to a possible gap between normative attitudes and preferences produced by structural conditions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2161156987 | Privatization Through Centralization in the Israeli Health Care System | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2161156987 | This article addresses a policy paradox that characterizes many health care systems and the Israeli system in particular, that is, the existence of two parallel yet seemingly contradictory policy trends: reducing public financing for health care services while increasing governmental involvement in health-system management. The authors characterize this process as privatization through centralization; that is, to control welfare-state expenses and be able to reduce them, the government must first control the funding and management of welfare-state mechanisms and organizations. They develop a theoretical rationale for explaining this policy paradox and demonstrate it through analyzing the legislative changes that followed the legislation of the National Health Insurance Law in Israel. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2018070689 | Immigration, State Support, and the Economic Well-Being of the Elderly in Israel | [
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https://openalex.org/W2039421594 | The state approach to Jewish and non‐Jewish education in Israel | [
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https://openalex.org/W2102203561 | The Public Sector, Family Structure, and Labor Market Behavior | [
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https://openalex.org/W2001455095 | “We are Talking about Saving Lives”: The Welfare State, Health Care Policy, and Nongovernability—A Case Study of an Israeli Hospital | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001455095 | Literature about welfare states worldwide, and specifically in Israel, emphasizes economic and political variables and the importance of ideology in explaining a given social policy in those societies. According to this literature, ideology and strategic long-term goals account for the waning of the Israeli welfare state since the 1970s. At the same time, for upwards of a decade, the literature dealing with Israeli public policy has emphasized that Israeli society suffers from a crisis of "nongovernability" and a political culture that is characterized by illegality. The author defines nongovernability as the inability to formulate public policy and implement it effectively over time. In such an environment, long-term strategic considerations based on a coherent ideology take a back seat to short-term considerations in the conduct of the various players in the public policy arena. The author discusses the building of a hospital in Ashdod as a case study in nongovernability. The hospital's construction was steeped in political intrigue based wholly on short-term considerations and was built in a political culture characterized by either illegality or outright rejection of the law. This behavior is characteristic of Israeli politicians, bureaucrats, and interest groups. The author maintains that the creation of this hospital is emblematic of the Israeli health care policy overall, a policy shaped by bottom-up processes whose defining characteristic is a political culture based on illegality and narrow, short-term interests. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2079692728 | Understanding the Pattern of Support for the Elderly: | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079692728 | Cross-cultural comparison can offer critical input to analyses of the interplay between formal and informal services for the elderly. Israel and Sweden have very different population structures and represent different points on the spectrum of welfare state development: Sweden has a much higher percentage of elderly, a less traditional family structure, and a much more developed system of public support. In addition, there are thought to be different attitudes toward family ties, with a less family-oriented value structure in Sweden. The natural question is to what extent these differences translate into differences in the extent and nature of family support for the elderly. In this article, family structure, living arrangements, disability rates, and formal and informal sources of help in Sweden and Israel are compared at various points in time. While there is a greater rate of formal service provision in Sweden and some substitution for family support seems to have occurred, informal care has nevertheless remained important. In both countries, residential patterns are critical: it is when the elderly live alone that the formal system has tended to replace the family. The rate of institutionalization is particularly important in determining the rate of disabled elderly requiring care, both formal and informal, in the community. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2103975156 | Women, Welfare and Civil Society Organizations: Creating an Alternative Women's Welfare Sphere in Israel | [
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https://openalex.org/W1975245145 | The Welfare State East and West | [
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https://openalex.org/W1598972001 | Perceived pension injustice: A multidimensional model for two most-different cases | [
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https://openalex.org/W2092514661 | How well does a partnership in pensions really work? The Israeli public/private pension mix | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092514661 | This paper takes the old-age pension system in Israel as a test case to examine the implications of proposals for pension reform now being debated or implemented in many welfare states. For over a decade, high on the agenda of decision-makers on both national and international levels, there has been the notion of moving towards a changing ‘partnership in pensions’ or, to put it more bluntly, towards greater privatisation of social security. Virtually since its emergence in the 1950s, the Israeli old-age pension has been based primarily upon a mix of low universal state pensions and income-related private occupational pensions. This paper compares the British and Israeli social security systems for older people in the wake of the reforms recently introduced in Britain and analyses the implications of the Israeli structure on the distribution of social security spending and on the wellbeing of different categories of older individuals. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2151010024 | Migration Regimes, Intra-State Conflicts, and the Politics of Exclusion and Inclusion: Migrant Workers in the Israeli Welfare State | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2151010024 | This article examines the politics of exclusion and inclusion of migrant workers in the welfare state within the context of the migration regime dominant in Israel. The study shows that while the policy implemented is marked by strong exclusionary practices, some state agencies endorse and implement inclusionary approaches that contradict the basic assumptions of the migration regime. This inconsistency is analyzed considering the distinct institutional interests of different state agencies. This conceptualization of the state as a heterogeneous institutional complex sheds light on the complexities of the politics of exclusion and inclusion. It is concluded that, even in cases in which the migration regime is strongly associated with restrictive ethno-national conceptions of membership, certain state agencies develop institutional interests that lead to inclusionary approaches. These approaches, in turn, can create openings leading to the partial inclusion of migrant workers in the welfare state. At a more general level, the study contributes to the examination of policy innovations that depart from the principles of dominant institutional settings, arguing that new interests and agendas developed by state agencies play a crucial role in these processes. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2517531131 | Do Public Officials Trust Citizens? A Welfare State Perspective | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2517531131 | Abstract In this exploratory study , we investigate whether public sector officials and non‐public sector officials differ in the trust they have in members of society and whether this difference is associated with the welfare regime in which they work. Using survey data from the sixth round of the European Social Survey , we compare public sector officials ' trust to that of non‐public sector officials in 13 countries with four different forms of welfare regimes. Our results demonstrate that public officials have a higher level of trust than non‐public officials do. Furthermore , trust among both public and non‐public sector officials is much higher in social‐democratic regimes , followed by corporatist countries , liberal regimes , Israel ( as a unique case ) and , lastly , southern European regimes. As expected , public officials ' degree of trust reflects the general trends of their societies. Interestingly , in social‐democratic regimes , differences between trust among public and non‐public officials are the highest compared to the other regimes. In addition , an individual‐level analysis in five countries illustrative of each welfare regime indicates that while income , belonging to a minority group , and age are significant factors in explaining public officials ' trust , socio‐demographic variables contribute little to the differences between public and non‐public officials. Given the critical role of trust in the functioning of the welfare state , our results imply that further awareness and mechanisms for increasing the degree of trust of citizens among public officials are warranted. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W1805455027 | Changing Patterns in the Distribution of Economic Welfare | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1805455027 | This 1997 book examines the income distributional experience of fifteen developed economies - representing a wide range of social and economic strategies - over the past two decades. Experts from each of the countries have carefully documented the pattern of distributional change in individual earnings and household income in their countries and analysed the driving forces behind these changes. Separate chapters are devoted to the experiences of Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, West and former East Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The authors examine the effects on the inequality of household income of the development of individual earnings, unemployment, inflation, public sector transfers and taxes, and demographic changes. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2127549272 | The Political Economy of Social Insurance: Towards a Fiscal-Centred Framework | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2127549272 | Abstract This article draws attention to social insurance (SI) as a revenue raising institution, and explores the potential merits of drawing on new fiscal sociology for studying the development of SI systems. This is done by revisiting previous research conducted in Germany, the USA, Finland and Israel and by offering a new reading of their findings. The reviewed cases support two interlocking claims drawn from new fiscal sociology to the study of SI. The first is that state actors may perceive SI as an extraction instrument and employ it to advance fiscal and/or economic interests other than covering the costs of SI schemes. The second is that the design and management of contribution policies for such purposes may have substantial ramifications for the development of SI schemes. In addition, while current understandings tend to associate fiscal concerns with welfare state retrenchment, this article shows that they can also play a major role in driving welfare state expansion. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2799987028 | The challenge of conceptualizing affordable housing: definitions and their underlying agendas in Israel | [
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https://openalex.org/W880360092 | God and the Welfare State - Substitutes or Complements? An Experimental Test of the Effect of Belief in God's Control | [
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https://openalex.org/W2084867982 | Neighborhood Organizations, the Welfare State, and Citizenship Rights | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2166297741 | This article uses a constructivist approach to scrutinize embedded actions of situated agents of governance to explore the governing of activation services in Israel. It probes beliefs, discourses, and practices of meso-level regulation administrators and street-level workers to analyze the emergence of a new stringent and disciplinary activation mode. Ultimately, this activation mode reconfigured the “social contract” between the state and its unemployed citizens via intensive intimacies: a conflicted microspace governed with little discretion and imbued with a reformative vision of state–society relations. The article demonstrates how situated agents’ meaning-making is essential to examining shifting governance forms and their political ramifications. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1585903020 | Poverty, Government Policy and Public Opinion in Britain and Israel: A Comparative Analysis | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1585903020 | What are the effects of public opinion on social welfare policies? To what extent is increased financial strain associated with stronger support for anti-poverty policies? This article tests welfare state theory by comparing poverty, government policy and public opinion on poverty in the UK and Israel, based on rich and detailed comparable survey data on the conditions of the poor in both countries. The results show that, despite similar levels of income poverty and inequality, the poor have a considerably lower standard of living in Israel than the UK. There is considerably greater public support for the poor in Israel but limited government action to end poverty, whereas in the UK there is more limited public support for the poor but significant government action on poverty and exclusion. In both countries there appears to be only a limited connection between social solidarity with the poor and the political elite's rhetoric and action. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S31120751",
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https://openalex.org/W2625410102 | Interrupting gradual institutional change: how ‘continuity agents’ have stalled and even reversed gradual welfare-state reforms in Israel | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2625410102 | Various influential studies demonstrate the political power of mechanisms of gradual institutional change, such as layering, drift and conversion, in overcoming the pressures of institutional continuity and driving major policy reforms and welfare-state reforms in particular. This article contributes to this body of work by focusing on the inherent possibilities for political contestation that such gradual change mechanisms are likely to generate. The authors argue that characteristics of gradual change mechanisms – their long duration, cumulative character and the presence of pre-change institutions – are likely to enable the opposition of ‘continuity agents’ and provide them with political opportunities to stall or even reverse gradual institutional changes. The authors demonstrate these theoretical assertions through an in-depth study of two gradually implemented welfare-state reforms in Israel: the welfare-to-work reform, which was eventually reversed by its opponents, and the privatization of housing for people with intellectual disabilities, which has been stalled by its adversaries. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2106028117 | <i>Arab Labor</i>'s alternative vision: the ‘liberal bargain’ in the welfare state of Israel | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106028117 | Abstract This study focuses on ‘Independence Day’, an episode of Arab Labor (first season, 2008), a pioneer bilingual Hebrew-Arabic satirical Israeli TV series, written by Sayed Kashua, an Arab-Israeli author and journalist. Arab Labor was a breakthrough in the Israeli popular TV scape, where, as a rule, Arab-Israeli citizens are either depicted stereotypically, or as symbolically ‘extinct’. Broadcast in primetime, the series exposed Jewish-Israeli viewers for the first time to AI petit bourgeoisies – a middle-class Arab-Israeli ‘normative’ family. The episode is a core example of the way in which satire is employed to promote the ‘liberal bargain’ between the Jewish democratic liberal state and its Arab-Israeli citizens, depicting a lifestyle vacillating between hybrid multilayered identity options, within the complex, often difficult reality of the Arab-Israeli citizens in Israel. Methodology combined both integrated CDA and focus groups, in order to reveal the modes in which deep cultural constructs are embodied in the episode, and to explore how these representation modes are deciphered by middle-class academic Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Israeli female viewers. As opposed to the prevailing extreme nationalism accompanied by multiculturalism, to a large degree as a consequence of neo-liberal economy, our analysis and findings reveal that Arab Labor suggests an alternative vision for Israeli society: the ‘liberal bargain’, which favours liberalism and cultural pluralism within a welfare nation state, in which disputes and conflicts are peacefully resolved. | [
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https://openalex.org/W573854649 | Immigrants and Bureaucrats: Ethiopians in an Israeli Absorption Center | [
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"display_name": "Esther Hertzog",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563"
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] | [
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W573854649 | Since Israel is primarily a country of immigrants, the state takes on the responsibility for the settlement and integration of each new group. It therefore sees its role as benevolent and indispensable to the welfare of the immigrants. This be true to some extent. However, the overwhelming effect, the author argues, is exactly the opposite: in her study of Ethiopian immigrants she reaches the conclusion that the absorption centers, which are central to Israeli immigration policy, present an extreme case of bureaucratic control over immigrants; they hinder rather than facilitate integration through the creation of power-dependence relations, with immigrants - whose lives and social structures are constantly interfered with by the officials - being cast as weak, defenseless and needy. They are reduced to helpless charges of these officials whose main goals are to expand and perpetuate their respective organizations and to consolidate their own positions within them. Thus the absorption centers, rather than furthering integration, create dependence on state control and social segregation. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2806491966 | The migrant in the market: Care penalties and immigration in eight liberal welfare regimes | [
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"display_name": "Naomi Lightman",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2806491966 | This article disaggregates high- and low-status care work across eight liberal welfare regimes: Australia, Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Using Luxembourg Income Study data, descriptive and multivariate analyses provide support for a ‘migrant in the market’ model of employment, notwithstanding variation across countries. The data demonstrate a wage penalty in both high- and low-status care employment in several liberal welfare regimes, with the latter (service jobs in health, education and social work) more likely to be part-time and situated in the private sector. Migrant care workers are found to work disproportionately in low-status, low-wage types of care and, in some cases, to incur additional wage penalties compared to native-born care workers with equivalent human capital. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S187013691",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2503984611 | A categorical immigration policy: welfare, integration and the production of inequality1 | [
{
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{
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] | [
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2503984611 | Abstract This chapter explores the unique immigration-policy model that was adopted in Israel as a contribution to the understanding of the connection between social and immigration policies in European welfare states. The discussion uses an institutional perspective to present a detailed study that explains the emergence and endurance of the categorical welfare system of Israeli immigrants. It also analyses the implications of this categorical system for immigrants and other sectors of Israeli society. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the relevance of the Israeli case for European welfare states. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2009641487 | Multiculturalism and the Erosion of Support for the Universalistic Welfare State: The Israeli Experience | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009641487 | This article addresses the existing tension between multiculturalism, i.e., the accommodation of different cultural, ethnic, and religious traditions, and the support for a universalistic welfare state. The universalistic welfare state and its distributional activities reflect the institutional expression of the modern state's commitment to the welfare of all its citizens and their integration into the national community. The bonds of belonging to the general national community seem, however, to be seriously weakened by the ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity nowadays dividing some modern western societies and seem thus to be inimical for the support of the universal welfare state and its integrative functions. These tensions are explored within the context of Israeli society. Many critics claim that multiculturalism has its limits. The particular claim made in this article is that the ethno-cultural diversity of Israeli society strongly affects the commitment of the population to a universalistic welfare state, weakening the support for it. This becomes of particular importance at times when the country is in the process of rapidly changing its traditional social democratic welfare regime to a mainly liberal, American, style of welfare regime. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2583427080 | The fiscal politics of welfare state expansion: The case of social insurance in Israel | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2583427080 | Through a new perspective that draws on the theoretical insights of Fiscal Sociology, the article explores the role of fiscal imperatives for periods of welfare state expansion. By tracing the process of social insurance (SI) financing decisions in the early 1970s, a critical juncture in the development of the Israeli welfare state, the article challenges the implicit assumption in the literature that SI financing is solely aimed at covering the costs of its programmes. The findings show that SI contributions can be driven by ‘nonsocial’ motives related to the state’s broader fiscal concerns. Furthermore, and in contrast to the tendency to associate fiscal imperatives with retrenchment policies and austerity, the article shows that fiscal relations between the state and its SI system can have also positive effects on the welfare state, leading to new entitlements and increased expenditures. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3120972830 | The Evolution of the Israeli Third Sector: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis | [
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"https://openalex.org/W2759414745",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3120972830 | Abstract The expansion and development of the nonprofit sector worldwide in the 1980s and 1990s did not bypass Israel, and, as in other countries, sparked an interest for study to uncover its characteristics and major features. The Israeli population—both Jewish and Arab—has a rich tradition of voluntaristic activity on the individual as well as on the collective (organizational) levels, mostly in the communal context. The modern welfare state created new opportunities and new challenges for such activity within the broad framework of the nonprofit sector. This article aims to review the development of the nonprofit sector in Israel and analyze it within existing nonprofit theories. It takes a historical perspective in looking at its evolution, in light of political, social, ideological, and economic changes in the world and in the country. It discusses the development of policy and government involvement on the one hand and the unique features of Israeli philanthropy, both Jewish and Arab, on the other. It analyzes Israel’s civil society and social movements, as well as social entrepreneurship and their expression in the Third Sector. The article also covers the development of research and education on the Third Sector; it includes a review of research centers, databases, journals, and specific programs that were developed by Israeli universities. Finally, this article summarizes the characteristics of the nonprofit sector in Israel. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2027440949 | State and Welfare Groups: Competition or Cooperation? Some Observations on the Israeli Scene | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"https://openalex.org/W260525095",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027440949 | Voluntary welfare associations (VWAs) act both as pressure groups trans mitting demands from citizens to state and as functional groups cooperating with government in the formulation and implementation of public policies. Pressure is employed within the pluralist configuration, in which VWAs retain their autonomy vis-à-vis the state. Concerted action and partnership between state and associations occur under corporatism. In each model, a certain cost-benefit balance emerges. Under corporatism, the state devolves power in order to obtain legitimacy; associations forfeit their autonomy in order to gain integrated participation. Under pluralism, the state trades power for legitimacy; associations retain their autonomy at the expense of participation in decision making. This article examines the relevance of these ideas to the Israeli context. The corporatist relationship was expected to prevail when VWAs performed primary functions. When they fulfilled complementary roles, the relationship should tend to be pluralistic. These expectations were examined on eight VWAs, divided equally between the health (primary) and the handicapped (complementary) domains. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4236370512 | Paving the Way to Neoliberalism | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4236370512 | The chapter adopts a historical and sociological perspective and institutional political economy to explain the inability of the Zionist labor movement to adapt to democratic conditions following Israeli sovereignty. In the 1970s and early 1980s the Histadrut (peak association of labor) and large private employers formed a distributional coalition against the state which eroded its autonomy and contributed to economic crisis. When the strong and stagnant labor institutions became a political burden on Labor Party leaders, they initiated the dismantling of the Histadrut economy and welfare state, including privatization of enterprises and pension funds, and the nationalization of health services. The chapter highlights the critical role of domestic political processes for explaining neo-liberalization of the economy and the rebuilding of state autonomy in Israel, and explains the irony that politicians on the Left played a more decisive role than those on the Right. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3124405642 | Regulating life and death: the case of Israel's "Health Basket" Committee. | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3124405642 | The United States like all Western nations faces tough problems regarding healthcare: with rapidly rising costs, the majority of the population is struggling to obtain good quality yet affordable medical treatment. There is growing pressure on the state to intervene by regulation or finance to allow the greatest number of people possible to enjoy health benefits. Israel, a nation providing state-subsidized universal healthcare, is struggling with the just the same problems. After introducing the general themes of Israeli health care system, the paper presents two of its unique and features. First, the one official committee charged with annually expanding the Israeli healthcare services 'basket', on a budget. And, conversely, the Israeli policy decision to generously finance fertility treatment. Both features are noteworthy for students of healthcare and welfare policies. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2119831536 | Unravelling the Politics of Activation Reforms: Exploring the Unusual Israeli Trajectory | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119831536 | Abstract Contemporary active labour market (ALM) reforms are pivotal in the reorganization of the welfare state as they challenge and threaten some of the fundamental achievements of labour in capitalist societies: social programmes and entitlements that compensate for unemployment, and governance arrangements in which the social partners share authority and responsibility with the state. Consequently, ALM reforms may give raise to social unrest and political struggle that involves the state (the main proponent of ALM reforms), trade unions and political parties. These conflicts are important in the politicization of reforms, i.e. raising public awareness of and engagement with controversies of welfare state change. In this article, we use a non‐European perspective to ask more generally how distinct historical institutions create separate ‘politicization trajectories’ of ALM reforms, which in turn produce different policy designs and outcomes. Centring on the case of Israel, in which historically ‘abnormal’ class politics fostered indifference to the reform in both trade unions and political parties, we maintain that the preliminary de‐politicization made it possible for bureaucrats to control the reform, leading to an intra‐state conflict between competing agencies over its design and implementation. The usurpation of the reform by the Ministry of Finance made it conspicuously unbalanced, provoking many grievances. Paradoxically, the de‐politicization of the reform advanced its re‐politicization, led by non‐governmental advocacy organizations in civil society. These uncommon political actors in the politics of ALM reforms were able to lead a counter‐coalition, delegitimize the reform, and mobilize politicians to eventually terminate activation | [
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https://openalex.org/W2170683072 | Fathers at a Crossroads: The Combined Effect of Organizational and Cultural Factors on the Making of Gender-Related Policy | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170683072 | Journal Article Fathers at a Crossroads: The Combined Effect of Organizational and Cultural Factors on the Making of Gender-Related Policy Get access Nadav Perez-Vaisvidovsky Nadav Perez-Vaisvidovsky * 1School of Social work, Ashkelon Academic College, Israel2School of Social work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel *[email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, Volume 20, Issue 3, Fall 2013, Pages 407–429, https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxt012 Published: 07 August 2013 | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065852051 | 'Transnationalism', 'globalization', etc. have been adopted by the postmodern anthropologists as providing conceptual evidence for a world that defies understanding in historical, political economy, or structural, terms. Thus, for Dan Rabinowitz (2001) ERS 24(1) 'subjectivity' reigns, transnationalism displaces the state in analysis, and the Palestinian citizens of Israel are discussed as 'a trapped minority'. I critique Rabinowitz's essentialist subjectivity which denies the Palestinian citizens rational, objective, comprehension of their situation, while emphasizing the key role of Israeli statism, alongside the state's welfare and citizens' rights components, and show that our common future lies in our joint, Jewish-Arab, active opposition to Israeli external and internal militaristic-nationalistic policies. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2074441186 | Institutionalizing Institutionalization: | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074441186 | The pattern of group care in Israel today has its ideological and pragmatic roots in the pre-State. Mandate period. The utopian exuberance of the 1920s led to the creation of model "children's villages" which later expanded rapidly to meet the crisis demands of the 1930s and 1940s. A process of mass institutionalizat ion and bureaucratic inflexibility gradually took over. bul the ideological commitment to colleclive group care has remained central in Israeli child welfare services. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2148816480 | Disabling Ideas - Disabling Policies: The Case of Disability Employment Policy in the Newly Established Israeli State | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148816480 | Abstract By integrating a social perspective of disability with an ideational approach to social policy, the present study seeks to illuminate the central role of ideas in shaping disability policy. Using employment policy towards civilian disabled people in the newly established Israeli State (1948–65) as a case study, this examination highlights the key role played by the Israeli welfare system in excluding disabled people and structuring the disability category. This case illustrates how the paradigmatic perception of disability, loaded with patronizing attitudes towards the new Mizrachi immigrants, operated both as ‘cognitive locks’ and as a means for gradual yet transformative change. It is argued that this kind of ideational change is best identified and interpreted by assuming that paradigms are relational in nature. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2225533667 | Immigration and the Welfare State: Israel in Comparative Context | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2225533667 | Despite the centrality of the integration of immigrants in Israeli society and the relatively high proportion of immigrants in the Israeli population, there has been little research on the nexus between immigration policy and the welfare state in the Israeli context. This paper seeks to explore this nexus by comparing the link between immigration and the welfare state in Israel to other settler nations specifically Australia, Canada and the U.S. These countries are all exceptional as welfare states in that they encourage immigration; they have a relatively high proportion of citizens who were born in other countries; and they can be characterized, by and large, as liberal welfare states. The comparative approach of this paper will be utilized to explain why poverty amongst immigrants in Israel is relatively low, both in comparison to other population groups in Israel, and in comparison to immigrants in other welfare state countries. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3138139941 | Is There a Link between Welfare Regime and Attitudes toward Climate Policy Instruments? | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138139941 | We explore the relationship between welfare regime and climate policy attitudes. The synergy hypothesis suggests that social and environmental policies can reinforce each other. Thus, more universal and generous welfare state model (i.e., welfare regime) is said to provide especially fertile ground for advancing climate policies. Using multilevel modeling and European Social Survey Round 8 data (including 23 countries in Europe and Israel), we test whether this hypothesis applies at the attitudinal level. Moreover, we hypothesize that country-level political trust predicts support for climate policy instruments. The study focuses on three instruments: fossil fuel taxation, subsidizing renewable energy, and banning energy-inefficient household appliances. The results indicate that welfare regime is significantly related to attitudes toward taxation, but less significantly toward subsidizing and banning. Political trust predicted support for all instruments, but the effect was particularly strong for taxation. The results highlight the importance of welfare structures in climate politics. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1997327302 | Labor Welfare in Israel | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997327302 | This article links transformations in the strength and influence of the Histadrut, the trade union federation in Israel, to changes in occupational welfare in that country. Fringe benefits and other forms of occupational welfare have traditionally played a major role in both the incomes of employees and the labor costs of employers in the Israeli labor market, and are integral and crucial elements in the welfare state. However, the extent of these benefits and the proportion of employees with access to them changed dramatically over the last three decades. During the golden age of the trade union movement (which began prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and continued until the mid-1970s) an elaborate and comprehensive occupational welfare system was established. It provided extensive fringe benefits, access to health insurance, labor rights for employees in the primary sectors of the economy, and was based upon corporatist style agreements between the government, the trade union federation and private sector employers. Yet rapid liberalization of the Israeli economy and political upheavals, that ended Labor movement dominance in politics, led to the disintegration of the centralized corporatist labor relations system, a decline in the levels of unionization, and the weakening of the Histadrut. The result of this was extremely limited access to occupational welfare on the part of non-unionized workers, particularly those with temporary jobs in the private sector, and for migrant workers. By contrast, the occupational welfare system for organized workers in the government sector has remained largely intact despite the Histadrut's weakness, while employees in the significant hi-tech sector enjoy a wide range of employer initiated fringe benefits. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2044338532 | Discourse of need: The case of Child Support (Payment Assurance) | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044338532 | The study examines the effect of discourse on the social rights of mothers and children in the Israeli welfare state. The issue was investigated through Israel's Child Support (Payment Assurance) Law, which ensures child support by the state in case of non-payment by the debtor (usually the father). According to this law, mothers and children are guaranteed a modest allowance, while the National Insurance Institute assumes responsibility for collection of payment from the debtor. However, over time, the law has failed to reflect commitment to a horizontal and egalitarian division of resources. The discourse which emerges from the researched material shows that the law was justified through arguments of need, rather than through emphasis on the rights of children to sufficient protection by the state. Thus, the discourse of need generated a fragile law that offers feeble rights. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021678771 | Abstract This article proposes a theoretical mechanism for explaining why various components of a welfare state may develop differently, given similar economic, political and ideological contexts. Evaluating welfare state plans as products of political processes, the article looks at the role of political actors and their mistakes, considering how these mistakes shape future social policy‐making. The article identifies ‘unexpected consequences’ of institutional design: situations where the decisions of powerful actors lead to the empowerment of their rivals, which in turn may change policies to their advantage. Drawing on a case study from the Israeli welfare state, namely, the introduction and then abolishment of income testing in the Children's Insurance Plan, the article demonstrates how this mechanism may have allowed certain political actors to protect welfare state plans in the face of neo‐liberal pressures. It discusses how other political actors can take advantage of similar situations and notes the conditions needed for success. | [
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https://openalex.org/W620428226 | International Migration: Trends, Policy and Economic Impact | [
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"Israel"
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https://openalex.org/W2182745137 | POVERTY WITHIN THE ELDERLY POPULATION IN ISRAEL | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2182745137 | This chapter examines the risk of poverty among the elderly in Israel. While there has been an increase in poverty among the general population, the findings point to a decline in poverty rates among the elderly over time. These lower poverty rates relative to the younger population are achieved primarily through the National Insurance Institute old-age benefits that constitute a safety net for many people, as well as through income from retirement pensions. In practice, poverty rates among those entitled to pensions are extremely low. When the elderly population is broken down into three groups, long-term residents, immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Arab Israelis, poverty rates were found to be higher among the two groups with low pension entitlement – immigrants and Arab Israelis. One way that some of the elderly deal with poverty and hardship is to live with younger, working family members. Such living arrangements are especially typical among Arab Israelis and Russian immigrants, granting them a higher economic standing than they would have living on their own and helping them avoid poverty. Prof. Haya Stier, Chair, Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel Social Welfare Policy Program; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University. Haim Bleikh, researcher, Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel. State of the Nation Report 2014 394 | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W1574560090 | From Enlightened Self-interest to Welfare Coalitions: Overcoming Identity-based Tensions in the Israeli Welfare State | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1574560090 | Abstract A common argument in the social policy literature is that ethnic and identity‐based heterogeneity undermines the welfare state. In part, this happens because of difficulties in the generation of broad social solidarity in diverse societies: solidarity which is allegedly necessary for sustaining public support for the welfare state. This study explores this argument's logic in the context of welfare state politics in Israel. Israel would appear to be a near‐perfect example of how heterogeneity strains social solidarity and, in turn, undermines the welfare state. Quite differently from most studies, however, this work's emphasis is not on public attitudes or voting, but on the political interaction between economically disadvantaged identity‐based minorities – specifically Arabs on the one hand and religious Jews on the other – in the welfare field. It is argued that shared interests enable extensive co‐operation among political elites in the welfare field despite religiously‐ and nationally‐based antagonism. | [
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https://openalex.org/W101897752 | Beveridge and social security : an international retrospective | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W101897752 | Introduction. John Hills, John Ditch, and Howard Glennerster The Beveridge Report: Its Origins and Outcomes. Brian Abel-Smith Beveridge's Social and Political Thought. Jose Harris Beveridge in the Longue Duree. Peter Baldwin Beveridge and his Assumptive Worlds: The Incompatibilities of a Flawed Design. Howard Glennerster and Martin Evans Beveridge and Old Age. John Macnicol Condemned to Deprivation? Beveridge's Responsibility for the Invisibility of Poverty. John Veit-Wilson A Prophet Dishonoured in his Own Country? The Rejection of Beveridge in Britain 1945-70. Rodney Lowe Beveridge meets Bismarck: Echo, Effects, and Evaluation of the Beveridge Report in Germany. Fritz Grundger Pensions Policy in Poland after 1945: Between 'Bismarck' and 'Beveridge' Traditions. Maciej Zukowski Beveridge Fifty Years On: Second Youth or Early Retirement? Saskia Klosse, Teun Jaspers, and Mies Westerveld The Effectiveness of the Beveridge Model at Different Stages of Socio-economic Development: The Israeli Experience. Abraham Doron The Deterioration of the Swedish Pension Model. Tor E Eriksen and Edward E Palmer Social Security and Full Employment in Australia: The Rise and Fall of the Keynesian Welfare State The Search for a Post-Keynesian Settlement. Bettina Cass and John Freeland. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4292223480 | Welfare State as a Political Weapon: Institutional Racism Against Arabs, Asylum Seekers and the Minorities in Israel | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292223480 | With racism seeming to be one of the core features of Israeli policies, Israel’s will to foster a specific political and national project (i.e. Israel as the homeland of Jewish people alone) is particularly clear when analysing its welfare policies, which are aimed at advantaging some specific groups within the population by barring the access to social benefits and healthcare to other (“undesirable”) ones. To prove these claims, this chapter will sketch out a brief history of the Israeli welfare system, to show how it was originally designed to exclude the Palestinians; then it will show how the devices by which the “undesired” groups are excluded have been enhanced over time by the political establishment; finally, it will show how the aforementioned features are employed as a tool to “discourage” the immigration of African asylum seekers. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2902467701 | Differently unequal: On migrants’ stratified access to family reunification and family entitlements in the Netherlands, Israel and Italy | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2902467701 | This chapter explores effects of national contexts (Israeli, Italian and Dutch) on the stratification processes of foreign nationals (migrants) in family reunification and family support policies. The importance of stratification differs by country and policy area. While provenance determines migrants’ access to state territory in Israel, residential status and economic utility are more significant in conditioning migrants’ social rights in the Netherlands and in Italy. Also, the desirability of migrants per country is important. In Israel, provenance is understood as common descent; in Italy and in the Netherlands, the provenance of the migrant is evaluated in the light of their political, economic or cultural proximity. Despite the EU embeddedness of Italy and the Netherlands and the integrative EU policies, differences exist between the two countries driven by their migration, employment and welfare regimes. Future research should address the disadvantaged position of immigrant women for their unequal access to family reunion and family entitlements, the gendered division of care responsibilities within the household and the vulnerability risks for immigrant children. | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242761629 | Developments in leave policy in Israel during the decade 2007-2017 followed what could best be described as an uncertain route. On the one hand, after five decades of stalemate, in this decade leave was extended several times in several ways. First, paid Maternity Leave increased from 12 to 14 weeks, followed by an extension of unpaid leave, the introduction of Paternity Leave, and finally – following a social struggle – the further extension of paid leave to 15 weeks, with the promise of further extensions. However, these incremental changes were minimal, even in the eyes of their initiators. Among policymakers and activists alike, the consensus was that leave for parents was too short to answer families' needs, and that the changes had to be seen as small steps toward a larger goal – which remained unachieved. This situation, the chapter argues, can be understood as a tension between the combined effects of Israeli familialism and international developments in leave policy, on the one hand; and the extreme neoliberalisation of the Israeli welfare state and its adherence to the 'austerity of welfare' principle, on the other. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2805782866 | The Privatization of Israel: The Withdrawal of State Responsibility | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805782866 | The book is the first to cover all areas of privatization in Israel and one of the first to do so in general, including state infrastructure, immigration policy, land, health, education, welfare, regulation, and policy design. As such, it offers a comprehensive volume for students, policy makers, and scholars interested in the economic, sociological, political, and legal perspectives of a major policy trend that has changed the face and character of the modern state. In addition, it is a vital contribution to those who have an interest in changes in Israeli society, politics, and economy. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W3150657709 | Children on the Run: The Reception and Integration of Unaccompanied Minors in Israel and Germany | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3150657709 | Abstract Over the past 20 years both Israel and Germany have become destination countries for unaccompanied minors (UM), albeit at different speeds and scales and in contrasting geopolitical settings. This article compares the reception and integration of UM in the two countries with a particular focus on their access to education and employment. The movement of UM over borders goes hand in hand with the drawing of legal, ideological, and conceptual boundaries within these two countries that discriminate between citizens and foreigners. However, the answers provided by the respective migration regimes could not be more different, even though both countries are signatories to the relevant international conventions on UM: while in Germany the primacy of child and youth welfare is applied, the Israeli authorities consider UM as illegal ‘infiltrators’ and a threat to national security and the Jewish State. | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2902467237 | In this chapter we adopt a comparative cross-national perspective by focussing on the social security and employment rights of migrant care workers in three welfare states – the UK, Israel and Italy. We look at how the transnational context, the national institutional context (the long-term care [LTC] system including its ‘logic of care’, migration policies, the social security system) and migrants’ individual factors interact in shaping the employment and migration status of migrant care workers and subsequently their employment and social security rights. The analysis suggests that a shared ‘logic of care’ is the common institutional denominator that may explain the precariousness of migrant care work that was found in all the countries studied. Additionally, due to the temporary nature of the work and to the high degree of informal working regulations, migrant workers tend to be not recognized as ‘full citizens’ in the hosting countries, and thus have limited access to citizen rights, including working rights. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2065561035 | The Israeli Kibbutz: From Utopia to Dystopia | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065561035 | The Israeli Kibbutz has undoubtedly been one of the greatest utopian experiments in modern times. It should also be seen as part of the utopian tradition in Zionism. Utopia is in the first place a scheme for building a socially, economically and politically good society, in accordance with the supreme moral 'good'. Utopian visions, contrary to eschatological visions that seek to set aright the whole universe, including human society, do not transcend the possibilities of human nature. As such, they can become the content of social experiments. The Israeli kibbutzim constituted a radical transformation of human nature into a new, better nature: private property and exploitation were abolished; organizational aspects analogous to the state were also abolished; and labor was partially turned into non-instrumental activity. The Israeli welfare state created a supportive framework for the utopian experiment in the kibbutzim by reducing to power of the free market. In the mid-1990s the kibbutzim began, by their own free choice, to dismantle their utopian society and to adopt a partially capitalist way of life, thus changing their nature for the second time in a matter of 70-80 years. The destruction of the welfare state in Israel since the early 1980s has brought about-by encouraging non-utopian decisions-deep changes in kibbutz way of life: labor has become instrumental again; the 'state' has been introduced in the form of a professional management and a small community council that have replaced the traditional democratic bodies (the general assembly, etc.). The economic means, legally still common property, are controlled and abused by a small group that has encouraged the introduction of a differential wage system characterized by large gaps, which is all but exploitation. A relatively small stream in the kibbutz movement still adheres to the old, utopian way of life. Its fate depends to a large extent on the outcome of the struggle, led by this stream itself, to rebuild the country as a welfare state. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3111702841 | Abstract In recent years, the welfare state literature has been witnessing a “religious turn,” (re)reminding us the pivotal role of religion in shaping the modern welfare state. Notwithstanding its theoretical importance, this turn has been largely confined to European, North American, and antipodean settings. By drawing upon the historical case of Israeli burial services, this study seeks to make a modest step in closing this theoretical and empirical gap. Specifically, its findings point to the historical role of the Judaism in establishing universal burial services, funded by the state and operated almost exclusively by religious burial societies. Moreover, this policy legacy, which already had its roots in the British Mandate rule, is still at work, even in an era of “permanent austerity.” These findings problematize mainstream historical observations, which view the Israeli welfare state as a secular project, by suggesting a more nuanced and progressive role for Judaism in its history. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2964914499 | Family Welfare Effort, Total Fertility, and In Vitro Fertilization: Explaining the Israeli Anomaly | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964914499 | Abstract The theory of family welfare effort is a leading macro‐sociological explanation of variation in human fertility. It holds that states which provide universally available, inexpensive, high‐quality day care, generous parental leave, and flexible work schedules lower the opportunity cost of motherhood. They thus enable women, especially those in lower socioeconomic strata, to have the number of babies they want. A considerable body of research supports this theory. However, it is based almost exclusively on analyses of Western European and North American countries. This paper examines the Israeli case because Israel's total fertility rate is anomalously high given its family welfare effort. Based on a review of the relevant literature and a reanalysis of data from various published sources, it explains the country's unusually high total fertility rate as the product of (1) religious and nationalistic sentiment that is heightened by the Jewish population's perception of a demographic threat in the form of a burgeoning Palestinian population and (2) the state's resulting support for pro‐natal policies, including the world's most extensive in vitro fertilization (IVF) system. The paper also suggests that Israel's IVF policy may not be in harmony with the interests of many women insofar as even women with an extremely low likelihood of becoming pregnant are encouraged to undergo the often lengthy, emotionally and physically painful, and risky process of IVF. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1964208111 | The State of Care: Rethinking the Distributive Effects of Familial Care Policies in Liberal Welfare States | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964208111 | The Paper offers a new analytical framework for the study of the regulation of family relations. The framework builds on distributive models of the welfare state, and goes beyond the family-state dyad to include the market as a sphere in which the family is meaningfully regulated. The offered framework challenges the traditional boundaries of family law and suggests an understanding of the institution of the family as defined through its interaction with the institutions of the labor market and the welfare state. The framework is applied to welfare state regimes of familial care in the United States and Israel-child care in the United States (federal), and long-term care for the elderly in Israel. The comparative distributive analysis shows that viewing the family from outside traditional Family Law leads to a relaxation of some of the exceptional characteristics of the legal concept of the family, as well as to a realization that family regulation is intimately connected to broad social policy debates about citizenship, social status, labor market, and wealth distribution. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2886729313 | ‘Rebuilding a Shattered Life and a Broken Body’: Social Work and Disability Discourses in Israel’s First Decades | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2886729313 | Building on the renewed interest in social work historiography, this article examines how disability was perceived and constructed by the social work profession in the first decades of the State of Israel. A discourse analysis of articles published in the country’s main social work journal (Welfare, 1957–77) underscores the importance of individualised discourses focused on the disabled person, her body, tragedy and, most importantly, her personality. This emphasis leads to an examination of the personality characteristics of disabled persons as seen or attributed by practitioners. The analysis then examines the social discourses arising from these articles and that which is sorely missing in them—the voice of the disabled. Finally, the study discusses some of the factors behind these professional discourses and conceptualises them within the theoretical framework of othering. Specifically, it concludes that these discourses turned welfare into a cultural location of disability, where disabled people were constructed and (re)shaped as the Other. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1929516106 | What’s the Border Got to Do with it? How Immigration Regimes Affect Familial Care Provision - A Comparative Analysis | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1929516106 | This article offers a framework to analyze the role of immigration law in shaping familial care provisions and markets of care. The framework builds on distributive models of the welfare state, and extends beyond the family-state dyad to include the market as a sphere in which the family is meaningfully regulated. The framework is then applied to the three very different immigration regimes that prevail in the U.S., Australia, and Israel: specifically, how they relate to the migration of care workers. The analysis exposes the distributive effects of migration regimes on different groups of migrant care workers, and on the men and women in the households that employ them. The analysis further shows the effects immigration regimes have on the bargaining positions, the familial expectations, and on the division of labor within families in the three jurisdictions. The comparative distributive analysis suggests that the details of the legal regime of migration are crucial to understanding the overall effects of the phenomenon of migrant care work on markets of care and families alike. Accordingly, general claims about the significant harms and risks that characterize the migration of care workers or the immense benefits and redistributive qualities of remittances, make very little sense absent a specific legal context. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1996771579 | The Welfare State versus the Relief of Poverty | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996771579 | Previous articleNext article No AccessSymposium on the Welfare StateThe Welfare State versus the Relief of PovertyBrian BarryBrian Barry Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Ethics Volume 100, Number 3Apr., 1990 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/293208 Views: 20Total views on this site Citations: 20Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1990 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Dimitri Gugushvili, Wim van Oorschot Popular preferences for a fully means-tested welfare provision model: social and cross-national divides in Europe, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no.11/1211/12 (Jun 2020): 1455–1472.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2020-0108Alan Hamlin Welfare, (Oct 2017): 852–864.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405177245.ch55Armando Barrientos Justice-based social assistance, Global Social Policy 16, no.22 (Feb 2016): 151–165.https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018116633576Merle Zwiers, Ferry Koster The local structure of the welfare state: Uneven effects of social spending on poverty within countries, Urban Studies 52, no.11 (Mar 2014): 87–102.https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014523688David Brady, Rebekah Burroway Targeting, Universalism, and Single-Mother Poverty: A Multilevel Analysis Across 18 Affluent Democracies, Demography 49, no.22 (Mar 2012): 719–746.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-012-0094-zPatti Tamara Lenard, Christine Straehle, Lea Ypi Global Solidarity, Contemporary Political Theory 9, no.11 (Feb 2010): 99–130.https://doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2009.9Kenneth Nelson Mechanisms of poverty alleviation: anti-poverty effects of non-means-tested and means-tested benefits in five welfare states, Journal of European Social Policy 14, no.44 (Jun 2016): 371–390.https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928704046879Tommy Ferrarini, Kenneth Nelson Taxation of social insurance and redistribution: a comparative analysis of ten welfare states, Journal of European Social Policy 13, no.11 (Feb 2003): 21–33.https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928703013001037Bo Rothstein The Universal Welfare State as a Social Dilemma, (Jan 2002): 206–222.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-10924-7_9BO ROTHSTEIN Cooperation for Social Protection, American Behavioral Scientist 45, no.55 (Jul 2016): 901–918.https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764202045005010John Gal The Perils of Compensation in Social Welfare Policy: Disability Policy in Israel Gal, Social Service Review 75, no.22 (Jul 2015): 225–244.https://doi.org/10.1086/322207Bo Rothstein THE UNIVERSAL WELFARE STATE AS A SOCIAL DILEMMA, Rationality and Society 13, no.22 (Aug 2016): 213–233.https://doi.org/10.1177/104346301013002004DENNIS McKERLIE Justice Between the Young and the Old, Philosophy <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Public Affairs 30, no.22 (Apr 2001): 152–177.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2001.00152.xDaniel Shapiro Can Old-Age Social Insurance Be Justified?, Social Philosophy and Policy 14, no.22 (Jan 2009): 116–144.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500001849Nancy S. Jecker, Eric M. Meslin United States and Canadian approaches to justice in health care: A comparative analysis of health care systems and values, Theoretical Medicine 15, no.22 (Jun 1994): 181–200.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994024 Russell Hardin Altruism and Mutual Advantage, Social Service Review 67, no.33 (Sep 2015): 358–373.https://doi.org/10.1086/603995Valerie Braithwaite Caregiving Burden, Research on Aging 14, no.11 (Aug 2016): 3–27.https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027592141001 Problems of Macroallocation, (): 239–266.https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46801-8_11Erich H. Loewy Health Care Systems and Ethics, (): 1–14.https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46846-8_1 Problems of Macro-allocation, (): 161–195.https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2252-2_8 | [
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https://openalex.org/W2136011003 | Dismantling the welfare state from the left? Localization of global ideas in the case of Israel’s 1998 Public Housing Law | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2136011003 | The article considers the contribution of actors not usually associated with globalization and liberalization to the institutionalization of neoliberalism. Neoliberal projects are considered to integrate global models with local values. Thus, the main battlegrounds are domestic arenas. Most analyses focus on powerful agents associated with neoliberalism. However, other actors may have a supportive role. In legislating Israel’s Public Housing Law in 1998, aimed at selling public dwellings to tenants, left-wing politicians, ‘social’ interest groups and tenants embraced the discourse and goals of privatization. To explain this anomaly, one must understand the weakness of social democracy among the Israeli left and the centrality of Jewish-Zionist nationalism: in effect, supporters of the law integrated neoliberal discourses of privatization with local discourses of republicanism to advance populist privatization. In this article, the author discusses this concept and elaborates on the perceptions, roles and contributions of actors not associated with neoliberalism to local neoliberal projects. | [
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https://openalex.org/W611672949 | Changing Patterns in the Distribution of Economic Welfare - An International Perspective | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W611672949 | 1. What's behind the increase in inequality? An introduction Peter Gottschalk, Bjorn Gustafsson and Edward Palmer 2. Policy changes and growing earnings inequality in seven industrialised countries Peter Gottschalk 3. A survey of income inequality over the last twenty years - how does the UK compare? Karen Gardiner 4. Economic adjustment and distributional change: income inequality and poverty in Australia in the 1980s Peter Saunders 5. Unemployment, unemployment insurance and the distribution of income in Canada in the 1980s Lars Osberg, Sadettin Erksoy and Shelley Phipps 6. Distribution of economic well-being in Japan: towards a more unequal society Toshiaki Tachibanaki and Tadashi Yagi 7. Income inequality and poverty under transition from rapid inflation to stabilisation: Israel 1979-90 Lea Achdut 8. Changes in inequality in Greece in the 1970s and the 1980s Panos Tsakloglou 9. The development of income distribution in the Federal Republic of Germany during the 1970s and 1980s Richard Hauser and Irene Becker 10. Income inequality and poverty in Ireland in the 1970s and 1980s Tim Callan and Brian Nolan 11. Income distribution in France: the mid-1980s turning point Pierre Concialdi 12. The distribution of economic well-being in the Netherlands, its evolution in the 1980s and the role of demographic change Ruud Muffels and Jan Nelissen 13. Changes in Swedish inequality: a study of equivalent income 1975-91 Bjorn Gustafsson and Edward E. Palmer 14. Income inequality and poverty in Finland in the 1980s Markus Jantti and Veli Matti Ritakallio 15. Disparities in the economic well-being of Hungarian society from the late 1970s to the 1980s Odon Elteto 16. The emergence of the Labour market and earnings distribution: the case of the Czech Republic Jiri Vecernik. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W3167080009 | Hybrid entitlement: Welfare recipients’ perceptions of entitlement to social rights | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3167080009 | Abstract Recent decades have witnessed changes in welfare states, shaped by a neoliberal ideology that has reduced state responsibility for weakened populations and transformed definitions of citizenship from the universalist notion of social citizenship to the idea of market citizenship. Contemporary welfare policy is based on a disciplinary regime, which aims to produce self-disciplined citizens who adhere to market rules as the most essential civic rules. Following this change in social contract between the state and its citizens, the notion of entitlement to social rights has been transformed into disentitlement to public support. However, economic independence via labour market participation is not always possible and many must rely on welfare support for material survival. This study aims to pinpoint the factors shaping welfare recipients’ perceptions of entitlement. Drawing on 76 in-depth interviews with welfare recipients in Israel, we argue that people’s perceptions of their entitlement to public support are disciplined by the “new” welfare regime of market citizenship, yet simultaneously influenced by “old” perceptions of universal citizenship rights. This kind of “hybrid entitlement” allows welfare recipients to resist exclusion and to avoid disconnection from work and welfare. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2316875704 | America, Germany, Israel: Three Modes of Citizenship and Incorporation | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2316875704 | Abstract In today's liberal democracies, the “social question” and the “immigration question” have become entwined as rarely before. Elites and citizens alike ask who belongs to the national political and social community of the “we” and what belonging entails in the way of rights and obligations. Under the impact of unprecedented free mobility for both capital and labor and the crises of the social welfare state, the borders and bonds of citizenship have been changing, mostly weakening. This essay takes a preliminary look at how these two questions are intertwined in the United States, Germany, and Israel. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2925084397 | Intercambios familiares entre las generaciones y ambivalencia: una perspectiva internacional comparada | [
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https://openalex.org/W4211141721 | (De)legitimization of single mothers’ welfare rights: United States, Britain and Israel | [
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https://openalex.org/W3146486458 | The politics of welfare state financialisation: the case of Israel’s ‘Saving for Every Child’ programme | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3146486458 | Expanding financialisation of the economy and society represents a constitutive feature of the neoliberal regime. This process is also underway in various domains of state action, including the welfare state. This article uses a case study of financialisation of a cash transfer programme – the establishment of the Israeli ‘Saving for Every Child’ programme – to tackle two main questions: Which political constellations are likely to promote financialisation in social policy? And, what are the ramifications of financialisation for the politics of the welfare state? The study suggests that in a context of conflict between redistributive demands and opposition to the decommodifying effects of universal cash benefits, financialisation provides a political solution which satisfies the former while subordinating it to principles of commodifying social investment. The study further indicates that the financialisation of redistributive policies changes the politics of the welfare state by making financial market actors and considerations an integral part of welfare policy-making processes | [
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https://openalex.org/W2078731709 | Israeli Neo-conservatism: Rise and Fall? | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078731709 | This study of neo-conservatism in Israel argues that despite its powerful emergence, internal contradictions prevent it from establishing a hegemonic position. This argument is used to explain the collapse of the Likud in the 2006 elections after it adopted a neo-conservative agenda. The attempt to maintain simultaneously a hawkish foreign policy and a neo-liberal economic agenda proved costly, since the demands of such a foreign policy often contradict the 'small state' tenets of neo-liberalism. Consequently, as this article demonstrates, neo-conservatism has a difficult time sustaining a stable constituency, as those who support an aggressive foreign policy may desire a more welfare-type state, while those who support neo-liberalism generally favor a moderate foreign policy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2290025538 | Raising citizens in the "century of the child" : the United States and German Central Europe in comparative perspective | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2290025538 | Introduction: Child-Rearing and Citizenship in the Twentieth Century Dirk Schumann Foundations Chapter 1. Children and the National InterestA Sonya Michel (with Eszter Varsa) New Beginnings Chapter 2. Children's Future, Nation's Future: Race, Citizenship, and the U.S. Children's BureauA Katherine Bullard Chapter 3. From Reform Pedagogy to War Pedagogy: Education Reform before 1914 and the Mobilization for War in GermanyA Andrew Donson Chapter 4. 'Linked with the welfare of all peoples': The American Kindergarten, Americanization, and Internationalism in World War IA Ellen Berg Redefining Parents' Roles Chapter 5. How Should We Raise Our Son Benjamin? Advice Literature for Mothers in Early Twentieth-Century GermanyA Carolyn Kay Chapter 6. Debunking Mother Love: American Mothers and the Momism Critique in the Mid-Twentieth CenturyA Rebecca Jo Plant Chapter 7. Paternity, Rechristianization, and the Quest for Democracy in Postwar West GermanyA Till van Rahden Parental Rights and State Demands Chapter 8. Who Owns Children? Parents, Children, and the State in the United States SouthA Charles A. Israel Chapter 9. 'Children Betray their Father and Mother': Collective Education, Nationalism, and Democracy in the Bohemian Lands, 1900-1948A Tara Zahra Chapter 10. Asserting Their 'Natural Right': Parents and Public Schooling in Post-1945 GermanyA Dirk Schumann Chapter 11. 'Special Relationships': The State, Social Workers, and Abused Children in the United States, 1950-1990A Lynne Curry | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2027359232 | Russian labour culture: how it looks in comparison | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027359232 | Assuming that national culture should not be disregarded especially at a time of massive economic restructuring as having serious influence on labour relations and type of management, we make an attempt to reveal its features empirically and compare them with those of other national cultures, identifying whose cultural characteristics are closest to the Russian one. The article examines Russian labour culture by measuring it with the help of Hofstede's universal indices in an empirical study of employees of four industrial enterprises in different parts of Russia. The measuring tool allows a comparative perspective; we also offer interpretations of the obtained indices, enriching them by illustrations from informal interviews with the employees of those enterprises. The results brought Russia close to a number of European countries that had welfare-state orientation and strong institutional and historical connections with Russia, such as Finland, Germany, Austria and Israel. The article argues that experience in the field of labour relations and organizational models of these countries should not be discounted, although reformers often place their hopes mainly on the Anglo-Saxon or American models. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2211488160 | The Legal Tender of Gender: Law, Welfare and the Regulation of Women's Poverty | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2211488160 | This collection of essays, which emerges from an Onati workshop held in 2007, provides an important and timely opportunity for 11 feminist scholars to reflect upon twentieth century welfarism, and its contemporary neo-liberal re-configurations. The aims of the collection are not limited to revealing the precarious position of women as beneficiaries of state welfare and the disproportionate impact on women of its retraction; the collection also seeks to highlight ‘‘the relevance of women’s agency and resistance to the experience of inequality and injustice’’ (p. 3). Welfare scholarship has an understandable tendency to parochialism as a consequence of the specificity and complexity of different regulatory regimes. The multi-disciplinary expertise of the contributors and the variety of jurisdictions represented—Canada, USA and Israel—is therefore to be welcomed. However, there is one caveat; the focus of six out of 10 of the papers is Canadian, perhaps giving too much emphasis to the peculiarity of the Canadian amalgam of social conservatism, constitutional liberalism (especially to be found in judicial responses to the equality guarantee in s 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms) and economic neo-liberalism. Nonetheless, several essays in the book provide an opportunity for readers to ‘catch up’ on the mutating character of specific national welfare programmes. For instance Abramovitz, in ‘Women, Social Reproduction and the Neo-liberal Assault on the US Welfare State’, succinctly describes the emergence of the US welfare state as a response to the Great Depression and its fall in the 1970s following ‘‘third world revolutions, the loss of US world hegemony, reduced access to cheap raw materials from third world nations, mounting international economic competition, and the victories of US social movements’’ (p. 20). She then maps the successes of the neo-liberal assault on state spending on welfare and its differential impact: ‘‘In particular, it undercut women’s capacity for care work by reducing benefits and/or shifting the costs of social reproduction from | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W2224644724 | Work-family policies and the effects of children on women's: Employment and earnings | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2224644724 | Welfare state generosity around work-family policies appears to have somewhat contradictory effects, at least for some measures of gender equality. In particular, it appears that as work-family policies, in encouraging higher levels of women’s labor market participation, have also contributed to higher levels of occupational gender segregation, and to lower wage-levels for women relative to men. We examine these apparent contradictions, and consider how they may differ based on particular policies, or on the effects of policies on the employment outcomes of particular groups of women. We emphasize how policies relate to employment and earnings outcomes among women, structured by their responsibilities for children. Moreover, we separate policies to consider their potentially unique relationships with women’s employment and earnings (for example, parental leave versus childcare. With a few exceptions analyses use Wave 5 (representing the years 2000/2001) of the LIS data for 21 countries. For all countries, the sample is restricted to employed adult women, age 25 to 45 (prime years for childrearing), who are not self-employed and not in military service. We investigate: (1) differences in employment hours and earnings for women, based on their number of children in a broad range of countries across Eastern and Western Europe, North America, Israel, and Australia and (2) the distinct associations of maternity, paternity, and parental leaves, publicly funded child care for very young (0 to 2 years) and for older (3 to 5 years) children with estimated earnings and employment penalties. We show the importance of considering policy outcomes, recognizing the potentially countervailing consequences of different kinds of family policies. We believe that is crucial to recognize that inequalities among women, related to their care of children, are important, particularly when a significant proportion of women are forgoing motherhood in many of these countries. Our analyses also suggest the importance of designing effective leave policies – that promote parental attachment to the labor force rather than “cooling out” parents, and public provisioning for high quality, employment-enabling childcare. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2310893448 | Changing Countries: Russian Artists in the United States | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2310893448 | In the preceding chapters, we focused on artists working in different political and economic systems. Significant differences in the art worlds of the United States, Britain, and Scandinavia emerged from these discussions. In eastern Germany, artists experienced dramatic transition in their own society — the introduction of new artistic institutions and a developed market system for the arts accompanied the political transformation. Yet significant elements of GDR traditions remained in some of the artistic circles in eastern Germany. Furthermore, the strong public supports for the arts and the west German welfare system addressed a number of the difficulties east German artists experienced in the new environment. The movement of Russian artists to the United States from the 1970s on involved a drastic change for the individual émigrés. The experience of this change throws a very personal light on the contrast between two different political and economic environments in which art is produced. This chapter will begin by offering a brief historical background to the role of the arts in the Soviet Union, then review the experiences of artists who emigrated from the Soviet Union to the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, and finally turn to the most recent emigration from Russia.1 This last section of the chapter will also include a few observations of Russian visual artists who immigrated to Israel during the 1990s, thus providing an additional perspective on the importance of the social and political context.2 | [
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https://openalex.org/W2900472576 | Politics and Criticism: An Interview with Bruce Robbins | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2900472576 | Politics and Criticism:An Interview with Bruce Robbins Jeffrey J. Williams (bio) While we—those in the West, particularly on the Left—might criticize the oppressions of neo-imperialism, we also benefit from it. That is the quandary that Bruce Robbins confronts in his recent book, The Beneficiary (Duke UP, 2017), which looks at capitalism and global inequality through analyses of figures like George Orwell and Naomi Klein. Over his career, Robbins has sorted through quandaries of politics and literature, intellectuals and class, the public and the professional, and cosmopolitanism and globalization. Robbins began as a critic of the British novel, focusing on the representation of class in The Servant's Hand: English Fiction From Below (Columbia UP, 1986; rpt. Duke, 1993), which examines the barely visible but pivotal role that servants play in the British novel. He expanded his consideration of class in Upward Mobility and the Common Good: Toward a Literary History of the Welfare State (Princeton UP, 2007) to those who rise above their class origins, such as protagonists in Horatio Alger stories, pointing out that, while usually taken to exemplify individual pluck, they show the importance of the institutions of the welfare state as well as of mentors. Robbins has also turned his concern with class toward critics themselves, analyzing the complications of professionalization and the public effect of criticism, notably in his book Secular Vocations: Intellectuals, Professionalism, Culture (Verso, 1993). He also edited the collections Intellectuals: Aesthetics, Politics, Academics (Minnesota, 1990), and The Phantom Public Sphere (Minnesota, 1993), which arise out of his work on the journal Social Text, which he coedited with Andrew Ross from 1991-2000. Through the 1990s, Robbins concentrated on what he calls "actually existing cosmopolitanism," which he introduces in Secular Vocations and develops in Feeling Global: Internationalism in Distress (NYU P, 1999), Perpetual War: Cosmopolitanism from the Viewpoint of Violence (Duke, 2012), and The Beneficiary. In conjunction with those, he coedited the collections Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond the Nation (with Pheng Cheah; Minnesota, 1998), Immanuel Wallerstein and the Problem of the World: System, Scale, [End Page 489] Culture (with David Palumbo-Liu and Nirvana Tanoukhi; Duke, 2011), and Cosmopolitanisms (with Paulo Lemos Horta; NYU, 2017). In addition, since the 1990s he has written regularly for venues such as The Nation, n + 1, and London Review of Books as well as academic ones. One issue he has focused on is the plight of Palestinians in the face of Israeli violence and occupation, co-sponsoring an "Open Letter from American Jews to Our Government" in full-page ads in The New York Times (2002) and elsewhere, and making the documentary film Some of My Best Friends Are Zionists (2013), which features interviews with Tony Kushner, Judith Butler, and others. Born in 1949 in Brooklyn and raised on Long Island, Robbins went to Harvard University, where he earned all his degrees (BA, 1971; MA, 1976; PhD, 1979), working with the influential comparativist Harry Levin, Edward Said, and Jonathan Arac, then his graduate student mentor. Robbins taught at the University of Geneva (1976-1981) and the University of Lausanne (1981-1984), returning to the U.S. in 1984 to teach at Rutgers and moving in 2001 to Columbia, where he is currently Old Dominion Foundation Professor in the Humanities. This interview took place on 7 October 2017 in New York City and was conducted and edited by Jeffrey J. Williams. It was transcribed by Katie Eckenwiler, an MA student in English at Carnegie Mellon University. Jeffrey J. Williams: It's hard to define your work succinctly. Even as far back as The Servant's Hand, you were never fixed in a specific school of criticism. Most people in that time could be placed in one, or adopted one—one was a deconstructive critic, a Marxist critic, a feminist critic, a reader response critic, and so on. How would you define your kind of criticism? Bruce Robbins: I didn't think I needed an adjective. When I was writing my thesis and my first book, I'm not sure that I was aware that other people had them and therefore that I should have one too. That may have been a little bit a... | [
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https://openalex.org/W4383743919 | A categorical immigration policy: welfare, integration and the production of inequality | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4383743919 | This chapter explores the unique immigration-policy model that was adopted in Israel as a contribution to the understanding of the connection between social and immigration policies in European welfare states. The discussion uses an institutional perspective to present a detailed study that explains the emergence and endurance of the categorical welfare system of Israeli immigrants. It also analyses the implications of this categorical system for immigrants and other sectors of Israeli society. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the relevance of the Israeli case for European welfare states. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4285080061 | The Evolution of the Israeli Third Sector: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis | [] | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285080061 | AbstractThe expansion and development of the nonprofit sector worldwide in the 1980s and 1990s did not bypass Israel, and, as in other countries, sparked an interest for study to uncover its characteristics and major features.The Israeli population—both Jewish and Arab—has a rich tradition of voluntaristic activity on the individual as well as on the collective (organizational) levels, mostly in the communal context. The modern welfare state created new opportunities and new challenges for such activity within the broad framework of the nonprofit sector.This article aims to review the development of the nonprofit sector in Israel and analyze it within existing nonprofit theories. It takes a historical perspective in looking at its evolution, in light of political, social, ideological, and economic changes in the world and in the country. It discusses the development of policy and government involvement on the one hand and the unique features of Israeli philanthropy, both Jewish and Arab, on the other. It analyzes Israel’s civil society and social movements, as well as social entrepreneurship and their expression in the Third Sector. The article also covers the development of research and education on the Third Sector; it includes a review of research centers, databases, journals, and specific programs that were developed by Israeli universities. Finally, this article summarizes the characteristics of the nonprofit sector in Israel. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2270426652 | Migrant Care-Workers in Israel: Between Family, Market and State (מהגרי עבודה בתחום הסיעוד בישראל: בין משפחה, שוק ומדינה) | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2270426652 | In the early 1990's, Israel opened its gates to migrant guest workers who were invited to work, on a temporary basis, in the agriculture, construction, and in-home care sectors in Israel. The in-home care sector developed quickly in those years due to the introduction of migrant workers into the care industry coupled with the creation of a new welfare state benefit: a long-term care benefit that subsidized the employment of in-home care workers working for dependent elderly and disabled Israelis. The article examines the legal and public policy ramifications of the transformation of Israeli families caused by the influx of migrant care workers into Israeli homes. Exploring the relationship between welfare, immigration and employment laws, and marketized and non-marketized care relationships, it reveals the intimate links between public policy, 'private' families and de-familialization processes. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4254646193 | Social work academics and policy in Israel1 | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4254646193 | This chapter examines the engagement of social work academics in the policy process in Israel. It begins by presenting an overview of social policy and the welfare state in Israel and by discussing the emergence of the social work profession and the place of policy engagement in social work in that country. The development of social work education in Israel and its contemporary features are then depicted. Following these, the methodology and the findings of a study of the policy engagement of Israeli social work academics are presented. The findings relate to the levels of engagement in policy and the forms that this takes. The study also offers insights into various factors that are associated with these, such as perceptions, capabilities, institutional support and the accessibility of the policy process. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the findings and their implications. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W2610346517 | The Impact of Wealth on Subjective Well-Being:A Comparison of Three Welfare-State Regimes | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2610346517 | Abstract This paper provides new insights into the association between economic standing and subjective well-being (SWB) among aging individuals in three industrialized countries: Germany, Israel, and Sweden. Specifically, we compare the effects of wealth, in line with the growing consensus that wealth is an important determinant of economic standing alongside income, on SWB across three welfare-state regimes: conservative (Germany), liberal (Israel), and social-democratic (Sweden). Drawing on needs theory, we hypothesize that individuals of poor wealth would report lower levels of SWB in all countries. We expect, however, the association between poor wealth and SWB to be stronger in the liberal system (Israel) and weaker in the conservative system (Germany) with the weakest effect found in the social-democratic system (Sweden) due to differences in the extent of social benefits each welfare-state regime provides its residents. To test our hypotheses, we utilize data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 1 ). Results indicate that income and wealth explain a greater part of the variance in SWB when taken together. We find a ‘poor penalty’ on SWB in Germany and Israel while in Sweden wealth has no impact on SWB. Finally, when controlling for subjective economic hardship (needs), the negative effect of poor wealth on SWB disappears in Germany, but maintains significance in Israel, suggesting that needs theory alone cannot explain the poor penalty in Israel. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the welfare-state has an impact on the wealth–SWB relation and that the mechanisms that underlie this relation operate differently in Germany and Israel. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4236420344 | Conclusion | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4236420344 | Israel is perhaps the only country in the world whose immigration policy has hardly anything to do with quotas. Israel is the state of the Jews, as asserted in its Declaration of Independence, read out by the first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, when he proclaimed the establishment of the State in May 1948. Consequently, under the Law of Return, the country’s gates are open to all Jews in the world. Israeli governments in the past and present have not only encouraged Jewish immigration, but have even taken care of the immigrants in their first years in Israel, helping them obtain (or in some cases giving them) housing, employment, education, and welfare. Whereas few—if any—other countries that take in immigrants pay attention to the geographical dispersion of the immigrants, this dispersion, which leads to geographical dispersion of jobs and infrastructure, is an important aspect of immigrant-absorption policy in Israel. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4310730540 | Israel’s Economic Development: The State-Led Phase | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4310730540 | The chapter examines the development impact of the state-led model of growth in Israel when much of the process has been channelized through prestate organizations. The differential progress of the towns where the development process had been shaped by the community settlements and Histadrut has been analyzed. The participatory form of economic development in prestate Israel turned into a paternalistic one with the labor dependent on the establishment for work and welfare. The period of assessment is until 1977 when the Labor Party coalition suffered electoral defeat, and it also coincided with the onset of deregulation of the economy. The chapter focuses on the economic development of the Jewish population in Israel and does not delve into relative deprivation or discrimination of the Arab population in the country during this period. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W778405452 | Regulating Life and Death: The Case of Israel's 'Health Basket' Committee | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W778405452 | The United States like all Western nations faces tough problems regarding healthcare: with rapidly rising costs, the majority of the population is struggling to obtain good quality yet affordable medical treatment. There is growing pressure on the state to intervene by regulation or finance to allow the greatest number of people possible to enjoy health benefits. Israel, a nation providing state-subsidized universal healthcare, is struggling with the just the same problems. After introducing the general themes of Israeli health care system, the paper presents two of its unique and features. First, the one official committee charged with annually expanding the Israeli healthcare services 'basket', on a budget. And, conversely, the Israeli policy decision to generously finance fertility treatment. Both features are noteworthy for students of healthcare and welfare policies. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2774254336 | The State Is Leaving Us | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2774254336 | For six months, from the summer of 2011 to the winter of 2012, a large Israeli popular protest movement took shape in the cities, reinforced by public opinion and the media, shaking up Israeli politics. The uprising, which emerged in the context of the “Spring of Nations” and is still being continued through collective actions of varying degrees of intensity (camps, people’s tribunals, people’s assemblies), must be read in the context of sociological and political goals regarding the economic, social, and cultural question in Israel. In any event, it reflects the decline of the welfare state that was at the heart of the Zionist project. In this article, the author draws attention to the question from two perspectives: the analysis of the critical justifications that have made it possible, in the moment of revolt, to denounce the present reality, and the manner in which disputes (especially over issues of housing) are conducted in public. | [
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2980073735 | The establishment of welfare services in the land of Israel constituting the foundations of welfare services in the state of Israel, began in the first half of the 20th century. The founders of the welfare services in Israel derived their inspiration from the cultural traditions of the diaspora Jewry on the one hand and the process of nation building in which they participated, on the other. These two elements influenced the philosophy, legislation, policy and operation of the welfare system in Israel. The main function of the Jewish community in the diaspora, which was constantly subjected to the danger of assimilation, was to preserve Judaism.; This required the community to rely on the family and on foster care, placing strong. emphasis on the education, religious education at that time, of these children who were destined to continue the Jewish tradition and strengthen them psychologically. The struggle for independence and the re-establishment of the Jewish State. was also characterized by the need to strengthen the young people who were expected to realize the Zionist aspirations. The result was the establishment of family-oriented services with special emphasis on child welfare and the provision of opportunities for child development. The legislation and services established in Israel in the spheres of education and health are proof of that. The importance attached to services designed to preserve the future resources of the nation, left several spheres either untouched or dealt with solely on the philosophical level without practical application. These were mainly: (1) Child protection; (2) Care of handicapped children; and (3) Delinquency. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of Comparative Family Studies",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2133461996 | JACQUELINE PORTUGESE, Fertility Policy in Israel: The Politics of Religion, Gender, and Nation (Westport, Conn: Praeger Publications, 1998). Pp. 211. | [
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"display_name": "Donna Robinson Divine",
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133461996 | Scholars often acknowledge reproductive behavior as a core issue in Israeli politics but they seldom examine how public policies affect family size. Israel has designed no official government fertility program, but the country's leaders are nevertheless obsessed with Jewish natality. Israeli women are bombarded with regulations affecting access to contraceptives and abortion procedures and with all sorts of unsubtle massages about the importance of mothering as a factor in the state's continuing vitality and fulfilling its national purpose. Jacqueline Portugese explains Israel's ongoing efforts to encourage a high Jewish birthrate by focusing a feminist lens on public discourse, popular culture, and particular policies, all of which, she argues, have a highly pernicious impact on women. Despite the differences in feminist perspectives on the issue of fertility, they share a critical stance toward state regulation of the family, and all aid Portugese's narrative in uncovering and explaining the large repertoire of relatively intrusive regulatory mechanisms at the disposal of the government. The special insight of Fertility in Israel lies in its clarifications of the connections between seemingly benign welfare benefits and tax incentives and denying women autonomy with regard to the decision to bear children. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Middle East Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S87435064",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3206220831 | Beyond Comparativism | [
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"display_name": "Arie Krampf",
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"Israel"
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"https://openalex.org/W4210704299",
"https://openalex.org/W4236578430",
"https://openalex.org/W4240275175"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3206220831 | This article critiques Esping-Andersen’s class-based theory of welfare regimes, demonstrating that the theory’s scope conditions are not fulfilled by the Israeli case during the country’s first three decades. It traces the transition of Israel’s welfare regime and the consolidation of its welfare state in the 1970s. Based on historical analysis, the article points out two incongruities between Esping-Andersen’s theory scope conditions and the case of Israel. Further, it argues that the transformation of Israel’s welfare regime can be better explained by institutional historical theories that highlight the impact of the production regime on welfare and the significance of conflicts between high-skilled and lowskilled workers. | [
{
"display_name": "Israel studies review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210229905",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3121963527 | Israel's Immigration Story: Globalization lessons | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Assaf Razin",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121963527 | The exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel in the 1990s was a unique event. The extraordinary experience of Israel, which has received three quarter million migrants from the Former Soviet Union, amounting to 17 percent of its population, within a short time, is also relevant for the current debate about migration and globalization. The immigration wave was distinctive for its large high skilled cohort, and its quick integration into the domestic labor market. Immigration also changed the entire economic landscape: it raised productivity, underpinning technological prowess, and had significant impact on income inequality and the level of redistribution in Israel's welfare state. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W4320027690 | From the “Socialist-Collectivistic” Welfare State to “McIsrael”: The Evolution of the Israeli Welfare State | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Krzysztof Chaczko",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071541143"
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"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4320027690 | 1. Aharoni, Y. (2014). The Israeli economy (Routledge Revivals). Dreams and realities. Routledge. Google Scholar | [
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