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https://openalex.org/W2510205344 | A Comparative Study of The Components of Human Rights and Transnational Criminal Law At The National Archives | [
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"Iran"
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"https://openalex.org/W2886655046"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2510205344 | One of the main functions of government, protect and guarantee human rights and fundamental freedoms in international instruments on human rights, have been identified. On the other hand, the penal system in each country due to its association with other people's lives, property and honor of the utmost importance. The new Iranian penal system combines a dual system is that both the community and the members of the community concerned. And unlike theoretical whose act unilaterally. The right of access to court and to a fair trial, including basic human rights and in international human rights instruments including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the principles of international justice that have been mentioned. A domestic legal system, in turn, sets the principles and rules have been established to maintain fair hearing. The three stages of the proceedings, including preliminary inquiry, investigation and after investigation takes. The main goal of this study is emphasized that the principles of justice and human rights recognized in the Iranian penal laws in the light of domestic and international documents described above. This study, in terms of type, theoretical, practical, and the method is descriptive analysis. | [
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"display_name": "International journal of humanities and social sciences",
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https://openalex.org/W4284886810 | The greening of human rights in Iran: Lake Orumiyeh, human rights, and environmental justice | [
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"Iran"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284886810 | In the mid-2000s, a social movement emerged in northwestern Iran to demand increased environmental protections for Lake Orumiyeh. Once among the largest saltwater lakes in the world, Lake Orumiyeh has undergone rapid desiccation, losing nearly 90 per cent of its surface area over the past two decades. Conceptually, the aim of this article is to examine how protesters in Orumiyeh used environmental justice, both as a concept and political strategy, to make human rights claims against the Iranian state. I posit that environmental justice functions as a coded language in this political context, where it is challenging to speak openly about human rights. Drawing from environmental justice and critical human rights literature in geography, combined with an empirical and visual analysis of protests to save Lake Orumiyeh, I analyze how protesters strategically ‘greened’ the language of human rights to protect themselves from state violence. I compare two protests organized in 2010 and 2011 to demonstrate how the site of the lake was used to signify broader grievances against the state. Through a comparison of the affective tone and state response to the protests, I explicate both the importance and the limits of ‘greening’ human rights as a protest strategy. Taken together, these case studies illustrate how limiting activism to binary frameworks of the environmental or political renders invisible the multidimensional claims of protesters. My study demonstrates the importance of widening our analytical gaze to incorporate protests that register rights claims outside of the normative framework of human rights, thereby accounting for political contexts where alternative rights narratives are both strategic and necessary. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210198423",
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https://openalex.org/W2563329212 | Women's Human Rights and the Muslim Question : Iran's One Million Signatures Campaign | [
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"display_name": "Rebecca Barlow",
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"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2563329212 | Women's Human Rights and the Muslim Question shows how Muslim women have made meaningful contributions to the development of the international framework on gender equality and women's rights. An investigation into the women's movement of Iran offers a practical grounding for this argument, and presents unprecedented findings on how ideological divisions along secular and religious lines have been worked in favour of a rights-based framework for change.The book presents a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of the campaign material of the women's movement 'Change for Equality Campaign'—one of the most progressive and sophisticated movements in the Middle East/Central Asia. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2216733112 | Study of Gender Equality in Rights and Duties in the Employment Provisions of the International Documents | [
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"https://openalex.org/W2404650041"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2216733112 | The right to employment and occupation is one of the fundamental human rights, and this issue has caused governments not only considers the right to occupation for women, but in this regard, set rules for them. Iran's rights do not address precisely and expertly the issue of women's employment and in legislation, equally look has been given to men and women, mostly without considering the specific conditions of women and their maternal position. However, after the Islamic Revolution, efforts took place to eliminate the discrimination. According to the constitution, everyone has the right to the adopt the job which he is willing to and is not contrary to Islam and the public interests and the rights of others, but under other laws, women are barred from taking certain jobs such as judging. International human rights instruments, including public documents and special documents of women's rights have tried to remove inequalities and women employment discrimination and have attempted to change the social and legal foundations. One of the international documents that dealt with the issue of women's employment is the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against women, which can be described as a set of standards for women's rights and one of the great achievements of the international community. In this paper, we have dealt with the comparative review of regulation of the employment of women in Iranian law and international documents on the rights and duties in a descriptive and analytical method and found that despite efforts taken to improve the employment situation of women's rights in Iran’s law, still there are differences between employment rights and international documents, it is recommended that Iran joins the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and reforms women's employment law, and strategies should be adopted to meet women about their rights, including radio and television. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3170472897 | Human rights 2.0 : law, education, technology & socioeconomic rights in Iran | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3170472897 | My work on human rights rests on two complementary processes of legislative reform through research-based policy recommendations, and education on sustainable access to socioeconomic rights, specifically education and work, starting with minorities and marginalised populations in Iran. Given Iran’s rich diversity, securing universal access to rights demands proficiency in collective expression and action through a multidisciplinary lens. For this reason, and given the efficacy of law in action, I have made a concerted effort to focus my contributions to gaps in literature that advance human rights law education in a manner that is of relevance to the everyday life of grassroots populations. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3033710249 | Challenges of criminalization protest and corruption by looking at international documents | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3033710249 | With the passage of the Islamic Penal Code of 1992, the legislator took a critical step contrary to the provisions of international documents such as the Political and Civil Covenant and the Universal Declaration of Human rights and other documents criminalize behaviors that are critical of human rights, both in terms of punishment and in non-compliance with the principles and principles of criminality. As provided in Article 286 for severe on-the-ground corruption with a view to development in various fields, the death penalty has been specified. The perpetrators of these crimes and deviations from the substantive principles of security crimes, such as riots and corruption on earth, present challenges that will be addressed in this article, first explaining the importance of the right to life and the death penalty in international documents and the Iranian legal system. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2548360447 | The privacy observance of home, correspondence and conversations in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights with a glance to Iran’s criminal procedure law | [
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},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2548360447 | Privacy is a prevalent concept but almost unknown meaning that there has not been any exact and comprehensive definition regarding. In article 8 of the European convention of human rights, without any definition on this phrase, the Instances of this privacy have been introduced by the terms of private life, family life, home and correspondence. The European court of human rights as the convention commentator institution, Meanwhile expanding the instances of home and correspondence has allowed the member states to intervene individuals home and correspondence, on the basis of supporting the society if necessary, based on law and in the event of the determined aims in article 8 of European convention. Although the presented comments and case law of European court in this context shows that in contrast of individuals rights with the interests of society, superiority is marked In favor of the rights of individuals. In the present article in a descriptive-analytic fashioned way by considering decisions of the European Court of protection of human rights and by the aim of comparing that with Iranian criminal procedure provisions in the privacy of home, correspondence and conversations we reached to conclusion that although the Iranian legislator has tried to show his commitment to respect the rights of individuals, but the ambiguity of some phrases and the broad powers granted to the judicial authority has caused the rights and freedoms of individuals to be in the exposure of danger, In this respect, Requires amendments in the code of Criminal Procedure as the amendment of article 60 in determining sanction for the police abuse, amendment of article 140 by way of expanding night search and amendment of article 144 about determining instances of army forces presence. Please cite this article as: Taghipour A. The privacy observance of home, correspondence and conversations in the case law of The European Court of Human Rights with a glance to Iran’s criminal procedure law. Bioeth J Q 2016; 6(21): 177-199. | [
{
"display_name": "Bioethics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S31551615",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2301092275 | IRAN AND THE UNIVERSALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mehdi Zakerian",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023463235"
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] | [
{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
},
{
"display_name": "Right to property",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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{
"display_name": "Universality (dynamical systems)",
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"display_name": "Linguistic rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C543595228"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Cultural rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780339416"
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{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Law and economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190253527"
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{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
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{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636"
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] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2301092275 | A review of the events of the past decade and today's demands of the international community demonstrates how the expansion, inclusiveness and universality of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and United Nations Human Rights Covenants serve the common interests of all United Nations member states and nations. Moreover, the consensus of the international community on a series of rules such as the ban on torture and slavery, right to life, freedom of expression and alike - collectively known as fundamental rules of human rights - is inviolable. These two presumptions influence the institutionalization of human rights norms and support for human rights in every corner of the world, including Iran. For this purpose, which strategy can Iran make use of in the process of the universalization of human rights? While many international relations and international law scholars claim that the universality of human rights is a bridge connecting security and progress, putting aside this claim, we propose an answer to the key question of what Iran's optimum strategy towards the universality of human rights should be. This research argues that since every country's culture and native, age-old cultural, religious and national beliefs possess relative grounds of inclusiveness and universality, Iran's optimum strategy should be to seek a cross-cultural character of the fundamental rules of human rights. The author assesses the formation of human rights treaties and Iran's positions, cultural distinctions and types of universalities. Moreover, this study reviews the reservations about, and particular interpretations of human rights as well as theoretical and academic debates concerning the universality of human rights. Lastly, the author discusses cultural relativism and the impact of the cross-cultural character of the fundamental rules of human rights on compromise between relativism and universality of human rights. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3003645540 | Preliminary Phase of the Right of Assessment in Iran and France with Emphasis on One Article to Respect Legal Freedom and Protection of Citizenship Rights | [
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],
"display_name": "Hadi Ghorbani",
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{
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
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"display_name": "Torture",
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"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3003645540 | Abstract The right of citizenship in criminal law is one of the important cases in the field of human rights and has received attention from various human rights documents. In Iran's criminal law in various cases also respect to legal freedom and protection of citizenship rights. Besides trying to give more attention to citizenship rights based on fair assessment. An important question that can be raised in is howthe regulation to respect the legal freedom and protection of citizenship rights in Iranian law proportional to French law in terms of a fair assessment? The findings from this survey show that there is a compilation of regulation respecting legal freedom and protecting citizenship rights. In addition, there is an internalization effort to pay attention the human rights in criminal justice, in the form of action to eliminate the aggression against the rights of citizen and this rule emphasizes cases that consistent with French law. In the rules of respect for legal freedom and protection of citizenship rights, such as the rights of convicted people in France, it has emphasized the existence of freedom, personal security, prohibition of torture, self-respect of the accused by defending their rights and protecting themselves.Keywords: Freedom of law, human rights, citizenship rights, fair assessment, Iranian law, French law AbstrakHak kewarganegaraan dalam hukum pidana adalah salah satu kasus penting di bidang hak asasi manusia dan telah mendapatkan perhatian dari berbagai dokumen hak asasi manusia. Dalam hukum pidana Iran dalam berbagai kasus juga memberikan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak kewarganegaraan. Selain diupayakan untuk memberikan perhatian lebih terhadap hak kewarganegaraan berdasarkan penilaian yang adil. Pertanyaan pentingdalam hal ini adalah seberapa besar aturan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak kewarganegaraan dalam hukum Iran berbanding lurus dengan hukum Prancis dalam sudut pandang penilaian yang adil? Temuan-temuan dari survey ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya kompilasi aturan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak kewarganegaraan. Selain itu, adanya upaya internalisasi untuk memberikan perhatian terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam peradilan pidana, berupa tindakan untuk menghapus tindakan agresi terhadap hak-hak warga negara, dan aturan ini menekankan pada kasus-kasus yang relevan dengan hukum Prancis. Dalam aturan penghormatan terhadap kebebasan hukum dan perlindungan hak-hak kewarganegaraan, seperti hak-hak terpidana di Perancistelah ditekankan pada adanya kebebasan, keamanan pribadi, larangan penyiksaan, penghargaan diri orang yang tertuduh dengan membela hak-hak dan melindungi diri pribadi.Kata kunci: Kebebasan hukum, hak asasi manusia dan hak kewarganegaraan АннотацияПраво на гражданство в уголовном праве является одним из самых важных в области прав человека и привлекает внимание в различных документах по правам человека. В Иране уголовное право в различных случаях также уважает правовую свободу и сохранение гражданских прав и стремится уделять больше внимания гражданским правам на основе справедливого суждения. Важный вопрос, который может быть поднят в этом отношении, заключается в том, насколько правило уважения к правовой свободе и сохранению гражданских прав в иранском законодательстве прямопропорционально французскому законодательству с точки зрения справедливого суждения. Результаты этого исследования показывают, что существует свод правил, которые уважают правовую свободу и сохранение гражданских прав. Кроме того, предпринимаются усилия по интернализации, направленные на то, чтобы уделять внимание правам человека в сфере уголовного правосудия в форме ликвидации действий агрессии против гражданских прав. Данное положение подчеркивает случаи, которые соответствуют французскому законодательству. В правилах уважения правовой свободы и сохранения гражданских прав, таких как права осужденных во Франции, подчеркивается существование свободы, личной безопасности, запрета пыток, самооценки обвиняемого путем защиты их прав и себя. Ключевые слова: правовая свобода, права человека, гражданские права, справедливое суждение, иранское право, французское право | [
{
"display_name": "Jurnal Cita Hukum",
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"type": "journal"
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{
"display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2606285402 | State Immunity Trumps Rights to Fair Trial and Freedom from Torture | [
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{
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"display_name": "François Larocque",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "State immunity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779370464"
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
"display_name": "Convention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745"
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{
"display_name": "International law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825"
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{
"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2606285402 | English Abstract: This note aims to highlight recent developments in European human rights law through the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court). The author of this note reviews the Court’s judgment in Al-Adsani v United Kingdom, involving a civil claim brought in domestic courts against a foreign state for alleged acts of torture. The case, as in Bouzari v Iran, brings into play the competing international imperatives of state immunity and human rights enforcement. After reviewing the facts of the case, the author examines the court’s decision regarding the Applicant’s rights under the Convention, namely, his right to a judicial determination of civil claims as guaranteed by the right to a fair trial (Article 6) and his right not to be tortured (Article 3). The Court unanimously held that the Applicant’s rights under Article 3 had not been violated. The court was split 9-8 on the Article 6 issue, the majority holding that the violation was proportional and reasonable. The author finds that the court’s decision was flawed in two respects. Nonetheless, Al-Adsani is an important decision representing a unanimous and unequivocal statement of the fact that the human right to be free from torture is today a peremptory norm.
French Abstract: Cette note vise a mettre en evidence l’evolution recente du droit europeen des droits de l’homme en examinant la jurisprudence de la Cour europeenne des droits de l’homme (la Cour). L’auteur de la presente note passe en revue l’arret de la Cour dans l’affaire Al-Adsani c Royaume-Uni, qui porte sur une poursuite civile intentee dans un tribunal national contre un Etat etranger pour des allegations de torture. Cet arret, tel que l’arret Bouzari c Iran, met en jeu deux imperatifs internationaux en concurrence, soit, l’immunite des Etats et la mise en œuvre des droits de l’homme. Apres avoir examine les faits, l’auteur examine la decision de la Cour concernant les droits du requerant aux termes de la Convention, a savoir son droit a une decision judiciaire de poursuites civiles garantie par le droit a un proces equitable (Article 6) et son droit de ne pas etre torture (Article 3). La Cour a conclu a l’unanimite que les droits du requerant en matiere de l’article 3 n’avaient pas ete violes. La Cour etait divisee 9-8 sur la question de l’article 6, la majorite affirmant que la violation etait proportionnelle et raisonnable. L’auteur constate que la decision de la Cour a ete viciee a deux egards. Neanmoins, Al-Adsani est une decision importante representant une declaration unanime et sans equivoque du fait que l’interdiction de la torture est aujourd’hui une norme imperative du droit international. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W3164329922 | Individual and Social Rights in the Criminal Procedures: Some Challenges | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jamshid Gholamlu",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087387747"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
},
{
"display_name": "Suspect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778223634"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
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{
"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
},
{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "Criminal procedure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C504945742"
},
{
"display_name": "The Right to Privacy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C14587133"
}
] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3164329922 | This paper discuss about the conflict between community interests and the rights of individuals involved in criminal justice, especially the accused and suspects and how make necessary balance between them; That means in the criminal justice entities, including judicial officials and the media referring to the fundamental right freedom of expression and information in order to observe the public interest and benefit, their right to express and disclose information about suspects, accused of crimes charges and consider them. On the other hand, the suspect and charged based on their inalienable rights, namely the right to assume the innocent and the right to privacy, free speech right to run an absolute barrier implementation know their rights. This paper has been on the examination Iran laws and Case law, the laws of some countries and international and regional documents and particularly European Court of Human Rights Case law as a specialized agency in the judicial investigation in human rights, legal bindings or modify these rights should be presented. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of Legal Research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210180624",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3195570446 | The status of the cultural rights in the Islamic legal system and the fundamental laws of Iran،Iraq and Pakistan by looking at international documents. | [
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"display_name": "Javad Shayanfar",
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"display_name": "A Momeni",
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"display_name": "Islam",
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{
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
},
{
"display_name": "International law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825"
},
{
"display_name": "Sharia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168702047"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
}
] | [
"Iran",
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3195570446 | Among the countries whose form of government is based on the Islamic religious system and are required to adhere to Islamic principles and norms, Iran with Iraq and Pakistan, which are its western and eastern neighbors and have ancient cultural similarities to each other in this article in terms of cultural rights The nation has been compared Cultural law as an emerging part of human rights has been largely neglected, so that specific instances of these rights are not specified in the domestic laws of the countries in question, so in the following article, after examining international human rights instruments that are common to the international community, specific instances of law Cultural has been enumerated and then a comparative study of these rights has been discussed in the basic laws under discussion Considering the leading comparative study, it seems that the mentioned constitutions, despite the need to comply with Islamic principles and compatibility with international human rights documents, have weaknesses in the field of cultural rights and need to be supplemented and revised. Also, the religion of Islam is emphasized in none of the constitutions under discussion, and some others are expressed with intensity and weakness. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2562139702 | Deportation and Extradition from an International Perspective | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Zeynab Kiani",
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},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Zeynab Purkhaghan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034544297"
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{
"display_name": "Deportation",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Convention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745"
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
}
] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2562139702 | Deportation and extradition have been one of the long-standing issues in international law. After proposing new human rights' issues in the development of international law and human role in international relations, sometimes the question of deportation and extradition is in conflict with European human rights concept. It should distinguish between extradition with similar concepts such as delivery, transfer and dismissal. The extradition is the process that reflects the country's international collaboration and cooperation in the implementation of more stringent standards of criminal justice. Its successful implementation requires the cooperation of different countries in extradition with no political and security excuses. European Court of Human Rights as a judicial organ of the European Convention on Human Rights has issued sentences in its practice regarding some of these conflicts. Researcher with knowledge of neglecting the debate in the Iranian legal system, insists to evaluate the performance of the Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights in relation to deportation and extradition and procedure that the European Court has dealt using analytical methods to review the extradition from different angles and it is hoped that open a step for progress in Iran's penal policy and the legal in the international arena. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of politics and law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210193113",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1480636193 | Examining defense rights of the accused at the stage of preliminary investigation in Iran laws (with a human rights approach) | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Fathollah Niaziatabay",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ehsan Pahlevani Fard",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037214603"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Alireza Hassni",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Elahe Pahlevani Fard",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036733128"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781287902"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1480636193 | Preliminary investigation is one of the most important stages in Criminal Procedure which has a major impact on process of verdict issuance. Carrying out an appropriate preliminary investigation may guarantee achieving criminal justice. Thus, the legal principles governing the preliminary investigation stage have a significant value and status; so that, states in their criminal procedure codes, dedicate special parts to it. In addition to national laws, international human rights documents also have specific attention to the accused rights in the face of judiciary authors. This is because; violating the individual rights at different stages of criminal trial is possible. As mentioned above, legislators of many states have recognized the legal principles governing on preliminary investigation stage. Iranian legislator is not an exception, too. This article tries to answer how the accused rights at the preliminary investigation stage are guaranteed? In order to answering this question, present paper seeks to deduct legal principles from Iran’s domestic law that guarantees the rights of the accused at the stage of preliminary investigation. Furthermore, these principles have been evaluated in international human rights instruments, too. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2509078095 | Muslim Women's Contributions to Drafting CEDAW: An Untold Narrative | [
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"Iran",
"Somalia"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2509078095 | One of the most challenging encounters between Islamic and international human rights law comes in the shape of women's human rights. This can be clearly seen in the ratification process of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). The treaty, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 18 December 1979, has been hailed as an international bill of women's rights and is the most comprehensive treaty in the field, with 188 ratifications. But it is also the treaty that, upon signature and ratification, attracted the largest number of reservations from states. Amongst those states entering reservations, some Muslim states specifically mentioned Islam and Islamic law as their reasons, whilst others did not invoke religious grounds. A third group of Muslim states ratified CEDAW without entering any reservations at all, or entered reservations to Article 29 alone, whilst a fourth group (Iran and Somalia) have neither signed nor ratified the treaty. In keeping with the interpretative plurality of the Islamic legal traditions, there is little uniformity in the positions adopted by Muslim states towards CEDAW, in the articles reserved, or indeed in the text of those reservations. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2547551893 | The defendant's right to counsel in criminal justice authorities; manifestation of civil rights | [
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] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2547551893 | Citizens' rights are basic human rights that God has created it with his alter ego. One of the most important teachings of human rights, the rights of the accused, guarantee and support throughout the judicial process In light of the provision of legal mechanisms necessary for the support and assistance of counsel in the criminal proceedings. The realization of the rights of the accused in the possibility to benefit from selective lawyers, elected and free of foundations and civil rights deemed fundamental effects. Custodians of transnational criminal policy through a number of binding documents and guidance on global and regional levels, And criminal policy of Iran in the shadow of Fratqnyny regulations, legislation, legislative down The right of access to legal counsel and defendants in support of having it identified and finally to have recognized. Unfortunately, enforcement officials mentioned the many challenges faced, thus, in this study the role and mechanisms for supporting this noble human rights approach, one of the main important factors in protecting citizens' rights and guarantee a fair trial in a criminal case will be discussed. Please cite this article as: Mahdavipour A, Naghibi SMR. The defendant's right to counsel in criminal justice authorities; manifestation of civil rights. Bioeth J Q 2016; 6(21): 157-176. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2564886668 | Pathological Analysis of the Charter of Citizenship Rights in Iran in Judicial Rights Terms with a Focus on Human Dignity | [
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{
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{
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"display_name": "Masoud Raei",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004321937"
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{
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{
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"Iran"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2757399608",
"https://openalex.org/W3121810420"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2564886668 | Judicial right is one of the most significant fields of citizenship rights. A large part of the right legal instances become considerable when a citizen is under suspicion. To codify the examples of legal rights principally, the concept of human dignity needs to be the focal point on a constant basis. In the case of ignoring this criterion in arranging the constitutional rights the justice would not be attained, and the legal security of the citizens would be disrupted.Within the constitutional rights of Iran, the charter of the citizenship rights as a comprehensive document considered within the constitutional right field. In the preface and principles of this document human dignity is confirmed as one of the most significant factors in codifying the citizenship rights. However, in the continuation and in the arrangement of the instances of the citizenship rights this criterion has not been considered as expected.The charter of the constitutional rights compared to previous rules of it has no significant innovation. Two groups of factors have caused the insignificant role of human dignity within the judicial rights. The first groups include the general factors such as presenting an inaccurate definition of citizen and mingling the instances of human rights with examples of rights. The second group of factors that mostly relate the lack of precise positioning towards some of the accepted principles of the legal right has provided the possibility of violating human dignity in this charter. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of politics and law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210193113",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3122920307 | The Kafka-esque Case of Sheikh Mansour Leghaei: The Denial of the International Human Right to a Fair Hearing in National Security Assessments and Migration Proceedings in Australia | [
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11171543"
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"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122920307 | This article examines the near-total denial of fair hearing rights under Australian law to non-permanent resident, non-citizens whom the national authorities suspect are national security risks to Australia, closely analysing of the case of Dr Sheikh Mansour Leghaei, an Iranian national expelled from Australia in June 2010. It argues, first, that the statutory elimination of procedural fairness rights violates the international human right to a fair hearing in the expulsion of aliens under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘ICCPR’). Affected persons and their legal representatives are denied any effective opportunity to see and test the essential allegations and evidence grounding an adverse security assessment. Administrative review tribunals and federal courts are also precluded from any substantive role in testing the reliability of evidence. Whether the person is indeed a risk to national security cannot be rationally determined. Secondly, this article concludes that denying fair hearing rights to non-permanent resident, non-citizens amounts to unjustifiable discrimination on the basis of ‘national origin’ or ‘other status’ (temporary migrant status), breaching the ICCPR’s non-discrimination and equal protection guarantees. Thirdly, it finds that an affected person’s expulsion from Australia without a fair hearing may violate family rights under the ICCPR and children’s rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2544422710 | Comparative Analysis between Traditional and Modern Criminal Procedure Code | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sajad Fatahi Zafarqandi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049780165"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Vaziri Majid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000084997"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C504945742"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
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] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2544422710 | The criminal procedure code has been regarded as one of the most important and substantial codes in every state among which a major part of the criminal general discipline and criminal justice is enforced. The judicial, procedural systems and criminal procedure code regulations in Iran have been transformed during the previous decade. These transformations caused some irregularities and anomalies in judicial system and citizenship rights state in addition to organizing the criminal procedure code such that everyone witnessed these anomalies at the time of the courts’ law and courts’ resorting law. The changed in qualification of the prosecuting entity and the related section, carefully explaining the duties and the authorities of the prosecutor and investigator, allocating the enforcements due to security and legal responsibilities, practical exclusion of the investigating judge and the responsibilities of judicial court administrator and its transfer to the investigator and prosecutor, organizing the prosecutors’ and judicial references and judges’ duties and responsibilities, and so forth as well as attempting to harmonize the criminal procedure system with fair procedure system principles codified in international human rights declaration, international political and civil rights treaty and other relevant human rights documents in line with respecting for all human rights liberties and rights as identified rules in international rights and as a result, highlighting the human right approach to this issue and tendency to practical mixed investigation and procedure system. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210193113",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3187780212 | Human Rights and Citizen Rights on the Opinion of the Middle Eastern Islamic States with Emphasis on the Iranian Constitution | [
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"display_name": "Rights of Nature",
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{
"display_name": "Linguistic rights",
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{
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] | [
"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3187780212 | Human rights and Citizen Rights are both derived from natural and inherent rights of all people and historically have been uniquely addressed among the various world thinkers and by the various schools of religious thought. It is unfortunately true however that until the end of the Second World War the idea of human rights did not find a place in a wider arena of thought. Although with the declaration of human rights in 1948 and owing to other related conventions, human rights became a world-wide phenomena and many governments in the Middle-East still have not accepted all its clauses. These governments having stated that some aspects of the world human right laws are at odds with the Koranic teachings balk at carrying out their duties with respect to human and citizen rights. Citizen’s rights are those class of people’s rights which are given as national rights according to the constitution of relevant countries and as such cover only the citizens of the relevant nations. The passage of the constitution of the I.R.I encompassing sections 19, 23, 24, 26, 32, 47, ... which had contained the equal rights and citizen’s rights had generated great hope that the people of Iran will again after much time regain their human rights and citizen’s rights. The manner that these rights are accepted and are made to coexist with the Sharia and the way the populace of the nations in the Middle East are taught and informed on their quest for human rights and citizen’s rights are among the most noteworthy guides of their governments in carrying out its relevant duties. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S161027966",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2296641059 | FAIR TRIAL AND DEFENCE RIGHTS IN CRIMINAL MATTERS: AN INTRODUCTION | [
{
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"display_name": "Stéphanie Lagoutte",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C42027317"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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"Iran"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W625823233",
"https://openalex.org/W1216811088",
"https://openalex.org/W1519075194"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2296641059 | The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive and clear presentation of the international human rights framework relevant to the right to a fair trial. This article also has focused on the right to a defence and the rights of the defence in international human rights law. The legal sources referred to in this article are the major international legal instruments dealing with the right to a fair trial. In order to find examples and more detailed explanations, it also refers to the case-law developed by some of the international bodies in charge of looking at complaints from individuals, i.e. mostly the United Nations’ Human Rights Committee, in charge of applying the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) from 1966 and the European Court of Human Rights, which is the most relevant international human rights mechanism for more than forty European countries. Some of the international standards that the article refers to are actually legally binding for the countries which are parties to them; that is the case of the ICCPR. Others are belonging to the category of soft law, as for example the basic principles on the role of lawyers established by the United Nations, which are not as such legally binding, but participate in creating a larger legal framework13. It is this framework which is presented in this article in order to understand the coherence of the safeguards that have been put in place concerning criminal proceedings. It ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ * Corresponding Author's E-mail: [email protected] Stephanie Lagoutte is a Doctor of law from the University of Paris I, Pantheon-Sorbone. He is a Researcher at the Danish Institute for Human Rights. This article is based on a lecture given on the ٢٤ of June at the Human Rights Course for Iranian Participants organized by the Danish Institute for Human Rights, Copenhagen, Denmark. ١. Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers, adcpted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of offender, Havana, Cuba, ٢٧ August to ٧ September ١٩٩٠. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1431258282 | The crowbar to universality: implications of ‘equal in rights’ | [
{
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1431258282 | In May 2003, at Mofid University in Iran’s holy city of Qom, an institution for the academic education of Islamic clerics, I had the pleasure of listening to Titia Loenen’s presentation of her paper for a Conference Workshop on “Human Rights: Universality versus Cultural Diversity.” It was very well attended, particularly by young women from all over Iran, wearing—like Titia herself—their obligatory, yet joyous headscarves. What Professor Loenen addressed was Human Rights, Universality and Gender Bias. 2 Bypassing secondary issues such as the legally mandated female attire, her critique was on the international human rights framework, questioning the true universality of its nature. Her point was that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Charter-Based declarations, and the Treaty-Based instruments that followed reflect an inherent assumption that the human being is male. Since the entire post-WWII venture is founded upon the non-discrimination principle, women ought to be protected by these rights no less than men. Yet, how have these rights actually been defined? With a central focus on the risks people face in the public sphere, which men are generally concerned about, Loenen concluded. Now attention is to be drawn to the private sphere, the domain where women tend to face substantial risks. Naturally, she referred here to domestic violence, pointing to “the invisibility of human rights violations in the private sphere.” Domestic violence, that “regretfully universal phenomenon,” is absent from the International Bill of Human Rights, and, one may add, even from the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). 3 The prevalence of domestic violence must be truly seen as one of the major components in the “global human rights deficit.” 4 | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2562583985 | Ways to Defend Citizenship Rights in Civil Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Republic of Tajikistan | [
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"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2562583985 | Given enforceable rules and regulations that govern the relations of individuals in society, two kinds of rights can be derived: private and public. When we speak about the citizen and his/her rights, we mean a set of private and public law that governs social relationships. In fact, expression of citizenship rights means that every person enjoys as being a citizen of a country. The importance of the citizenship rights is to the extent that is closely related to place the rule of finds and even some experts believe that a society in which the rights of citizens and the relationship between people and government falters cannot be established. Guarantee of the fundamental rights of citizens, primarily implies by inserting these rights in the constitution of every country act. In other words, it takes an effective step in the process of constitution rule of law, freedom and enjoyment of facilities and take citizenship. But we must consider the fact that the protection and safeguarding of the rights of individual citizens is on the shoulders of all powers and government agencies that have the necessary measures to protect the rights of citizens. Besides, their executive units operate in all administrative formalities the rights of citizens and legal and in the case of not conforming citizens' rights are not overwhelm the device government should have a competent judicial authorities that the rights of individuals against the government defend the principles of a fair trial. So the fundamental rights of citizens included in the constitution and other laws, required to comply with these rights by the state, there is a competent judicial body that complaints about violation of their people by governmental agencies and monitor governmental bodies are responsible in this regard. All of them are standards implementation and guarantee of the rights of citizenship in a democratic society. Comparative analysis of compliance standards in the legal system of Iran and Tajikistan is a major point of discussion at the end, to recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of both countries and richer the implementation and monitoring of the implementation of the rights to use the experiences of the countries. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210193113",
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https://openalex.org/W1568968590 | The Sovereignty of Children in Law | [
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"Iran"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1568968590 | The system of the United Nations, as well as many international and regional bodies, imposes various duties on states that consequently have obligations towards the rights of their individuals. This is particularly significant in the case of children who are not only considered one of the most valuable subjects of international regulations, but are also an integral part of the legislation of domestic laws. Despite the fact that laws concerning the rights of children are well settled in the international sphere, and are recognized under the jus cogens norms, national laws about children, or national laws having an effect on children, are still not completely adequate. Many legislative and cultural practices expose the fact that children are not recognized as the holders of rights. National legal authorities should not, in accordance with the existing international legislations, plead provisions of their own laws or deficiencies of those laws in response to a request against them for alleged violations of children's rights that have occurred under their jurisdiction. In fact, the absence of appropriate legislation within national legal systems and the reluctance of legal authorities to seriously take children's rights into consideration, have been two of the key reasons for the contraventions of children's rights in national or international conflicts. Strange as it may seem, when we do not respect the rights of others, it might be considered a civil violation or a crime. But when the rights of children are violated it has, on many occasions, been dismissed as custom or argued that they gave their express consent. For example, in the nineties, when a child of 11 was raped in Sweden, the judgment concluded that there was an implicit consent. Similarly, when a child of seven was raped by an Iranian priest in a Mosque, it was judged as the victim receiving spiritual enlightenment. By analogy with the rules which exist to provide legal, social and economic aid to the victims of national or international crimes, it may be possible to suggest that there is an established legal duty for all states to provide access to resources which can, under reasonable criteria, protect children from the improper conducts of individuals, organisations, and the administration of justice. It is, in principle, true that literally millions of people believe that children are their property or that a child has no rights of his or her own, and thus the conduct of parents, guardians, representatives of organisations, and the administration of justice relating to children are permitted as a matter of law or nature. This book examines many different areas within the law which deal with the specific rights of children such as the philosophy of law, civil law, social law, tax law, criminal law, procedural law, international law, human rights law and the humanitarian law of armed conflict. The intention is to show that there are many rules, provisions, norms, and principles within various areas of the law that relate to the rights of children. The extent of these rights implies the existence of certain regions of law which have to be acknowledged and respected by national authorities. However, the acknowledgement of rights is also a matter of intention, and may be implied or expressed by the practice of authorities. The question of the child constituting a self-ruling subject of justice and its legal ability to create an independent individual legal personality for the protection of its rights, but not necessarily for the exercise of those rights, are the central issues of this book. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W2023637207 | Courting Access to Asylum in Europe: Recent Supranational Jurisprudence Explored | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023637207 | This article explores access to refugee protection, which in practice means access to a place of refuge, in light of various barriers to protection erected by European States. First, European States increasingly extend their border controls beyond their territorial borders and co-operate in order to prevent those seeking protection from reaching their territory. Yet, legal obligations, in particular the principle of non-refoulement, may continue to apply to these activities, as the concept of ‘jurisdiction’ in human rights law develops. Second, they engage a further, diametrically opposed move, where they purport to act as a single zone of protection, and allocate responsibility for asylum claimants in a manner that also hinders access to protection. The aim of this article is to explore the recent responses of Europe’s two supranational courts, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or ‘Strasbourg’) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or ‘Luxembourg’), in confronting these attempts to limit and manage access to protection in the EU. Its focus is the ECtHR ruling in Hirsi Jamaa v Italy (condemning Italy’s pushback of migrants intercepted on boats in the Mediterranean to Libya), as well as that in MSS v Belgium and Greece (concerning the Dublin system for allocation of responsibility for processing asylum claims) and the subsequent CJEU ruling in NS/ME. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2362536734 | The Deterrent Effects of the International Criminal Court: Evidence from Libya | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2362536734 | The International Criminal Court (ICC) was designed to try the worst war criminals for crimes against humanity, genocide, and other instances of mass human suffering. By providing a permanent, international mechanism to hold perpetrators of mass human rights abuse accountable, the ICC is also meant to be a deterrent—to prevent potential genocidaires from committing systematic human rights abuses in the first place. But what if the effect is actually quite the opposite? While advocates of international justice have made conjectures about the effect of the ICC on stopping human rights abuses, the existing scholarship does not empirically test assumptions about the relationship between international criminal justice and violence. This article outlines the causal mechanisms by which the ICC could affect ongoing violence and tests these assumptions using event count models of the relationship between the ICC and the level of violence against civilians in Libya during the 2011 crisis. These analyses suggest that the ICC’s involvement in conflict does have a dampening effect on the level of mass atrocities committed. The results also call for a broad and sustained research agenda on the effect of international accountability efforts on ongoing violence. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1597575460 | African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights - Response to the Situation in Libya | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1597575460 | This Insight highlights the relationships, dynamics, and cooperation that led to the African Human Rights Court’s Order against Libya in the case African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v. Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. In particular, it emphasizes the complex relationship between the African Union, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (“African Human Rights Commission”), the African Human Rights Court, and non-governmental organizations (“NGOs”). | [
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https://openalex.org/W1518662819 | 'The best interests of the child': international child law as interpreted in the Libyan High Court jurisdiction | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1518662819 | The intent of this thesis is to examine how local cultures affect the interpretation of international human rights law. By exploring the Islamic legal system in its approach to the concept of ‘the best interests of the child’ and, more specifically, the approach of the Libyan legal system through a study of existing legislation and Libyan High Court (LHC) interpretation as revealed in its decisions, this thesis aims to show how the cultural background affects the interpretation of international human rights in domestic legal systems. The approach adopted in studying the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC), Libyan law and Islamic law, has been to examine: CROC and its official implementation body, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and its responses to the reports of the State party (Libya); Libyan legislation, specifically the provisions of the Law of Marriage and Divorce Rules and their Effects (10/1984) and its interpretation by the LHC regarding its guardianship jurisdiction; and an examination of guardianship (Hadanah) from the perspective of the Islamic schools of thought (Mathhabs), with the focus on the Malikiyah Mathhab, as the official and historical Islamic interpretation applying in Libya. The main question addressed here is: ‘How is the international human rights concept of “the best interests of the child” being implemented in the Libyan legal system?’ Having examined relevant data and evidence for the research areas selected and the questions formulated, the thesis argues that the interpretation of international human rights in domestic legal systems will inevitably, understandably and legitimately be affected by local cultures. This process of ‘translation’ occurs when legislatures take concepts outlined in international law and seek to integrate or restate them within domestic legislation. It is evident in the approach that Libya has taken to implementing ‘the best interests of the child’, where the influence of Islamic law is apparent. The ‘best interests of the child’ has also been an area of concern for, and a focus of interpretation by, the LHC in the implementation by Libyan law of the international law. The CRC claims that Libyan law does not cater for the needs of the child. This thesis has proven otherwise and shown examples and cases (representative of different situations) which illustrate how ‘the best interests of the child’ have been catered for. There are cultural differences that exist among and within countries and among lawmakers of the various countries, and Libya is no exception. Yet legislation is in place to uphold and protect the rights of all citizens, including those of children. Although reasons may vary, as may beliefs, the underlying aim of most systems of law is to take into consideration ‘the best interests of the child’. The Libyan legal system has aimed to cater for the needs of the children and take into account ‘the best interests of the child’ according to the circumstances that pertain to each case. Thus, ‘the best interests of the child’ are clearly exercised and affected by the cultural values. This thesis has also shown that this area of research is, as a whole, one worthy of further development and examination. α Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding Observations: Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. 04/07/2003 [7]–[8], UN Doc CRC/C/15/Add.209 (2003) at 18 April 2008. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2605313900 | Human Rights at the International Criminal Court: Testing the Limits of Judicial Discretion | [
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"Libya"
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"https://openalex.org/W1966470963"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2605313900 | The future of the International Criminal Court ( icc ) is uncertain. The system established by the Rome Statute of the icc ensures that priority is given to domestic prosecutions, while at the same time, it imbues international values into national systems. The approach of the Court to the rights of the accused and victims’ rights poses challenges. In the Al Senussi complementarity decision, the icc refused to act as a human rights court and rendered the case inadmissible, notwithstanding the death penalty threatening the accused if tried in Libya. Does the same reasoning hold true in other circumstances? The article explores the relationship between human rights law and international criminal law with specific reference to the principle of complementarity and argues that judicial discretion is central in the assessment of the degree of human rights protection at the icc . | [
{
"display_name": "Nordic Journal of International Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S38593109",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3014286133 | The Role of African Court on Human and Peoples’ Right for Human Rights Protection: The Case of Libyan Crises | [
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"Libya"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2098866580",
"https://openalex.org/W2129165909",
"https://openalex.org/W3123563480",
"https://openalex.org/W4243189148"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3014286133 | The emergence of regional human rights systems depicts one of the greatest achievements in the internationalization of human rights. The foundation of the charter paved the way for the birth of the court thereafter. The African Court is established by virtue of the 1998 protocol to the Charter and the court is built upon an arsenal of protective and remedial techniques. The establishment of the court has reset the stage and created a new platform for the protection of human rights in Africa. The cardinal objective of the paper is to investigate the role of African Court on human and Peoples’ rights protection in Libya Crises taking the case of Saif Al Islam Gaddafi. The paper has utilized qualitative methodology. The government of Libya responded with brutal force against civilian protesters in contravention of international human rights and humanitarian law. The security force of the government of Libya killed many protesters as well. This situation intensified human rights violations and enforced many of the peoples to displace. The court issued an important ruling in March 2011, ordering provisional measures against Libya in the armed conflict in its territory. Libyan government denied the claims of human rights violations in its territory and showed its willingness to subject itself to criminal investigations by the Court if necessary. The issue of the fund, independence, commitment and competence of judges to interpret mandate and jurisdiction, the willingness of the states to support and to abide by court decisions, and powers of the concerned body to enforce court decisions hampered the court from being effective. Generally, unless African States act in good faith with respect to the decisions of the African Human Rights Court, the court becomes no more significant. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3013069260 | Human Rights Due Diligence Policies Applied to Extraterritorial Cooperation to Prevent “Irregular” Migration: European Union and United Kingdom Support to Libya | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3013069260 | Abstract Extraterritorial cooperation—including by providing funds, equipment, training, and technical support—has become central to policies aimed at preventing access of refugees and “irregular” migrants to particular countries and regions. But cooperating countries and international organizations have due diligence obligations under human rights law to take all reasonable steps to ensure that the cooperation they provide does not result in human rights violations, even when the violations are perpetrated extraterritorially by third parties. Consequently, they can become liable for the failure to exercise due diligence to prevent human rights violations from occurring in the receiving states. Also, they may incur responsibility for the resulting acts where they knowingly aided or assisted the receiving state to commit human rights violations with the support provided. International organizations and some states have begun to adopt human rights due diligence policies to assess and mitigate the risks of such cooperation. Using the examples of European Union and United Kingdom support to Libya, this Article analyzes the due diligence policies they have applied to extraterritorial cooperation in the area of border control and the detention of refugees and other migrants. It finds that the policies as implemented have provided only superficial scrutiny and argues that they should be made more robust and transparent. Ultimately, this will help mitigate the human rights risks associated with extraterritorial assistance, and ideally help ensure that assistance contributes to the strengthening of human rights protections in recipient countries. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1606312819 | Proportionality in Counterinsurgency: A Relational Theory | [
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{
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"Libya",
"Iraq",
"Israel"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1606312819 | At a time when the United States has undertaken high-stakes counterinsurgency campaigns in three countries (Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan) while offering support to insurgents in a fourth (Libya), it is striking that the international legal standards governing the use of force in counterinsurgency remain unsettled and deeply controversial. Some authorities have endorsed norms from international humanitarian law as lex specialis, while others have emphasized international human rights as minimum standards of care for counterinsurgency operations. This Article addresses the growing friction between international human rights and humanitarian law in counterinsurgency by developing a relational theory of the use of force. The central insight is that a state’s authority to use force under international law is derived from, and constrained by, the fiduciary character of its relationship with its people. This relational conception of state sovereignty offers an attractive normative framework for addressing conflicts between human rights and humanitarian law. When states engage in internal armed conflict and belligerent occupation, their assertion of control over an affected population entails a concomitant fiduciary obligation to satisfy the strict proportionality standard of international human rights law. Conversely, when states defend their people in traditional international armed conflict and transnational armed conflict against non-state actors, international humanitarian law ordinarily supplies the applicable proportionality standard. Examples from conflicts in Afghanistan, Argentina, Israel, Libya, and Russia illustrate how the relational approach to choice-of-law analysis could lay a more coherent and principled foundation for counterinsurgency regulation under international law. | [
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https://openalex.org/W208054614 | The Law of the Sea and Human Rights in the Hirsi Jamaa and Others v. Italy Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W208054614 | The question of extraterritorial applicability of the principle of non-refoulement – as implicitly present in Article 3 ECHR – on the high seas was decided by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on 23 February 2012 in Hirsi Jamaa and Others v. Italy. The ECtHR found that the applicants had fallen within the jurisdiction of Italy as in the period between boarding onto the Italian ships on the high seas and being handed over to the Libyan authorities, the applicants had been under the continuous and exclusive de jure and de facto control of the Italian authorities. This chapter will deal with the impact of this judgment on the law of the sea rules concerning search and rescue at sea. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3014342771 | Reconstructing Westphalian Sovereignty as an Effort to Enforce Human Rights Case Study: Humanitarian Intervention in the Libyan Conflict | [
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{
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"Libya"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1577918325",
"https://openalex.org/W2010861528"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3014342771 | State sovereignty and humanitarian intervention are two sides of a coin, presenting a threat to human rights enforcement, especially when human rights violation is done by the state. Failure from a state to provide human rights protection for its citizen will lead to intervention from the international community to enforce human rights in the name of humanitarian norms. The humanitarian intervention will indirectly weaken the principles of Westphalian state sovereignty as the main premise in the politics of international relations. This article is a case study of the Libyan conflict in 2011. This study uses the constructivism approach to analyze the contrasting relation between the principles of traditional Westphalian sovereignty and humanitarian intervention concept, and how this relationship may shift the human rights norms in the international community. In the constructivism approach, it is not enough to offer a causal explanation in order to understand international politics. Instead, it needs a more interpretative understanding. Hence, this study is conducted with a qualitative method, a critical approach to human rights in contemporary international politics. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2768678392 | Countering migrant smuggling in the Mediterranean Sea under the mandate of the UN Security Council: what protection for the fundamental rights of migrants? | [
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{
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2768678392 | With resolution 2240 (2015), the UN Security Council, invoking Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, has authorised member states, acting nationally or through regional organisations, to enforce exceptional powers regarding inspection and seizure of vessels allegedly involved in human trafficking or migrant smuggling in international waters off the Libyan coast. As pointed out in the resolution, the UN Security Council took these actions ‘with a view to saving the threatened lives of migrants or of victims of human trafficking on board such vessels’ and in order ‘to promote and protect effectively the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migration status’. However, it is questionable whether, in practice, the authorised measures offer effective and concrete human rights guarantees to smuggled migrants. After setting the political and diplomatic context which led to the subsequent involvement of the UN Security Council, the present contribution aims at discussing some issues arising from resolution 2240 (2015), with a particular focus on the legal basis and the adequacy of the action authorised in order to counter migrant smuggling in light of the international obligations to protect fundamental rights of migrants. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S139935717",
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|
https://openalex.org/W1581725570 | Theories of State Compliance With International Law: Assessing the African Union’s Ability to Ensure State Compliance With the African Charter and Constitutive Act | [
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"display_name": "Stacy-Ann Elvy",
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{
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] | [
"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1581725570 | May 26, 2011, marked the ten-year anniversary of the establishment of the African Union, and with the sudden death of Muammar al Gaddafi, who was instrumental in the creation of the African Union, the time is ripe to fully re-assess the ability of the African Union to ensure state compliance with the Constitutive Act of the African Union (Constitutive Act) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter). The African continent has a long history of massive human rights abuses. Prior to 2001, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was responsible for ensuring that African states complied with international law and respected the human rights of their citizens. Given the OAU’s many failures, including its inability to stop or prevent human rights violations, member states of the OAU elected to overhaul the OAU and establish the African Union on May 26, 2001. Previous writings by legal scholars on the African Union have generally concluded that the African Union, like its predecessor the OAU, has been unable to protect human rights in Africa or ensure state compliance with the democratic and human rights principles set forth in the African Charter. This Article contributes to the body of scholarship on the effectiveness of the African Union by analyzing the African Union’s response to the political and humanitarian crises in Madagascar, Guinea-Conakry, Zimbabwe, Libya, and Kenya from both a realist and institutionalist perspective on state compliance with international law. This Article argues that while the African Union’s handling of the crises in Madagascar and Guinea-Conakry indicates that the African Union is successfully providing incentives for its smaller and less powerful member states to comply with the Constitutive Act and the African Charter, the African Union’s ultimate resolution of the crisis in Zimbabwe and its feeble responses to the political turmoil in Libya and Kenya signal that the African Union continues to be plagued by a number of problems, including, but not limited to, the following: limited political will, failure to timely and uniformly impose sanctions, state reporting failures, and inadequately drafted governing instruments. This Article will propose a number of solutions to these problems, such as revising the African Charter to eliminate claw-back clauses, amending the Constitutive Act, revising the protocol establishing the Peace and Security Council to remove the principle of equitable regional representation and rotation, better utilizing the African Union Commission on International Law, and revising the protocols establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Court of Justice and Human Rights. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W1513895098 | Cultural idiosyncrasies and religion: Why it is difficult to implement the third Millennium Development Goal | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Wendy Isaacs-Martin",
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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] | [
"Libya"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1972719888",
"https://openalex.org/W1999248617",
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"https://openalex.org/W2104479439",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1513895098 | abstract The BBC highlighted in 2011 that Libyan women and girls raped by pro-Gaddafi forces faced another cultural challenge of honour killing. Harter (BBC, 14 June, 2011) claims that raped women have shamed their families by dishonouring their male relatives and this dishonour can only be cleansed by murdering the victims. Such events highlight the complex nature of religious and cultural beliefs within conservative societies. What is interpreted as religion and lays claim to Islamic teachings, is often the result of the integration of cultural peculiarities within religion. The question posed in this Open Forum is whether the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for women's achievement of MDG 3 - promote gender equality and empower women - are obstructed by non-secular cultural expression and practices in many Africa countries, even if the MDGs have political support. The objectives of this Open Forum are firstly, to assert that, as in the case of the Musawah Project, that reviewed documents for 44 countries from 2005–2010, has examined the reluctance of governments to implement the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the approach to the MDGs needs to be mediated with sensitivity in the context of non-secular community cultural interpretations of gender equality and women's empowerment. Secondly, it is asserted that when culture is fused with religion, the practice of confining women to primary spaces in the private sphere is legitimated with problematic consequences for women's involvement in education, politics and the economy. It is argued that the implementation of the MDG relating to gender equality in many African countries needs to be viewed in conjunction with CEDAW to understand the influence of culture and religion upon women's lives and the specific contexts in which women's equality and gender empowerment hold social relevance and meaning. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210205596",
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|
https://openalex.org/W1721626359 | Trattamento dei migranti clandestini e rispetto degli obblighi internazionali sui diritti umani | [
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"display_name": "Giuseppe Palmisano",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C544040105"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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{
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{
"display_name": "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781329779"
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{
"display_name": "Repatriation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779306362"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992360739"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C136800757"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
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{
"display_name": "Law and economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190253527"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
}
] | [
"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1721626359 | - The legislative and operational measures recently adopted by Italy in order to prevent and repress clandestine immigration raise the problem of their consistency with Italy's international obligations conncerning the protection of human rights. With a view to assessing the actual terms of such a problem, contents and extent of the protection to be afforded to irregular migrants, under the international law of human rights, must be preliminarily determined. Considering the specific legal situation of Italy, in the light of its participation both to the European Convention of Human Rights and to the International Covenants on Human Rights, as well as to many other conventions dealing with the protection of human rights, it clearly turns out that Italy is internationally bound to respect and protect a number of basic rights of irregular migrants. Such rights include, at the very least, the right to life, the right not to be subjected to torture (or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment), and the right not to be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. Respect for such rights also implies an absolute non-refoulement obligation, that is an obligation not to expel or return an irregular migrant to another State where there is an actual risk that his or her rights would be violated. Moreover, basic rights of clandestine immigrants include the right to family unity, the right not to be subjected to collective expulsion, and (closely linked with this latter right) the right to a fair and transparent procedure of expulsion or repatriation, implying a reasonable and objective examination of the particular case of each individual. Turning to economic, social and cultural rights, an internationally lawful treatment of irregular migrants requires compliance with international obligations protecting the right to health and medical care, the right to primary education, and some core labour rights. The principle of non discrimination plays obviously a crucial role in view of correctly implementing all these international obligations with respect to the specific situation of irregulars migrants. Lastly, special and stronger human rights protection is required when the irregular migrants are children, or victims of trafficking in persons. In the light of the international human rights obligations which are applicable to the peculiar situation of irregular migrants, some of the legislative and operational measures adopted by Italy to struggle against clandestine immigration seem indeed to be inconsistent not only with such obligations (and with the increasing international trend towards the "non criminalization" of clandestine immigrants by reason of their irregular position), but also - at least in part - with the EU legal standards provided for by the recent 2008/115/EC Directive on common standards and procedures for returning illegally staying third-country nationals. This seems to be true, for example, with regard both to the new Article 10 bis inserted in the Legislative Decree n. 286 on immigration, introducing the crime of clandestine immigration, and to the new paragraph 11 bis of Art. 61 of the Criminal Code, introducing a general aggravating circumstance consisting in the irregular status of the immigrant author of a crime. But this seems particularly true and blameworthy with regard to the practice of intercepting crumbling boats full of migrants on the high seas and coercively driving them back to Libya. | [
{
"display_name": "Diritti umani e diritto internazionale",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169861",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W174642527 | Rebels, Negligent Support, and State Accountability: Holding States Accountable for the Human Rights Violations of Non-State Actors | [
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"display_name": "Graham Cronogue",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] | [
"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W174642527 | This Note discusses a crucial problem in the law of state accountability for human rights abuses. Specifically, it analyzes the difficulty of attaching liability when a state negligently supports a group that it should reasonably expect to commit human rights abuses. This note shows that the current legal framework governing attribution stems from a myopic focus on non-state actors acting like arms of the state. Indeed, the current tests require that the state have an extraordinarily high level of control over the non-state actors before liability can attach. This requirement not only creates perverse incentives for states to acquire less control over the non-state groups they fund, but it also makes the goal of state responsibility illusory. INTRODUCTION State support of anti-government rebels has become a pressing concern for world governance. With the advent of new weapons and technology, rebel groups have become increasingly lethal and strategically effective. As rebels become more effective at overthrowing regimes, they also become more attractive investments for states that want to see regime change. While this transnational support frequently violates the U.N. Charter's prohibition on interference, it also has profound human rights implications. Rebel groups lack the discipline and control often characteristic of traditional state-run militaries. (1) Without this discipline, individual rebels or rebel units are far more likely to commit human rights abuses against their former oppressors, be they soldiers or civilians, than their state-run counterparts. (2) Thus, by arming or funding an armed rebel group, a state creates a nontrivial risk that the rebels will use this support to engage in human rights violations. Yet, while state accountability for supporting groups that specifically aim to commit human rights violations, such as terrorists and death squads, receives robust consideration in academic circles, (3) scholars have devoted considerably less attention to what this Note calls Negligent support refers to state support (4) of a rebel group that the state should reasonably expect will commit human rights violations, but the state does not actually intend for these violations to occur. The chief difference between negligent support of rebel groups and the clearly illegal support of terrorist groups or death squads is that the supporting state does not want human rights violations to occur. In fact, the state might support the rebel group with a view to preventing civilian deaths. While negligent support is better intentioned than supporting groups with the explicit aim to commit human rights violations, the effect of this support is often just as harmful. Indeed, when a state provides weapons, training, or logistical support to these groups but does not impose sufficient levels of control or discipline, it puts the rebels in a position to more efficiently commit these violations. (5) France's involvement in Libya is a paradigm example of good intentions producing human rights violations. In 2011, the National Transition Council (NTC), supported by France (6) in its fight against the oppressive and violent Gaddafi regime, allegedly committed torture, extrajudicial killings, and killings of civilians. (7) While it is certainly clear that France had no intentions for the rebels to violate human rights norms, it is equally clear that French support put the rebels in a better position to commit these crimes. However, under the current law on state accountability, France will not be held accountable for the actions of the NTC even though it received warnings that abuses might occur. This Note argues that the current legal framework governing state accountability entirely misses the problem of negligent support. It begins with a survey of the current legal standards governing state responsibility: the effective control test advanced by the ICJ, the test advanced by Article 8 of the ILC Articles on State Responsibility, and the overall control test from the ICTY. … | [
{
"display_name": "Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764808572",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3152842090 | Member States and EU international responsibility for migrants' human rights abuses li Libya: legal sources, gaps and potential solutions | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Michela Chianese",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045487616"
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] | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C3019422483"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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{
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{
"display_name": "European union",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
"display_name": "Responsibility to protect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776508615"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "International trade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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] | [
"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3152842090 | The EU migration crisis: causes, responses and human rights implications. The external and internal causes of the EU migration crisis. EU member States responsibility for migrants’ abuses in Libya: legal sources, gaps and potential solutions. The violations of migrants’ human rights in Libya and the role of EU member States: instances of States indirect or derived responsibility. The European Union responsibility for migrants’ abuses in Libya: legal sources, gaps and potential solutions. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W612277344 | Human Rights in Libya: The Impact of International Society Since 1969 | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Giacomina De Bona",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006591230"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
},
{
"display_name": "Coercion (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777188754"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "International relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34355311"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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] | [
"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W612277344 | 1. Introduction 2. Buzan's Model of International Society 3. International System and Human Rights in Libya between 1969 and 1986 4. The Emergence of International Society:Libya's Revised Human Rights' Agenda, 1986 to 1992 5. Coercion in International Society: the impact on Human Rights Issues in Libya, 1992 to 1999 6. Calculation in International Society and Human Rights issues in Libya, 1999 to 2010 7. Conclusion | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2971296539 | The Role of African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Achpr) for Human Rights Protection: The Case of Libyan Crises | [
{
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{
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"display_name": "Getahun Kumie Antigegn",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C185436325"
}
] | [
"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2971296539 | The emergence of regional human rights systems depicts one of the greatest achievements in the internationalization of human rights. The foundation of the charter paved the way for the birth of the court thereafter. The African Court is established by virtue of the 1998 protocol to the Charter and the court is built upon an arsenal of protective and remedial techniques. The establishment of the court has reset the stage and created a new platform for the protection of human rights in Africa. The cardinal objective of the paper is to investigate the role of African Court on human and Peoples’ rights protection in Libya Crises taking the case of Saif Al Islam Gaddafi. The paper has utilized qualitative methodology. The government of Libya responded with brutal force against civilian protesters in contravention of international human rights and humanitarian law. The security force of the government of Libya killed many protesters as well. This situation intensified human rights violations and enforced many of the peoples to displace. The court issued an important ruling in March 2011, ordering provisional measures against Libya in the armed conflict in its territory. Libya government denied the claims of human rights violations in its territory and showed its willingness to subject itself to criminal investigations by the Court if necessary. The issue of the fund, independence, commitment and competence of judges to interpret mandate and jurisdiction, the willingness of the states to support and to abide by court decisions, and powers of the concerned body to enforce court decisions hampered the court from being effective. Generally, unless African States act in good faith with respect to the decisions of the African Human Rights Court, the court becomes no more significant. | [
{
"display_name": "Canadian Social Science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764360835",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3016113775 | The role of african court on human and peoples’ rights protection: the case of libyan crises | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Getahun Kumie Antigegn",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029101988"
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] | [
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Jurisdiction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776949292"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777596936"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825"
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{
"display_name": "Mandate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775884135"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Public international law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185436325"
}
] | [
"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016113775 | The emergence of regional human rights systems depicts one of the greatest achievements in the internationalization of human rights. The foundation of the charter paved the way for the birth of the court thereafter. The African Court is established by virtue of the 1998 protocol to the Charter and the court is built upon an arsenal of protective and remedial techniques. The establishment of the court has reset the stage and created a new platform for the protection of human rights in Africa. The cardinal objective of the paper is to investigate the role of African Court on human and Peoples’ rights protection in Libya Crises taking the case of Saif Al Islam Gaddafi. The paper has utilized qualitative methodology. The government of Libya responded with brutal force against civilian protesters in contravention of international human rights and humanitarian law. The security force of the government of Libya killed many protesters as well. This situation intensified human rights violations and enforced many of the peoples to displace. The court issued an important ruling in March 2011, ordering provisional measures against Libya in the armed conflict in its territory. Libya government denied the claims of human rights violations in its territory and showed its willingness to subject itself to criminal investigations by the Court if necessary. The issue of the fund, independence, commitment and competence of judges to interpret mandate and jurisdiction, the willingness of the states to support and to abide by court decisions, and powers of the concerned body to enforce court decisions hampered the court from being effective. Generally, African States act in good faith with respect to the decisions of the African Human Rights Court, the court becomes more import. | [
{
"display_name": "Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210206045",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W780558354 | Investigating Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law through an International Commission of Inquiry: Libya and Beyond | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W780558354 | This chapter looks in more detail at one of the responses to reported mass violations of human rights and, as an armed conflict developed, of serious violations of international humanitarian law: namely the establishment of the United Nations' International Commission of Inquiry for Libya (ICOI-Libya). It discusses the role of ICOIs in investigating human rights and humanitarian law violations and uses the example of the ICOI-Libya to highlight some of the legal and methodological challenges which arise in conducting such investigations. The chapter deliberately encompasses violations of both human rights and humanitarian law, given the application of both sets of law in armed conflict and the potential dual characterization of many factual scenarios: such as unlawful killing of civilians/arbitrary deprivation of life, torture, rape and other forms of sexual violence. It particularly pays attention to investigating violations committed during armed conflict. Keywords: armed conflict; human rights; humanitarian law; International Commission of Inquiry (ICOI); Libya | [
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https://openalex.org/W128873137 | The future of human rights protection in the new Libya: prospects and challenges. Jean Monnet Occasional Paper No. 6/2014 | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W128873137 | There is no doubt that demand for the respect of human rights was one of the factors behind the Arab Spring and Libya is no exception. Four decades of absolute dictatorship headed by Muammar Gaddafi had been further tainted with gross violations of human rights of Libyan citizens and restrictions on their basic freedoms. Before the revolution, Libya was a country where no political parties were allowed. Freedom of expression and the press were extremely restricted. Reports about the country’s human rights violations published by a number of international organizations documented large scale human rights abuses at the hands of the Gaddafi regime.
The 17 February 2011 revolution in Libya led to a turning point in the country’s history. The regime of Muammar Gaddafi which had dominated the country since 1969 eventually collapsed, leading to the beginning of the painful task of reconciliation and state building. Nonetheless it is estimated that more than 7000 prisoners are held captive by various militias and armed groups without due process. This in addition to thousands of internally displaced persons.
State building involves the consolidation of a democratic state based on a democratic constitution. In 2011, a constitutional declaration was adopted to replace the one that had been in effect since 1969. This was intended as a stop-gap solution to allow the new political forces unleashed in the country time to write a new democratic constitution. To help consolidate the democratic state, three elements are required: that human rights be placed at its core; that these rights are truly implemented and applied; and lastly that the independence of the judiciary is safeguarded. For all this to happen it is also essential to strengthen education on human rights by encouraging non-governmental organizations to take a stronger role in promoting human rights. Libyan citizens can only avail themselves of these rights and strengthen their implementation if they know what they are and how they can benefit from their implementation | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2167092266 | The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights' order in respect of the situation in Libya: A watershed in the regional protection of human rights? | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2167092266 | The article considers the significant features of the order rendered by the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in respect of the situation in Libya after protests that began on 16 February 2011. During the first weeks of the unrest, the government of Libya responded to protests across the country in a highhanded and violent manner, further worsening the situation which escalated even further to a more serious level of human rights violations. The applicants – human rights organisations – petitioned the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in respect of the deteriorating circumstances that were unfolding across Libya. The African Commission did not grant provisional measures; instead it referred the matter to the African Court. The Court swiftly responded to the African Commission’s petition by granting an order for provisional measures. This note looks at features of the Court’s order and reflects on its significance. Beyond this matter, the article looks at the relationship between the Court and the Commission and highlights lessons from the Inter-American regional system from which stakeholders within the African system could draw. It also looks at what the emergence of the African Court means to various stakeholders in the region. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3125834662 | African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights: African Commission On Human and Peoples’ Rights v. Great Socialist People's Libyan, Arab Jamahiriya, Order for Provisional Measures, 25 March 2011 | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125834662 | This note examines the African’s Court order for provisional measures against the former Libyan Arab Jamahirya (25 March 2011). It is a decision that could have remained unnoticed, especially since the measures ordered by the Court were necessarily provisional in nature and would not in any way prejudge the findings the Court might make on its jurisdiction (para 24 of the judgement). However, as this note argues, the dynamism demonstrated by the Court regarding the urgency of the situation in Libya shows the willingness of the Court to respect the universality of human rights and to differentiating itself from the more politicized organs of the African Union. The note submits that this a particularly hopeful sign for the future of the African Court and suggests that the latter should demand an even more substantial role in the field of human rights protection, especially in the light of its prospective merging with the African Court of Justice. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4318213374 | Human Rights in Development, Volume 4 | [] | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318213374 | The tenth in a series of yearbooks, this edition contains articles on topical human rights issues as well as surveys of individual countries. A new feature is that more attention is given to `self-monitoring' articles investigating the human rights policies of countries in the North on specific issues and sectors. Another feature is that more effort is given to collaboration between institutions in the North and the South in writing articles and surveys. Both will be strengthened in future editions. The topics covered this year are development aid in support of indigenous peoples in Latin America, Dutch experiences with the linkage of aid to human rights observance in Mozambique, and an evaluation of Norway's human rights policies and aid with regard to the Palestinian areas in the wake of the Oslo Agreement. As a regular feature the Yearbook assesses human rights trends in various countries of the South, covering the full range from civil and political rights to economic, social and cultural rights. This year's edition contains surveys of Cuba, Guatemala, Libya, Senegal, Vietnam and Zimbabwe. Cuba, Libya and Senegal are included for the first time. The Yearbook on Human Rights in Developing Countries is a joint project of the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen; the Danish Centre for Human Rights, Copenhagen; the Icelandic Human Rights Center, Reykjavik; the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights, Vienna; the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, Utrecht; the Norwegian Institute of Human Rights, Oslo; and the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Lund. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3122612500 | Theories of State Compliance with International Law: Assessing the African Union's Ability to Ensure State Compliance with the African Charter and Constitutive Act | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122612500 | Article contributes to the body of scholarship on the effectiveness of the African Union by analyzing the African Union’s response to the political and humanitarian crises in Madagascar, Guinea-Conakry, Zimbabwe, Libya, and Kenya from both a realist and institutionalist perspective on state compliance with international law. This Article argues that while the African Union’s handling of the crises in Madagascar and Guinea-Conakry indicates that the African Union is successfully providing incentives for its smaller and less powerful member states to comply with the Constitutive Act and the African Charter, the African Union’s ultimate resolution of the crisis in Zimbabwe and its feeble responses to the political turmoil in Libya and Kenya signal that the African Union continues to be plagued by a number of problems, including, but not limited to, the following: limited political will, failure to timely and uniformly impose sanctions, state reporting failures, and inadequately drafted governing instruments. This Article will propose a number of solutions to these problems, such as revising the African Charterto eliminate claw-back clauses, amending the Constitutive Act, revising the protocol establishing the Peace and Security Council to remove the principle of equitable regional representation and rotation, better utilizing the African Union Commission on International Law, and revising the protocols establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Court of Justice and Human Rights. | [
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https://openalex.org/W272018958 | The Great Human Rights Game: Origins, Results and Possible Consequences | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W272018958 | The article discusses the phenomenon of the Great Human Rights Game, the expression used in debateson human rights issues in international political and economic relations context. Human rights have becomea tool of “unsuitable” countries dismemberment, the reason for the use of force, military intervention,imposing sanctions and intrusion of “democratic” internal regulations. The author draws specialattention to the UN human rights sector reform and establishment of the UN Human Rights Council. TheGreat Human Rights Game represents manipulation of human rights concepts’ provisions and nowadaystakes place in the Arab world (Libya in particular). | [
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https://openalex.org/W3125296151 | Watered-Down Rights on the High Seas: Hirsi Jamaa and Others v Italy (2012) | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125296151 | On 23 February 2012, the European Court of Human Rights unanimously found Italy in violation of the fundamental rights of migrants and refugees intercepted on the high seas and pushed-back to an unsafe third country (Libya) in the absence of any procedural safeguards. Continuing its progress away from a territorial approach to jurisdiction, in Hirsi, the Grand Chamber casts new light on the extraterritorial scope of the principle of non-refoulement, the right to an effective remedy, and the prohibition of collective expulsions. The judgment could, therefore, serve as guidance for other States in order to re-modulate their migration control operations in consonance with the standards of refugee and human rights law. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2883830716 | Defining Terrorism and Victims of Terrorism in Comparative Law | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2883830716 | How terrorism affects the rights of people. The rights of victims are a crucial element in normalizing a country after a crisis. Define what a victim of terrorism is, it is a priority task, due to the gaps of a consensual definition through the legal concepts of terrorism. It is political rhetoric that defines who can be considered a victim. A victim of a bombing in Libya is not the same as a victim of the armed conflict in Colombia. Where massive violations of human rights are used as a method. Defining the victims of terrorism requires a dialogue and a political agreement. In this article the lawyer and candidate for a law magister degree, Linda Marcela Cortés, analyzes such definitions in international and domestic legislation, and its relevance, in public health, as well. The challenges of the antiterrorist law are presented as a new branch of international law, by the slow change and under the political rhetoric of international humanitarian basic notions of law. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2754700054 | In Search of Accountability: A Critical (If Preliminary) Assessment of the Literature on Canadian-Nigerian Engagements on the Immunities of State Officials for Human Rights Violations | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2754700054 | The trials of German and Japanese state officials following the end of World War II at the International Military Tribunals in Nuremberg and Tokyo along with treaty obligations undertaken by states since at least the establishment of the United Nations, have together given rise to the question of whether states and their officials are entitled to immunity for violations of human rights. This question was highlighted by the case against Pinochet Ugarte of Chile, which came more recently before the United Kingdom House of Lords. The case propelled the immunity of state officials into the limelight of judicial and academic discourse and resulted in increased human rights advocacy for accountability against senior state officials. Since the 1990s, the practice of the United Nations Security Council of establishing ad hoc international criminal tribunals under their peace and security mandate, and the referral to the International Criminal Court and/or its preliminary investigation of later cases arising from conflicts in places like Darfur, Libya, and North Eastern Nigeria, sustain the impetus for this article. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2113799375 | Trying the Perpetrators and Fueling the War: The (Perverse) Effects of the International Criminal Court? | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113799375 | The International Criminal Court (ICC) was designed to try the worst war criminals for crimes against humanity, genocide and other instances of mass human suffering. By providing a permanent, international mechanism to hold perpetrators of mass human rights abuse accountable, the ICC is also meant to be a deterrent — to prevent potential genocidaires from committing systematic human rights abuses in the first place. This assumption is a powerful one and suggests that international human rights law has the ability both to rectify and to prevent abuses. But what if the effect is actually quite the opposite? What if the prospect of being held accountable at the International Criminal Court makes perpetrators of war crimes fight harder and longer? While many scholars have made conjectures about the effect of the ICC on stopping human rights abuses, the existing scholarship does not empirically test assumptions about the relationship between international criminal justice and violence. Building on the human rights, transitional justice and international law literatures, this paper seeks to fill an important theoretical lacuna by asking what effect, if any, the ICC has on the perpetration of violence. Using time-series intervention analyses of the relationship between the ICC’s referrals, indictments and investigations and the level of violence and human rights abuses in Libya, this paper seeks to advance our understanding of the role of the ICC and explore the possibility that by trying the perpetrators the international community is really fueling the war. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2250330819 | Rights and Responsibilities: What are the Prospects for the Responsibility to Protect in the International/Transnational Arena? | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2250330819 | The dissertation involves a study of the emerging international norm of ‘The Responsibility to Protect’ which states that citizens must be protected in cases of human atrocities, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and genocide where states have failed or are unable to do so. According to the work of the International Commission on the Responsibility to Protect (ICISS), this response can and should span a continuum involving prevention, a response to the violence, when and if necessary, and ultimately rebuilding shattered societies. The most controversial aspect, however, is that of forceful intervention and much of the thesis focuses on this aspect.
The history and context of the Responsibility to Protect are examined as an evolving norm in international law. The study thus serves as an analysis of how a fundamental and controversial international principle has been established: its promotion, creation, formulation, acceptance, and ultimately its implementation. The dissertation identifies five critical sociopolitical issues of significance affecting the evolution of the Responsibility to Protect in international law and its implementation and considers remedies where appropriate.
Analysis of an application of the principle through force is undertaken in the context of the UN sanctioned intervention into Libya in 2011. This case study provides a clearer picture of what the Responsibility to Protect means as a legal basis for international intervention in genocidal situations. The study finds that international law is but one factor in the substantiation of the Responsibility to Protect – legitimacy counts as well as legality and for it to be implemented the self-interest of states must acknowledge ‘universal’ legal and ethical principles of a humanitarian nature. Also contributing to the success of a Responsibility to Protect intervention are nongovernmental actors as part of transnational governance who in a particular situation cry out for action in the face of evolving humanitarian atrocities in spite of rules of sovereignty and state hegemony. The more general significance of this research is in its understanding of existing and new forms of hard and soft governance and how they adapt in the international and transnational arena. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W1560683712 | Regional human rights systems | [
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"Libya",
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1560683712 | Contents: Introduction Bibliography. Part I Overview: Innovations in the European system of human rights protection: is enlargement compatible with reinforcement?, Peter Leuprecht. Part II The Inter-American System: The forgotten crucible: the Latin American influence on the universal human rights idea, Mary Ann Glendon Introduction Jo M. Pasqualucci State compliance with court-ordered reparations, Jo M. Pasqualucci The revised OAS Charter and the protection of human rights, Thomas Buergenthal The inter-American human rights system at the dawn of the new century: recommendations for improvement of its mechanism of protection, Antonio Augusto Cancado Trindade The inter-American system for the protection of human rights, Christina M. Cerna History and action: the inter-American human rights system and the role of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Robert K. Goldman United States ratification of the American Convention on Human Rights, Joseph Diab The role of the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights in the protection of human rights: achievements and contemporary challenges, Monica Pinto. Part III The European System: The European Court of Human Rights, Christiane Bourloyannis-Vrailas The European Court of Human Rights after 50 years, Anthony Lester Rethinking the European Court of Human Rights, Luzius Wildhaber The European Court of Human Rights: the past, the present, the future, Luzius Wildhaber Europe as a common home (address to the Council of Europe, 6 July 1989), Mikhail Gorbachev Speech delivered at the 'Strasbourg dialogues' public forum, 2 October 2009, Mikhail Gorbachev Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Opinion 193 (1996), application by Russia for membership of the Council of Europe A human rights law of internal armed conflict: the European Court of Human Rights in Chechnya, William Abresch 'Gentlemen at home, hoodlums elsewhere?' The extra-territorial exercise of power by British forces in Iraq and the European Convention on Human Rights, Francesco Messineo Assessing the impact of the ECHR on national legal systems, Helen Keller and Alec Stone Sweet. Part IV The African System: African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights - response to the situation in Libya, Anna Dolidze State compliance with the recommendations of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 1994-2004, Frans Viljoen and Lirette Louw The African regional human rights system, Christof Heyns and Magnus Killander Limited deployment of the African system within African states: further evidence and a general evaluation, Obiora Chinedu Okafor. Name index. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4379779644 | Human Rights Need a Human Tradition | [
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"Libya"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4379779644 | Human Rights Need a Human Tradition Gabriel Moran Human rights language is the main currency of international ethics. Government officials everywhere praise human rights. It is a card that is difficult to trump. Despite criticisms of his administration for allowing the torture of prisoners, George W. Bush said in an interview: “No president has done more for human rights than I have.”1 At the conclusion of their 2010 meeting in Libya, the twenty‐two Arab League members said that the need is “to support the principles of fraternity, tolerance, and respect for human values that emphasize human rights.”2 Were they aware of what this proposal might entail? What everyone seems to agree upon might actually be empty rhetoric to avoid doing something about a problem. From the earliest uses of “human rights” there has been a danger that the phrase would be used as a political tool or else would refer to an unrealistic hope that morality could replace politics. Jacques Maritain, who headed a UNESCO survey of philosophers concerning human rights, concluded that “we agree upon the rights but on condition that no one asks us why.”3 That attitude is not adequate today. The need is to deepen and strengthen the idea while also acknowledging its limitations. I have been teaching a course on human rights for the last dozen years. At least that is the way the director of the international education program at NYU always refers to the course. I usually call it the course on international ethics. I have never felt comfortable with the name of the course being human rights. While the advocacy of human rights or the preaching of human rights made sense to me, an academic course did not. So as to avoid becoming a preacher in the classroom, my strategy was to approach the course mainly as history. But even the history of human rights left me with the feeling that there were some big unanswered questions about the nature and the very existence of human rights. I finally got hold of my doubts about the history, nature, and practical value of human rights with help from a 2010 book by Samuel Moyn, The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History.4 The book enabled me to identify my problem although it suggested to me a path to follow that is not the same as the author’s. Moyn’s provocative thesis is that a human rights movement did not begin until 1977, the first year of Jimmy Carter’s presidency.5 There had been scattered uses of the term “human rights” earlier in the twentieth century, and the idea was promulgated by the United Nations in 1948. The term “human rights” began to gain momentum in the late 1950s but it was not until the 1970s that “human rights” became commonly used both by readers of the daily newspaper and by lawyers, politicians, and international aid workers. The United Nations document was called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Although it is now revered as a monumental achievement, it did not attract much attention at the time of its adoption.6 One problem is its title in which the term “universal” seems to be misplaced. The Declaration itself was surely not universal; it received a stamp of approval by 48 nation‐states (eight others abstained). Human rights literature tends to treat the Declaration as sacred scripture, which is a disservice to what the document accomplished. The writing and the approval of the Declaration were extraordinary achievements. Under the guidance of Eleanor Roosevelt, there were no negative votes; even the abstentions by the Soviet bloc were testimony to Roosevelt’s skill and patience. Unfortunately, the Declaration’s focus was on a long list of supposed rights, an approach which undercut a realistic claim that a few rights are indispensable for every human being, that is, they are universal. The split between the United States and the Soviet Union was reflected in a dichotomy of political and economic rights; the split was already present in 1948 and became embodied in the two Covenants that followed in 1966. This disastrous dichotomy has outlasted the Soviet Union and obstructs thinking about human rights... | [
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https://openalex.org/W4253580107 | Human rights in the Jordanian constitution: between theoretical texts and practical application | [
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"display_name": "Samid A. Darawsheh",
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"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253580107 | This study aims to identify human rights in Jordanian constitutions through a quick review of the development of human rights concepts in the world and the journey of the development of Jordanian constitutions. The results of the study showed that the Jordanian constitutions issued in 1928 and 1946 did not contain concepts of human rights as required, nor did they reflect the will of Jordanians looking for political participation, and fundamental freedoms. The 1952 constitution, which is currently in force, contains a range of civil and political rights for Jordanian citizens. This has been reinforced by a series of legislation regulating the exercise of these rights and duties of the state to ensure the enjoyment of them. However, practice on the ground shows a huge difference between the theoretical texts and the reality of human rights in Jordan. This requires ensuring that the provisions of the constitution are respected by all authorities as the surest guarantee of respect for human rights. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2765011644",
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2337961586 | Conflicting rights: English adoption law and the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child | [
{
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"display_name": "Brian Sloan",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C27357055"
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"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2337961586 | This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Jordan Publishing via http://www.jordanpublishing.co.uk/practice-areas/family/news_and_comment/Sloan2013CFLQ40#.VxYOaHpKYsI | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1991480223 | Reservations on the “Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)” Based on Islam and its Practical Application in Jordan: Legal Perspectives | [
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"display_name": "Maysa Bydoon",
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{
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"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991480223 | Abstract A significant number of Muslim countries, rather like other States, initially acceded with reservations to the “Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women” (CEDAW). Many Muslim States, however, have noted their reservations on this convention, given the possible contradictions with Islam. Other States have questioned such religious-based reservations as they contradict the object and purpose of the CEDAW. This article examines whether these types of reservations to the CEDAW in Muslim countries are incompatible with Article 28(2) of CEDAW and Article 19(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, and, if this is the case, who might be able to assess the validity of such reservations. In focusing on the practical application of CEDAW in Jordan, this article argues that there are many challenges on lifting the reservation on Article 15(4) of CEDAW that impact the effectiveness of the implantation of CEDAW. | [
{
"display_name": "Arab Law Quarterly",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S95711876",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2010549085 | An Appraisal of Diplomatic Assurances One Year after Othman (Abu Qatada) v United Kingdom (2012) | [
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{
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"display_name": "University of Trento",
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"display_name": "Mariagiulia Giuffré",
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"display_name": "Deportation",
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{
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"display_name": "Terrorism",
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] | [
"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010549085 | In Abu Qatada v UK , the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) held that deportation with assurances would not be in violation of Article 3 (prohibition of torture) of the Convention. Rather it found that deportation would breach one of the qualified, derogable rights of the Convention, Article 6 (right to a fair trial), because of the real risk that torture-based evidence would be admitted at the applicant’s retrial in Jordan. After an overview of Abu Qatada’s long-standing legal battle before and after the ECtHR’s decision, this article argues that reliance on diplomatic assurances on the fair treatment of the returnee enhances the risk that human rights are redefined into a political issue where power is delegated to the executive and security sphere. It concludes that the general image of the ECtHR, one year after Abu Qatada , is one of a tightrope walker nimbly (yet not always convincingly) keeping the equilibrium between, on the one hand, the effort to protect human rights, and on the other hand, the exigency to uphold States’ needs to combat terrorism at all costs, even cooperating on deportation with countries that notoriously violate human rights. | [
{
"display_name": "International human rights law review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210238233",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W1518408818 | Review of Human Rights under the Jordanian Constitution | [
{
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"display_name": "Shadi Alshdaifat",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C36566018"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855551"
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{
"display_name": "State (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistic rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C543595228"
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{
"display_name": "Right to property",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] | [
"Jordan"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W565865047",
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"https://openalex.org/W2009219147",
"https://openalex.org/W2035819339"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1518408818 | This review aims to measure the reality of human rights under the Jordanian Constitution; human rights in Jordan are improving, since Jordan is considered one of the most democratic States in the Middle East. Human rights remain a subject of concern inside and outside any State. The review also intent to identify the Jordanian history, a review of its governmental structure, and the 1952 revision of the Jordanian Constitution with particular reference to human rights provisions. In addition to that, the review point to identify and analyze the Constitutionally-guaranteed human rights under the Jordanian Constitution. Jordan was one of the first States in the Middle East to establish a national human rights institution (NHRI) such as, The National Centre for Human Rights (NCHR), for that reason, the review will deliver in details the human rights institutions and the emergence of human rights in Jordan. The review also addresses the major International Conventions to which Jordan is a party. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2738780139",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3163521612 | Review of Human Rights Under the Jordanian Constitution | [
{
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"display_name": "Shadi Alshdaifat",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C543595228"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] | [
"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3163521612 | This review aims to measure the reality of human rights under the Jordanian Constitution; human rights in Jordan are improving, since Jordan is considered one of the most democratic States in the Middle East. Human rights remain a subject of concern inside and outside any State. The review also intent to identify the Jordanian history, a review of its governmental structure, and the 1952 revision of the Jordanian Constitution with particular reference to human rights provisions. In addition to that, the review point to identify and analyze the Constitutionally-guaranteed human rights under the Jordanian Constitution. Jordan was one of the first States in the Middle East to establish a national human rights institution (NHRI) such as, The National Centre for Human Rights (NCHR), for that reason, the review will deliver in details the human rights institutions and the emergence of human rights in Jordan. The review also addresses the major International Conventions to which Jordan is a party. | [
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4381057784 | EMPOWERING WOMEN IN JORDANIAN LEGISLATIONS: A STUDY IN LIGHT OF THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) AND THE AMENDMENTS TO THE JORDANIAN CONSTITUTION IN 2022 | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "NISREIN FATEHI UDWAN HAZEM SULEIMAN TOUBAT",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5092193078"
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] | [
{
"display_name": "Constitution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427"
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{
"display_name": "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779080126"
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{
"display_name": "Nationality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777138209"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Constitution of India",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115505562"
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{
"display_name": "Legislature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83009810"
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{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
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] | [
"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381057784 | Jordan has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) with reservations about some of its provisions for reasons related to the state's religious and national identity. Therefore, Jordanian legislations varied in terms of their compatibility with this Convention. On the other hand, a new text was added to the Jordanian Constitution under the 2022 amendments aimed at empowering women and protecting them from all forms of violence and discrimination. This added text raised the question of whether it paves the way for the lifting of reservations to CEDAW. In light of this added constitutional text, this study seeks to address and analyze Jordanian legislation to determine their role in empowering women, and to indicate their compatibility or incompatibility with CEDAW. This study concluded that Jordanian legislations include many provisions aimed at empowering women politically, economically and socially in a manner consistent with CEDAW, while preserving the regulation of the issue of nationality, personal status and family affairs in accordance with the interests of the state and its religious affiliation, and in contravention with CEDAW. The study recommended the necessity of stipulating in the constitution to grant Jordanian nationality to the children of Jordanian women married to non-Jordanians as a woman’s right, and then lifting the reservation regarding this matter in CEDAW. | [
{
"display_name": "Russian Law Journal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387290380",
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|
https://openalex.org/W4283787465 | Principles of human rights in the light of international law - study of the Jordanian situation in accordance with international standards | [] | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745"
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] | [
"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4283787465 | This study aimed to identify human rights principles in light of international covenants and Jordan as a case study, as human rights include all human rights: civil, political, economic, social, and cultural.One of the most important international treaties in the field of human rights is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of1948, in which its thirty articlestouched upon the fundamental rights and freedoms of all peoples.Where theinternational conventions for the protection of human rights to which Jordan has acceded are the Convention against Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Geneva Convention to End Human Rights Violations, and the United Nations Convention of 2015 for human development and environmental protection. As for Jordan in this matter is committed to international human rights charters, declarations, and treaties. Jordan has also ratified international conventions and treaties related to human rights, creating specialized centres that are concerned with human rights and freedoms, and cooperating with international, regional, and local organizations working in the field of following up and promoting human rights concepts in Jordan, monitoring their implementation, and responding to,therefore, Jordan established the National Center for Human Rights in 2003 AD to promote the principles of human rights. Therefore, the research problem is arises when these rights are applied. This study came to address this problem by answering the following question: What are the principles of human rights in light of international conventions.. Keywords: Human Rights Principles, International Treaties,international law, international relationship, Jordan. DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/121-08 Publication date :June 30th 2022 | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S2738780139",
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|
https://openalex.org/W4294275269 | The Impact of COVID-19 on General Rights and Freedoms: The Jordanian Case as a Model | [
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{
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"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4294275269 | The study addressed the impact of COVID-19 on public rights and freedoms. The research question is to what extent it is possible to achieve compatibility between preserving public health in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and protecting the basic rights and freedoms of individuals, and how the Jordanian government dealt with the pandemic by resorting to exceptional legislation in this regard. To address this problem the study focused on the legislative basis which the Jordanian government relied on to confront the pandemic and the manifestations of prejudicing general rights and freedoms. The study discussed the compatibility between respecting rights and freedoms, and combating the pandemic. The conclusion is that the Jordanian government imposed harsh legislations which restricted individuals’ rights. It is recommended that the Jordanian government adopt preventive measures to combat the epidemic in line with international standards on respecting human rights. Policies are suggested.
 
 Received: 14 June 2022 / Accepted: 19 August 2022 / Published: 2 September 2022 | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764744215",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2954037096 | Imprisonment of the Debtor in the Jordanian Implementation Law in Comparison to Islamic Jurisprudence and International Covenants | [
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"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamed Hamed Mohamed Al Amayrah",
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"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2954037096 | The study deals with the provisions of the debtor's imprisonment in the Jordanian This study deals with the provisions of imprisonment of the debtor in the Jordanian Execution Law No. 25 of 2017 and its amendments, in comparison to the Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. The main problem is the extent to which the debtor may be imprisoned in the Jordanian Execution Law compared to Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. Analytical approach as it fits in with this study and its nature by interpreting the texts and legal articles in the Jordanian implementation law, Islamic jurisprudence and international conventions and analyzing them in order to deduce the legal and jurisprudential purpose. Hence, the researcher took the approach of comparing the texts R and theories between the Jordanian law and Islamic jurisprudence with international covenants'. At the end of the study, the researcher found that imprisonment has been used in modern terms since it was analyzed by the scholars of Islamic law until it reached the legislative texts in the jurisprudential magazine, which is based on the Jordanian law, as a result of the positive achievements that contributed to the preservation of the rights of individuals (creditors). And that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights only provided for debts arising from contractual relations only, without the other sources of obligation addressed by domestic laws and Islamic jurisprudence.
The researcher reached a number of conclusions and recommendations. The most important of these results was that the imprisonment of the debtor is an act of compulsion and pressure rather than an end to imprisonment as a punishment, aimed at restricting the debtor to fulfill his obligations to the creditor. Freedoms The legislator has put in place a legal regulation concerning the imprisonment of the debtor surrounded by a number of provisions to prevent abuse by the creditor in order to collect the creditor's money from the debtor. One of the most important recommendations reached by the researcher,
The researcher hopes relevant international organizations and organizations to better understand the subject of the debtor's imprisonment, understanding the purpose, objectives and manner of the debtor, and understanding the principle that this detention was initiated after balancing the rights of the financial creditor and the rights of the debtor. | [
{
"display_name": "مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306537556",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3165205862 | Imprisonment of the Debtor in the Jordanian Implementation Law in Comparison to Islamic Jurisprudence and International Covenants: حبس المدين في قانون التنفيذ الأردني مقارناً بالفقه الإسلامي والمواثيق الدولية | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamed Hamed Mohamed Al Amayrah",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088460787"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71043370"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
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"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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] | [
"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3165205862 | The study deals with the provisions of the debtor's imprisonment in the Jordanian This study deals with the provisions of imprisonment of the debtor in the Jordanian Execution Law No. 25 of 2017 and its amendments, in comparison to the Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. The main problem is the extent to which the debtor may be imprisoned in the Jordanian Execution Law compared to Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. Analytical approach as it fits in with this study and its nature by interpreting the texts and legal articles in the Jordanian implementation law, Islamic jurisprudence and international conventions and analyzing them in order to deduce the legal and jurisprudential purpose. Hence, the researcher took the approach of comparing the texts R and theories between the Jordanian law and Islamic jurisprudence with international covenants'. At the end of the study, the researcher found that imprisonment has been used in modern terms since it was analyzed by the scholars of Islamic law until it reached the legislative texts in the jurisprudential magazine, which is based on the Jordanian law, as a result of the positive achievements that contributed to the preservation of the rights of individuals (creditors). And that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights only provided for debts arising from contractual relations only, without the other sources of obligation addressed by domestic laws and Islamic jurisprudence. The researcher reached a number of conclusions and recommendations. The most important of these results was that the imprisonment of the debtor is an act of compulsion and pressure rather than an end to imprisonment as a punishment, aimed at restricting the debtor to fulfill his obligations to the creditor. Freedoms The legislator has put in place a legal regulation concerning the imprisonment of the debtor surrounded by a number of provisions to prevent abuse by the creditor in order to collect the creditor's money from the debtor. One of the most important recommendations reached by the researcher, The researcher hopes relevant international organizations and organizations to better understand the subject of the debtor's imprisonment, understanding the purpose, objectives and manner of the debtor, and understanding the principle that this detention was initiated after balancing the rights of the financial creditor and the rights of the debtor. | [
{
"display_name": "Mağallaẗ al-ʿulūm al-iqtiṣādiyyaẗ wa-al-idāriyyaẗ wa-al-qānūniyyaẗ",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210178240",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1863836625 | Legal Protection for Performer’s Copy Right | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Othman I. Bani Taha",
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},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Na’l A. Al-Masa’dah",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062710054"
}
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Legislation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Treaty",
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779710374"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Copyright law",
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{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112"
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{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713"
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"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1863836625 | The importance of this study derives from recent legislations organizing in definite performaer's rights and copy right in general. Jordanian law of protection of copy rights didn't consider a performer as an author but from owners of related rights. In other words the performer in Jordanian legislation has financial right and literary right over his owned performance but not as much as copy rights of an author. Despite of that the law supports the performer with the same protection that is given to the author whether in civil or penal protection. Jordanian law based this position on the international conventions in this field especially Rome Convention for protection of performers, Wipo performance and phone-grame treaty, (wppt) 1996, and agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (Trips) 1994 | [
{
"display_name": "Dirasat: Shari'a and Law Sciences",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306508086",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2923439686 | The Impact of CEDAW on the Labor Laws of Jordan and the UAE: A Comparative Study with English Law | [
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"display_name": "firas kasassbeh",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779080126"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
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] | [
"Jordan",
"United Arab Emirates"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2923439686 | This article addresses the position of labor laws in Jordan, the United Arab Emirates (hereafter UAE) and England towards the issue of equality between woman and man in the workplace in light of the requirements of CEDAW** to which the three mentioned countries are parties. Generally speaking, CEDAW tends to be a convention aiming at achieving equality between man and woman in all aspects, inter alia, equality in work opportunities and rights. This vision is more suitable to English law, where it is argued that CEDAW and English law stem from the same environment, i.e. the Western environment. On the contrary, in many aspects, CEDAW contradicts the Eastern (Islamic) approach, respected by the laws of Jordan and the UAE, basing the relationship between man and woman on justice and integration rather than equality and competition. Therefore, the article examines to which extent labour laws in Jordan and the UAE have applied the requirements of CEDAW, and what obstacles are in front of realizing the requirements not applied yet. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306508086",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2500996146 | Equality or Justice?The Position of Labour Laws in Jordan, the UAE and England of Discrimination against Women in the Light of the Requirements of CEDAW | [
{
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"display_name": "Firas Yousef Kassasbeh",
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"Jordan",
"United Arab Emirates"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2500996146 | This article addresses the position of labour laws in Jordan, the United Arab Emirates (hereafter UAE) and England towards the issue of equality between woman and man in the workplace in light of the requirements of CEDAW to which the three mentioned countries are parties. Generally speaking, CEDAW tends to be a convention aiming at achieving equality between man and woman in all aspects, inter alia, equality in work opportunities and rights. This vision is more suitable to English law, where it is argued that CEDAW and English law stemmed from the same environment, i.e. the Western environment. On the contrary, in many aspects, CEDAW contradicts the Eastern (Islamic) approach, respected by the laws of Jordan and the UAE, basing the relationship between man and woman on justice and integration rather than equality and competition. Therefore, the article examines to which extent labour laws in Jordan and the UAE have applied the requirements of CEDAW, and what are obstacles in front of applying the requirements not applied yet. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306522361",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4327936497 | Recent Developments to the Jordanian Execution Law | [
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{
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{
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{
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] | [
"Jordan"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4327936497 | Abstract This article examines the recent amendments made to the Jordanian Execution Law in respect of imprisonment for failure to pay debts of civil and commercial nature. While the amendments made on the Law are long-awaited and are an improvement to the administration of justice in the Country; it remains that these amendments came below expectations. First, the recent amendments to the Law are short from the international obligations of the Country under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( ICCPR ) which Jordan is a signatory of. Second, the recent amendments still use the “one size fits all” approach whereby it does not provide a distinction between a procrastinating debtor and a debtor that is indeed not able to pay; to determine imprisonment in civil and commercial debts. Hence, while the recent amendments had made some positive changes to the imprisonment for debtors in civil and commercial debts; this article finds that Jordan must adhere to its international obligations by providing alternatives to imprisonment for civil and commercial debts; or at least provide a distinction between a procrastinating debtor and a not able to pay debtor to determine whether imprisonment of the debtor is due. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2907385709 | The role of the constitution and domestic law in the implementation of the modern international standards of human rights : a case study of Jordan | [
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"display_name": "Abdennaim M. A. Wandieen",
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{
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2907385709 | This Thesis deals with the role of the Constitution and the Domestic Law in the implementation of the modern international standards of human rights as defined under the United Nations Covenants on Human Rights of 1966. It seeks to explain some aspects of the obligation of states parties to take legislative measures for purposes of the effective implementation of the Covenants at the domestic level. The study is conducted in the context of a case study of Jordan as a state party. The Thesis consists of three main parts, divided into seven Chapters and followed by Chapter VIII which is a general conclusion. Part One, contains two Chapters dealing with the relationship between the modern international standards of human rights and the domestic legal systems. Chapter I is a brief legal and historical background. It seeks to highlight some of the major developments in the legal background of the modern international standards of human rights and the legal system of Jordan. Chapter II discusses the applicability of the international rules of human rights within the domestic legal systems with special reference to Jordan. Part Two, is devoted to the first part of the role of the constitution and domestic law in the implementation of the modern international standards of human rights; namely, the adoption of equivalent standards at the domestic level. It also contains two Chapters. Whereas Chapter III focuses on the civil and political rights. Chapter IV deals with the economic, social and cultural rights. A list of four rights has been selected from each catalogue in order to define precisely what are the legislative measures required in the case of each right. Part Three, deals with the other part of the role of the constitution and domestic law, i.e. the introduction of sufficient domestic legal safeguards. It contains three Chapters. Chapter V discusses the role of the Judiciary as the vindicator of human rights, and the independence of the Judiciary as a legal safeguard against human rights violations. Chapter VI deals with the rights to judicial review of administrative actions, as a guarantee against excess or abuse of powers by the administrative authorities, and as an inevitable requirement for the rule of law and respect for human rights in practice. Chapter VII discusses emergency powers and the Impact of the state of emergency on human rights; and considers the question of derogation under Article 4 of the Political Covenant. It focuses on the role of the Constitution and the domestic legislature in imposing restrictions on the right of the national authorities to declare a public emergency and on the emergency powers themselves when the state of emergency is declared. Finally, the concluding Chapter VIII is a general assessment of; The role of the constitution and the domestic laws in the implementation of the modern international standards of human rights, the present system of international scrutiny of the domestic legislative measures, and the performance of Jordan as a state party and the existing legal system of Jordan in general. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W1483048726 | A Comparative Perspective of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Principles of Islamic Law: Law Reform and Children's Rights in Muslim Jurisdictions | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1483048726 | This chapter evaluates the impact of the United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child (CRC) in a selection of Muslim States parties. It will comment on legislative reform initiatives (in addition to existing legal frameworks, statutory provisions and institutional mechanisms) undertaken in Jordan, Mauritania and Morocco affecting child rights, highlighting compatibility or otherwise with substantive provisions of the CRC. Arguing from a socio-legal and law-in-context approach, the chapter will propose a framework for enhanced convergence of the Islamic legal tradition and the CRC to create an enabling environment for child rights in these jurisdictions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2186278378 | Vanishing Borders: Can Human Rights be a subject of Private Law? Exploring Human Rights under Jordanian Civil Law | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2186278378 | Civil Law is considered to be one of the most important laws in the State; since it is the origin of all branches of private law. Civil Law traditionally consists of variety of rules and legal doctrines which can be viewed from a different angle, other than being related to legal personality and patrimonial transactions. This study argues that Civil Law is closely related to human rights. To establish it’s argument, the study reviews Jordanian Civil Code rules, in order to highlight the close connections between some traditional Civil Law rules and human rights as drown up in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Arab Charter on Human Rights, as well as the Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. In doing so, the study aims at affirming the importance of Civil Law as a legal tool by which human rights can be guaranteed, enhanced and protected. 1. Humanizing the Law Human Rights are nowadays considered as a distinct part of legal studies after being usually linked to public law i.e. International Law and to certain extent to Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. Civil law –by contrast- was traditionally characterized by its subjects related mainly to financial and property rights, civil transactions and tort. Therefore, this character dominated almost all researches in the field of Civil Law. However, the theory of private law in general and civil Law in particular is wide enough to be tackled from a different approach. Public law is the body of rules that govern relationships in which the State act as a party that possesses authority and sovereignty, whereas private law govern relationships among individuals or between individuals and the state when the state act as an ordinary person 1 | [
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https://openalex.org/W2213009936 | Human Rights as Myth and History: Between the Revolutions of 1989 and the Arab Spring | [
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https://openalex.org/W3006749803 | Counterterrorism strategy and human rights in Egypt after the Arab uprising: A critical appraisal | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3006749803 | Since 2013, the Egyptian regime proclaims that it is involving in ruthless fight against terrorism; its strategy suffers from multiple flaws. It violates basic human rights, restricting freedoms and prohibits opposition against the government by labelling it with terrorist offences. This study investigates the way human rights and counterterrorism is portrait in Egypt's counterterrorism law no. 94 of 2015 in order to illustrate the correlation between counterterrorism discourse and human rights abuse in the post-revolutionary Egypt. By using the Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) approach and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) method to analyse the counterterrorism discourse in Egypt since the outbreak of the Arab Uprising of 2011, the study argues that the real purpose of counterterrorism discourse of the Egyptian regime after 2013 is to (1) construct an atmosphere where the state's violations of human rights are not only normalised or legitimise but also justifiable, uncritically and unaccountable; (2) establish a new legal and political legitimacy for the post 30 of June 2013 regime; (3) silencing all critics and corrective attempts that pursue to constrain authoritarianism and terrorism temptations to risk vulnerable individuals; (4) prevent the efforts of find a solution to terrorism away from military and coercive intervention. The study finds that the more Egyptian authorities violate human rights and rely on excessive use of force under the name of fighting terrorism, the faster terrorism grows. The counterterrorism law of 2015 adopted a broad, ambiguous and politicalised definition of terrorism in order to prevents any claims of reform or democratization. By associated political opposition with terrorists activities, Egypt demonises requests for political reform and de-legitimatise ‘peaceful’ opposition against the rules of the country, their families, public servants, and any public institutions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2137240940 | Human Rights and Democracy in EU Foreign Policy: The Cases of Ukraine and Egypt | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2137240940 | 1. Introduction 2. Human Rights and Democracy in EU Foreign Policy: The Search for an Analytical Framework 3. Rhetoric and Tools: The Genesis of EU Human Rights and Democracy Policies 4. Reluctant Engagement: EU Foreign Policy towards Ukraine 5. Implementing Human Rights and Democracy: Press Freedom in Ukraine 6. Implementing Human Rights and Democracy: Elections in Ukraine and the Orange Revolution 7. Searching for an EU Policy towards Egypt 8. Implementing Human Rights and Democracy: Torture in Egypt 9. Implementing Human Rights and Democracy: Elections in Egypt 10. Conclusions | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W2771330511 | The Impact of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women on the Domestic Legislation in Egypt | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2771330511 | By virtue of ratifying the Women’s Convention, Egypt is internationally obliged to eliminate gender discrimination in its domestic legislation. Yet, women in Egypt face various forms of discrimination. This may legally be justified through Sharia-based reservations, which many Muslim-majority countries enter to human rights treaties to evade an obligation of implementation where Human Rights run counter to Sharia. This book examines the compatibility of Sharia-based reservations with international law and identifies discrepancies between Sharia and domestic law in order to determine rights Egyptian women are entitled to according to Sharia, and yet denied under Egyptian law. Account is moreover given to Egypt’s implementation efforts in the non-reserved areas of law. To this end, Egypt’s 2014 Constitution and four areas of statutory law are examined as case studies, namely, female genital mutilation; human trafficking; nationality; and labor law. | [
{
"display_name": "Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4308707206",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2980911289 | Towards Effective Implementation of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in Egypt | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2980911289 | Abstract The adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child ( CRC ) in 1989 marked an important step towards the ‘legal recognition and protection of the rights of children’. The inadequacies of the CRC regarding some issues peculiar to the African child, however, led to the adoption of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child ( ACRWC or African Children’s Charter) in 1990, to complement the CRC and provide protection to children in peculiar African realities. The desired effects of the Charter will, however, only be achieved if its provisions are diligently implemented. Based on desk research and semi-structured interviews, this article discusses the implementation of the ACRWC in Egypt, highlighting the legislative and other measures adopted by Egypt to implement the provisions of the ACRWC . It also considers the role of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Children’s Committee) in ensuring implementation of the ACRWC in Egypt through the state reporting and complaint mechanisms and considers the measures adopted by Egypt towards the implementation of concluding observations of the African Children’s Committee. It concludes with recommendations on how Egypt can better implement the provisions of the ACRWC . | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S182283531",
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https://openalex.org/W2227966893 | Egypt’s Reservations to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and Women’s Rights in Egypt | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2227966893 | This paper addresses the role that the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) can play to improve women’s conditions and secure their rights in Egypt, in light of that country’s religious-based reservations to the UN convention and its recent constitutional amendment making the Shari`ah its principle source of legislation. Specifically, it addresses Egypt’s reservations to Article 16, which concerns the eradication of discrimination against women in cases of divorce, as this area has been the focus of recent legislative reform. The paper is limited to Egypt, because it is the leading Muslim state in providing women’s rights in the area of family law. | [
{
"display_name": "American journal of Islam and society",
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{
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https://openalex.org/W14042794 | Prisoners' rights: the role of national human rights institutions in Africa | [
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"Egypt"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1967882715",
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"https://openalex.org/W2016758967",
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"https://openalex.org/W2077481856",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W14042794 | Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Jean Allain at the Political Science Department, American University in Cairo, Egypt | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W2963162240 | FGM in Egypt between socio-cultural barriers and lack of political will | [
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] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2058812725",
"https://openalex.org/W2529601271"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2963162240 | Purpose This study aims to detect the main factors impeding the anti-female genital mutilation (FGM) efforts in Egypt post the January 25 revolution, with a special focus on the era of president El-Sisi. The purpose of this paper is to explain the reasons behind the continuation of violence against women in Egypt, namely, FGM, in light of the patriarchal structures and the state willingness to address that challenge. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes a qualitative methodology. The study embarks on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 participants who experienced FGM and nine key informants from medical, religious, political and civil society backgrounds, including a professor of pathology, a gynecologist, a diplomatic researcher in Al-Azhar, three members of parliament, a representative of the Ministry of Population, the reporter of the National Council for Women and a representative of Nazra non-governmental organization for feminist studies in Egypt. Findings The findings reveal that FGM remains prevalent not only due to the persisting socio-cultural context that continues to embrace and reproduces gender inequalities, but also because of the insufficient political will to combat FGM and enforce the required laws. Social implications FGM is considered one form of gender inequality perpetuated by social, cultural and economic structures. It is recognized internationally as a crime and a violation against women’s rights as per the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, etc. Although the Egyptian Government passed laws banning the practice of FGM, it continues to form a challenging problem to social workers, women activists, human rights groups and public health officials. Originality/value Little work has been done to investigate FGM post the January 25 revolution in Egypt and identify the main factors impeding the anti-FGM efforts in Egypt. This work fills this gap and concludes with some lessons learnt to fight FGM and improve the anti-FGM efforts. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S79562878",
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https://openalex.org/W3172973414 | Can national human rights institutions make a difference? Discourse, accountability, and the Egyptian National Council for Human Rights | [
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{
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3172973414 | Drawing from studies on national human rights institutions anchored in accountability perceptions, this article examines the role of the Egyptian National Council for Human Rights as a producer of a human rights discourse and as a platform for human rights advocacy in the fluctuating political environment created by the country’s 2011 revolution. Analyzing the council’s discourse as represented in its reports, recommendations, and media presence, it is argued that the council has failed to disengage from its past and to provide a discursive public space for the government and society to communicate, negotiate, and contest human rights violations. The experience of the council in Egypt indicates that the effectiveness of national institutions for human rights is not merely a product of their mandate and powers but is influenced significantly by the local context, which can lead them to restrict their discourse and turn them into a force normalizing human rights violations. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W1813681668 | The use of equality and anti-discrimination law in advancingLGBT rights | [
{
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"Morocco"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1813681668 | 1. Towards a strategy of equality The rights of LGBT persons are increasingly interpreted in the light of the universality of human rights. Among human rights advocates it is now understood that while single-identity causes and identity politics have historically been instrumental in empowering the most disadvantaged identity groups, they have limitations, including in the case of advancing LGBT rights. The position of Human Rights Watch in respect of LGBT rights in the Middle East is relevant in a broader context: In a few places, like Egypt and Morocco, sexual orientation and gender identity issues have begun to enter the agendas of some mainstream human rights movements. Now, unlike in earlier years, there are lawyers to defend people when they are arrested, and voices to speak up in the press. These vital developments were not won through identity politics. Those have misfired disastrously as a way of claiming rights in much of the Middle East; the urge of some western LGBT activists to unearth and foster ‘gay’ politics in the region is potentially deeply counterproductive. Rather, the mainstreaming was won largely by framing the situations of LGBT (or otherwise-identified) people in terms of the rights violations, and protections, that existing human rights movements understand. (Human Rights Watch 2009, p. 18) | [
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https://openalex.org/W3132943462 | The EU human rights and democratisation policy | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3132943462 | The promise of the Lisbon Treaty to put human rights, democracy, and the rule of law at the centre of all external action led to renew the EU’s efforts to frame an effective response to the challenges that human rights and democracy face worldwide. A Strategic Framework and Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy was adopted in June 2012 followed by a second Action Plan for 2015–2019. The Action Plans looked to increase the coherence and complementarity of all the tools that support human rights and democracy across the world. This chapter first analyses the objectives and priorities that guide the EU human rights and democratisation policy and the specific tools and instruments developed by the EU to implement them. Then it sheds light on the opportunities and challenges posed by the human rights and democratisation policy using as an example some of the questions raised in the relations between the EU and Egypt, a country under the European Neighbourhood Policy. This case shows that to effectively promote and defend human rights and democracy would mean first of all integrating consistently their promotion in the different EU policies involved in a region such as development, migration, security, counter-terrorism, women’s rights and gender equality, enlargement, and trade. The chapter concludes that the EU should strive to keep its commitment and not to conceal its values in order to be a leading actor in the field of human rights. | [
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https://openalex.org/W176495522 | Protecting Religions from "Defamation": A Threat to Universal Human Rights Standards | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W176495522 | INTRODUCTION (1) Over the past decade, countries from the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) have been working through the United Nations system to advance the problematic idea that there should be laws against the so-called of (2) Although touted as a solution to the very real problems of religious persecution and discrimination, the OIC-sponsored U.N. resolutions on religious defamation instead provide justification for governments to restrict religious freedom and free expression. They also provide international legitimacy for existing national laws that punish blasphemy or otherwise ban criticism of a religion, which often have resulted in gross human rights violations. (3) These resolutions deviate sharply from universal human fights standards by seeking to protect religious institutions and interpretations, rather than individuals, and could help create a new international anti-blasphemy norm. Since 2008, support at the U.N. for these flawed resolutions has been declining. (4) In fact, in 2010 defamation of religions resolutions received the fewest yes votes and the most no votes ever cast on this issue in both the U.N. Human Rights Council and the U.N. General Assembly, coming within, respectively, four (5) and thirteen votes of defeat. (6) This trend is encouraging. The United States and other U.N. member states that make protecting individual human rights an important objective should now redouble their efforts finally to defeat the defamation of religions resolution at the March 2011 Human Rights Council session. In addition to seeking a new norm through these resolutions, OIC countries have argued in various U.N. contexts that existing international standards prohibiting advocacy of hatred and incitement already outlaw defamation of religions. (7) The provisions on which they rely--Article 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)--provide only limited exceptions to the fundamental freedoms of expression and religion. (8) These provisions were intended to protect individuals from violence or discrimination, not to protect religious institutions or ideas from criticism. (9) They should not be expanded to cover alleged religiously defamatory speech. Such an expansion--which unfortunately may have gained support from new language on negative religious stereotyping and incitement in a fall 2009 U.N. Human Rights Council freedom of expression resolution--would undermine international human rights guarantees, including the free of thought, conscience, and religion. It would also undermine the institutions that protect universal human rights worldwide. I. ANALYSIS A. The Flawed Defamation of Religions Concept Since 1999, the OIC--a regional organization comprised of fifty-seven nations with Muslim majorities or significant Muslim populations--annually has sponsored resolutions in the U.N. Human Rights Council and its predecessor, the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, calling on U.N. member states to outlaw the so-called defamation of religions. (10) Similar resolutions have been adopted at the U.N. General Assembly each year since 2005. At the Human Rights Council in Geneva, Pakistan has led these efforts; at the General Assembly in New York, Egypt also has played a leading role. (11) The OIC has indicated that the goal of its efforts is the adoption of a binding international covenant against the defamation of religions. (12) Although these resolutions purport to seek protection for religions in general the only religion and religious adherents that are specifically mentioned are Islam and Muslims. (13) Aside from Islam, the resolutions do not specify which religions, other than Islam, would deserve protection, nor explain how or by whom such a determination would be made. (14) The resolutions also do not define religiously defamatory speech, or explain who has authority to make that determination. … | [
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https://openalex.org/W561036926 | The legal practice in international law and European community law : a Spanish perspective | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W561036926 | List of Contributors, Abbreviations, Introduction, Carlos Jimenez Piernas, Part One, The Legal Practice before International Tribunals, Chapter I: The Registrar of the International Court of Justice: Status and Functions, Philippe Couvreur, Chapter II: Presentation from the Standpoint of Spanish Law, on the Legal Process Available to Parties in the Contentious Procedure of the International Court of Justice, Santiago Torres Bernardez, Chapter III: The Travails of Poor Countries in Gaining Access to the International Court of Justice, Luis Ignacio Sanchez Rodriguez and Ana Gemma Lopez Martin, Chapter IV: Survey of Applications against Spain Lodged with the European Court of Human Rights, Santiago Quesada Polo and Stanly Naismith, Chapter V: International Criminal Court and International Tribunals: Substantive and Procedural Aspects, Hector Olasolo, Chapter VI: Introduction to Investor-State Arbitration. A Case study: Wena Hotels Limited (Wena) v. Arab Republic of Egypt, Andres Rigo Sureda, Part Two, The Legal Practice in International Organisations, Chapter VII: The Work of the Legal Adviser of International Organisations, with Special Reference to the European Union, Gregorio Garzon Clariana, Chapter VIII: The Procedures and Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Alfred M. de Zayas, Chapter IX: The UN Commission on Human Rights' Machinery for the Protection of Human Rights, Carlos Villan Duran, Part Three, The Legal Practice in the European Union, Chapter X: The Procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Communities, Gil Carlos Rodriguez Iglesias and Fernando Castillo de la Torre, Chapter XI: References for Preliminary Rulings and their Procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Communities, Alejandro del Valle Galvez and Miguel A. Acosta Sanchez, Chapter XII: The Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Spanish Constitutional Court -- a Comparison, Manuel Diez de Velasco Vallejo, Chapter XIII: The Decision-Making Process in the European Union, Francisco Fonseca Morillo, Part Four, The National Legal Practice in International Law, Chapter XIV: Advising Governments from the Inside: the Legal Adviser of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Aurelio Perez Giralda, Chapter XV: International Legal Consultancy of Governments from the Outside, Antonio Remiro Brotons, Chapter XVI: Public International Law before Spanish Domestic Courts, Jose Antonio Pastor Ridruejo and Antonio Pastor Palomar, Chapter XVII: Spanish Constitutional Court Practice on Private International Law, Julio Gonzalez Campos, Chapter XVIII: Spanish Practice on Investment Treaties, Isabel Garcia Rodriguez, Part Five, Some Technical Instruments for Assistance to International Lawyers, Chapter XIX: The International Practice and the Evidence (a Brief Guide for Young Lawyers), Carlos Jimenez Piernas, Chapter XX: Navigare Necesse Est: Internet for European and International Lawyers, Bjorn Arp, Part Six, Indexes, Index of Cases, Index of Authorities, Analytical Index. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2268361805 | On the Steps of the Mosque: The Legal Rights of Non-Marital Children in Egypt | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2268361805 | This Note seeks to address the legal implications of being a non-marital child in Egypt and to parse out the legal discrimination from the social. It further explores Islam's influence on Egyptian law and whether the basic precepts of Islam are in part responsible for the legal treatment of non-marital children in Egypt. Lastly, possible changes to the laws in Egypt are considered arising out of Egypt's ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the implementation of this convention and how it may impact the rights of non-marital children. This Note was also selected as the winner of the 2008 Roger J. Trainor Student Writing Competition (held annually at the University of California Hastings College of the Law). | [
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https://openalex.org/W3091762740 | The reality of human rights in Egypt after the January 2011 revolution A study in reports of international non-governmental organizations | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3091762740 | The research in our hands seeks to reveal the reality of human rights in Egypt after the January 2011 revolution and has the revolution succeeded in achieving its slogans of (living, freedom, and social justice) as it succeeded in removing former President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak?
 The research also seeks to solve the problem related to the Egyptian human rights, which links the security of the Egyptian citizen and his rights, as the researcher assumes that the political system that forms on the ruins of Mubarak’s rule put the Egyptian citizen between these two options without the right to enjoy both, so long as security is weak, there is no room to talk about human rights .
 The researcher has relied on the reports of Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch as two international non-governmental organizations specializing in human rights and they have experience in this file the big thing, so we examined their reports for the years after the January revolution in study and analysis in our endeavor to prove the hypothesis that the researcher started and which we explained above. | [
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https://openalex.org/W156414297 | Implications of ECOSOCC's mandate for the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa: inquiry into the relationship between ECOSOCC and the human rights organs of the African Union | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W156414297 | Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Alejandro Lorite Escorihuela at the Faculty of Law, American University in Cairo, Egypt | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W3183259687 | Human rights challenges in post-uprising Egypt: political actors’ reflections on the years of 2011–2013 | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3183259687 | Transitional countries where authoritarian features have long been embedded in state institutions and policies face several challenges that limit their ability to meet the expectations of citizens regarding their rights. This article focuses on the development of human rights in transitional Egypt between 2011 and 2013. It illustrates how political actors perceive and critique the establishment of the legal and institutional framework regarding human rights protection, including constitution-making and transitional justice processes, providing evidence from insights obtained from semi-structured interviews with Egyptian political actors and the analysis of secondary sources. The article demonstrates that the uprisings in 2011 and subsequent developments during the SCAF and Morsi governments show the failure of political actors to protect Egyptians’ rights and meet the demands of the citizens with regard to social justice, economic opportunities, freedom, and dignity. It illustrates that weak or failing institutional capacities, an exclusive approach in establishing an institutional framework, lack of knowledge and experience concerning human rights protection, and the authoritarian features of state institutions strongly affected the promotion and protection of human rights in post-uprising Egypt. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2734470192 | Constitutional Protection of Individual Rights Under Terrorism Laws | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2734470192 | Terrorism is a one of the major challenges facing countries all over the world; However many states in their response to terrorism have overreacted the threat of terrorism and have adopted counterterrorism legislations that forfeited fundamental rights and freedoms in the name of protecting national security. Egypt, under President Mubarak’s Regime, has been one of those states that have exceedingly abused its counter-terrorism powers to vanquish many of the Egyptians’ constitutional rights and freedoms. This dissertation explores and analyzes the scope of fundamental rights and freedoms under Egypt’s counter-terrorism legal framework. It further undertakes a comparative study of the American and international anti-terrorism legal frameworks to examine how they have dealt with these issues and inquires into whether these legal systems have adequately reconciled national security with human rights. This work is intended to help enhance the rule of law and to ensure that human rights are respected in post-Mubarak Egypt by underscoring the limits with regard to human rights that the new counter-terrorism legal framework must respect. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4390913913 | Human Rights and Democracy | [] | [
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"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390913913 | This is the first comprehensive account in English of the human rights jurisdiction of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. The Court has full judicial review powers under the 1971 Egyptian Constitution and has played a central role in defending democratic vallues and in implementing international human rights standards in this pivotal Islamic country. The book includes chapters written by the Chief Justice, Dr. Awad Mohammad El-Morr, and other members of the judiciary. It contains a digest of key human rights judgments along with the texts of the Constitution and the Statute of the Supreme Constitutional Court. The book also examines the influence of United States constitutional law as well as international human rights law on Egypt's highest court. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2903407291 | The Holy Trinity: Religion, Identity, and International Law in Egypt | [
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"display_name": "Sharia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168702047"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138147947"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "Covenant",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136800757"
},
{
"display_name": "Public international law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185436325"
},
{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "Right to property",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22299250"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Theology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] | [
"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2903407291 | This thesis investigates the contradiction between Egypt’s international legal obligations to protect religious freedom and its state practice. Chapter 1 gives a brief history of the relationship between religious freedom and state authority in the Roman, Islamic, and Holy Roman Empires and the early formations of international legal protections of freedom of religion in the wake of the Thirty Years War and then WWI centuries later. Chapter 2 looks at the formation and content of the current international standards of religious freedom, focusing on the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Chapter 3 looks at case studies of possible violations of these standards in Egypt and concludes that the two main avenues which they arise are the public order interpretation of the Egyptian courts and the nature of the regime itself, creating rules and practices that discriminate against and repress the religious expression of religious minorities. Chapter 4 considers possible strategies to bring Egypt under compliance, focusing on these two avenues, emphasizing the need to change both regime behavior and the courts interpretation of public order. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2884778314 | Constitutionalisation of International Human Rights Law in the Jurisprudence of the Egyptian Supreme Constitutional Court | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Qatar",
"display_name": "Qatar University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839",
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],
"display_name": "Islam Ibrahim Chiha",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054481415"
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{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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"display_name": "Supreme court",
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"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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"display_name": "International law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825"
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"display_name": "Constitutional court",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427"
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] | [
"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2884778314 | Abstract This article examines the status of international human rights law in the Egyptian legal system and investigates how Egypt’s Supreme Constitutional Court ( SCC ) uses international and foreign law in its constitutional interpretation of fundamental rights and freedoms. I argue that integrating international human rights law into the jurisprudence of the SCC is imperative both for protecting the rights and freedoms of Egyptian people and for resolving potential conflicts between national law and international law. I rely on cases covering rights to marriage, development, education and equality (especially for persons with disabilities). | [
{
"display_name": "Arab Law Quarterly",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S95711876",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3144872342 | Emerging Human Rights Discourses in Post-Uprising Egypt | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Türkiye",
"display_name": "İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I123758333",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Melek Saral",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017144180"
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] | [
{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Constitution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427"
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{
"display_name": "Authoritarianism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C68346564"
},
{
"display_name": "Demise",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777720223"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Rhetoric",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1370556"
},
{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Political economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699"
},
{
"display_name": "Democracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
}
] | [
"Egypt"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1566495339",
"https://openalex.org/W1586645164",
"https://openalex.org/W1672150267",
"https://openalex.org/W1956261640",
"https://openalex.org/W2037097937",
"https://openalex.org/W2095219791",
"https://openalex.org/W2478934610",
"https://openalex.org/W2735885620",
"https://openalex.org/W4237304486",
"https://openalex.org/W4237367430",
"https://openalex.org/W4240768888"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3144872342 | The uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during 2011, which resulted in the demise of authoritarian rulers or gave rise to some political and economic reforms, proved the significance of human rights and moved that issue to the forefront of academic and political debates. As the protestors brought human rights references to the center of their political struggle, political actors used its rhetoric to claim legitimate authority or popularity. This article, which analyzes the human rights discourses and their use in legal and political action in post-uprising Egypt, focuses on the first two years of the transition process and surveys the main patterns of human rights discourses in post-uprising Egypt, and illustrates the multifaceted and complex potential of human rights in the transitional post-uprising Egypt.Analyzing the main patterns of human rights discourses during this period, the article demonstrates that human rights are not only used as an emancipatory tool by Egyptian citizens against their repressive authoritarian regimes, but also applied by key political actors from various and opposing ideological backgrounds. The article focuses on three significant documents issued during the constitution-making process (viz., the Al-Azhar Document, the National Council Document, and the Silmi Document) and illustrates how diverse opposing key political actors reflected their vision of human rights during the constitution-making process and tried to impose their ideological views on the county’s legal, political, and social frameworks. | [
{
"display_name": "Ortadoğu etütleri",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210194505",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "DergiPark (Istanbul University)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401840",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4285022692 | US Aid to Egypt: The Challenge of Balancing National Interest and Human Rights | [
{
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{
"country": "Pakistan",
"display_name": "University of Malakand",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I68649149",
"lat": 34.56561,
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"display_name": "Murad Ali",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006815933"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Pakistan",
"display_name": "University of Malakand",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I68649149",
"lat": 34.56561,
"long": 71.93043,
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],
"display_name": "Mairaj ul Hamid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055603200"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Pakistan",
"display_name": "Quaid-i-Azam University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I12469534",
"lat": 33.747223,
"long": 73.138885,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Sadia Sulaiman",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040055234"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Safeguarding",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756"
},
{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
},
{
"display_name": "Legislation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Law and economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190253527"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
}
] | [
"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285022692 | The United States provides generous aid to developing countries around the world. However, one of the conditions for aid giving is to first make sure that the receiving country is not involved in human rights violations. In this respect the US has also passed legislation in 1970s that clearly forbids aid, both economic and military, to a country involved in human rights violations. While such legislation is in place, the actual practice of aid giving often ignores the human rights violations. In this article, we focus on the US aid giving to Egypt and explore whether the US took into consideration the aspect of human rights violation by the latter. Examining US economic and military aid to Egypt over an extended period of several decades covering various regimes including that of President Sisi, we conclude that the US has consistently ignored the aspect of human rights violations as the country is vital for safeguarding US foreign policy goals in the region. | [
{
"display_name": "Review of human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210178883",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4366829953 | Human Rights as Space-Making: Bodily Performative Activism Against Sexual Violence in Egypt | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Sweden",
"display_name": "Lund University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I187531555",
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"display_name": "Emma Sundkvist",
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"display_name": "Performative utterance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134141054"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
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{
"display_name": "Public space",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984866010"
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{
"display_name": "Gender studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Criminology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C73484699"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C170154142"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
}
] | [
"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4366829953 | This article introduces the concept of space-making as a form of human rights activism. To develop the concept, I use the example of contentious street activism against sexual violence in post-2011 Egypt. My research has found that feminist activists utilised human rights as a legal tool for improving legislation and policy and as a linguistic strategy to challenge derogatory discourse. Using human rights in these two ways required that activists identify violations of rights and articulate their demands. Yet the contentious street activism in Egypt against sexual violence did not contain verbal utterances, so it cannot be captured through these two dimensions of human rights. In this article, I explore how to capture and analyse activism that sits within a human rights framework, but which is devoid of specific rights claims or clarified motives, where the focus seems instead to be on the public space. By engaging with theories of performativity, vulnerability, rights claiming, and subjectivisation, I argue that through modes of activism against sexual violence that take the form of performative bodily enactments of space, people convert themselves into the human rights subjects they are told they cannot be. | [
{
"display_name": "Nordic Journal of Human Rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S195083574",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3016974988 | Human Rights Violations in Egypt and the Response of UN agencies 'Post Arab Spring' | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sabeel Ahmad Naeem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031586595"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Human rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169437150"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Democracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
"display_name": "International human rights law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86615163"
},
{
"display_name": "International community",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779872411"
},
{
"display_name": "Face (sociological concept)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779304628"
},
{
"display_name": "Middle East",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3651065"
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{
"display_name": "Fundamental rights",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95691615"
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{
"display_name": "Spring (device)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778712887"
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{
"display_name": "Sociology",
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{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "Social science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849"
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{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
}
] | [
"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016974988 | The ongoing human rights violations are the most challenging issue for the global community to curb. There are certain human rights violations that create disturbance in whole region. After Arab spring the region of Middle East caught up in the tornado of human rights violations. We have the case of Arab republic of Egypt where Human rights abuses are on its peak. After Arab Spring the democratic process prospered but soon it was halted by Military establishment of Egypt. The citizens under Sisi regime face severe Human rights violations, they are abducted, tortured, rape and the detainees are not given basic health facilities, the judiciary is politicized and political activist killings are regular now. The United Nations is the world biggest organizations that claims and have the infrastructure to spread peace and stability in such regions. Especially when it comes to Human rights abuses, there is only UN and its member states that can enforce the government to provide the basic Human rights to its people. The research paper shows what violations are being done and what role United Nations can play to prevent these violations. | [
{
"display_name": "Strategy international journal of middle east research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210214051",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
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