mapping-mena/openalex-mena-v2 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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https://openalex.org/W2967422335	The Ottoman Status Quo Regime and the Christian Sects in Jerusalem in the Late Nineteenth Century	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Fatima Salim Al Tarawneh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023015399" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Status quo", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776748549" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Sect", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776993492" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Turkish", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]	[ "Turkey" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2967422335	What is known as the Status Quo Law is actually a law promulgated by the Ottoman State which ruled Jerusalem and the Arab lands in the middle of the nineteenth century and beyond after prolonged years of disputes between the Christian sects and communities subject to the suzerainty of the Ottoman State in Jerusalem, not to mention the interventions of European states, each one of which attempted to secure privileges inside Jerusalem. Actually, France was the first European state to secure capitulations (privileges) from the Ottoman state, followed by a number of other Europeans states at a subsequent time, the first of which was Britain which obtained commercial capitulations in the year 1580 A.D., followed by the Netherlands in 1612 A.D., and then Austria in 1616 A.D., followed by other states a century later or more, such as Sweden, Sicily, Denmark, Prussia and Spain. The abovementioned states utilized those concessions to be protectors of one or another of the Orthodox or Catholic sects in Jerusalem, where France was the protector of the Latin Catholics, and Russia of the Orthodox. Thus disputes between the Christian sects intensified as a consequence, which led to the Turkish Sultans issuing a firman since the year 1740 A.D. known as the Status Quo to each Christian sect safeguarding their rights in the holy places which established the rights of every sect and religious community which was present in Jerusalem, without permitting undertaking any change to the status quo since that date until the status was firmly established in 1852, and thus the rights of the various religious sects and communities were protected, at the forefront of which were the rights of the Christian sects in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. In reality the law is still to a great extent in effect till today.	[ { "display_name": "Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764640232", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2741269728	Cooperation aspects of regional Baltic-Adriatic air carriers	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Borivoj Galović", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5055695379" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Sanja Steiner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040210089" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Slobodan Kaštela", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067403948" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Aviation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C74448152" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Civil aviation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C512918668" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Harmonization", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779962950" }, { "display_name": "Order (exchange)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Acoustics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656" }, { "display_name": "Aerospace engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453" } ]	[ "Turkey" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2741269728	Recognising the integrated character of international civil aviation, Chicago Convention and ICAO illustrate the desire to explore new routes, equal conditions of competition and common rules, among others including the safety areas. However, different policy, progress and development, lack of political will and safeguarding of legal sovereignty has raised many barriers. The result is the failure in implementing the ICAOs worldwide standards. In order to achieve the aimed goals and provide further development in the Europe Region, initiatives for common regulations started some 30 years ago. Currently, the debate is going about the creation of a single European aviation safety authority (EASA). At the same time the European Community envisage the creation of a European Common Aviation Area (ECAA) and there are initiatives to create a Transatlantic Common Aviation Area (TCAA). It is left to transition countries to decide whether they wish to integrate and join the common market under the given rules or not. To speed up the process of establishing and initiating states co-operative regional relationships and getting them closer to the European integration, SECI was formed and is dealing with regional projects in transport, supported by operational activities of the UN Economy Commission for Europe. Additionally, this initiative was supported in 1996 by signing the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. It has resulted in code-share agreements between national carriers of SECI member states and others (Croatia Airlines, Lufthansa, Alitalia, Adria Airways, Air France, Czech Airlines, Iberia, Malaysia Airlines, Turkish Airlines, Avioimpex -Macedonian, Air Bosnia). There are present differences in transition progress and related institutional changes. A significant progress has been made, but there is a considerable way still to go. However, there are possibilities for air carriers to co-operate and establish direct regional routes - Baltic-Adriatic - on a code-sharing basis as the first step, although national regulations are not complementary. This could result in better services and high standards for the public, higher fleet utilisation, higher load factor and consequently better economic results. Economic indicators and air transport growth justify the goal-planning concept in the Baltic-Adriatic regional air carriers co-operation. Building up mutual recognition and adjusting safety management between air carriers can bring us closer to the European Common Aviation Area, to a single European aviation safety authority (EASA) and Worldwide Standards in the future.	[]
https://openalex.org/W4293176012	The Italian experience and its contribution to the Union Civil Protection Mechanism in reinforcing cultural heritage protection through the Proculther project	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Italy", "display_name": "Dipartimento della Protezione Civile", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159666", "lat": 41.89193, "long": 12.51133, "type": "government" } ], "display_name": "Veronica Piacentini", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5010752899" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Acronym", "id": "https://openalex.org/C482391" }, { "display_name": "Civil defense", "id": "https://openalex.org/C529740132" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Preparedness", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777042776" }, { "display_name": "Emergency management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62555980" }, { "display_name": "European union", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Turkey" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293176012	Purpose. The aim of the article is to explain how the Italian response capacities for the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk of disaster has been enhanced over the past twenty-five years and how it has contributed to raising the awareness of this issue at international level. Approach/methodology. For this purpose, the main steps made in the last decades by Italy in including the protection of cultural heritage among other emergency issues are described below. In fact, Italy has made many efforts in the past decades to improve the emergency management of cultural heritage, paying particular attention to preparedness, prevention and response actions. Since the end of the past century, dedicated training courses have been organized at all levels as well as local, national and international exercises with specific scenarios dedicated to the protection of cultural heritage at risk of disaster in order to test specific procedures needed to ensure this type of response. In the meantime, the drafting of standard operating procedures specifically addressing the protection of vulnerable cultural heritage emerged as a result of a keen collaboration between the Italian Ministry of Culture (Italian acronym MiC) and the National Civil Protection Department (Italian acronym DPC). Findings. In this process of constant evolution of operational and technical capacities aimed at reducing the risk of cultural heritage disasters, the combination of past experience and acquired competences of Italy, France, Spain, Turkey, ICCROM and Fondazione Villa Montesca has prompted the launch of the PROCULTHER project, co-funded by the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG-ECHO). Value. The project aims to support and complement the efforts made by the European Union to strengthen cooperation between the EU Member States and Participating States in this field. In this sense, by pooling together European civil protection capacities and capabilities and providing for common standards enabling certified and well-equipped teams to work interchangeably when a disaster strikes, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), is an essential and effective system aimed at allowing a stronger and more coherent collective response. Under this framework, the project is promoting, for the first time, the development of a common European methodology, tools and capacities in order to include the protection of cultural heritage in the disaster risk management cycle and to ensure structured collaboration among cultural heritage and civil protection stakeholders at local, national and European level.	[ { "display_name": "Libellarium", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210186434", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2799930518	The need for a global response against cybercrime: Qatar as a case study	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Qatar University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839", "lat": 25.377226, "long": 51.48715, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Aliya Tabassum", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5034922349" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Qatar University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839", "lat": 25.377226, "long": 51.48715, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mohammad Saleh Mustafa", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080820984" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Qatar University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839", "lat": 25.377226, "long": 51.48715, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Somaya Al-Maadeed", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017608892" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Cybercrime", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779390178" }, { "display_name": "Cyberspace", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781241145" }, { "display_name": "Disinformation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776552730" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Internet privacy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108827166" }, { "display_name": "Harm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777363581" }, { "display_name": "Cyberwarfare", "id": "https://openalex.org/C171769113" }, { "display_name": "The Internet", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110875604" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Social media", "id": "https://openalex.org/C518677369" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "World Wide Web", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Qatar" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2548423554" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2799930518	Cybersecurity is one of the most significant concerns of life in the 21st century and safeguarding information systems is an arduous task for governments and companies across the globe. The tremendous growth in wireless communication and extensive usage of cyberspace has weakened privacy. Eventually, cybercrime has become the substantial threat to all the organizations in the world because of its devastating implications on diverse sectors associated to human. This paper explores few impacts of cybercrime to understand the intensity of damage it can cause. Besides, Qatar is taken as a case study to emphasize the exigency of securing cyberspace. The contribution of this work identifies the past cyber-attacks in Qatar to generate consciousness and to trigger actions for improving national security. The recent major cyber-attack on Qatar News Agency which led to catastrophic results and threatened Qatar's diplomacy is also outlined along with the critical challenges that are being faced by the security of Qatar. As cybercrime crosses borders of all nations, this paper emphasizes the need for global response to curb it. Additionally, it delineates the fact that attacks in cyberspace are not just driven by financial gain, but by politics or disinformation to denigrate and cause emotional harm.	[]
https://openalex.org/W4291368528	Qatar’s Regulations – Striking a Balance between Protectionist Measures and Encouragement of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Qatar	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Hamad bin Khalifa University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210144839", "lat": 25.28545, "long": 51.53096, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Maha K. Al Thani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5016104741" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Foreign direct investment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Balance (ability)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C168031717" }, { "display_name": "Protectionism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22241219" }, { "display_name": "Prosperity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776554220" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Balance of trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22674136" }, { "display_name": "Diversification (marketing strategy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C180916674" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Balance of payments", "id": "https://openalex.org/C109948328" }, { "display_name": "International economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Market economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Physical medicine and rehabilitation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99508421" }, { "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470" } ]	[ "Qatar" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4291368528	As part of its commitment to fostering economic prosperity and to further fortifying its already robust economy, Qatar has spearheaded several initiatives to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In doing so, however, Qatar must balance attracting investments from abroad while safeguarding its interests at home. This balance often becomes fragile as the same regulations imposed to offer protection to Qatari businesses (e.g., partial ownership and restricting investment to only a select few industries) often deter interests from abroad and raise barriers to entry. To restore this balance, Qatar has introduced various measures, including tax exemptions, free zones, and the use of commercial agents who are registered with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MOCI) to incentivize foreign investors and facilitate and stimulate the growth and diversification of its economy, while allowing the nation to protect its assets at home. This essay will argue that although Qatar’s regulation might discourage some investors, the law finds an appropriate balance between protecting Qatari interests and encouraging FDI.	[ { "display_name": "American journal of trade and policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210171740", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2189410178	Safeguarding Food And Environment In Qatar: A Research Project For Qatar And The Wider World	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Emel Aktaş", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5065925589" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Zeynep Topaloğlu", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5086765071" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Zahir Irani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5030777326" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Amir M. Sharif", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5061787561" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Samsul Huda", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070772035" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Food security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C549605437" }, { "display_name": "Food safety", "id": "https://openalex.org/C516717267" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Supply chain", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108713360" }, { "display_name": "Population", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359" }, { "display_name": "Food packaging", "id": "https://openalex.org/C74139830" }, { "display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322" }, { "display_name": "Food processing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C88199923" }, { "display_name": "Product (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C90673727" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental health", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Food science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C31903555" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372" }, { "display_name": "Chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680" }, { "display_name": "Geometry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" } ]	[ "Qatar" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2189410178	Background & Objectives Global food chains have become longer and more complex owing to the decoupling of geographical locations where food is produced and consumed. Increases in global food prices, lower levels of production in grain-producing nations and rising costs of oil, fertilizers and transportation have raised concerns about food security in many countries, including Qatar. The population of Qatar has dramatically increased from 660,238 in 2003 to 2,077,357 in 2014. As a food-import-dependent nation, Qatar heavily relies on food coming from other countries. However, reports on food security and observations of the project team suggest that food supply chains have not been re-designed to accommodate this rapid increase in population and to account for the increased complexity due to globalised distribution. Distribution of food is challenging because it has to ensure that the product maintains its quality and safety while it is transported downstream on the chain and until it reaches the consumer. Inappropriate conditions and poor handling result in food being wasted. An awardee of the National Priorities Research Program 2014, this research project aims to provide strategic input for management of food supply chains considering characteristics of distribution and consumption of food in Qatar. Methods This research will incorporate food quality and food safety considerations into distribution optimisation models because transportation of food between various supply chain members affects food quality and food safety as well as food waste originating from deteriorating quality and emerging safety risks. It will focus on operational problems occurring during transportation and storage of food and provide an estimate of the waste occurring in distribution. Moreover, it will build a simulation model to establish the link between distribution frequencies and the food quality and food safety, exploring key interrelationships among quality and safety in food supply chains. Results In the distribution of food, management challenges faced by organisations delivering food to Qatar are related to limited shelf lives of food products, temperature and humidity requirements, possible interaction effects between products, and delivery time windows of products. Food wasted at the end of the food supply chain incurs the highest costs and uses the highest level of energy because the food has already been grown, processed, transported, stored, and sold before ending up in the trash. This research project will investigate consumers' contribution to the generation of food waste in an attempt to reduce the waste originating from variations in demand. Conclusions Waste in the food supply chain results in inefficient use of natural resources such as water, energy and land through supply chain operations such as production, processing, distribution, consumption and disposal. The problem of food waste is emotive because it raises ethical issues about the accessibility of food while millions of people around the world live in hunger. The waste, cost and environmental impact due to production, distribution and consumption of food occur globally. The significance of this project lies in its focus on food waste as complementary to the ongoing efforts in Qatar for achieving food security and environmental sustainability.	[ { "display_name": "Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2014 Issue 1", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525074", "type": "conference" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3112422215	ADAPTIVE REUSE: SAFEGUARDING THE HERITAGE VALUES	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Silvia Mazzetto", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5074329517" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Adaptive reuse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776809989" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Urban sprawl", "id": "https://openalex.org/C487182" }, { "display_name": "Harmony (color)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776453491" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Sense of place", "id": "https://openalex.org/C115081989" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Intervention (counseling)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780665704" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Urban planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C49545453" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Economic geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Visual arts", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586" } ]	[ "Qatar" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3112422215	In the last decades, Qatar, a small peninsula in the Gulf Region, has unexpectedly experienced a fast, urban growth due to oil discovery and exportation. Doha, the capital of Qatar, is currently affected by a dispute concerning its direction of growth: form one side, the edification of a new contemporary global city, and the other side, the need to preserve the local heritage by establishing new links with the local traditions and history. The paper presents some recently completed adaptive re-use interventions in Qatar and demonstrates how the need to enhance the recognition for the Qatari architecture can intensify the perception and evaluation of the local significance. The conservation projects have been analyzed and compared, concerning socio-cultural, socio-economic, and environmental aspects linked with the adaptive re-use adopted approach. The results show that there exist many connections between the local heritage re-use, preservation of ancient natural materials, enhancement of socio-cultural values, and symbiosis with the environmental condition that could also be applied to any future restoration approach. The concept of sustainable re-use is thus described through the principles of unity and harmony in an extended meaning that includes materials preservation, ecosystem recognition, and social aspects applied to the two scales of intervention, both urban and architectural. The aim is to define a consistent approach in preserving the Qatari heritage while enhancing sustainable principles.	[ { "display_name": "Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202186", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3145613666	Socio-Economic Development, Globalization and the Need for Heritage Policy in Qatar: Case Study	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mariam Ibrahim Al-Hammadi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000190832" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Ibrahim Al-Kaabi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017811397" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Values", "id": "https://openalex.org/C194229684" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Globalization", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2119116" }, { "display_name": "Sustainable development", "id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Qatar" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W51816369", "https://openalex.org/W154765470", "https://openalex.org/W602251613", "https://openalex.org/W1546407725", "https://openalex.org/W1629525630", "https://openalex.org/W1752368086", "https://openalex.org/W1970460288", "https://openalex.org/W1972189159", "https://openalex.org/W1990238102", "https://openalex.org/W1999957114", "https://openalex.org/W2007532924", "https://openalex.org/W2023959589", "https://openalex.org/W2038888822", "https://openalex.org/W2073176594", "https://openalex.org/W2075154373", "https://openalex.org/W2131605656", "https://openalex.org/W2155754417", "https://openalex.org/W2163644134", "https://openalex.org/W2482716780", "https://openalex.org/W2767513158", "https://openalex.org/W2930586622", "https://openalex.org/W2935773666", "https://openalex.org/W2964101558", "https://openalex.org/W2990738984", "https://openalex.org/W3003313518", "https://openalex.org/W3164439767", "https://openalex.org/W4229554342", "https://openalex.org/W4243227578", "https://openalex.org/W4244942174", "https://openalex.org/W4251295915" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3145613666	Qatar, has a rich history and seen many changes in a small amount of time, investigating its heritage. Although a young state established in 1868 Qatar’s key sectors is trying to create their own policy strategies. Major issues concern cultural heritage, sporting, education and natural resources. In present paper it is argued Qatar’s Benefit by recentralising focus on to heritage policies. Issue of Qatar’s heritage policy regarding safeguarding of cultural Heritage is deemed important. We place Qatar’s need to reserve cultural heritage as one of great concern worldwide that remains a critical duty. The UNESCO upholds heritage protection as a universal issue and here we focus on two closely connected factors, social change, and globalizations; a change as a result of a large economic development, which the country is witnessing from the rapid acceleration in development and social changes. The impact of economic growth and globalization on the Qatari heritage is inevitable. Following UNESCO policies in practice we are proposing a new model for Qatar’s heritage policies, with example topics to be covered refer to activities, education, policies, preservation. A critical discussion on the social, economic, external factor is made. Emphasis is given to the sustainability in cultural heritage, the cohesion and well-being, the ecosystem supporting artists, cultural and creative professionals and Arabian content, the gender equality, the international cultural relation, with the culture as a driver for sustainable development. The proposed integrated heritage model for Qatar is considered valuable in maintaining its heritage, while also adapting to future challenges and enhance regional and international cooperation and peace.	[ { "display_name": "Open Journal of Social Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2784850370", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400014", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3113194195	Safeguarding the Buddha Statues in Bamiyan and the Sustainable Protection of Afghan Cultural Heritage	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mounir Bouchenaki", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5072825905" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Gautama Buddha", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524757792" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Afghan", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780587734" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Buddhism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75699723" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Qatar", "Egypt" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2138404004" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3113194195	Sadly, the cultural heritage of Afghanistan has suffered cruelly from the conflicts and disasters. But the most dramatic destruction was the one decided by the chief of the Taliban regime, Mullah Omar, on 26 February 2001 for the destruction of the two giant Buddha statues in the carved during the fifth century AD in the Bamiyan Valley. Under the authority and support of the UNESCO Director-General Koichiro Matsuura, a series of actions were undertaken to mobilize political and religious personalities of the Islamic States that could influence the Taliban. The Taliban announced their decision 1 week to 10 days before Aid el Adha, one of the most important Islamic festivals, commemorating the Abraham Sacrifice, fixed on March 8, 2001. UNESCO Director-General was able to speak by telephone with President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, who immediately accepted to facilitate a mission of Egyptian religious personalities led by Sheikh Al-Azhar to Kandahar in order to persuade the Taliban over their concerns for errors in interpreting Islamic law. To respond to the numerous questions that UNESCO received after the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan, a conference of experts in Islamic law was organized in Qatar, end of December 2001, at the occasion of regular meeting of the Ministers of Culture of the Islamic World, which proclaimed the “Doha Declaration on Islam and Cultural Heritage”.	[ { "display_name": "Springer eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463937", "type": "ebook platform" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4390445535	Quality of Life and Job Performance of Employees of a Construction Company in Doha, Qatar, during the 2022 FIFA World Cup	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "South Korea", "display_name": "East Asia Institute", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138302", "lat": 37.568203, "long": 126.995415, "type": "nonprofit" } ], "display_name": "Ryan Anthony M. Arendon", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093620147" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "South Korea", "display_name": "East Asia Institute", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138302", "lat": 37.568203, "long": 126.995415, "type": "nonprofit" } ], "display_name": "Jesus P. Briones", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5049143657" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "South Korea", "display_name": "East Asia Institute", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138302", "lat": 37.568203, "long": 126.995415, "type": "nonprofit" } ], "display_name": "Flormando P. Baldovino", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093602450" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Workforce", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778139618" }, { "display_name": "Quality (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Job design", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139140526" }, { "display_name": "Operations management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014" }, { "display_name": "Job satisfaction", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2718322" }, { "display_name": "Job performance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C174954385" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Epistemology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728" } ]	[ "Qatar" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390445535	Hosting mega-sport events is a risk-involving decision, but the intangible benefits as an outcome cannot be ignored. This study gauged the impact of the 2022 FIFA World Cup on the quality of life through the working conditions, public safety, and cost of living related to the job performance of the 20 finance and accounting department workforce of a construction company in Doha, Qatar. Employing the descriptive-correlation method as the research design, the data gathered using the researcher-structured questionnaire were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Spearman Rho coefficient correlation test as statistical tools. The study concluded that the anticipated negative quality of life indicators did not materialize during the mega-sport event. Further, the 2022 FIFA World Cup did not negatively impact the respondents' job performance since they still managed to perform their job assignments well. The paper, therefore, encourages that, at the very least, employees to diligently perform their jobs at all times while employers provide the necessities and should always consider safeguarding their employees' quality of life while at work by providing decent and comfortable working conditions and reasonable compensation and benefits enabling them to adequately cover their cost of living, especially during periods where mega-events are to be held within the geographical scope of their business operations. This study is useful for policymakers who are planning to utilize mega events to enhance the quality of life and job performance of working residents of the host communities.	[ { "display_name": "Inclusive Society and Sustainability Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210178157", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3165187059	Russia –Traffic in Transit (不可審查的國家安全例外？——以 t案為核心探討GATT XXI)	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Taiwan", "display_name": "Soochow University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I185940356", "lat": 25.095285, "long": 121.545654, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Kai-Chih Chang", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023210243" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "American Arbitration Association", "id": "https://openalex.org/I37124676", "lat": 40.708485, "long": -74.01063, "type": "nonprofit" } ], "display_name": "Chieh Lo", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059825228" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Interpretation (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C527412718" }, { "display_name": "Jurisdiction", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776949292" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "National security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C528167355" }, { "display_name": "Settlement (finance)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777063073" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Payment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]	[ "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Bahrain", "United Arab Emirates" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3165187059	English abstract: Comparing to the well-interpreted GATT Article XX General Exception Clause with abundant dispute settlement ruling precedents guiding its use, the GATT Article XXI security exception is rarely invoked and discussed through the history of GATT and WTO. However, after President Trump took office and invoked Article 232 of the 1962 U.S. Trade Expansion Act to impose restrictions on steel and aluminum products on the grounds of safeguarding national security, the applicability of GATT Article XXI has now grasped the world’s attention. In the recent trade disputes between Ukraine and Russia, and between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates, GATT Article XXI was also the core matter of the case. In order to better understand how GATT Article should be applied, referencing recent Russia —Traffic in Transit Panel Report, this article shall analyze the application of the GATT Article XXI National Security Exception. Matters such as the justiciability of GATT Article XXI, whether WTO dispute settlement mechanism may exercise jurisdiction upon GATT Article XXI disputes, and about the “self-judging nature” GATT Article XXI shall be discussed. In part one, this article shall start with reviewing the recent WTO-Members’ invocation of GATT Article XXI national security exceptions, and shall highlight the possibility of the abusive use of such provision. Part two then starts by addressing the GATT Article XXI provision, and shall interpret the provision through contextual interpretation, historical interpretation, and shall supplement the discussion with scholars’ comments and analyses. Part three focuses on illustrating the Russia — Traffic in Transit decision, with particular focus on assessing the Panel’s interpretation and application of GATT Article XXI. Part four comments on the Panel’s Russia — Traffic in Transit ruling and shall illustrate the potential impact this decision may cause to later disputes. Part five concludes. Chinese abstract: 世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）在降低關稅及非關稅貿易障礙而促進國際貿易發展，維護國際貿易公平競爭場域之餘，WTO在《關稅暨貿易總協定》（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT）第XX條及第XXI條下，也分別制定一般性例外（general exception）及國家安全例外（security exception），允許會員得在基於特定事由並符合特定條件時，得採取與GATT相違背的貿易限制措施。然而，相較第XX條一般性例外在多次被援引後，有豐富之爭端解決裁決先例，可指引此條款之解釋及適用；第XXI條之，即是在所確立安全例外規定，則因鮮少被援引且未曾被爭端解決機制（dispute settlement mechanism）審理，導致其解釋適用留有諸多爭議。在實務上，美國川普總統自上任以來，即援引美國「1962年貿易擴張法第232條款（1962 Trade Expansion Act Section 232）」，以維護國家安全為由，對鋼鐵產品實施進口限制，並主張其措施與GATT第XXI條第2項第3款之國家安全例外規定相符，且美國有權自行判斷是否有危害其實質國家利益情狀發生，並可自行決定採取何種措施為適當，引發國際間對安全例外條款可能被濫用之疑慮。且除美國外，當前烏克蘭與俄羅斯，沙烏地阿拉伯、巴林以及阿拉伯聯合大公國對卡達實施的貿易限制措施，均亦援引GATT第XXI條第2項第3款國家安全例外為正當化事由。有鑒於WTO會員對於國家安全例外條款中，關於「涉及會員重大安全利益」以及「國際關係緊張時期」等抽象及概括要件之解釋存有歧異，並因該條款是否為「自我審查條款（self-judging provision）」，使援引者得排除WTO其他會員以及WTO爭端解決機構對措施合法性、合目的性及必要性審查，且著眼於各國似有擴大援引國家安全例外條款實施貿易限制措施之趨勢，凸顯在國際貿易法律研究上，有充實對國家安全例外條款研究之必要。本文分為五個部分分析GATT第XXI條國家安全例外條款之解釋適用。在前言中，本文將檢視近年各國援引國家安全例外條款而實施之貿易限制措施，述明當前因國家安全例外適用而引發之國際貿易法律問題爭議，以及國家安全例外條款被濫用之可能。第貳部分則透過文義解釋、歷史性解釋以及體系解釋等法學方法以及學者論述分析，統整國家安全例外條款之解釋適用見解。第參部分以WTO爭端解決小組於2019年6月做成的「俄羅斯—過境轉運案（Russia—Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit）」裁決為核心，除說明該案事實背景及涉及國家安全例外條款適用之爭點外，更將聚焦小組對第XXI條第2項第3款適用之論理，以及小組在該案中否定國家安全例外為「自我審查條款」，但肯認會員就「認定國家安全利益」及「決定措施必要性」擁有廣泛裁量權之見解。第肆部份就俄羅斯—過境轉運案之小組裁決提出評析，除分析本案對國家安全例外條款整體適用之影響外，並將說明本裁決對其他涉及安全例外條款爭端解決之可參考性，以及本案未能釋疑而尚待後案處理之問題。第伍部分提出結論。	[ { "display_name": "Social Science Research Network", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3023838824	Building Crafts in Palestine: From Production to Knowledge Production	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Norway", "display_name": "Making View (Norway)", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087414", "lat": 60.79644, "long": 11.063399, "type": "company" } ], "display_name": "Khaldun Bshara", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5056739682" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Production (economics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Scarcity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C109747225" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Microeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787" } ]	[ "Palestine", "West Bank", "Gaza" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3023838824	Since its establishment in 1991, Riwaq has recognized the challenging complexities of preserving Palestinian collective memory through projects that document and restore architectural heritage sites across the West Bank and Gaza. Riwaq is distinguished by its focus on rural areas in Palestine, where tens of historic buildings were restored as community and cultural centers, mainly for marginalized groups. Because of the huge demand for restoration and the scarcity of human and financial resources, Riwaq has been prioritizing and implementing “The 50-Village Rehabilitation Project” in which rehabilitation and safeguarding of heritage in Palestine function as a tool for socio-economic and political development. Throughout its life span, Riwaq has turned to the field of heritage as a medium of thinking about urgent and emergent social-economic-cultural-political concerns. In this paradigm, heritage is not only a field for knowledge production but also for change. See https://www.riwaq.org/our-story.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Modern Craft", "id": "https://openalex.org/S107734394", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W576113195	The Arab League : British documentary sources 1943-1963	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Anita L. P. Burdett", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5076218957" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Boycott", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780105190" }, { "display_name": "League", "id": "https://openalex.org/C207456731" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Foreign policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93377909" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Astronomy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C1276947" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" } ]	[ "Palestine", "Lebanon", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Egypt", "Iraq" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W576113195	On 22 March 1945 the Pact of the Arab League States was signed in Cairo by Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan and Saudi Arabia. Its objectives were closer unity between members, the safeguarding of their sovereignty and co-ordinated political action. Here now in facsimile are the authentic documents of that time, and the following 20 years, following the aims and the progress of the main organ of Arab unity this century. Details include the origins of the Arab League; its creation and inauguration; issues such as the boycott of Jewish firms and products; policy on Palestine; collective security; inter-Arab and foreign, relations.	[]
https://openalex.org/W4387109785	Analyzing Precipitation Acidity Changes Post Train Derailment and Vinyl Chloride Release in East Palestine, Ohio: Exploring Biomedical and Environmental Ramifications	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Gilles Sèbe", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5065632477" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Kristen Vogle", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956080" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Brendan Meyers", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956081" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Adenike Elizabeth Adewoyin", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956082" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Livina C. Iheme", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956083" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Henrietta Nneka Emeka", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956084" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Vinyl chloride", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781460079" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Hazardous waste", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22507642" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Derailment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C197090313" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Waste management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761" }, { "display_name": "Chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680" }, { "display_name": "Track (disk drive)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C89992363" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620" }, { "display_name": "Copolymer", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15920480" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Polymer", "id": "https://openalex.org/C521977710" } ]	[ "Palestine" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W3043802276" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387109785	This study investigates the aftermath of a significant train derailment and vinyl chloride release incident in East Palestine, Ohio, with a particular focus on the analysis of precipitation acidity changes and the concentration of vinyl chloride in samples. The research seeks to elucidate the complex relationship between industrial accidents, atmospheric chemistry, and their potential implications for human health and the environment. Through meticulous examination of variations in precipitation acidity patterns, this study provides valuable insights into the dispersion and impact of toxic agents in the environment following industrial mishaps. The results underscore the intricate interplay between these factors, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach that bridges the realms of environmental science and biomedical concerns. This research contributes to a growing body of knowledge that addresses the broader consequences of industrial incidents on public health. It underscores the importance of proactive measures, such as enhanced monitoring and surveillance, risk assessment, public education, and regulatory reform, to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with industrial activities involving hazardous materials. By fostering collaboration between experts and stakeholders, this study advocates for a holistic approach to safeguarding both our environment and the well-being of communities affected by industrial accidents.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Water Resource and Protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/S175274235", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4389629313	Updating and enhancing the Protected Areas Network of Palestine: A step towards biodiversity conservation	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mazin Β. Qumsiyeh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5057440460" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Duaa Hussein", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475265" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Natalia Boulad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5012732798" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Issa Musa Albaradeiya", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5054935340" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammad Mahasnah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475266" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammad Abusarhan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043793574" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammed Najajrah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475267" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Banan Al-Shaikh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475268" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Elias N. Handal", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5069505547" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Zuhair S. Amr", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059554308" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890" }, { "display_name": "IUCN Red List", "id": "https://openalex.org/C43827410" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "IUCN protected area categories", "id": "https://openalex.org/C120860951" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Protected area", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779223538" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Palestine" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389629313	The Protected Area Network (PAN) in Palestine has undergone a comprehensive evaluation and revision to ensure its effectiveness in conserving biodiversity. This re-evaluation was necessary as the previous PAN lacked clear rationale and included areas designated for non-biological reasons. The evaluation process involved analysing the 50 areas in the previous PAN, as well as conducting Marxan analysis and incorporating new data based on IUCN criteria. The evaluation process led to eliminating, combining and adjusting areas, resulting in a revised PAN consisting of 28 areas. This updated PAN represents all vegetation types and phytogeographical zones in Palestine, effectively protecting key ecoregions in the Mediterranean hotspot. The revision of the PAN has increased the total protected land mass from 9 per cent to 9.98 per cent. This expansion provides additional areas where biodiversity can thrive undisturbed, ensuring the long-term survival of species and ecosystems. The updated PAN was adopted at the highest level of government, signifying the importance and commitment to biodiversity conservation in Palestine. This achievement demonstrates the progress made by Palestine in safeguarding its natural heritage.	[ { "display_name": "Parks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210184044", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2085918713	Enter and Be Welcome: Doorways in the Old City of Bethlehem, Palestine	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Shadi Sami Ghadban", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5081338940" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Shireen Fares Sahouri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5082294706" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Identification (biology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C116834253" }, { "display_name": "Identity (music)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778355321" }, { "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Function (biology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Aesthetics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Botany", "id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Machine learning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082" }, { "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Palestine" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W97224549" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085918713	ABSTRACT The contribution of doorways to our understanding of the history and function of a building and its historical context cannot be overstated. For this study, the doorways of Bethlehem were examined. This city has played an important role in the history of Palestine and has the distinction of being the birthplace of Jesus. The identification and protection of its unique doorways is imperative to preserving its cultural identity and historical authenticity. Consequently, the main objective here was to study the Old City of Bethlehem; document and analyze the condition, form, types, and characteristics of its doorways; and assess their value as historic forms that might be considered within a process of safeguarding and adapted use.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764665464", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2494939043	Palestine: The paradox of Self-Determination	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Christopher D. O’Sullivan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5057675291" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Middle East", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3651065" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Opposition (politics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780668109" }, { "display_name": "Alienation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C171773132" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "German", "id": "https://openalex.org/C154775046" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]	[ "Palestine", "State of Palestine", "Iran", "Egypt", "Iraq" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2000877722" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2494939043	With Italian and German forces penetrating the resource-rich and strategically vital Middle East, the Anglo-American Allies wanted to avoid further antagonizing the Arabs over Palestine. After the British interventions in Iraq, the Levant, Iran, and Egypt, the State Department feared that any further alienation might spark opposition in other countries as well, including India, and require the diversion of troops. The war starkly demonstrated the importance of good relations with the peoples of the Middle East for safeguarding vital supply lines and resources (particularly oil) and protecting troops and lines of communication. More provocations might jeopardize FDR’s larger objectives, pitting US forces against the peoples of the region, most merely asserting a “natural desire” for self-rule.4	[ { "display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463717", "type": "ebook platform" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4387543188	Combating the desert locust crisis in Afghanistan: safeguarding food security, humanitarian stability, and health impacts	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Pakistan", "display_name": "Dow University of Health Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I39727005", "lat": 24.8608, "long": 67.0104, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hidayat Ullah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059202779" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Pakistan", "display_name": "Dow University of Health Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I39727005", "lat": 24.8608, "long": 67.0104, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khulud Qamar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5066261438" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Pakistan", "display_name": "Dow University of Health Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I39727005", "lat": 24.8608, "long": 67.0104, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdullah Shinwari", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062874749" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Afghanistan", "display_name": "Kabul University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I19231517", "lat": 34.517467, "long": 69.13596, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdullah Malikzai", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5048803403" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Desert (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776130869" }, { "display_name": "Food security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C549605437" }, { "display_name": "Desert locust", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779670156" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Locust", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776041477" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Schistocerca", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781335186" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "West Bank", "Yemen", "Somalia", "Morocco" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W3007759540", "https://openalex.org/W3080289968" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387543188	Introduction The desert locust is regarded as the most destructive migratory pest worldwide. According to the United Nations, an average swarm of up to 40 million insects may cover 150 km in a day and consume enough food to feed 34 million people in that period. Adults deposit eggs, before they hatch, can produce a generation up to 20 times larger than the one before it, and can survive for up to 3 months1. Around 100 countries are threatened by massive locust outbreaks, with Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya being the worst affected. These epidemics pose a threat to the environment and agricultural output. For the years 1912 through 1989, there have been 6 significant locust outbreaks that have all been linked to prolonged droughts, mild winters, and the occurrence of substantial spring and summer precipitation. The most severe outbreaks were in East Africa, India, and Pakistan2. Afghanistan has been badly hit by a disastrous locust outbreak, which threatens one-quarter of the country’s annual harvest. According to Richard Trenchard, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization national representative, the large-scale breakout of Moroccan locusts will most likely be “devastating” in 8 key agricultural provinces, primarily in the North and Northeast. The locust breakout further aggravated the worst economic catastrophe in the country’s history3. The use of widely used pesticides in locust control, as well as the consumption of sprayed locusts shortly after spraying, has an adverse effect on the health of humans and has implications for the sustainability of ecosystem services and biodiversity4. The desert locust crisis According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the past 2 epidemics (20 y and 40 y ago) cost Afghanistan 8% and 25% of its annual wheat crop. A Moroccan locust outbreak this year alone might result in crop losses ranging from 700,000 to 1.2 million metric tons of wheat, accounting for up to a quarter of the annual harvest. If the Moroccan locust population is not managed, it might double by 100-fold next year, posing even more challenges for farming and food security in Afghanistan and its neighbors5. The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is one of 18–20 grasshopper species, with about 10 subspecies found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, with the ability to swarm across long distances (10 h/d, up to 150 km), and is one of the oldest, largest, and most destructive migratory pests causing agricultural damage2. The desert locust has a 3–6 month life cycle and a mature female locust can lay roughly 100 eggs every day. The larvae grow quickly and mature in around 20 days, becoming the initiator of the following batch of insect pests (Fig. 1).Figure 1: The life cycle of locusts. Modified from2. Adaptations are themselves works protected by copyright. So in order to publish this adaptation, authorization must be obtained both from the owner of the copyright in the original work and from the owner of copyright in the translation or adaptation.Addressing the crisis In recent history, Afghanistan had 2 brushes with the Moroccan locust: one in 1981, when an outbreak took off over a quarter of the national harvest, and another in 2003, when it claimed a more modest 8% due to an improved locust-control effort. The Moroccan locust is one of the most economically devastating plant pests in the world, consuming around 150 distinct plant species, 50 of which are food crops and all of which are grown in Afghanistan. Locust sightings at various stages of development have been reported in Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Kunduz, Samangan, Sar-e-Pul, and Takhar provinces, with new reports coming in from the Heart and Ghor regions3. Figure 2 illustrates the 6 big desert locust outbreaks recorded between 1912 and 1989, all of which were strongly linked to dry and warm weather during that period2.Figure 2: Annual locust outbreaks in the world for the past 150 years. Modified from2. Adaptations are themselves works protected by copyright. So in order to publish this adaptation, authorization must be obtained both from the owner of the copyright in the original work and from the owner of copyright in the translation or adaptation.Socioeconomic and humanitarian consequences The livelihoods of Afghanistan’s population have been severely compromised due to the infestation of desert locusts, resulting in detrimental health problems for the people residing. The locusts are infected with microbial pathogens that can lead to the outbreak of various diseases. The pesticides used can cause major illnesses presenting with respiratory and neurological symptoms if inhaled. This is further associated with fetal deaths, birth defects, and cancers. In addition, these locusts severely disrupt the crops grown in Afghanistan, the food shortage will lead to starvation, malnutrition, and growth retardation. The desert locust is currently responsible for the loss of agricultural productivity and widespread crop destruction. According to available statistics, the regions of Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Kunduz, Samangan, Sar-e-Pul, and Takhar have recently experienced an estimated decrease of 1.2 million metric tons of wheat, accounting for ~25% of the total annual harvest6. This loss has not only impacted the income and livelihoods of farmers but has also disrupted the food supply chain, reducing food availability for both rural and urban populations. Given Afghanistan’s heavy reliance on domestic food production to meet its population’s dietary needs, the consequences of crop destruction are particularly severe, with the risk of famine looming over the country. Considering that agriculture serves as one of the most profitable sectors in Afghanistan, the instability caused by the locust infestation will lead to substantial economic losses. The devastating impact of the desert locust infestation extends beyond economic losses. Endemic areas affected by the locust invasion are seeing mass migration and displacement of communities. This humanitarian crisis has far-reaching implications, including increased health risks and the potential for disease outbreaks. Displaced populations often face inadequate access to health care, sanitation facilities, and clean water, exacerbating the vulnerability of already marginalized communities. Lessons from past experiences and best practices To address the escalating challenges, international and national authorities must respond promptly and supply adequate support in Afghanistan. Organizations like the World Bank Group have provided regions of Africa with a financing package totaling USD 160 million. Efforts to combat locusts are also receiving funding in Yemen ($25 million), Pakistan ($200 million), and Somalia ($40 million)7. Similarly in Afghanistan, immediate interventions should include the allocation of financial resources and the implementation of targeted programs to combat the locust outbreak, ensure food security, and support affected communities. Furthermore, long-term investments in agricultural research, early warning systems, and preventive measures are necessary to predict and mitigate the impacts of future locust infestations. There are encouraging examples of other countries effectively managing locust control. In Caucasus and Central Asia, West/Northwest Africa (the Western Region), and the Horn of Africa (the Central Region), success can be attributed to community involvement, early warning systems, and national monitoring systems8. India has an integrated pest management strategy, focusing on biological control techniques and resistant crop varieties9. The Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority’s use of aerial spraying of 85,948 donums in infected regions and partnerships for resources highlights the value of global cooperation10. Afghanistan should establish a similar system that combines community-based surveillance and early warning mechanisms. Conclusion and call to action In conclusion, immediate and coordinated action is crucial to address the desert locust infestation in Afghanistan through global solidarity and coordinated efforts. Adequate funding and implementation of programs aimed at eradicating the crisis are essential. Moreover, investing in research, early warning systems, and preventive measures will help predict and prevent future locust outbreaks. By adopting initiative-taking approaches and taking preventive measures and preparedness, Afghanistan can mitigate the impact of locust infestations, safeguard its agricultural sector, and ensure food security for its population. Ethical approval Ethics approval was not required for this short communication article. Sources of funding Not applicable. Author contributions H.U.: wrote the introduction and edited the revised draft. K.Q.: wrote socioeconomic and humanitarian consequences, lessons from past experiences and best practices, and conclusion and call to action. A.S. and A.M.: made the critical comments and revision. Conflict of interest disclosures The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) Not applicable. Guarantor Abdullah Malikzai.	[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Surgery Global Health", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210188486", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W1769142483	Definitions and Determinants of Handicap in People with Disabilities	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "American University of Beirut", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98635879", "lat": 33.901093, "long": 35.48153, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khuzama Shaar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040314787" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "University of London", "id": "https://openalex.org/I124357947", "lat": 51.50853, "long": -0.12574, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mark J. McCarthy", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5074043906" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Legislation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106" }, { "display_name": "Intervention (counseling)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780665704" }, { "display_name": "Disadvantage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777673361" }, { "display_name": "Quality of life (healthcare)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779951463" }, { "display_name": "Gerontology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C74909509" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Lebanon" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1769142483	Journal Article Definitions and Determinants of Handicap in People with Disabilities Get access Khuzama Shaar, Khuzama Shaar 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon Dr. Khuzama Shaar, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, 850 Third Avenue, No. 18, New York, NY 10022 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark McCarthy Mark McCarthy 2Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, University of LondonLondon, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 2, 1994, Pages 228–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036152 Published: 01 March 1994 Article history Received: 30 October 1992 Published: 01 March 1994 Revision received: 22 September 1994	[ { "display_name": "Epidemiologic Reviews", "id": "https://openalex.org/S136459416", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2020693490	Holistic conservation of bio-cultural diversity in coastal Lebanon: A landscape approach	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "American University of Beirut", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98635879", "lat": 33.901093, "long": 35.48153, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Jala Makhzoumi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5076688933" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Hala Chmaitelly", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023381152" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "Holy Spirit University of Kaslik", "id": "https://openalex.org/I189998669", "lat": 33.89332, "long": 35.50157, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Carine Lteif", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002872123" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Seascape", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780161694" }, { "display_name": "Biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890" }, { "display_name": "Livelihood", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3987366" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Geodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778045388" }, { "display_name": "Habitat", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185933670" }, { "display_name": "Mediterranean climate", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4646841" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Ecosystem services", "id": "https://openalex.org/C58941895" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Ecosystem", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110872660" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Lebanon" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1526633931", "https://openalex.org/W1603734399", "https://openalex.org/W1994706295", "https://openalex.org/W2010601705", "https://openalex.org/W2029225723", "https://openalex.org/W2039561601", "https://openalex.org/W2044216108", "https://openalex.org/W2050841265", "https://openalex.org/W2052456679", "https://openalex.org/W2064657039", "https://openalex.org/W2074369216", "https://openalex.org/W2103286512", "https://openalex.org/W2124876532", "https://openalex.org/W2140792868", "https://openalex.org/W2162348455", "https://openalex.org/W2179874967" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020693490	Bridging terrestrial and marine ecosystems, Mediterranean coastal littorals are important floral and faunal habitats and an important component of the traditional Mediterranean landscape mosaic. The expanding urban footprint in Mediterranean littorals is increasingly threatening semi-natural sites and agriculture in coastal landscape. This paper proposes a holistic landscape approach to the sustainable planning of coastal littorals arguing that it is more likely to succeed because it is integrative of the concerns for safeguarding environmental resources and conservation of biodiversity but also responsive to socio-economic concerns of securing agricultural livelihood and providing for the cultural needs for open/green spaces by the growing inhabitants of coastal cities. The challenge is to combine protection for the three seemingly disparate activities. The town of Damour on the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon is taken as a case study. The wide coastal, banana cultivated plain makes for an exceptionally verdant landscape and scenic reprieve in an otherwise predominantly urbanized coastline. The methodology of ecological landscape design is applied to secure a holistic reading of the physical setting and propose a holistic, integrative conceptual model for the protection of coastal biodiversity that is ecologically sensitive and in synergy with agricultural and cultural uses.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Marine and Island Cultures", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2898501315", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3100942227	Safeguarding a global seed heritage from Syria to Svalbard	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Norway", "display_name": "Norwegian University of Life Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I54108979", "lat": 59.671722, "long": 10.766356, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ola Tveitereid Westengen", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062807923" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Charlotte Lusty", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5053583073" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mariana Yazbek", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5075567793" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Ahmed Amri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5034946583" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Åsmund Asdal", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5054577331" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Food security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C549605437" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Crop diversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C1924315" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Agricultural biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C141151480" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Diversity (politics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781316041" }, { "display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Agroforestry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C54286561" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Lebanon", "Syria", "Morocco" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1707938390", "https://openalex.org/W1983529368", "https://openalex.org/W1986410243", "https://openalex.org/W2008880592", "https://openalex.org/W2073835608", "https://openalex.org/W2080321030", "https://openalex.org/W2112587130", "https://openalex.org/W2112961671", "https://openalex.org/W2114330501", "https://openalex.org/W2148333466", "https://openalex.org/W2155657253", "https://openalex.org/W2170013673", "https://openalex.org/W2409185502", "https://openalex.org/W2785751841", "https://openalex.org/W2898143059", "https://openalex.org/W2909678677", "https://openalex.org/W2914732688", "https://openalex.org/W2927091802", "https://openalex.org/W2942783093", "https://openalex.org/W3125737366", "https://openalex.org/W4246650854" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3100942227	Crop diversity underpins food security and adaptation to climate change. Concerted conservation efforts are needed to maintain and make this diversity available to plant scientists, breeders and farmers. Here we present the story of the rescue and reconstitution of the unique seed collection held in the international genebank of International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Syria. Being among the first depositors to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, ICARDA managed to safety duplicate more than 80% of its collection before the last staff had to leave the genebank in 2014 because of the war. Based on the safety duplicates, ICARDA since 2015 have rebuilt their collections and resumed distribution of seeds to users internationally from their new premises in Morocco and Lebanon. We describe the multifaceted and layered structure of the global system for the conservation and use of crop diversity that enabled this successful outcome. Genebanks do not work alone but in an increasingly strengthened and experienced multilateral system of governance, science, financial support and collaboration. This system underpins efforts to build sustainable and socially equitable agri-food systems. Genebanks are repositories of genetic diversity, and getting the seeds to the facilities depends on committed researchers going, if necessary, into war-torn areas in order to save and transport their resources. This narrative recounts one such journey and the system that underpins these facilities and individuals.	[ { "display_name": "Nature Plants", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764671299", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "MELSpace (ICARDA (The International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas))", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402476", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2017163453	Made in the U.S.A.: American Military Aid to Israel	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "New America", "id": "https://openalex.org/I1293055157", "lat": 38.934505, "long": -77.049, "type": "nonprofit" } ], "display_name": "Frida Berrigan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5006964894" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Cold war", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2986359222" }, { "display_name": "Law enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780262971" }, { "display_name": "Gaza strip", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017912951" }, { "display_name": "Disbursement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778101114" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Lebanon", "Gaza", "Israel" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2738844865" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017163453	Enforcement of U.S. law concerning weapons exports and the disbursement of military aid are subject to highly politicized interpretations of concepts like ““legitimate self-defense”” and ““safeguarding internal security.”” As illustrated by Israel's July 2006 war in Lebanon and its 2008––2009 Operation Cast Lead in Gaza, Washington has essentially allowed Israel to define ““self-defense”” however it chooses. This overview of U.S. military aid to Israel, including weapons sales and related support of its domestic military industrial complex, examines in detail the mechanisms through which aid is funneled, the restrictions on aid that do exist, and the uses to which U.S. military aid has been put——particularly in terms of Israel's military operations and its exports abroad.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Palestine Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S88529193", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2081772111	Influence of drying conditions on the quality of Origanum syriacum L.	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "Holy Spirit University of Kaslik", "id": "https://openalex.org/I189998669", "lat": 33.89332, "long": 35.50157, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Lara Hanna-Wakim", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5084018259" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "Holy Spirit University of Kaslik", "id": "https://openalex.org/I189998669", "lat": 33.89332, "long": 35.50157, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Marc El Beyrouthy", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038709760" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Tunisia", "display_name": "Manouba University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I83259278", "lat": 36.81469, "long": 10.063968, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Wissem Mnif", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5066476211" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Tunisia", "display_name": "Manouba University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I83259278", "lat": 36.81469, "long": 10.063968, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Tunisia", "display_name": "University of Monastir", "id": "https://openalex.org/I166928557", "lat": 35.77799, "long": 10.82617, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Wissal Dhifi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5026850570" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210154502", "lat": 33.886124, "long": 35.55874, "type": "government" } ], "display_name": "Mohammed A. Salman", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5001825314" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "Lebanese University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I160368002", "lat": 33.827816, "long": 35.52219, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ali Bassal", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5029587079" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Ingredient", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780589914" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Quality (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757" }, { "display_name": "Chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Food science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C31903555" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636" } ]	[ "Lebanon" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1973793467", "https://openalex.org/W1981063741", "https://openalex.org/W1987908785", "https://openalex.org/W1998244821", "https://openalex.org/W2000071078", "https://openalex.org/W2011551947", "https://openalex.org/W2016889682", "https://openalex.org/W2018241491", "https://openalex.org/W2031423230", "https://openalex.org/W2046230473", "https://openalex.org/W2047293649", "https://openalex.org/W2048309867", "https://openalex.org/W2067617338", "https://openalex.org/W2090141850", "https://openalex.org/W2095111626", "https://openalex.org/W2096338980", "https://openalex.org/W2101673625", "https://openalex.org/W2131559024", "https://openalex.org/W2237058692" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081772111	The temperature and the speed of drying may affect the quality of the end product of medicinal plants. In addition, ecotypes and chemotypes could be factors influencing this quality. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore various techniques of drying of Origanum syriacum L., which is considered as a main ingredient in the Lebanese diet. For all these reasons, we decided to study two types of O. syriacum originating from Rkai and Ibrine regions on which analyses were carried out. In view of our results, a moderate temperature, in the absence of light, is more favourable for the safeguarding of the flavours and chlorophylls. On the other hand, these conditions seem to be unsuitable for other substances. In order to clarify the optimal conditions for drying of O. syriacum to lead to a product of quality, the choice of a technique of suitable dehydration seems to be delicate.	[ { "display_name": "Natural Product Research", "id": "https://openalex.org/S205999849", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3198161821	Brokered discrimination for a fee: the incompatibility of domestic work placement agencies with rights-based global governance of migration	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "Coventry University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I73417466", "lat": 52.40656, "long": -1.51217, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Katharine Jones", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5079538120" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Obstacle", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776650193" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Right to work", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776454469" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Citizen journalism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C203663800" }, { "display_name": "Position (finance)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C198082294" }, { "display_name": "Enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" } ]	[ "Lebanon", "Jordan" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1963506225", "https://openalex.org/W1975026673", "https://openalex.org/W1982912812", "https://openalex.org/W2004472246", "https://openalex.org/W2004764875", "https://openalex.org/W2007426771", "https://openalex.org/W2013695870", "https://openalex.org/W2021674865", "https://openalex.org/W2030876759", "https://openalex.org/W2048640691", "https://openalex.org/W2074914851", "https://openalex.org/W2112477404", "https://openalex.org/W2131294064", "https://openalex.org/W2140140271", "https://openalex.org/W2141843989", "https://openalex.org/W2740714645", "https://openalex.org/W2752555363", "https://openalex.org/W2899723085", "https://openalex.org/W2900283764", "https://openalex.org/W3014943542", "https://openalex.org/W3094736931", "https://openalex.org/W3109813231", "https://openalex.org/W3112504561", "https://openalex.org/W4232368290", "https://openalex.org/W4233787546", "https://openalex.org/W4253043248", "https://openalex.org/W4255704962" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3198161821	In the past decade tackling ‘abusive recruitment’ has catapulted to the top of international migration governance agendas, largely in the slipstream of anti-trafficking advocacy. In this context, the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) aims to ‘facilitate fair and ethical recruitment’ while ‘safeguarding the conditions that ensure decent work’. However, recruiters’ responsibility for systemic and discriminatory racialised and gendered employment patterns remain largely ignored by policymakers, despite non-discrimination being a fundamental labour right. This paper responds by drawing on a qualitative research study conducted with migrant domestic worker placement agencies in Jordan, Lebanon, and Bangladesh between 2013 and 2015. The paper shows that agencies in Amman and Beirut deliberately recruited and supplied Bangladeshi women as the cheapest available domestic workers. I argue that such structural discrimination impacted on Bangladeshi women’s position in the labour market, including on their pay and ability to organise. The paper concludes that without tackling this issue, private sector recruitment will remain a substantial obstacle to the advancement of a rights-based and socially fair approach to the global regulation of worker migration.	[ { "display_name": "Global Public Policy and Governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169212", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4306179614	Assessing The Costs and Benefits of Adopting Solar Energy on The Bottom Line in The Lebanese Foodservice Industry: Owners’ And Managers’ Perspectives	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "Beirut Arab University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I36314861", "lat": 33.89332, "long": 35.50157, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Imad Wazni", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5075599928" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Electricity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C206658404" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Purchasing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778813691" }, { "display_name": "Renewable energy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C188573790" }, { "display_name": "Purchasing power", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776542561" }, { "display_name": "Population", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359" }, { "display_name": "Environmentally friendly", "id": "https://openalex.org/C171534860" }, { "display_name": "Environmental economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C134560507" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Environmental health", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Keynesian economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C165556158" }, { "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Lebanon" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4306179614	Electricity provides various benefits to the economy, including the availability of electrical gadgets and improved lighting. Therefore, the loss of power is seen as a major setback, particularly in Lebanon. It would be incredibly challenging to provide modern energy such as electricity to light a room, cook a meal, or operate a restaurant. Restaurants in Lebanon either lack access to or cannot afford to pay for reliable sources of electricity. This means that individuals in Lebanon are able to pay for and make use of the newly accessible electricity. Convenience sampling is used when a researcher has ready access to the population from which to draw a sample. A wide range of managers participated in this poll. In Lebanese settings, only 300 out of 350 requested survey participants showed up. People who care about the environment are more likely to buy renewable energy. In general, advocates for the use of renewable energy sources tend to be those who are environmentally sensitive and who feel a personal commitment to safeguarding the earth. Customers' concern for the environment may affect their purchasing decisions, but this effect is likely to be moderated by other factors. Strong environmental values improve a consumer's tendency to purchase eco-friendly goods. Managers who care about doing the right thing are more likely to buy environmentally friendly products. In addition, ecoaware executives are more likely to invest in sustainable power plants. Customers that care about the environment and are knowledgeable about environmental issues are more likely to make purchases that are good for the planet.	[ { "display_name": "European Journal of Business and Management Research", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210208644", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3171320281	Customary Refugee Law	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Australia", "display_name": "University of Technology Sydney", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114017466", "lat": -33.883274, "long": 151.20045, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hélène Lambert", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5048656048" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Refugee", "id": "https://openalex.org/C173145845" }, { "display_name": "Refugee law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777251787" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Customary international law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779921323" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "International law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825" }, { "display_name": "Convention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745" }, { "display_name": "Internally displaced person", "id": "https://openalex.org/C13934251" }, { "display_name": "Public international law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185436325" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Lebanon", "Iran", "Jordan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3171320281	Abstract This chapter explores customary refugee law. Refugee law is primarily treaty law. However, many of the major refugee-receiving countries are not parties to either the Refugee Convention or the Refugee Protocol, for example Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Iran, Jordan, and Lebanon. Hence, customary international refugee law can be critically important in the identification of key principles of refugee protection and as an indication of what is permitted or not. While customary international law may not play as significant a role in refugee law as it does in other areas of international law, there are at least three practices of refugee protection aimed at safeguarding access and admission to refugee protection for which varying degrees of agreement exist in favour of a rule (or emerging rule) of customary law: non-refoulement, temporary refuge, and the right to be granted (to receive) asylum. These practices are deeply intertwined in their humanitarian purpose.	[ { "display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708", "type": "ebook platform" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4205546342	Lebanon: 2009 Article IV Consultation and Assessment of Performance Under the Program Supported by Emergency Post-Conflict Assistance: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Lebanon	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "International Monetary Fund", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002382626" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Pace", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777526511" }, { "display_name": "Bankruptcy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C504631918" }, { "display_name": "Notice", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779913896" }, { "display_name": "Executive board", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993863779" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Financial crisis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778300220" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Resilience (materials science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779585090" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Geodesy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743" }, { "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855" } ]	[ "Lebanon" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205546342	The Lebanese financial system has so far weathered the global financial crisis. The 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that deposit inflows decelerated briefly in the aftermath of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, but have resumed at a rapid pace since then. Executive Directors have welcomed the remarkable resilience of the Lebanese economy in the face of the global financial crisis. Directors have also supported the authorities’ monetary policy aimed at safeguarding the exchange rate peg and facilitating a further buildup of international reserves.	[ { "display_name": "IMF country report", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169746", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3214470118	Beirut Heritage Initiative: Safeguarding the City’s Built Heritage After the August 4, 2020, Port Explosion	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Yasmine Elmajzoub", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5027692623" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Forensic engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C77595967" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" } ]	[ "Lebanon" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3214470118	The devastating explosion in Beirut’s port on August 4, 2020 will forever be engraved in the memory of the Lebanese people. Within moments, a city with over 5,000 years of history was in ruins. Aside from the terrible casualties, the blast impacted one of the largest concentrations of heritage buildings in the city, dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. For this reason Beirut Heritage Initiative (BHI) was established in an attempt to help restore the city’s built heritage and to preserve both the urban and the social fabric of the damaged neighborhoods. BHI’s first mission was focused on emergency works such as rapid sheltering and consolidation of damaged buildings to prevent further damage due to the winter weather. After this emergency phase, BHI has engaged in partial reconstructions to enable vulnerable inhabitants to return to their homes, and a third phase has focused on full restoration projects for highly damaged buildings.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of traditional building, architecture and urbanism", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210179570", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401293", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4231318798	Safeguarding medical education in conflict	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "The Lancet", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5085953656" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Guard (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C141141315" }, { "display_name": "Siege", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186857363" }, { "display_name": "Medical education", "id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]	[ "Gaza Strip", "Gaza", "Syria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4231318798	On May 23, during the World Health Assembly, the International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA) presented Attacks on Medical Education, case reports collected by IFMSA member organisations in seven countries where violent conflict has affected medical education. These accounts tell the story of bravery in the face of assault. In Venezuela, in May, 2017, Paúl Moreno, a 24-year-old medical student who had been providing medical assistance for those protesting Nicolás Maduro's Government, was mowed down by a truck during the protest. That same month, several Venezuelan medical education facilities were shot at, kept under siege, or burned by police or the National Guard, leading to the death of nursing student Augusto Pugas. The report concludes that obstruction of medical education mostly takes the form of barriers to access medical education rather than targeted strikes, although direct assaults on medical education facilities might be under-reported. In the occupied Palestinian territory, for instance, the medical faculty of the Islamic University in the Gaza Strip has been repeatedly bombed since it started its operation, every time weakening its infrastructure still further. The IFMSA report is a qualitative pilot analysis. As such, it has some gaps to address. Experts on the situation in Syria told The Lancet that the report omits attacks on medical education by pro-Syrian Government forces, and that it fails to mention medical students in Syria who were killed, injured, arrested, or tortured, including those by the Syrian Government. Attacks on medical education are likely to have long-term effects on staffing and rebuilding of the medical infrastructure in countries in conflict. However, without a systematic monitoring framework, the understanding of the potential scale of these attacks is limited. Researchers, public health experts, and civil society leaders should come forward to provide medical students' associations with the tools and data to document these assaults against medical education to safeguard the next generation of those who will be providing care. Medical research in war-torn Syria: medical students' perspectiveThe ongoing war in Syria has caused substantial damage to the country's infrastructure, affecting almost all aspects of life.1 The consequences of this tragedy have further handicapped the underdeveloped research environment in Syria. Full-Text PDF	[ { "display_name": "The Lancet", "id": "https://openalex.org/S49861241", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2021143689	The identification of sites of biodiversity conservation significance: progress with the application of a global standards	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Matthew N. Foster", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5009114370" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Thomas M. Brooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023825570" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Annabelle Cuttelod", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5050986912" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "N. De Silva", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000416028" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Lincoln Fishpool", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5081476389" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "E. Radford", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5064832955" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Stephen Woodley", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059455803" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Convention on Biological Diversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779485152" }, { "display_name": "Biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890" }, { "display_name": "Threatened species", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24518262" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Mandate", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775884135" }, { "display_name": "Identification (biology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C116834253" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Vulnerability (computing)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95713431" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Convention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Habitat", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185933670" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021143689	As a global community, we have a responsibility to ensure the long-term future of our natural heritage. As part of this, it is incumbent upon us to do all that we can to reverse the current trend of biodiversity loss, using all available tools at our disposal. One effective mean is safeguarding of those sites that are highest global priority for the conservation of biodiversity, whether through formal protected areas, community managed reserves, multiple-use areas, or other means. This special issue of the Journal of Threatened Taxa examines the application of the Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) approach to identifying such sites. Given the global mandate expressed through policy instruments such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the KBA approach can help countries meet obligations in an efficient and transparent manner. KBA methodology follows the well-established general principles of vulnerability and irreplaceability, and while it aims to be a globally standardized approach, it recognizes the fundamental need for the process to be led at local and national levels. In this series of papers the application of the KBA approach is explored in seven countries or regions: the Caribbean, Indo-Burma, Japan, Macedonia, Mediterranean Algeria, the Philippines and the Upper Guinea region of West Africa. This introductory article synthesizes some of the common main findings and provides a comparison of key summary statistics.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Threatened Taxa", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764419951", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2788404806	The oasis of Moghrar (southwest Algeria): water resources and management	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd", "id": "https://openalex.org/I233209018", "lat": 34.87833, "long": -1.315, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "Ahmed Draia University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I22223346", "lat": 27.87429, "long": -0.29388, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "Renewable Energy Development Center", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116835", "lat": 36.79713, "long": 3.033559, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Abdelkader Hadidi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5026239992" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "University of Blida", "id": "https://openalex.org/I83332908", "lat": 36.504765, "long": 2.875901, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Boualem Rémini", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5015141206" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd", "id": "https://openalex.org/I233209018", "lat": 34.87833, "long": -1.315, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mohammed Habi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5078620101" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "Ahmed Draia University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I22223346", "lat": 27.87429, "long": -0.29388, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "Renewable Energy Development Center", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116835", "lat": 36.79713, "long": 3.033559, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Djamel Saba", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5014985347" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Water resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524765639" }, { "display_name": "Water resources", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153823671" }, { "display_name": "Digging", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779080342" }, { "display_name": "Drawdown (hydrology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777038186" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Water table", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39769621" }, { "display_name": "Irrigation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C88862950" }, { "display_name": "Groundwater", "id": "https://openalex.org/C76177295" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Water quality", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780797713" }, { "display_name": "Aquifer", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75622301" }, { "display_name": "Hydrology (agriculture)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C76886044" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Geology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Geotechnical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1904876966" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2788404806	Abstract The oasis of Moghrar is located in the wilaya (province) of Naama, in the southwest of Algeria. It is well known for its Ksours, its palm groves and the good quality of its fruit and vegetables, especially the dates and their varieties. This region contains important groundwater and surface water resources. For several centuries, domestic water supply and irrigation have been carried out using traditional techniques of water harvesting such as pendulum wells and foggaras. Currently, this hydraulic heritage is meeting technical and social problems, particularly with the contribution of drilling and motor-pumps. The main issues are water table drawdown, the drying-up of water sources and degradation and decay of traditional techniques. The objective of this study is to make an inventory of all water sources in the study area, to study the impact of the contribution of modern techniques on ancestral techniques and finally to propose recommendations for safeguarding the hydraulic heritage.	[ { "display_name": "Water Science & Technology: Water Supply", "id": "https://openalex.org/S124453322", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4255394224	Teng Hsiao-P'ing's Speech at the United Nations, (April 10, 1974)	[]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Democracy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C555826173" }, { "display_name": "Session (web analytics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779182362" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Hegemony", "id": "https://openalex.org/C135121143" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Advertising", "id": "https://openalex.org/C112698675" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4255394224	Abstract The special session of the United Nations General Assembly on the problems of raw materials and development is successfully convened on the proposals of President Houari Boumediene of the Council of Revolution of the Democratic People's Republic of Algeria and with the support of the great majority of the countries of the world. This is the first time in the twenty-nine years since the founding of the United Nations that a session is held specially to discuss the important question of opposing imperialist exploitation and plunder and effecting a change in international economic relations. This reflects that profound changes have taken place in the international situation. The Chinese Government extends its warm congratulations on the convocation of this session and hopes that it will make a positive contribution to strengthening the unity of the developing countries, safeguarding their national economic rights and interests, and promoting the struggle of all peoples against imperialism, and particularly against hegemonism.	[ { "display_name": "Chinese Law and Government", "id": "https://openalex.org/S96872871", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3014870547	Towards an Analytical Habitability Grid for Heritage: the Medina of Mostaganem as a Case Study	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf", "id": "https://openalex.org/I3124969661", "lat": 35.70807, "long": -0.579126, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Fatima Bouzid", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5066573314" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf", "id": "https://openalex.org/I3124969661", "lat": 35.70807, "long": -0.579126, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Malika Kacemi Maghfour", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5014892256" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "France", "display_name": "École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-La Villette", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210144264", "lat": 48.85341, "long": 2.3488, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Emmanuel Ammougou Mballa", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5005325434" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Habitability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C21435255" }, { "display_name": "Geomatics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C12780434" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Citizen journalism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C203663800" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Psychological intervention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008" }, { "display_name": "Field (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C9652623" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Architectural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C170154142" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Cartography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586" }, { "display_name": "Planet", "id": "https://openalex.org/C51244244" }, { "display_name": "Astrophysics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C44870925" }, { "display_name": "Pure mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C202444582" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W177209641", "https://openalex.org/W393638689", "https://openalex.org/W585391160", "https://openalex.org/W1976159285", "https://openalex.org/W2105387498", "https://openalex.org/W2110111926", "https://openalex.org/W2122132458", "https://openalex.org/W2167998144", "https://openalex.org/W2283516393", "https://openalex.org/W2417721302", "https://openalex.org/W2418845990", "https://openalex.org/W2895988544" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3014870547	Conservation of historic cities is limited in many countries to valorization and safeguarding which is performed utilizing several types of interventions. Many countries aware of the importance of their heritage in the development of human life, are currently concerned with their inhabitants’ participatory role in conservation. The historic cities in Algeria are not immune to this fact. Nowadays, particular attention is paid to the quality of life in historic Algerian cities which are in continuous transformation. It has become an urgent issue to inquire into the state of these medinas. The aim of this article is to design an analysis grid of habitability for these historical cities in order to interpret the quality of life, as well as the understanding of the man-made quest for ideal livability. The adopted methodology is divided into two parts: first, making the grid and second, its projection and analysis. Application of the grid requires very diverse data and a field of study. For this purpose, several tools were mobilized: a questionnaire survey, field measurements and direct diagnosis. For a positive outcome to the research, fieldwork is essential. This is the case study of the Medina of Mostaganem.	[ { "display_name": "Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764720785", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4376610500	Impact of legislative precision in the management of the Casbah	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Arab Emirates", "display_name": "University of Sharjah", "id": "https://openalex.org/I29891158", "lat": 25.33737, "long": 55.41206, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Farah Hadji", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091947963" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Arab Emirates", "display_name": "University of Sharjah", "id": "https://openalex.org/I29891158", "lat": 25.33737, "long": 55.41206, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Zaki Aslan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5088754474" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Algeria", "display_name": "University of Algiers 3", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210107086", "lat": 36.760227, "long": 2.986646, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Quenza Bougherira", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091947964" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Arab Emirates", "display_name": "University of Sharjah", "id": "https://openalex.org/I29891158", "lat": 25.33737, "long": 55.41206, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Emad Mushtaha", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5008479244" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Legislature", "id": "https://openalex.org/C83009810" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Plan (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776505523" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Architecture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123657996" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2152983150", "https://openalex.org/W4282009826" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376610500	Abstract The historic centre of Algiers ( Casbah ) presents a state of severe decay. Laws and legislative measures have been promulgated in the past three decades to provide an adequate framework for the conservation of the old city. This paper investigates the law and subsequent legal instruments used in heritage management and the impact of legislative provisions on the management of the living historic centre of the Casbah of Algiers. Before the issuance of Algerian Law n°98–04 relating to the protection of cultural heritage, the role of the various entities managing the Casbah was rather unclear. This law provides more details about the structure of urban heritage management. Additionally, a new heritage protection tool came into existence (the PPSMVSS, i.e., the Permanent Plan for Safeguarding and Enhancement of the Safeguarded Sector). Difficulties encountered in the field concerning the application of legislative tools caused considerable delays in preservation actions on the ground. This paper provides an analysis of the contradictions between text enforcement and conservation plans to understand the main reasons that led to the degradation of the historic area. Accordingly, the paper proposes a number of solutions to be implemented by the Algerian authorities.	[ { "display_name": "Built Heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/S3035434843", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2769247149	The pilgrimage to the mausoleum of Sidi Shaykh.	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tahar Abbou", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031726284" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Pilgrimage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779448473" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Pilgrim", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779385240" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Sufism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779669244" }, { "display_name": "Convention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Gautama Buddha", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524757792" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Religious studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24667770" }, { "display_name": "Buddhism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75699723" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2769247149	<title>Abstract</title> This chapter discusses various theories of Sufism and describes the pilgrimage to the Mausoleum of Sidi Shaykh, a yearly celebration that takes place in the Algerian West Saharan Atlas region. In Islam, such a pilgrimage is not looked upon favourably by some clerics. Hardliners believe contact between the people and Allah should be undertaken directly, without intermediaries like the Sufi saints. The chapter traces the origins of this pilgrimage, its evolution, the practices and rituals it involves, and recent challenges and international recognition via the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.	[ { "display_name": "CABI eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462985", "type": "ebook platform" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4242797912	ALGERIA: Safeguarding Jobs	[]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Citation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778805511" }, { "display_name": "Library science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242797912	Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 50, Issue 7 p. 20049A-20050A Policy and Practice ALGERIA: Safeguarding Jobs First published: 05 September 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.05281.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume50, Issue7September 2013Pages 20049A-20050A RelatedInformation	[ { "display_name": "Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series", "id": "https://openalex.org/S946020915", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4362684316	Learning from the past: old and new ksour in the M’Zab Valley (Algeria)	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Italy", "display_name": "University of Florence", "id": "https://openalex.org/I45084792", "lat": 43.77925, "long": 11.24626, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Cheima Azil", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5047815066" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Margherita Vicario", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003689703" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Threatened species", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24518262" }, { "display_name": "Settlement (finance)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777063073" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Natural (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776608160" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Universal value", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778375133" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Anthropic principle", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86580146" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Habitat", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185933670" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "World Wide Web", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Theoretical physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33332235" }, { "display_name": "Payment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362684316	Most World Heritage Sites in the Maghreb region are threatened by numerous natural and anthropic hazards, the latter usually due to complex economic, social and cultural dynamics. Because of changes in ways of life and housing models, traditional building cultures are often not recognised by inhabitants as heritage and are becoming unable to resist the spread of modern standardised technologies. These changes put at risk the conservation status and consequently the Outstanding Universal Value of the sites. The World Heritage Site of the M'Zab Valley in Algerian desert is a rare example of the preservation of both tangible and intangible dimensions of heritage and their transmission to new generations through the construction of the new settlement of Tafilalt, built interpreting the traditional techniques. The contribution analyses the case of the M'Zab Valley in order to show the role of community involvement in safeguarding the authenticity and integrity of this World Heritage Site.	[ { "display_name": "Restauro Archeologico", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4387280689", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4324118243	Editorial Issue 2/2022: The Heritage of Water-Related Infrastructures and Governance	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "lat": 52.00667, "long": 4.35556, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Carola Hein", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067937873" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Hilde Sennema", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5014365481" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "lat": 52.00667, "long": 4.35556, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Matteo D’Agostino", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5083525546" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "lat": 52.00667, "long": 4.35556, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Carlien Donkor", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5054285250" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "lat": 52.00667, "long": 4.35556, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Queenie Lin", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5004038858" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Injustice", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777266375" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Downstream (manufacturing)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776207758" }, { "display_name": "Harm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777363581" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Upstream (networking)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C191172861" }, { "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Telecommunications", "id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Cartography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" } ]	[ "Algeria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4324118243	Humans have shaped water in all its forms and functions over time; they have controlled water through infrastructures, institutions and legislations. Many of the decisions made have benefited individuals, communities and nations; but many have also created new forms of injustice, making water the epicenter of societal issues and conflict from time past. Upstream and downstream com- munities have long been in conflict about the amount of water shared, its cleanliness or its use. Providing drinking water to some can mean cutting off others; creating dams to generate energy or store water may prevent fish from migrating. Building dikes can protect some people and put others in harm’s way. Institutions can protect and guide the functioning of water systems through laws and regulations. Innovations in technology, economic setup or political structure can lead to transformations of infrastructures and to an imbalance with the institutional system. As infrastructures grow beyondinstitutional boundaries (including national boundaries), planning control is often lacking. Once established, infrastructures and institutions can also delay change. Watersheds, for example, are often controlled by multiple institutions and therefore are not holistically regulated. Large-scale systems, moreover, often take away the agency of local groups and their access to water. Climate change intensifies the challenges presented by historical path dependencies. With momentum building to achieve goals and targets by 2030, we must carefully assess governing laws, policies and institutions with an eye to their role in solving (or impeding) today’s water-related problems. The second issue of Blue Papers focuses on relationships between infrastructure, governance sys- tems and regulations. Authors from diverse disciplines and geographical backgrounds explore the multiple ways in which legislation and water rights relate to traditional water systems and local water cultures. The challenges of water management are also reflected in those of heritage gov- ernance. In the heritage field, the themes of nature and culture are separated, making it difficult to address the fields of water and heritage comprehensively. Given the interdependencies and con- flicting interests of different stakeholders involved, we need a shared vision, (re)connecting water and heritage sectors so human and non-human actors can contribute to a sustainable tomorrow. Jacqueline Vel, Tody Sasmitha Jiwa Utama, Hertasning Ichlas and Adriaan Bedner open up part I with reflections on the ways in which past legislation threatens traditional water management systems, such as the rice terraces in Indonesia. Questions of water rights are also at the heart of Rutgerd Boelens’ “Riverhood” project, in which he explores the disenfranchisement of local water cultures and proposes new forms of justice in water management. Karim Nawaz argues for the recognition of spate irrigation as a sustainable irrigation system and for including it in educational programs. Maria Estefania Gioia exposes the institutional divide in World Heritage discourses to show the rift created by the division between natural and cultural heritage. Chris Underwood dis- cusses the need for proper management of underwater cultural heritage. Frans Wijsen concludes part I by showing how religious institutions can hinder, but also help sustainable heritage and water management. The methodologies and case studies in part II present tested and working examples. Sara Ahmed and Sukrit Sen propose heritage as leverage for better governance to water, through virtual exhibi- tions and education about water objects and practices. Ana Maria Fernandez Maldonado, Marcin Dąbrowski, Kasia Piskorek and Wout van den Toorn Vrijthoff similarly propose an ecosystem ap- proach, especially as a tool to create common ground and start multi-stakeholder negotiation and planning. Historical water systems can still be relevant, as illustrated by Catalina Rey-Hernández and Inge Bobbink in their article on the floating agriculture of the Chinampas in Mexico. Similarly, Said Madani provides insights into the contemporary relevance of ancient irrigation systems – and their connected governance structures – in the Algerian desert. The case studies of Maria Estefa- nia Gioia, Gül Aktürk and Sara Berahman make clear how natural phenomena are interconnected with cultural objects and practices and they argue for improved governance tools to be able to protect and preserve vulnerable water heritage. Jonathan Doe’s account complements this line ofthinking with a case in which local “knowledge holders” were sidelined in wetland management. Javier Lizarzaburu similarly presents an ancient traditional water system, decolonizing narratives that obscured the indigenous role in its creation. Nanco Dolman closes this issue with another example of proper collaboration for new natural heritage. Together, these articles demonstrate the need for a rethinking of “hidden designers”: the legal and institutional frameworks in which water is managed. They call for bridging divides between nature and culture, and between “top down” and “bottom up” governance. It is crucial to be able to nego- tiate the sometimes contrasting values and interests in water management: to preserve and to develop, to build economically viable structures and to protect vulnerable water structures, and to make global decisions with local cultures and interests in mind. The new concepts and methods proposed in this issue help us connect past objects and structures to sustainable water futures.	[ { "display_name": "Blue Papers", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4387287551", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4247687735	The Hillary Doctrine	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Valerie M. Hudson", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091663260" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Patricia Leidl", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5036099859" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Swanee Hunt", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5086736242" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Doctrine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776211767" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Foreign policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93377909" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "China", "id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318" }, { "display_name": "Rhetoric", "id": "https://openalex.org/C1370556" }, { "display_name": "National security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C528167355" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "National interest", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780932887" }, { "display_name": "Adversary", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41065033" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Statistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia", "Yemen" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4247687735	Abstract Hillary Rodham Clinton is the first Secretary of State to declare the subjugation of women worldwide a serious threat to U.S. national security. Known as the Hillary Doctrine, her stance was made part of the 2010 Quadrennial Diplomatic and Development Review of U.S. foreign policy, formally committing America to the proposition that the empowerment of women is a stabilizing force for domestic and international peace. Blending history, fieldwork, theory, and policy analysis while incorporating perspectives from officials and activists on the front lines of implementation, this book investigates the Hillary Doctrine in principle and practice. Does the insecurity of women make nations less secure? How has the doctrine changed the foreign policy of the United States and altered its relationship with other countries, such as China and Mexico? With specific studies of Guatemala, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, this invaluable policy text closes the gap between rhetoric and reality, confronting head-on what the future of fighting such an entrenched enemy entails. It reports directly on the work being done by U.S. government agencies, including the Office of Global Women's Issues, established by Clinton during her tenure at the State Department, and explores the complexity and pitfalls of attempting to improve the lives of women while safeguarding the national interest.	[]
https://openalex.org/W4387338668	Awareness and Attitude of Parents and Caregivers Regarding Harmful Traditional Medical Practices Towards Children in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Youssef A. Alqahtani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5048752568" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ayed A. Shati", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5041397548" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Reem T Alalyani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092365365" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Taghreed Alolah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093001768" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Maymunah Alshahrani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000775704" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ghufran Asiri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092239448" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Afnan M Alneami", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093001769" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Faisal Asiri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5028833094" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Shahd K Abumilha", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093001770" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Atheer Alshahrani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031438537" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Family medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662" }, { "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440" }, { "display_name": "Scrutiny", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776050585" }, { "display_name": "Massage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175259745" }, { "display_name": "Medical education", "id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671" }, { "display_name": "Environmental health", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Pathology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1992310591", "https://openalex.org/W2044186731", "https://openalex.org/W2116223707", "https://openalex.org/W2342805349", "https://openalex.org/W2802746826", "https://openalex.org/W2895713812", "https://openalex.org/W2912036932", "https://openalex.org/W3012094642", "https://openalex.org/W3012846539", "https://openalex.org/W3014556227", "https://openalex.org/W3166817228", "https://openalex.org/W3183467288", "https://openalex.org/W3204092904", "https://openalex.org/W4200535791", "https://openalex.org/W4283009875", "https://openalex.org/W4284702178", "https://openalex.org/W4293221344", "https://openalex.org/W4296197958", "https://openalex.org/W4307930388" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387338668	Traditional medicine has potential benefits, but distinguishing safe from risky procedures is crucial for safeguarding children's health. Harmful practices in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia, deeply rooted in cultural heritage, require scrutiny of parental attitudes and awareness.The study aims to investigate and analyze the awareness, attitudes, and associated factors contributing to Harmful Traditional Medical Practices towards children in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia.This study employed a cross-sectional design, using an online survey to collect data via a structured questionnaire developed from an extensive literature review on harmful traditional child medical practices in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia.The study found that most respondents were aged 41-49 years (42.4%), lived in cities (77%), had at least an undergraduate degree (50.1%), and favored traditional medicine (55.9%). Common traditional medicine choices included "Herbs" (28.4%) and "Belly massage" (27.6%). Age significantly affected treatment preferences, while "Place of Resident" and "Education Level" hinted at potential differences. Personal experiences (37.2%) and family networks (31.4%) were key sources of information. Logistic regression analysis uncovered intricate links between sociodemographic and traditional medicine practices. Respondents' views on "Awareness", "Effectiveness", and "Complications" demonstrated notable statistical significance, influencing parents' and caregivers' perspectives in the study.The study's outcomes underscore the imperative for heightened awareness and education concerning the potential hazards and complications tied to harmful traditional medical practices among parents and caregivers in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia, particularly with regard to their children's well-being. The evident inclination towards traditional medicine, reliance on personal experiences and familial networks for healthcare insights, and reservations regarding contemporary medical approaches underline the significance of addressing cultural beliefs.	[ { "display_name": "International Journal of General Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/S123199335", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2091692497	Issuing Interim Measures in Arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohamed Fahmi Ghazwi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5042700500" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Ahmad Masum", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5083957931" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Nurli Yaacob", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5063073162" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Interim", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776957806" }, { "display_name": "Arbitration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C160151201" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Dispute resolution", "id": "https://openalex.org/C131676636" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W437377470", "https://openalex.org/W612346940", "https://openalex.org/W657271506", "https://openalex.org/W1542846351", "https://openalex.org/W1558475509", "https://openalex.org/W1590087399", "https://openalex.org/W1983142435", "https://openalex.org/W2260201435", "https://openalex.org/W2580038205" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091692497	An interim measure is, broadly speaking, a remedy or a relief that is aimed at safeguarding the rights of parties to a dispute pending its final resolution. The paper aims to provide a clarification to the Arbitration law in Saudi Arabia focusing mainly on the issue of the issuing of interim measures in arbitration by identifying the process stages under the Saudi Arbitration Law 2012. This paper discusses the issuing of interim measure in international arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through identification of laws, process and procedure in the issuance of interim measures in arbitration proceedings. Two major research strategies are adopted in this study, which are, qualitative and analysis based on exploratory approach for process of issuing interim measures in arbitration. Data were collected from libraries and published reports as well as interviews conducted with judges and arbitrators in Saudi Arabia. This paper challenges the argument of issuing interim measures by showing the process and the mechanism used in Saudi Arabia. The researchers explored the missing issues of the law related to the issue of interim measures in international arbitration in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the standards of issuing the interim measures.	[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764374755", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2989160457	The impact of the Shari'ah on foreign direct investment and arbitration : the case of Saudi Arabia and its Vision 2030	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "A. Alfatta", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002322269" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Arbitration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C160151201" }, { "display_name": "Interpretation (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C527412718" }, { "display_name": "Extant taxon", "id": "https://openalex.org/C178300618" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Law and economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C190253527" }, { "display_name": "Dispute resolution", "id": "https://openalex.org/C131676636" }, { "display_name": "Enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834" }, { "display_name": "Foreign direct investment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695" }, { "display_name": "Alternative dispute resolution", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139997747" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2989160457	This study seeks to determine whether the government of Saudi Arabia, in promoting its Vision 2030 project, can strike a balance between safeguarding the Kingdom’s Islamic heritage and protecting the interests of foreign investors in Saudi Arabia. Following a critical review of the extant literature, it establishes that the government has been unable so far to achieve that delicate balance because of the rigid interpretation of the Shari’ah by traditionalist and anti-Western (anti-international) doctrinaire scholars who became prominent after ‘the closing of the gates of ijtihad’ (independent reasoning). The study also establishes that the Shari’ah has been fundamentally flexible from the earliest times, and that early Muslims embraced free trade, and preferred arbitration as dispute resolution mechanism without gender bias. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that the rigid interpretation subsequently imposed by doctrinaire conservatives explains why the use of the Shari’ah to settle disputes constitutes an obstacle to FDI in Saudi Arabia. In order to test the hypothesis and achieve the research aim, a mixed methods approach is employed that involves both doctrinal and empirical methods. The latter is used because the Shari’ah is not codified and courts are not required to comply with any precedent, making it difficult to predict outcomes either in Saudi courts or in arbitral tribunals, wherever in the world arbitrators sit. The study reveals that although the rigid interpretation and application of the Shari’ah is an obstacle to FDI, the Hanbali fiqh should be interpreted and applied in a flexible manner in regard to commercial matters, including international commercial arbitration. Moreover, other Schools of Jurisprudence, such as the Hanafi, are much more flexible than the Hanbali School of Jurisprudence. As such, it is important to determine whether judges and arbitrators in Saudi Arabia, and arbitrators sitting outside Saudi Arabia, may refer to a Sunni School of Jurisprudence other than the Hanbali School in order to invoke another interpretation of the Shari’ah that is more advantageous to trade and investment in Saudi Arabia. This is in line with the istihsan principle that enables Islamic judges to choose more equitable solutions where a literal interpretation of the Quranic verses may not promote the public good, or may cause a detriment to the general public in Saudi Arabia.	[]
https://openalex.org/W2801861074	The board of directors in listed companies under the corporate governance system in Saudi law as compared to English law and global standards	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Khalid Alamri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5045326330" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Legislation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106" }, { "display_name": "Corporate law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C25253098" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Shareholder", "id": "https://openalex.org/C120757647" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834" }, { "display_name": "Stakeholder", "id": "https://openalex.org/C201305675" }, { "display_name": "Companies Act", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777637287" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2801861074	Saudi Arabia has a unique environment in terms of its political, economic, legal and judicial aspects which have some anomalous characteristics that create challenges for corporate governance. Further challenges are presented by the current structure of listed companies and by Saudi Arabia’s Vision for 2030.1 This environment significantly influences the role of the board of directors in listed companies and increases its role in safeguarding the interests of different shareholders and stakeholders. This thesis reviews the new legislation relating to corporate governance in Saudi Arabia in relation to the board of directors in listed companies and the extent to which such legislation affects its relationships with the main parties in the company. It defines the major features of the new Saudi Law of Companies, issued in 2015, and the new Corporate Governance Regulation, issued in 2017. The thesis deals with all of the relevant changes in the new law and regulations. It also clarifies the extent of the improvement in corporate governance resulting from the new legislation and those aspects related to the thesis that require further reform by suggesting more details, flexibility or enforcement to meet the standards of corporate governance. It uses a comparative study with both English law and global standards and assesses the compatibility of Saudi legislation with them in this respect in a manner that suits the particularities of the legal and economic environment in Saudi Arabia. The thesis explores the main theories and the most prominent models of corporate governance that affect the role of the board of directors. It discusses the composition of the board of directors, including the diversity of board membership, structure and models as well as the provisions for shadow directors. It also covers the relationship of the board of directors with the AGM, board meetings, company committees, company auditors, stakeholders and - in particular - employees.	[]
https://openalex.org/W4381252329	IoT Adoption Model for E-Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Saudi Electronic University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I120238654", "lat": 24.691492, "long": 46.70806, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Javed Ali", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5024737195" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Malaysia", "display_name": "University of Technology Malaysia", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4576418", "lat": 1.559167, "long": 103.64139, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Syed Hamid Hussain Madni", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5052977580" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "Aligarh Muslim University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I171210897", "lat": 27.91737, "long": 78.07785, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mohd Shamim Ilyas Jahangeer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092207447" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "Aligarh Muslim University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I171210897", "lat": 27.91737, "long": 78.07785, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mohammad Danish", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5049159387" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Higher education", "id": "https://openalex.org/C120912362" }, { "display_name": "Nexus (standard)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C148609458" }, { "display_name": "Usability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C170130773" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Preparedness", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777042776" }, { "display_name": "Attendance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778173179" }, { "display_name": "Knowledge management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Human–computer interaction", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107457646" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Embedded system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C149635348" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1753293145", "https://openalex.org/W1981901472", "https://openalex.org/W2046285649", "https://openalex.org/W2068945916", "https://openalex.org/W2092641619", "https://openalex.org/W2130873666", "https://openalex.org/W2152458216", "https://openalex.org/W2529883126", "https://openalex.org/W2765411697", "https://openalex.org/W2784057866", "https://openalex.org/W2886699977", "https://openalex.org/W2912455175", "https://openalex.org/W2921790575", "https://openalex.org/W2940914837", "https://openalex.org/W2946190791", "https://openalex.org/W3009361603", "https://openalex.org/W3013756430", "https://openalex.org/W3025966183", "https://openalex.org/W3030768883", "https://openalex.org/W3045426697", "https://openalex.org/W3084901220", "https://openalex.org/W3127153630", "https://openalex.org/W3129920232", "https://openalex.org/W3135964389", "https://openalex.org/W3201928135", "https://openalex.org/W4206984553", "https://openalex.org/W4210282192", "https://openalex.org/W4210536180", "https://openalex.org/W4211201778", "https://openalex.org/W4213222254", "https://openalex.org/W4224282503", "https://openalex.org/W4224304475", "https://openalex.org/W4225377895", "https://openalex.org/W4246883770", "https://openalex.org/W4255417111", "https://openalex.org/W4280528774", "https://openalex.org/W4281675004", "https://openalex.org/W4282035858", "https://openalex.org/W4283583111", "https://openalex.org/W4284961661", "https://openalex.org/W4284974382", "https://openalex.org/W4285012172", "https://openalex.org/W4293912761", "https://openalex.org/W4294626445", "https://openalex.org/W4297054231", "https://openalex.org/W4297896175", "https://openalex.org/W4298002474", "https://openalex.org/W4306399145", "https://openalex.org/W4311783145", "https://openalex.org/W4313175278", "https://openalex.org/W4313328704", "https://openalex.org/W4313342996", "https://openalex.org/W4313373041", "https://openalex.org/W4313527006", "https://openalex.org/W4313587369", "https://openalex.org/W4315570235", "https://openalex.org/W4315780947", "https://openalex.org/W4315786285", "https://openalex.org/W4315853325", "https://openalex.org/W4315927839", "https://openalex.org/W4316372454", "https://openalex.org/W4316506188", "https://openalex.org/W4318047140", "https://openalex.org/W4318587486", "https://openalex.org/W4318707231", "https://openalex.org/W4319598467", "https://openalex.org/W4319844755", "https://openalex.org/W4321254244", "https://openalex.org/W4321373665", "https://openalex.org/W4322620053", "https://openalex.org/W4322765632", "https://openalex.org/W4324057261", "https://openalex.org/W4324143490", "https://openalex.org/W4327927425", "https://openalex.org/W4360596139", "https://openalex.org/W4360980141", "https://openalex.org/W4362473171", "https://openalex.org/W4367155677" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381252329	The realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), while continually transforming as a novel paradigm in the nexus of technology and education, still contends with numerous obstacles that hinder its incorporation into higher education institutions’ (HEIs) e-learning platforms. Despite substantial strides in IoT utilization from industrialized nations—the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and China serving as prime exemplars—the scope of its implementation in developing countries, notably Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, lags behind. A significant gap exists in research centered on the trajectory of IoT integration within e-learning systems of economically disadvantaged nations. Specifically, this study centers on Saudi Arabia to illuminate the main factors catalyzing or encumbering IoT uptake within its HEIs’ e-learning sector. As a preliminary step, this research has embarked on an exhaustive dissection of prior studies to unearth critical variables implicated in the IoT adoption process. Subsequently, we employed an inferential methodology, amassing data from 384 respondents in Saudi Arabian HEIs. Our examination divulges that usability, accessibility, technical support, and individual proficiencies considerably contribute to the rate of IoT incorporation. Furthermore, our data infer that financial obstacles, self-efficacy, interactive capability, online surveillance, automated attendance tracking, training programs, network and data safeguarding measures, and relevant tools significantly influence IoT adoption. Contrarily, factors such as accessibility, internet quality, infrastructure preparedness, usability, privacy concerns, and faculty support appeared to have a negligible impact on the adoption rates within HEIs. This research culminates in offering concrete recommendations to bolster IoT integration within Saudi Arabian HEIs, presenting valuable insights for government entities, policy architects, and HEIs to address the hurdles associated with IoT implementation in the higher education sector.	[ { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/S10134376", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2942778223	Safeguarding the Information Systems in an Organization through Different Technologies, Policies, and Actions	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Hend Khalid Alkahtani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5058485751" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Information security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C527648132" }, { "display_name": "Information security standards", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139547956" }, { "display_name": "Workforce", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778139618" }, { "display_name": "Information system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C180198813" }, { "display_name": "Information security management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C148976360" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Security policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C154908896" }, { "display_name": "Information systems security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2988319471" }, { "display_name": "Knowledge management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Security system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2984192347" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Security information and event management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C103377522" }, { "display_name": "Security service", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29983905" }, { "display_name": "Management information systems", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29848774" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C184842701" }, { "display_name": "Network security policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C117110713" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C79974875" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Operating system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1602619638", "https://openalex.org/W1988456457", "https://openalex.org/W2018125809", "https://openalex.org/W2071318899", "https://openalex.org/W2097694607", "https://openalex.org/W2140094026", "https://openalex.org/W2146893100", "https://openalex.org/W2460744371", "https://openalex.org/W2462796258", "https://openalex.org/W2476525859", "https://openalex.org/W2791432064", "https://openalex.org/W2962734519" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2942778223	Background: Information system use has substantially increased among the organization based on its effective integration of the resources and improved performance. The increasing reliance on the information system serves as a great security threat for the firms. Objective: The study intends to evaluate the security of the information system in the organization located in the region of Saudi Arabia, concerning the user&rsquo;s awareness level. Methods: The quantitative design of the study is adopted which uses the survey approach. A close-ended questionnaire is used for evaluating the awareness level among the individuals. A total of 109 participants (males and females) in the Saudi Company were recruited for the study. Results: Despite the implementation of the policy, employees were unaware of it. The study highlights that the development of the firm&rsquo;s information security policy requires the firm to make employees aware of the significance of the information security. Conclusion: The study concludes that the organization needs to educate the workforce of the information security policy and develop their necessary understanding of the information security system. This allows the employees to identify and report security threats and risks which helps in the improvement of information security awareness.	[ { "display_name": "Computer and Information Science", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764452479", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4321837688	money saving purpose And its impact on the Saudi implementation system	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mashhour Alharthy", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039894287" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Sharia", "id": "https://openalex.org/C168702047" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Harm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777363581" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Meaning (existential)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879" }, { "display_name": "Creditor", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159091798" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Statutory law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158129432" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Debt", "id": "https://openalex.org/C120527767" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Theology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4321837688	This research discusses a necessary objective of Islamic Sharia, which is: the objective of preserving money, and shows its impact on one of the most important judicial systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is: the Saudi implementation system After its introduction, the research was divided into four sections and a conclusion. The first topic is about the meaning of the purposes of Sharia in general and its most prominent divisions. The second topic clarified the meaning of the purpose of saving money and proving the intention of Sharia for it. The third topic provided an overview of the Saudi implementation system. The fourth topic showed the impact of the purpose of saving money on the Saudi implementation system and its implementing regulations. Among the most important results which were reached: the importance of the purposes of Sharia and its impact on the scientific and practical reality, and Islam’s care for money to preserve it and ward off harm from it, and the impact of the knowledge of the purposes of Sharia in understanding statutory and legal materials. And the most important result is a statement that the Saudi implementation system has come in accordance with the purpose of the Sharia in preserving Money, preventing harm to people’s money, preserving the rights of creditors from trespassing or neglecting them, safeguarding property from damage and loss, and imposing precauti§ons for minors’ funds and endowments. One of the most important recommendations of the research: directing researchers to write about Purpose (Makassed Al Shariah) topics and to show their impact on the reality of people and their lives, shedding light on applied research in the science of the purposes of Sharia Purpose (Makassed Al Shariah), paying attention to judicial systems and explaining their reliance on Sharia principles and observed purposes.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210217470", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4387777070	An assessment of cybersecurity performance in the Saudi universities: A Total Quality Management approach	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I142608572", "lat": 24.15541, "long": 47.33457, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Tahani Abdullah Abdurhman Alhumud", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093092669" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I142608572", "lat": 24.15541, "long": 47.33457, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Australia", "display_name": "Australian National University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I118347636", "lat": -35.28346, "long": 149.12807, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdulfattah Omar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031983184" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I142608572", "lat": 24.15541, "long": 47.33457, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Egypt", "display_name": "Mansoura University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I159247623", "lat": 31.03637, "long": 31.38069, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Waheed M. A. Altohami", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5076313663" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Quality (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Epistemology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W324885528", "https://openalex.org/W407221339", "https://openalex.org/W1971760694", "https://openalex.org/W2081430061", "https://openalex.org/W2204032447", "https://openalex.org/W2517668060", "https://openalex.org/W2621076996", "https://openalex.org/W2890922662", "https://openalex.org/W2915446580", "https://openalex.org/W2942307240", "https://openalex.org/W2978870947", "https://openalex.org/W3007290235", "https://openalex.org/W3010489147", "https://openalex.org/W3015762016", "https://openalex.org/W3022944079", "https://openalex.org/W3024340288", "https://openalex.org/W3028069824", "https://openalex.org/W3110527272", "https://openalex.org/W3119729076", "https://openalex.org/W3141125177", "https://openalex.org/W3156860082", "https://openalex.org/W3159994884", "https://openalex.org/W3178039307", "https://openalex.org/W3186795874", "https://openalex.org/W3194771168", "https://openalex.org/W3203893581", "https://openalex.org/W4206805723", "https://openalex.org/W4210366531", "https://openalex.org/W4214546388", "https://openalex.org/W4214910665", "https://openalex.org/W4220754586", "https://openalex.org/W4247043938", "https://openalex.org/W4247995773", "https://openalex.org/W4255421271", "https://openalex.org/W4285827321", "https://openalex.org/W4292388443", "https://openalex.org/W4313417292" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387777070	Cybersecurity systems are crucial for safeguarding information assets across various sectors, including government, military, and commercial domains. In Saudi Arabia, cybersecurity has gained significant importance within the national security strategy, resulting in substantial investments in technologies to protect information assets, combat cyber threats, and preserve privacy. In light of Protection Motivation Theory, it is assumed that evaluating the performance of cybersecurity policies and measures (threat appraisal) is vital for their effective implementation (coping appraisal). This study focuses on evaluating the cybersecurity performance of Saudi universities. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study utilizes questionnaires and interviews to collect data. The participants include representatives from 10 Saudi universities, with 107 respondents for the questionnaire phase and 20 participants for the interviews. Diverse job categories and levels within the universities are represented to gather valuable insights from individuals with expertise in cybersecurity and Total Quality Management (TQM) processes. Findings showed that there is room for improvement in the cybersecurity practices of Saudi universities. Only a minority of participants reported regular risk assessments and timely addressing of identified risks. Additionally, participants expressed concerns about the lack of well-defined policies and procedures, insufficient training and awareness programs, and non-compliance with cybersecurity regulations and standards. A significant percentage of participants rated their organization’s cybersecurity performance as average or poor. However, the majority of participants affirmed the importance of cybersecurity in relation to strategic objectives and Total Quality Management. The study stressed the need for comprehensive approaches to cybersecurity, including risk assessment, policy development, training, compliance, and continuous monitoring.	[ { "display_name": "Cogent Education", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764918247", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3176381631	Enhancing Parental Knowledge of Child Safety: An Interventional Educational Campaign	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" } ], "display_name": "Mohamad-Hani Temsah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5079406029" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Fadi Aljamaan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059596430" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ali Alhaboob", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5009003427" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Badr Almosned", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5018209698" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Raghad Alsebail", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5049234377" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Alfaisal University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I134359838", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Reem Temsah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5060969986" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Alfaisal University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I134359838", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdulrahman Senjab", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5010596633" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdurhman S. Al-Arfaj", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038187175" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Talal Aljudi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5085085592" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" } ], "display_name": "Esmaeil Sa", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5037981515" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" } ], "display_name": "Amr Jamal", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5011878584" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Habash Ak", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002791250" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Fahad Alsohime", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5081181600" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khalid Alhasan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062517837" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ayman Al‐Eyadhy", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059448504" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Child safety", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993373114" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Family medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662" }, { "display_name": "Occupational safety and health", "id": "https://openalex.org/C187155963" }, { "display_name": "Perception", "id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Structural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66938386" }, { "display_name": "Pathology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271" }, { "display_name": "Neuroscience", "id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1592370503", "https://openalex.org/W1972062615", "https://openalex.org/W2015942141", "https://openalex.org/W2032721210", "https://openalex.org/W2033387707", "https://openalex.org/W2045241688", "https://openalex.org/W2061205072", "https://openalex.org/W2085560510", "https://openalex.org/W2088977885", "https://openalex.org/W2118933056", "https://openalex.org/W2155274113", "https://openalex.org/W2165531576", "https://openalex.org/W2279870475", "https://openalex.org/W2483348793", "https://openalex.org/W2503756238", "https://openalex.org/W2588946720", "https://openalex.org/W2743318307", "https://openalex.org/W2804969850", "https://openalex.org/W2907741029", "https://openalex.org/W3007910137", "https://openalex.org/W3133305503", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3176381631	Abstract Background Safeguarding children from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With children staying more at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, more educational tools and valid educational programs are warranted to improve parental knowledge and awareness about children’s safety. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of child safety campaigns on parents’ knowledge and attitude towards preventable childhood injuries. Methods This was a pre-post experimental study, in which the pre-designed assessments were used as an evaluation tool before and after attending a Child Safety Campaign. The Pre – Post assessment question included questions to evaluate the socio-demographic status, followed by knowledge questions in line with the current child safety campaign. The outcomes of interest were assessed before and after attending the campaign’s stations. Results Three hundred and eight parents volunteered to participate in this study. Their knowledge score improved from 36.2 (SD 17.7) to 79.3 (SD 15.6) after attending the Child Safety Campaign (t-value= 34.6, p<0.001). Both, perceptions on the preventability of accidents and the parents’ perceived usefulness of educational campaigns showed improvements, with (t-value =6.3, p<0.001) and (t-value= 3.097, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion The educational child safety campaign for caregivers in Saudi Arabia resulted in a significant increase in the overall knowledge and attitudes towards children’s safety. As children are currently staying at home more, additional educational tools and programs are warranted to promote childhood safe practices among parents and caregivers.	[ { "display_name": "medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400573", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4385697002	Geographical Information System Based Spatial and Statistical Analysis of the Green Areas in the Cities of Abha and Bisha for Environmental Sustainability	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "University of Bisha", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210136004", "lat": 20.00054, "long": 42.6052, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khaled Ali Abuhasel", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017179421" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental quality", "id": "https://openalex.org/C70798638" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322" }, { "display_name": "Environmental security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779455057" }, { "display_name": "Spatial planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776873942" }, { "display_name": "Spatial analysis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159620131" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Remote sensing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62649853" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Saudi Arabia" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1949997425", "https://openalex.org/W2054861629", "https://openalex.org/W3045283325", "https://openalex.org/W3080669536", "https://openalex.org/W3165264503", "https://openalex.org/W4285404735", "https://openalex.org/W4310018452", "https://openalex.org/W4365514565", "https://openalex.org/W4366258460" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385697002	This study compares the environmental sustainability of two cities in Saudi Arabia, Abha, and Bisha, through their green spaces, by analyzing green spaces in both cities. And the application of spatial statistics tools in the Arc Map program, to measure the spatial relationship between the green areas depending on the measurement of the location, shape, dimensions and areas, as this distribution is linked to statistical laws leading to the construction of a spatial model for the green areas in the two cities, and among these methods is the spatial average, The central phenomenon, the distribution trend, the standard circle, and finally the neighborhood analysis. The study seeks to recognize the parameters that contribute to environmental sustainability through green spaces. Understanding the effectiveness of green spaces in promoting environmental sustainability is crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions about urban planning and development. Sustainability in the environment is making responsible use of natural resources while also taking measures to safeguard the surrounding area to maintain high standards of environmental quality over the long term. The concept entails the preservation of equilibrium among economic, social, and environmental considerations to guarantee the satisfaction of current societal requirements while safeguarding the capacity of forthcoming generations to fulfill their own necessities. Environmental sustainability is crucial for the well-being of the planet and all living beings that inhabit it. Green spaces play a vital role in environmental sustainability. The provision of green spaces is associated with a multitude of advantages, including but not limited to the mitigation of air and noise pollution, temperature regulation, and enhancement of the overall visual appeal of urban areas. The study employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial statistical analysis to investigate the spatial arrangement of environmental sustainability in the two urban areas. The study also relied on fieldwork, including a questionnaire, to gather data from the residents of the cities. The research study found that the standard distance measures the average distance between each green space and the mean center. In this case, the standard distance indicates how dispersed or clustered the green spaces are around the mean center. A smaller standard distance value suggests that the green spaces are more clustered around the mean center, while a larger value suggests a more dispersed distribution.	[ { "display_name": "ISPRS international journal of geo-information", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764431341", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W1576935264	Legal, Regulatory, Risk, and Operational Framework: Building Investors' Confidence	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Noripah Kamso", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5044837782" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tsu Mae Ng", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5019539988" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Islamic finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2991718497" }, { "display_name": "Credibility", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780224610" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Investment (military)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Financial stability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2992337254" }, { "display_name": "Compliance (psychology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781460075" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Financial system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C73283319" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Social psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Theology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" } ]	[ "Bahrain" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1576935264	Good governance is the key to maintaining the integrity, stability, credibility and growth of Islamic investing. This chapter focuses on the investment and Shariah governance from a regulatory standpoint. It observes how regulatory authorities evolve and come together to address issues related to Islamic finance. The governance of Shariah investment solutions focuses on two areas: investment and Shariah compliance. The authorities are ensuring that all Islamic financial transactions are well addressed in prudential regulations. The chapter illustrates Malaysian framework and Bahrain model as both having common primary objectives that clearly focus on safeguarding the investors' wealth by establishing internationally acceptable regulatory frameworks for Islamic financial transactions.	[]
https://openalex.org/W4285465982	Sharing Responsibility	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "R D Winland", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5050571393" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Responsibility to protect", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776508615" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Blame", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781466463" }, { "display_name": "Hypocrisy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775874189" }, { "display_name": "International law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586" } ]	[ "Yemen", "Syria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285465982	The idea that states share a responsibility to shield people everywhere from atrocities is presently under threat. Despite some early twenty-first century successes, including the 2005 United Nations endorsement of the Responsibility to Protect, the project has been placed into jeopardy due to catastrophes in such places as Syria, Myanmar, and Yemen; resurgent nationalism; and growing global antagonism. This book seeks to diagnose the current crisis in international protection by exploring its long and troubled history. With attention to ethics, law, and politics, the book measures what possibilities remain for protecting people wherever they reside from atrocities, despite formidable challenges in the international arena. With a focus on Western natural law and the European society of states, the book shows that the history of the shared responsibility to protect is marked by courageous efforts, as well as troubling ties to Western imperialism, evasion, and abuse. The project of safeguarding vulnerable populations can undoubtedly devolve into blame shifting and hypocrisy, but can also spark effective burden sharing among nations. The book considers how states should support this responsibility, whether it can be coherently codified in law, the extent to which states have embraced their responsibilities, and what might lead them to do so more reliably in the future. The author of the book wrestles with how countries should care for imperiled people and how the ideal of the responsibility to protect might inspire just behavior in an imperfect and troubled world.	[ { "display_name": "Princeton University Press eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463805", "type": "ebook platform" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3128535091	Surveys and explorations by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Yemen in 1983 -1989. Résumé of the past activity and new research project: archive and publication of the results	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Michael Jung", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5090997356" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": null, "display_name": "Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138708", "lat": null, "long": null, "type": null } ], "display_name": "Khalid Ali al-Ansi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5057135446" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Documentation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56666940" }, { "display_name": "Typology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75795011" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Architecture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123657996" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Visual arts", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607" }, { "display_name": "Library science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]	[ "Yemen" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3128535091	Since 1983, the Italian Archaeological Mission in Yemen (MAIRY) has also included research on the archaeological, architectural and fine arts heritage of the Islamic period in its activities The focus of the Islamic mission was study of Yemeni traditional mosques in order to draw up a precise typology of these unique monuments. In the course of several expeditions, the mission surveyed over 400 monuments. Carrying out photographic and graphic documentation and drawing up plans the team drafted a first preliminary typology of the religious architecture in 1984. Nevertheless, for various reasons, the conclusion of the work and its outcome were never published. After thirty years, the Islamic branch of the Italian archaeological mission has resumed the research. The Italian team, in collaboration with Yemenite experts, is about to arrange, classify and digitalize the huge amount of documents. This documentation will constitute a major contribution to research on and the safeguarding of religious architecture and the Yemeni cultural heritage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.25.2020.11	[ { "display_name": "DISEGNARECON", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306508133", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W941315002	Reducing the human and environmental risks of obsolete pesticides : a GIS-based tool for priority-setting	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abdelaziz Lagnaoui", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5077216609" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Brian Blankespoor", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5034000487" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Craig Meisner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5087271639" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Susmita Dasgupta", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000034313" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Latin Americans", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158886217" }, { "display_name": "Section (typography)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780129039" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Soviet union", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017612487" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Advertising", "id": "https://openalex.org/C112698675" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Tunisia" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W941315002	Obsolete pesticide stocks have accumulated in most of the world's developing countries and economies in transition in recent decades. International organizations estimate that some 500,000 tons are stockpiled worldwide, about half of which are located in countries of the former Soviet Union. Across the African continent, obsolete stocks total about 50,000 tons, while Latin America has at least 30,000 tons. This report includes the following sections: section one includes overview, section two include risk assessment method for priority-setting. Section three includes setting cleanup priorities in Tunisia. Section four includes cleanup and safeguarding highlights in Africa. Finally, section five includes reducing the risk.	[]
https://openalex.org/W2263301080	Water resources development and management in the Republic of the Sudan	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abdeen Mustafa Omer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043036607" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Legislation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Effluent", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147455438" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Water resources", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153823671" }, { "display_name": "Rural area", "id": "https://openalex.org/C129047720" }, { "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Sudan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2263301080	Thirty-four million people live in Sudan, and environmental pollution is a major concern throughout the country; therefore industry, communities, local authorities and central government, to deal with pollution issues, should adopt an integrated approach. Most polluters pay little or no attention to the control and proper management of polluting effluents. This may be reflect lack of enforceable legislation and/or the fear of spending money on the treatment of their effluent prior to discharge. Furthermore, the imposed fines are generally too low and, therefore, do not deter potential offenders. Present resources must be strictly monitored and managed effectively, if further deterioration is to be avoided. Community participation in water management programmes should fully involve women, who play a central role in the provision and safeguarding of water for domestic use in rural areas. The pricing system recognises the economic value of water, as stated in the principles of the policy.	[ { "display_name": "Water and Energy International", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764581409", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2944328712	“Save Archaeology from the Technicians”: Wheeler, World Heritage and Expert Failure at Mohenjodaro	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "Stanford University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "lat": 37.42411, "long": -122.16608, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Lynn Meskell", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039791894" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Ideology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213" }, { "display_name": "Bridge (graph theory)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C100776233" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Internal medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002" } ]	[ "Sudan", "Egypt" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1545236037", "https://openalex.org/W2032678408", "https://openalex.org/W2066627787", "https://openalex.org/W2147029440", "https://openalex.org/W2163630637", "https://openalex.org/W2289254404", "https://openalex.org/W2321434124", "https://openalex.org/W2493426455", "https://openalex.org/W3125495513", "https://openalex.org/W3195181257" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944328712	Abstract: Between the 1960s and 1980s, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched a number of international salvage campaigns at the behest of its member states, the most notable being the Nubian Monuments Campaign. Saving ancient monuments and discovering archaeological sites in Egypt and Sudan was viewed as a landmark in twentieth-century heritage conservation and international co-operation; it was never to be repeated again. Requests for assistance continued, yet the campaigns were configured as conservation missions rather than integrated field projects. In retrospect, this action delimited UNESCO’s goals to bridge education, science, and culture and, ultimately, impacted the potential of cross-cultural dialogue and partnerships afforded by archaeological field research. This article focuses on UNESCO’s International Campaign for the Safeguarding of Moenjodaro (1974–97) and traces the role of experts, both archaeological and hydrological, within UNESCO’s mission. It uncovers the organization’s handling of the monumental challenges and long-term effects of a multimillion-dollar salvage effort. In doing so, the article reveals the early role of prominent archaeologists Mortimer Wheeler and John Otis Brew, the ideological shift at UNESCO from archaeological research to monumentality and preservation, and the tensions that emerged as world heritage was reimagined.	[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Cultural Property", "id": "https://openalex.org/S35662283", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4205644942	Pros and Cons of National Health Insurance Fund in Sudan: A Critical Review	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohamed Awad Mousnad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5027447818" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Critical appraisal", "id": "https://openalex.org/C152541439" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Population", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Environmental health", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440" }, { "display_name": "Pathology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Sudan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205644942	Introduction: National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) is a semi-autonomous and national organization which is politically affiliated to Ministry of labor and social security and Woman and Child Affairs. NHIF is pointing to mitigate the risks of high cost of health services on both the government and population and securing the quality and accessibility of health services. Aim: this review is aiming to identify, and summarize the findings of relevant studies on the factors that affect NHIF in Sudan to be more accessible for decision makers to take a strategic decisions towards the universal health coverage. Methods: a qualitative exploratory analytical study. The study conducted on National Health Insurance Fund in Khartoum State. The study population was composed of the current literature that clarifying the research question. This study used SALSA framework: the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis framework which is a simple framework divides the review process into four main stages: (1) search (2) appraisal (3) synthesis and (4) analysis. Results: One of NHIF strengthen that it has a large coverage of population but it has low utilization of services by subscribers which considered as threat. Safeguarding health service users especially the poor against the implication of the market liberation policy embarked on by the Sudanese government is considered as opportunity to ensure the financial risk protection at NHIF but existence of The Federal Ministry of Finance as the major contributor in financing NHIF is a threat faces NHIF sustainability. Conclusion: This critical review shows that National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) affected by many internal and external favorable and unfavorable factors. Those factors are: strengthens, weaknesses, opportunities, threats of NHIF which should be taken in consideration to achieve universal health coverage.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of quality in health care & economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210231514", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4319942559	Management of Cultural Assets in Sudan from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Japan", "display_name": "Kyoto City Archaeological Research Institute", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088442", "lat": 35.031956, "long": 135.74937, "type": "archive" } ], "display_name": "Naoyo H. Sekihiro", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5071981121" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Sustainable development", "id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Convention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" } ]	[ "Sudan", "Egypt" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4319942559	Nubian heritage sites are situated between the Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter Egypt) and the Republic of the Sudan (hereinafter Sudan). But, the recent tourism and general interests are focused only on the Nubian heritage sites in Egypt. Also, the positive image of Sudan has not yet fully recovered in Japan, although Sudan has been making progress in the post-conflict reconstruction process. This paper aims to make a strong suggestion, from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to treat the Nubian heritage sites both in Egypt and Sudan comprehensively, for which the international campaign to safeguarding monuments in Nubia was launched in the 1960s. This international campaign also influenced the development and adoption of the World Heritage Convention of UNESCO in 1972. The Nubian heritage sites which were moved and reconstructed in the Sudan National Museum in Khartoum should be taken care of equally as those in Egypt in the coming years. SDG 11 “Sustainable cities and communities” has a specific target with the aim to “strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage”. However, Culture has a transversal role to play in achieving all the SDGs. The comprehensive re-presentation of the historical significance of the Nubian heritage sites will motivate the people in Sudan to achieve sustainable development by capitalizing on its rich cultural heritage. The case study presented in this paper may also provide inspirations for other countries and communities in post-conflict situations.	[ { "display_name": "Springer geology", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182022", "type": "book series" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2375877998	The Analysis of the Relations between Sudan and Egypt	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "China", "display_name": "Xi'an Shiyou University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I181903023", "lat": 34.10284, "long": 108.647, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hui Liu", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5029862413" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Ideology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Period (music)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Independence (probability theory)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C35651441" }, { "display_name": "Islamic fundamentalism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780110860" }, { "display_name": "Power (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240" }, { "display_name": "Socialism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C501299471" }, { "display_name": "International relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C34355311" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Economic history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Communism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C542948173" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Statistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Acoustics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656" } ]	[ "Sudan", "Egypt" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2375877998	Since Sudan's independence in 1956,its relations with Egypt has been very complex,and experienced four phases as well as the honeymoon period,cooling period,deteriorating period and modulating period.The reason of the phenomena's emergence lies in the factors of their ideology, and the factors of the international and regional areas at that time,in addition to the state's interests.In 1969,Nimeiry staged a coup and became the leader of the state.Arab socialism pursued by Sudan was similar to Egyptian ideology.In addition,safeguarding the security of the Red Sea and controlling the expansion of the Soviet Union had made their relations as close as brothers.In 1989,Bashir Staged another coup,but the real power was in the hands of the Islamic National Front.The Islamic Fundamentalism pursued by Sudan had deteriorated bilateral relations.After 1997,the objective reality of state's development has forced Sudan to modulate its relations with Egypt.In the long run,Nile is the tie between Sudan and Egypt;Sudan still will keep the special relations with Egypt,because this will be good for these two countries.	[]
https://openalex.org/W3164804195	Safeguarding South Sudan Permanent Constitution-Making Process: A Case for Redesign	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "South Sudan", "display_name": "University of Juba", "id": "https://openalex.org/I192929712", "lat": 4.85165, "long": 31.58247, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Latvia", "display_name": "College of Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090016", "lat": 56.95355, "long": 24.10416, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mading Gum Mading", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5086351275" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Constitution", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427" }, { "display_name": "Process (computing)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Operating system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701" } ]	[ "Sudan" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2136055749", "https://openalex.org/W2213795980", "https://openalex.org/W2789772443", "https://openalex.org/W3123418470", "https://openalex.org/W4238143134" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3164804195	This article examines the permanent constitution-making process in South Sudan. Against the backdrop of the Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) designed process, the permanent constitution is expected to usher in a new democratic constitutional order. Anchored on the influential model of constitution making that gives precedent to public participation and to constituent assembly over other procedural choices, the process risks producing a worst-case outcome because it is vulnerable to both elite capture and explosion of violence. This paper argues that the designed permanent constitution-making process is unrealistic and may result in either authoritarian or unworkable constitution. Lumping together the process with peace accord implementation bludgeons the procedural choices. It makes the process susceptible to elite capture thereby limiting genuine public participation, exacerbating ethnic tensions and producing an unworkable constitution. The South Sudan permanent constitution-making process must transcend ARCSS lifespan, value procedural choices, mitigate ethnic tensions, and safeguard against elite capture.	[ { "display_name": "Social Science Research Network", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2185102298	CONSERVATION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF LIMITED WATER RESOURCES IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS AS ECONOMIC RESOURCES	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abdeen Mustafa Omer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043036607" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Water resources", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153823671" }, { "display_name": "Legislation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Arid", "id": "https://openalex.org/C150772632" }, { "display_name": "Integrated water resources management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C96306036" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Paleontology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Sudan" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W592110925", "https://openalex.org/W1823940542", "https://openalex.org/W2046250154", "https://openalex.org/W2060489116", "https://openalex.org/W3176882924" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2185102298	here are about thirty-four million people living in Sudan, and environmental pollution is a major concern throughout the country; therefore the industries, communities, local authorities and central government has to deal with pollution issues and should adopt an integrated approach. Most polluters pay little or no attention to the control and proper management of polluting effluents. This may reflect lack of enforceable legislation and/or the fear of spending money on the treatment of their effluent prior to discharge. Present resources must be strictly monitored and managed effectively if further deterioration is to be avoided. Community participation in water management programmes should fully involve women, who play a central role in the provision and safeguarding of water for domestic use in the rural areas. The pricing system recognises the economic value of water, as stated in the principles of the policy..	[]
https://openalex.org/W613784051	Sustainable roads for Africa fragile states	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Michele Righi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5075649272" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Nick Gardner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080160420" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Procurement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C201650216" }, { "display_name": "Resilience (materials science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779585090" }, { "display_name": "Sustainable development", "id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447" }, { "display_name": "Agency (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108170787" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Capacity building", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779622097" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Epistemology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855" } ]	[ "Sudan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W613784051	Better roads are essential to enable the free movement of people and goods, access to markets and access to social services, leading to improved security and economic development. No less so in Africa than anywhere else. However, it is not enough just to construct new roads. We need also to ensure that road projects are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable, delivering roads infrastructure that best serves the needs of local communities. Strengthening the planning capacity of local authorities and safeguarding maintenance and operations are central for long-term sustainable development. The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) delivers over $300m of infrastructure per year, primarily in post-conflict and post-disaster environments. In the last four years UNOPS has delivered over 5,900km of sustainable and quality roads in the most challenging areas of Africa, from emergency access for relief supplies in South Sudan to paved and unpaved road networks stimulating economic growth in DR Congo and Liberia, prioritizing close collaboration with governments to build national capacity. As lead UN agency for infrastructure, procurement and project management, UNOPS is at the forefront of innovation and strategy in development and positioned to serve as a key partner to assist governments with sustainable solutions as they address fragility and build resilience.	[]
https://openalex.org/W4205505696	Research Items	[]	[ { "display_name": "Damages", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777381055" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Plaintiff", "id": "https://openalex.org/C97460637" }, { "display_name": "Payment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563" }, { "display_name": "MAGIC (telescope)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777704519" }, { "display_name": "Girl", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778047097" }, { "display_name": "Spouse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777495918" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Wife", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778983918" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636" } ]	[ "Sudan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205505696	The Azande Law of Legitimacy.—Further impressions of the Azando are recorded by Major P. M. Larken in Sudan Notes and Records, vol. 13. Zande law appears to be one of compensation, directed almost entirely to the satisfaction of the individual and, except indirectly, not safeguarding the rights of the community. Death was the punishment for malicious magic and for concealing cases of smallpox, but beyond this, there was no idea of a malefactor suffering for having infringed the law established for the protection of the tribe as a whole. Though for some offences a plaintiff might press for the death penalty, the majority of acts were compoundablo by the payment of damages. A man who wished to marry a girl addressed himself to her father or guardian. The bride-price was twenty spears, which was paid to the father and not to any other member of the family. Children born without payment of spears were illegitimate and, as such, the property of the mother's family. If they were girls, the mother's next-of-kin was entitled to the bride-prico. Any boys among illegitimate children were entitled to their sisters' bride-price, which did not in that case go to the mother's next-of-kin. A payment of only one or two spears was sufficient to legitimise the children, provided the balance was paid fairly quickly. If the father refused to complete payment of the price, the chief would probably order the return of the woman with her children to her family, the father retaining one child in consideration of part payment of the bride-price. The father had a legal right to legitimise his children by paying spears, and his wife's family had no right to refuse. Children of women captives of war, or given in payment of a debt or as presents by a former husband, were legitimate only if their father had paid the bride-prico for their mother.	[ { "display_name": "Nature", "id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2903765658	The Role of the Local Community and Museums in the Renaissance of Syrian Cultural Heritage	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Youssef Kanjou", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5044399443" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Incentive", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "The Renaissance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C52069626" }, { "display_name": "Values", "id": "https://openalex.org/C194229684" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Art history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Microeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787" } ]	[ "Syria" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W59899010", "https://openalex.org/W337543654", "https://openalex.org/W1568332829", "https://openalex.org/W1982887557", "https://openalex.org/W1991238184", "https://openalex.org/W1993441315", "https://openalex.org/W2158101458", "https://openalex.org/W2171168687", "https://openalex.org/W2327893658", "https://openalex.org/W2341933586", "https://openalex.org/W2559375452", "https://openalex.org/W2720940175", "https://openalex.org/W2750936409", "https://openalex.org/W2751362508", "https://openalex.org/W2752664751", "https://openalex.org/W2757244675", "https://openalex.org/W2763817916", "https://openalex.org/W2774563419", "https://openalex.org/W2774910708", "https://openalex.org/W2782947808", "https://openalex.org/W2791311521", "https://openalex.org/W4243960869", "https://openalex.org/W4247210929", "https://openalex.org/W4253166626" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2903765658	Abstract Syrian cultural heritage has suffered great destruction during the recent (and ongoing) conflict, but the response to this damage has been less effective than might be hoped. While the actions of extremists have received great attention in the international press, there are many other reasons that have contributed to this situation, such as the inadequate strategy of the Syrian government to preserve cultural heritage prior to the conflict and poor incentives from national and international authorities. This article researches the role of Syrian local communities in safeguarding their cultural heritage before, during, and after the war and provides a critique of the role of national and international communities. Furthermore, the article presents a proposal to encourage the local community to become a part of the process of protection. Museums have a significant role in distributing knowledge about Syrian heritage through heritage education programs.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764665464", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2797466396	UNESCO Experts’ Meeting on the Safeguarding of Syria’s heritage	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "University of Amsterdam", "id": "https://openalex.org/I887064364", "lat": 52.37403, "long": 4.88969, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Nour A. Munawar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5004225688" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Syria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2797466396	Armed conflicts are one of the primary reasons that endanger heritage and the symbolic value of cultures. Both the protection of cultural legacy and the promotion of the plural interests and identities that intersect and construct heritage in times of war should be reinforced with an effi-ient strategy and effective actions. The unprecedented destruction of renowned cultural heritage sites in Syria has not remained unnoticed. The contentious violations that occurred during the hostilities of Syria’s ongoing conflict have drawn the attention of international organisations such as UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICCROM, and ICOM. Following the constant media reports and aerial photos of heritage destructions in Syria, UNESCO held an experts’ meeting in Berlin to discuss its safeguarding. The meeting was envisioned as a follow-up to the implementation of the UNESCO action plan for the Emergency Safeguarding of Syria’s Cultural Heritage (UNESCO 2014). The three-day conference (2 - 4 June 2016) aimed to continue the work of the 2014 Paris conference, supported by the three-year EU-funded project on the Emergency Safeguarding of the Syrian Cultural Heritage.	[ { "display_name": "Ex Novo", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210212619", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4376874251	Exploring reasons for divergent local communities’ responses to antiquities preservation during conflict in the northwest of Syria – 2014-2023	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "Birkbeck, University of London", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98259816", "lat": 51.50853, "long": -0.12574, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Adnan Almohamad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5053609241" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Husam Al Saad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091964938" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Turkey", "display_name": "Gaziantep University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I59738393", "lat": 37.05944, "long": 37.3825, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ibrahim Ali", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5022441112" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" } ]	[ "Syria" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W337543654", "https://openalex.org/W1981047966", "https://openalex.org/W1993441315", "https://openalex.org/W2256956636", "https://openalex.org/W2290058818", "https://openalex.org/W2461918103", "https://openalex.org/W2552712570", "https://openalex.org/W2720940175", "https://openalex.org/W2745646258", "https://openalex.org/W2750936409", "https://openalex.org/W2774910708", "https://openalex.org/W2783224103", "https://openalex.org/W2885876265", "https://openalex.org/W2905487827", "https://openalex.org/W2913257749", "https://openalex.org/W2955110722", "https://openalex.org/W3215987415", "https://openalex.org/W4220846754", "https://openalex.org/W4312323356", "https://openalex.org/W4319714518" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376874251	The grave damage to Syrian antiquities inflicted during the war has demonstrated the failure of international organizations and cultural agreements to protect antiquities in Syria and highlighted the divergent attitudes of Syrians themselves regarding their antiquities. Initiatives were undertaken in some areas to safeguard antiquities, but were lacking in others, and some Syrians were themselves involved in plundering and destruction actions. This paper aims to identify the reasons for such stark differences in local communities’ responses to safeguarding Syrian antiquities. A total of 46 semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents of Idlib and northern rural Aleppo, including local archaeologists. The study demonstrated differences between the two areas regarding knowledge and attitudes and revealed that a range of factors led to clear differences in the responses of the local communities in Idlib and those of northern rural Aleppo regarding antiquities protection. Some factors were anticipated, such as the impact of war, the security situation, and the deteriorating economic situation, while new factors have been identified. Understanding the local attitudes to antiquities, including the reasons for its protection or destruction, will support plans for enhancing the role of local communities in preserving their antiquities during the conflict.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Social Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/S184546072", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2612291343	Syrian cultural heritage documentation and conservation	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Maria Laura Moretti", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5018678181" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Francesca Quenda", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5083016438" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Documentation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56666940" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]	[ "Syria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2612291343	More than five years of civil war, more than 500,000 dead, millions of refugees and displaced persons, the social and economic structure of a country is destroyed. This is the synthesis of the conflict devastating Syria and of which are still unable to see a conclusion as possible. In this terrible conflict exists however also another victim, for now almost forgotten and ignored: the enormous archaeological and cultural heritage, that the country possesses and, in some way, protected. The project to protect and save the tangible cultural heritage of Syria described in this thesis has its origins in a proposal made by some of the authors during the CIPA executive board meeting in CIPA's current aim is to set up a platform for information sharing focused on sites and monuments to protect and preserve the cultural heritage of Syria. The purpose of this thesis is to propose the communication of cultural heritage, through the perspective of the restoration, as a preferred language for more effective communication, with the aim of improving the development processes of heritage and conservation. The structure of the thesis aims to develop new perspectives in the field of cultural communication. More specifically, the research is oriented to investigating the role of issues of conservation as a matter of communication for the improvement of heritage safeguarding and protection.	[]
https://openalex.org/W3015701761	RUSSIAN’S PROVING GROUND IN SYRIA	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Poland", "display_name": "Military Institute of Armament Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I176883796", "lat": 52.308388, "long": 21.09593, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Jarosław Nawrotek", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5032058568" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Dozen", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185181809" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Russian federation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3019953208" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Aeronautics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C178802073" }, { "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Operations research", "id": "https://openalex.org/C42475967" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Regional science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Arithmetic", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94375191" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Machine learning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082" } ]	[ "Syria" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3015701761	Mission of the Russian Federation Armed Forces in Syria is their biggest foreign military operation of current times. It became a form of evaluation of combat efficiency for different forces and troops. Moreover, the Russian Army could check the newest types of used munitions in combat conditions. Leading a combat operation far beyond the borders of own territory can be used for evaluation of the overall system safeguarding the combat operations theatre, and especially the logistics. What is more, the combat experience acquired by a few dozen thousand soldiers is also a priceless value for the army.	[ { "display_name": "Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia i Radiolokacji", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210177923", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3007579476	Towards Protecting Critical National Assets and Preparedness for Response to Hazardous Chemical, Biological and Radiological Attacks	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "Saveetha University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I85461943", "lat": 13.028276, "long": 80.01574, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Rakesh Kumar Sharma", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5082386396" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Shilpa Rana", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5047363303" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "Defence Food Research Laboratory", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2802608988", "lat": 12.309951, "long": 76.678085, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Natarajan Gopalan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040998536" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Preparedness", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777042776" }, { "display_name": "Hazardous waste", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22507642" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Radiological weapon", "id": "https://openalex.org/C190892606" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "National security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C528167355" }, { "display_name": "Critical infrastructure", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29852176" }, { "display_name": "Emergency response", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017997152" }, { "display_name": "Chemical warfare", "id": "https://openalex.org/C101216236" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medical emergency", "id": "https://openalex.org/C545542383" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Waste management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Radiology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C126838900" } ]	[ "Syria", "Iraq" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3007579476	Hazardous chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) materials are catching attention of unscrupulous actors for creating terror and havoc. Threat perception for use of such materials by terrorists and non-state actors for malicious purposes, is not imaginative but real and imminent in today’s context. World has witnessed a number of such incidences in the recent years, e.g., Mustard gas attack against Kurdish forces in Iraq; ricin laced letters sent to US President and others senators; use of Nerve gas agents in Syria; capturing of Uranium from University of al- Mousal, Iraq by IS, etc. National assets like critical buildings where main legislative, historical building, Hospitals are some of the likely targets for CBR attacks attract quick coverage by media. Authorities related with managing and safeguarding mechanisms of the facilities to prevent such events happening also to enhance their capabilities as well as effective response. Essential CBR security should include measures to rapidly detect and effectively deter the CBR incidences their deleterious consequences. In this review, protection of the critical facilities from CBR attacks and capacity in terms of infrastructure, specialised training and mutual aid have been discussed.	[ { "display_name": "Defence life science journal", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169304", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4212852656	5. Armed Conflict and the Environment	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "University of Delhi", "id": "https://openalex.org/I110166357", "lat": 28.583332, "long": 77.166664, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Santosh Upadhyay", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002614003" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Preparedness", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777042776" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C206345919" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Computer network", "id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]	[ "Syria", "Iraq" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4212852656	The past year witnessed mixed results in the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts. The year’s experiences include a targeted attack on Saudi oil fields, resulting in tensions and threatening a serious oil spill in the region; the mysterious burning of crops in Iraq; the blowing up of underwater pipelines at the Baniyas refinery on the coast of Syria and the resulting oil spills; and aggravating tensions over some other oil wells in West Asia. These experiences have, again, illustrated the potential of using the environment as a tool to inflict injuries against adversaries. The environment is still a soft target, and it silently bears the brutal afflictions. Distant from these gloomy ground scenarios, the year also witnessed some satisfactory developments on the thematic and legalistic fronts. UNEP continued its work on the theme Disasters and Conflicts to help countries and communities develop long-term sustainable resource management frameworks that could effectively resolve the strains resulting from disasters and conflicts. The UNEP executive director, in his message on the occasion of the International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflicts, stressed the importance of including environmental factors in security and peace-building paradigms. UNEP has already conducted almost twenty post-conflict assessments in order to determine the environmental impacts of war since 1999. UNEP is also advancing its Disaster and Conflicts program by especially focusing on areas of risk reduction, preparedness and response, and recovery. It also develops tailor-made, country-specific programs to cater to the specific needs of a particular country.	[ { "display_name": "Yearbook of International Environmental Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2736107020", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W257862434	Global Economy and Labor Force Migration: The Case of Iranian Workers in Japan	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Japan", "display_name": "Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I157921009", "lat": 33.27945, "long": 131.49751, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Behrooz Asgari", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040794536" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Orie Yokoyama", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039883853" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Akiko Morozumi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5086406993" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tom Hope", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5025028660" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Immigration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468" }, { "display_name": "Unemployment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Migrant workers", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3019876095" }, { "display_name": "Demographic economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W229108574", "https://openalex.org/W635518969", "https://openalex.org/W658638263", "https://openalex.org/W2032244253", "https://openalex.org/W2117158709", "https://openalex.org/W3127960917" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W257862434	A large number of Iranian youth left Iran for Japan hoping to fi nd high-paying jobs at the outset, and for the duration, of the bubble economy. When the bubble burst and unemployment began to increase in Japan, most of these workers returned to Iran, while some migrated to Canada, Australia, Thailand, Singapore and other Asian countries. This article assesses Iranian immigration via analysis of a database of Japanese government statistics, created for this research. This quantitative analysis is combined with the results of 60 in-depth interviews of Iranian workers in which the hidden aspects of global migration emerge. The quality of workers’ lives is shown to be of great concern, with visa status proving the greatest barrier to the safeguarding of health and safety.	[]
https://openalex.org/W2997294917	Contested Cartographies: Empire and Sovereignty on a Map of Sistān, Iran (1883)	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "France", "display_name": "Université Paris Nanterre", "id": "https://openalex.org/I40434647", "lat": 48.85341, "long": 2.3488, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Daniel Foliard", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5044911653" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5087479932" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Empire", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778495208" }, { "display_name": "Supporter", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777037273" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Modernization theory", "id": "https://openalex.org/C53844881" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Articulation (sociology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779337067" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Cartography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Genealogy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C53553401" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2997294917	The papers of Malkam Khān (1833–1908), Iranian ambassador in London from 1872 to 1889, a staunch supporter of Iranian state modernization and a scholar, include an often-overlooked map of the Iran–Afghanistan border dating to 1883. Mirzā Mohammad-Rezā Tabrizi compiled this exceptional piece of nineteenth-century Iranian cartography. The map is an illustration of how quickly the Qajar administration was able to emulate European cartographical discourses to protect its own interests in the context of the so-called ‘Great Game’, that is, the often confrontational Russo–British relations over the control of Central Asia and Afghanistan in the nineteenth century. In this article we show that Iranian officials had developed a much more substantial articulation between cartography and statecraft than is conveyed by the stereotypes in nineteenth-century Western literature, when the capacity of local players to use counter-mapping to their own advantage was often underestimated by European agents. Mirzā Mohammad-Rezā Tabrizi’s map of Sistān exemplifies how the apparently all-powerful Western science that seemingly supported nineteenth-century imperial expansion was rarely left unchallenged locally. The genealogy and circulation of the map also reflects how overly simplistic the postulation of a polarization of ‘Western’ knowledge and ‘Eastern’ attempts at safeguarding local sovereignty can be.	[ { "display_name": "Imago Mundi", "id": "https://openalex.org/S160765276", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2946405896	Waste Management for the Better Environment: A Case of Municipality in Iran	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Homa Khorasani Esmaeili", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5033729864" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Lagging", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776962539" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Investment (military)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731" }, { "display_name": "Purchasing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778813691" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Waste management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761" }, { "display_name": "Operations management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Pathology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1622293742" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2946405896	Case Overview This case revolves around the challenges pertaining to waste management in Iran. Poor waste management practices can result in soil contamination, water pollution, and air pollution, can cause respiratory problem, and can create permanent adverse health effect. Thus, a solid waste management system is needed for safeguarding the public health, safety, and welfare. However, it seems not an easy task for the developing countries, and Iran is not an exception to this. Recycling has three particular steps: collection and processing, manufacturing, and purchasing new products which made from recycled materials which require heavy investment. Lack of investment in the Iranian recycling sector has made this issue more complicated and lagging behind. This case highlights the challenges faced by the Iranian Municipality in this regard.	[ { "display_name": "Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463237", "type": "ebook platform" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2796731516	Safeguarding and retrofitting works at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Takht-e Soleyman, Iran	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Toralf Burkert", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003134563" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "TU Dresden", "id": "https://openalex.org/I78650965", "lat": 51.05089, "long": 13.73832, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "Institut für Bauforschung", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135590", "lat": 52.3895, "long": 9.751659, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Christian Fuchs", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5015643346" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "Bausch Health (Germany)", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210145875", "lat": 49.406536, "long": 8.649961, "type": "company" } ], "display_name": "Jörg Schweinfurth", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003192452" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Retrofitting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778368411" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Safeguard", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780771206" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Architectural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C170154142" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Structural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66938386" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2796731516	Abstract This article reports on the works safeguard in 2016 to secure the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Takht‐e Soleyman in the province of West Azerbaijan in the northwest of Iran. The site includes a fire temple and dates back to the sixth century AD. The complex was transformed by the Ilkhanids in the 13th century with extensive repair and building measures. From the 15th century, the complex was abandoned and decayed. In the 1970s, the north wall of the Western Eivan was first secured with steel scaffolding. The Chair of Structural design at the TU Dresden undertook works in 2016 to stabilise the Western Eivan in collaboration with the Iranian cultural heritage organisation (ICHHTO) and with financial support from the cultural maintenance programme of the Federal Foreign Office of Germany. The preliminary investigations until now and the work to the structure planned for 2018 are described below.	[ { "display_name": "Mauerwerk", "id": "https://openalex.org/S143615459", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2784270978	Coastal Landscape Characterization. The Case of the Sartol Seacoast, Bushehr, Iran	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mahdi Sheibani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5008658716" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Niloofar Razavi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5027262923" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Fahimeh Mofrad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067562879" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Character (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780861071" }, { "display_name": "Documentation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56666940" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Landscape assessment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147858270" }, { "display_name": "Landscape design", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108865711" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Geometry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2784270978	The pressures of the industrial development and the interactions of humans and environment constantly strain coastal landscapes. As a resolution, documenting the authentic conditions of landscapes, as well as their changing character, is suggested as a monitoring and safeguarding strategy for sustainability of all landscapes, including coastal landscapes. In that regard, this paper describes a method for classifying coastal landscape characters in Sartol costal area in Bushehr, Iran, with special emphasis on the geomorphological features. The emphasis of geomorphological features of the landscape is meant to raise the awareness in the local community on the one hand, and is a measure to control the possible negative changes imposed by the developments of the site. Starting from a review of relevant theories of landscape classification, this approach examines the important and necessary steps in the documentation of landscape character, and continues to test the method in organizing the inventory and basic characterization of Sartol.	[ { "display_name": "Ri-Vista", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306528575", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4376279598	Factors underpinning Iranian farmers’ intention to conserve biodiversity at the farm level	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Moslem Savari", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5019801263" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abbas Shahitavi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091931240" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Iran", "display_name": "Tarbiat Modares University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I1516879", "lat": 35.72139, "long": 51.381943, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mohammad Shokati Amghani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017330389" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Underpinning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780871342" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Socioeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C45355965" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Statistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1447436935", "https://openalex.org/W1520166841", "https://openalex.org/W1606076457", "https://openalex.org/W1736209534", "https://openalex.org/W1968341605", "https://openalex.org/W1973178392", "https://openalex.org/W1983150389", "https://openalex.org/W2004089424", "https://openalex.org/W2013228971", "https://openalex.org/W2048240578", "https://openalex.org/W2048677918", "https://openalex.org/W2054122720", "https://openalex.org/W2061554390", "https://openalex.org/W2066424242", "https://openalex.org/W2081430061", "https://openalex.org/W2083815066", "https://openalex.org/W2094017277", "https://openalex.org/W2100135944", "https://openalex.org/W2102128168", "https://openalex.org/W2105094900", "https://openalex.org/W2111591671", "https://openalex.org/W2141186877", "https://openalex.org/W2142150409", "https://openalex.org/W2142244535", "https://openalex.org/W2145953974", "https://openalex.org/W2161139387", "https://openalex.org/W2193260477", "https://openalex.org/W2195112388", "https://openalex.org/W2297612823", "https://openalex.org/W2314203944", "https://openalex.org/W2569469280", "https://openalex.org/W2588309384", "https://openalex.org/W2607509676", "https://openalex.org/W2640859980", "https://openalex.org/W2675458303", "https://openalex.org/W2675663123", "https://openalex.org/W2733071459", "https://openalex.org/W2883090204", "https://openalex.org/W2903796321", "https://openalex.org/W2912038500", "https://openalex.org/W2939901259", "https://openalex.org/W2954085527", "https://openalex.org/W2969088062", "https://openalex.org/W2982620409", "https://openalex.org/W3000559375", "https://openalex.org/W3004988826", "https://openalex.org/W3012937455", "https://openalex.org/W3013233813", "https://openalex.org/W3013468191", "https://openalex.org/W3015306116", "https://openalex.org/W3035281462", "https://openalex.org/W3036629637", "https://openalex.org/W3041080007", "https://openalex.org/W3047870835", "https://openalex.org/W3133923747", "https://openalex.org/W3137123113", "https://openalex.org/W3148405332", "https://openalex.org/W3194437639", "https://openalex.org/W4221060390", "https://openalex.org/W4224437609", "https://openalex.org/W4251955157", "https://openalex.org/W4280618626", "https://openalex.org/W4288695738", "https://openalex.org/W4289838717", "https://openalex.org/W4317388041", "https://openalex.org/W4362475883" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376279598	The depletion of biodiversity is a major environmental challenge of the present time, with the agricultural sector being a significant contributor to the loss. Therefore, farmers' decisions and practices are pivotal in safeguarding biodiversity at the farm level. Accordingly, this study aimed to unravel the key factors influencing farmers' intention to conserve biodiversity (ICB), and in doing so, it adopted the protection motivation theory (PMT) as the theoretical framework. The study's statistical population comprised 412 farmers residing in Bavi County in the southwestern region of Iran. The research employed a questionnaire as the data collection instrument, and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicated that the respondents held a perception of high costs associated with implementing biodiversity conservation behaviors. They believed that such measures would not be easy to implement, and they would incur both monetary and non-monetary costs. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that the variables of SE and ICB among the studied farmers were lower than the theoretical median of 3, indicating that farmers may not have a strong desire and self-efficacy to engage in biodiversity conservation practices. Through the application of SEM, the study determined that the PMT accounts for 65.2% of farmers’ ICB. Additionally, perceived severity and self-efficacy were found to have the strongest effects on farmers’ ICB (as the first and second determinants), highlighting the importance of these variables in predicting farmers’ conservation behaviors. Overall, it can be concluded that these results have significant implications for policymakers in the agricultural sector, providing valuable insights into how to promote biodiversity conservation practices among farmers.	[ { "display_name": "Journal for Nature Conservation", "id": "https://openalex.org/S77407326", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W793886129	URBAN TRANSPORTATION IN IRAN METROPOLITANS	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohsen Hashemi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043568619" } ]	[ { "display_name": "TRIPS architecture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C157085824" }, { "display_name": "Capital city", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2994052530" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Socioeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C45355965" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Transport engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22212356" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Economic geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W793886129	Please note that due to the size of the video included wit this presentation, it has not been available yet to upload it . Iran has at least 9 large populous cities (each above 1 million) with sum of 20 million inhabitants. Tehran, Mashhad, Esfahan, Ahwaz, Karaj, Tabriz, Kermanshah, Qom and Shiraz are the largest Iranian cities in which millions of citizens travel everyday to their workplaces, schools, universities, shopping centers and vice versa.Tehran, the Capital of Iran and other Iranian metropolitans are badly suffering from congestion, air pollution and other aftereffects of the daily motorized urban and suburban trips of their inhabitants. The already dangerously polluted living environment would certainly worsen if the current trend of motorized mobility of these sprawling and populated cities continues. Congestion and traffic jams waste the otherwise productive time of citizens while the pollution related diseases are ruining citizens' lives and national wealth. Fortunately the Iranian officials and decision-makers have recognized the importance of boosting public transport in not only easing the condition of everyday lives of the citizens but also in creating jobs, socio-economic development and in one word , better safeguarding national interests. To this end more than 990 km of heavy and light metros and regional rail links have been planned to be implemented in the above mentioned Iranian cities till 2020.The very successful experience of Tehran Metro has strengthened our determination of implementing our ambitious goal of absorbing some 40 percent of Tehran inhabitants' daily trips to urban railway system by 2030. For the time being, in addition to the recently mobilized extensions to the existing metro lines, new lines are under construction. Tehran metro success has also become the paradigm for any comprehensive urban development plan in Iran. Any new Iranian urban development plan considers urban railway system as the backbone of its structure	[ { "display_name": "CONGRESS - DUBAI 2011", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306506885", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4388507486	Developing a Framework for Qualitative Evaluation of Urban Interventions in Iranian Historical Cores	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "lat": 52.00667, "long": 4.35556, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Azadeh Arjomand Kermani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5079782236" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Urban planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C49545453" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Modernization theory", "id": "https://openalex.org/C53844881" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Urban design", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205300905" }, { "display_name": "Urban density", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4238864" }, { "display_name": "Urban regeneration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993215568" }, { "display_name": "Redevelopment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780155792" }, { "display_name": "Demolition", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781469121" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388507486	Iranian historic city cores are important parts of modern cities because of their valuable monuments and morphology but are also significant because of their population density, location and the major governmental functions they house. Since 1920, modernisation policies and urban development trends in Iran have justified spatial transformation and redevelopment and the demolition and destruction of traditional urban fabrics as a way to provide contemporary requirements and hygiene improvements for the residents. As the UNESCO recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape argues, historic urban cores can only sustain their role in the daily life of the city by getting prepared for and participating in this transformation process. Disagreement over the value of historic urban cores on the one hand and inevitable modification of urban areas in a developing country like Iran on the other, creates a problematic condition for the preservation of the historic environment. The Valletta Principles for the Safeguarding and Management of Historic Cities, Towns and Urban Areas states that historic towns and urban areas require an integrated approach including their “protection, conservation, enhancement and management as well as their coherent development and their harmonious adaptation to contemporary life”. In order to support the process of reaching a balance between these spatial targets in Iran, this research discusses the relation between urban transformation projects and their heritage context. In doing so it connects international literature on urban quality and traditional Iranian urban forms to contemporary Iranian urban design practice. To achieve this integration between urban heritage and spatial development, a framework of quality attributes has been developed to evaluate urban interventions in a heritage context. The three main pillars of this framework have been extracted from and inspired by international literature and guidelines. Place-making theories have proved to be especially helpful. An analysis of traditional urban forms in Iran and their main characteristics - especially for the urban type of the bazaar – has provided a list of specific and relevant parameters. The framework has been tested by evaluating two case studies in Shiraz that illustrate two different approaches to heritage intervention on an urban level. The outcome has led to modification of the framework and new research questions.	[ { "display_name": "A+BE: Architecture and the Built Environment", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2738990503", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4388632831	Developing a Framework for Qualitative Evaluation of Urban Interventions in Iranian Historical Cores	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Azadeh Arjomand Kermani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5079782236" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Urban planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C49545453" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Modernization theory", "id": "https://openalex.org/C53844881" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Urban design", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205300905" }, { "display_name": "Urban density", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4238864" }, { "display_name": "Urban regeneration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993215568" }, { "display_name": "Redevelopment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780155792" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388632831	Iranian historic city cores are important parts of modern cities because of their valuable monuments and morphology but are also significant because of their population density, location and the major governmental functions they house. Since 1920, modernisation policies and urban development trends in Iran have justified spatial transformation and redevelopment and the demolition and destruction of traditional urban fabrics as a way to provide contemporary requirements and hygiene improvements for the residents. As the UNESCO recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape argues, historic urban cores can only sustain their role in the daily life of the city by getting prepared for and participating in this transformation process. Disagreement over the value of historic urban cores on the one hand and inevitable modification of urban areas in a developing country like Iran on the other, creates a problematic condition for the preservation of the historic environment. The Valletta Principles for the Safeguarding and Management of Historic Cities, Towns and Urban Areas states that historic towns and urban areas require an integrated approach including their “protection, conservation, enhancement and management as well as their coherent development and their harmonious adaptation to contemporary life”. In order to support the process of reaching a balance between these spatial targets in Iran, this research discusses the relation between urban transformation projects and their heritage context. In doing so it connects international literature on urban quality and traditional Iranian urban forms to contemporary Iranian urban design practice. To achieve this integration between urban heritage and spatial development, a framework of quality attributes has been developed to evaluate urban interventions in a heritage context. The three main pillars of this framework have been extracted from and inspired by international literature and guidelines. Place-making theories have proved to be especially helpful. An analysis of traditional urban forms in Iran and their main characteristics - especially for the urban type of the bazaar – has provided a list of specific and relevant parameters. The framework has been tested by evaluating two case studies in Shiraz that illustrate two different approaches to heritage intervention on an urban level. The outcome has led to modification of the framework and new research questions.	[ { "display_name": "A+BE: Architecture and the Built Environment", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2738990503", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W1823902704	توافق هسته ای ایران: تاثیرات داخلی	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Maysam Behravesh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5066908854" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1823902704	Safeguarding the Iranian state against external aggression and thus almost guaranteeing its survival from without, the Iran nuclear deal is expected to have a desecuritizing impact in the country over time and thus empower the moderate forces and reformers including the civil society and middle classes.	[]
https://openalex.org/W2240351786	THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF STRONG GROUND MOTION DATA IN IRAN IN 2011 (TECHNICAL REPORT)	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "E Farzanegan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5085068765" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "H Mirzaei Alavijeh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017842159" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "F Sinaeian", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5068984946" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "M Mirsanjari", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091725722" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Motion (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C104114177" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Seismology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C165205528" }, { "display_name": "Geology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2240351786	The Iranian plateau is one of the seismically active areas of the world and frequently suffers destructive earthquakes that cause heavy loss of human life and widespread damage. Safeguarding life and property from destructive effects of earthquakes is a major national as well as world-wide problem. Earthquake strong motion data provide the basis for design of engineered buildings, bridges, dams and other critical structures as well as the basis for research on fundamental problems related to earthquake processes, and internal structure of the earth. Strong motion instrumentation program in Iran is operated by ISMN. Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN) started its activities in 1973 at the former Planning and Budget Organization. In 1981, the ISMN was transferred to BHRC and a new phase of its activities began. Until 1992, the ISMN had 274 analog accelerographs. At the present time (August 2013) ISMN has 1149 digital accelerographs. More than 9770 three component accelerograms have been recorded by these instruments.	[]
https://openalex.org/W2487362091	Safeguarding Iran and Afghanistan: On UNESCO’s Efforts in the Field of Archeology	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Agnès Borde Meyer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5029288406" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Central asia", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017485454" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Iran", "Egypt" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1990835764", "https://openalex.org/W2042035900" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2487362091	People usually associate UNESCO with archeology for only a few events and names, such as the removal of the Abu Simbel temples in Egypt, or the notion of world heritage. Other initiatives and actions, and their impact on archeological activities, are generally lesser known. That is the case for the Asian continent, where the perception of UNESCO’s actions by its various partners, and the definitive impact on their own actions, is something we know little about. When studying the institutional and private papers about archeological missions in Central Asia — in my case in Sistan, a geographical area between Iran and Afghanistan — one can therefore be surprised to see what has taken place and was carried out by UNESCO from the 1940s. I, of course, suspected that the organization’s initiatives and approaches would have had some sort of impact on national institutions dedicated to archeology, and on scholars in the field, from the first inclusion of UNESCO in the Congress of Orientalists in 1948 and up until the events which disturbed the relations between Iran, Afghanistan and the organization in the 1980s — the evolution of the archeological work and institutions was, after all, significant during this period. But the question is to what extent UNESCO took part in its development.	[ { "display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463716", "type": "ebook platform" } ]
https://openalex.org/W1574946804	Developmental care from theory to action	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Iran", "display_name": "University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210166308", "lat": 35.69439, "long": 51.42151, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Farin Soleimani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5035787626" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Iran", "display_name": "University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210166308", "lat": 35.69439, "long": 51.42151, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ferozeh Sajedi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5005333984" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Iran", "display_name": "Shahid Beheshti University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I48379061", "lat": 35.802223, "long": 51.393333, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Shahnaz Tork Zahrani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091048880" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Neurorehabilitation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C47177892" }, { "display_name": "Neonatal intensive care unit", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777091541" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "CINAHL", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781145037" }, { "display_name": "Pediatrics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C187212893" }, { "display_name": "Rehabilitation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778818304" }, { "display_name": "Scopus", "id": "https://openalex.org/C83867959" }, { "display_name": "Habilitation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2908837262" }, { "display_name": "Low birth weight", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779083892" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "MEDLINE", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830" }, { "display_name": "Psychological intervention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008" }, { "display_name": "Physical therapy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650" }, { "display_name": "Humanities", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023" }, { "display_name": "Pregnancy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779234561" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Genetics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1574946804	Developmental care from theory to action Soleimani Farin. ( M.D)1 , Sajedi Ferozeh2 (M.D) Torkzahrani Shahnaz3 (M.Sc) 1. MD, Pediatrician, Associate Professor Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Scienc-es, Tehran, Iran.2. MD, Pediatrician, Associate Professor Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Scienc-es, Tehran, Iran.3. M.Sc. in Midwifery, Faculty member of Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Ph.D. Candidate Pediatric, Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Corresponding author: Torkzahrani Shahnaz; [email protected] Abstract Background: The premature or low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit admission are affected not only by body’s physiology and immature developmental condition but also by environmental stress; thereby they are at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to review the emerging fi eld of neurodevelopmetal disorders and strategies to reduce it. Materials and Methods: In this review article, Iranmedex، Sciencedirect،google Scholar، SID, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO-CINAHL databases between 1960 to 2013 were searched for finding the relevant studies. Result: The review of literature indicates that developmental care mostly reports positive effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes and helps preterm infants cope with the environment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Healing environment, partnering with families, positioning and handling, safeguarding sleep and optimizing nutrition are main core measures of developmental care. The structuring and designing of NICU environment for the high risk neonate has important policy implications for neonatal healthcare and beyond hospital stay. Key Words: Developmental care, Neurodevelopment, NICU, preterm, low birth weight,	[ { "display_name": "Advances in Nursing & Midwifery", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764344799", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2887257582	Safeguarding and Retrofitting of the Western Eivan of the Takht-e Soleyman, Iran	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "TU Dresden", "id": "https://openalex.org/I78650965", "lat": 51.05089, "long": 13.73832, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Wolfram Jaeger", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5004763029" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "University of Bamberg", "id": "https://openalex.org/I94626330", "lat": 49.89873, "long": 10.90067, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Lorenz Korn", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5060425266" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Toralf Burkert", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003134563" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "TU Dresden", "id": "https://openalex.org/I78650965", "lat": 51.05089, "long": 13.73832, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Christian Fuchs", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5015643346" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Masonry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C535899295" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Brick", "id": "https://openalex.org/C154226666" }, { "display_name": "Demolition", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781469121" }, { "display_name": "Retrofitting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778368411" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Drilling", "id": "https://openalex.org/C25197100" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Gypsum", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779229104" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Forensic engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C77595967" }, { "display_name": "Architectural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C170154142" }, { "display_name": "Geology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Structural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66938386" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Paleontology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2917192204" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2887257582	The Western Eivan is a part of the World Heritage Site of Takht-e Soleyman in Iran. The ruins of the large hall show grave structural damages. The structure is built of brick work, natural stone masonry and gypsum based mortar. In the last two years several works were executed like archeological soundings, documentation of the existing historic building substance, performance of a 3 D laser scan, materials and damage mapping as well as taking of material samples and performance and supporting of a gypsum burning process. Beyond that it was developed a concept for the stabilization of the north wall of the Eivan. At the building site two test walls were designed and drilling and grouting technology as well as the developed grout was tested. In 2017 the buttress on the north side of the ruin was safeguarded and retrofitted with the selected techniques. The presented paper highlights the preliminary research and the safeguarding approach for the iconic ruin.	[ { "display_name": "Rilem bookseries", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210188677", "type": "book series" } ]
https://openalex.org/W3138817426	Materials and Technologies of the Bamiyan Wall Paintings	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Japan", "display_name": "University of Tsukuba", "id": "https://openalex.org/I146399215", "lat": 36.2, "long": 140.1, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Yoko Taniguchi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5028442966" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Painting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205783811" }, { "display_name": "Cave", "id": "https://openalex.org/C171878925" }, { "display_name": "Sculpture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C67805463" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Gautama Buddha", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524757792" }, { "display_name": "Buddhism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75699723" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Visual arts", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607" }, { "display_name": "Cave painting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C85311402" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2509352342" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138817426	Bamiyan is located at a cultural cross-roads between Iran and the Mediterranean to the west, China to the east, India to the south, and nomadic cultures to the north. Approximately 1,000 caves were modified to serve as temples, residences, and storage chambers. As is well known, the site’s two colossal Buddha sculptures were shattered in March 2001, and wall paintings were either destroyed or looted for sale in international art markets. Over 80% of the paintings were lost. In 2005 a UNESCO project entitled “Safeguarding the Bamiyan Valley” was launched. Prior to conservation work, minute samples were taken from 31 caves (of a total 279). These were used to investigate original painting technologies and their mechanics of deterioration. Analysis confirmed the Buddhist paintings of mid-seventh century Bamiyan as the world’s earliest examples to use drying oil as binding media. In addition, the creation of the paintings is distinguished by other complex technologies, including the skilful use of earthen materials; and the sophisticated application of multiple colour layers and finishing techniques.	[ { "display_name": "Cultural heritage science", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169018", "type": "book series" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2527704311	A China perspective : North Korea's nuclear tests reshaping Northeast Asian security	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Liang Yabin", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5082761421" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Nuclear weapon", "id": "https://openalex.org/C194110935" }, { "display_name": "China", "id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Alliance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778431023" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "National security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C528167355" }, { "display_name": "Nuclear ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C545171759" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" } ]	[ "Iran" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2527704311	First, the country's security issues can only be resolved through nuclear weapons development in response to the long, con nuous pressure from the powerful military alliance of the U.S. and South Korea. Nuclear weapons are an “affordable” counterbalancing weapon for weak and small countries against powerful threats. In prac ce, the effec veness of nuclear weapons safeguarding state security has indeed been repeatedly validated since World War II. So far, no large‐scale military strikes against a nuclear weapons state have happened. Historically, no na on with func onal and proven nuclear weapons has ever given up that capability. South Africa and Iran gave up their nuclear technology before achieving successful nuclear tests. Ukraine is the only country to have given up its nuclear weapons voluntarily, but provides a very nega ve example to the world of what can happen a erwards, as seen with Crimea's recent annexa on by Russia and the descent of Eastern Ukraine into civil war.	[]
https://openalex.org/W2330984416	Libyan Heritage under threat: the case of Cyrene	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "University of Exeter", "id": "https://openalex.org/I23923803", "lat": 50.7236, "long": -3.52751, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ahmad Abdulkariem", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039294682" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "Canterbury Archaeological Trust", "id": "https://openalex.org/I267144501", "lat": 51.28084, "long": 1.085669, "type": "nonprofit" } ], "display_name": "Paul Bennett", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023621642" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" } ]	[ "Libya" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2318592991", "https://openalex.org/W4381929511" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2330984416	Abstract The archaeological heritage of Libya is at serious risk from uncontrolled development. The reasons for the situation are discussed, and the attendant difficulties in preventing encroachment on the archaeological zone. The case of Cyrene is not alone, but while the focus here is its particular problems, guidelines for safeguarding Libya's heritage are proposed, while acknowledging current efforts to counteract the state of play.	[ { "display_name": "Libyan Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764955568", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4239472389	British Archaeology in Libya, 1943–70	[]	[ { "display_name": "Officer", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777189325" }, { "display_name": "Administration (probate law)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780765947" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Victory", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779220109" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Treaty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779010840" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Libya" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4239472389	After the victory of El-Alamein, a military administration was set up in Libya to act as a caretaker government until a peace-treaty should be concluded. This administration assumed, as part of its responsibilities, the care of the country's antiquities. In Cyrenaica the staff of the Italian Soprintendenza had been withdrawn; in Tripolitania, under Dr. G. Pesce, the Soprintendenza remained in operation. At the instance of Sir Mortimer (then Brigadier) Wheeler, Major J. B. Ward-Perkins, who was serving with the Eighth Army, was appointed Acting Adviser in Archaeology to the British Military Administration. In the summer of 1943 he made a number of recommendations as to the safeguarding of the antiquities, and in August 1944 Major C. G. C. Hyslop was appointed as Antiquities Officer for the two Libyan territories, Cyrenaica and Tripolitania, under British control. The British Antiquities Officer worked in close conjunction with the Italian Soprintendenza at Tripoli, but in Cyrenaica he had to rely almost entirely on his own resources. Maintenance and reorganization were first priorities but Hyslop also found time to issue an English guidebook to Cyrenaica. Major D. E. L. Haynes who followed Hyslop as Antiquities Officer late in 1945 produced a similar volume on Tripolitania, which after two subsequent editions and revisions commissioned by the Libyan Government in 1955 and 1959, is still the standard guide-book to the classical antiquities. Haynes was succeeded by Goodchild in September 1946, followed by Morgan in 1948 and Johns in 1950. The main responsibility of the Antiquities Department continued to be the care of the important coastal sites excavated by Italian archaeologists between 1912 and 1942, but the presence of British forces with personnel trained in desert travel and also with facilities such as transport, stores, camping-equipment, made it possible to carry out archaeological field work, especially in the pre-desert areas.	[ { "display_name": "Annual report", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210181844", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2113366432	Problems of Urban Water Supply in Libya	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Libya", "display_name": "University of Benghazi", "id": "https://openalex.org/I31439502", "lat": 32.05506, "long": 20.054071, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "S. K. Kezeiri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091624725" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Water supply", "id": "https://openalex.org/C97053079" }, { "display_name": "Investment (military)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731" }, { "display_name": "Arid", "id": "https://openalex.org/C150772632" }, { "display_name": "Water resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524765639" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Pipeline transport", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175309249" }, { "display_name": "Water resources", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153823671" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Paleontology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Libya" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W2277834050" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113366432	Abstract Problems connected with the supply of water to Libya's expanding urban connurbations are described. The constraints imposed by the arid climate have obliged Libya to place great reliance on the exploitation of groundwater reserves and in the most populous, northern regions these are becoming seriously depleted. The long-term safeguarding of the water supply and its possible augmentation to meet rising demand depends on current, expensive, investment. The most ambitious scheme is for a ‘man-made river’ in which water from the country's southern underground reserves will be carried in pipelines to the northern coastal region. Further investment is also being made in desalination plants, whilst additional improvements are recommended in the metering and maintenance of water supply installations. The degree of success of these ventures have vital implications for Libya's future agricultural and urban development.	[ { "display_name": "Libyan Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764955568", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2519023553	Safeguarding oil resources in unoccupied territories during armed conflict : the Libyan problem	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "South Africa", "display_name": "Rhodes University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I203238179", "lat": -33.31361, "long": 26.519722, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "James Tsabora", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5009445439" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Security forces", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775907854" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "International community", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779872411" }, { "display_name": "Use of force", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776729102" }, { "display_name": "Crimes against humanity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776429423" }, { "display_name": "International law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "War crime", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195064531" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Libya" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2519023553	On 17 March 2011, the fifteen members of the United Nations Security Council voted on a Resolution on Libya, following weeks of mass anti-government protests that triggered a ruthless crack down by President Gaddaffi's security forces. The crackdown is of such a callous nature that the international community began to agree that Gaddaffi could be committing crimes against humanity and should be investigated by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. The initially peaceful civilian protests gradually developed into an armed movement that launched attacks against government targets and institutions in Libya's towns and cities, and the villages surrounding Tripoli. After recording early victories and almost reaching Tripoli, the rebels were repulsed with even more ruthless force by Gaddaffi's security forces. The onslaught by President Gaddaffi's forces continued and it became clear that the total defeat of the rebels was only a matter of days away. However, before the capitulation of the rebels could be secured, the United Nations stepped up its efforts to address the situation in Libya, apparently taking sides with the rebel and civilian groups that participated in widespread protests and attacks against President Gaddaffi's rule. The efforts of the United Nations culminated eventually in UN Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011) where ten of the members, with five abstentions, voted for and authorised international intervention in Libya on 'humanitarian grounds'.	[ { "display_name": "Southern African Public Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764685568", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4388104790	SECURITY ISSUES IN LIBYAN GOVERNMENT COMPANIES	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Salima Benqdara", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5072329975" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "The Internet", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110875604" }, { "display_name": "Information security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C527648132" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Internet privacy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108827166" }, { "display_name": "Safeguard", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780771206" }, { "display_name": "Information security management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C148976360" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C184842701" }, { "display_name": "Security information and event management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C103377522" }, { "display_name": "World Wide Web", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C79974875" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Operating system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701" } ]	[ "Libya" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388104790	The growth of technology, communications, and the cyber-Internet has led to a revolution in how data and information are sent and used online. As a result, internet security has become a crucial concern, particularly in safeguarding sensitive data in the government company. Government company a vital infrastructure for modern society, is also a lucrative target for cyber attacks, which could potentially expose sensitive customer information. This study highlights the importance of internet security in safeguarding sensitive data in government companies such as telecommunications companies. The study conducted in Libya employed an interview technique to evaluate the information security policy of government companies and identified several vulnerabilities that require mitigation to protect networks from cyber attacks. The study emphasizes the significance of information security in government companies and provides insights that can assist companies in developing and implementing effective policies to safeguard their networks.	[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764748552", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2971625462	The (W)Hole Picture: Responses to a Looted Landscape	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "DePaul University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I118353179", "lat": 41.9236, "long": -87.6535, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Morag M. Kersel", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5060549470" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "Dartmouth College", "id": "https://openalex.org/I107672454", "lat": 43.70229, "long": -72.28954, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Austin Hill", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5006497592" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Looting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780570456" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Law enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780262971" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Cultural landscape", "id": "https://openalex.org/C12429862" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W150749514", "https://openalex.org/W209957588", "https://openalex.org/W1426165441", "https://openalex.org/W1504183433", "https://openalex.org/W1529851458", "https://openalex.org/W1964775413", "https://openalex.org/W1991238184", "https://openalex.org/W1992383122", "https://openalex.org/W1993441315", "https://openalex.org/W1998327661", "https://openalex.org/W1998943389", "https://openalex.org/W2016170005", "https://openalex.org/W2026718846", "https://openalex.org/W2042966696", "https://openalex.org/W2066580399", "https://openalex.org/W2077221784", "https://openalex.org/W2096464883", "https://openalex.org/W2129493656", "https://openalex.org/W2142566733", "https://openalex.org/W2175433915", "https://openalex.org/W2210423779", "https://openalex.org/W2287166047", "https://openalex.org/W2371450507", "https://openalex.org/W2471881916", "https://openalex.org/W2474495157", "https://openalex.org/W2521099477", "https://openalex.org/W2531770277", "https://openalex.org/W2550327402", "https://openalex.org/W2587918125", "https://openalex.org/W2598522566", "https://openalex.org/W2675662670", "https://openalex.org/W2720940175", "https://openalex.org/W2751362508", "https://openalex.org/W2752862416", "https://openalex.org/W2756282309", "https://openalex.org/W2772454124", "https://openalex.org/W2773676226", "https://openalex.org/W2783591331", "https://openalex.org/W2800454290" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2971625462	Abstract: How do archaeologists, governments, law enforcement, and a local non-governmental organization react to a hole in the ground—a hole that is the direct result of archaeological site looting? Whatever the response, the aim is the same: the protection of Jordanian cultural heritage through a curtailing of archaeological looting. New to the standard suite of responses are unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs). A comprehensive approach to the landscape, which includes UAV flyovers, ground truthing, oral interviews, collaborative efforts with the Jordanian Department of Antiquities and local cultural heritage organizations, is essential to safeguarding and documenting what remains of a series of Early Bronze Age sites (3600–2000 bc ) along the Dead Sea Plain in Jordan. This is an examination of the (w)hole picture—individual and institutional responses to looters’ holes—diverse reactions with the common goal of preserving and protecting Jordanian cultural heritage.	[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Cultural Property", "id": "https://openalex.org/S35662283", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2059705874	Jordan and the legacies of the civil war of 1970–71	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "University of Leeds", "id": "https://openalex.org/I130828816", "lat": 53.79648, "long": -1.54785, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hussein Sirriyeh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002518706" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Rivalry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779602485" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Spanish Civil War", "id": "https://openalex.org/C81631423" }, { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Monarchy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C203458295" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W579253495", "https://openalex.org/W1570721873", "https://openalex.org/W2028835685", "https://openalex.org/W2054999527", "https://openalex.org/W2060396456", "https://openalex.org/W2134417090" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059705874	The legacies of the Jordanian civil war of 1970–71 are still felt, 30 years after. On the Jordanian level it encouraged the growth of Jordanian identity, rallied the tribes around the monarchy and strengthened the role of the army in safeguarding state security. On the level of Jordanian‐Palestinian politics, it led to discrimination between Trans‐Jordanians and Palestinians in public sector employment and intensified the rivalry between Jordan and the PLO as to who should speak for the Palestinians. On the Arab level, it alerted the King to the value of adhering to an Arab consensus and demonstrated Jordan's role as a moderating factor in Arab politics. Internationally, it enhanced Jordan's status and respectability as a sovereign state.	[ { "display_name": "Civil Wars", "id": "https://openalex.org/S186818105", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4206354686	Jordanian experience: The internet pharmacy drug delivery platform during the COVID-19	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khawla Abu Hammour", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5037993809" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mariam Abdeljalil", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067640312" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Qusai Manaseer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5064750867" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Bayan Al-Manaseer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5018927655" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Pharmacy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C104863432" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Medical prescription", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2426938" }, { "display_name": "The Internet", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110875604" }, { "display_name": "General partnership", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71750763" }, { "display_name": "Medical emergency", "id": "https://openalex.org/C545542383" }, { "display_name": "Emergency department", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780724011" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Emergency medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C194828623" }, { "display_name": "Family medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "World Wide Web", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W1599598513", "https://openalex.org/W2046632503", "https://openalex.org/W2145011547", "https://openalex.org/W2168975047", "https://openalex.org/W2287365516", "https://openalex.org/W2319356823", "https://openalex.org/W2403287428", "https://openalex.org/W2540423845", "https://openalex.org/W2758061306", "https://openalex.org/W2779151894", "https://openalex.org/W2845596128", "https://openalex.org/W3005668029", "https://openalex.org/W3010223921", "https://openalex.org/W3013371033", "https://openalex.org/W3035755808", "https://openalex.org/W3045235614", "https://openalex.org/W3125130380", "https://openalex.org/W3135836423" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206354686	The present study aimed to see how well the newly designed internet hospital drug delivery platform model worked in the pharmacy department during the COVID-19 pandemic to make it easier for patients to get their prescribed drugs during the home quarantine. Methods: The internet hospital drug delivery platform was designed and activated by the pharmacy department in collaboration with the information technology department. The pharmacy department, in partnership with the information technology department, built and launched the internet hospital drug delivery platform (IHDD) immediately after the Jordanian government declared a full lockdown. Results: During the quarantine, a total of 5994 prescriptions, including 28494 medications, were delivered to 4853 patients. The majority of the patients (n = 1835; 37.8%) were aged 60 to 74.Nearly three quarters (4722; 78.8%) of the patients were from Amman, the capital of Jordan, and the top five online prescription departments were cardiology (n = 1737, 31.6%), endocrinology (n = 624, 11.4%), nephrology (n = 557, 10.1%), respiratory (n = 462, 8.4%), and neurology (n = 412, 7.5%). Conclusion: The IHDD platform was found to be efficient and convenient because it handled the challenge of precisely delivering medications to patients on time. To meet the pandemic's challenge, the pharmacy department has extended its inventive powers. In addition to safeguarding the environment, health technology was used to provide a coordinated, systematic program for the administration of medications. The pharmacy department, in partnership with the information technology department, built and deployed the internet hospital drug distribution infrastructure shortly after Jordan's government proclaimed a full lockdown. During the quarantine, a total of 5994 prescriptions, including 28494 medications, were delivered to 4853 patients. The majority of the patients (n = 1835; 37.8%) were between the ages of 60 and 74.Nearly three quarters (4722; 78.8%) of the patients were from Amman, the capital of Jordan, and the top five online prescription departments were cardiology (n = 1737, 31.6%), endocrinology (n = 624, 11.4%), nephrology (n = 557, 10.1%), respiratory (n = 462, 8.4%), and urology (n = 412, 7.5%). The pharmacy department has expanded its capabilities creatively to face the challenge posed by the pandemic. Health technology was utilized to ensure a coordinated, systematic program for the delivery of medications, in addition to preserving the safety of the dedicated staff.	[ { "display_name": "Health Policy and Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764671021", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "PubMed Central", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "type": "repository" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]
https://openalex.org/W1729894743	The Role of the Jordanian Audit Bureau Law in Safeguarding Public Funds in the Light of Recent Variations	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammad Y. Al-Rahahleh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5001879712" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Audit", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199521495" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Sample (material)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Joint audit", "id": "https://openalex.org/C191602146" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Legislature", "id": "https://openalex.org/C83009810" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Internal audit", "id": "https://openalex.org/C170856484" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Chromatography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1729894743	The study aimed at highlighting the role of the Jordanian Audit Bureau Law in safeguarding the public funds in Jordan, and to what extent it provides the bureau with a suitable legislative environment to carry out its tasks and functions under the prevailing conditions in accordance with the international audit standards. In addition, this study investages the point of view of the bureau staff regarding the law. A study of the law and data collected by a questionnaire are utilized in this study. A sample of (110) audit bureau staff members was selected and a questionnaire was developed and distributed among the sample. (94) questionnaires were suitable for analysis. The study explores that the audit law is not coincident with international audit standards. Moreover, other Arab audit bureaus are moderner and more compatible with these standards. In addition, the sample shows that in spite of the characteristics of this law, there is a need to issue a new law, which considers the new modern changes. The study recommends issuing this new law.	[ { "display_name": "Jordan Journal of Business Administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764969724", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4245831346	Medical Evaluation of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse by Nancy Kellogg, Joyce Adams and Jordan Greenbaum, Evidentia Publishing, Huizen, The Netherlands, 2019. US$250, abridged version US$99. Available: https://www.evidentiapublishing.com/shop-1	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210108797", "lat": 52.4576, "long": -1.486113, "type": "healthcare" } ], "display_name": "Jo Gifford", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5028121771" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Publishing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151719136" }, { "display_name": "General partnership", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71750763" }, { "display_name": "Child sexual abuse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2994049219" }, { "display_name": "Project commissioning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C165347436" }, { "display_name": "Library science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863" }, { "display_name": "Sexual abuse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2992354236" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Medical emergency", "id": "https://openalex.org/C545542383" }, { "display_name": "Poison control", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017944768" }, { "display_name": "Suicide prevention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526869908" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4245831346	Child Abuse ReviewVolume 29, Issue 6 p. 589-591 Training Update Medical Evaluation of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse by Nancy Kellogg, Joyce Adams and Jordan Greenbaum, Evidentia Publishing, Huizen, The Netherlands, 2019. US$250, abridged version US$99. Available: https://www.evidentiapublishing.com/shop-1 Jo Gifford, Jo Gifford orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-7755 Consultant Community Paediatrician, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust and Designated Doctor for Child Safeguarding Coventry, Coventry and Rugby Clinical Commissioning Group, Coventry, UKSearch for more papers by this author Jo Gifford, Jo Gifford orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-7755 Consultant Community Paediatrician, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust and Designated Doctor for Child Safeguarding Coventry, Coventry and Rugby Clinical Commissioning Group, Coventry, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2629Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume29, Issue6November/December 2020Pages 589-591 This article also appears in:Training Updates RelatedInformation	[ { "display_name": "Child Abuse Review", "id": "https://openalex.org/S125708707", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W4310229370	The UNESCO Contribution to Safeguarding and Preserving Jordan’s Cultural Heritage	[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "Yarmouk University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I85507684", "lat": 32.55556, "long": 35.85, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hani Hayajneh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000761091" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "France", "display_name": "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization", "id": "https://openalex.org/I1293226324", "lat": 48.85341, "long": 2.3488, "type": "government" } ], "display_name": "Giorgia Cesaro", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5032815754" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Intangible cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779460620" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Perpetuity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C203700910" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4310229370	UNESCO seeks to build peace through international cooperation in education, sciences, and culture and contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals defined in the 2030 Agenda. The present paper explores how UNESCO, the Jordanian government, and the local communities work together in the design and implementation of plans aimed at developing a knowledge-based economy, protecting Jordan’s natural environment and rich cultural heritage, promoting intercultural dialogue and cultural diversity, and in strengthening the institutionalization of culture for development. The present contribution is divided into two parts, the first covers the institutional/legislative framework; financial capacities of Jordanian institutions and describes the activities undertaken by UNESCO over the past years for the preservation of Jordan’s tangible heritage. The section shows UNESCO’s approach towards the conservation of sites from a more resilience-based perspective in an attempt to realize employment opportunities in the heritage sector and heritage as a vehicle for socio-economic resilience and sustainability. The second part of the present paper covers the collaborative efforts by UNESCO and the Jordanian Government in safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in the context of the UNESCO 2003 Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage, including the inscription of ICH elements into the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, the establishment of certain Jordanian institutions related to ICH safeguarding, and UNESCO’s support for Safeguarding ICH in Jordan on the national and international levels. This includes capacity building, raising awareness on the importance of ICH, managing and supporting projects for drawing community-based inventories of ICH elements in Jordan, and integrating ICH into the Jordanian educational arena. Some recommendations towards safeguarding ICH in Jordan on both the governmental and societal levels are given, e.g., involving museums, enhancing media and information channels, developing educational plans, investmenting in ICH in the sustainable tourism sector, and modifying existing legislation and constitutional provisions to protect ICH and its bearers.	[ { "display_name": "المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210229979", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W2770323750	Promoting youth employment and empowerment of young women in Jordan:An assessment of active labour market policies	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Drew Gardiner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5068291580" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Felix Weidenkaff", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5074100144" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Jonas Bausch", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5045021640" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Empowerment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C20555606" }, { "display_name": "Youth unemployment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780438764" }, { "display_name": "Unemployment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Employability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15302153" }, { "display_name": "Active labour market policies", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775965751" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2770323750	This report contributes to building consensus around the role of evidence-based active labour market policies (ALMPs) in promoting decent jobs for youth and empowerment of young women in Jordan. It identifies key barriers faced by young people in Jordan in their efforts to enter the labour market. Subsequently, it compares the current landscape of ALMPs for young people with global good practice and those barriers which are specific to Jordan. The report concludes with recommendations for policy-makers and programme implementers, aimed at making ALMPs in Jordan more effective at reducing youth unemployment and mismatches between jobs and skills. The goal is to enable young people to work in higher quality jobs with better working conditions, including increasing access to social protection and opportunities to participate in social dialogue. Comparing the current landscape of ALMPs in Jordan with global evidence and the local challenges facing young people on the labour market yields five main recommendations for policy-makers and practitioners: I. Prioritize investments in decent jobs for young people II. Improve the labour market opportunities of young women, especially those in rural areas III. Design ALMPs with an eye to global good practice and adapt them to local challenges IV. Improve the labour market access of refugees while safeguarding working conditions V. Promote evidence-based programming of ALMPs through a culture of monitoring, evaluation and learning	[]
https://openalex.org/W4388532913	The Role of Administrative Law in Safeguarding the Environment: A Jordanian Perspective Administrative Law and Environmental Protection in Jordan	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Sadam Mohammad Awaisheh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5020151894" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tariq kamal Alhasan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5055887106" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "AbedAlhameed Rajeh Kurdi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093230996" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Salah Mohammad Awaisheh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093230997" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Administrative law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C58583792" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C128069549" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Jurisprudence", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71043370" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Statute", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17319257" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[ "https://openalex.org/W4210665727", "https://openalex.org/W4312690048", "https://openalex.org/W4367397493", "https://openalex.org/W4382408073", "https://openalex.org/W4383225113", "https://openalex.org/W4386033702" ]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388532913	Objective: The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the role of administrative law, particularly the administrative judiciary, in safeguarding the environment within the Jordanian legal framework. The study aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which the administrative judiciary exercises oversight over administrative and regulatory authorities and to delineate the legal foundations underpinning administrative liability for environmental damages. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical underpinning of this study is anchored in the jurisprudential doctrines of administrative law and environmental governance. The study explores the intricate relationship between administrative jurisprudence and ecological stewardship, particularly in Jordan's unique environmental challenges and legal landscape. It posits that the administrative judiciary serves not merely as a procedural instrument but as a substantive agent of ecological governance. Method: The methodology employed is a rigorous legal analysis, incorporating a review of Jordan's statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions relevant to environmental protection. The study also draws upon secondary sources, including scholarly articles and commentaries, to comprehensively understand the subject matter. Result and Conclusion: The study reveals that the administrative judiciary in Jordan plays a pivotal role in environmental protection. It serves a dual function: as a guardian of environmental integrity and an oversight body for administrative regulatory authorities. The study also highlights the adoption of the doctrine of strict liability in the Jordanian legal system, emphasizing its significance in holding the administration accountable for environmental harm. Research Implications: The findings of this study have far-reaching implications for the development of environmental policy and legal frameworks in Jordan. They underscore the need for a more integrated approach harmonizing administrative law principles with environmental governance objectives. This necessitates reevaluating and recalibrating existing legal mechanisms to ensure they align with sustainable development principles and ecological justice. Originality/Value: The study offers a novel contribution to the existing body of literature on environmental law in Jordan by focusing on the often-overlooked role of the administrative judiciary. It provides a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in environmental governance and offers a theoretical framework that could serve as a foundation for future research in this domain.	[ { "display_name": "Journal of Law and Sustainable Development", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4387283902", "type": "journal" } ]
https://openalex.org/W1533434482	Challenges of the Jordanian museums : the role of environment in preventive conservation	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Raed Alghazawi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5010342597" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Excavation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C31858485" }, { "display_name": "Order (exchange)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1533434482	By the turn of century, increasing interest in archaeology in Jordan had resulted in more excavations and explorations of archaeological sites, and an increase in the number of monuments and antiquities being revealed. In response, it was necessary and urgent to establish museums in which to display such remains, aesthetically and historically and to ensure their protection. This was achieved over a fairly short period of time, and museums have the role of displaying and safeguarding the collection in its custody. However, a preliminary check gave the impression that most museums in Jordan do not have the necessary human and material resources to perform this function satisfactorily. In recent years, museum science experienced a strong advancement, in particular when dealing with issues of indoor environment, and models of requirements have been designed. This thesis aims to describe, analyse and discuss the current situation of a number of selected museums in Jordan, with a focus on aspects of indoor environment. It intends to be an inclusive study that would provide recommendations and suggestions, hopefully enabling official senior level museum staff to address these needs, and work to improve them in order to portray a good image of Jordan and its historical legacy. It has been noticed that, at present, some artefacts are suffering deterioration and damage due to uncontrolled environmental conditions and mishandling by untrained staff; if this situation is not addressed promptly it may well lead to the destruction of these valuable and vulnerable objects. For this reason, a study of the processes of deterioration is required, prior to any recommendations concerning conservation treatments. In fact, excavated archaeological objects can be conserved and stabilized by a combination of instruments, whether these objects are on display or kept in storage. Therefore the indoor museum environment should be controlled and the staff properly trained to deal with objects adequately. These are basic necessities to ensure that museums and staff are able to fulfil the role of a modern museum, i.e. to be a sustainable social and educational resource.	[]
https://openalex.org/W3156450022	Agricultural Socio-Economic Window in One Project Palm Fronds Recycling in Jordan	[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Ahmad Yousef Areiqat", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062788072" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Asaad Hameed Al-Ali", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5052877037" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Hussein Al-Yaseen", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038712704" } ]	[ { "display_name": "Palm oil", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2988237154" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Revenue", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195487862" }, { "display_name": "Dirt", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778582501" }, { "display_name": "Agroforestry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C54286561" }, { "display_name": "Frond", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147316620" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Profit (economics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C181622380" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Paleontology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Microeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787" } ]	[ "Jordan" ]	[]	https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3156450022	This research paper contends that date palm fronds are practical for recycling in Bitmus creation (organic horticultural soil) and have a decent potential as an organic fertilizer. Innovative tasks ask makers to reevaluate the utilization of these losses of crude materials, and attempt to safeguard them for organic, rural soil and organic fertilizers' fluid to be utilized for different plants and trees. This could help in safeguarding the climate and lessening the utilization of characteristic assets. The undertaking means to profit by the losses of palm trees in Al Ghor, Jordan, basically date palm fronds which are bountiful (They are by and by singed, causing contamination and damage for ranchers just as the dirt, the climate and the neighborhood network). Such fronds are changed into helpful scrounge for supplement creatures, domesticated animals, and soil fertilizers. The items from this venture will be of a high incentive for ranchers and can be accessible as an option for imported fertilizers at ideal expenses. Likewise the produce will contribute in beating the deficiency of scavenge materials in Jordan.	[ { "display_name": "Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764651816", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2967422335

The Ottoman Status Quo Regime and the Christian Sects in Jerusalem in the Late Nineteenth Century

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Fatima Salim Al Tarawneh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023015399" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Status quo", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776748549" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Sect", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776993492" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Turkish", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781121862" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]

[ "Turkey" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2967422335

What is known as the Status Quo Law is actually a law promulgated by the Ottoman State which ruled Jerusalem and the Arab lands in the middle of the nineteenth century and beyond after prolonged years of disputes between the Christian sects and communities subject to the suzerainty of the Ottoman State in Jerusalem, not to mention the interventions of European states, each one of which attempted to secure privileges inside Jerusalem. Actually, France was the first European state to secure capitulations (privileges) from the Ottoman state, followed by a number of other Europeans states at a subsequent time, the first of which was Britain which obtained commercial capitulations in the year 1580 A.D., followed by the Netherlands in 1612 A.D., and then Austria in 1616 A.D., followed by other states a century later or more, such as Sweden, Sicily, Denmark, Prussia and Spain. The abovementioned states utilized those concessions to be protectors of one or another of the Orthodox or Catholic sects in Jerusalem, where France was the protector of the Latin Catholics, and Russia of the Orthodox. Thus disputes between the Christian sects intensified as a consequence, which led to the Turkish Sultans issuing a firman since the year 1740 A.D. known as the Status Quo to each Christian sect safeguarding their rights in the holy places which established the rights of every sect and religious community which was present in Jerusalem, without permitting undertaking any change to the status quo since that date until the status was firmly established in 1852, and thus the rights of the various religious sects and communities were protected, at the forefront of which were the rights of the Christian sects in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. In reality the law is still to a great extent in effect till today.

[ { "display_name": "Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764640232", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2741269728

Cooperation aspects of regional Baltic-Adriatic air carriers

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Borivoj Galović", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5055695379" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Sanja Steiner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040210089" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Slobodan Kaštela", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067403948" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Aviation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C74448152" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Civil aviation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C512918668" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Harmonization", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779962950" }, { "display_name": "Order (exchange)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Acoustics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656" }, { "display_name": "Aerospace engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453" } ]

[ "Turkey" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2741269728

Recognising the integrated character of international civil aviation, Chicago Convention and ICAO illustrate the desire to explore new routes, equal conditions of competition and common rules, among others including the safety areas. However, different policy, progress and development, lack of political will and safeguarding of legal sovereignty has raised many barriers. The result is the failure in implementing the ICAOs worldwide standards. In order to achieve the aimed goals and provide further development in the Europe Region, initiatives for common regulations started some 30 years ago. Currently, the debate is going about the creation of a single European aviation safety authority (EASA). At the same time the European Community envisage the creation of a European Common Aviation Area (ECAA) and there are initiatives to create a Transatlantic Common Aviation Area (TCAA). It is left to transition countries to decide whether they wish to integrate and join the common market under the given rules or not. To speed up the process of establishing and initiating states co-operative regional relationships and getting them closer to the European integration, SECI was formed and is dealing with regional projects in transport, supported by operational activities of the UN Economy Commission for Europe. Additionally, this initiative was supported in 1996 by signing the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. It has resulted in code-share agreements between national carriers of SECI member states and others (Croatia Airlines, Lufthansa, Alitalia, Adria Airways, Air France, Czech Airlines, Iberia, Malaysia Airlines, Turkish Airlines, Avioimpex -Macedonian, Air Bosnia). There are present differences in transition progress and related institutional changes. A significant progress has been made, but there is a considerable way still to go. However, there are possibilities for air carriers to co-operate and establish direct regional routes - Baltic-Adriatic - on a code-sharing basis as the first step, although national regulations are not complementary. This could result in better services and high standards for the public, higher fleet utilisation, higher load factor and consequently better economic results. Economic indicators and air transport growth justify the goal-planning concept in the Baltic-Adriatic regional air carriers co-operation. Building up mutual recognition and adjusting safety management between air carriers can bring us closer to the European Common Aviation Area, to a single European aviation safety authority (EASA) and Worldwide Standards in the future.

[]

https://openalex.org/W4293176012

The Italian experience and its contribution to the Union Civil Protection Mechanism in reinforcing cultural heritage protection through the Proculther project

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Italy", "display_name": "Dipartimento della Protezione Civile", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159666", "lat": 41.89193, "long": 12.51133, "type": "government" } ], "display_name": "Veronica Piacentini", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5010752899" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Acronym", "id": "https://openalex.org/C482391" }, { "display_name": "Civil defense", "id": "https://openalex.org/C529740132" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Preparedness", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777042776" }, { "display_name": "Emergency management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62555980" }, { "display_name": "European union", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2910001868" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Turkey" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293176012

Purpose. The aim of the article is to explain how the Italian response capacities for the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk of disaster has been enhanced over the past twenty-five years and how it has contributed to raising the awareness of this issue at international level. Approach/methodology. For this purpose, the main steps made in the last decades by Italy in including the protection of cultural heritage among other emergency issues are described below. In fact, Italy has made many efforts in the past decades to improve the emergency management of cultural heritage, paying particular attention to preparedness, prevention and response actions. Since the end of the past century, dedicated training courses have been organized at all levels as well as local, national and international exercises with specific scenarios dedicated to the protection of cultural heritage at risk of disaster in order to test specific procedures needed to ensure this type of response. In the meantime, the drafting of standard operating procedures specifically addressing the protection of vulnerable cultural heritage emerged as a result of a keen collaboration between the Italian Ministry of Culture (Italian acronym MiC) and the National Civil Protection Department (Italian acronym DPC). Findings. In this process of constant evolution of operational and technical capacities aimed at reducing the risk of cultural heritage disasters, the combination of past experience and acquired competences of Italy, France, Spain, Turkey, ICCROM and Fondazione Villa Montesca has prompted the launch of the PROCULTHER project, co-funded by the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG-ECHO). Value. The project aims to support and complement the efforts made by the European Union to strengthen cooperation between the EU Member States and Participating States in this field. In this sense, by pooling together European civil protection capacities and capabilities and providing for common standards enabling certified and well-equipped teams to work interchangeably when a disaster strikes, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), is an essential and effective system aimed at allowing a stronger and more coherent collective response. Under this framework, the project is promoting, for the first time, the development of a common European methodology, tools and capacities in order to include the protection of cultural heritage in the disaster risk management cycle and to ensure structured collaboration among cultural heritage and civil protection stakeholders at local, national and European level.

[ { "display_name": "Libellarium", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210186434", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2799930518

The need for a global response against cybercrime: Qatar as a case study

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Qatar University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839", "lat": 25.377226, "long": 51.48715, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Aliya Tabassum", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5034922349" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Qatar University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839", "lat": 25.377226, "long": 51.48715, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mohammad Saleh Mustafa", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080820984" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Qatar University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I60342839", "lat": 25.377226, "long": 51.48715, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Somaya Al-Maadeed", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017608892" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Cybercrime", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779390178" }, { "display_name": "Cyberspace", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781241145" }, { "display_name": "Disinformation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776552730" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Internet privacy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108827166" }, { "display_name": "Harm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777363581" }, { "display_name": "Cyberwarfare", "id": "https://openalex.org/C171769113" }, { "display_name": "The Internet", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110875604" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Social media", "id": "https://openalex.org/C518677369" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "World Wide Web", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Qatar" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2548423554" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2799930518

Cybersecurity is one of the most significant concerns of life in the 21st century and safeguarding information systems is an arduous task for governments and companies across the globe. The tremendous growth in wireless communication and extensive usage of cyberspace has weakened privacy. Eventually, cybercrime has become the substantial threat to all the organizations in the world because of its devastating implications on diverse sectors associated to human. This paper explores few impacts of cybercrime to understand the intensity of damage it can cause. Besides, Qatar is taken as a case study to emphasize the exigency of securing cyberspace. The contribution of this work identifies the past cyber-attacks in Qatar to generate consciousness and to trigger actions for improving national security. The recent major cyber-attack on Qatar News Agency which led to catastrophic results and threatened Qatar's diplomacy is also outlined along with the critical challenges that are being faced by the security of Qatar. As cybercrime crosses borders of all nations, this paper emphasizes the need for global response to curb it. Additionally, it delineates the fact that attacks in cyberspace are not just driven by financial gain, but by politics or disinformation to denigrate and cause emotional harm.

[]

https://openalex.org/W4291368528

Qatar’s Regulations – Striking a Balance between Protectionist Measures and Encouragement of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Qatar

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Hamad bin Khalifa University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210144839", "lat": 25.28545, "long": 51.53096, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Maha K. Al Thani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5016104741" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Foreign direct investment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33842695" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Balance (ability)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C168031717" }, { "display_name": "Protectionism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22241219" }, { "display_name": "Prosperity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776554220" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Balance of trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22674136" }, { "display_name": "Diversification (marketing strategy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C180916674" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Balance of payments", "id": "https://openalex.org/C109948328" }, { "display_name": "International economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18547055" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Market economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Physical medicine and rehabilitation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99508421" }, { "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470" } ]

[ "Qatar" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4291368528

As part of its commitment to fostering economic prosperity and to further fortifying its already robust economy, Qatar has spearheaded several initiatives to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In doing so, however, Qatar must balance attracting investments from abroad while safeguarding its interests at home. This balance often becomes fragile as the same regulations imposed to offer protection to Qatari businesses (e.g., partial ownership and restricting investment to only a select few industries) often deter interests from abroad and raise barriers to entry. To restore this balance, Qatar has introduced various measures, including tax exemptions, free zones, and the use of commercial agents who are registered with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MOCI) to incentivize foreign investors and facilitate and stimulate the growth and diversification of its economy, while allowing the nation to protect its assets at home. This essay will argue that although Qatar’s regulation might discourage some investors, the law finds an appropriate balance between protecting Qatari interests and encouraging FDI.

[ { "display_name": "American journal of trade and policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210171740", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2189410178

Safeguarding Food And Environment In Qatar: A Research Project For Qatar And The Wider World

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Emel Aktaş", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5065925589" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Zeynep Topaloğlu", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5086765071" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Zahir Irani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5030777326" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Amir M. Sharif", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5061787561" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Qatar", "display_name": "Georgetown University in Qatar", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115356", "lat": 25.317902, "long": 51.443737, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Samsul Huda", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070772035" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Food security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C549605437" }, { "display_name": "Food safety", "id": "https://openalex.org/C516717267" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Supply chain", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108713360" }, { "display_name": "Population", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359" }, { "display_name": "Food packaging", "id": "https://openalex.org/C74139830" }, { "display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322" }, { "display_name": "Food processing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C88199923" }, { "display_name": "Product (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C90673727" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental health", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Food science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C31903555" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372" }, { "display_name": "Chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680" }, { "display_name": "Geometry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" } ]

[ "Qatar" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2189410178

Background & Objectives Global food chains have become longer and more complex owing to the decoupling of geographical locations where food is produced and consumed. Increases in global food prices, lower levels of production in grain-producing nations and rising costs of oil, fertilizers and transportation have raised concerns about food security in many countries, including Qatar. The population of Qatar has dramatically increased from 660,238 in 2003 to 2,077,357 in 2014. As a food-import-dependent nation, Qatar heavily relies on food coming from other countries. However, reports on food security and observations of the project team suggest that food supply chains have not been re-designed to accommodate this rapid increase in population and to account for the increased complexity due to globalised distribution. Distribution of food is challenging because it has to ensure that the product maintains its quality and safety while it is transported downstream on the chain and until it reaches the consumer. Inappropriate conditions and poor handling result in food being wasted. An awardee of the National Priorities Research Program 2014, this research project aims to provide strategic input for management of food supply chains considering characteristics of distribution and consumption of food in Qatar. Methods This research will incorporate food quality and food safety considerations into distribution optimisation models because transportation of food between various supply chain members affects food quality and food safety as well as food waste originating from deteriorating quality and emerging safety risks. It will focus on operational problems occurring during transportation and storage of food and provide an estimate of the waste occurring in distribution. Moreover, it will build a simulation model to establish the link between distribution frequencies and the food quality and food safety, exploring key interrelationships among quality and safety in food supply chains. Results In the distribution of food, management challenges faced by organisations delivering food to Qatar are related to limited shelf lives of food products, temperature and humidity requirements, possible interaction effects between products, and delivery time windows of products. Food wasted at the end of the food supply chain incurs the highest costs and uses the highest level of energy because the food has already been grown, processed, transported, stored, and sold before ending up in the trash. This research project will investigate consumers' contribution to the generation of food waste in an attempt to reduce the waste originating from variations in demand. Conclusions Waste in the food supply chain results in inefficient use of natural resources such as water, energy and land through supply chain operations such as production, processing, distribution, consumption and disposal. The problem of food waste is emotive because it raises ethical issues about the accessibility of food while millions of people around the world live in hunger. The waste, cost and environmental impact due to production, distribution and consumption of food occur globally. The significance of this project lies in its focus on food waste as complementary to the ongoing efforts in Qatar for achieving food security and environmental sustainability.

[ { "display_name": "Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2014 Issue 1", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525074", "type": "conference" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3112422215

ADAPTIVE REUSE: SAFEGUARDING THE HERITAGE VALUES

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Silvia Mazzetto", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5074329517" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Adaptive reuse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776809989" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Urban sprawl", "id": "https://openalex.org/C487182" }, { "display_name": "Harmony (color)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776453491" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Sense of place", "id": "https://openalex.org/C115081989" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Intervention (counseling)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780665704" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Urban planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C49545453" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Economic geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Visual arts", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586" } ]

[ "Qatar" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3112422215

In the last decades, Qatar, a small peninsula in the Gulf Region, has unexpectedly experienced a fast, urban growth due to oil discovery and exportation. Doha, the capital of Qatar, is currently affected by a dispute concerning its direction of growth: form one side, the edification of a new contemporary global city, and the other side, the need to preserve the local heritage by establishing new links with the local traditions and history. The paper presents some recently completed adaptive re-use interventions in Qatar and demonstrates how the need to enhance the recognition for the Qatari architecture can intensify the perception and evaluation of the local significance. The conservation projects have been analyzed and compared, concerning socio-cultural, socio-economic, and environmental aspects linked with the adaptive re-use adopted approach. The results show that there exist many connections between the local heritage re-use, preservation of ancient natural materials, enhancement of socio-cultural values, and symbiosis with the environmental condition that could also be applied to any future restoration approach. The concept of sustainable re-use is thus described through the principles of unity and harmony in an extended meaning that includes materials preservation, ecosystem recognition, and social aspects applied to the two scales of intervention, both urban and architectural. The aim is to define a consistent approach in preserving the Qatari heritage while enhancing sustainable principles.

[ { "display_name": "Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202186", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3145613666

Socio-Economic Development, Globalization and the Need for Heritage Policy in Qatar: Case Study

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mariam Ibrahim Al-Hammadi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000190832" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Ibrahim Al-Kaabi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017811397" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Values", "id": "https://openalex.org/C194229684" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Globalization", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2119116" }, { "display_name": "Sustainable development", "id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Qatar" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3145613666

Qatar, has a rich history and seen many changes in a small amount of time, investigating its heritage. Although a young state established in 1868 Qatar’s key sectors is trying to create their own policy strategies. Major issues concern cultural heritage, sporting, education and natural resources. In present paper it is argued Qatar’s Benefit by recentralising focus on to heritage policies. Issue of Qatar’s heritage policy regarding safeguarding of cultural Heritage is deemed important. We place Qatar’s need to reserve cultural heritage as one of great concern worldwide that remains a critical duty. The UNESCO upholds heritage protection as a universal issue and here we focus on two closely connected factors, social change, and globalizations; a change as a result of a large economic development, which the country is witnessing from the rapid acceleration in development and social changes. The impact of economic growth and globalization on the Qatari heritage is inevitable. Following UNESCO policies in practice we are proposing a new model for Qatar’s heritage policies, with example topics to be covered refer to activities, education, policies, preservation. A critical discussion on the social, economic, external factor is made. Emphasis is given to the sustainability in cultural heritage, the cohesion and well-being, the ecosystem supporting artists, cultural and creative professionals and Arabian content, the gender equality, the international cultural relation, with the culture as a driver for sustainable development. The proposed integrated heritage model for Qatar is considered valuable in maintaining its heritage, while also adapting to future challenges and enhance regional and international cooperation and peace.

[ { "display_name": "Open Journal of Social Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2784850370", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400014", "type": "repository" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3113194195

Safeguarding the Buddha Statues in Bamiyan and the Sustainable Protection of Afghan Cultural Heritage

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mounir Bouchenaki", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5072825905" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Gautama Buddha", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524757792" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Afghan", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780587734" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Buddhism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75699723" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Qatar", "Egypt" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2138404004" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3113194195

Sadly, the cultural heritage of Afghanistan has suffered cruelly from the conflicts and disasters. But the most dramatic destruction was the one decided by the chief of the Taliban regime, Mullah Omar, on 26 February 2001 for the destruction of the two giant Buddha statues in the carved during the fifth century AD in the Bamiyan Valley. Under the authority and support of the UNESCO Director-General Koichiro Matsuura, a series of actions were undertaken to mobilize political and religious personalities of the Islamic States that could influence the Taliban. The Taliban announced their decision 1 week to 10 days before Aid el Adha, one of the most important Islamic festivals, commemorating the Abraham Sacrifice, fixed on March 8, 2001. UNESCO Director-General was able to speak by telephone with President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, who immediately accepted to facilitate a mission of Egyptian religious personalities led by Sheikh Al-Azhar to Kandahar in order to persuade the Taliban over their concerns for errors in interpreting Islamic law. To respond to the numerous questions that UNESCO received after the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan, a conference of experts in Islamic law was organized in Qatar, end of December 2001, at the occasion of regular meeting of the Ministers of Culture of the Islamic World, which proclaimed the “Doha Declaration on Islam and Cultural Heritage”.

[ { "display_name": "Springer eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463937", "type": "ebook platform" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4390445535

Quality of Life and Job Performance of Employees of a Construction Company in Doha, Qatar, during the 2022 FIFA World Cup

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[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Workforce", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778139618" }, { "display_name": "Quality (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Job design", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139140526" }, { "display_name": "Operations management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014" }, { "display_name": "Job satisfaction", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2718322" }, { "display_name": "Job performance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C174954385" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Epistemology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728" } ]

[ "Qatar" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390445535

Hosting mega-sport events is a risk-involving decision, but the intangible benefits as an outcome cannot be ignored. This study gauged the impact of the 2022 FIFA World Cup on the quality of life through the working conditions, public safety, and cost of living related to the job performance of the 20 finance and accounting department workforce of a construction company in Doha, Qatar. Employing the descriptive-correlation method as the research design, the data gathered using the researcher-structured questionnaire were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Spearman Rho coefficient correlation test as statistical tools. The study concluded that the anticipated negative quality of life indicators did not materialize during the mega-sport event. Further, the 2022 FIFA World Cup did not negatively impact the respondents' job performance since they still managed to perform their job assignments well. The paper, therefore, encourages that, at the very least, employees to diligently perform their jobs at all times while employers provide the necessities and should always consider safeguarding their employees' quality of life while at work by providing decent and comfortable working conditions and reasonable compensation and benefits enabling them to adequately cover their cost of living, especially during periods where mega-events are to be held within the geographical scope of their business operations. This study is useful for policymakers who are planning to utilize mega events to enhance the quality of life and job performance of working residents of the host communities.

[ { "display_name": "Inclusive Society and Sustainability Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210178157", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3165187059

Russia –Traffic in Transit (不可審查的國家安全例外？——以 t案為核心探討GATT XXI)

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[ { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Interpretation (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C527412718" }, { "display_name": "Jurisdiction", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776949292" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "National security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C528167355" }, { "display_name": "Settlement (finance)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777063073" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Payment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]

[ "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Bahrain", "United Arab Emirates" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3165187059

English abstract: Comparing to the well-interpreted GATT Article XX General Exception Clause with abundant dispute settlement ruling precedents guiding its use, the GATT Article XXI security exception is rarely invoked and discussed through the history of GATT and WTO. However, after President Trump took office and invoked Article 232 of the 1962 U.S. Trade Expansion Act to impose restrictions on steel and aluminum products on the grounds of safeguarding national security, the applicability of GATT Article XXI has now grasped the world’s attention. In the recent trade disputes between Ukraine and Russia, and between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates, GATT Article XXI was also the core matter of the case. In order to better understand how GATT Article should be applied, referencing recent Russia —Traffic in Transit Panel Report, this article shall analyze the application of the GATT Article XXI National Security Exception. Matters such as the justiciability of GATT Article XXI, whether WTO dispute settlement mechanism may exercise jurisdiction upon GATT Article XXI disputes, and about the “self-judging nature” GATT Article XXI shall be discussed. In part one, this article shall start with reviewing the recent WTO-Members’ invocation of GATT Article XXI national security exceptions, and shall highlight the possibility of the abusive use of such provision. Part two then starts by addressing the GATT Article XXI provision, and shall interpret the provision through contextual interpretation, historical interpretation, and shall supplement the discussion with scholars’ comments and analyses. Part three focuses on illustrating the Russia — Traffic in Transit decision, with particular focus on assessing the Panel’s interpretation and application of GATT Article XXI. Part four comments on the Panel’s Russia — Traffic in Transit ruling and shall illustrate the potential impact this decision may cause to later disputes. Part five concludes. Chinese abstract: 世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization, WTO）在降低關稅及非關稅貿易障礙而促進國際貿易發展，維護國際貿易公平競爭場域之餘，WTO在《關稅暨貿易總協定》（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT）第XX條及第XXI條下，也分別制定一般性例外（general exception）及國家安全例外（security exception），允許會員得在基於特定事由並符合特定條件時，得採取與GATT相違背的貿易限制措施。然而，相較第XX條一般性例外在多次被援引後，有豐富之爭端解決裁決先例，可指引此條款之解釋及適用；第XXI條之，即是在所確立安全例外規定，則因鮮少被援引且未曾被爭端解決機制（dispute settlement mechanism）審理，導致其解釋適用留有諸多爭議。在實務上，美國川普總統自上任以來，即援引美國「1962年貿易擴張法第232條款（1962 Trade Expansion Act Section 232）」，以維護國家安全為由，對鋼鐵產品實施進口限制，並主張其措施與GATT第XXI條第2項第3款之國家安全例外規定相符，且美國有權自行判斷是否有危害其實質國家利益情狀發生，並可自行決定採取何種措施為適當，引發國際間對安全例外條款可能被濫用之疑慮。且除美國外，當前烏克蘭與俄羅斯，沙烏地阿拉伯、巴林以及阿拉伯聯合大公國對卡達實施的貿易限制措施，均亦援引GATT第XXI條第2項第3款國家安全例外為正當化事由。有鑒於WTO會員對於國家安全例外條款中，關於「涉及會員重大安全利益」以及「國際關係緊張時期」等抽象及概括要件之解釋存有歧異，並因該條款是否為「自我審查條款（self-judging provision）」，使援引者得排除WTO其他會員以及WTO爭端解決機構對措施合法性、合目的性及必要性審查，且著眼於各國似有擴大援引國家安全例外條款實施貿易限制措施之趨勢，凸顯在國際貿易法律研究上，有充實對國家安全例外條款研究之必要。本文分為五個部分分析GATT第XXI條國家安全例外條款之解釋適用。在前言中，本文將檢視近年各國援引國家安全例外條款而實施之貿易限制措施，述明當前因國家安全例外適用而引發之國際貿易法律問題爭議，以及國家安全例外條款被濫用之可能。第貳部分則透過文義解釋、歷史性解釋以及體系解釋等法學方法以及學者論述分析，統整國家安全例外條款之解釋適用見解。第參部分以WTO爭端解決小組於2019年6月做成的「俄羅斯—過境轉運案（Russia—Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit）」裁決為核心，除說明該案事實背景及涉及國家安全例外條款適用之爭點外，更將聚焦小組對第XXI條第2項第3款適用之論理，以及小組在該案中否定國家安全例外為「自我審查條款」，但肯認會員就「認定國家安全利益」及「決定措施必要性」擁有廣泛裁量權之見解。第肆部份就俄羅斯—過境轉運案之小組裁決提出評析，除分析本案對國家安全例外條款整體適用之影響外，並將說明本裁決對其他涉及安全例外條款爭端解決之可參考性，以及本案未能釋疑而尚待後案處理之問題。第伍部分提出結論。

[ { "display_name": "Social Science Research Network", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589", "type": "repository" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3023838824

Building Crafts in Palestine: From Production to Knowledge Production

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Norway", "display_name": "Making View (Norway)", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087414", "lat": 60.79644, "long": 11.063399, "type": "company" } ], "display_name": "Khaldun Bshara", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5056739682" } ]

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[ "Palestine", "West Bank", "Gaza" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3023838824

Since its establishment in 1991, Riwaq has recognized the challenging complexities of preserving Palestinian collective memory through projects that document and restore architectural heritage sites across the West Bank and Gaza. Riwaq is distinguished by its focus on rural areas in Palestine, where tens of historic buildings were restored as community and cultural centers, mainly for marginalized groups. Because of the huge demand for restoration and the scarcity of human and financial resources, Riwaq has been prioritizing and implementing “The 50-Village Rehabilitation Project” in which rehabilitation and safeguarding of heritage in Palestine function as a tool for socio-economic and political development. Throughout its life span, Riwaq has turned to the field of heritage as a medium of thinking about urgent and emergent social-economic-cultural-political concerns. In this paradigm, heritage is not only a field for knowledge production but also for change. See https://www.riwaq.org/our-story.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Modern Craft", "id": "https://openalex.org/S107734394", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W576113195

The Arab League : British documentary sources 1943-1963

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Anita L. P. Burdett", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5076218957" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Boycott", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780105190" }, { "display_name": "League", "id": "https://openalex.org/C207456731" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Foreign policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93377909" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Astronomy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C1276947" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" } ]

[ "Palestine", "Lebanon", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "Egypt", "Iraq" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W576113195

On 22 March 1945 the Pact of the Arab League States was signed in Cairo by Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan and Saudi Arabia. Its objectives were closer unity between members, the safeguarding of their sovereignty and co-ordinated political action. Here now in facsimile are the authentic documents of that time, and the following 20 years, following the aims and the progress of the main organ of Arab unity this century. Details include the origins of the Arab League; its creation and inauguration; issues such as the boycott of Jewish firms and products; policy on Palestine; collective security; inter-Arab and foreign, relations.

[]

https://openalex.org/W4387109785

Analyzing Precipitation Acidity Changes Post Train Derailment and Vinyl Chloride Release in East Palestine, Ohio: Exploring Biomedical and Environmental Ramifications

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Gilles Sèbe", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5065632477" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Kristen Vogle", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956080" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Brendan Meyers", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956081" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Adenike Elizabeth Adewoyin", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956082" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Livina C. Iheme", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956083" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Henrietta Nneka Emeka", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092956084" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Vinyl chloride", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781460079" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Hazardous waste", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22507642" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Derailment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C197090313" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Waste management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761" }, { "display_name": "Chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680" }, { "display_name": "Track (disk drive)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C89992363" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620" }, { "display_name": "Copolymer", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15920480" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Polymer", "id": "https://openalex.org/C521977710" } ]

[ "Palestine" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W3043802276" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387109785

This study investigates the aftermath of a significant train derailment and vinyl chloride release incident in East Palestine, Ohio, with a particular focus on the analysis of precipitation acidity changes and the concentration of vinyl chloride in samples. The research seeks to elucidate the complex relationship between industrial accidents, atmospheric chemistry, and their potential implications for human health and the environment. Through meticulous examination of variations in precipitation acidity patterns, this study provides valuable insights into the dispersion and impact of toxic agents in the environment following industrial mishaps. The results underscore the intricate interplay between these factors, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach that bridges the realms of environmental science and biomedical concerns. This research contributes to a growing body of knowledge that addresses the broader consequences of industrial incidents on public health. It underscores the importance of proactive measures, such as enhanced monitoring and surveillance, risk assessment, public education, and regulatory reform, to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with industrial activities involving hazardous materials. By fostering collaboration between experts and stakeholders, this study advocates for a holistic approach to safeguarding both our environment and the well-being of communities affected by industrial accidents.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Water Resource and Protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/S175274235", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4389629313

Updating and enhancing the Protected Areas Network of Palestine: A step towards biodiversity conservation

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mazin Β. Qumsiyeh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5057440460" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Duaa Hussein", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475265" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Natalia Boulad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5012732798" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Issa Musa Albaradeiya", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5054935340" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammad Mahasnah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475266" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammad Abusarhan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043793574" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammed Najajrah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475267" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Banan Al-Shaikh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093475268" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Elias N. Handal", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5069505547" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Zuhair S. Amr", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059554308" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890" }, { "display_name": "IUCN Red List", "id": "https://openalex.org/C43827410" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "IUCN protected area categories", "id": "https://openalex.org/C120860951" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Protected area", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779223538" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Palestine" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389629313

The Protected Area Network (PAN) in Palestine has undergone a comprehensive evaluation and revision to ensure its effectiveness in conserving biodiversity. This re-evaluation was necessary as the previous PAN lacked clear rationale and included areas designated for non-biological reasons. The evaluation process involved analysing the 50 areas in the previous PAN, as well as conducting Marxan analysis and incorporating new data based on IUCN criteria. The evaluation process led to eliminating, combining and adjusting areas, resulting in a revised PAN consisting of 28 areas. This updated PAN represents all vegetation types and phytogeographical zones in Palestine, effectively protecting key ecoregions in the Mediterranean hotspot. The revision of the PAN has increased the total protected land mass from 9 per cent to 9.98 per cent. This expansion provides additional areas where biodiversity can thrive undisturbed, ensuring the long-term survival of species and ecosystems. The updated PAN was adopted at the highest level of government, signifying the importance and commitment to biodiversity conservation in Palestine. This achievement demonstrates the progress made by Palestine in safeguarding its natural heritage.

[ { "display_name": "Parks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210184044", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2085918713

Enter and Be Welcome: Doorways in the Old City of Bethlehem, Palestine

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Shadi Sami Ghadban", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5081338940" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Shireen Fares Sahouri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5082294706" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Identification (biology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C116834253" }, { "display_name": "Identity (music)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778355321" }, { "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Function (biology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Aesthetics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Botany", "id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Machine learning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082" }, { "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Palestine" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W97224549" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085918713

ABSTRACT The contribution of doorways to our understanding of the history and function of a building and its historical context cannot be overstated. For this study, the doorways of Bethlehem were examined. This city has played an important role in the history of Palestine and has the distinction of being the birthplace of Jesus. The identification and protection of its unique doorways is imperative to preserving its cultural identity and historical authenticity. Consequently, the main objective here was to study the Old City of Bethlehem; document and analyze the condition, form, types, and characteristics of its doorways; and assess their value as historic forms that might be considered within a process of safeguarding and adapted use.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764665464", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2494939043

Palestine: The paradox of Self-Determination

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Christopher D. O’Sullivan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5057675291" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Middle East", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3651065" }, { "display_name": "Palestine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C114362828" }, { "display_name": "Opposition (politics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780668109" }, { "display_name": "Alienation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C171773132" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "German", "id": "https://openalex.org/C154775046" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]

[ "Palestine", "State of Palestine", "Iran", "Egypt", "Iraq" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2000877722" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2494939043

With Italian and German forces penetrating the resource-rich and strategically vital Middle East, the Anglo-American Allies wanted to avoid further antagonizing the Arabs over Palestine. After the British interventions in Iraq, the Levant, Iran, and Egypt, the State Department feared that any further alienation might spark opposition in other countries as well, including India, and require the diversion of troops. The war starkly demonstrated the importance of good relations with the peoples of the Middle East for safeguarding vital supply lines and resources (particularly oil) and protecting troops and lines of communication. More provocations might jeopardize FDR’s larger objectives, pitting US forces against the peoples of the region, most merely asserting a “natural desire” for self-rule.4

[ { "display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463717", "type": "ebook platform" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4387543188

Combating the desert locust crisis in Afghanistan: safeguarding food security, humanitarian stability, and health impacts

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Pakistan", "display_name": "Dow University of Health Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I39727005", "lat": 24.8608, "long": 67.0104, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hidayat Ullah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059202779" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Pakistan", "display_name": "Dow University of Health Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I39727005", "lat": 24.8608, "long": 67.0104, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khulud Qamar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5066261438" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Pakistan", "display_name": "Dow University of Health Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/I39727005", "lat": 24.8608, "long": 67.0104, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdullah Shinwari", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062874749" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Afghanistan", "display_name": "Kabul University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I19231517", "lat": 34.517467, "long": 69.13596, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdullah Malikzai", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5048803403" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Desert (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776130869" }, { "display_name": "Food security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C549605437" }, { "display_name": "Desert locust", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779670156" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Locust", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776041477" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Schistocerca", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781335186" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "West Bank", "Yemen", "Somalia", "Morocco" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W3007759540", "https://openalex.org/W3080289968" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387543188

Introduction The desert locust is regarded as the most destructive migratory pest worldwide. According to the United Nations, an average swarm of up to 40 million insects may cover 150 km in a day and consume enough food to feed 34 million people in that period. Adults deposit eggs, before they hatch, can produce a generation up to 20 times larger than the one before it, and can survive for up to 3 months1. Around 100 countries are threatened by massive locust outbreaks, with Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya being the worst affected. These epidemics pose a threat to the environment and agricultural output. For the years 1912 through 1989, there have been 6 significant locust outbreaks that have all been linked to prolonged droughts, mild winters, and the occurrence of substantial spring and summer precipitation. The most severe outbreaks were in East Africa, India, and Pakistan2. Afghanistan has been badly hit by a disastrous locust outbreak, which threatens one-quarter of the country’s annual harvest. According to Richard Trenchard, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization national representative, the large-scale breakout of Moroccan locusts will most likely be “devastating” in 8 key agricultural provinces, primarily in the North and Northeast. The locust breakout further aggravated the worst economic catastrophe in the country’s history3. The use of widely used pesticides in locust control, as well as the consumption of sprayed locusts shortly after spraying, has an adverse effect on the health of humans and has implications for the sustainability of ecosystem services and biodiversity4. The desert locust crisis According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the past 2 epidemics (20 y and 40 y ago) cost Afghanistan 8% and 25% of its annual wheat crop. A Moroccan locust outbreak this year alone might result in crop losses ranging from 700,000 to 1.2 million metric tons of wheat, accounting for up to a quarter of the annual harvest. If the Moroccan locust population is not managed, it might double by 100-fold next year, posing even more challenges for farming and food security in Afghanistan and its neighbors5. The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is one of 18–20 grasshopper species, with about 10 subspecies found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, with the ability to swarm across long distances (10 h/d, up to 150 km), and is one of the oldest, largest, and most destructive migratory pests causing agricultural damage2. The desert locust has a 3–6 month life cycle and a mature female locust can lay roughly 100 eggs every day. The larvae grow quickly and mature in around 20 days, becoming the initiator of the following batch of insect pests (Fig. 1).Figure 1: The life cycle of locusts. Modified from2. Adaptations are themselves works protected by copyright. So in order to publish this adaptation, authorization must be obtained both from the owner of the copyright in the original work and from the owner of copyright in the translation or adaptation.Addressing the crisis In recent history, Afghanistan had 2 brushes with the Moroccan locust: one in 1981, when an outbreak took off over a quarter of the national harvest, and another in 2003, when it claimed a more modest 8% due to an improved locust-control effort. The Moroccan locust is one of the most economically devastating plant pests in the world, consuming around 150 distinct plant species, 50 of which are food crops and all of which are grown in Afghanistan. Locust sightings at various stages of development have been reported in Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Kunduz, Samangan, Sar-e-Pul, and Takhar provinces, with new reports coming in from the Heart and Ghor regions3. Figure 2 illustrates the 6 big desert locust outbreaks recorded between 1912 and 1989, all of which were strongly linked to dry and warm weather during that period2.Figure 2: Annual locust outbreaks in the world for the past 150 years. Modified from2. Adaptations are themselves works protected by copyright. So in order to publish this adaptation, authorization must be obtained both from the owner of the copyright in the original work and from the owner of copyright in the translation or adaptation.Socioeconomic and humanitarian consequences The livelihoods of Afghanistan’s population have been severely compromised due to the infestation of desert locusts, resulting in detrimental health problems for the people residing. The locusts are infected with microbial pathogens that can lead to the outbreak of various diseases. The pesticides used can cause major illnesses presenting with respiratory and neurological symptoms if inhaled. This is further associated with fetal deaths, birth defects, and cancers. In addition, these locusts severely disrupt the crops grown in Afghanistan, the food shortage will lead to starvation, malnutrition, and growth retardation. The desert locust is currently responsible for the loss of agricultural productivity and widespread crop destruction. According to available statistics, the regions of Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Kunduz, Samangan, Sar-e-Pul, and Takhar have recently experienced an estimated decrease of 1.2 million metric tons of wheat, accounting for ~25% of the total annual harvest6. This loss has not only impacted the income and livelihoods of farmers but has also disrupted the food supply chain, reducing food availability for both rural and urban populations. Given Afghanistan’s heavy reliance on domestic food production to meet its population’s dietary needs, the consequences of crop destruction are particularly severe, with the risk of famine looming over the country. Considering that agriculture serves as one of the most profitable sectors in Afghanistan, the instability caused by the locust infestation will lead to substantial economic losses. The devastating impact of the desert locust infestation extends beyond economic losses. Endemic areas affected by the locust invasion are seeing mass migration and displacement of communities. This humanitarian crisis has far-reaching implications, including increased health risks and the potential for disease outbreaks. Displaced populations often face inadequate access to health care, sanitation facilities, and clean water, exacerbating the vulnerability of already marginalized communities. Lessons from past experiences and best practices To address the escalating challenges, international and national authorities must respond promptly and supply adequate support in Afghanistan. Organizations like the World Bank Group have provided regions of Africa with a financing package totaling USD 160 million. Efforts to combat locusts are also receiving funding in Yemen ($25 million), Pakistan ($200 million), and Somalia ($40 million)7. Similarly in Afghanistan, immediate interventions should include the allocation of financial resources and the implementation of targeted programs to combat the locust outbreak, ensure food security, and support affected communities. Furthermore, long-term investments in agricultural research, early warning systems, and preventive measures are necessary to predict and mitigate the impacts of future locust infestations. There are encouraging examples of other countries effectively managing locust control. In Caucasus and Central Asia, West/Northwest Africa (the Western Region), and the Horn of Africa (the Central Region), success can be attributed to community involvement, early warning systems, and national monitoring systems8. India has an integrated pest management strategy, focusing on biological control techniques and resistant crop varieties9. The Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority’s use of aerial spraying of 85,948 donums in infected regions and partnerships for resources highlights the value of global cooperation10. Afghanistan should establish a similar system that combines community-based surveillance and early warning mechanisms. Conclusion and call to action In conclusion, immediate and coordinated action is crucial to address the desert locust infestation in Afghanistan through global solidarity and coordinated efforts. Adequate funding and implementation of programs aimed at eradicating the crisis are essential. Moreover, investing in research, early warning systems, and preventive measures will help predict and prevent future locust outbreaks. By adopting initiative-taking approaches and taking preventive measures and preparedness, Afghanistan can mitigate the impact of locust infestations, safeguard its agricultural sector, and ensure food security for its population. Ethical approval Ethics approval was not required for this short communication article. Sources of funding Not applicable. Author contributions H.U.: wrote the introduction and edited the revised draft. K.Q.: wrote socioeconomic and humanitarian consequences, lessons from past experiences and best practices, and conclusion and call to action. A.S. and A.M.: made the critical comments and revision. Conflict of interest disclosures The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) Not applicable. Guarantor Abdullah Malikzai.

[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Surgery Global Health", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210188486", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W1769142483

Definitions and Determinants of Handicap in People with Disabilities

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Lebanon", "display_name": "American University of Beirut", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98635879", "lat": 33.901093, "long": 35.48153, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khuzama Shaar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040314787" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "University of London", "id": "https://openalex.org/I124357947", "lat": 51.50853, "long": -0.12574, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mark J. McCarthy", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5074043906" } ]

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[ "Lebanon" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1769142483

Journal Article Definitions and Determinants of Handicap in People with Disabilities Get access Khuzama Shaar, Khuzama Shaar 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon Dr. Khuzama Shaar, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, 850 Third Avenue, No. 18, New York, NY 10022 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark McCarthy Mark McCarthy 2Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, University of LondonLondon, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 2, 1994, Pages 228–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036152 Published: 01 March 1994 Article history Received: 30 October 1992 Published: 01 March 1994 Revision received: 22 September 1994

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https://openalex.org/W2020693490

Holistic conservation of bio-cultural diversity in coastal Lebanon: A landscape approach

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[ "Lebanon" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020693490

Bridging terrestrial and marine ecosystems, Mediterranean coastal littorals are important floral and faunal habitats and an important component of the traditional Mediterranean landscape mosaic. The expanding urban footprint in Mediterranean littorals is increasingly threatening semi-natural sites and agriculture in coastal landscape. This paper proposes a holistic landscape approach to the sustainable planning of coastal littorals arguing that it is more likely to succeed because it is integrative of the concerns for safeguarding environmental resources and conservation of biodiversity but also responsive to socio-economic concerns of securing agricultural livelihood and providing for the cultural needs for open/green spaces by the growing inhabitants of coastal cities. The challenge is to combine protection for the three seemingly disparate activities. The town of Damour on the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon is taken as a case study. The wide coastal, banana cultivated plain makes for an exceptionally verdant landscape and scenic reprieve in an otherwise predominantly urbanized coastline. The methodology of ecological landscape design is applied to secure a holistic reading of the physical setting and propose a holistic, integrative conceptual model for the protection of coastal biodiversity that is ecologically sensitive and in synergy with agricultural and cultural uses.

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https://openalex.org/W3100942227

Safeguarding a global seed heritage from Syria to Svalbard

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[ "Lebanon", "Syria", "Morocco" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3100942227

Crop diversity underpins food security and adaptation to climate change. Concerted conservation efforts are needed to maintain and make this diversity available to plant scientists, breeders and farmers. Here we present the story of the rescue and reconstitution of the unique seed collection held in the international genebank of International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Syria. Being among the first depositors to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, ICARDA managed to safety duplicate more than 80% of its collection before the last staff had to leave the genebank in 2014 because of the war. Based on the safety duplicates, ICARDA since 2015 have rebuilt their collections and resumed distribution of seeds to users internationally from their new premises in Morocco and Lebanon. We describe the multifaceted and layered structure of the global system for the conservation and use of crop diversity that enabled this successful outcome. Genebanks do not work alone but in an increasingly strengthened and experienced multilateral system of governance, science, financial support and collaboration. This system underpins efforts to build sustainable and socially equitable agri-food systems. Genebanks are repositories of genetic diversity, and getting the seeds to the facilities depends on committed researchers going, if necessary, into war-torn areas in order to save and transport their resources. This narrative recounts one such journey and the system that underpins these facilities and individuals.

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https://openalex.org/W2017163453

Made in the U.S.A.: American Military Aid to Israel

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[ "Lebanon", "Gaza", "Israel" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2738844865" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017163453

Enforcement of U.S. law concerning weapons exports and the disbursement of military aid are subject to highly politicized interpretations of concepts like ““legitimate self-defense”” and ““safeguarding internal security.”” As illustrated by Israel's July 2006 war in Lebanon and its 2008––2009 Operation Cast Lead in Gaza, Washington has essentially allowed Israel to define ““self-defense”” however it chooses. This overview of U.S. military aid to Israel, including weapons sales and related support of its domestic military industrial complex, examines in detail the mechanisms through which aid is funneled, the restrictions on aid that do exist, and the uses to which U.S. military aid has been put——particularly in terms of Israel's military operations and its exports abroad.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Palestine Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S88529193", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2081772111

Influence of drying conditions on the quality of Origanum syriacum L.

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[ "Lebanon" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081772111

The temperature and the speed of drying may affect the quality of the end product of medicinal plants. In addition, ecotypes and chemotypes could be factors influencing this quality. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore various techniques of drying of Origanum syriacum L., which is considered as a main ingredient in the Lebanese diet. For all these reasons, we decided to study two types of O. syriacum originating from Rkai and Ibrine regions on which analyses were carried out. In view of our results, a moderate temperature, in the absence of light, is more favourable for the safeguarding of the flavours and chlorophylls. On the other hand, these conditions seem to be unsuitable for other substances. In order to clarify the optimal conditions for drying of O. syriacum to lead to a product of quality, the choice of a technique of suitable dehydration seems to be delicate.

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https://openalex.org/W3198161821

Brokered discrimination for a fee: the incompatibility of domestic work placement agencies with rights-based global governance of migration

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[ "Lebanon", "Jordan" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3198161821

In the past decade tackling ‘abusive recruitment’ has catapulted to the top of international migration governance agendas, largely in the slipstream of anti-trafficking advocacy. In this context, the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) aims to ‘facilitate fair and ethical recruitment’ while ‘safeguarding the conditions that ensure decent work’. However, recruiters’ responsibility for systemic and discriminatory racialised and gendered employment patterns remain largely ignored by policymakers, despite non-discrimination being a fundamental labour right. This paper responds by drawing on a qualitative research study conducted with migrant domestic worker placement agencies in Jordan, Lebanon, and Bangladesh between 2013 and 2015. The paper shows that agencies in Amman and Beirut deliberately recruited and supplied Bangladeshi women as the cheapest available domestic workers. I argue that such structural discrimination impacted on Bangladeshi women’s position in the labour market, including on their pay and ability to organise. The paper concludes that without tackling this issue, private sector recruitment will remain a substantial obstacle to the advancement of a rights-based and socially fair approach to the global regulation of worker migration.

[ { "display_name": "Global Public Policy and Governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169212", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4306179614

Assessing The Costs and Benefits of Adopting Solar Energy on The Bottom Line in The Lebanese Foodservice Industry: Owners’ And Managers’ Perspectives

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[ "Lebanon" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4306179614

Electricity provides various benefits to the economy, including the availability of electrical gadgets and improved lighting. Therefore, the loss of power is seen as a major setback, particularly in Lebanon. It would be incredibly challenging to provide modern energy such as electricity to light a room, cook a meal, or operate a restaurant. Restaurants in Lebanon either lack access to or cannot afford to pay for reliable sources of electricity. This means that individuals in Lebanon are able to pay for and make use of the newly accessible electricity. Convenience sampling is used when a researcher has ready access to the population from which to draw a sample. A wide range of managers participated in this poll. In Lebanese settings, only 300 out of 350 requested survey participants showed up. People who care about the environment are more likely to buy renewable energy. In general, advocates for the use of renewable energy sources tend to be those who are environmentally sensitive and who feel a personal commitment to safeguarding the earth. Customers' concern for the environment may affect their purchasing decisions, but this effect is likely to be moderated by other factors. Strong environmental values improve a consumer's tendency to purchase eco-friendly goods. Managers who care about doing the right thing are more likely to buy environmentally friendly products. In addition, ecoaware executives are more likely to invest in sustainable power plants. Customers that care about the environment and are knowledgeable about environmental issues are more likely to make purchases that are good for the planet.

[ { "display_name": "European Journal of Business and Management Research", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210208644", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3171320281

Customary Refugee Law

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[ { "display_name": "Refugee", "id": "https://openalex.org/C173145845" }, { "display_name": "Refugee law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777251787" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Customary international law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779921323" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "International law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825" }, { "display_name": "Convention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745" }, { "display_name": "Internally displaced person", "id": "https://openalex.org/C13934251" }, { "display_name": "Public international law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185436325" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Lebanon", "Iran", "Jordan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3171320281

Abstract This chapter explores customary refugee law. Refugee law is primarily treaty law. However, many of the major refugee-receiving countries are not parties to either the Refugee Convention or the Refugee Protocol, for example Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Iran, Jordan, and Lebanon. Hence, customary international refugee law can be critically important in the identification of key principles of refugee protection and as an indication of what is permitted or not. While customary international law may not play as significant a role in refugee law as it does in other areas of international law, there are at least three practices of refugee protection aimed at safeguarding access and admission to refugee protection for which varying degrees of agreement exist in favour of a rule (or emerging rule) of customary law: non-refoulement, temporary refuge, and the right to be granted (to receive) asylum. These practices are deeply intertwined in their humanitarian purpose.

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https://openalex.org/W4205546342

Lebanon: 2009 Article IV Consultation and Assessment of Performance Under the Program Supported by Emergency Post-Conflict Assistance: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Lebanon

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "International Monetary Fund", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002382626" } ]

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[ "Lebanon" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205546342

The Lebanese financial system has so far weathered the global financial crisis. The 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that deposit inflows decelerated briefly in the aftermath of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, but have resumed at a rapid pace since then. Executive Directors have welcomed the remarkable resilience of the Lebanese economy in the face of the global financial crisis. Directors have also supported the authorities’ monetary policy aimed at safeguarding the exchange rate peg and facilitating a further buildup of international reserves.

[ { "display_name": "IMF country report", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169746", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "type": "repository" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3214470118

Beirut Heritage Initiative: Safeguarding the City’s Built Heritage After the August 4, 2020, Port Explosion

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Yasmine Elmajzoub", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5027692623" } ]

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[ "Lebanon" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3214470118

The devastating explosion in Beirut’s port on August 4, 2020 will forever be engraved in the memory of the Lebanese people. Within moments, a city with over 5,000 years of history was in ruins. Aside from the terrible casualties, the blast impacted one of the largest concentrations of heritage buildings in the city, dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. For this reason Beirut Heritage Initiative (BHI) was established in an attempt to help restore the city’s built heritage and to preserve both the urban and the social fabric of the damaged neighborhoods. BHI’s first mission was focused on emergency works such as rapid sheltering and consolidation of damaged buildings to prevent further damage due to the winter weather. After this emergency phase, BHI has engaged in partial reconstructions to enable vulnerable inhabitants to return to their homes, and a third phase has focused on full restoration projects for highly damaged buildings.

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https://openalex.org/W4231318798

Safeguarding medical education in conflict

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "The Lancet", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5085953656" } ]

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[ "Gaza Strip", "Gaza", "Syria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4231318798

On May 23, during the World Health Assembly, the International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA) presented Attacks on Medical Education, case reports collected by IFMSA member organisations in seven countries where violent conflict has affected medical education. These accounts tell the story of bravery in the face of assault. In Venezuela, in May, 2017, Paúl Moreno, a 24-year-old medical student who had been providing medical assistance for those protesting Nicolás Maduro's Government, was mowed down by a truck during the protest. That same month, several Venezuelan medical education facilities were shot at, kept under siege, or burned by police or the National Guard, leading to the death of nursing student Augusto Pugas. The report concludes that obstruction of medical education mostly takes the form of barriers to access medical education rather than targeted strikes, although direct assaults on medical education facilities might be under-reported. In the occupied Palestinian territory, for instance, the medical faculty of the Islamic University in the Gaza Strip has been repeatedly bombed since it started its operation, every time weakening its infrastructure still further. The IFMSA report is a qualitative pilot analysis. As such, it has some gaps to address. Experts on the situation in Syria told The Lancet that the report omits attacks on medical education by pro-Syrian Government forces, and that it fails to mention medical students in Syria who were killed, injured, arrested, or tortured, including those by the Syrian Government. Attacks on medical education are likely to have long-term effects on staffing and rebuilding of the medical infrastructure in countries in conflict. However, without a systematic monitoring framework, the understanding of the potential scale of these attacks is limited. Researchers, public health experts, and civil society leaders should come forward to provide medical students' associations with the tools and data to document these assaults against medical education to safeguard the next generation of those who will be providing care. Medical research in war-torn Syria: medical students' perspectiveThe ongoing war in Syria has caused substantial damage to the country's infrastructure, affecting almost all aspects of life.1 The consequences of this tragedy have further handicapped the underdeveloped research environment in Syria. Full-Text PDF

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https://openalex.org/W2021143689

The identification of sites of biodiversity conservation significance: progress with the application of a global standards

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Matthew N. Foster", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5009114370" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Thomas M. Brooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023825570" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Annabelle Cuttelod", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5050986912" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "N. De Silva", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000416028" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Lincoln Fishpool", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5081476389" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "E. Radford", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5064832955" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Stephen Woodley", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059455803" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Convention on Biological Diversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779485152" }, { "display_name": "Biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890" }, { "display_name": "Threatened species", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24518262" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Mandate", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775884135" }, { "display_name": "Identification (biology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C116834253" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Vulnerability (computing)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95713431" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Convention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Habitat", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185933670" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]

[ "Algeria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021143689

As a global community, we have a responsibility to ensure the long-term future of our natural heritage. As part of this, it is incumbent upon us to do all that we can to reverse the current trend of biodiversity loss, using all available tools at our disposal. One effective mean is safeguarding of those sites that are highest global priority for the conservation of biodiversity, whether through formal protected areas, community managed reserves, multiple-use areas, or other means. This special issue of the Journal of Threatened Taxa examines the application of the Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) approach to identifying such sites. Given the global mandate expressed through policy instruments such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the KBA approach can help countries meet obligations in an efficient and transparent manner. KBA methodology follows the well-established general principles of vulnerability and irreplaceability, and while it aims to be a globally standardized approach, it recognizes the fundamental need for the process to be led at local and national levels. In this series of papers the application of the KBA approach is explored in seven countries or regions: the Caribbean, Indo-Burma, Japan, Macedonia, Mediterranean Algeria, the Philippines and the Upper Guinea region of West Africa. This introductory article synthesizes some of the common main findings and provides a comparison of key summary statistics.

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https://openalex.org/W2788404806

The oasis of Moghrar (southwest Algeria): water resources and management

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[ "Algeria" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1904876966" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2788404806

Abstract The oasis of Moghrar is located in the wilaya (province) of Naama, in the southwest of Algeria. It is well known for its Ksours, its palm groves and the good quality of its fruit and vegetables, especially the dates and their varieties. This region contains important groundwater and surface water resources. For several centuries, domestic water supply and irrigation have been carried out using traditional techniques of water harvesting such as pendulum wells and foggaras. Currently, this hydraulic heritage is meeting technical and social problems, particularly with the contribution of drilling and motor-pumps. The main issues are water table drawdown, the drying-up of water sources and degradation and decay of traditional techniques. The objective of this study is to make an inventory of all water sources in the study area, to study the impact of the contribution of modern techniques on ancestral techniques and finally to propose recommendations for safeguarding the hydraulic heritage.

[ { "display_name": "Water Science & Technology: Water Supply", "id": "https://openalex.org/S124453322", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4255394224

Teng Hsiao-P'ing's Speech at the United Nations, (April 10, 1974)

[]

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[ "Algeria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4255394224

Abstract The special session of the United Nations General Assembly on the problems of raw materials and development is successfully convened on the proposals of President Houari Boumediene of the Council of Revolution of the Democratic People's Republic of Algeria and with the support of the great majority of the countries of the world. This is the first time in the twenty-nine years since the founding of the United Nations that a session is held specially to discuss the important question of opposing imperialist exploitation and plunder and effecting a change in international economic relations. This reflects that profound changes have taken place in the international situation. The Chinese Government extends its warm congratulations on the convocation of this session and hopes that it will make a positive contribution to strengthening the unity of the developing countries, safeguarding their national economic rights and interests, and promoting the struggle of all peoples against imperialism, and particularly against hegemonism.

[ { "display_name": "Chinese Law and Government", "id": "https://openalex.org/S96872871", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3014870547

Towards an Analytical Habitability Grid for Heritage: the Medina of Mostaganem as a Case Study

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[ "Algeria" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W177209641", "https://openalex.org/W393638689", "https://openalex.org/W585391160", "https://openalex.org/W1976159285", "https://openalex.org/W2105387498", "https://openalex.org/W2110111926", "https://openalex.org/W2122132458", "https://openalex.org/W2167998144", "https://openalex.org/W2283516393", "https://openalex.org/W2417721302", "https://openalex.org/W2418845990", "https://openalex.org/W2895988544" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3014870547

Conservation of historic cities is limited in many countries to valorization and safeguarding which is performed utilizing several types of interventions. Many countries aware of the importance of their heritage in the development of human life, are currently concerned with their inhabitants’ participatory role in conservation. The historic cities in Algeria are not immune to this fact. Nowadays, particular attention is paid to the quality of life in historic Algerian cities which are in continuous transformation. It has become an urgent issue to inquire into the state of these medinas. The aim of this article is to design an analysis grid of habitability for these historical cities in order to interpret the quality of life, as well as the understanding of the man-made quest for ideal livability. The adopted methodology is divided into two parts: first, making the grid and second, its projection and analysis. Application of the grid requires very diverse data and a field of study. For this purpose, several tools were mobilized: a questionnaire survey, field measurements and direct diagnosis. For a positive outcome to the research, fieldwork is essential. This is the case study of the Medina of Mostaganem.

[ { "display_name": "Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764720785", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4376610500

Impact of legislative precision in the management of the Casbah

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[ "Algeria" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2152983150", "https://openalex.org/W4282009826" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376610500

Abstract The historic centre of Algiers ( Casbah ) presents a state of severe decay. Laws and legislative measures have been promulgated in the past three decades to provide an adequate framework for the conservation of the old city. This paper investigates the law and subsequent legal instruments used in heritage management and the impact of legislative provisions on the management of the living historic centre of the Casbah of Algiers. Before the issuance of Algerian Law n°98–04 relating to the protection of cultural heritage, the role of the various entities managing the Casbah was rather unclear. This law provides more details about the structure of urban heritage management. Additionally, a new heritage protection tool came into existence (the PPSMVSS, i.e., the Permanent Plan for Safeguarding and Enhancement of the Safeguarded Sector). Difficulties encountered in the field concerning the application of legislative tools caused considerable delays in preservation actions on the ground. This paper provides an analysis of the contradictions between text enforcement and conservation plans to understand the main reasons that led to the degradation of the historic area. Accordingly, the paper proposes a number of solutions to be implemented by the Algerian authorities.

[ { "display_name": "Built Heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/S3035434843", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2769247149

The pilgrimage to the mausoleum of Sidi Shaykh.

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tahar Abbou", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031726284" } ]

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[ "Algeria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2769247149

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter discusses various theories of Sufism and describes the pilgrimage to the Mausoleum of Sidi Shaykh, a yearly celebration that takes place in the Algerian West Saharan Atlas region. In Islam, such a pilgrimage is not looked upon favourably by some clerics. Hardliners believe contact between the people and Allah should be undertaken directly, without intermediaries like the Sufi saints. The chapter traces the origins of this pilgrimage, its evolution, the practices and rituals it involves, and recent challenges and international recognition via the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.

[ { "display_name": "CABI eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462985", "type": "ebook platform" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4242797912

ALGERIA: Safeguarding Jobs

[]

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[ "Algeria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242797912

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 50, Issue 7 p. 20049A-20050A Policy and Practice ALGERIA: Safeguarding Jobs First published: 05 September 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.05281.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume50, Issue7September 2013Pages 20049A-20050A RelatedInformation

[ { "display_name": "Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series", "id": "https://openalex.org/S946020915", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4362684316

Learning from the past: old and new ksour in the M’Zab Valley (Algeria)

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[ "Algeria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362684316

Most World Heritage Sites in the Maghreb region are threatened by numerous natural and anthropic hazards, the latter usually due to complex economic, social and cultural dynamics. Because of changes in ways of life and housing models, traditional building cultures are often not recognised by inhabitants as heritage and are becoming unable to resist the spread of modern standardised technologies. These changes put at risk the conservation status and consequently the Outstanding Universal Value of the sites. The World Heritage Site of the M'Zab Valley in Algerian desert is a rare example of the preservation of both tangible and intangible dimensions of heritage and their transmission to new generations through the construction of the new settlement of Tafilalt, built interpreting the traditional techniques. The contribution analyses the case of the M'Zab Valley in order to show the role of community involvement in safeguarding the authenticity and integrity of this World Heritage Site.

[ { "display_name": "Restauro Archeologico", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4387280689", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4324118243

Editorial Issue 2/2022: The Heritage of Water-Related Infrastructures and Governance

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[ "Algeria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4324118243

Humans have shaped water in all its forms and functions over time; they have controlled water through infrastructures, institutions and legislations. Many of the decisions made have benefited individuals, communities and nations; but many have also created new forms of injustice, making water the epicenter of societal issues and conflict from time past. Upstream and downstream com- munities have long been in conflict about the amount of water shared, its cleanliness or its use. Providing drinking water to some can mean cutting off others; creating dams to generate energy or store water may prevent fish from migrating. Building dikes can protect some people and put others in harm’s way. Institutions can protect and guide the functioning of water systems through laws and regulations. Innovations in technology, economic setup or political structure can lead to transformations of infrastructures and to an imbalance with the institutional system. As infrastructures grow beyondinstitutional boundaries (including national boundaries), planning control is often lacking. Once established, infrastructures and institutions can also delay change. Watersheds, for example, are often controlled by multiple institutions and therefore are not holistically regulated. Large-scale systems, moreover, often take away the agency of local groups and their access to water. Climate change intensifies the challenges presented by historical path dependencies. With momentum building to achieve goals and targets by 2030, we must carefully assess governing laws, policies and institutions with an eye to their role in solving (or impeding) today’s water-related problems. The second issue of Blue Papers focuses on relationships between infrastructure, governance sys- tems and regulations. Authors from diverse disciplines and geographical backgrounds explore the multiple ways in which legislation and water rights relate to traditional water systems and local water cultures. The challenges of water management are also reflected in those of heritage gov- ernance. In the heritage field, the themes of nature and culture are separated, making it difficult to address the fields of water and heritage comprehensively. Given the interdependencies and con- flicting interests of different stakeholders involved, we need a shared vision, (re)connecting water and heritage sectors so human and non-human actors can contribute to a sustainable tomorrow. Jacqueline Vel, Tody Sasmitha Jiwa Utama, Hertasning Ichlas and Adriaan Bedner open up part I with reflections on the ways in which past legislation threatens traditional water management systems, such as the rice terraces in Indonesia. Questions of water rights are also at the heart of Rutgerd Boelens’ “Riverhood” project, in which he explores the disenfranchisement of local water cultures and proposes new forms of justice in water management. Karim Nawaz argues for the recognition of spate irrigation as a sustainable irrigation system and for including it in educational programs. Maria Estefania Gioia exposes the institutional divide in World Heritage discourses to show the rift created by the division between natural and cultural heritage. Chris Underwood dis- cusses the need for proper management of underwater cultural heritage. Frans Wijsen concludes part I by showing how religious institutions can hinder, but also help sustainable heritage and water management. The methodologies and case studies in part II present tested and working examples. Sara Ahmed and Sukrit Sen propose heritage as leverage for better governance to water, through virtual exhibi- tions and education about water objects and practices. Ana Maria Fernandez Maldonado, Marcin Dąbrowski, Kasia Piskorek and Wout van den Toorn Vrijthoff similarly propose an ecosystem ap- proach, especially as a tool to create common ground and start multi-stakeholder negotiation and planning. Historical water systems can still be relevant, as illustrated by Catalina Rey-Hernández and Inge Bobbink in their article on the floating agriculture of the Chinampas in Mexico. Similarly, Said Madani provides insights into the contemporary relevance of ancient irrigation systems – and their connected governance structures – in the Algerian desert. The case studies of Maria Estefa- nia Gioia, Gül Aktürk and Sara Berahman make clear how natural phenomena are interconnected with cultural objects and practices and they argue for improved governance tools to be able to protect and preserve vulnerable water heritage. Jonathan Doe’s account complements this line ofthinking with a case in which local “knowledge holders” were sidelined in wetland management. Javier Lizarzaburu similarly presents an ancient traditional water system, decolonizing narratives that obscured the indigenous role in its creation. Nanco Dolman closes this issue with another example of proper collaboration for new natural heritage. Together, these articles demonstrate the need for a rethinking of “hidden designers”: the legal and institutional frameworks in which water is managed. They call for bridging divides between nature and culture, and between “top down” and “bottom up” governance. It is crucial to be able to nego- tiate the sometimes contrasting values and interests in water management: to preserve and to develop, to build economically viable structures and to protect vulnerable water structures, and to make global decisions with local cultures and interests in mind. The new concepts and methods proposed in this issue help us connect past objects and structures to sustainable water futures.

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https://openalex.org/W4247687735

The Hillary Doctrine

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[ "Saudi Arabia", "Yemen" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4247687735

Abstract Hillary Rodham Clinton is the first Secretary of State to declare the subjugation of women worldwide a serious threat to U.S. national security. Known as the Hillary Doctrine, her stance was made part of the 2010 Quadrennial Diplomatic and Development Review of U.S. foreign policy, formally committing America to the proposition that the empowerment of women is a stabilizing force for domestic and international peace. Blending history, fieldwork, theory, and policy analysis while incorporating perspectives from officials and activists on the front lines of implementation, this book investigates the Hillary Doctrine in principle and practice. Does the insecurity of women make nations less secure? How has the doctrine changed the foreign policy of the United States and altered its relationship with other countries, such as China and Mexico? With specific studies of Guatemala, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, this invaluable policy text closes the gap between rhetoric and reality, confronting head-on what the future of fighting such an entrenched enemy entails. It reports directly on the work being done by U.S. government agencies, including the Office of Global Women's Issues, established by Clinton during her tenure at the State Department, and explores the complexity and pitfalls of attempting to improve the lives of women while safeguarding the national interest.

[]

https://openalex.org/W4387338668

Awareness and Attitude of Parents and Caregivers Regarding Harmful Traditional Medical Practices Towards Children in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Youssef A. Alqahtani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5048752568" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ayed A. Shati", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5041397548" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Reem T Alalyani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092365365" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Taghreed Alolah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093001768" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Maymunah Alshahrani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000775704" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ghufran Asiri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5092239448" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Afnan M Alneami", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093001769" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Faisal Asiri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5028833094" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Shahd K Abumilha", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093001770" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Khalid University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I82952536", "lat": 18.21639, "long": 42.50528, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Atheer Alshahrani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031438537" } ]

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[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387338668

Traditional medicine has potential benefits, but distinguishing safe from risky procedures is crucial for safeguarding children's health. Harmful practices in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia, deeply rooted in cultural heritage, require scrutiny of parental attitudes and awareness.The study aims to investigate and analyze the awareness, attitudes, and associated factors contributing to Harmful Traditional Medical Practices towards children in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia.This study employed a cross-sectional design, using an online survey to collect data via a structured questionnaire developed from an extensive literature review on harmful traditional child medical practices in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia.The study found that most respondents were aged 41-49 years (42.4%), lived in cities (77%), had at least an undergraduate degree (50.1%), and favored traditional medicine (55.9%). Common traditional medicine choices included "Herbs" (28.4%) and "Belly massage" (27.6%). Age significantly affected treatment preferences, while "Place of Resident" and "Education Level" hinted at potential differences. Personal experiences (37.2%) and family networks (31.4%) were key sources of information. Logistic regression analysis uncovered intricate links between sociodemographic and traditional medicine practices. Respondents' views on "Awareness", "Effectiveness", and "Complications" demonstrated notable statistical significance, influencing parents' and caregivers' perspectives in the study.The study's outcomes underscore the imperative for heightened awareness and education concerning the potential hazards and complications tied to harmful traditional medical practices among parents and caregivers in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia, particularly with regard to their children's well-being. The evident inclination towards traditional medicine, reliance on personal experiences and familial networks for healthcare insights, and reservations regarding contemporary medical approaches underline the significance of addressing cultural beliefs.

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https://openalex.org/W2091692497

Issuing Interim Measures in Arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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[ { "display_name": "Interim", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776957806" }, { "display_name": "Arbitration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C160151201" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Dispute resolution", "id": "https://openalex.org/C131676636" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W437377470", "https://openalex.org/W612346940", "https://openalex.org/W657271506", "https://openalex.org/W1542846351", "https://openalex.org/W1558475509", "https://openalex.org/W1590087399", "https://openalex.org/W1983142435", "https://openalex.org/W2260201435", "https://openalex.org/W2580038205" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091692497

An interim measure is, broadly speaking, a remedy or a relief that is aimed at safeguarding the rights of parties to a dispute pending its final resolution. The paper aims to provide a clarification to the Arbitration law in Saudi Arabia focusing mainly on the issue of the issuing of interim measures in arbitration by identifying the process stages under the Saudi Arbitration Law 2012. This paper discusses the issuing of interim measure in international arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through identification of laws, process and procedure in the issuance of interim measures in arbitration proceedings. Two major research strategies are adopted in this study, which are, qualitative and analysis based on exploratory approach for process of issuing interim measures in arbitration. Data were collected from libraries and published reports as well as interviews conducted with judges and arbitrators in Saudi Arabia. This paper challenges the argument of issuing interim measures by showing the process and the mechanism used in Saudi Arabia. The researchers explored the missing issues of the law related to the issue of interim measures in international arbitration in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the standards of issuing the interim measures.

[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764374755", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2989160457

The impact of the Shari'ah on foreign direct investment and arbitration : the case of Saudi Arabia and its Vision 2030

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "A. Alfatta", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002322269" } ]

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[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2989160457

This study seeks to determine whether the government of Saudi Arabia, in promoting its Vision 2030 project, can strike a balance between safeguarding the Kingdom’s Islamic heritage and protecting the interests of foreign investors in Saudi Arabia. Following a critical review of the extant literature, it establishes that the government has been unable so far to achieve that delicate balance because of the rigid interpretation of the Shari’ah by traditionalist and anti-Western (anti-international) doctrinaire scholars who became prominent after ‘the closing of the gates of ijtihad’ (independent reasoning). The study also establishes that the Shari’ah has been fundamentally flexible from the earliest times, and that early Muslims embraced free trade, and preferred arbitration as dispute resolution mechanism without gender bias. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that the rigid interpretation subsequently imposed by doctrinaire conservatives explains why the use of the Shari’ah to settle disputes constitutes an obstacle to FDI in Saudi Arabia. In order to test the hypothesis and achieve the research aim, a mixed methods approach is employed that involves both doctrinal and empirical methods. The latter is used because the Shari’ah is not codified and courts are not required to comply with any precedent, making it difficult to predict outcomes either in Saudi courts or in arbitral tribunals, wherever in the world arbitrators sit. The study reveals that although the rigid interpretation and application of the Shari’ah is an obstacle to FDI, the Hanbali fiqh should be interpreted and applied in a flexible manner in regard to commercial matters, including international commercial arbitration. Moreover, other Schools of Jurisprudence, such as the Hanafi, are much more flexible than the Hanbali School of Jurisprudence. As such, it is important to determine whether judges and arbitrators in Saudi Arabia, and arbitrators sitting outside Saudi Arabia, may refer to a Sunni School of Jurisprudence other than the Hanbali School in order to invoke another interpretation of the Shari’ah that is more advantageous to trade and investment in Saudi Arabia. This is in line with the istihsan principle that enables Islamic judges to choose more equitable solutions where a literal interpretation of the Quranic verses may not promote the public good, or may cause a detriment to the general public in Saudi Arabia.

[]

https://openalex.org/W2801861074

The board of directors in listed companies under the corporate governance system in Saudi law as compared to English law and global standards

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Khalid Alamri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5045326330" } ]

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[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2801861074

Saudi Arabia has a unique environment in terms of its political, economic, legal and judicial aspects which have some anomalous characteristics that create challenges for corporate governance. Further challenges are presented by the current structure of listed companies and by Saudi Arabia’s Vision for 2030.1 This environment significantly influences the role of the board of directors in listed companies and increases its role in safeguarding the interests of different shareholders and stakeholders. This thesis reviews the new legislation relating to corporate governance in Saudi Arabia in relation to the board of directors in listed companies and the extent to which such legislation affects its relationships with the main parties in the company. It defines the major features of the new Saudi Law of Companies, issued in 2015, and the new Corporate Governance Regulation, issued in 2017. The thesis deals with all of the relevant changes in the new law and regulations. It also clarifies the extent of the improvement in corporate governance resulting from the new legislation and those aspects related to the thesis that require further reform by suggesting more details, flexibility or enforcement to meet the standards of corporate governance. It uses a comparative study with both English law and global standards and assesses the compatibility of Saudi legislation with them in this respect in a manner that suits the particularities of the legal and economic environment in Saudi Arabia. The thesis explores the main theories and the most prominent models of corporate governance that affect the role of the board of directors. It discusses the composition of the board of directors, including the diversity of board membership, structure and models as well as the provisions for shadow directors. It also covers the relationship of the board of directors with the AGM, board meetings, company committees, company auditors, stakeholders and - in particular - employees.

[]

https://openalex.org/W4381252329

IoT Adoption Model for E-Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia

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[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381252329

The realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), while continually transforming as a novel paradigm in the nexus of technology and education, still contends with numerous obstacles that hinder its incorporation into higher education institutions’ (HEIs) e-learning platforms. Despite substantial strides in IoT utilization from industrialized nations—the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and China serving as prime exemplars—the scope of its implementation in developing countries, notably Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, lags behind. A significant gap exists in research centered on the trajectory of IoT integration within e-learning systems of economically disadvantaged nations. Specifically, this study centers on Saudi Arabia to illuminate the main factors catalyzing or encumbering IoT uptake within its HEIs’ e-learning sector. As a preliminary step, this research has embarked on an exhaustive dissection of prior studies to unearth critical variables implicated in the IoT adoption process. Subsequently, we employed an inferential methodology, amassing data from 384 respondents in Saudi Arabian HEIs. Our examination divulges that usability, accessibility, technical support, and individual proficiencies considerably contribute to the rate of IoT incorporation. Furthermore, our data infer that financial obstacles, self-efficacy, interactive capability, online surveillance, automated attendance tracking, training programs, network and data safeguarding measures, and relevant tools significantly influence IoT adoption. Contrarily, factors such as accessibility, internet quality, infrastructure preparedness, usability, privacy concerns, and faculty support appeared to have a negligible impact on the adoption rates within HEIs. This research culminates in offering concrete recommendations to bolster IoT integration within Saudi Arabian HEIs, presenting valuable insights for government entities, policy architects, and HEIs to address the hurdles associated with IoT implementation in the higher education sector.

[ { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/S10134376", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2942778223

Safeguarding the Information Systems in an Organization through Different Technologies, Policies, and Actions

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Hend Khalid Alkahtani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5058485751" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Information security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C527648132" }, { "display_name": "Information security standards", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139547956" }, { "display_name": "Workforce", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778139618" }, { "display_name": "Information system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C180198813" }, { "display_name": "Information security management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C148976360" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Security policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C154908896" }, { "display_name": "Information systems security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2988319471" }, { "display_name": "Knowledge management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Security system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2984192347" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Security information and event management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C103377522" }, { "display_name": "Security service", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29983905" }, { "display_name": "Management information systems", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29848774" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C184842701" }, { "display_name": "Network security policy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C117110713" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C79974875" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Operating system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]

[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1602619638", "https://openalex.org/W1988456457", "https://openalex.org/W2018125809", "https://openalex.org/W2071318899", "https://openalex.org/W2097694607", "https://openalex.org/W2140094026", "https://openalex.org/W2146893100", "https://openalex.org/W2460744371", "https://openalex.org/W2462796258", "https://openalex.org/W2476525859", "https://openalex.org/W2791432064", "https://openalex.org/W2962734519" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2942778223

Background: Information system use has substantially increased among the organization based on its effective integration of the resources and improved performance. The increasing reliance on the information system serves as a great security threat for the firms. Objective: The study intends to evaluate the security of the information system in the organization located in the region of Saudi Arabia, concerning the user&rsquo;s awareness level. Methods: The quantitative design of the study is adopted which uses the survey approach. A close-ended questionnaire is used for evaluating the awareness level among the individuals. A total of 109 participants (males and females) in the Saudi Company were recruited for the study. Results: Despite the implementation of the policy, employees were unaware of it. The study highlights that the development of the firm&rsquo;s information security policy requires the firm to make employees aware of the significance of the information security. Conclusion: The study concludes that the organization needs to educate the workforce of the information security policy and develop their necessary understanding of the information security system. This allows the employees to identify and report security threats and risks which helps in the improvement of information security awareness.

[ { "display_name": "Computer and Information Science", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764452479", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4321837688

money saving purpose And its impact on the Saudi implementation system

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mashhour Alharthy", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039894287" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Sharia", "id": "https://openalex.org/C168702047" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Harm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777363581" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Meaning (existential)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879" }, { "display_name": "Creditor", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159091798" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Statutory law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158129432" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Debt", "id": "https://openalex.org/C120527767" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Theology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704" } ]

[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4321837688

This research discusses a necessary objective of Islamic Sharia, which is: the objective of preserving money, and shows its impact on one of the most important judicial systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is: the Saudi implementation system After its introduction, the research was divided into four sections and a conclusion. The first topic is about the meaning of the purposes of Sharia in general and its most prominent divisions. The second topic clarified the meaning of the purpose of saving money and proving the intention of Sharia for it. The third topic provided an overview of the Saudi implementation system. The fourth topic showed the impact of the purpose of saving money on the Saudi implementation system and its implementing regulations. Among the most important results which were reached: the importance of the purposes of Sharia and its impact on the scientific and practical reality, and Islam’s care for money to preserve it and ward off harm from it, and the impact of the knowledge of the purposes of Sharia in understanding statutory and legal materials. And the most important result is a statement that the Saudi implementation system has come in accordance with the purpose of the Sharia in preserving Money, preventing harm to people’s money, preserving the rights of creditors from trespassing or neglecting them, safeguarding property from damage and loss, and imposing precauti§ons for minors’ funds and endowments. One of the most important recommendations of the research: directing researchers to write about Purpose (Makassed Al Shariah) topics and to show their impact on the reality of people and their lives, shedding light on applied research in the science of the purposes of Sharia Purpose (Makassed Al Shariah), paying attention to judicial systems and explaining their reliance on Sharia principles and observed purposes.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210217470", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4387777070

An assessment of cybersecurity performance in the Saudi universities: A Total Quality Management approach

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I142608572", "lat": 24.15541, "long": 47.33457, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Tahani Abdullah Abdurhman Alhumud", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093092669" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I142608572", "lat": 24.15541, "long": 47.33457, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Australia", "display_name": "Australian National University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I118347636", "lat": -35.28346, "long": 149.12807, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdulfattah Omar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031983184" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I142608572", "lat": 24.15541, "long": 47.33457, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Egypt", "display_name": "Mansoura University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I159247623", "lat": 31.03637, "long": 31.38069, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Waheed M. A. Altohami", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5076313663" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Quality (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Epistemology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728" } ]

[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W324885528", "https://openalex.org/W407221339", "https://openalex.org/W1971760694", "https://openalex.org/W2081430061", "https://openalex.org/W2204032447", "https://openalex.org/W2517668060", "https://openalex.org/W2621076996", "https://openalex.org/W2890922662", "https://openalex.org/W2915446580", "https://openalex.org/W2942307240", "https://openalex.org/W2978870947", "https://openalex.org/W3007290235", "https://openalex.org/W3010489147", "https://openalex.org/W3015762016", "https://openalex.org/W3022944079", "https://openalex.org/W3024340288", "https://openalex.org/W3028069824", "https://openalex.org/W3110527272", "https://openalex.org/W3119729076", "https://openalex.org/W3141125177", "https://openalex.org/W3156860082", "https://openalex.org/W3159994884", "https://openalex.org/W3178039307", "https://openalex.org/W3186795874", "https://openalex.org/W3194771168", "https://openalex.org/W3203893581", "https://openalex.org/W4206805723", "https://openalex.org/W4210366531", "https://openalex.org/W4214546388", "https://openalex.org/W4214910665", "https://openalex.org/W4220754586", "https://openalex.org/W4247043938", "https://openalex.org/W4247995773", "https://openalex.org/W4255421271", "https://openalex.org/W4285827321", "https://openalex.org/W4292388443", "https://openalex.org/W4313417292" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387777070

Cybersecurity systems are crucial for safeguarding information assets across various sectors, including government, military, and commercial domains. In Saudi Arabia, cybersecurity has gained significant importance within the national security strategy, resulting in substantial investments in technologies to protect information assets, combat cyber threats, and preserve privacy. In light of Protection Motivation Theory, it is assumed that evaluating the performance of cybersecurity policies and measures (threat appraisal) is vital for their effective implementation (coping appraisal). This study focuses on evaluating the cybersecurity performance of Saudi universities. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study utilizes questionnaires and interviews to collect data. The participants include representatives from 10 Saudi universities, with 107 respondents for the questionnaire phase and 20 participants for the interviews. Diverse job categories and levels within the universities are represented to gather valuable insights from individuals with expertise in cybersecurity and Total Quality Management (TQM) processes. Findings showed that there is room for improvement in the cybersecurity practices of Saudi universities. Only a minority of participants reported regular risk assessments and timely addressing of identified risks. Additionally, participants expressed concerns about the lack of well-defined policies and procedures, insufficient training and awareness programs, and non-compliance with cybersecurity regulations and standards. A significant percentage of participants rated their organization’s cybersecurity performance as average or poor. However, the majority of participants affirmed the importance of cybersecurity in relation to strategic objectives and Total Quality Management. The study stressed the need for comprehensive approaches to cybersecurity, including risk assessment, policy development, training, compliance, and continuous monitoring.

[ { "display_name": "Cogent Education", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764918247", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3176381631

Enhancing Parental Knowledge of Child Safety: An Interventional Educational Campaign

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" } ], "display_name": "Mohamad-Hani Temsah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5079406029" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Fadi Aljamaan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059596430" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ali Alhaboob", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5009003427" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Badr Almosned", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5018209698" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Raghad Alsebail", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5049234377" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Alfaisal University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I134359838", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Reem Temsah", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5060969986" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "Alfaisal University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I134359838", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdulrahman Senjab", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5010596633" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Abdurhman S. Al-Arfaj", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038187175" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Talal Aljudi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5085085592" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" } ], "display_name": "Esmaeil Sa", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5037981515" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" } ], "display_name": "Amr Jamal", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5011878584" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Habash Ak", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002791250" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Fahad Alsohime", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5081181600" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khalid Alhasan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062517837" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud Medical City", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2801066305", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "healthcare" }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "King Saud University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I28022161", "lat": 24.68773, "long": 46.72185, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ayman Al‐Eyadhy", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5059448504" } ]

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[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1592370503", "https://openalex.org/W1972062615", "https://openalex.org/W2015942141", "https://openalex.org/W2032721210", "https://openalex.org/W2033387707", "https://openalex.org/W2045241688", "https://openalex.org/W2061205072", "https://openalex.org/W2085560510", "https://openalex.org/W2088977885", "https://openalex.org/W2118933056", "https://openalex.org/W2155274113", "https://openalex.org/W2165531576", "https://openalex.org/W2279870475", "https://openalex.org/W2483348793", "https://openalex.org/W2503756238", "https://openalex.org/W2588946720", "https://openalex.org/W2743318307", "https://openalex.org/W2804969850", "https://openalex.org/W2907741029", "https://openalex.org/W3007910137", "https://openalex.org/W3133305503", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3176381631

Abstract Background Safeguarding children from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With children staying more at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, more educational tools and valid educational programs are warranted to improve parental knowledge and awareness about children’s safety. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of child safety campaigns on parents’ knowledge and attitude towards preventable childhood injuries. Methods This was a pre-post experimental study, in which the pre-designed assessments were used as an evaluation tool before and after attending a Child Safety Campaign. The Pre – Post assessment question included questions to evaluate the socio-demographic status, followed by knowledge questions in line with the current child safety campaign. The outcomes of interest were assessed before and after attending the campaign’s stations. Results Three hundred and eight parents volunteered to participate in this study. Their knowledge score improved from 36.2 (SD 17.7) to 79.3 (SD 15.6) after attending the Child Safety Campaign (t-value= 34.6, p<0.001). Both, perceptions on the preventability of accidents and the parents’ perceived usefulness of educational campaigns showed improvements, with (t-value =6.3, p<0.001) and (t-value= 3.097, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion The educational child safety campaign for caregivers in Saudi Arabia resulted in a significant increase in the overall knowledge and attitudes towards children’s safety. As children are currently staying at home more, additional educational tools and programs are warranted to promote childhood safe practices among parents and caregivers.

[ { "display_name": "medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400573", "type": "repository" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4385697002

Geographical Information System Based Spatial and Statistical Analysis of the Green Areas in the Cities of Abha and Bisha for Environmental Sustainability

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "display_name": "University of Bisha", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210136004", "lat": 20.00054, "long": 42.6052, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khaled Ali Abuhasel", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017179421" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental quality", "id": "https://openalex.org/C70798638" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322" }, { "display_name": "Environmental security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779455057" }, { "display_name": "Spatial planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776873942" }, { "display_name": "Spatial analysis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159620131" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Remote sensing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62649853" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1949997425", "https://openalex.org/W2054861629", "https://openalex.org/W3045283325", "https://openalex.org/W3080669536", "https://openalex.org/W3165264503", "https://openalex.org/W4285404735", "https://openalex.org/W4310018452", "https://openalex.org/W4365514565", "https://openalex.org/W4366258460" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385697002

This study compares the environmental sustainability of two cities in Saudi Arabia, Abha, and Bisha, through their green spaces, by analyzing green spaces in both cities. And the application of spatial statistics tools in the Arc Map program, to measure the spatial relationship between the green areas depending on the measurement of the location, shape, dimensions and areas, as this distribution is linked to statistical laws leading to the construction of a spatial model for the green areas in the two cities, and among these methods is the spatial average, The central phenomenon, the distribution trend, the standard circle, and finally the neighborhood analysis. The study seeks to recognize the parameters that contribute to environmental sustainability through green spaces. Understanding the effectiveness of green spaces in promoting environmental sustainability is crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions about urban planning and development. Sustainability in the environment is making responsible use of natural resources while also taking measures to safeguard the surrounding area to maintain high standards of environmental quality over the long term. The concept entails the preservation of equilibrium among economic, social, and environmental considerations to guarantee the satisfaction of current societal requirements while safeguarding the capacity of forthcoming generations to fulfill their own necessities. Environmental sustainability is crucial for the well-being of the planet and all living beings that inhabit it. Green spaces play a vital role in environmental sustainability. The provision of green spaces is associated with a multitude of advantages, including but not limited to the mitigation of air and noise pollution, temperature regulation, and enhancement of the overall visual appeal of urban areas. The study employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial statistical analysis to investigate the spatial arrangement of environmental sustainability in the two urban areas. The study also relied on fieldwork, including a questionnaire, to gather data from the residents of the cities. The research study found that the standard distance measures the average distance between each green space and the mean center. In this case, the standard distance indicates how dispersed or clustered the green spaces are around the mean center. A smaller standard distance value suggests that the green spaces are more clustered around the mean center, while a larger value suggests a more dispersed distribution.

[ { "display_name": "ISPRS international journal of geo-information", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764431341", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W1576935264

Legal, Regulatory, Risk, and Operational Framework: Building Investors' Confidence

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Noripah Kamso", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5044837782" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tsu Mae Ng", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5019539988" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Islamic finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2991718497" }, { "display_name": "Credibility", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780224610" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Investment (military)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Financial stability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2992337254" }, { "display_name": "Compliance (psychology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781460075" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Financial system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C73283319" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Social psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Theology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27206212" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" } ]

[ "Bahrain" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1576935264

Good governance is the key to maintaining the integrity, stability, credibility and growth of Islamic investing. This chapter focuses on the investment and Shariah governance from a regulatory standpoint. It observes how regulatory authorities evolve and come together to address issues related to Islamic finance. The governance of Shariah investment solutions focuses on two areas: investment and Shariah compliance. The authorities are ensuring that all Islamic financial transactions are well addressed in prudential regulations. The chapter illustrates Malaysian framework and Bahrain model as both having common primary objectives that clearly focus on safeguarding the investors' wealth by establishing internationally acceptable regulatory frameworks for Islamic financial transactions.

[]

https://openalex.org/W4285465982

Sharing Responsibility

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "R D Winland", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5050571393" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Responsibility to protect", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776508615" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Blame", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781466463" }, { "display_name": "Hypocrisy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775874189" }, { "display_name": "International law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Psychiatry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586" } ]

[ "Yemen", "Syria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285465982

The idea that states share a responsibility to shield people everywhere from atrocities is presently under threat. Despite some early twenty-first century successes, including the 2005 United Nations endorsement of the Responsibility to Protect, the project has been placed into jeopardy due to catastrophes in such places as Syria, Myanmar, and Yemen; resurgent nationalism; and growing global antagonism. This book seeks to diagnose the current crisis in international protection by exploring its long and troubled history. With attention to ethics, law, and politics, the book measures what possibilities remain for protecting people wherever they reside from atrocities, despite formidable challenges in the international arena. With a focus on Western natural law and the European society of states, the book shows that the history of the shared responsibility to protect is marked by courageous efforts, as well as troubling ties to Western imperialism, evasion, and abuse. The project of safeguarding vulnerable populations can undoubtedly devolve into blame shifting and hypocrisy, but can also spark effective burden sharing among nations. The book considers how states should support this responsibility, whether it can be coherently codified in law, the extent to which states have embraced their responsibilities, and what might lead them to do so more reliably in the future. The author of the book wrestles with how countries should care for imperiled people and how the ideal of the responsibility to protect might inspire just behavior in an imperfect and troubled world.

[ { "display_name": "Princeton University Press eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463805", "type": "ebook platform" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3128535091

Surveys and explorations by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Yemen in 1983 -1989. Résumé of the past activity and new research project: archive and publication of the results

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Michael Jung", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5090997356" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": null, "display_name": "Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138708", "lat": null, "long": null, "type": null } ], "display_name": "Khalid Ali al-Ansi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5057135446" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Documentation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56666940" }, { "display_name": "Typology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75795011" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "Architecture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123657996" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Visual arts", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607" }, { "display_name": "Library science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]

[ "Yemen" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3128535091

Since 1983, the Italian Archaeological Mission in Yemen (MAIRY) has also included research on the archaeological, architectural and fine arts heritage of the Islamic period in its activities The focus of the Islamic mission was study of Yemeni traditional mosques in order to draw up a precise typology of these unique monuments. In the course of several expeditions, the mission surveyed over 400 monuments. Carrying out photographic and graphic documentation and drawing up plans the team drafted a first preliminary typology of the religious architecture in 1984. Nevertheless, for various reasons, the conclusion of the work and its outcome were never published. After thirty years, the Islamic branch of the Italian archaeological mission has resumed the research. The Italian team, in collaboration with Yemenite experts, is about to arrange, classify and digitalize the huge amount of documents. This documentation will constitute a major contribution to research on and the safeguarding of religious architecture and the Yemeni cultural heritage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.25.2020.11

[ { "display_name": "DISEGNARECON", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306508133", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W941315002

Reducing the human and environmental risks of obsolete pesticides : a GIS-based tool for priority-setting

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abdelaziz Lagnaoui", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5077216609" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Brian Blankespoor", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5034000487" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Craig Meisner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5087271639" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Susmita Dasgupta", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000034313" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Latin Americans", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158886217" }, { "display_name": "Section (typography)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780129039" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Soviet union", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017612487" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Advertising", "id": "https://openalex.org/C112698675" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]

[ "Tunisia" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W941315002

Obsolete pesticide stocks have accumulated in most of the world's developing countries and economies in transition in recent decades. International organizations estimate that some 500,000 tons are stockpiled worldwide, about half of which are located in countries of the former Soviet Union. Across the African continent, obsolete stocks total about 50,000 tons, while Latin America has at least 30,000 tons. This report includes the following sections: section one includes overview, section two include risk assessment method for priority-setting. Section three includes setting cleanup priorities in Tunisia. Section four includes cleanup and safeguarding highlights in Africa. Finally, section five includes reducing the risk.

[]

https://openalex.org/W2263301080

Water resources development and management in the Republic of the Sudan

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abdeen Mustafa Omer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043036607" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Legislation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Effluent", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147455438" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Water resources", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153823671" }, { "display_name": "Rural area", "id": "https://openalex.org/C129047720" }, { "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Sudan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2263301080

Thirty-four million people live in Sudan, and environmental pollution is a major concern throughout the country; therefore industry, communities, local authorities and central government, to deal with pollution issues, should adopt an integrated approach. Most polluters pay little or no attention to the control and proper management of polluting effluents. This may be reflect lack of enforceable legislation and/or the fear of spending money on the treatment of their effluent prior to discharge. Furthermore, the imposed fines are generally too low and, therefore, do not deter potential offenders. Present resources must be strictly monitored and managed effectively, if further deterioration is to be avoided. Community participation in water management programmes should fully involve women, who play a central role in the provision and safeguarding of water for domestic use in rural areas. The pricing system recognises the economic value of water, as stated in the principles of the policy.

[ { "display_name": "Water and Energy International", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764581409", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2944328712

“Save Archaeology from the Technicians”: Wheeler, World Heritage and Expert Failure at Mohenjodaro

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "Stanford University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "lat": 37.42411, "long": -122.16608, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Lynn Meskell", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039791894" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Ideology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213" }, { "display_name": "Bridge (graph theory)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C100776233" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Internal medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002" } ]

[ "Sudan", "Egypt" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1545236037", "https://openalex.org/W2032678408", "https://openalex.org/W2066627787", "https://openalex.org/W2147029440", "https://openalex.org/W2163630637", "https://openalex.org/W2289254404", "https://openalex.org/W2321434124", "https://openalex.org/W2493426455", "https://openalex.org/W3125495513", "https://openalex.org/W3195181257" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944328712

Abstract: Between the 1960s and 1980s, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched a number of international salvage campaigns at the behest of its member states, the most notable being the Nubian Monuments Campaign. Saving ancient monuments and discovering archaeological sites in Egypt and Sudan was viewed as a landmark in twentieth-century heritage conservation and international co-operation; it was never to be repeated again. Requests for assistance continued, yet the campaigns were configured as conservation missions rather than integrated field projects. In retrospect, this action delimited UNESCO’s goals to bridge education, science, and culture and, ultimately, impacted the potential of cross-cultural dialogue and partnerships afforded by archaeological field research. This article focuses on UNESCO’s International Campaign for the Safeguarding of Moenjodaro (1974–97) and traces the role of experts, both archaeological and hydrological, within UNESCO’s mission. It uncovers the organization’s handling of the monumental challenges and long-term effects of a multimillion-dollar salvage effort. In doing so, the article reveals the early role of prominent archaeologists Mortimer Wheeler and John Otis Brew, the ideological shift at UNESCO from archaeological research to monumentality and preservation, and the tensions that emerged as world heritage was reimagined.

[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Cultural Property", "id": "https://openalex.org/S35662283", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4205644942

Pros and Cons of National Health Insurance Fund in Sudan: A Critical Review

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohamed Awad Mousnad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5027447818" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Critical appraisal", "id": "https://openalex.org/C152541439" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Population", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Environmental health", "id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440" }, { "display_name": "Pathology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Sudan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205644942

Introduction: National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) is a semi-autonomous and national organization which is politically affiliated to Ministry of labor and social security and Woman and Child Affairs. NHIF is pointing to mitigate the risks of high cost of health services on both the government and population and securing the quality and accessibility of health services. Aim: this review is aiming to identify, and summarize the findings of relevant studies on the factors that affect NHIF in Sudan to be more accessible for decision makers to take a strategic decisions towards the universal health coverage. Methods: a qualitative exploratory analytical study. The study conducted on National Health Insurance Fund in Khartoum State. The study population was composed of the current literature that clarifying the research question. This study used SALSA framework: the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis framework which is a simple framework divides the review process into four main stages: (1) search (2) appraisal (3) synthesis and (4) analysis. Results: One of NHIF strengthen that it has a large coverage of population but it has low utilization of services by subscribers which considered as threat. Safeguarding health service users especially the poor against the implication of the market liberation policy embarked on by the Sudanese government is considered as opportunity to ensure the financial risk protection at NHIF but existence of The Federal Ministry of Finance as the major contributor in financing NHIF is a threat faces NHIF sustainability. Conclusion: This critical review shows that National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) affected by many internal and external favorable and unfavorable factors. Those factors are: strengthens, weaknesses, opportunities, threats of NHIF which should be taken in consideration to achieve universal health coverage.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of quality in health care & economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210231514", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4319942559

Management of Cultural Assets in Sudan from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Japan", "display_name": "Kyoto City Archaeological Research Institute", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088442", "lat": 35.031956, "long": 135.74937, "type": "archive" } ], "display_name": "Naoyo H. Sekihiro", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5071981121" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Sustainable development", "id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Convention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780608745" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" } ]

[ "Sudan", "Egypt" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4319942559

Nubian heritage sites are situated between the Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter Egypt) and the Republic of the Sudan (hereinafter Sudan). But, the recent tourism and general interests are focused only on the Nubian heritage sites in Egypt. Also, the positive image of Sudan has not yet fully recovered in Japan, although Sudan has been making progress in the post-conflict reconstruction process. This paper aims to make a strong suggestion, from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to treat the Nubian heritage sites both in Egypt and Sudan comprehensively, for which the international campaign to safeguarding monuments in Nubia was launched in the 1960s. This international campaign also influenced the development and adoption of the World Heritage Convention of UNESCO in 1972. The Nubian heritage sites which were moved and reconstructed in the Sudan National Museum in Khartoum should be taken care of equally as those in Egypt in the coming years. SDG 11 “Sustainable cities and communities” has a specific target with the aim to “strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage”. However, Culture has a transversal role to play in achieving all the SDGs. The comprehensive re-presentation of the historical significance of the Nubian heritage sites will motivate the people in Sudan to achieve sustainable development by capitalizing on its rich cultural heritage. The case study presented in this paper may also provide inspirations for other countries and communities in post-conflict situations.

[ { "display_name": "Springer geology", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182022", "type": "book series" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2375877998

The Analysis of the Relations between Sudan and Egypt

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "China", "display_name": "Xi'an Shiyou University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I181903023", "lat": 34.10284, "long": 108.647, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hui Liu", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5029862413" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Ideology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213" }, { "display_name": "Islam", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4445939" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Period (music)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Independence (probability theory)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C35651441" }, { "display_name": "Islamic fundamentalism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780110860" }, { "display_name": "Power (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240" }, { "display_name": "Socialism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C501299471" }, { "display_name": "International relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C34355311" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Economic history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Communism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C542948173" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Statistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Acoustics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656" } ]

[ "Sudan", "Egypt" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2375877998

Since Sudan's independence in 1956,its relations with Egypt has been very complex,and experienced four phases as well as the honeymoon period,cooling period,deteriorating period and modulating period.The reason of the phenomena's emergence lies in the factors of their ideology, and the factors of the international and regional areas at that time,in addition to the state's interests.In 1969,Nimeiry staged a coup and became the leader of the state.Arab socialism pursued by Sudan was similar to Egyptian ideology.In addition,safeguarding the security of the Red Sea and controlling the expansion of the Soviet Union had made their relations as close as brothers.In 1989,Bashir Staged another coup,but the real power was in the hands of the Islamic National Front.The Islamic Fundamentalism pursued by Sudan had deteriorated bilateral relations.After 1997,the objective reality of state's development has forced Sudan to modulate its relations with Egypt.In the long run,Nile is the tie between Sudan and Egypt;Sudan still will keep the special relations with Egypt,because this will be good for these two countries.

[]

https://openalex.org/W3164804195

Safeguarding South Sudan Permanent Constitution-Making Process: A Case for Redesign

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "South Sudan", "display_name": "University of Juba", "id": "https://openalex.org/I192929712", "lat": 4.85165, "long": 31.58247, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Latvia", "display_name": "College of Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090016", "lat": 56.95355, "long": 24.10416, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mading Gum Mading", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5086351275" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Constitution", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776154427" }, { "display_name": "Process (computing)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Operating system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701" } ]

[ "Sudan" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2136055749", "https://openalex.org/W2213795980", "https://openalex.org/W2789772443", "https://openalex.org/W3123418470", "https://openalex.org/W4238143134" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3164804195

This article examines the permanent constitution-making process in South Sudan. Against the backdrop of the Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) designed process, the permanent constitution is expected to usher in a new democratic constitutional order. Anchored on the influential model of constitution making that gives precedent to public participation and to constituent assembly over other procedural choices, the process risks producing a worst-case outcome because it is vulnerable to both elite capture and explosion of violence. This paper argues that the designed permanent constitution-making process is unrealistic and may result in either authoritarian or unworkable constitution. Lumping together the process with peace accord implementation bludgeons the procedural choices. It makes the process susceptible to elite capture thereby limiting genuine public participation, exacerbating ethnic tensions and producing an unworkable constitution. The South Sudan permanent constitution-making process must transcend ARCSS lifespan, value procedural choices, mitigate ethnic tensions, and safeguard against elite capture.

[ { "display_name": "Social Science Research Network", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589", "type": "repository" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2185102298

CONSERVATION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF LIMITED WATER RESOURCES IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS AS ECONOMIC RESOURCES

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abdeen Mustafa Omer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043036607" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Water resources", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153823671" }, { "display_name": "Legislation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Arid", "id": "https://openalex.org/C150772632" }, { "display_name": "Integrated water resources management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C96306036" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Paleontology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Sudan" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W592110925", "https://openalex.org/W1823940542", "https://openalex.org/W2046250154", "https://openalex.org/W2060489116", "https://openalex.org/W3176882924" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2185102298

here are about thirty-four million people living in Sudan, and environmental pollution is a major concern throughout the country; therefore the industries, communities, local authorities and central government has to deal with pollution issues and should adopt an integrated approach. Most polluters pay little or no attention to the control and proper management of polluting effluents. This may reflect lack of enforceable legislation and/or the fear of spending money on the treatment of their effluent prior to discharge. Present resources must be strictly monitored and managed effectively if further deterioration is to be avoided. Community participation in water management programmes should fully involve women, who play a central role in the provision and safeguarding of water for domestic use in the rural areas. The pricing system recognises the economic value of water, as stated in the principles of the policy..

[]

https://openalex.org/W613784051

Sustainable roads for Africa fragile states

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Michele Righi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5075649272" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Nick Gardner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080160420" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Procurement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C201650216" }, { "display_name": "Resilience (materials science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779585090" }, { "display_name": "Sustainable development", "id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447" }, { "display_name": "Agency (philosophy)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108170787" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Capacity building", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779622097" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Epistemology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855" } ]

[ "Sudan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W613784051

Better roads are essential to enable the free movement of people and goods, access to markets and access to social services, leading to improved security and economic development. No less so in Africa than anywhere else. However, it is not enough just to construct new roads. We need also to ensure that road projects are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable, delivering roads infrastructure that best serves the needs of local communities. Strengthening the planning capacity of local authorities and safeguarding maintenance and operations are central for long-term sustainable development. The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) delivers over $300m of infrastructure per year, primarily in post-conflict and post-disaster environments. In the last four years UNOPS has delivered over 5,900km of sustainable and quality roads in the most challenging areas of Africa, from emergency access for relief supplies in South Sudan to paved and unpaved road networks stimulating economic growth in DR Congo and Liberia, prioritizing close collaboration with governments to build national capacity. As lead UN agency for infrastructure, procurement and project management, UNOPS is at the forefront of innovation and strategy in development and positioned to serve as a key partner to assist governments with sustainable solutions as they address fragility and build resilience.

[]

https://openalex.org/W4205505696

Research Items

[]

[ { "display_name": "Damages", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777381055" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Plaintiff", "id": "https://openalex.org/C97460637" }, { "display_name": "Payment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C145097563" }, { "display_name": "MAGIC (telescope)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777704519" }, { "display_name": "Girl", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778047097" }, { "display_name": "Spouse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777495918" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Wife", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778983918" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976" }, { "display_name": "Physics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636" } ]

[ "Sudan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205505696

The Azande Law of Legitimacy.—Further impressions of the Azando are recorded by Major P. M. Larken in Sudan Notes and Records, vol. 13. Zande law appears to be one of compensation, directed almost entirely to the satisfaction of the individual and, except indirectly, not safeguarding the rights of the community. Death was the punishment for malicious magic and for concealing cases of smallpox, but beyond this, there was no idea of a malefactor suffering for having infringed the law established for the protection of the tribe as a whole. Though for some offences a plaintiff might press for the death penalty, the majority of acts were compoundablo by the payment of damages. A man who wished to marry a girl addressed himself to her father or guardian. The bride-price was twenty spears, which was paid to the father and not to any other member of the family. Children born without payment of spears were illegitimate and, as such, the property of the mother's family. If they were girls, the mother's next-of-kin was entitled to the bride-prico. Any boys among illegitimate children were entitled to their sisters' bride-price, which did not in that case go to the mother's next-of-kin. A payment of only one or two spears was sufficient to legitimise the children, provided the balance was paid fairly quickly. If the father refused to complete payment of the price, the chief would probably order the return of the woman with her children to her family, the father retaining one child in consideration of part payment of the bride-price. The father had a legal right to legitimise his children by paying spears, and his wife's family had no right to refuse. Children of women captives of war, or given in payment of a debt or as presents by a former husband, were legitimate only if their father had paid the bride-prico for their mother.

[ { "display_name": "Nature", "id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2903765658

The Role of the Local Community and Museums in the Renaissance of Syrian Cultural Heritage

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Youssef Kanjou", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5044399443" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Incentive", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "The Renaissance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C52069626" }, { "display_name": "Values", "id": "https://openalex.org/C194229684" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Art history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Microeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787" } ]

[ "Syria" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W59899010", "https://openalex.org/W337543654", "https://openalex.org/W1568332829", "https://openalex.org/W1982887557", "https://openalex.org/W1991238184", "https://openalex.org/W1993441315", "https://openalex.org/W2158101458", "https://openalex.org/W2171168687", "https://openalex.org/W2327893658", "https://openalex.org/W2341933586", "https://openalex.org/W2559375452", "https://openalex.org/W2720940175", "https://openalex.org/W2750936409", "https://openalex.org/W2751362508", "https://openalex.org/W2752664751", "https://openalex.org/W2757244675", "https://openalex.org/W2763817916", "https://openalex.org/W2774563419", "https://openalex.org/W2774910708", "https://openalex.org/W2782947808", "https://openalex.org/W2791311521", "https://openalex.org/W4243960869", "https://openalex.org/W4247210929", "https://openalex.org/W4253166626" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2903765658

Abstract Syrian cultural heritage has suffered great destruction during the recent (and ongoing) conflict, but the response to this damage has been less effective than might be hoped. While the actions of extremists have received great attention in the international press, there are many other reasons that have contributed to this situation, such as the inadequate strategy of the Syrian government to preserve cultural heritage prior to the conflict and poor incentives from national and international authorities. This article researches the role of Syrian local communities in safeguarding their cultural heritage before, during, and after the war and provides a critique of the role of national and international communities. Furthermore, the article presents a proposal to encourage the local community to become a part of the process of protection. Museums have a significant role in distributing knowledge about Syrian heritage through heritage education programs.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764665464", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2797466396

UNESCO Experts’ Meeting on the Safeguarding of Syria’s heritage

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "University of Amsterdam", "id": "https://openalex.org/I887064364", "lat": 52.37403, "long": 4.88969, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Nour A. Munawar", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5004225688" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Syria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2797466396

Armed conflicts are one of the primary reasons that endanger heritage and the symbolic value of cultures. Both the protection of cultural legacy and the promotion of the plural interests and identities that intersect and construct heritage in times of war should be reinforced with an effi-ient strategy and effective actions. The unprecedented destruction of renowned cultural heritage sites in Syria has not remained unnoticed. The contentious violations that occurred during the hostilities of Syria’s ongoing conflict have drawn the attention of international organisations such as UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICCROM, and ICOM. Following the constant media reports and aerial photos of heritage destructions in Syria, UNESCO held an experts’ meeting in Berlin to discuss its safeguarding. The meeting was envisioned as a follow-up to the implementation of the UNESCO action plan for the Emergency Safeguarding of Syria’s Cultural Heritage (UNESCO 2014). The three-day conference (2 - 4 June 2016) aimed to continue the work of the 2014 Paris conference, supported by the three-year EU-funded project on the Emergency Safeguarding of the Syrian Cultural Heritage.

[ { "display_name": "Ex Novo", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210212619", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4376874251

Exploring reasons for divergent local communities’ responses to antiquities preservation during conflict in the northwest of Syria – 2014-2023

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "Birkbeck, University of London", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98259816", "lat": 51.50853, "long": -0.12574, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Adnan Almohamad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5053609241" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Husam Al Saad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091964938" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Turkey", "display_name": "Gaziantep University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I59738393", "lat": 37.05944, "long": 37.3825, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ibrahim Ali", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5022441112" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" } ]

[ "Syria" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W337543654", "https://openalex.org/W1981047966", "https://openalex.org/W1993441315", "https://openalex.org/W2256956636", "https://openalex.org/W2290058818", "https://openalex.org/W2461918103", "https://openalex.org/W2552712570", "https://openalex.org/W2720940175", "https://openalex.org/W2745646258", "https://openalex.org/W2750936409", "https://openalex.org/W2774910708", "https://openalex.org/W2783224103", "https://openalex.org/W2885876265", "https://openalex.org/W2905487827", "https://openalex.org/W2913257749", "https://openalex.org/W2955110722", "https://openalex.org/W3215987415", "https://openalex.org/W4220846754", "https://openalex.org/W4312323356", "https://openalex.org/W4319714518" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376874251

The grave damage to Syrian antiquities inflicted during the war has demonstrated the failure of international organizations and cultural agreements to protect antiquities in Syria and highlighted the divergent attitudes of Syrians themselves regarding their antiquities. Initiatives were undertaken in some areas to safeguard antiquities, but were lacking in others, and some Syrians were themselves involved in plundering and destruction actions. This paper aims to identify the reasons for such stark differences in local communities’ responses to safeguarding Syrian antiquities. A total of 46 semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents of Idlib and northern rural Aleppo, including local archaeologists. The study demonstrated differences between the two areas regarding knowledge and attitudes and revealed that a range of factors led to clear differences in the responses of the local communities in Idlib and those of northern rural Aleppo regarding antiquities protection. Some factors were anticipated, such as the impact of war, the security situation, and the deteriorating economic situation, while new factors have been identified. Understanding the local attitudes to antiquities, including the reasons for its protection or destruction, will support plans for enhancing the role of local communities in preserving their antiquities during the conflict.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Social Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/S184546072", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2612291343

Syrian cultural heritage documentation and conservation

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Maria Laura Moretti", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5018678181" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Francesca Quenda", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5083016438" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Documentation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C56666940" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Programming language", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897" } ]

[ "Syria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2612291343

More than five years of civil war, more than 500,000 dead, millions of refugees and displaced persons, the social and economic structure of a country is destroyed. This is the synthesis of the conflict devastating Syria and of which are still unable to see a conclusion as possible. In this terrible conflict exists however also another victim, for now almost forgotten and ignored: the enormous archaeological and cultural heritage, that the country possesses and, in some way, protected. The project to protect and save the tangible cultural heritage of Syria described in this thesis has its origins in a proposal made by some of the authors during the CIPA executive board meeting in CIPA's current aim is to set up a platform for information sharing focused on sites and monuments to protect and preserve the cultural heritage of Syria. The purpose of this thesis is to propose the communication of cultural heritage, through the perspective of the restoration, as a preferred language for more effective communication, with the aim of improving the development processes of heritage and conservation. The structure of the thesis aims to develop new perspectives in the field of cultural communication. More specifically, the research is oriented to investigating the role of issues of conservation as a matter of communication for the improvement of heritage safeguarding and protection.

[]

https://openalex.org/W3015701761

RUSSIAN’S PROVING GROUND IN SYRIA

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Poland", "display_name": "Military Institute of Armament Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I176883796", "lat": 52.308388, "long": 21.09593, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Jarosław Nawrotek", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5032058568" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Dozen", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185181809" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Russian federation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3019953208" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Aeronautics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C178802073" }, { "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Operations research", "id": "https://openalex.org/C42475967" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Regional science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C148383697" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Arithmetic", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94375191" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Machine learning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082" } ]

[ "Syria" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3015701761

Mission of the Russian Federation Armed Forces in Syria is their biggest foreign military operation of current times. It became a form of evaluation of combat efficiency for different forces and troops. Moreover, the Russian Army could check the newest types of used munitions in combat conditions. Leading a combat operation far beyond the borders of own territory can be used for evaluation of the overall system safeguarding the combat operations theatre, and especially the logistics. What is more, the combat experience acquired by a few dozen thousand soldiers is also a priceless value for the army.

[ { "display_name": "Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia i Radiolokacji", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210177923", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W3007579476

Towards Protecting Critical National Assets and Preparedness for Response to Hazardous Chemical, Biological and Radiological Attacks

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "Saveetha University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I85461943", "lat": 13.028276, "long": 80.01574, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Rakesh Kumar Sharma", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5082386396" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Shilpa Rana", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5047363303" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "Defence Food Research Laboratory", "id": "https://openalex.org/I2802608988", "lat": 12.309951, "long": 76.678085, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Natarajan Gopalan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040998536" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Preparedness", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777042776" }, { "display_name": "Hazardous waste", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22507642" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Radiological weapon", "id": "https://openalex.org/C190892606" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "National security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C528167355" }, { "display_name": "Critical infrastructure", "id": "https://openalex.org/C29852176" }, { "display_name": "Emergency response", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017997152" }, { "display_name": "Chemical warfare", "id": "https://openalex.org/C101216236" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Medical emergency", "id": "https://openalex.org/C545542383" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Waste management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Radiology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C126838900" } ]

[ "Syria", "Iraq" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3007579476

Hazardous chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) materials are catching attention of unscrupulous actors for creating terror and havoc. Threat perception for use of such materials by terrorists and non-state actors for malicious purposes, is not imaginative but real and imminent in today’s context. World has witnessed a number of such incidences in the recent years, e.g., Mustard gas attack against Kurdish forces in Iraq; ricin laced letters sent to US President and others senators; use of Nerve gas agents in Syria; capturing of Uranium from University of al- Mousal, Iraq by IS, etc. National assets like critical buildings where main legislative, historical building, Hospitals are some of the likely targets for CBR attacks attract quick coverage by media. Authorities related with managing and safeguarding mechanisms of the facilities to prevent such events happening also to enhance their capabilities as well as effective response. Essential CBR security should include measures to rapidly detect and effectively deter the CBR incidences their deleterious consequences. In this review, protection of the critical facilities from CBR attacks and capacity in terms of infrastructure, specialised training and mutual aid have been discussed.

[ { "display_name": "Defence life science journal", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169304", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4212852656

5. Armed Conflict and the Environment

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "India", "display_name": "University of Delhi", "id": "https://openalex.org/I110166357", "lat": 28.583332, "long": 77.166664, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Santosh Upadhyay", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002614003" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Preparedness", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777042776" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C206345919" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental protection", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Computer network", "id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]

[ "Syria", "Iraq" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4212852656

The past year witnessed mixed results in the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts. The year’s experiences include a targeted attack on Saudi oil fields, resulting in tensions and threatening a serious oil spill in the region; the mysterious burning of crops in Iraq; the blowing up of underwater pipelines at the Baniyas refinery on the coast of Syria and the resulting oil spills; and aggravating tensions over some other oil wells in West Asia. These experiences have, again, illustrated the potential of using the environment as a tool to inflict injuries against adversaries. The environment is still a soft target, and it silently bears the brutal afflictions. Distant from these gloomy ground scenarios, the year also witnessed some satisfactory developments on the thematic and legalistic fronts. UNEP continued its work on the theme Disasters and Conflicts to help countries and communities develop long-term sustainable resource management frameworks that could effectively resolve the strains resulting from disasters and conflicts. The UNEP executive director, in his message on the occasion of the International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflicts, stressed the importance of including environmental factors in security and peace-building paradigms. UNEP has already conducted almost twenty post-conflict assessments in order to determine the environmental impacts of war since 1999. UNEP is also advancing its Disaster and Conflicts program by especially focusing on areas of risk reduction, preparedness and response, and recovery. It also develops tailor-made, country-specific programs to cater to the specific needs of a particular country.

[ { "display_name": "Yearbook of International Environmental Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2736107020", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W257862434

Global Economy and Labor Force Migration: The Case of Iranian Workers in Japan

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Japan", "display_name": "Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I157921009", "lat": 33.27945, "long": 131.49751, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Behrooz Asgari", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5040794536" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Orie Yokoyama", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039883853" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Akiko Morozumi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5086406993" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tom Hope", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5025028660" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Immigration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468" }, { "display_name": "Unemployment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Migrant workers", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3019876095" }, { "display_name": "Demographic economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254" }, { "display_name": "Economy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W229108574", "https://openalex.org/W635518969", "https://openalex.org/W658638263", "https://openalex.org/W2032244253", "https://openalex.org/W2117158709", "https://openalex.org/W3127960917" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W257862434

A large number of Iranian youth left Iran for Japan hoping to fi nd high-paying jobs at the outset, and for the duration, of the bubble economy. When the bubble burst and unemployment began to increase in Japan, most of these workers returned to Iran, while some migrated to Canada, Australia, Thailand, Singapore and other Asian countries. This article assesses Iranian immigration via analysis of a database of Japanese government statistics, created for this research. This quantitative analysis is combined with the results of 60 in-depth interviews of Iranian workers in which the hidden aspects of global migration emerge. The quality of workers’ lives is shown to be of great concern, with visa status proving the greatest barrier to the safeguarding of health and safety.

[]

https://openalex.org/W2997294917

Contested Cartographies: Empire and Sovereignty on a Map of Sistān, Iran (1883)

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[ { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Empire", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778495208" }, { "display_name": "Supporter", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777037273" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Modernization theory", "id": "https://openalex.org/C53844881" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Articulation (sociology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779337067" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Cartography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Genealogy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C53553401" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2997294917

The papers of Malkam Khān (1833–1908), Iranian ambassador in London from 1872 to 1889, a staunch supporter of Iranian state modernization and a scholar, include an often-overlooked map of the Iran–Afghanistan border dating to 1883. Mirzā Mohammad-Rezā Tabrizi compiled this exceptional piece of nineteenth-century Iranian cartography. The map is an illustration of how quickly the Qajar administration was able to emulate European cartographical discourses to protect its own interests in the context of the so-called ‘Great Game’, that is, the often confrontational Russo–British relations over the control of Central Asia and Afghanistan in the nineteenth century. In this article we show that Iranian officials had developed a much more substantial articulation between cartography and statecraft than is conveyed by the stereotypes in nineteenth-century Western literature, when the capacity of local players to use counter-mapping to their own advantage was often underestimated by European agents. Mirzā Mohammad-Rezā Tabrizi’s map of Sistān exemplifies how the apparently all-powerful Western science that seemingly supported nineteenth-century imperial expansion was rarely left unchallenged locally. The genealogy and circulation of the map also reflects how overly simplistic the postulation of a polarization of ‘Western’ knowledge and ‘Eastern’ attempts at safeguarding local sovereignty can be.

[ { "display_name": "Imago Mundi", "id": "https://openalex.org/S160765276", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2946405896

Waste Management for the Better Environment: A Case of Municipality in Iran

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Homa Khorasani Esmaeili", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5033729864" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Lagging", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776962539" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Investment (military)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731" }, { "display_name": "Purchasing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778813691" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Waste management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761" }, { "display_name": "Operations management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Marketing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Pathology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1622293742" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2946405896

Case Overview This case revolves around the challenges pertaining to waste management in Iran. Poor waste management practices can result in soil contamination, water pollution, and air pollution, can cause respiratory problem, and can create permanent adverse health effect. Thus, a solid waste management system is needed for safeguarding the public health, safety, and welfare. However, it seems not an easy task for the developing countries, and Iran is not an exception to this. Recycling has three particular steps: collection and processing, manufacturing, and purchasing new products which made from recycled materials which require heavy investment. Lack of investment in the Iranian recycling sector has made this issue more complicated and lagging behind. This case highlights the challenges faced by the Iranian Municipality in this regard.

[ { "display_name": "Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463237", "type": "ebook platform" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2796731516

Safeguarding and retrofitting works at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Takht-e Soleyman, Iran

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Toralf Burkert", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003134563" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "TU Dresden", "id": "https://openalex.org/I78650965", "lat": 51.05089, "long": 13.73832, "type": "education" }, { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "Institut für Bauforschung", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135590", "lat": 52.3895, "long": 9.751659, "type": "facility" } ], "display_name": "Christian Fuchs", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5015643346" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "display_name": "Bausch Health (Germany)", "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210145875", "lat": 49.406536, "long": 8.649961, "type": "company" } ], "display_name": "Jörg Schweinfurth", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003192452" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Retrofitting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778368411" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Safeguard", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780771206" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Architectural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C170154142" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Structural engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66938386" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2796731516

Abstract This article reports on the works safeguard in 2016 to secure the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Takht‐e Soleyman in the province of West Azerbaijan in the northwest of Iran. The site includes a fire temple and dates back to the sixth century AD. The complex was transformed by the Ilkhanids in the 13th century with extensive repair and building measures. From the 15th century, the complex was abandoned and decayed. In the 1970s, the north wall of the Western Eivan was first secured with steel scaffolding. The Chair of Structural design at the TU Dresden undertook works in 2016 to stabilise the Western Eivan in collaboration with the Iranian cultural heritage organisation (ICHHTO) and with financial support from the cultural maintenance programme of the Federal Foreign Office of Germany. The preliminary investigations until now and the work to the structure planned for 2018 are described below.

[ { "display_name": "Mauerwerk", "id": "https://openalex.org/S143615459", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2784270978

Coastal Landscape Characterization. The Case of the Sartol Seacoast, Bushehr, Iran

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mahdi Sheibani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5008658716" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Niloofar Razavi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5027262923" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Fahimeh Mofrad", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067562879" } ]

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[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2784270978

The pressures of the industrial development and the interactions of humans and environment constantly strain coastal landscapes. As a resolution, documenting the authentic conditions of landscapes, as well as their changing character, is suggested as a monitoring and safeguarding strategy for sustainability of all landscapes, including coastal landscapes. In that regard, this paper describes a method for classifying coastal landscape characters in Sartol costal area in Bushehr, Iran, with special emphasis on the geomorphological features. The emphasis of geomorphological features of the landscape is meant to raise the awareness in the local community on the one hand, and is a measure to control the possible negative changes imposed by the developments of the site. Starting from a review of relevant theories of landscape classification, this approach examines the important and necessary steps in the documentation of landscape character, and continues to test the method in organizing the inventory and basic characterization of Sartol.

[ { "display_name": "Ri-Vista", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306528575", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4376279598

Factors underpinning Iranian farmers’ intention to conserve biodiversity at the farm level

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Moslem Savari", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5019801263" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Abbas Shahitavi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091931240" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Iran", "display_name": "Tarbiat Modares University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I1516879", "lat": 35.72139, "long": 51.381943, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mohammad Shokati Amghani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017330389" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Biodiversity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824" }, { "display_name": "Agriculture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473" }, { "display_name": "Underpinning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780871342" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Socioeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C45355965" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Mathematics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" }, { "display_name": "Statistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698" }, { "display_name": "Civil engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376279598

The depletion of biodiversity is a major environmental challenge of the present time, with the agricultural sector being a significant contributor to the loss. Therefore, farmers' decisions and practices are pivotal in safeguarding biodiversity at the farm level. Accordingly, this study aimed to unravel the key factors influencing farmers' intention to conserve biodiversity (ICB), and in doing so, it adopted the protection motivation theory (PMT) as the theoretical framework. The study's statistical population comprised 412 farmers residing in Bavi County in the southwestern region of Iran. The research employed a questionnaire as the data collection instrument, and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicated that the respondents held a perception of high costs associated with implementing biodiversity conservation behaviors. They believed that such measures would not be easy to implement, and they would incur both monetary and non-monetary costs. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that the variables of SE and ICB among the studied farmers were lower than the theoretical median of 3, indicating that farmers may not have a strong desire and self-efficacy to engage in biodiversity conservation practices. Through the application of SEM, the study determined that the PMT accounts for 65.2% of farmers’ ICB. Additionally, perceived severity and self-efficacy were found to have the strongest effects on farmers’ ICB (as the first and second determinants), highlighting the importance of these variables in predicting farmers’ conservation behaviors. Overall, it can be concluded that these results have significant implications for policymakers in the agricultural sector, providing valuable insights into how to promote biodiversity conservation practices among farmers.

[ { "display_name": "Journal for Nature Conservation", "id": "https://openalex.org/S77407326", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W793886129

URBAN TRANSPORTATION IN IRAN METROPOLITANS

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohsen Hashemi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5043568619" } ]

[ { "display_name": "TRIPS architecture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C157085824" }, { "display_name": "Capital city", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2994052530" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Socioeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C45355965" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Transport engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C22212356" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Economic geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C26271046" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W793886129

Please note that due to the size of the video included wit this presentation, it has not been available yet to upload it . Iran has at least 9 large populous cities (each above 1 million) with sum of 20 million inhabitants. Tehran, Mashhad, Esfahan, Ahwaz, Karaj, Tabriz, Kermanshah, Qom and Shiraz are the largest Iranian cities in which millions of citizens travel everyday to their workplaces, schools, universities, shopping centers and vice versa.Tehran, the Capital of Iran and other Iranian metropolitans are badly suffering from congestion, air pollution and other aftereffects of the daily motorized urban and suburban trips of their inhabitants. The already dangerously polluted living environment would certainly worsen if the current trend of motorized mobility of these sprawling and populated cities continues. Congestion and traffic jams waste the otherwise productive time of citizens while the pollution related diseases are ruining citizens' lives and national wealth. Fortunately the Iranian officials and decision-makers have recognized the importance of boosting public transport in not only easing the condition of everyday lives of the citizens but also in creating jobs, socio-economic development and in one word , better safeguarding national interests. To this end more than 990 km of heavy and light metros and regional rail links have been planned to be implemented in the above mentioned Iranian cities till 2020.The very successful experience of Tehran Metro has strengthened our determination of implementing our ambitious goal of absorbing some 40 percent of Tehran inhabitants' daily trips to urban railway system by 2030. For the time being, in addition to the recently mobilized extensions to the existing metro lines, new lines are under construction. Tehran metro success has also become the paradigm for any comprehensive urban development plan in Iran. Any new Iranian urban development plan considers urban railway system as the backbone of its structure

[ { "display_name": "CONGRESS - DUBAI 2011", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306506885", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4388507486

Developing a Framework for Qualitative Evaluation of Urban Interventions in Iranian Historical Cores

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Netherlands", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "lat": 52.00667, "long": 4.35556, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Azadeh Arjomand Kermani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5079782236" } ]

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[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388507486

Iranian historic city cores are important parts of modern cities because of their valuable monuments and morphology but are also significant because of their population density, location and the major governmental functions they house. Since 1920, modernisation policies and urban development trends in Iran have justified spatial transformation and redevelopment and the demolition and destruction of traditional urban fabrics as a way to provide contemporary requirements and hygiene improvements for the residents. As the UNESCO recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape argues, historic urban cores can only sustain their role in the daily life of the city by getting prepared for and participating in this transformation process. Disagreement over the value of historic urban cores on the one hand and inevitable modification of urban areas in a developing country like Iran on the other, creates a problematic condition for the preservation of the historic environment. The Valletta Principles for the Safeguarding and Management of Historic Cities, Towns and Urban Areas states that historic towns and urban areas require an integrated approach including their “protection, conservation, enhancement and management as well as their coherent development and their harmonious adaptation to contemporary life”. In order to support the process of reaching a balance between these spatial targets in Iran, this research discusses the relation between urban transformation projects and their heritage context. In doing so it connects international literature on urban quality and traditional Iranian urban forms to contemporary Iranian urban design practice. To achieve this integration between urban heritage and spatial development, a framework of quality attributes has been developed to evaluate urban interventions in a heritage context. The three main pillars of this framework have been extracted from and inspired by international literature and guidelines. Place-making theories have proved to be especially helpful. An analysis of traditional urban forms in Iran and their main characteristics - especially for the urban type of the bazaar – has provided a list of specific and relevant parameters. The framework has been tested by evaluating two case studies in Shiraz that illustrate two different approaches to heritage intervention on an urban level. The outcome has led to modification of the framework and new research questions.

[ { "display_name": "A+BE: Architecture and the Built Environment", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2738990503", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4388632831

Developing a Framework for Qualitative Evaluation of Urban Interventions in Iranian Historical Cores

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Azadeh Arjomand Kermani", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5079782236" } ]

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[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388632831

Iranian historic city cores are important parts of modern cities because of their valuable monuments and morphology but are also significant because of their population density, location and the major governmental functions they house. Since 1920, modernisation policies and urban development trends in Iran have justified spatial transformation and redevelopment and the demolition and destruction of traditional urban fabrics as a way to provide contemporary requirements and hygiene improvements for the residents. As the UNESCO recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape argues, historic urban cores can only sustain their role in the daily life of the city by getting prepared for and participating in this transformation process. Disagreement over the value of historic urban cores on the one hand and inevitable modification of urban areas in a developing country like Iran on the other, creates a problematic condition for the preservation of the historic environment. The Valletta Principles for the Safeguarding and Management of Historic Cities, Towns and Urban Areas states that historic towns and urban areas require an integrated approach including their “protection, conservation, enhancement and management as well as their coherent development and their harmonious adaptation to contemporary life”. In order to support the process of reaching a balance between these spatial targets in Iran, this research discusses the relation between urban transformation projects and their heritage context. In doing so it connects international literature on urban quality and traditional Iranian urban forms to contemporary Iranian urban design practice. To achieve this integration between urban heritage and spatial development, a framework of quality attributes has been developed to evaluate urban interventions in a heritage context. The three main pillars of this framework have been extracted from and inspired by international literature and guidelines. Place-making theories have proved to be especially helpful. An analysis of traditional urban forms in Iran and their main characteristics - especially for the urban type of the bazaar – has provided a list of specific and relevant parameters. The framework has been tested by evaluating two case studies in Shiraz that illustrate two different approaches to heritage intervention on an urban level. The outcome has led to modification of the framework and new research questions.

[ { "display_name": "A+BE: Architecture and the Built Environment", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2738990503", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W1823902704

توافق هسته ای ایران: تاثیرات داخلی

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Maysam Behravesh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5066908854" } ]

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[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1823902704

Safeguarding the Iranian state against external aggression and thus almost guaranteeing its survival from without, the Iran nuclear deal is expected to have a desecuritizing impact in the country over time and thus empower the moderate forces and reformers including the civil society and middle classes.

[]

https://openalex.org/W2240351786

THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF STRONG GROUND MOTION DATA IN IRAN IN 2011 (TECHNICAL REPORT)

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[ { "display_name": "Motion (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C104114177" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Seismology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C165205528" }, { "display_name": "Geology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2240351786

The Iranian plateau is one of the seismically active areas of the world and frequently suffers destructive earthquakes that cause heavy loss of human life and widespread damage. Safeguarding life and property from destructive effects of earthquakes is a major national as well as world-wide problem. Earthquake strong motion data provide the basis for design of engineered buildings, bridges, dams and other critical structures as well as the basis for research on fundamental problems related to earthquake processes, and internal structure of the earth. Strong motion instrumentation program in Iran is operated by ISMN. Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN) started its activities in 1973 at the former Planning and Budget Organization. In 1981, the ISMN was transferred to BHRC and a new phase of its activities began. Until 1992, the ISMN had 274 analog accelerographs. At the present time (August 2013) ISMN has 1149 digital accelerographs. More than 9770 three component accelerograms have been recorded by these instruments.

[]

https://openalex.org/W2487362091

Safeguarding Iran and Afghanistan: On UNESCO’s Efforts in the Field of Archeology

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Agnès Borde Meyer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5029288406" } ]

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[ "Iran", "Egypt" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1990835764", "https://openalex.org/W2042035900" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2487362091

People usually associate UNESCO with archeology for only a few events and names, such as the removal of the Abu Simbel temples in Egypt, or the notion of world heritage. Other initiatives and actions, and their impact on archeological activities, are generally lesser known. That is the case for the Asian continent, where the perception of UNESCO’s actions by its various partners, and the definitive impact on their own actions, is something we know little about. When studying the institutional and private papers about archeological missions in Central Asia — in my case in Sistan, a geographical area between Iran and Afghanistan — one can therefore be surprised to see what has taken place and was carried out by UNESCO from the 1940s. I, of course, suspected that the organization’s initiatives and approaches would have had some sort of impact on national institutions dedicated to archeology, and on scholars in the field, from the first inclusion of UNESCO in the Congress of Orientalists in 1948 and up until the events which disturbed the relations between Iran, Afghanistan and the organization in the 1980s — the evolution of the archeological work and institutions was, after all, significant during this period. But the question is to what extent UNESCO took part in its development.

[ { "display_name": "Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463716", "type": "ebook platform" } ]

https://openalex.org/W1574946804

Developmental care from theory to action

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[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1574946804

Developmental care from theory to action Soleimani Farin. ( M.D)1 , Sajedi Ferozeh2 (M.D) Torkzahrani Shahnaz3 (M.Sc) 1. MD, Pediatrician, Associate Professor Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Scienc-es, Tehran, Iran.2. MD, Pediatrician, Associate Professor Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Scienc-es, Tehran, Iran.3. M.Sc. in Midwifery, Faculty member of Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Ph.D. Candidate Pediatric, Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Corresponding author: Torkzahrani Shahnaz; [email protected] Abstract Background: The premature or low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit admission are affected not only by body’s physiology and immature developmental condition but also by environmental stress; thereby they are at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to review the emerging fi eld of neurodevelopmetal disorders and strategies to reduce it. Materials and Methods: In this review article, Iranmedex، Sciencedirect،google Scholar، SID, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO-CINAHL databases between 1960 to 2013 were searched for finding the relevant studies. Result: The review of literature indicates that developmental care mostly reports positive effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes and helps preterm infants cope with the environment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Healing environment, partnering with families, positioning and handling, safeguarding sleep and optimizing nutrition are main core measures of developmental care. The structuring and designing of NICU environment for the high risk neonate has important policy implications for neonatal healthcare and beyond hospital stay. Key Words: Developmental care, Neurodevelopment, NICU, preterm, low birth weight,

[ { "display_name": "Advances in Nursing & Midwifery", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764344799", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2887257582

Safeguarding and Retrofitting of the Western Eivan of the Takht-e Soleyman, Iran

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[ "Iran" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2917192204" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2887257582

The Western Eivan is a part of the World Heritage Site of Takht-e Soleyman in Iran. The ruins of the large hall show grave structural damages. The structure is built of brick work, natural stone masonry and gypsum based mortar. In the last two years several works were executed like archeological soundings, documentation of the existing historic building substance, performance of a 3 D laser scan, materials and damage mapping as well as taking of material samples and performance and supporting of a gypsum burning process. Beyond that it was developed a concept for the stabilization of the north wall of the Eivan. At the building site two test walls were designed and drilling and grouting technology as well as the developed grout was tested. In 2017 the buttress on the north side of the ruin was safeguarded and retrofitted with the selected techniques. The presented paper highlights the preliminary research and the safeguarding approach for the iconic ruin.

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https://openalex.org/W3138817426

Materials and Technologies of the Bamiyan Wall Paintings

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[ { "display_name": "Painting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205783811" }, { "display_name": "Cave", "id": "https://openalex.org/C171878925" }, { "display_name": "Sculpture", "id": "https://openalex.org/C67805463" }, { "display_name": "Art", "id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Gautama Buddha", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524757792" }, { "display_name": "Buddhism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C75699723" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Visual arts", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607" }, { "display_name": "Cave painting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C85311402" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Iran" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2509352342" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138817426

Bamiyan is located at a cultural cross-roads between Iran and the Mediterranean to the west, China to the east, India to the south, and nomadic cultures to the north. Approximately 1,000 caves were modified to serve as temples, residences, and storage chambers. As is well known, the site’s two colossal Buddha sculptures were shattered in March 2001, and wall paintings were either destroyed or looted for sale in international art markets. Over 80% of the paintings were lost. In 2005 a UNESCO project entitled “Safeguarding the Bamiyan Valley” was launched. Prior to conservation work, minute samples were taken from 31 caves (of a total 279). These were used to investigate original painting technologies and their mechanics of deterioration. Analysis confirmed the Buddhist paintings of mid-seventh century Bamiyan as the world’s earliest examples to use drying oil as binding media. In addition, the creation of the paintings is distinguished by other complex technologies, including the skilful use of earthen materials; and the sophisticated application of multiple colour layers and finishing techniques.

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https://openalex.org/W2527704311

A China perspective : North Korea's nuclear tests reshaping Northeast Asian security

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Liang Yabin", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5082761421" } ]

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[ "Iran" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2527704311

First, the country's security issues can only be resolved through nuclear weapons development in response to the long, con nuous pressure from the powerful military alliance of the U.S. and South Korea. Nuclear weapons are an “affordable” counterbalancing weapon for weak and small countries against powerful threats. In prac ce, the effec veness of nuclear weapons safeguarding state security has indeed been repeatedly validated since World War II. So far, no large‐scale military strikes against a nuclear weapons state have happened. Historically, no na on with func onal and proven nuclear weapons has ever given up that capability. South Africa and Iran gave up their nuclear technology before achieving successful nuclear tests. Ukraine is the only country to have given up its nuclear weapons voluntarily, but provides a very nega ve example to the world of what can happen a erwards, as seen with Crimea's recent annexa on by Russia and the descent of Eastern Ukraine into civil war.

[]

https://openalex.org/W2330984416

Libyan Heritage under threat: the case of Cyrene

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "University of Exeter", "id": "https://openalex.org/I23923803", "lat": 50.7236, "long": -3.52751, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Ahmad Abdulkariem", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039294682" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "Canterbury Archaeological Trust", "id": "https://openalex.org/I267144501", "lat": 51.28084, "long": 1.085669, "type": "nonprofit" } ], "display_name": "Paul Bennett", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023621642" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" } ]

[ "Libya" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2318592991", "https://openalex.org/W4381929511" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2330984416

Abstract The archaeological heritage of Libya is at serious risk from uncontrolled development. The reasons for the situation are discussed, and the attendant difficulties in preventing encroachment on the archaeological zone. The case of Cyrene is not alone, but while the focus here is its particular problems, guidelines for safeguarding Libya's heritage are proposed, while acknowledging current efforts to counteract the state of play.

[ { "display_name": "Libyan Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764955568", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4239472389

British Archaeology in Libya, 1943–70

[]

[ { "display_name": "Officer", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777189325" }, { "display_name": "Administration (probate law)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780765947" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Victory", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779220109" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Treaty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779010840" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Ancient history", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Libya" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4239472389

After the victory of El-Alamein, a military administration was set up in Libya to act as a caretaker government until a peace-treaty should be concluded. This administration assumed, as part of its responsibilities, the care of the country's antiquities. In Cyrenaica the staff of the Italian Soprintendenza had been withdrawn; in Tripolitania, under Dr. G. Pesce, the Soprintendenza remained in operation. At the instance of Sir Mortimer (then Brigadier) Wheeler, Major J. B. Ward-Perkins, who was serving with the Eighth Army, was appointed Acting Adviser in Archaeology to the British Military Administration. In the summer of 1943 he made a number of recommendations as to the safeguarding of the antiquities, and in August 1944 Major C. G. C. Hyslop was appointed as Antiquities Officer for the two Libyan territories, Cyrenaica and Tripolitania, under British control. The British Antiquities Officer worked in close conjunction with the Italian Soprintendenza at Tripoli, but in Cyrenaica he had to rely almost entirely on his own resources. Maintenance and reorganization were first priorities but Hyslop also found time to issue an English guidebook to Cyrenaica. Major D. E. L. Haynes who followed Hyslop as Antiquities Officer late in 1945 produced a similar volume on Tripolitania, which after two subsequent editions and revisions commissioned by the Libyan Government in 1955 and 1959, is still the standard guide-book to the classical antiquities. Haynes was succeeded by Goodchild in September 1946, followed by Morgan in 1948 and Johns in 1950. The main responsibility of the Antiquities Department continued to be the care of the important coastal sites excavated by Italian archaeologists between 1912 and 1942, but the presence of British forces with personnel trained in desert travel and also with facilities such as transport, stores, camping-equipment, made it possible to carry out archaeological field work, especially in the pre-desert areas.

[ { "display_name": "Annual report", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210181844", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2113366432

Problems of Urban Water Supply in Libya

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Libya", "display_name": "University of Benghazi", "id": "https://openalex.org/I31439502", "lat": 32.05506, "long": 20.054071, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "S. K. Kezeiri", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091624725" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Water supply", "id": "https://openalex.org/C97053079" }, { "display_name": "Investment (military)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731" }, { "display_name": "Arid", "id": "https://openalex.org/C150772632" }, { "display_name": "Water resource management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C524765639" }, { "display_name": "Natural resource economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778" }, { "display_name": "Pipeline transport", "id": "https://openalex.org/C175309249" }, { "display_name": "Water resources", "id": "https://openalex.org/C153823671" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Environmental science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304" }, { "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Paleontology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Libya" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W2277834050" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113366432

Abstract Problems connected with the supply of water to Libya's expanding urban connurbations are described. The constraints imposed by the arid climate have obliged Libya to place great reliance on the exploitation of groundwater reserves and in the most populous, northern regions these are becoming seriously depleted. The long-term safeguarding of the water supply and its possible augmentation to meet rising demand depends on current, expensive, investment. The most ambitious scheme is for a ‘man-made river’ in which water from the country's southern underground reserves will be carried in pipelines to the northern coastal region. Further investment is also being made in desalination plants, whilst additional improvements are recommended in the metering and maintenance of water supply installations. The degree of success of these ventures have vital implications for Libya's future agricultural and urban development.

[ { "display_name": "Libyan Studies", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764955568", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2519023553

Safeguarding oil resources in unoccupied territories during armed conflict : the Libyan problem

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "South Africa", "display_name": "Rhodes University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I203238179", "lat": -33.31361, "long": 26.519722, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "James Tsabora", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5009445439" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Security forces", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775907854" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "International community", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779872411" }, { "display_name": "Use of force", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776729102" }, { "display_name": "Crimes against humanity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776429423" }, { "display_name": "International law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C55447825" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "War crime", "id": "https://openalex.org/C195064531" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Libya" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2519023553

On 17 March 2011, the fifteen members of the United Nations Security Council voted on a Resolution on Libya, following weeks of mass anti-government protests that triggered a ruthless crack down by President Gaddaffi's security forces. The crackdown is of such a callous nature that the international community began to agree that Gaddaffi could be committing crimes against humanity and should be investigated by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. The initially peaceful civilian protests gradually developed into an armed movement that launched attacks against government targets and institutions in Libya's towns and cities, and the villages surrounding Tripoli. After recording early victories and almost reaching Tripoli, the rebels were repulsed with even more ruthless force by Gaddaffi's security forces. The onslaught by President Gaddaffi's forces continued and it became clear that the total defeat of the rebels was only a matter of days away. However, before the capitulation of the rebels could be secured, the United Nations stepped up its efforts to address the situation in Libya, apparently taking sides with the rebel and civilian groups that participated in widespread protests and attacks against President Gaddaffi's rule. The efforts of the United Nations culminated eventually in UN Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011) where ten of the members, with five abstentions, voted for and authorised international intervention in Libya on 'humanitarian grounds'.

[ { "display_name": "Southern African Public Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764685568", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4388104790

SECURITY ISSUES IN LIBYAN GOVERNMENT COMPANIES

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Salima Benqdara", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5072329975" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Computer security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "The Internet", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110875604" }, { "display_name": "Information security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C527648132" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Internet privacy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C108827166" }, { "display_name": "Safeguard", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780771206" }, { "display_name": "Information security management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C148976360" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing security", "id": "https://openalex.org/C184842701" }, { "display_name": "Security information and event management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C103377522" }, { "display_name": "World Wide Web", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Cloud computing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C79974875" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "International trade", "id": "https://openalex.org/C155202549" }, { "display_name": "Operating system", "id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701" } ]

[ "Libya" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388104790

The growth of technology, communications, and the cyber-Internet has led to a revolution in how data and information are sent and used online. As a result, internet security has become a crucial concern, particularly in safeguarding sensitive data in the government company. Government company a vital infrastructure for modern society, is also a lucrative target for cyber attacks, which could potentially expose sensitive customer information. This study highlights the importance of internet security in safeguarding sensitive data in government companies such as telecommunications companies. The study conducted in Libya employed an interview technique to evaluate the information security policy of government companies and identified several vulnerabilities that require mitigation to protect networks from cyber attacks. The study emphasizes the significance of information security in government companies and provides insights that can assist companies in developing and implementing effective policies to safeguard their networks.

[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764748552", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2971625462

The (W)Hole Picture: Responses to a Looted Landscape

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "DePaul University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I118353179", "lat": 41.9236, "long": -87.6535, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Morag M. Kersel", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5060549470" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United States", "display_name": "Dartmouth College", "id": "https://openalex.org/I107672454", "lat": 43.70229, "long": -72.28954, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Austin Hill", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5006497592" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Looting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780570456" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Law enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780262971" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Enforcement", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779777834" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "World heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2993601171" }, { "display_name": "Cultural landscape", "id": "https://openalex.org/C12429862" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W150749514", "https://openalex.org/W209957588", "https://openalex.org/W1426165441", "https://openalex.org/W1504183433", "https://openalex.org/W1529851458", "https://openalex.org/W1964775413", "https://openalex.org/W1991238184", "https://openalex.org/W1992383122", "https://openalex.org/W1993441315", "https://openalex.org/W1998327661", "https://openalex.org/W1998943389", "https://openalex.org/W2016170005", "https://openalex.org/W2026718846", "https://openalex.org/W2042966696", "https://openalex.org/W2066580399", "https://openalex.org/W2077221784", "https://openalex.org/W2096464883", "https://openalex.org/W2129493656", "https://openalex.org/W2142566733", "https://openalex.org/W2175433915", "https://openalex.org/W2210423779", "https://openalex.org/W2287166047", "https://openalex.org/W2371450507", "https://openalex.org/W2471881916", "https://openalex.org/W2474495157", "https://openalex.org/W2521099477", "https://openalex.org/W2531770277", "https://openalex.org/W2550327402", "https://openalex.org/W2587918125", "https://openalex.org/W2598522566", "https://openalex.org/W2675662670", "https://openalex.org/W2720940175", "https://openalex.org/W2751362508", "https://openalex.org/W2752862416", "https://openalex.org/W2756282309", "https://openalex.org/W2772454124", "https://openalex.org/W2773676226", "https://openalex.org/W2783591331", "https://openalex.org/W2800454290" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2971625462

Abstract: How do archaeologists, governments, law enforcement, and a local non-governmental organization react to a hole in the ground—a hole that is the direct result of archaeological site looting? Whatever the response, the aim is the same: the protection of Jordanian cultural heritage through a curtailing of archaeological looting. New to the standard suite of responses are unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs). A comprehensive approach to the landscape, which includes UAV flyovers, ground truthing, oral interviews, collaborative efforts with the Jordanian Department of Antiquities and local cultural heritage organizations, is essential to safeguarding and documenting what remains of a series of Early Bronze Age sites (3600–2000 bc ) along the Dead Sea Plain in Jordan. This is an examination of the (w)hole picture—individual and institutional responses to looters’ holes—diverse reactions with the common goal of preserving and protecting Jordanian cultural heritage.

[ { "display_name": "International Journal of Cultural Property", "id": "https://openalex.org/S35662283", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2059705874

Jordan and the legacies of the civil war of 1970–71

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "United Kingdom", "display_name": "University of Leeds", "id": "https://openalex.org/I130828816", "lat": 53.79648, "long": -1.54785, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hussein Sirriyeh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002518706" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Rivalry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779602485" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "State (computer science)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436" }, { "display_name": "Politics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758" }, { "display_name": "Spanish Civil War", "id": "https://openalex.org/C81631423" }, { "display_name": "Sovereignty", "id": "https://openalex.org/C186229450" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Monarchy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C203458295" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Algorithm", "id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W579253495", "https://openalex.org/W1570721873", "https://openalex.org/W2028835685", "https://openalex.org/W2054999527", "https://openalex.org/W2060396456", "https://openalex.org/W2134417090" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059705874

The legacies of the Jordanian civil war of 1970–71 are still felt, 30 years after. On the Jordanian level it encouraged the growth of Jordanian identity, rallied the tribes around the monarchy and strengthened the role of the army in safeguarding state security. On the level of Jordanian‐Palestinian politics, it led to discrimination between Trans‐Jordanians and Palestinians in public sector employment and intensified the rivalry between Jordan and the PLO as to who should speak for the Palestinians. On the Arab level, it alerted the King to the value of adhering to an Arab consensus and demonstrated Jordan's role as a moderating factor in Arab politics. Internationally, it enhanced Jordan's status and respectability as a sovereign state.

[ { "display_name": "Civil Wars", "id": "https://openalex.org/S186818105", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4206354686

Jordanian experience: The internet pharmacy drug delivery platform during the COVID-19

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Khawla Abu Hammour", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5037993809" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Mariam Abdeljalil", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067640312" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Qusai Manaseer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5064750867" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "University of Jordan", "id": "https://openalex.org/I114972647", "lat": 31.95522, "long": 35.94503, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Bayan Al-Manaseer", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5018927655" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Pharmacy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C104863432" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Medical prescription", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2426938" }, { "display_name": "The Internet", "id": "https://openalex.org/C110875604" }, { "display_name": "General partnership", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71750763" }, { "display_name": "Medical emergency", "id": "https://openalex.org/C545542383" }, { "display_name": "Emergency department", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780724011" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Emergency medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C194828623" }, { "display_name": "Family medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "World Wide Web", "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W1599598513", "https://openalex.org/W2046632503", "https://openalex.org/W2145011547", "https://openalex.org/W2168975047", "https://openalex.org/W2287365516", "https://openalex.org/W2319356823", "https://openalex.org/W2403287428", "https://openalex.org/W2540423845", "https://openalex.org/W2758061306", "https://openalex.org/W2779151894", "https://openalex.org/W2845596128", "https://openalex.org/W3005668029", "https://openalex.org/W3010223921", "https://openalex.org/W3013371033", "https://openalex.org/W3035755808", "https://openalex.org/W3045235614", "https://openalex.org/W3125130380", "https://openalex.org/W3135836423" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206354686

The present study aimed to see how well the newly designed internet hospital drug delivery platform model worked in the pharmacy department during the COVID-19 pandemic to make it easier for patients to get their prescribed drugs during the home quarantine. Methods: The internet hospital drug delivery platform was designed and activated by the pharmacy department in collaboration with the information technology department. The pharmacy department, in partnership with the information technology department, built and launched the internet hospital drug delivery platform (IHDD) immediately after the Jordanian government declared a full lockdown. Results: During the quarantine, a total of 5994 prescriptions, including 28494 medications, were delivered to 4853 patients. The majority of the patients (n = 1835; 37.8%) were aged 60 to 74.Nearly three quarters (4722; 78.8%) of the patients were from Amman, the capital of Jordan, and the top five online prescription departments were cardiology (n = 1737, 31.6%), endocrinology (n = 624, 11.4%), nephrology (n = 557, 10.1%), respiratory (n = 462, 8.4%), and neurology (n = 412, 7.5%). Conclusion: The IHDD platform was found to be efficient and convenient because it handled the challenge of precisely delivering medications to patients on time. To meet the pandemic's challenge, the pharmacy department has extended its inventive powers. In addition to safeguarding the environment, health technology was used to provide a coordinated, systematic program for the administration of medications. The pharmacy department, in partnership with the information technology department, built and deployed the internet hospital drug distribution infrastructure shortly after Jordan's government proclaimed a full lockdown. During the quarantine, a total of 5994 prescriptions, including 28494 medications, were delivered to 4853 patients. The majority of the patients (n = 1835; 37.8%) were between the ages of 60 and 74.Nearly three quarters (4722; 78.8%) of the patients were from Amman, the capital of Jordan, and the top five online prescription departments were cardiology (n = 1737, 31.6%), endocrinology (n = 624, 11.4%), nephrology (n = 557, 10.1%), respiratory (n = 462, 8.4%), and urology (n = 412, 7.5%). The pharmacy department has expanded its capabilities creatively to face the challenge posed by the pandemic. Health technology was utilized to ensure a coordinated, systematic program for the delivery of medications, in addition to preserving the safety of the dedicated staff.

[ { "display_name": "Health Policy and Technology", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764671021", "type": "journal" }, { "display_name": "PubMed Central", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "type": "repository" }, { "display_name": "PubMed", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "type": "repository" } ]

https://openalex.org/W1729894743

The Role of the Jordanian Audit Bureau Law in Safeguarding Public Funds in the Light of Recent Variations

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Mohammad Y. Al-Rahahleh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5001879712" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Audit", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199521495" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Sample (material)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522" }, { "display_name": "Accounting", "id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Joint audit", "id": "https://openalex.org/C191602146" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Legislature", "id": "https://openalex.org/C83009810" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Internal audit", "id": "https://openalex.org/C170856484" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Chemistry", "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Chromatography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1729894743

The study aimed at highlighting the role of the Jordanian Audit Bureau Law in safeguarding the public funds in Jordan, and to what extent it provides the bureau with a suitable legislative environment to carry out its tasks and functions under the prevailing conditions in accordance with the international audit standards. In addition, this study investages the point of view of the bureau staff regarding the law. A study of the law and data collected by a questionnaire are utilized in this study. A sample of (110) audit bureau staff members was selected and a questionnaire was developed and distributed among the sample. (94) questionnaires were suitable for analysis. The study explores that the audit law is not coincident with international audit standards. Moreover, other Arab audit bureaus are moderner and more compatible with these standards. In addition, the sample shows that in spite of the characteristics of this law, there is a need to issue a new law, which considers the new modern changes. The study recommends issuing this new law.

[ { "display_name": "Jordan Journal of Business Administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764969724", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4245831346

Medical Evaluation of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse by Nancy Kellogg, Joyce Adams and Jordan Greenbaum, Evidentia Publishing, Huizen, The Netherlands, 2019. US$250, abridged version US$99. Available: https://www.evidentiapublishing.com/shop-1

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[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Publishing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C151719136" }, { "display_name": "General partnership", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71750763" }, { "display_name": "Child sexual abuse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2994049219" }, { "display_name": "Project commissioning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C165347436" }, { "display_name": "Library science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863" }, { "display_name": "Sexual abuse", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2992354236" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Psychology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Computer science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Medical emergency", "id": "https://openalex.org/C545542383" }, { "display_name": "Poison control", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3017944768" }, { "display_name": "Suicide prevention", "id": "https://openalex.org/C526869908" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4245831346

Child Abuse ReviewVolume 29, Issue 6 p. 589-591 Training Update Medical Evaluation of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse by Nancy Kellogg, Joyce Adams and Jordan Greenbaum, Evidentia Publishing, Huizen, The Netherlands, 2019. US$250, abridged version US$99. Available: https://www.evidentiapublishing.com/shop-1 Jo Gifford, Jo Gifford orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-7755 Consultant Community Paediatrician, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust and Designated Doctor for Child Safeguarding Coventry, Coventry and Rugby Clinical Commissioning Group, Coventry, UKSearch for more papers by this author Jo Gifford, Jo Gifford orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-7755 Consultant Community Paediatrician, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust and Designated Doctor for Child Safeguarding Coventry, Coventry and Rugby Clinical Commissioning Group, Coventry, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2629Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume29, Issue6November/December 2020Pages 589-591 This article also appears in:Training Updates RelatedInformation

[ { "display_name": "Child Abuse Review", "id": "https://openalex.org/S125708707", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W4310229370

The UNESCO Contribution to Safeguarding and Preserving Jordan’s Cultural Heritage

[ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Jordan", "display_name": "Yarmouk University", "id": "https://openalex.org/I85507684", "lat": 32.55556, "long": 35.85, "type": "education" } ], "display_name": "Hani Hayajneh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000761091" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "France", "display_name": "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization", "id": "https://openalex.org/I1293226324", "lat": 48.85341, "long": 2.3488, "type": "government" } ], "display_name": "Giorgia Cesaro", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5032815754" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Intangible cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779460620" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577" }, { "display_name": "Cultural heritage management", "id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Government (linguistics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410" }, { "display_name": "Sustainability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764" }, { "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474" }, { "display_name": "Industrial heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695" }, { "display_name": "Perpetuity", "id": "https://openalex.org/C203700910" }, { "display_name": "Natural heritage", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753" }, { "display_name": "Public relations", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Tourism", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Ecology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297" }, { "display_name": "Linguistics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202" }, { "display_name": "Philosophy", "id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" }, { "display_name": "Biology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4310229370

UNESCO seeks to build peace through international cooperation in education, sciences, and culture and contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals defined in the 2030 Agenda. The present paper explores how UNESCO, the Jordanian government, and the local communities work together in the design and implementation of plans aimed at developing a knowledge-based economy, protecting Jordan’s natural environment and rich cultural heritage, promoting intercultural dialogue and cultural diversity, and in strengthening the institutionalization of culture for development. The present contribution is divided into two parts, the first covers the institutional/legislative framework; financial capacities of Jordanian institutions and describes the activities undertaken by UNESCO over the past years for the preservation of Jordan’s tangible heritage. The section shows UNESCO’s approach towards the conservation of sites from a more resilience-based perspective in an attempt to realize employment opportunities in the heritage sector and heritage as a vehicle for socio-economic resilience and sustainability. The second part of the present paper covers the collaborative efforts by UNESCO and the Jordanian Government in safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in the context of the UNESCO 2003 Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage, including the inscription of ICH elements into the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, the establishment of certain Jordanian institutions related to ICH safeguarding, and UNESCO’s support for Safeguarding ICH in Jordan on the national and international levels. This includes capacity building, raising awareness on the importance of ICH, managing and supporting projects for drawing community-based inventories of ICH elements in Jordan, and integrating ICH into the Jordanian educational arena. Some recommendations towards safeguarding ICH in Jordan on both the governmental and societal levels are given, e.g., involving museums, enhancing media and information channels, developing educational plans, investmenting in ICH in the sustainable tourism sector, and modifying existing legislation and constitutional provisions to protect ICH and its bearers.

[ { "display_name": "المجلة الاردنية للتاريخ والآثار", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210229979", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W2770323750

Promoting youth employment and empowerment of young women in Jordan:An assessment of active labour market policies

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Drew Gardiner", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5068291580" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Felix Weidenkaff", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5074100144" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Jonas Bausch", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5045021640" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Empowerment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C20555606" }, { "display_name": "Youth unemployment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780438764" }, { "display_name": "Unemployment", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Economic growth", "id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688" }, { "display_name": "Employability", "id": "https://openalex.org/C15302153" }, { "display_name": "Active labour market policies", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775965751" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Economics", "id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2770323750

This report contributes to building consensus around the role of evidence-based active labour market policies (ALMPs) in promoting decent jobs for youth and empowerment of young women in Jordan. It identifies key barriers faced by young people in Jordan in their efforts to enter the labour market. Subsequently, it compares the current landscape of ALMPs for young people with global good practice and those barriers which are specific to Jordan. The report concludes with recommendations for policy-makers and programme implementers, aimed at making ALMPs in Jordan more effective at reducing youth unemployment and mismatches between jobs and skills. The goal is to enable young people to work in higher quality jobs with better working conditions, including increasing access to social protection and opportunities to participate in social dialogue. Comparing the current landscape of ALMPs in Jordan with global evidence and the local challenges facing young people on the labour market yields five main recommendations for policy-makers and practitioners: I. Prioritize investments in decent jobs for young people II. Improve the labour market opportunities of young women, especially those in rural areas III. Design ALMPs with an eye to global good practice and adapt them to local challenges IV. Improve the labour market access of refugees while safeguarding working conditions V. Promote evidence-based programming of ALMPs through a culture of monitoring, evaluation and learning

[]

https://openalex.org/W4388532913

The Role of Administrative Law in Safeguarding the Environment: A Jordanian Perspective Administrative Law and Environmental Protection in Jordan

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Sadam Mohammad Awaisheh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5020151894" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Tariq kamal Alhasan", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5055887106" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "AbedAlhameed Rajeh Kurdi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093230996" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Salah Mohammad Awaisheh", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5093230997" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Administrative law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C58583792" }, { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Environmental law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C128069549" }, { "display_name": "Law", "id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241" }, { "display_name": "Jurisprudence", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71043370" }, { "display_name": "Political science", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445" }, { "display_name": "Statute", "id": "https://openalex.org/C17319257" }, { "display_name": "Corporate governance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867" }, { "display_name": "Public administration", "id": "https://openalex.org/C3116431" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[ "https://openalex.org/W4210665727", "https://openalex.org/W4312690048", "https://openalex.org/W4367397493", "https://openalex.org/W4382408073", "https://openalex.org/W4383225113", "https://openalex.org/W4386033702" ]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388532913

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the role of administrative law, particularly the administrative judiciary, in safeguarding the environment within the Jordanian legal framework. The study aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which the administrative judiciary exercises oversight over administrative and regulatory authorities and to delineate the legal foundations underpinning administrative liability for environmental damages. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical underpinning of this study is anchored in the jurisprudential doctrines of administrative law and environmental governance. The study explores the intricate relationship between administrative jurisprudence and ecological stewardship, particularly in Jordan's unique environmental challenges and legal landscape. It posits that the administrative judiciary serves not merely as a procedural instrument but as a substantive agent of ecological governance. Method: The methodology employed is a rigorous legal analysis, incorporating a review of Jordan's statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions relevant to environmental protection. The study also draws upon secondary sources, including scholarly articles and commentaries, to comprehensively understand the subject matter. Result and Conclusion: The study reveals that the administrative judiciary in Jordan plays a pivotal role in environmental protection. It serves a dual function: as a guardian of environmental integrity and an oversight body for administrative regulatory authorities. The study also highlights the adoption of the doctrine of strict liability in the Jordanian legal system, emphasizing its significance in holding the administration accountable for environmental harm. Research Implications: The findings of this study have far-reaching implications for the development of environmental policy and legal frameworks in Jordan. They underscore the need for a more integrated approach harmonizing administrative law principles with environmental governance objectives. This necessitates reevaluating and recalibrating existing legal mechanisms to ensure they align with sustainable development principles and ecological justice. Originality/Value: The study offers a novel contribution to the existing body of literature on environmental law in Jordan by focusing on the often-overlooked role of the administrative judiciary. It provides a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in environmental governance and offers a theoretical framework that could serve as a foundation for future research in this domain.

[ { "display_name": "Journal of Law and Sustainable Development", "id": "https://openalex.org/S4387283902", "type": "journal" } ]

https://openalex.org/W1533434482

Challenges of the Jordanian museums : the role of environment in preventive conservation

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Raed Alghazawi", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5010342597" } ]

[ { "display_name": "Safeguarding", "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776743756" }, { "display_name": "Work (physics)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648" }, { "display_name": "Excavation", "id": "https://openalex.org/C31858485" }, { "display_name": "Order (exchange)", "id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322" }, { "display_name": "History", "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728" }, { "display_name": "Environmental planning", "id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879" }, { "display_name": "Archaeology", "id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645" }, { "display_name": "Geography", "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164" }, { "display_name": "Business", "id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560" }, { "display_name": "Engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603" }, { "display_name": "Medicine", "id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100" }, { "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656" }, { "display_name": "Nursing", "id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408" }, { "display_name": "Finance", "id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342" } ]

[ "Jordan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1533434482

By the turn of century, increasing interest in archaeology in Jordan had resulted in more excavations and explorations of archaeological sites, and an increase in the number of monuments and antiquities being revealed. In response, it was necessary and urgent to establish museums in which to display such remains, aesthetically and historically and to ensure their protection. This was achieved over a fairly short period of time, and museums have the role of displaying and safeguarding the collection in its custody. However, a preliminary check gave the impression that most museums in Jordan do not have the necessary human and material resources to perform this function satisfactorily. In recent years, museum science experienced a strong advancement, in particular when dealing with issues of indoor environment, and models of requirements have been designed. This thesis aims to describe, analyse and discuss the current situation of a number of selected museums in Jordan, with a focus on aspects of indoor environment. It intends to be an inclusive study that would provide recommendations and suggestions, hopefully enabling official senior level museum staff to address these needs, and work to improve them in order to portray a good image of Jordan and its historical legacy. It has been noticed that, at present, some artefacts are suffering deterioration and damage due to uncontrolled environmental conditions and mishandling by untrained staff; if this situation is not addressed promptly it may well lead to the destruction of these valuable and vulnerable objects. For this reason, a study of the processes of deterioration is required, prior to any recommendations concerning conservation treatments. In fact, excavated archaeological objects can be conserved and stabilized by a combination of instruments, whether these objects are on display or kept in storage. Therefore the indoor museum environment should be controlled and the staff properly trained to deal with objects adequately. These are basic necessities to ensure that museums and staff are able to fulfil the role of a modern museum, i.e. to be a sustainable social and educational resource.

[]

https://openalex.org/W3156450022

Agricultural Socio-Economic Window in One Project Palm Fronds Recycling in Jordan

[ { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Ahmad Yousef Areiqat", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062788072" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Asaad Hameed Al-Ali", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5052877037" }, { "affiliations": [], "display_name": "Hussein Al-Yaseen", "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038712704" } ]

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[ "Jordan" ]

[]

https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3156450022

This research paper contends that date palm fronds are practical for recycling in Bitmus creation (organic horticultural soil) and have a decent potential as an organic fertilizer. Innovative tasks ask makers to reevaluate the utilization of these losses of crude materials, and attempt to safeguard them for organic, rural soil and organic fertilizers' fluid to be utilized for different plants and trees. This could help in safeguarding the climate and lessening the utilization of characteristic assets. The undertaking means to profit by the losses of palm trees in Al Ghor, Jordan, basically date palm fronds which are bountiful (They are by and by singed, causing contamination and damage for ranchers just as the dirt, the climate and the neighborhood network). Such fronds are changed into helpful scrounge for supplement creatures, domesticated animals, and soil fertilizers. The items from this venture will be of a high incentive for ranchers and can be accessible as an option for imported fertilizers at ideal expenses. Likewise the produce will contribute in beating the deficiency of scavenge materials in Jordan.

[ { "display_name": "Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal", "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764651816", "type": "journal" } ]