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https://openalex.org/W3015182709 | Reporting of workplace violence towards nurses in 5 European countries – a cross-sectional study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3015182709 | This study aimed to assess country-specific evidence of physical and non-physical acts of workplace violence towards nurses working in the health sector in 5 European countries, and then to identify reasons for not reporting violence experienced at work.This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 participating countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, and Spain). All registered nurses working in selected healthcare settings for at least 1 year were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire adapted from the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study - Questionnaire, developed jointly by the International Labour Office, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization and Public Services International, was used. The selection of healthcare settings and the distribution of the questionnaire were conducted according to the recommendations of the questionnaire authors.In total, 1089 nurses submitted completed questionnaires which could be included in the study. Of these, 54% stated that they had been exposed to non-physical violence and 20% had been exposed to physical violent acts. A total of 15% of the surveyed nurses experienced both forms of workplace violence. In addition, 18% of the respondents confirmed having witnessed physical violence in their workplace. The most common perpetrators were patients and patients' relatives. In about 70% of these cases, no actions were taken after the act of violence to investigate its causes. About half of the study group did not report workplace violence as they believed it was useless or not important. The most common consequences of workplace violence included being "superalert" or watchful and on guard.Nurses internationally are both victims of and witnesses to workplace violence. Workplace violence is often seen by nurses as an occupational hazard and, as such, it remains not reported. The first step in preventing workplace violence is not only to acknowledge its existence but also to ensure the appropriate reporting of violent acts. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(3):325-38. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1985618595 | Doctor's perception of doctor-patient relationships in emergency departments: What roles do gender and ethnicity play? | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985618595 | Emergency departments continuously provide medical treatment on a walk-in basis. Several studies investigated the patient's perception of the doctor-patient relationship, but few have asked doctors about their views. Furthermore, the influence of the patient's ethnicity and gender on the doctor's perception remains largely unanswered.Based on data collated in three gynaecology (GYN)/internal medicine (INT) emergency departments in Berlin, Germany, we evaluated the impact of the patient's gender and ethnicity on the doctors' satisfaction with the course of the treatment they provided. Information was gathered from 2.429 short questionnaires completed by doctors and the medical records of the corresponding patients.The patient's ethnicity had a significant impact on the doctors' satisfaction with the doctor-patient relationship. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) for physician satisfaction was significantly lower for patients of Turkish origin (OR = 2.6 INT and 5.5 GYN) than for those of German origin. The main reasons stated were problems with communication and a perceived lack of urgency for emergency treatment. The odds ratios for dissatisfaction due to a lack of language skills were 4.48 (INT) and 6.22 (GYN), and those due to perceived lack of urgency for emergency treatment were 0.75 (INT) and 0.63 (GYN). Sex differences caused minor variation.The results show that good communication despite language barriers is crucial in providing medical care that is satisfactory to both patient and doctors, especially in emergency situations. Therefore the use of professional interpreters for improved communication and the training of medical staff for improved intercultural competence are essential for the provision of adequate health care in a multicultural setting. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2277176759 | How Medical Students Use the Computer and Internet at a Turkish Military Medical School | [
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https://openalex.org/W2588298426 | Children’s sugar-sweetened beverages consumption: associations with family and home-related factors, differences within ethnic groups explored | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2588298426 | The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may contribute to the development of overweight among children. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between family and home-related factors and children's SSB consumption. We explored associations within ethnic background of the child.Cross-sectional data from the population-based 'Water Campaign' study were used. Parents (n = 644) of primary school children (6-13 years) completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, family and home-related factors and child's SSB intake. The family and home-related factors under study were: cognitive variables (e.g. parental attitude, subjective norm), environmental variables (e.g. availability of SSB, parenting practices), and habitual variables (e.g. habit strength, taste preference). Regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between family and home-related factors and child's SSB intake (p < 0.05).Mean age of the children was 9.4 years (SD: 1.8) and 54.1% were girls. The child's average SSB intake was 0.9 litres (SD: 0.6) per day. Child's age, parents' subjective norm, parenting practices, and parental modelling were positively associated with the child's SSB intake. The availability of SSB at home and school and parental attitude were negatively associated with the child's SSB intake. The associations under study differed according to the child's ethnic background, with the explained variance of the full models ranging from 8.7% for children from Moroccan or Turkish ethnic background to 44.4% for children with Dutch ethnic background.Our results provide support for interventions targeting children's SSB intake focussing on the identified family and home-related factors, with active participation of parents. Also, the relationships between these factors and the child's SSB intake differed for children with distinct ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, we would recommend to tailor interventions taking into account the ethnic background of the family.Number NTR3400 ; date April 4th 2012; retrospectively registered. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2076802668 | When to see a doctor for common health problems: distribution patterns of functional health literacy across migrant populations in Switzerland | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076802668 | Knowing when to seek professional help for health problems is considered an important aspect of health literacy. However, little is known about the distribution of help-seeking knowledge in the general population or specific subpopulations.We analysed data from the "Health Monitoring of the Swiss Migrant Population 2010" and used a short survey tool to study the distribution of help-seeking knowledge. We sampled members of four migrant groups (from Portugal, Turkey, Serbia and Kosovo; n = 2,614). Our tool contained 12 items that addressed common physical and psychological health problems. A total sum score measured help-seeking knowledge. Two sub-scores analysed knowledge related to potential overuse (minor symptoms) or potential underuse (major symptoms). We applied linear regression to show variations in help-seeking knowledge by age, sex, region of origin and length of stay.Controlling for self-rated health, we found that region of origin, higher education, female gender and younger age were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores.We present empirical evidence of unequal distribution of help-seeking knowledge across four migrant populations in Switzerland. Our findings contribute to current conceptual developments in health literacy, and provide starting points for future research. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3005717846 | Determining Middle-Aged and Older Adults’ Health Beliefs to Change Lifestyle and Health Behavior for Dementia Risk Reduction | [
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"display_name": "Dokuz Eylül University",
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"display_name": "Dokuz Eylül University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I193615760",
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"Turkey"
] | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3005717846 | Background: Global population is getting older and the prevalence of dementia continuously increases. Understanding the related health beliefs is bound to enable lifestyle-based interventions that maximize public engagement in dementia risk reduction behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine health beliefs on dementia prevention behaviors and lifestyle changes and to determine the factors influencing these beliefs among middle-aged and older people in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 284 individuals aged 40 years and older, using nonprobability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic characteristic form and the Turkish version of the Motivation for Changing Lifestyle and Health Behavior for Reducing the Risk of Dementia scale. The study utilized the value, mean, percentage frequency distribution, correlation, independent t test, and the one-way analysis of variance test. Results: The mean age of the participants included in the study was 56.99 ± 12.05, 68.7% of individuals were males. The mean education years of the participants were 11.22 ± 4.55. The majority (72.2%) of participants expressed subjective memory complaints. Presence of family history of dementia was 28.2%. Age, gender, education years, subjective memory complaints, presence family history of dementia, prior experience as a caregiver of dementia, and willingness to know their own risk were determined as essential factors that influence several health belief factors related to dementia risk reduction. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that males, older adults, and lower-educated and income are priority groups that should be guided for lifestyle and behavioral changes regarding dementia risk reduction. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2146823681 | Severity index for rheumatoid arthritis and its association with health care costs and biologic therapy use in Turkey | [
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{
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2146823681 | This study aimed to apply the previously validated severity index for rheumatoid arthritis (SIFRA) to prevalent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) groups in Turkey and determine the effect of RA severity on health care costs and biologic use.This retrospective study used the Turkish national health insurance database MEDULA (June 1, 2009-December 31, 2011). Prevalent RA patients were required to be age 18 to 99, have two RA diagnoses at least 60 days apart and be continuously enrolled 1 year prior to (baseline period) and post (follow-up period) index date, which was the first RA claim during the identification period (June 1, 2010-December 31, 2010). SIFRA was calculated for the baseline period. Total health care costs and biologic use were examined for the follow-up period. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between SIFRA score terciles and outcomes. Generalized linear models were applied to determine health care costs while multivariate logistic regression determined the effect of SIFRA on outcome measures for biologic use.A total of 1,920 patients were identified. The mean SIFRA score was 14.21, and 7.05 (49.57%) of the mean composed of clinical and functional status variables, followed by 6.32 (44.47%) for medications, 0.48 (3.40%) for radiology and laboratory findings, and 0.32 (2.25%) for extra-articular manifestation. There was a significant variation in scores across cities. After controlling for age, gender, region, and comorbidity index, patients in the high SIFRA tercile were 5.16 times more likely to be prescribed biologics (p<0.001, confidence interval [CI]: 3.46-7.69), and incurred annual health care costs that were €2,091 higher (p<0.001, CI: €1,557 - €2,625) than those in the low SIFRA score tercile.RA severity varies throughout Turkey and is a significant determinant of health care costs and biologic therapy use. Therefore, future comparative effectiveness studies should include the severity measure in their analysis. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2146074569 | The Effects of Peer Education on Reduction of the HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors Among Turkish University Students | [
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"display_name": "Serap Bulduk",
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"display_name": "Semra Erdoğan",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1500466363 | The present study aims to estimate childhood overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with individual and population-level correlates in Eastern and Western European countries.Data were obtained from the School Children Mental Health in Europe, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010 in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Turkey. The sample consists of 5,206 school children aged 6 to 11 years old. Information on socio-demographics, children's height and weight, life-style and parental attitude were reported by the mothers. Country-level indicators were obtained through several data banks. Overweight and obesity in children were calculated according to the international age and gender-specific child Body Mass Index cut-off points. Multivariable logistic regression models included socio-demographic, lifestyle, mothers' attitude, and country-level indicators to examine the correlates of overweight.Overall prevalence was 15.6% (95% CI = 19.3-21.7%) for overweight and 4.9% (95% CI = 4.3-5.6%) for obesity. In overweight (including obesity), Romanian children had the highest prevalence (31.4%, 95% CI = 28.1-34.6%) and Italian the lowest (10.4%, 95% CI = 8.1-12.6%). Models in the pooled sample showed that being younger (aOR = 0.93, 95% = CI 0.87-0.97), male (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07-1.43), an only child (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07-1.84), spending more hours per week watching TV (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI =1.002-1.03), and living in an Eastern Country were associated with greater risk of childhood overweight (including obesity). The same predictors were significantly associated with childhood overweight in the model conducted in the Eastern region, but not in the West. Higher Gross Domestic Product and Real Domestic Product, greater number of motor and passenger vehicles, higher percentage of energy available from fat, and more public sector expenditure on health were also associated with lower risk for childhood overweight after adjusting for covariables in the pooled sample and in the east of Europe, but not in the West.Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in school children is still high, especially in Eastern regions, with some socio-demographic factors and life-styles associated with being overweight. It is also in the Eastern region itself where better macro-economic indicators are related with lower rates of childhood overweight. This represents a public health concern that deserves special attention in those countries undertaking economic and political transitions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2971566620 | Acculturation is associated with older Turkish immigrants’ self-management abilities | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2971566620 | The few previous studies investigating acculturation and self-management have suggested that increased participation in (or adaptation to) the host culture is associated with better health and disease management. However, research on the relationship between acculturation strategies (attachment to the Dutch and Turkish cultures) and broader self-management abilities among older Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands is lacking. This study aimed to investigate this relationship in this population. Turkish immigrants aged > 65 years and residing in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (n = 2350), were identified using the municipal register. In total, 680 respondents completed the questionnaire (32% response rate). The average age of the respondents was 72.90 (standard deviation, 5.02; range, 66–95) years and 47.6% of respondents were women. The majority (80.3%) of respondents reported having low educational levels. Women, single individuals, less-educated respondents, and those with multimorbidity experienced lower levels of attachment to the Dutch culture and reported poorer self-management abilities. Slightly stronger relationships were found between self-management and attachment to the Dutch culture than attachment to the Turkish culture. Multimorbidity negatively affected the self-management abilities of older Turkish people living in the Netherlands. The study findings indicate that especially attachment to the Dutch culture matters for the self-management abilities of older Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. Given the high prevalence of multimorbidity in this population, investment in their self-management abilities is expected to be beneficial. Special attention is needed for women, single individuals, less-educated people, and those with multimorbidity. Interventions aiming to better integrate these groups into Dutch society are also expected to be beneficial for their self-management abilities. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2533222616 | Is It Safe to Vape? Analyzing Online Forums Discussing E-Cigarette Use during Pregnancy | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2533222616 | Introduction Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, or vaping, is increasing against a backdrop of declining smoking rates. E-cigarettes contain fewer toxicants than cigarettes, but their appearance and mode of use has the potential to satisfy the habitual aspects of smoking. To date, we know little about lay perceptions of the safety of using e-cigarettes in pregnancy. Methods We conducted a thematic discourse analysis of 13 online discussion forum threads that discussed e-cigarette use during pregnancy. We focused on the major discursive strategies that forum posters used to debate the safety of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. Results We identified three distinct ways in which forum posters debated the safety of using e-cigarettes during pregnancy: 1) quitting (nicotine) cold turkey is unsafe, 2) vaping is the lesser of two evils, and 3) vaping is not worth the risk. Conclusions Discussions about the safety of e-cigarettes drew on the premise that 1) immediate cessation of nicotine was potentially harmful and unsafe, 2) e-cigarettes were a harm reduction tool, or 3) vaping could be dangerous and should be avoided. Although these arguments are not necessarily specific to pregnancy (beside mentions of fetal-specific risks), this analysis points to the need to educate and support women about harm reduction options. Implications Health professionals should be aware that some women may be currently using or considering using e-cigarettes in an effort to quit or reduce smoking. It is important that health professionals are equipped to educate women with accurate, up-to-date, and balanced information about the risks and benefits of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2022667236 | A portable ultrasound based screening study on the prevalence and risk factors of cystic echinococcosis in primary school children in East Turkey | [
{
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"display_name": "Ünal Bakal",
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"display_name": "Ahmet Kazez",
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"display_name": "Muammer Akyol",
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"display_name": "Bezmiâlem Vakıf Üniversitesi",
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"display_name": "Ercan Kocakoç",
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"display_name": "Sami Sımşek",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777028278"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Prevalence",
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{
"display_name": "Pediatrics",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C159654299"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022667236 | The tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus constitutes a major public health concern, since its larval stage causes cystic echinococcosis (CE) which is a life-threatening zoonotic disease in many parts of the world. The purpose of the present study was to perform a screening study in order to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of CE using a portable ultrasound (US) in a representative sample of 2500 primary school children aged 7–14 in East Turkey, where CE is known to be endemic. The students were scanned by portable US while standing, with special attention to the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. The US scan was followed by a physical examination. In addition, a questionnaire was distributed to all students for completion with the assistance of their teachers regarding their demographic and social characteristics as well as their hygienic habits possibly related to CE. Students found positive were subjected to serologic examination. The US based prevalence was 0.2%. Organ involvement was 0.12% for liver and 0.08% for kidney. The response rate of the questionnaire survey was 93%. The risk factors found to be significant (P < 0.05) for CE infection were hand washing and family relative with CE. The results of this study indicate that CE infection is an important public health problem in East Turkey requiring appropriate control measures. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W3166411267 | Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs and distrust of science predict risky public health behaviours through optimistically biased risk perceptions in Ukraine, Turkey, and Germany | [
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{
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3166411267 | The present paper examines the extent to which conspiracy beliefs about the COVID-19 outbreak and distrust of epidemiological science are likely to predict optimistically biased risk perceptions at the individual and group levels. We explored the factor structure of coronavirus conspiracy beliefs and their associations with trust in science in predicting risk perceptions using survey data collected in Ukraine ( N = 390), Turkey ( N = 290), and Germany ( N = 408). We further expected conspiracy beliefs and distrust of science to predict people’s willingness to attend public gatherings versus maintaining preventive physical distancing through optimistically biased risk perceptions. Metric noninvariance for key constructs across the samples was observed so the samples were analysed separately. In Ukraine, a two-factor structure of conspiracy beliefs was found wherein COVID-19 bioweapon (but not COVID-19 profit) beliefs were negatively associated with public gathering through optimistically biased individual risk perceptions. In Turkey and Germany, conspiracy beliefs showed a single-factor solution that was negatively associated with preventive distancing and positively related to public gathering through optimistically biased public risk metaperceptions. The hypothesis about the direct and indirect effects of trust in science on risky health behaviour was partially confirmed in all three samples. The observed discrepancies in our findings are discussed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2168773545 | Prevalence and Annual Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Edirne, Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2168773545 | Tuberculosis is still an important problem in developing countries. A total of 3,774 students from primary schools in Edirne, Turkey were included in this study in order to determine the annual infection risk for the year 1994. Five tuberculin units of purified protein derivative were applied using a Mantoux test and evaluated. The mean induration diameter was 14.6 mm. A total of 51.6% of the students were found to be sensitive to tuberculin. The annual infection risk of tuberculosis was found to be 1.51%, lower than that found in 1987. Other studies from Turkey have reported lower values than ours. We did not diagnose any cases of tuberculosis. We revealed that the annual infection risk among primary schoolchildren in Edirne is close to the average for Turkey and thus tuberculosis is still a serious risk for these children. Tuberculosis remains an important public health problem in Turkey and is partially attributable to socioeconomic difficulties. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2160106813 | Public Knowledge and Attitude toward Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Tokat Turkey. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160106813 | The World health Organization (WHO) declares Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) endemic in Turkey. Despite the magnitude of problem, no documented evidence exists in Turkey, which reveals the awareness and practices of the country's adult population regarding CCHF, its spread, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CCHF in people visiting tertiary care hospital in Tokat, Turkey.This questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients' relatives or guardians who admitted pediatric outpatient clinics during May-July 2008. The questionnaire was composed of 25 questions.A total of 1034 respondents participated in the survey. Sufficient knowledge about CCHF was not found in 28.9% of the sample. Literate individuals were relatively better informed about CCHF as compared to the illiterate people. Television and radio were considered as the most important and useful source of information on the disease.We have found insufficient knowledge on CCHF in our population. It is thought to have no chance of success against a fatal disease such as CCHF, which has serious consequences, without the contribution of community. It is clear that there are important tasks for health, agriculture, and media sectors to improve public knowledge and awareness about CCHF. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2980424275 | Is war a man-made public health problem? | [
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] | [
"Turkey",
"Syria"
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"https://openalex.org/W2099722019",
"https://openalex.org/W2945340794"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2980424275 | Wars and armed conflicts have devastating consequences for the physical and mental health of all people involved, for the social life within and surrounding the war-affected regions, and for the health of the environment. Wars destroy health infrastructure, undoing years of health advancement, and severely compromise health systems' capacity to respond to the direct and indirect health consequences of fighting. Millions of people have been internally displaced or forced to flee their countries because of armed conflict. Forced migration creates further physical and mental health problems during transit, in enforced encampment, and because of restricted entitlement to health care in countries hosting refugees.1Levy B Sidel V War and public health. Oxford University Press, New York2008Crossref Scopus (169) Google Scholar, 2Levy B Sidel V Documenting the effects of armed conflict on population health.Ann Rev Public Health. 2016; 37: 205-218Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar, 3Razum O Barros H Otok R Tulchinsky TH Lindert J ASPHER position paper on refugee health.Eurohealth. 2016; 22: 36-38Google Scholar The disastrous effects might last for generations to come. In short, war is a man-made public health problem. In January, 2018, following the Turkish Government's announcement of a military operation in Afrin, Syria, the Turkish Medical Association (TMA) issued a public statement, declaring that “war is a man-made public health problem”.4Turkish Medical AssociationWar is a public health problem!.http://ttb.org.tr/haber_goster.php?Guid=28de85da-00e5-11e8-a05f-429c499923e4Date: Jan 24, 2018Date accessed: May 27, 2018Google Scholar As Sharmila Devi reports,5Devi S Turkish doctors sentenced to jail for statement on war.Lancet. 2019; 3932024Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar 11 TMA members (five of them from TMA's central council) were subsequently put on trial and sentenced to 20 months in prison with the charge of inciting hatred and hostility. The Association of Schools of Public Health in Europe (ASPHER) represents 119 schools of public health in 43 countries. ASPHER recognises the unequivocal evidence that war is a man-made public health problem. ASPHER is committed to direct the attention of the public and of policy makers to the irrevocable damage armed conflicts inflict on population health. Consequently, ASPHER stands in solidarity with the convicted TMA members. OR, HB, RB, MC, KC, NK, KL, and CS are the executive board members of ASPHER; RO is director at ASPHER; JM is president of ASPHER. Turkish doctors sentenced to jail for statement on warDoctors who called war a “man-made public health problem” receive jail sentences, in the latest government-led assault on the Turkish Medical Association. Sharmila Devi reports. Full-Text PDF | [
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https://openalex.org/W2887038589 | The perinatal health of immigrant women in France: a nationally representative study | [
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https://openalex.org/W2092381505 | Identification of alkaptonuria in the general population: a United Kingdom experience describing the challenges, possible solutions and persistent barriers | [
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https://openalex.org/W68894010 | STD/HIV prevention in Turkey: planning a sequence of interventions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2035062241 | The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis among boarding and daytime school children in southeast of Turkey: a cross sectional study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2035062241 | Nocturnal enuresis is an important problem among young children living in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible differences in the prevalence of enuresis between children in boarding school and daytime school and the association of enuresis with sociodemographic factors.This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 562 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to parents from two different types of schools. One of them was a day-time school and the other was a boarding school. To describe enuresis the ICD-10 definition of at least one wet night per month for three consecutive months was used. Chi-square test and a logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictive factors for enuresis.The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 14.9%. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis declined with age. Of the 6 year old children 33.3% still wetted their beds, while the ratio was 2.6% for 15 years-olds. There was no significant difference in prevalence of nocturnal enuresis between boys and girls (14.3% versus 16. 8%). Enuresis was reported as 18.5% among children attending day time school and among those 11.5% attending boarding school (p < 0.05). Prevalence of enuresis was increased in children living in villages, with low income and with positive family history (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, history of urinary tract infection (OR = 2.02), age (OR = 1.28), low monthly income (OR = 2.86) and family history of enuresis (OR = 3.64) were factors associated with enuresis. 46.4% of parents and 57.1% of enuretic children were significantly concerned about the impact of enuresis.Enuresis was more frequent among children attending daytime school when compared to boarding school. Our findings suggest that nocturnal enuresis is a common problem among school children, especially with low income, smaller age, family history of enuresis and history of urinary tract infection. Enuresis is a pediatric public health problem and efforts at all levels should be made such as preventive, etiological and curative. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2136453840 | Assessment of Turkish women's knowledge concerning folic acid and prevention of birth defects | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2136453840 | In Turkey, the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is 30.1 per 10,000 births. For this reason it seems an important problem for women of childbearing age. Adequate periconceptional consumption of folic acid could prevent NTDs. Most women are unaware of this recommendation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate women' knowledge and beliefs with regard to folic acid, and to estimate the consumption frequency of vitamin supplements periconceptionally and during the first trimester of pregnancy.Eight hundred and eighteen married women who had delivered a live-born infant within the previous 12 months completed the questionnaire. Each subject participated in a 20-minute interview, with the questionnaire comprising multiple-choice statements. A random sample of 10 public health centres was drawn from 27 in three districts in Konya where about 50% of the population lives.Only 22% of subjects had heard or read about folic acid. Thirteen per cent of women indicated knowledge of the direct link between folic acid supplementation and NTD prevention. The knowledge was greatest among 26- to 35-year-olds. Women with a university degree were more likely to have heard about folic acid than were less-educated women.The results indicate that further government efforts are needed to inform the population and promote the optimal use of folic acid supplements and folate-enriched foods. It is the responsibility of national authorities to increase health education concerning folic acid and the prevention of NTDs in their countries. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W123147564 | Cigarette prices and smoking prevalence after a tobacco tax increase--Turkey, 2008 and 2012. | [
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"display_name": "Office on Smoking",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W123147564 | Raising the price of tobacco products has been shown to reduce tobacco consumption in the United States and other high-income countries, and evidence of this impact has been growing for low- and middle-income countries as well. Turkey is a middle-income country surveyed by the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) twice in a 4-year period, in 2008 and 2012. During this time, the country introduced a policy raising its Special Consumption Tax on Tobacco and implemented a comprehensive tobacco control program banning smoking in public places, banning advertising, and introducing graphic health warnings. The higher tobacco tax took effect in early 2010, allowing sufficient time for subsequent changes in prices and smoking to be observed by the time of the 2012 GATS. This report uses data from GATS Turkey to examine how cigarette prices changed after the 2010 tax increase, describe the temporally associated changes in smoking prevalence, and learn whether this smoking prevalence changed more in some demographic groups than others. From 2008 to 2012, the average price paid for cigarettes increased by 42.1%, cigarettes became less affordable, and smoking prevalence decreased by 14.6%. The largest reduction in smoking was observed among persons with lower socioeconomic status (SES), highlighting the potential role of tax policy in reducing health disparities across socioeconomic groups. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2054284993 | Contextualising migrants’ health behaviour - a qualitative study of transnational ties and their implications for participation in mammography screening | [
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"Turkey",
"Iran",
"Somalia"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054284993 | Lower participation rates in mammography screening are common among migrant women compared to native-born women. Explanations of these lower rates have mainly been based on behavioural theories investigating how lack of knowledge, access to services and culture influence the screening behaviour. The aim of the present study was to contextualise screening behaviour by exploring migrants’ transnational ties and their influence on participation in mammography screening in Denmark. The study is based on the analysis of qualitative interviews with 29 women residing in greater Copenhagen, Denmark and born in Somalia, Turkey, India, Iran, Pakistan and Arab-speaking countries. We found that while women had knowledge about breast cancer and mammography screening, it was not prioritised. All women were embedded in transnational ties, which they struggled to retain through emotional and financial obligations, and these current struggles in their everyday life seemed to leave little room for concerns about breast cancer and therefore seemed to contribute to their lower participation in screening. The study emphasises the need to take into account the multi-layered and multi-sided factors in migrants’ everyday life in order to further understand their health behaviour. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2323910670 | National Health System Steps in Turkey | [
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https://openalex.org/W2102310100 | Risk of coronary heart disease among Turkish migrants to Germany: further epidemiological evidence | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2102310100 | Porsch-Özçürümez et al. [ [1] Porsch-Oezcueruemez M. Bilgin Y. Wollny M. et al. Prevalence of risk factors of coronary heart disease in Turks living in Germany: The Giessen study. Atherosclerosis. 1999; 144: 185-198 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar ] reported that Turkish men who immigrated to Germany 1 or 2 decades ago by now have a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) than either Turkish men who remained in Turkey or German men [ [1] Porsch-Oezcueruemez M. Bilgin Y. Wollny M. et al. Prevalence of risk factors of coronary heart disease in Turks living in Germany: The Giessen study. Atherosclerosis. 1999; 144: 185-198 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar ]. Furthermore, clinical observations seem to indicate that male Turkish migrants have an earlier onset of severe CHD than German men [ [1] Porsch-Oezcueruemez M. Bilgin Y. Wollny M. et al. Prevalence of risk factors of coronary heart disease in Turks living in Germany: The Giessen study. Atherosclerosis. 1999; 144: 185-198 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar ]. These findings, if confirmed, would have major public health implications for the 2.5 million Turks living in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Austria. In their study, Porsch-Özçürümez et al. enrolled a cross-sectional sample of Turks residing in Germany and voluntarily participating in a check-up program. This study design has two limitations: it does not allow investigation of time trends in CHD prevalence, and findings may not be representative for the Turkish migrant population in Germany. We here provide epidemiological evidence that partly overcomes these limitations. We obtained data on time trends and age distribution of MI mortality among all Turkish and German men aged 25–64 years and residing in West Germany from national registries [ [3] These data are not routinely available and had to be compiled with the help of the Statistical Offices of the 11 federal states of West Germany. Data collection was supported by a grant from Deutsche Krebshilfe, grant number 70-2364-Ze I. Google Scholar ]. We base our line of argumentation on the assumption that among younger men, mortality from acute myocardial infarction (MI; ICD-9: 410) can be regarded as a proxy for morbidity from severe CHD. Decreases in MI mortality, in turn, are interpreted as largely reflecting decreases in coronary event rates [ [2] Tunstall-Pedoe H. KuuIasmaa K. Mahonen M. Tolonen H. Ruokokoski E. Amouyel P. Contribution of trends in survival and coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO MONICA project populations. Lancet. 1999; 353: 1547-1557 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1274) Google Scholar ]. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2507849474 | <h3>Introduction</h3> Understanding what enhances the motivation and performance of community health workers (CHWs) in humanitarian emergencies represents a key research gap within the field of human resources for health. This paper presents the research protocol for the Performance ImprovEment of CHWs in Emergency Settings (PIECES) research programme. Enhancing Learning and Research in Humanitarian Action (ELRHA) funded the development of this protocol as part of their Health in Humanitarian Crises (R2HC) call (No.19839). PIECES aims to understand what factors improve the performance of CHWs in level III humanitarian emergencies. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The suggested protocol uses a realist evaluation with multiple cases across the 3 country sites: Turkey, Iraq and Lebanon. Working with International Medical Corps (IMC), an initial programme theory was elicited through literature and document reviews, semistructured interviews and focus groups with IMC programme managers and CHWs. Based on this initial theory, this protocol proposes a combination of semistructured interviews, life histories and critical incident narratives, surveys and latent variable modelling of key constructs to explain how contextual factors work to trigger mechanisms for specific outcomes relating to IMC9s 300+ CHWs9 performance. Participants will also include programme staff, CHWs and programme beneficiaries. Realist approaches will be used to better understand ‘what works, for whom and under what conditions’ for improving CHW performance within humanitarian contexts. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Trinity College Dublin9s Health Policy and Management/Centre for Global Health Research Ethics Committee gave ethical approval for the protocol development phase. For the full research project, additional ethical approval will be sought from: Université St. Joseph (Lebanon), the Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health in Baghdad (Iraq) and the Middle East Technical University (Turkey). Dissemination activities will involve a mixture of research feedback, policy briefs, guidelines and recommendations, as well as open source academic articles. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205098784 | Occupational health and safety (OHS) risk assessment studies have gained importance recently as a result of increasing occupational accidents and occupational diseases. The health sector has a greater risk than many sectors for occupational accidents and occupational diseases. Although the health sector is one of the priority sectors in Turkey, OHS practices have not been fully implemented in this field. For this reason, this study adopts a two-stage approach to assess the OHS risks in the health sector by combining the Fine-Kinney and multi-criteria hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) methods. The proposed method was applied to the OHS risks in the operating room of a public hospital in Turkey. As a solution to the problem, first, the potential hazards and related risks in the operating room were determined by the experts. In this first stage, 44 hazards were determined from the opinions of experts and records of past incidents. Parameter weights were then determined using the multi-criteria HFLTS method. The multi-criteria HFLTS method was used to evaluate seven hazards to be categorized as substantial-risk or higher according to the Fine-Kinney method, taking into account parameter weights. Sensitivity analysis was then carried out. Finally, actions were taken to mitigate the risks. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2523287175 | (Non-)utilization of pre-hospital emergency care by migrants and non-migrants in Germany | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2523287175 | This study was designed to explore the utilization and non-utilization of pre-hospital emergency care by migrants and non-migrants, and the factors that influence this behaviour. A cross-sectional representative German survey was conducted in a sample of 2.175 people, 295 of whom had a migration background. An additional sample of 50 people with Turkish migration background was conducted, partially in the Turkish language. Apart from socio-demographics, the utilization of emergency services and the reasons for non-utilization were assessed. Migrants had a higher utilization rate of pre-hospital emergency care (RR = 1.492) than non-migrants. Furthermore, migrants who were not born in Germany had a lower utilization rate (RR = 0.793) than migrants who were born in Germany. Regarding non-utilization, the most frequently stated reasons belonged to the categories initial misjudgment of the emergency situation and acting on one’s own behalf, with the latter stated more frequently by migrants than by non-migrants. To prevent over-, under-, and lack of supply, it is necessary to transfer knowledge about the functioning of the medical emergency services, including first aid knowledge. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2132207020 | The links between health-related behaviors and life satisfaction in elderly individuals who prefer institutional living | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2132207020 | Abstract Background Life satisfaction among residents of institutions is becoming an important issue in a rapidly aging population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the links between life satisfaction and health-related behaviors amongst functionally independent elderly people who prefer institutional living in İstanbul, Turkey. Methods The socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, leisure-time activities and fall histories of 133 residents of an institution in Istanbul were assessed by a structured questionnaire during face-to-face interviews. A validated life-satisfaction index questionnaire (LSI-A) was completed. Results The mean age of the study group was 73.9 ± 8.0 (range 60–90 years). Within the group, 22.6% had never married and 14.3% had university degrees. The majority (71.4%) were in the low income bracket. The overall mean LSI-A score was 20.3 ± 5.9. Participants who declared moderate/high income levels had a significantly higher mean LSI-A score than those in the low-income bracket (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis of the data suggested that leisure-time activities and participation in regular physical activities are significant predictors of LSI-A scores (R 2 : 0.112; p = 0.005 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion The findings imply that regular physical activity and leisure-time activities are significantly related to life satisfaction among residents in institutions. Participation in physical activity and leisure-time activity programs may help to improve the life satisfaction of elderly people living in institutions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2116584864 | A prospective cohort study of dietary patterns of non-western migrants in the Netherlands in relation to risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: HELIUS-Dietary Patterns | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2116584864 | In Western countries the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is often higher in non-Western migrants as compared to the host population. Diet is an important modifiable determinant of CVD. Increasingly, dietary patterns rather than single nutrients are the focus of research in an attempt to account for the complexity of nutrient interactions in foods. Research on dietary patterns in non-Western migrants is limited and may be hampered by a lack of validated instruments that can be used to assess the habitual diet of non-western migrants in large scale epidemiological studies. The ultimate aims of this study are to (1) understand whether differences in dietary patterns explain differences in CVD risk between ethnic groups, by developing and validating ethnic-specific Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs), and (2) to investigate the determinants of these dietary patterns. This paper outlines the design and methods used in the HELIUS-Dietary Patterns study and describes a systematic approach to overcome difficulties in the assessment and analysis of dietary intake data in ethnically diverse populations. The HELIUS-Dietary Patterns study is embedded in the HELIUS study, a Dutch multi-ethnic cohort study. After developing ethnic-specific FFQs, we will gather data on the habitual intake of 5000 participants (18-70 years old) of ethnic Dutch, Surinamese of African and of South Asian origin, Turkish or Moroccan origin. Dietary patterns will be derived using factor analysis, but we will also evaluate diet quality using hypothesis-driven approaches. The relation between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors will be analysed using multiple linear regression analysis. Potential underlying determinants of dietary patterns like migration history, acculturation, socio-economic factors and lifestyle, will be considered. This study will allow us to investigate the contribution of the dietary patterns on CVD risk factors in a multi-ethnic population. Inclusion of five ethnic groups residing in one setting makes this study highly innovative as confounding by local environment characteristics is limited. Heterogeneity in the study population will provide variance in dietary patterns which is a great advantage when studying the link between diet and disease. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1637614480 | Research conducted in North America suggests that students tend to overestimate tobacco use among their peers. This perceived norm may impact personal tobacco use. It remains unclear how these perceptions influence tobacco use among European students. The two aims were to investigate possible self-other discrepancies regarding personal use and attitudes towards use and to evaluate if perceptions of peer use and peer approval of use are associated with personal use and approval of tobacco use. The EU-funded ‘Social Norms Intervention for the prevention of Polydrug usE’ study was conducted in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Slovak Republic, Spain, Turkey and United Kingdom. In total, 4482 students (71% female) answered an online survey including questions on personal and perceived tobacco use and personal and perceived attitudes towards tobacco use. Across all countries, the majority of students perceived tobacco use of their peers to be higher than their own use. The perception that the majority (> 50%) of peers used tobacco regularly in the past two months was significantly associated with higher odds for personal regular use (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.90–3.73). The perception that the majority of peers approve of tobacco use was significantly associated with higher odds for personal approval of tobacco use (OR: 6.49, 95% CI: 4.54–9.28). Perceived norms are an important predictor of personal tobacco use and attitudes towards use. Interventions addressing perceived norms may be a viable method to change attitudes and tobacco use among European students, and may be a component of future tobacco control policy. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2534120050 | Cholera in the time of war: implications of weak surveillance in Syria for the WHO's preparedness—a comparison of two monitoring systems | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2534120050 | Public health breakdown from the Syrian government's targeting of healthcare systems in politically unsympathetic areas has yielded a resurgence of infectious diseases. Suspected cholera recently reappeared but conflict-related constraints impede laboratory confirmation. Given the government's previous under-reporting of infectious outbreaks and the reliance of the WHO on government reporting, we sought to assess the reliability of current surveillance systems.We compared weekly surveillance reports of waterborne diseases from the Syrian government's (WHO-associated) Early Warning and Response System (EWARS), based in Damascus, and the independent, non-governmental Early Warning and Response Network (EWARN) headquartered in Gaziantep, Turkey. We compared raw case rates by EWARS and EWARN and assessed the quality of reporting against the WHO benchmarks.We identified significant under-reporting and delays in the government's surveillance. On average, EWARS reports were published 24 days (range 12-61) after the reference week compared with 11 days (5-21) for EWARN. Average completeness for EWARS was 75% (55-84%), compared with 92% for EWARN (85-99%). Average timeliness for EWARS was 79% (51-100%), compared with 88% for EWARN (70-97%). EWARS made limited use of rapid diagnostic tests, and rates of collection of stool samples for laboratory cholera testing were well below reference levels.In the context of the current Syrian war, the government's surveillance is inadequate due to lack of access to non-government held territory, an incentive to under-report the consequence of government attacks on health infrastructure, and an impractical insistence on laboratory confirmation. These findings should guide the WHO reform for surveillance in conflict zones. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2806311682 | The impact of economic and social factors on the prevalence of hepatitis B in Turkey | [
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https://openalex.org/W2151459935 | Patterns of motivations and ways of quitting smoking among Polish smokers: A questionnaire study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2151459935 | The majority of Polish smokers declare their will to quit smoking and many of them attempt to quit. Although morbidity and mortality from tobacco-related diseases are among the highest in the world, there is a lack of comprehensive cessation support for smokers. We aimed to investigate how Poles, including the medically ill, cope with quitting cigarettes and what their motivations to quit are.Convenience sampling was used for the purpose of the study. Individuals attending several health care units were screened for a history of quit attempts. Ex-smokers were defined as smoking previously at least one cigarette/day but who have no longer been smoking for at least one month. Attempts at quitting were defined as abstaining from cigarettes for at least one day. Data on socio-demographics, tobacco use, quitting behaviors and reasons to quit from 618 subjects (385 ex- and 233 current smokers) who fulfilled these criteria were collected with the use of a questionnaire. For the comparison of proportions, a chi-square test was used.In the entire study population, 77% of smokers attempted to quit smoking on their own and a similar proportion of smokers (76%) used the cold turkey method when quitting. Current smokers were more likely than former smokers to use some form of aid (p = 0.0001), mainly nicotine replacement therapy (68%). The most important reasons for quitting smoking were: general health concern (57%), personal health problems (32%) and social reasons (32%). However, 41% of smokers prompted to quitting by personal health problems related to tobacco smoking did not see the link between the two. A small proportion of ex-smokers (3%) abstaining from cigarettes for longer than a year were not confident about their self-efficacy to sustain abstinence further.The majority of Polish smokers, including patients with tobacco-related diseases, attempt to quit without smoking cessation assistance, thus there is a need for a broader professional help for them. There is also a lack of general information on hazards related to tobacco and further anti-tobacco campaigns in media are needed. Finally, former smokers should be given more attention and periodic inquiries regarding the smoking habit are worthwhile. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2191460728 | The flight of white-collars: Civil conflict, availability of medical service providers and public health | [
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https://openalex.org/W187925017 | Testicular cancer awareness and testicular self-examination among university students. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W187925017 | This study was planned to determine the knowledge of testicular cancer (TC), risk factors and testicular self-examination (TSE) among university students.A survey study was conducted at a university located in Ankara, Turkey with 634 male students.Almost half of them (44%) heard TC during their education and life but majority of participants has lack of knowledge about sign and symptoms of TC. Only 5.9 % of them (n = 38) indicated they received information on TSE and 17.7 % have performed the practice of TSE before; only one in a forth (n=21) performed monthly. The reason for not doing TSE was mostly (83.4%) 'not having knowledge' and 'not seen as important' (55.7%).Adding the education on TC, risk factors and TSE into their curriculum is proposed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W1830210284 | Determining the health beliefs and breast cancer fear levels ofwomen regarding mammography | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1830210284 | Background/aim: Women's fears and health beliefs impact their participation in early breast cancer diagnosis approaches. This study was conducted to determine the health beliefs and fear levels of women older than 50 regarding mammography. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey. The study cohort consisted of 300 women selected by cluster sampling who agreed to participate in the study. A health belief model scale and breast cancer fear scale were used in data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, and correlation analysis were used in the data analysis. Results: Participants had an age average of 59.88 ± 6.49 years, and 86.3% were illiterate. Only 34.7% of women stated that they had had a mammogram in the past. The women's average scores on the lower dimensions of the health belief model scale were determined as follows: 6.52 ± 2.81 for sensitivity perception, 18.49 ± 5.22 for seriousness perception, 16.80 ± 4.31 for health motivation perception, 15.83 ± 3.89 for mammography benefit perception, and 28.74 ± 8.35 for mammography barrier perception. The score average of the breast cancer fear scale was determined as 23.81 ± 9.71. Conclusion: We observed that women's health beliefs and breast cancer fear levels impacted their participation in mammography. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2806242309 | Trajectories of health-related quality of life in immigrants and non-immigrants in Germany: a population-based longitudinal study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2806242309 | Due to a lack of longitudinal studies on health in immigrants, the purpose of the present study is to investigate trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in immigrants and non-immigrants in Germany by considering the impact of immigration-related factors. Based on longitudinal SOEP data from 2002 to 2012, the trajectories of the mental (MCS) and physical component (PCS) of HRQoL (assessed with SF-12v2) were analyzed in 8546 subjects, including 1064 immigrants by conducting hierarchical linear models. MCS remains stable over time, whereas PCS shows a decrease, influenced by increasing age. There were no differences between immigrants and non-immigrants concerning PCS trajectories as well as no influence of immigration-related factors on it. In contrast, MCS trajectories were influenced by immigration-related factors: 2nd-generation immigrants, participants from Turkey or Southern Europe and those who immigrated at young age show a slight decrease in MCS over time. The results show negative association between MCS and time in different groups of immigrants. Future research is needed for better conceptualization of the complex interplay between health and migration over time to identify subgroups at greater risk for mental distress. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2969247436 | Temporal changes in the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis | [
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"Turkey"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2969247436 | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health problem. Despite various epidemiological studies reporting prevalence of DM in Turkey, there is no meta-analysis or systematic review evaluating these studies as a whole and assessing temporal changes in the prevalence of DM. In this meta-analysis, the studies that have been conducted in the last 15 years and which provide information on the prevalence of DM in our country are examined.Epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors in adult Turkish population that had been conducted within the last 15 years and having the capacity of either representating or potentially representing the country, were searched through Ovid, Medline and Web of Science Core Collection the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBIM) databases. Additionally, websites of Ministry of Health and related societies were investigated for additional studies. Random effects model was used in meta-analysis of low bias risk studies. Meta-regression was performed to evaluate the temporal change in DM prevalence.There were 8 studies which provided information with regard to DM prevalence (n=84656). Four of these studies (n=56853) had low bias risk and four had high bias risk (n=27803). When compared with low bias risk studies, those with high bias risk had very large variation of DM prevalence (between 4% to 15%). Meta-analysis of the low bias risk group yielded a crude DM prevalence of 13.5% (95% CI: 11.6-15.5%) in the whole group, 14.2% (95% CI: 12.3-16.2%) in females, 12.6% (95% CI: 10.5-14.9%) in males. In meta-regression analysis of low bias risk group, mean age difference among the studies and the time period in which the study was undertaken were partially able to explain the inter-study heterogeneity (R2 values were 52% and 78%).This meta-analysis shows that DM is a highly prevalent public health problem in our country. Contrary to studies, which compare the recent studies with previous ones and report an increasing prevalence of DM, the present meta-analysis-despite its limitations-provides findings that the temporal increase of DM prevalence is at least paused over time. This situation underlines the need for new studies. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W1970347276 | Immigrants and a public oral health care service for children in Denmark | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970347276 | Abstract The present study was conducted to compare level of dental caries, treatment pattern and contact patterns with the Child Oral Health Care System of children of immigrants. The study comprised 239 Turkish, 117 Pakistani and 91 other immigrants and a control group of 359 Danish children. Data were extracted from the dental records in the clinic where they were treated. All groups of immigrants showed more caries in the primary dentition and less caries in the permanent dentition than Danish children of comparable age. For preschoolchildren a higher number of broken appointments were found for the immigrants as well as a higher number of appointments which were interrupted due to management problems. The consequences for planning preventive and restorative programs for children of immigrants are discussed. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2885542220 | Qualitative accounts from Syrian health professionals regarding violations of the right to health, including the use of chemical weapons, in opposition-held Syria | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2885542220 | Objectives To explore the impact of the conflict, including the use of chemical weapons, in Syria on healthcare through the experiences of health providers using a public health and human rights lens. Design A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews conducted in-person or over Skype using a thematic analysis approach. Setting Interviews were conducted with Syrian health workers operating in opposition-held Syria in cooperation with a medical relief organisation in Gaziantep, Turkey. Participants We examined data from 29 semi-structured in-depth interviews with a sample of health professionals with current or recent work-related experience in opposition-controlled areas of Syria, including respondents to chemical attacks. Results Findings highlight the health worker experience of attacks on health infrastructure and services in Syria and consequences in terms of access and scarcity in availability of essential medicines and equipment. Quality of services is explored through physicians’ accounts of the knock-on effect of shortages of equipment, supplies and personnel on the right to health and its ethical implications. Health workers themselves were found to be operating under extreme conditions, in particular responding to the most recent chemical attacks that occurred in 2017, with implications for their own health and mental well-being. Conclusions The study provides unique insight into the impact war has had on Syrian’s right to health through the accounts of a sample of Syrian health professionals, with continuing relevance to the current conflict and professional issues facing health workers in conflict settings. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3212343620 | Factors associated with Turkish pharmacists’ intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine: an observational study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3212343620 | Background Pharmacists have been taking part in vaccination services during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research identifying pharmacists' intention to get COVID-19 vaccine is limited. Aim The objective of this study was to determine the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine and to identify the factors related to it based on the Health Belief Model framework among Turkish pharmacists. Method This is an observational study conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. The online survey was sent to all hospital and community pharmacists working in Turkey. Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change and Health Belief Model were used for the development of the questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Results Among all participants (n = 961), 74.7% had an intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. In model 1, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were associated with their intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.05). In model 2, the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was associated with being male, years of experience in the professional field, not having contracted COVID-19, having a pharmacy staff who had contracted COVID-19, and having had received seasonal flu shot within the previous year (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study highlights the factors related to the intention of the pharmacists to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Health Belief Model is the strongest predictor for vaccination intention and could be used to develop behavioural change techniques to promote vaccination. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2149858119 | Barriers and Facilitating Factors Perceived in Turkish Women's Behaviors Towards Early Cervical Cancer Detection: A Qualitative Approach | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149858119 | Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate perceived inhibiting and facilitating factors concerning cervical cancer early diagnosis behavior in Turkish women over the age of 40. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out by qualitative focus group interview with 35 participating women, in the period between April-June 2010. A semi-structured interview questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Model was used. Content analysis was applied to the study data. Results: Barriers such as lack of knowledge of women as regards to the cervical cancer and early detection, lack of sensitivity-negligence, forgetting, fear, inadequacy of health insurance and transportation, financial problems, inability to get an appointment, lack of female doctors, embarassment, fatalist approach were frequently addressed. As for facilitating factors, these included provision of information, health professionals showing interest and tolerance, free services, provision of transportation means and reminding telephone calls. Conclusions: Focus group interviews were found to be effective in determining inhibiting and facilitating factors concerning cervical cancer early diagnosis behavior. In line with the results of the study, preparation of structured national and regional education programs and their addition to curriculum programs may be effective in realizing and maintaining positive early detection behavior. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2065258960 | Boron in Human Health: Evidence for Dietary Recommendations and Public Policies | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065258960 | For over twenty years boron has been of interest to investigators confirming the safety and essentiality of the element in humans. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and pulses are natural sources of boron in the diet which world wide averages about 1-3 mg daily for most adults. In boron-rich regions of Turkey drinking water sources with 29 mg boron/liter are consumed without harmful effects. The European Union established a safe drinking water standard of 1.0 mg boron/ litre a level difficult for some regions to achieve. Safe standards are difficult to establish due to limited information and widely varying boron concentrations in food and water, high exposures in boron-rich regions or occupational settings and voluntary intakes, for example, of boron containing products. Current research implicates boron as an essential nutrient in humans demonstrating healthful effects in cellular functions associated with osteoporosis, arthritis, inflammation and cancer. Proposed mechanisms of action implicate that boron, found in cells as boric acid, participates in important membrane functions and intracellular signaling cascades. Traditionally, biochemical mechanisms associated with health- fully beneficial effects are needed for nutrients to meet the criteria for essentiality in humans. While boron meets the traditional criteria to be determined essential in humans the research process has provided additional insight into essential- ity for boron insight that essentiality for trace elements may based on different criteria. The study of boron in living systems provides a more fundamentally important role by demonstrating functions for trace elements differing from those needed to confirm essentiality previously for carbon based compounds, i.e., carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins in human nutrition. To conclude, boron can be a model element to introduce a new field of study, elementomics. Further studies from boron-rich areas are needed to determine essentiality, dietary requirements, metabolic functions, therapeutic applications, economic benefits and important public policies for boron, a biologically important trace element. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2137570145 | Effects of peer-led AIDS education aimed at Turkish and Moroccan male immigrants in The Netherlands: A randomised controlled evaluation study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2137570145 | An evaluation study was conducted in The Netherlands into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) education for immigrants given in their native language by peers. Turkish and Moroccan men were trained to educate people from their own ethnic group. The effect of peer education on the perceived threat of AIDS and beliefs about condom use were studied.Places where male immigrants met, i.e. coffee houses, mosques and bars, were matched and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group filled out a short questionnaire at the end of the education session (post-test), whereas the control group was pre-tested and had the opportunity of following the AIDS education after participation in the questionnaire.Using multilevel logistic regression analysis, an effect could be established on misunderstandings regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (OR = 5.9 and 95% CI: 2.3-15.3) and risk appraisal for HIV infection (OR = 2.9 and 95% CI: 1.3-6.3). The perceived benefits of the protective effect of condom use were affected in men 30 years and older, the perceived barrier of diminished satisfaction if using condoms was changed among unmarried men, condom self-efficacy was affected in men who valued peer education as important and an effect on intention to use condoms was found among Moroccans.Continuation of peer-led AIDS education for immigrants and adaption of the message to the needs of specific target groups is recommended. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2074774472 | An evaluation of health and sexuality education in Turkish elementary school curricula | [
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"https://openalex.org/W2098893623",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074774472 | Research was undertaken to evaluate whether and to what extent the health‐related domains, including sexuality education, specified by the Development of Health Awareness in Adolescent Project Science Committee overlapped with the goals and objectives of the 2002/03 elementary school curricula (grades one to eight; ages 7–14 years) in Turkey. For this aim, the goals and objectives of the courses in the curricula that include health‐related and sexuality‐related subjects were compared by the seven domains with a total of 230 subcategories. The analysis demonstrated that 147 of the 230 subcategories matched the goals and objectives of the curricula with the highest frequencies in the domains of physical development, protection from detrimental‐external factors and healthy living habits. However, the domain of healthy beginning to life was found to have the lowest frequency. Moreover, subcategories such as pregnancy–birth, unintended pregnancy, sexual identity, changes in adolescence, sexual violence and abuse, birth control and sexual discrimination were not covered at all. These results are discussed in relation to the missing points that might have implications for policy and practice in health and sexuality education in Turkey. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W3177480072 | Physical Activity among Adults Residing in 11 Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3177480072 | During the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, physical activity (PA) behaviors were altered worldwide due to public health measures such as “lockdown.” This study described PA among adults residing in 11 countries during COVID-19 lockdown and examined factors associated with PA engagement. We conducted a cross-sectional anonymous survey among adults (≥18 years old) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, Malaysia, North Macedonia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Of 11,775 participants, 63.7% were female and 52.8% were 18–34 years old. More than 40% of participants were insufficiently active (43.9%) and reported a decrease in their PA during lockdown (44.8%). Statistically significant differences were observed in (1) proportions of participants being insufficiently active, (2) level of PA, and (3) decrease in PA across the 11 countries. More stringent governmental policy responses were associated with greater likelihood of being insufficiently active during lockdown (adjusted odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.03, 1.45). Higher depression or anxiety scores were associated with greater likelihood of decreased level of PA during lockdown.We found substantial reductions in PA levels during COVID-19 lockdown across countries. Country-specific PA promotion interventions are needed during this and similar global emergencies. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2080803390 | Evaluating environmental tobacco smoke exposure in a group of Turkish primary school students and developing intervention methods for prevention | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080803390 | In countries like Turkey where smoking is highly prevalent, children's exposure to tobacco smoke is an important public health problem. The goals of this study were to determine the self-reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure status of primary school students in grades 3 to 5, to verify self-reported exposure levels with data provided from a biomarker of exposure, and to develop methods for preventing school children from passive smoking. The study was conducted on 347 primary school students by using a standard questionnaire and urinary cotinine tests. Children with verified ETS exposure were randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups. Two phone interviews were conducted with the parents of the first group regarding their children's passive smoking status and its possible consequences. On the other hand, a brief note concerning urinary cotinine test result was sent to parents of the second group. Nine months after the initial urinary cotinine tests, measurements were repeated in both groups. According to questionnaire data, 59.9% of the study group (208 of 347) were exposed to ETS. Urinary cotinine measurements of children were highly consistent with the self-reported exposure levels (P < 0.001). Two different intervention methods were applied to parents of the exposed children. Control tests suggested a remarkable reduction in the proportion of those children demonstrating a recent exposure to ETS in both groups. Proportions of children with urinary cotinine concentrations 10 ng/ml or lower were 79.5% in Group I and 74.2% in Group II (P > 0.05). Self-reported ETS exposure was found to be pretty accurate in the 9–11 age group when checked with urinary cotinine tests. Only informing parents that their childrens' ETS exposure were confirmed by a laboratory test seems to be very promising in preventing children from ETS. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2608116365 | Analysing workplace violence towards health care staff in public hospitals using alternative ordered response models: the case of north-eastern Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2608116365 | The main objective of this article is to determine key factors that may have a significant effect on the verbal abuse, emotional abuse and physical assault of health care workers in north-eastern Turkey. A self-administered survey was completed by 450 health care workers in three well-established hospitals in Erzurum, Turkey. Because of the discrete and ordered nature of the dependent variable of the survey, the data were analysed using four distinctive ordered response models. Results revealed that several key variables were found to be a significant determinant of workplace violence, such as the type of health institution, occupational position, weekly working hours, weekly shift hours, number of daily patient contacts, age group of the respondents, experience in the health sector, training against workplace violence and current policies of the hospitals and the Turkish Ministry of Health. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2133687683 | An analysis of the prevalence of malaria in Turkey over the last 85 years | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133687683 | Affecting 106 countries, malaria is a major global burden. Though intensive antimalaria efforts in Turkey have been successful in bringing down the number of cases, historically malaria was a serious public health concern.This paper reviews the prevalence rates of malaria in Turkey over the last 85 years (1925-2010). The time series of malaria prevalence was evaluated for possible structural changes by using Chow breakpoint tests and regression models using dummy variables, with autocorrelated errors and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models to assess the impact of volatility in prevalence.Seventy-eight cases of malaria were diagnosed in Turkey in 2010. Malaria prevalence rates in the country show a statistically significant volatility, which underlines the fragility of efforts to control the disease.It is necessary to analyse the national malaria control programme to evaluate to what extent its programmatic capacity, financial resources, and political commitment are sufficient to avoid eroding the gains that have already been made and, ultimately, eradicate malaria. It is essential that there should be no lessening in the long-standing efforts to reduce malaria. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2144229466 | Haemoglobinopathy Prevention Program in Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2144229466 | Thalassemia and abnormal haemoglobins are a serious health problem in Turkey. Very important steps for toward preventing thalassemia have been taken in Turkey by Ministry of Health (MOH), Turkish National Haemoglobinopathy Council (TNHC) and Thalassemia Federation of Turkey (TFT) since 2000. In 1993, a law was issued called Fight Against Hereditary Blood Disease especially for thalassemia and haemoglobinopathies. The law commends to prevent haemoglobinopathies and to treat all patients with haemoglobinopathy and thalassemia. A pilot project was started and centres were created in the MOH Hospitals in the southern provinces of Turkey. In 2000, TNHC was installed to combine all centres, foundations, and associations into one organization controlled by the MOH. In 2001, the MOH and the TNHC made an inventory of all recorded patients with thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobins in Turkey, registering at least 4513 patients. In 2002, written regulations for the Fight Against Hereditary Blood Disease were published. MOH and TNHC selected 33 provinces situated in the Thrace, Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean and South Eastern regions with high birth prevalence of severe haemoglobinopathies. In 2003, the haemoglobinopathy scientific committee was set-up, a guidebook was published and a national Hemoglobinopaty Prevention Program (HPP) was started in these high risk provinces . This program is running in these provinces successfully. In 2005, TFT was established as a secular society organization instead of TNHC. In 2007, National Thalassemia Prevention Campaign (NTPC) was organized for public education by TFT. This campaign contributed very important supporting to HPP in Turkey, because totally 62.682 people such as health workers, students, teachers, demarches, religion officers and the other many people were educated for preventing thalassemia and haemoglobinopathies. In 2009, National Thalassemia Education Seminars (NTES) for health personnel have been planned in 26 cities by MOH and TFT. A total 3.600 health persons were educated on thalassemia prevention and therapy with NTES in 18 centres in 2009 and 2010. In conclusion, according to reports of MOH, 46 first level haemoglobinopathy diagnosis centres, 5 second level diagnosis and therapy centre and 5 third level prenatal diagnosis centre were setup and licenced in 30 cities between 2003 and 2009. While premarital screening tests were 30% of all couples in 2003, it increased continuously during 6 years and it reached 81% in 2008. The number of new born with thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies was 272 in 2002, it was decreased to 23 in 2008, as a result there has been an 90% reduction in new affected births. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2168415344 | Socioeconomic inequalities in current daily smoking in five Turkish regions | [
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https://openalex.org/W2084712925 | Knowledge and anticipated attitudes of the community about bird flu outbreak in Turkey, 2007–2008: a survey-based descriptive study | [
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https://openalex.org/W3172447449 | Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Elementary School Teachers | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3172447449 | elementary schoolteachers play a central role in shaping their students' beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours related to health and oral hygiene. This study was designed to evaluate Turkish schoolteachers' levels of oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours.A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among elementary schoolteachers in Istanbul using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of 36 multiple-choice items categorised into six sections, and the participants were recruited using convenience sampling. (3) Results: A total of 385 elementary schoolteachers participated in this study. The majority were female (62.2%), qualified with a licensure degree (81.3%) and working in public schools (86.5%). Female gender and greater work experience were found to be promoters for oral health knowledge and positive attitudes. The correlation between their perceived knowledge and actual knowledge was very weak, thus suggesting that the teachers are inclined to overestimate their knowledge.The Turkish elementary schoolteachers showed satisfactory oral health knowledge and attitudes toward oral health education. The teachers' knowledge about dental trauma management was inadequate, necessitating urgent educational interventions, especially for physical education teachers, who are at the greatest risk of encountering such events during their work. The oral hygiene behaviours were not associated with teachers' oral health knowledge, attitudes, or practice, thus requiring further investigation. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2159969636 | Estimation of health and economic benefits of air pollution abatement for Turkey in 1990 and 1993 | [
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https://openalex.org/W2138420988 | Do unfavourable working conditions explain mental health inequalities between ethnic groups?: cross-sectional data of the HELIUS study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2138420988 | Ethnic inequalities in mental health have been found in many high-income countries. The purpose of this study is to test whether mental health inequalities between ethnic groups are mediated by exposure to unfavourable working conditions. Workers (n = 6278) were selected from baseline data of the multi-ethnic HELIUS study. Measures included two indices of unfavourable working conditions (lack of recovery opportunities, and perceived work stress), and two mental health outcomes (generic mental health: MCS-12 and depressive symptoms: PHQ-9). Mediation of the relationships between ethnicity and mental health by unfavourable working conditions was tested using the bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals technique. Linear models with and without the mediators included, and adjusted for gender and age. Attenuation was calculated as the change in B between the models with and without mediators. The sample comprised Dutch (1355), African Surinamese (1290), South-Asian Surinamese (1121), Turkish (1090), Ghanaian (729), and Moroccan (693) workers. After controlling for age and gender, all ethnic minorities had a higher risk of mental health problems as compared to the Dutch host population, with the exception of Ghanaians in the case of depressive symptoms, and African Surinamese workers with regard to both outcomes. The Turkish group stands out with the lowest mental health on both mental health indices, followed by Moroccan and South-Asian Surinamese workers. A lack of recovery opportunities mediated the relationship between ethnic group and a higher risk of mental health problems. Perceived work stress did not contribute to the explanation of ethnic inequalities. The higher risk of mental health problems in ethnic minority groups can be partly accounted for by a lack of recovery opportunities at work, but not by perceived work stress. This may imply that workplace prevention targeting recovery opportunities have the potential to reduce ethnic inequalities, but ethnic-specific experiences at the workplace need to be further explored. | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2280408067 | The globalization of clinical research is a relatively recent phenomenon, in which many of these studies are taking place on a global scale, with a significant increase of clinical trials in developing countries. The largest clinical trials average annual growth from 2005–2012 occurred in Asian (30%), and Latin American/Caribbean (12%) regions; other geographic regions had growth rates less than the world average (8%). The largest average annual growth occurred in lower-middle income (33%) and low-income (21%) regions. Emerging economies from low-middle income countries (Iran, China, Egypt) had the largest country-specific growth; other countries included South Korea, Japan, India, Brazil, and Turkey. With the globalization of clinical trials, it becomes necessary to strengthen legal and ethical guidelines for guaranteeing the research participants’ integrity. Some observers noted, more than a decade ago, that studies were being run in developing countries without concerns regarding adherence to the international ethical principles. The process of globalization of clinical trials, therefore, can be advantageous because, for example, it gives to access to new treatments to participants; however, it requires discussion and the monitoring of ethical questions related mainly to ensuring the integrity, welfare and safety of the research participant; to the frames of reference of bioethics, such as autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice and fairness. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2726132594 | Clustering patient mobility patterns to assess effectiveness of health-service delivery | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2726132594 | Analysis of patient mobility in a country not only gives an idea of how the health-care system works, but also can be a guideline to determine the quality of health care and health disparity among regions. Even though determination of patient movement is important, it is not often realized that patient mobility could have a unique pattern beyond health-related endowments (e.g., facilities, medical staff). This study therefore addresses the following research question: Is there a way to identify regions with similar patterns using spatio-temporal distribution of patient mobility? The aim of the paper is to answer this question and improve a classification method that is useful for populous countries like Turkey that have many administrative areas. The data used in the study consist of spatio-temporal information on patient mobility for the period between 2009 and 2013. Patient mobility patterns based on the number of patients attracted/escaping across 81 provinces of Turkey are illustrated graphically. The hierarchical clustering method is used to group provinces in terms of the mobility characteristics revealed by the patterns. Clustered groups of provinces are analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests to identify potential correlations between clustered groups and the selected basic health indicators. Ineffective health-care delivery in certain regions of Turkey was determined through identifying patient mobility patterns. High escape values obtained for a large number of provinces suggest poor health-care accessibility. On the other hand, over the period of time studied, visualization of temporal mobility revealed a considerable decrease in the escape ratio for inadequately equipped provinces. Among four of twelve clusters created using the hierarchical clustering method, which include 64 of 81 Turkish provinces, there was a statistically significant relationship between the patterns and the selected basic health indicators of the clusters. The remaining eight clusters included 17 provinces and showed anomalies. The most important contribution of this study is the development of a way to identify patient mobility patterns by analyzing patient movements across the clusters. These results are strong evidence that patient mobility patterns provide a useful tool for decisions concerning the distribution of health-care services and the provision of health care equipment to the provinces. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2026652653 | Turkey wins plaudits for tobacco control | [
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"Turkey",
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026652653 | Ahead of World No Tobacco Day on May 31, Sharmila Devi reports from Istanbul on Turkey's progress with tobacco control, which has been gaining international recognition.“Smoking like a Turk” was a common expression in several European languages during the past century but now Turkey is receiving international plaudits for its efforts to stamp out the country's traditional and deeply rooted consumption of tobacco.One in three Turks, or about 31% of the population, smoked in 2008, when Turkey became the third country to introduce a widespread smoking ban after Ireland and the UK, Nazmi Bilir, a professor of public health at Ankara's Hacettepe University, told The Lancet. “Smoking has been a traditional, male behaviour in Turkey so it's not been easy”, Bilir said. “But my feeling is that Turkey will become truly smoke-free.”Hopes are high that the next Turkish survey of smoking consumption, to be released in the autumn, will show that up to 2 million Turks have quit since 2008, bringing the rate down to around 25%, he said. For comparison, around 20% of people smoke in the UK and in the USA.“If someone told me 5 or 10 years ago that Turkey would be a smoke-free country, I'd have thought they were making a joke”, said Toker Erguder, manager of WHO's Tobacco Control/Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use programme in Turkey.Turkey ranked fourth, after the UK, Ireland, and Norway, in the European Tobacco Control Scale published by the Association of European Cancer Leagues last year. “I believe Turkey will one day be a tobacco-free country. I can't say in how many months from now that will happen but we're going in a good direction”, said Erguder.Turkey was one of several countries to be given a Bloomberg Award for Global Tobacco Control earlier this year. The Turkish National Coalition on Tobacco or Health (SSUK)—a coalition of more than 40 Turkish organisations that focus on tobacco—was recognised for its advocacy to ensure that the country's laws were strong and comprehensive and for its monitoring of these laws.The Bloomberg awards are given to low-income and middle-income countries where 80% of tobacco-related deaths occur and the other countries to receive awards this year were Colombia, Egypt, Philippines, and Uruguay. The Bloomberg charitable foundation is also committing US$220 million over the next 4 years to fight tobacco use globally.Turkey's recent success is all the more remarkable given the historical importance of tobacco production to the economy and the one-time world-wide popularity of Turkish or “oriental” tobacco.Tobacco has been produced in Anatolia for 400 years and been a substantial revenue item for more than a century. “Control of the cultivation of and market in tobacco has always meant control of the country. Thus tobacco has been a symbol reflecting recent political history”, said a WHO report co-authored by Bilir.Tobacco was banned by Sultan Osman the Young for a short period during the 17th century, notes the report, but the crop was too important a source of revenue to the Ottoman empire.While Turkey's Government, led by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan since 2003, has been criticised by human rights groups as authoritarian, political stability is cited by antitobacco campaigners as an important component of reduced tobacco use. “We've had the same prime minister and health minister for the last 9 years so political stability and having the same key people in government and parliament has worked in our favour”, said Bilir.Turkish tobacco control measures include a ban on smoking in all indoor areas, raising cigarette prices, a full advertising ban, antismoking media campaigns, warnings on tobacco packaging, and increased access to cessation products and treatments.“4 years have passed since the [antismoking law] came into effect and it has yielded positive results during this time”, Elif Dagli, chairwoman of the SSUK, said earlier this year. “The smoking rate has decreased by 15% and the number of people being admitted to hospitals for treatment for smoking-related diseases has decreased by roughly 20% in Turkey.”Campaigners would like to see a further tightening of the law to hide the display of tobacco in shops as well as increased inspections of public spaces. In the business and tourist hub of Istanbul, for example, breaches of the smoking ban are more common, particularly in establishments serving alcohol, said Bilir.He would also like to see greater scrutiny of the tobacco industry. Although he said Turkish tobacco production had fallen from 4·0% of global production to 1·7% in the past 20 years, the industry still commanded power and close ties with the government. Ahead of World No Tobacco Day on May 31, Sharmila Devi reports from Istanbul on Turkey's progress with tobacco control, which has been gaining international recognition. “Smoking like a Turk” was a common expression in several European languages during the past century but now Turkey is receiving international plaudits for its efforts to stamp out the country's traditional and deeply rooted consumption of tobacco. One in three Turks, or about 31% of the population, smoked in 2008, when Turkey became the third country to introduce a widespread smoking ban after Ireland and the UK, Nazmi Bilir, a professor of public health at Ankara's Hacettepe University, told The Lancet. “Smoking has been a traditional, male behaviour in Turkey so it's not been easy”, Bilir said. “But my feeling is that Turkey will become truly smoke-free.” Hopes are high that the next Turkish survey of smoking consumption, to be released in the autumn, will show that up to 2 million Turks have quit since 2008, bringing the rate down to around 25%, he said. For comparison, around 20% of people smoke in the UK and in the USA. “If someone told me 5 or 10 years ago that Turkey would be a smoke-free country, I'd have thought they were making a joke”, said Toker Erguder, manager of WHO's Tobacco Control/Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use programme in Turkey. Turkey ranked fourth, after the UK, Ireland, and Norway, in the European Tobacco Control Scale published by the Association of European Cancer Leagues last year. “I believe Turkey will one day be a tobacco-free country. I can't say in how many months from now that will happen but we're going in a good direction”, said Erguder. Turkey was one of several countries to be given a Bloomberg Award for Global Tobacco Control earlier this year. The Turkish National Coalition on Tobacco or Health (SSUK)—a coalition of more than 40 Turkish organisations that focus on tobacco—was recognised for its advocacy to ensure that the country's laws were strong and comprehensive and for its monitoring of these laws. The Bloomberg awards are given to low-income and middle-income countries where 80% of tobacco-related deaths occur and the other countries to receive awards this year were Colombia, Egypt, Philippines, and Uruguay. The Bloomberg charitable foundation is also committing US$220 million over the next 4 years to fight tobacco use globally. Turkey's recent success is all the more remarkable given the historical importance of tobacco production to the economy and the one-time world-wide popularity of Turkish or “oriental” tobacco. Tobacco has been produced in Anatolia for 400 years and been a substantial revenue item for more than a century. “Control of the cultivation of and market in tobacco has always meant control of the country. Thus tobacco has been a symbol reflecting recent political history”, said a WHO report co-authored by Bilir. Tobacco was banned by Sultan Osman the Young for a short period during the 17th century, notes the report, but the crop was too important a source of revenue to the Ottoman empire. While Turkey's Government, led by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan since 2003, has been criticised by human rights groups as authoritarian, political stability is cited by antitobacco campaigners as an important component of reduced tobacco use. “We've had the same prime minister and health minister for the last 9 years so political stability and having the same key people in government and parliament has worked in our favour”, said Bilir. Turkish tobacco control measures include a ban on smoking in all indoor areas, raising cigarette prices, a full advertising ban, antismoking media campaigns, warnings on tobacco packaging, and increased access to cessation products and treatments. “4 years have passed since the [antismoking law] came into effect and it has yielded positive results during this time”, Elif Dagli, chairwoman of the SSUK, said earlier this year. “The smoking rate has decreased by 15% and the number of people being admitted to hospitals for treatment for smoking-related diseases has decreased by roughly 20% in Turkey.” Campaigners would like to see a further tightening of the law to hide the display of tobacco in shops as well as increased inspections of public spaces. In the business and tourist hub of Istanbul, for example, breaches of the smoking ban are more common, particularly in establishments serving alcohol, said Bilir. He would also like to see greater scrutiny of the tobacco industry. Although he said Turkish tobacco production had fallen from 4·0% of global production to 1·7% in the past 20 years, the industry still commanded power and close ties with the government. Tobacco industry versus tobacco controlMay 31 is World No Tobacco Day. This year's theme is tobacco industry interference, chosen, in WHO's words, “to expose and counter the tobacco industry's brazen and increasingly aggressive attempts to undermine the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC)”. Full-Text PDF | [
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https://openalex.org/W2006892919 | Undergraduate Training in Occupational Health at Kocaeli University Medical School: A Turkish Experience | [
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"display_name": "Çiğdem Çağlayan",
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{
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"display_name": "Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan",
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{
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"display_name": "Nilay Etiler",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C160735492"
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{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474"
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{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671"
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{
"display_name": "Health education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113807197"
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{
"display_name": "Occupational medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778421134"
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{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
"display_name": "Public health",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Pathology",
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{
"display_name": "Law",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"Turkey"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1965651219",
"https://openalex.org/W1966671598",
"https://openalex.org/W1987408467",
"https://openalex.org/W2002660822",
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"https://openalex.org/W2020788208",
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"https://openalex.org/W2064093575",
"https://openalex.org/W2091912582"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006892919 | Processes and conditions of production may produce unhealthy effects. Both must therefore be included in the education of health care personnel. Vocational training in occupational health at Kocaeli University Medical School, Turkey aims to demonstrate students that occupational health is a specific and important area of work within the context of primary health care. This research is a cross-sectional study. It was planned as a three stage study: 1- reviewing literature and grouping of countries according to their occupational health curricula; 2- reviewing the occupational health programs of medical schools in Turkey, and 3- recommendations for an occupational health curriculum to include an occupational health vocational training period of one week in the two month public health education program for medical interns. During this experience, senior students would be assigned to workplace health units. Of 283 medical schools found on the web, with occupational health teaching, only 20 have a curriculum that includes training in workplace health care units. In Turkey, there is no structured practical education on occupational health. In the third part of this study, we initiated at Kocaeli University School of Medicine's curriculum, a new occupational health education model applied in the workplace health units of factories. Practical experience of occupational health in the workplace is useful in introducing the community-based approach to occupational health in undergraduate medical education and understanding the determinants of health in industry. | [
{
"display_name": "Industrial Health",
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{
"display_name": "PubMed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2156027466 | Health Beliefs Concerning Breast Self-examination of Nurses in Turkey | [
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"display_name": "Turkish Armed Forces",
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"display_name": "Sevinç Taştan",
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"display_name": "Emine İyigün",
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"display_name": "Ayşe Kılıç",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060165558"
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{
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{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Turkish Armed Forces",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2799953620",
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"display_name": "Vesile Ünver",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026598011"
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{
"display_name": "Breast self-examination",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776932478"
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{
"display_name": "Breast cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C530470458"
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{
"display_name": "Logistic regression",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151956035"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
"display_name": "Test (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777267654"
},
{
"display_name": "Descriptive statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39896193"
},
{
"display_name": "Health belief model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1602351"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662"
},
{
"display_name": "Cross-sectional study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142052008"
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{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
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{
"display_name": "Health education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113807197"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353"
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{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
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{
"display_name": "Paleontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666"
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{
"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271"
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{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] | [
"Turkey"
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"https://openalex.org/W2169571516",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2156027466 | PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the health beliefs regarding breast self-examination (BSE) and their relationship with age, educational status and history of breast cancer in the family among nurses working in a university hospital.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 381 nurses at a military university hospital in Ankara in Turkey. Data were collected by using a personal data form and the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis Test were conducted.ResultsThe proportion of nurses reported doing BSE regularly is 47.2%. Controlling variables such as age, body mass index, the age at first birth, breast cancer in the family history and educational background, we found that the subscales of the health belief model, BSE benefit (OR = 0.782), self-efficacy (OR = 0.919), and risk perception (OR = 0.114) have statistically significant effects on the risk of not making BSE.ConclusionIt is important to be aware of the health beliefs of nurses regarding BSE so that their own health can be protected and improved. Beneficial attitudes and behaviors of nurses regarding BSE will enable them to provide more effective services to women regarding breast cancer. Understanding the nurses’ health beliefs, attitude and behavior that are influential to make BSE will guide nursing practices towards early diagnosis of breast cancer at the societal level. | [
{
"display_name": "Asian Nursing Research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S164414985",
"type": "journal"
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{
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"type": "repository"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3098366867 | Heterogeneity in social and epidemiological factors determines the risk of measles outbreaks | [
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"display_name": "Stefano Merler",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C107130276"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C159047783"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
"display_name": "Vaccination",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22070199"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
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"Turkey",
"Syria"
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3098366867 | Significance The recent increase in large-scale migration trends generates several concerns about public health in destination countries, especially in the presence of massive incoming human flows from countries with a disrupted healthcare system. Here, we analyze the flow of 3.5 M Syrian refugees toward Turkey to quantify the risk of measles outbreaks. Our results suggest that heterogeneity in immunity, population distribution, and human-mobility flows is mostly responsible for such a risk: In fact, adequate policies of social integration and vaccine campaigns provide the most effective strategies to reduce measles disease risks for both migrant and hosting populations. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2156428352 | Low level of alcohol drinking among two generations of non-Western immigrants in Oslo: a multi-ethnic comparison | [
{
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2156428352 | Alcohol drinking is a risk factor for harm and disease. A low level of drinking among non-Western immigrants may lead to less alcohol-related harm and disease. The first aim of this study was to describe frequency of drinking in two generations of immigrants in Oslo, contrasting the result to drinking frequency among ethnic Norwegians. The second aim was to study how frequency of drinking among adult immigrants was associated with social interaction with their own countrymen and ethnic Norwegians, acculturation, age, gender, socioeconomic factors and the Muslim faith.The Oslo Health Study (HUBRO) was conducted during the period 2000 to 2002 and consisted of three separate surveys: a youth study (15-16-year-olds, a total of 7343 respondents, response rate 88.3%); adult cohorts from 30 to 75 years old (18,770 respondents, response rate 46%); the five largest immigrant groups in Oslo (aged 20-60 years, a total of 3019 respondents, response rate 39.7%). Based on these three surveys, studies of frequency of drinking in the previous year (four categories) were conducted among 15-16-year-olds and their parents' generation, 30-60-year-old Iranians, Pakistanis, Turks and ethnic Norwegians. A structural equation model with drinking frequency as outcome was established for the adult immigrants.Adults and youth of ethnic Norwegian background reported more frequent alcohol use than immigrants with backgrounds from Iran, Turkey and Pakistan. Iranians reported a higher drinking frequency than Turks and Pakistanis. In the structural equation model high drinking frequency was associated with high host culture competence and social interaction, while high own culture competence was associated with low drinking frequency. Adult first-generation immigrants with a longer stay in Norway, those of a higher age, and females drank alcohol less frequently, while those with a higher level of education and work participation drank more frequently. Muslim immigrants reported a significantly lower drinking frequency than non-Muslims, although this did not apply to Iranians.The existence and growth in Western societies of immigrant groups with low-level alcohol consumption contributed to a lower level of consumption at the population level. This may imply reduced drinking and alcohol-related harm and disease even among ethnic Norwegians. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2123343877 | Determining the Factors that Affect Breast Cancer and Self Breast Examination Beliefs of Turkish Nurses in Academia | [
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https://openalex.org/W3035703765 | A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3035703765 | Viral hepatitis B is a global public health problem affecting nearly two billion subjects; 3.3% of whom are from the WHO (World Health Organization) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO). It induces both acute and chronic hepatic disorders with subsequent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a considerable percentage of patients based on the age of exposure. In this review, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC prevalence, distribution and prevalence of different genotypes, and male/female infection frequencies in relation to the vaccination status in the Mediterranean countries were reported. Study Design . This systematic review describes the prevalence of hepatitis B infection, genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus, and prevalence and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Mediterranean countries belonging to three different continents: Southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, and Greece), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt), and the Near East region (Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, and Palestine). We tried to collect new data from electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and public health reports between 1980 and 2019. For each publication, we recorded reference, publication year, study characteristics (date, locations, sample size, and study population), and participant characteristics (population group, year, age, and sex). No language limitation was imposed, and articles or reports from non-peer-reviewed sources were not considered for this analysis. The main keywords were HBV prevalence, hepatitis B infection, HBV genotype, and HCC. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria . Healthy population-based studies included the following sample populations: (i) voluntary blood donors, (ii) pregnant women, (iii) community studies, (iv) hemodialysis patients, (v) hospitalized patients, (vi) healthcare workers, (vii) sex workers, (viii) drug abusers, and (ix) prisoners. We excluded studies from the following special groups who were assumed to be at a special high risk: patients from sexually transmitted disease clinics and thalassemia clinics and professional or paid blood donors. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2258744864 | Tobacco addiction and smoking cessation in Austrian migrants: a cross-sectional study | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2258744864 | Recent observations revealed substantial differences in smoking behaviour according to individuals' migration background. However, smoking cessation strategies are rarely tailored on the basis of a migration background. We aimed to determine whether smoking behaviour and preferences for smoking cessation programmes differ between Austrian migrant smokers and Austrian smokers without a migration background.Cross-sectional study.Recruitment and interview were performed at public places in Vienna, Austria.The 420 smokers included: 140 Bosnian, 140 Turkish migrant smokers of the first or second generation, as well as 140 Austrian smokers without a migration background.We cross-sectionally assessed determinants of smoking behaviour and smoking cessation of every participant with a standardised questionnaire.The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.Determinants of smoking behaviour, willingness to quit smoking and smoking cessation.Nicotine addiction expressed via the Fagerström score was significantly higher in smokers with a migration background versus those without (Bosnian migrant smokers 4.7 ± 2.5, Turkish migrant smokers 4.0 ± 2.0, Austrian smokers without a migration background 3.4 ± 2.3, p<0.0001). Bosnian and Turkish migrant smokers described a greater willingness to quit, but have had more previous cessation trials than Austrian smokers without a migration background, indicating an increased demand for cessation strategies in these study groups. They also participated in counselling programmes less often than Austrian smokers without a migration background. Finally, we found significant differences in preferences regarding smoking cessation programmes (ie, preferred location, service offered in another language besides German, and group rather than single counselling).We found significant differences in addictive behaviour and cessation patterns between smokers with and without a migration background. Our results indicate a strong demand for adjusting cessation programmes to the cultural background. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3135909629 | Taming the pandemic? The importance of homemade plant-based foods and beverages as community responses to COVID-19 | [
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"display_name": "Renata Sõukand",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"Turkey"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2952492081",
"https://openalex.org/W3027352019",
"https://openalex.org/W3028981427",
"https://openalex.org/W3048978893",
"https://openalex.org/W3082359576",
"https://openalex.org/W3088361581"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3135909629 | Abstract Household responses to COVID-19 in different corners of the world represent the primary health care that communities have relied on for preventing and mitigating symptoms. During a very complex and confusing time, in which public health services in multiple countries have been completely overwhelmed, and in some cases even collapsed, these first-line household responses have been quintessential for building physical, mental, and social resilience, and for improving individual and community health. This editorial discusses the outcomes of a rapid-response preliminary survey during the first phase of the pandemic among social and community contacts in five metropolises heavily affected by the COVID-19 health crisis (Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York, and Rio de Janeiro), and in twelve rural areas or countries initially less affected by the pandemic (Appalachia, Jamaica, Bolivia, Romania, Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Georgia, Turkey, Pakistan, Cambodia, and South Africa). We summarized our perspectives as 17 case studies, observing that people have relied primarily on teas and spices (“food-medicines”) and that there exist clear international plant favorites, popularized by various new media. Urban diasporas and rural households seem to have repurposed homemade plant-based remedies that they use in normal times for treating the flu and other respiratory symptoms or that they simply consider healthy foods. The most remarkable shift in many areas has been the increased consumption of ginger and garlic, followed by onion, turmeric, and lemon. Our preliminary inventory of food medicines serves as a baseline for future systematic ethnobotanical studies and aims to inspire in-depth research on how use patterns of plant-based foods and beverages, both “traditional” and “new”, are changing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our reflections in this editorial call attention to the importance of ethnobiology, ethnomedicine, and ethnogastronomy research into domestic health care strategies for improving community health. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2069204335 | What is the birth defect risk associated with consanguineous marriages? | [
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"display_name": "Joël Zlotogora",
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{
"display_name": "Gene",
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] | [
"Turkey",
"Israel"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1993509872",
"https://openalex.org/W2022328879",
"https://openalex.org/W2126445148"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069204335 | American Journal of Medical GeneticsVolume 109, Issue 1 p. 70-71 Research Letter What is the birth defect risk associated with consanguineous marriages? Joël Zlotogora, Corresponding Author Joël Zlotogora [email protected] Department of Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, IsraelDepartment of Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Building 19/A, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.Search for more papers by this author Joël Zlotogora, Corresponding Author Joël Zlotogora [email protected] Department of Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, IsraelDepartment of Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Building 19/A, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.Search for more papers by this author First published: 27 February 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10311Citations: 30Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Baird PA. 1999. Prenatal screening and the reduction of birth defects in populations. Community Genet 2: 9– 17. Demirel S, Katlanoglu N, Acar A, Bodur S, Paydak F. 1997. The frequency of consanguinity in Konya, Turkey and its medical effects. Genetic Couns 8: 295– 301. Jaber L, Merlob P, Bu X, Rotter JI, Shohat M. 1992. Marked parental consanguinity as a cause for increased major malformations in an Israeli Arab community. Am J Med Genet 44: 1– 6. Stoltenberg C, Magnus P, Lie RT, Daltveit AK, Irgens LM. 1997. Birth defects and parental consanguinity in Norway. Am J Epidemiol 145: 439– 448. Citing Literature Volume109, Issue115 April 2002Pages 70-71 ReferencesRelatedInformation | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2790723167 | Determination of the Factors Affecting The Social And Academic Adjustment of International Students Studying At a Public University | [
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"display_name": "Yasemin Aydın Kartal",
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{
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"display_name": "Saadet Yazıcı",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076560085"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145420912"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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{
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{
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] | [
"Turkey",
"Somalia"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1969792408",
"https://openalex.org/W2095161379",
"https://openalex.org/W2329739429"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2790723167 | Objective: This study was aimed to determination of the factors affecting the social and academic adjustment of international students studying at a public university.Materials and Methods: The study was planned by descriptive and analytical survey method between 25 January and 20 May 2017. The population of the study was composed of 77 international students studying in the first class of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Vocational School of a public university. No sample selection was made in the study and 69 students who agreed to participate in the study constituted the sample of the study (Participation Rate: 89.6%). The data were collected with the "Personal Information Form" and the "Adjustment to University Scale". Results: The average age of the participants was 20.78 ± 2.07 and 72.5% of the students were female. Most of the students were 53.6% Somalia and 10.1% Turkmenistan, and 73.9% were living in Turkey for more than 3 years. The mean score of the students' adjustment scale to the university was 94.52 ± 13.36, while the social adjustment was 80.59 ± 11.85 and the academic adjustment score was 13.92 ± 2.97. However, it was determined that the students had the most language problems and economic problems. While it was determined that academic adjustment was significantly higher in male students, it was determined that those who know Turkish in advance and stay with family had higher adjustment and social adjustment to the university. It was also found that who Turkish educated higher adjustment to the university and the economic situation significantly affected adjustment to the university. Conclusion: It was determined that the level of adjustment of the students to the university was high and that variables such as gender, staying place, economic situation and knowledge of Turkish language were important predictors of academic and social adjustment. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2070104864 | Social and cultural factors underlying generational differences in overweight: a cross-sectional study among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070104864 | The prevalence of overweight appears to vary in people of first and second generation ethnic minority groups. Insight into the factors that underlie these weight differences might help in understanding the health transition that is taking place across generations following migration. We studied the role of social and cultural factors associated with generational differences in overweight among young Turkish and Moroccan men and women in the Netherlands. Cross-sectional data were derived from the LASER-study in which information on health-related behaviour and socio-demographic factors, level of education, occupational status, acculturation (cultural orientation and social contacts), religious and migration-related factors was gathered among Turkish and Moroccan men (n = 334) and women (n = 339) aged 15-30 years. Participants were interviewed during a home visit. Overweight was defined as a Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Using logistic regression analyses, we tested whether the measured social and cultural factors could explain differences in overweight between first and second generation ethnic groups. Second generation women were less often overweight than first generation women (21.8% and 45.0% respectively), but this association was no longer significant when adjusting for the socioeconomic position (i.e. higher level of education) of second generation women (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95%, Confidence Interval (CI) 0.40-1.46). In men, we observed a reversed pattern: second generation men were more often overweight than first generation men (32.7% and 27.8%). This association (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.09-3.24) could not be explained by the social and cultural factors because none of these factors were associated with overweight among men. The higher socio-economic position of second generation Turkish and Moroccan women may partly account for the lower prevalence of overweight in this group compared to first generation women. Further research is necessary to elucidate whether any postulated socio-biological or other processes are relevant to the opposite pattern of overweight among men. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3189203593 | Qualitative examination of the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey regarding COVID‐19 vaccines | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3189203593 | The attitudes of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 vaccines ensure that health services are able to run without interruption and potentially have a role in the messaging about vaccination that they convey to the public. Hence, healthcare workers' attitudes ultimately have a significant role in controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to qualitatively investigate the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey in relation to COVID-19 vaccines.The study used the phenomenological approach. The sample consisted of 36 healthcare workers who were employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected online using focus group interviews. A total of four focus group interviews were conducted.Following analysis of the data, the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey toward the COVID-19 vaccine were divided into three themes: "influencing factors," "priority group" and "trust."Vaccination was found to create negative emotions among some of the healthcare workers. Their opinions about the COVID-19 vaccines were affected by the negative emotions and burnout they experienced during the pandemic. In addition, they saw the vaccination process as impacted by contraindications and uncertainty about the duration of the protection, the balance of the benefits and harm of the vaccines, and by vaccine myths and prejudices about the country where the vaccine was developed. Healthcare professionals expressed the need for trust to be established in the whole vaccination process. They suggested that different vaccine options should be offered, that the appointment and process notification system for vaccination should be improved, that evidence-based information about vaccines should be provided and that a safe environment should be created.Vaccine hesitancy can be addressed by careful attention to the application of vaccination programs, correct and effective use of social media, transparent, and precise management of political processes, and the provision of evidence-based information about the vaccines. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2145022999 | Initial UK public reaction to avian influenza: Analysis of opinions posted on the BBC website | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2145022999 | In February 2007, avian influenza arrived in the UK. Following evidence of illness at a turkey farm in Suffolk, around 160,000 birds were slaughtered and poultry movement controls were imposed. Given past food crises (e.g. BSE), it was clearly important to predict UK public response: for example, was mass panic imminent, or would the public respond calmly? Unfortunately, there is currently no theory that enables accurate prediction of public response to novel hazards or to novel manifestations of old hazards (Hawkes and Rowe in press Hawkes, G. and Rowe, G. in press. A structured review of qualitative research on the nature of perceived risk: Trends and omissions. Journal of risk research, [Google Scholar]). Furthermore, the speed of the outbreak, and the lack of academic preparedness, undermined social scientists' ability to acquire significant timely data on public perceptions in order to aid theory development or inform policy making. Analysis of initial public opinion is, however, possible, thanks to the recording of responses to open questions about this incident posted on the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) website. In this paper we: (a) justify the relevance and importance of this data, irrespective of deficiencies in its ‘representativeness’; (b) provide a content analysis of the more than 3,000 responses, and; (c) summarize initial opinion. Results suggest that ‘the public's’ initial response largely comprised discontent in how government was managing matters and concern about current farming practices. Indeed, for many, past food scares served as a reference point for understanding the present crisis, providing lessons on issues such as industry greed and governmental/scientific incompetence and misinformation. It is, however, important to recognize that there are data limitations, which need validation through more controlled research processes. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2021553584 | Distance learning as an effective tool for medical interpreting training in Turkey | [
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https://openalex.org/W2898788331 | The perspectives of politicians on tobacco control in Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2898788331 | Tobacco use is a leading but preventable cause of non-communicable diseases and premature death. The legislature has a key role in setting tobacco control policies. Smoking trends are decreasing thanks to the introduction of effective tobacco control policies in Turkey and these policies may have been shaped by how politicians’ interpreted social problems that were prominent during the development and implementation of tobacco regulations. This paper explores the long-term national relationship between tobacco consumption, tobacco control policies and the associated political discourse in Turkey, considering the varying influences through national leadership on this important public health agenda. This relationship is studied by comparing a time series analysis of tobacco consumption trends with a policy analysis of the minutes of deliberations at the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNAT). This study uses Bayesian time series analysis in order investigate whether the tobacco control policies and related activities influenced the annual per adult cigarette consumption in Turkey. We used a novel method to identify change points in tobacco trends and whether they correspond with key policy changes intended to alter usage after adjusting for the effect of other non-policy related covariates, such as the purchasing power. The policy analysis included an examination of the minutes of deliberations at the GNAT—which is the Turkish parliament and unicameral Turkish legislature—1 year before and 1 year after the break years associated with an increase or decrease in tobacco consumption. Tobacco consumption increased with the encouragement of tobacco production and the entrance of multinational companies in the country in 1976 and 1993, respectively. The National Tobacco Law of 1996 and comprehensive amendments in 2008, including smoke-free public places and tax increases, appear to have helped reduce tobacco consumption in Turkey. The focus of Parliamentary discussions throughout this period changed, becoming less supportive of tobacco over time. However, throughout the period there remained discussions focussing on concerns around the implications for the economy and the privatization agenda, national agriculture and the welfare of farmers. Effective control appears to require certain political ingredients to be implemented: politicians who are well informed on tobacco control measures and understand the range of issues surrounding the policies (not only those directly health-related); and supportive public health information in the community. Evidence-based public health policy should be introduced to the politicians. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2107613497 | Perceptions of Elder Abuse, Neglect and Attitudes toward Ageism: Volunteers Public Non-Health Staff and Tradesmen in Manisa/Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107613497 | The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes towards ageism, perceptions of elder abuse and neglect in working and profession groups which have potential sources of help and support for elders. This is a descriptive and a cross sectional study that was carried out between January and May 2012 in Manisa/Turkey. With working and profession groups face to face interviews were conducted with volunteers from: the police; the imam/hodja; the constabulary; and the tradesmen. The total numbers of participants were 339 from Center of Manisa/Turkey and fieldwork took place. Participants believe that elderly abuse and neglect is a social problem and they have professional and individual responsibilities to prevent it. The mean (± SD) of the Ageism Attitude Scale score was 71.4 ± 9.7 and their attitudes toward senility and ageism were positive. Results of this study, volunteer public non-health staff and tradesmen have a quite sensitive about elderly abuse and neglect and, a positive attitude toward senility and elderly. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2409056005 | [Influenza surveillance results in 2007-2008 winter season in nine provinces of Turkey]. | [
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"https://openalex.org/W1975478822",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2409056005 | Influenza virus infections constitute a serious public health problem owing to their epidemic and pandemic potential. Turkish Ministry of Health established the national influenza surveillance programme in two institutes to detect the virus types leading to the illness and the efficiency of the seasonal vaccine. Influenza surveillance is performed by Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, National Influenza Laboratory in nine provinces (which are located at central, northeast, south and east parts of Turkey) and by Istanbul University, Medical Faculty, Virology Laboratory in five provinces (which are located at west and northwest parts of Turkey). These two centers are the members of international information networks. The surveillance was aimed to contribute to the detection of influenza viruses with pandemic potential and also to determine the predominant strain circulating in Turkey. During November 2007-May 2008 period a total of 1157 clinical specimens collected from 90 health centers which were the representatives of nine provinces (Ankara, Samsun, Trabzon, Erzurum, Adana, Konya, Diyarbakir, Malatya and Van) were investigated for the presence of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses (Parainfluenza virus types 1-3, Respiratory Synctial Virus and Adenovirus). Samples were identified and subtyped by both molecular (real-time PCR) and cell culture techniques (MDCK and Hep-2). Influenza virus and at least one of the other respiratory viruses were detected in 321 (27.7%) and two different viruses in 16 of the specimens (total= 337). When all the specimens were considered, the most frequently identified virus was influenza A (n=188, 16.2%), H1N1 being 6.3% and H3N2 9.9%.The rate of identification for influenza B was 7.6% (n=88), for parainfluenza was 2.3% (n=27), for adenovirus was 2% (n=24) and for RSV was 0.9% (n=10). When only the positive specimens (n=337) were evaluated, influenza A was again the most frequently (55.7%) encountered virus, H1N1 being 38.8% and H3N2 61.2% of all. Influenza B was in the second rank with 26.1% frequency among the positive specimens. The results showed that influenza activity started around November and ended around May. When the distribution of influenza viruses were analysed according to months, Influenza A H1N1 predominated in January, influenza A H3N2 in December and February. influenza B viruses started to increase in February, and were also detected in May. The 2007-2008 influenza season in Turkey was characterized by moderate clinical activity, and a predominance of influenza A H3N2. These results indicate good match between the vaccine virus strains and the reported virus strains. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2011165841 | First-year results of the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network: 2012–2013 Northern hemisphere influenza season | [
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https://openalex.org/W4212886436 | Secondhand smoke exposure for different education levels: findings from a large, nationally representative survey in Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4212886436 | Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence individuals’ exposure to tobacco smoke in Turkey according to their education level. Design Secondary data analysis. Participants Altogether, 17 084 individuals aged 15 and over were included in this study. Settings Data set of the Turkey Health Survey in 2019. Methods Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with individuals’ exposure to tobacco smoke. Primary and secondary outcome measures The variables age, gender, marital status, general health status, employment status, receipt of psychosocial support and tobacco use were found to be correlated with exposure to tobacco smoke. Results The study determined that individuals who are illiterate/unschooled were exposed to tobacco smoke at a rate of 32.61%, primary school graduates at a rate of 34.32%, primary education graduates at a rate of 41.75%, high school graduates at a rate of 41.04% and university graduates at a rate of 40.34%. Conclusion As a result of the study, it is emphasised that men, young individuals, individuals with moderate and very good general health status, those who use tobacco, those who are unemployed and those who receive psychosocial support should be targeted. In addition, appropriate strategies for reducing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure should be developed, taking into account public health strategies for increasing awareness of the adverse health effects of SHS exposure and the determinants of tobacco exposure according to the study. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2137015820 | Public awareness of and support for smoke-free legislation in Turkey: a national survey using the lot quality sampling technique | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2137015820 | Six months after new legislation in Turkey banning smoking in all public places, a national survey was carried out to assess its implementation. This paper summarizes the main findings on the public's awareness of and support for the new law. In a household interview survey of 32 972 adults representative of the Turkish adult population, a high proportion of both non-smokers and current smokers (91.4% and 67.2% respectively) strongly supported the new law. Knowledge about the health hazards of passive smoking and support for the law, however, were relatively lower among smokers than non-smokers. After controlling for smoking status, people with better knowledge about passive smoking were over 5 times more likely to support the new law. Tobacco control activities should be tailored to local needs, with afocus on increasing awareness about the health hazards of passive smoking. The study also demonstrated application of the lot quality sampling technique (LQT) for monitoring tobacco control activities in a national survey. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2515468225 | Effect of primary health care reforms in Turkey on health service utilization and user satisfaction | [
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"Turkey"
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"https://openalex.org/W2146258972",
"https://openalex.org/W2171273625",
"https://openalex.org/W2404008259"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2515468225 | Strengthening primary health care (PHC) is considered a priority for efficient and responsive health systems, but empirical evidence from low- and middle-income countries is limited. The stepwise introduction of family medicine across all 81 provinces of Turkey (a middle-income country) between 2005 and 2010, aimed at PHC strengthening, presents a natural experiment for assessing the effect of family medicine on health service utilization and user satisfaction.The effect of health system reforms, that introduced family medicine, on utilization was assessed using longitudinal, province-level data for 12 years and multivariate regression models adjusting for supply-side variables, demographics, socio-economic development and underlying yearly trends. User satisfaction with primary and secondary care services was explored using data from annual Life Satisfaction Surveys. Trends in preferred first point of contact (primary vs secondary, public vs. private), reason for choice and health services issues, were described and stratified by patient characteristics, provider type, and rural/urban settings.Between 2002 and 2013, the average number of PHC consultations increased from 1.75 to 2.83 per person per year. In multivariate models, family medicine introduction was associated with an increase of 0.37 PHC consultations per person (P < 0.001), and slower annual growth in PHC and secondary care consultations. Following family medicine introduction, the growth of PHC and secondary care consultations per person was 0.08 and 0.30, respectively, a year. PHC increased as preferred provider by 9.5% over 7 years with the reasons of proximity and service satisfaction, which increased by 14.9% and 11.8%, respectively. Reporting of poor facility hygiene, difficulty getting an appointment, poor physician behaviour and high costs of health care all declined (P < 0.001) in PHC settings, but remained higher among urban, low-income and working-age populations. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2156733205 | Food poisoning and salmonella infections in England and Wales, 1976–1978 | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2156733205 | During the three years 1976–8, 18,921 incidents of bacterial food poisoning and salmonella infection were reported to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. These incidents comprised at least 30,791 cases of illness, of which 23,052 (75%) were caused by salmonellas, 6542 (21%) by Clostridium perfringens and 892 (3%) by Staphylococcus aureus. More than 1000 additional cases were reported in food-borne outbreaks of other or unknown aetiology. The provisional total for 1979 was 11,881 cases, of which 9912 cases (83%) were of salmonella infection. In the 3 years under review, there were 656 general outbreaks, 179 (27%) of which were in hospitals, 147 (22%) associated with meals in cafés, restaurants or hotels and 109 (17%) in schools and other institutions. In addition, 1065 family outbreaks and 17,200 sporadic cases were reported. One hundred and thirty deaths were associated with food poisoning or salmonella infection, including two cases of Clostridium botulinum intoxication, the first to be recorded in England and Wales since 1955. In 422 outbreaks traced to a particular food 181 (43%) were associated with meat products and 176 (41%) with poultry; for the first time in these reports there were more outbreaks attributed to turkey (94) than to chicken (82). | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2164659695 | Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Data to Tobacco Control Policy in Turkey - 2003 and 2009 | [
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"display_name": "Veronica Lea",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
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"Turkey"
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"https://openalex.org/W1995637834",
"https://openalex.org/W2111529644",
"https://openalex.org/W2161621299"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2164659695 | Objective: The purpose of this paper is to use data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in Turkey in 2003 and 2009 to examine changes in tobacco use and important tobacco control measures. Methods: The GYTS were conducted in grades 7-9 in 2003 and 7-10 in 2009 in Turkey. Data in this paper are limited to 13 to 15 year old students. A total of 15,957 students from 202 schools participated in 2003 and 5,054 students from 69 schools participated in 2009. The overall response rate was 92.1% in 2003 and 87.5% in 2009. Results: Between 2003 and 2009 current cigarette smoking did not change significantly for either boys (9.4% to 10.2%) or girls (3.5% to 5.3%). Current cigarette smoking was higher among boys than girls in 2003 and in 2009. In 2009, half of students reported they had been exposed to second hand smoking (SHS) at home and 80% reported they had been exposed to SHS in public places. Three in ten students reported they had been exposed to pro-tobacco advertising in newspapers or magazines; one in ten had an object with a cigarette brand logo on it; and 7% had been offered free cigarettes by a cigarette company representative. Two-thirds of current cigarette smokers reported that they wanted to stop smoking; and almost two-thirds had been taught in school in the past year about the dangers of smoking. Conclusion: Passing and implementing the Law No. 4207 on Prevention of Hazards of Tobacco Products, ratifying the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), raising tax on tobacco, and requiring pictorial warning labels were important steps forward for tobacco control in Turkey. However, as to the tobacco control much work yet to be accomplished including developing an effective enforcement plan for all tobacco control efforts. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4243555185 | Public Health Consequences of Acute Displacement of Iraqi Citizens—March-May 1991 | [] | [
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"Turkey",
"Iran",
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4243555185 | In late March 1991, following military and civil strife in Iraq, approximately 400,000 ethnic Kurds and other Iraqi minority groups sought refuge in rugged mountains on the border of Iraq and Turkey; an additional estimated 1.3 million Iraqi refugees fled to Iran. In contrast to groups affected in other recent refugee emergencies, a large proportion of this displaced population comprised educated urban dwellers. This report describes the major public health consequences of this population displacement and international relief efforts directed toward these problems. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3162164145 | The Relationship Between Health Literacy Level and Media Used as a Source of Health-Related Information | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3162164145 | Previous studies have not shown the level of health literacy or associated factors on a national level in Turkey using a scale that has been adapted to the country and its culture.This study aimed to determine health literacy levels in Turkey and to investigate the association of health literacy with socioeconomic factors as well as with the instruments used as sources of health-related information.This cross-sectional, nationally representative study was conducted using a computer-assisted personal interview approach and included 6,228 households (response rate, 70.9%). The Turkey Health Literacy Scale was used to measure health literacy. Sources of health-related information, such as newspapers, television, internet, and smartphones, were included in the regression model for health literacy.The proportion of participants with inadequate and problematic health literacy was 30.9% and 38%, respectively, showing that approximately 7 of 10 participants had limited health literacy. The frequencies of inadequate and problematic health literacy were higher in the disease prevention and promotion domains (37.4% and 34.2%, respectively) compared with those in the health care domain (27.1% and 31.3%, respectively). The most frequently used medium as a source of health-related information was the internet (48.6%), followed by television (33%). In controlled models, higher health literacy scores were associated with higher education and income levels. The effects of television (β = 1,917), internet (β = 2,803), newspapers (β = 1,489), and smartphones (β = 1,974) as sources of health-related information were statistically significant in the general health literacy index model.Health literacy in Turkey reflects social inequalities. The model accounting for socioeconomic variables demonstrated the relevance of sources of health information to level of health literacy. These findings emphasize the importance of improving sources of health information to improve health literacy. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2021;5(2):e109-e117.] Plain Language Summary: This is a cross-sectional study that is representative of the population of Turkey. We reported that health literacy scores were higher for people in higher levels of socioeconomic status. We showed that using the television, internet, newspapers, and smartphones as a source of health-related information is associated with health literacy even when accounting for socioeconomic variables. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2023053416 | Tobacco use among institutionalized adolescents in Turkey: does social environment affect the risk? | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023053416 | The study aimed to estimate smoking prevalence and associated risk factors among Turkish adolescents residing in orphanages and to investigate whether "institutionalization" (i.e., factors leading to institutionalization and/or those present in the institutional environment) makes adolescents more prone "to try" and/or "continue" smoking.An institution-based survey was conducted in all orphanages in Turkey and included 6,220 adolescents. Effects of institutionalization on smoking were further evaluated based on comparisons with external data obtained from an earlier survey of non-institutionalized Turkish students.Of the participants: 57% had ever smoked cigarettes; 29.3% were current cigarette smokers; and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) was above 80.0%. Compared to non-institutionalized adolescents, institutionalized adolescents seem to be more prone to start and continue smoking; have higher access to tobacco; know less about the health hazards of smoking; and have higher prevalence of addiction, especially among girls.Smoking prevalence among institutionalized adolescents is quite high; they have an environment favoring smoking and the gender gap in smoking rates is closing. An effective tobacco-control program based on evidence, tailored to the specific needs, and combined with a motivating environment is required to decrease tobacco consumption among institutionalized youngsters. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3154217324 | Impact of Covid-19 on Public Transportation Usage and Ambient Air Quality in Turkey | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3154217324 | COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a global health concern due to the quick spread of the disease. In Turkey, the first confirmed COVID-19 case and death occurred on 11 and 15 March 2020, respectively. There is a lack of research on the impact of COVID-19 on public transportation mobility and the Air Quality Index (AQI) around the world. The objective of this research is to consider the impact of COVID-19 on public transportation usage and consequently the AQI level in Turkey. Data collection for the analysis of public transportation usage and the air quality status during pre-lockdown and lockdown was carried out using the public transportation applications Moovit and World’s Air Pollution. The results demonstrated that during the lockdown in Ankara and Istanbul, public transportation usage dramatically decreased by more than 80% by the end of March and did not change significantly until the end of May. As regards air quality, the results confirmed that air quality improved significantly during the lockdown. For Ankara and Istanbul, the improvement was estimated at about 9% and 47%, respectively. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2969538473 | Periodontal Health and Use of Oral Health Services: A Comparison of Germans and Two Migrant Groups | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2969538473 | A cross-sectional study was performed with 251 individuals, consisting of 127 Germans, 68 migrants from Turkey, and 56 resettlers (migrants from the former Soviet Union with German ancestors) to compare periodontal health status, with a special focus on associations with lifestyle and anthropometric factors, and use of dental health services. Maximal pocket depth was used as a clinical surrogate marker for periodontitis. Other variables were obtained by questionnaires administered by a Turkish or Russian interpreter. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher in Turks (odds ratio (OR) 2.84, 95% CI = 1.53–5.26) and slightly higher in resettlers (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.71–2.49). These differences are partly explained by a differential distribution of known risk factors for periodontitis. A full model showed a higher prevalence of maximal pocket depth above 5 mm in Turks (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 0.99–3.92). Use of oral health services was significantly lower in the two migrant groups. Individuals who reported regular visits to a dentist had significantly less periodontitis, independent of migrant status. A reasonable conclusion is that, since oral health causes major chronic diseases and has a major effect on total health system expenditures, public health efforts both generally and specifically focused on migrant groups are warranted. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3076328658 | Turkish Health Policies: Past, Present, and Future | [
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"Turkey"
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"https://openalex.org/W4244238918",
"https://openalex.org/W4244793872",
"https://openalex.org/W4254532864"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3076328658 | In this article, health policies in Turkey from the 1900s to the present are reviewed in light of the available data on the number of health institutions, life expectancy, infant mortality, and state budget allocation. While a significant quantitative development is observed in the provision of health services, the state by far maintained a leading role in the provision of health services until the 1980s, when an initially weak but steady deviation began, significantly increasing its pace from 2002 and creating a new path where the private sector raised its share with the extensive implementation of neoliberal economic policies. The emergence of public-private partnership projects as a financing tool in the health sector, with various models from the 1990s around the world, found its place in the Turkish health system in the form of city hospitals from 2013, creating a new deviation in the provision of health services by the state. | [
{
"display_name": "Social Work in Public Health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S47190238",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2040113889 | Participatory approaches to promote healthy lifestyles among Turkish and Moroccan women in Amsterdam | [
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{
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"display_name": "Henriëtte Dijkshoorn",
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{
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{
"display_name": "Health promotion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185618831"
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{
"display_name": "Gerontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74909509"
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{
"display_name": "Turkish",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862"
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{
"display_name": "Promotion (chess)",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Anthropology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19165224"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] | [
"Turkey",
"Morocco"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1579007680",
"https://openalex.org/W1964478596",
"https://openalex.org/W1975847985",
"https://openalex.org/W1976030637",
"https://openalex.org/W1986818392",
"https://openalex.org/W2015742271",
"https://openalex.org/W2024350992",
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"https://openalex.org/W2054525760",
"https://openalex.org/W2054837714",
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"https://openalex.org/W2159980146",
"https://openalex.org/W2163969957",
"https://openalex.org/W2168484491"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040113889 | Although it is recognized that community health promotion succeeds or fails by level of participation, effectiveness and benefits of community programs are underestimated, because participation is seldom monitored and evaluated. In the Dutch "Healthy Lifestyle Westerpark" program in Amsterdam, participation was both the main working principle and the main goal.Between 2003 and 2006, the Municipal Health Service (MHS) carried out a qualitative study on the background of overweight in Turkish and Moroccan women aged 25 to 45 years and on possibilities for promoting health with and for the target group. The aim of the program was to increase the women's participation and to evaluate participation levels in all phases. The research aim of this paper is to contribute to the development of participatory methods.Needs assessment and intervention development phases resulted in implementation of aerobic lessons and nutrition interventions. In the evaluation phase, participation levels were measured using Pretty's typology in focus groups.Results show that women appreciate participating in the program. Increase in physical activity was not measured. Women's knowledge about healthy food increased, women changed behavior by buying healthier food ingredients and women continued to participate.Participatory approaches facilitate participation at the desired level in the different phases of the program. Participatory approaches are time-consuming but worthwhile. Pretty's typology is useful to measure degree of participation, although methods can be improved and the meaning of participation should be reconsidered.The added value of this article is twofold: 1. it demonstrates that participatory methods and tools both facilitate and evaluate participation, and 2. it shows how to evaluate the degree of participation. | [
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
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|
https://openalex.org/W1979406135 | Anti‐consumption of public services: vacci(not)ion for Swine Flu | [
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"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "İzmir University of Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I15059493",
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"display_name": "Melike Demirbağ Kaplan",
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"display_name": "Yusuf Cem Kaplan",
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"display_name": "Consumption (sociology)",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C187452473"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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] | [
"Turkey"
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"https://openalex.org/W1964476087",
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"https://openalex.org/W1973150484",
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"https://openalex.org/W3124511291",
"https://openalex.org/W4211171920",
"https://openalex.org/W4253217889"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979406135 | Purpose Anti‐consumption is a new domain of research that deals with why individuals avoid consumption of particular products. To date, research in this area is only confined to the rejection of goods, with no evidence from the services industry. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of anti‐consumption behaviour for public health services, by deriving data from Swine Flu vaccination resistance in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a factor analysis method based on data collected from 519 individuals. Findings Findings suggest that there is a strong anti‐consumption attitude of the Turkish public towards the service, and a major reason for avoidance was moral incompatibility, such that the public believed that the vaccination served the interests of pharmaceutical companies and the government. The findings also reveal that all the factors previously mentioned in the literature may be involved in the anti‐consumption of public health products. Originality/value This study suggests that public products, including public health services, are highly subject to anti‐consumption movements, and policies involving such products should also be considered from this perspective in order to provide an increased welfare for the public. | [
{
"display_name": "Management research review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210230413",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4246723411 | Current Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Women of Reproductive Age — 14 Countries, 2008-2010 | [] | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
"display_name": "Smokeless tobacco",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138040679"
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{
"display_name": "Tobacco control",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780832096"
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{
"display_name": "China",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779234561"
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{
"display_name": "Low and middle income countries",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018472363"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C83864248"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C3019369543"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342"
},
{
"display_name": "Tobacco use",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3019190695"
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{
"display_name": "Demography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233"
}
] | [
"Turkey",
"Egypt"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4246723411 | Tobacco use and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in reproductive-aged women can cause adverse reproductive health outcomes, such as pregnancy complications, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, stillbirths, and infant death. Data on tobacco use and SHS exposure among reproductive-aged women in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. To examine current tobacco use and SHS exposure in women aged 15-49 years, data were analyzed from the 2008-2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) from 14 low- and middle-income countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam. The results of this analysis indicated that, among reproductive-aged women, current tobacco smoking ranged from 0.4% in Egypt to 30.8% in Russia, current smokeless tobacco use was <1% in most countries, but common in Bangladesh (20.1%) and India (14.9%), and SHS exposure at home was common in all countries, ranging from 17.8% in Mexico to 72.3% in Vietnam. High tobacco smoking prevalence in some countries suggests that strategies promoting cessation should be a priority, whereas low prevalence in other countries suggests that strategies should focus on preventing smoking initiation. Promoting cessation and preventing initiation among both men and women would help to reduce the exposure of reproductive-aged women to SHS. | [
{
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"type": "journal"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4282982341 | Expanded newborn bloodspot screening: developed country examples and what can be done in Turkey | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Başkent University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I188740104",
"lat": 39.91987,
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],
"display_name": "Çağlar Fidan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083547943"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Başkent University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I188740104",
"lat": 39.91987,
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],
"display_name": "Hüseyin Örün",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057326038"
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{
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{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Başkent University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I188740104",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4282982341 | Bloodspot screening in newborns is an exemplary public health intervention as it is essential secondary prevention with proven efficacy and benefit for the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of rare diseases. In this mini review, newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) programs of 12 countries were examined in terms of the extent of diseases/disorders screened to form recommendations for Turkey's expanded newborn screening program. Essentially, Turkey and 11 selected countries' official policies/national programs or strategies in terms of newborn screening and the number of diseases/conditions screened were examined. The current status of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) screening was also checked through the SMA NBS Alliance. In addition, WHO and EURORDIS guidelines for newborn screening were also reviewed. On the Pubmed database, following the search strategy "((newborn screening[Title/Abstract]) OR (newborn screening program[Title/Abstract])) OR (newborn blood spot screening[Title/Abstract])" in the PubMed database from 1 January 2008 to 1 December 2021. Diseases that will be recommended to be included in the Turkish national newborn bloodspot screening program will be presented by evaluating the updated criteria of Wilson and Jungner by constructing international comparisons. The number of diseases/disorders screened by the inspected 12 countries is eminently variable and ranges from 5 in Turkey to 51 in New York, United States of America (USA). Acknowledging the programs of other countries, it is evident that Turkey must advance its program by evaluating the epidemiological data in Turkey, the health workforce, and infrastructure while relying on the updated screening criteria. The newborn bloodspot screening program should be expanded based on the cost estimates and implemented starting with pilot applications and the diseases/disorders that are deemed appropriate should be included in the national program. | [
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