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https://openalex.org/W2606644282
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On generalizations of certain nonlinear integral inequalities and their applications
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The aim of this paper is to generalize some integral inequalities of Gronwall–Bellman type. We generalize the results presented by Pachpatte in [Inequalities for Differential and Integral Equations (Academic Press, New York, 1998)] and Abdeldaim in [On some generalizations of certain retarded nonlinear integral inequalities with iterated integrals and an application in retarded differential equation, J. Egypt. Math. Sci. Lett. 23 (2015) 470–475] and also establish some new forms.
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https://openalex.org/W2515484991
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<i>The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Egypt</i>. Gouda Abdel-Khalek , Robert Tignor
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Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsThe Political Economy of Income Distribution in Egypt. Gouda Abdel-Khalek , Robert Tignor Paul G. ClarkPaul G. Clark Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 33, Number 4Jul., 1985 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451502 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1985 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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https://openalex.org/W332382136
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Remittances and their Macroeconomic Impact
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This paper examines the macroeconomic trends, drivers and the impact of remittances in Africa. First, it documents the increasing share of remittances relative to other foreign capital flows to Africa, the distribution of remittance inflows across countries, and some key properties. This is followed by an analysis of the macroeconomic drivers of remittances in recipient countries, such as the level of income, inflation and nominal exchange rate depreciation. Specifically, remittances are positively impacted by higher income, but deterred by an unstable macroeconomic environment, pointing to the investment motive in remitting to Africa. The paper also examines the role of remittances in funding Africa’s external balances. Finally, drawing on the case of Egypt, the paper shows the positive impact that rising remittances can have on public debt sustainability.
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https://openalex.org/W2605452505
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Short and Long-Term Impacts of Emigration on Origin Households: The Case of Egypt
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This paper studies the impacts of emigration on income inequality and wealth in Egypt. Using three waves of a longitudinal survey covering the 1998-2012 period, we first study the impact of remittances on incomes in origin households, using a selection-correction model to estimate counterfactual home earnings of emigrants. In this exercise, we find a limited, inequalityincreasing impact of remittances. We then turn to estimating the impact of migration episodes on households’ permanent income in the longer term, using the panel structure of the data. Results show that migrant departures significantly increase standards of living in origin households, suggesting that returns to migration through human capital accumulation, savings and investment outweigh those from remittances only. Benefits from migration appear to be larger and more tilted toward poor households in rural areas.
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https://openalex.org/W3171685905
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Three essays on preferences for redistribution : A dynamic perspective
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3171685905
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This dissertation is a compilation of 3 papers. In this thesis, applying diverse empirical strategies including diff-in-diff, panel analysis and intergenerational correlations, we exploit the evolution and structure of some dimensions of the preferences for redistribution in several contexts and from several angles. We go deeper into the mechanisms behind these evolutions by investigating their main drivers. A particular emphasis is being put on the institutional factors and on the heterogeneous evolution of these preferences.Chapter 1 explores longitudinally the impact of the evolution of inequalities in Germany between 1997 and 2015 on one facet of the preferences for redistribution, namely the level of demand for state intervention in redistribution and financial security.Chapter 2 outlines the important role that the political environment --as an exogenous factor-- can play in the formation of preferences for redistribution. We investigate the effect of the revolution that occurred in January 2011 in Egypt on the demand for redistribution in that country. In adding of that, our study is the first to explore the subject of demand for redistribution within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.Chapter 3 deals with the other side of evolution, i.e. the “persistence” of the distribution of preferences for redistribution. We seek to exploit in this chapter the contribution of the family, and more generally, social institutions in the formation of such preferences.
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[] |
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https://openalex.org/W3162658732
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Food spending and its relationship to average and equitable income distribution
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"display_name": "محمد الصفتى",
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"display_name": "محمود فواز",
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"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "السید عطااللة",
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Egypt and the consumer spending among the categories of consumer spending on the other hand the eaverage ratio of food spending to total income is 35% with amaximum is70. 37% and an average of 11.5%. the average ratio of food spending to sumption spending is30% amaximum of 47% aminimum of 17% and fairness of total income distribution at the individual level for the Republic based on the data 17/18 urban an icrease in the value of Gini coefficient for the fairness of income distribution reached 20.5% compared to 9.8%at the urban level19. 6%at the level of the countryside that is distribution fairness in urban areas higher than in the countryside reaching 91.2% comparing to 81.4% in countryside as for as the fairness of total income distribution for families at the republic level the value of theGini coefficient for the fairness of income distribution reached 18.5% republic level compared to 9.6% at the urban level and11. 5%the rural level regarding the fair distribution of consumer spending at the individual level for the republic the value of theGini coefficient was 23.8% compared to 25.8% at the urban level and 23. 7%at the level of the countryside families at the level of republic the value of theGini coefficient was 21. 6%compared to 23.5%at the urban level 21%in countryside as for the fair distribution of food spending for individuals at the level of the republic the value of theGini coefficient was 30.8% compared to 32.9% at the urban level and 29.6%at the rural level.
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https://openalex.org/W3040838763
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From Urban to Suburban Growth, a Gradual Discourse from Quality to Inequality? The Case of New Aswan
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This paper investigates urban policy in Aswan Governorate within the scope of regional planning and urban economics and focuses on the newly emerging town New Aswan in relation to the old mother city Aswan. The paper aims at deconstructing the current urban policy of urban and suburban growth towards a more comprehensive policy for alleviating urban inequality and reaching a balanced model of urban quality of life. The methods applied in this paper depends on analyzing the strategic plan of Aswan city, investigating the current models of demographic growth and transit mobility, and conducting local interviews in Aswan and New Aswan.
The first two parts of this paper undertake a broad understanding of the urban policy of new towns development in Egypt and provide evidence through different literature on the ever-increasing deviations from their preset planning objectives and their present performance and outcomes. In addition, negative reflexes of new towns on their proximate mother cities are further discussed and investigated to critically highlight planning policy deficits in terms of social inequality and reduced urban resilience. The third part investigates the case study New Aswan and introduces different information on the dual growth model of Aswan-New Aswan. The final part of the paper draws attention to potential strategic decisions towards a more resilient and inclusive model of urban growth.
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https://openalex.org/W3000042251
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Essays in Generational, Labor and Development Economics
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"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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{
"display_name": "Human capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663"
},
{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
},
{
"display_name": "Inheritance (genetic algorithm)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780902518"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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"display_name": "Environmental engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796"
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"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684"
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] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3000042251
|
The first chapter notes a change in the composition of private intergenerational transfers inFrance over time, from more intrahousehold transfers in the 1980s to more inheritance in thenew millennium. Using a three-period overlapping generations model, we show that a risein wealth inequality can influence the composition of these transfer. However, the share ofintrahousehold transfers in human capital accumulation and the extent of the preference tobequeath can influence this inequality. The second chapter looks at the role of the demographic boom on the prevalence of informal employment, with the context of Egypt. We introduce overlapping generations of heterogeneous education levels in a multi-sectoral model. After calibrating and simulating the model, we show that a temporary demographic boom of better educated workers can have long-run effects on non-formality rates, interacting with output and prices. We contrast this actual dynamic adjustment with counterfactuals, emphasizing the importance of demographics and private sector constraints on non-formality rates. The third chapter examines the heterogeneity of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) inMorocco. These enterprises are grouped into three categories: top performers, potentialgazelles and “others.” The paper finds that top performers tend to do relatively well inall areas examined. Potential gazelles, on the other hand, appear to choose their sectorsof economic activity differently and appear to face particular constraints when it comes toaccess to credit and the ability to link to other businesses. Moreover, while formal firmsappear to exhibit significant heterogeneity, informal firms are less heterogeneous, showing asmall upper echelon that can compete with formal firms, while others are not starkly differentform each other.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3098308095
|
African New Towns
|
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"display_name": "Rachel Keeton",
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"display_name": "Urban planning",
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"display_name": "Space (punctuation)",
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3098308095
|
Since the economic shifts of the 1990s, New Towns have become an increasingly popular approach to urban development across the African continent. While New Towns are not a new development model, their contemporary materialisation often targets middle- and highincome buyers, leaving no space for low-income residents. Strict regulations in these exclusive developments often impede spatial appropriations by the informal sector such as fresh markets, unregulated housing, street kiosks and ‘public’ transit options. As a result, this approach may exacerbate spatial segregation and increase the visibility of economic inequality.
This research addresses contemporary African New Towns as a group through the lens of urban design, identifying shared spatial challenges across a dataset of 146 New Towns. Through three case studies (Sheikh Zayed City, Egypt; BuraNEST, Ethiopia, and Kilamba, Angola) it takes a deeper look at the idiosyncrasies of individual New Towns, and the diversity of examples within this group. By bringing together wider trends with the case studies, this study translates challenges into potentials for future New Towns in the form of adaptive planning and design principles. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, transdisciplinary workshops and Research Through Design exercises, the principles are tested, refined, and validated by peer review.
The study concludes that these principles can be an effective starting tool for developers, planners, and decision-makers initiating New Towns in Africa. It also concludes that the principles must be adapted locally according to geographic, political, and social contexts and urgencies.
|
[
{
"display_name": "BK BOOKS",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306504509",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3123386187
|
The Informalization of the Egyptian Economy (1998-2012): A Factor in Growing Wage Inequality?
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Amirah El-Haddad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027547715"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "May Gadallah",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078879705"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Wage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777388388"
},
{
"display_name": "Informal sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C64089585"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Private sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
},
{
"display_name": "Public sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147859227"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
"display_name": "Efficiency wage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6968784"
},
{
"display_name": "Earnings",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781426361"
},
{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
},
{
"display_name": "Economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Accounting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636"
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] |
[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123386187
|
Variations in hourly wage rates explain most of gross earnings inequality among all workers in most countries (OECD 2011). Through running re-centered influence function regressions, we use Firpo et. al’s (2007) distributional approach to identify each control variable’s contribution -on the distributional statistic of choice -to the traditional decomposition of wage changes into structure and composition effects. We address this question for waged men using the Egyptian Labor Market Surveys for 1998, 2006 and 2012. Wage changes between 1998 and 2012 mainly resulted in increased inequality. The richer percentiles have persistently enjoyed disproportionately larger positive changes in real hourly wages, especially between 2006 and 2012. Whilst increasing in all three wage gaps, inequality increased the most between the top and bottom deciles (the 90-10 gap). Informality of the private sector is the largest contributor to increased inequality. The sector does not adhere to a minimum wage. Being unregulated it has responded dramatically to the competitive pressures caused by the departing middle classes of the public sector by suppressing mid and low-end wages resulting in the sharp wage gaps at the tails. Formality has a nuanced effect depending on sector. Wage setting dynamics of the public sector and the direction of labour movements since liberalization cause the sector to contribute much more to wage inequality than does its formal private counterpart. Thus, in a setting where the majority of the labour-force is outside the formal sector, the minimum wage becomes an instrument that increases inequality not one that reduces it. Annual pay freezes are one option. Implementing self-targeted public works programs similar to those of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in India serve to increase the “effective informal minimum wage”, thus curbing wage inequality. This in turn will potentially enable wage progression thereby breaking the informality trap of low skill-low wage inertia.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W4242670336
|
The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "United States",
"display_name": "Connecticut College",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4498119",
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"long": -72.09952,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "David Phillips",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040378209"
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[
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{
"display_name": "Geology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418"
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{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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[
"Egypt"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242670336
|
Ever since settled communities were first established, the history of human life has been one of growing economic inequality. Today, the top fraction of the economic elite controls the vast majority of wealth and enjoys disproportionate power throughout the world. This is the history that Scheidel unfolds in this riveting and compelling work. The unlikely “heroes” of his story are the four forces that counter economic inequality, the “Great Leveler” of the title: mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolution, state failure, and catastrophic plague. To be sure, this is not a light read, and the story Scheidel tells is not a happy one, but his argument provides valuable insight into ancient, premodern, and modern societies. My thinking about war, peace, and the “benefits” of plague has been forever changed.Scheidel has arranged his work topically with large sections devoted to each of the “levelers”—the “Four Horsemen” as Scheidel presents them in a metaphor that is an effective framing device for the work. Within the sections Scheidel moves backward and forward through history and spans the globe from hunter-gatherer societies to Han dynasty China up to the social democratic states of modern Europe. For the contemporary world and for a number of states in the twentieth century, rich data can be drawn upon to tell the story. Scheidel makes use of income shares (especially the share of overall income enjoyed by the top 1 percent in society) and Gini coefficients (a measure of inequality that expresses as a ratio the extent to which the distributions of wealth or income deviate from perfect equality, 0, to perfect inequality, 1). Scheidel draws together staggering amounts of data and synthesizes the results of other studies as he develops his argument. The evidence is clearly presented in charts and tables that are linked to a narrative that is lively, engaging, and free from jargon. For earlier periods, where evidence is more limited or, in some cases, entirely anecdotal, Scheidel carefully constructs a narrative that weaves together what we know. While some will no doubt take issue with specific points, the comprehensive scope of his work and the clear repetition of historical trends offer compelling support for his thesis: the only forces that have successfully intervened to reverse the trend toward ever-greater economic inequality are human catastrophes.His treatment of warfare serves as a model for his approach. Scheidel builds his arguments in the modern era, where data reveal clear trends. The period encompassing World War I and World War II saw mass military mobilization as human and material resources were drawn upon to support the war effort in extraordinary ways. Progressive tax policies were implemented and the expansion of suffrage led to increased democratization. The result was a leveling of inequality in those states that were centrally involved in the conflict. Top income shares declined and Gini coefficients fell, indicating a closing of the gap between rich and poor. The effects of these policies continued to influence the postwar period, until reforms of the second half of the twentieth century began to erode progressive economic policies. Inequality has been on the rise ever since. After establishing his argument in this data-rich period, Scheidel moves back in time to examine preindustrial warfare where the evidence is far less complete. Throughout this section, Scheidel distinguishes between mass-mobilization warfare and more traditional wars of conquest. Scheidel argues that in traditional warfare economic leveling occurred only among the leaders of the losing side. On the whole, such conflicts expanded the wealth of the victors and consolidated resources of an enlarged territory in the hands of a smaller elite. Traditional wars consolidate wealth; only total wars level.For those with a particular interest in the Mediterranean, there is much to learn from this book. Scheidel argues that ancient Athens and Sparta achieved an unusual level of economic equality thanks to the military mobilization of these city-states that were dependent upon citizen forces and almost continuously engaged in warfare. Of course, in these states the equalization applied only to citizens and excluded slaves and helots who made up significant portions of the population. In the world of the Greek polis, mass mobilization warfare served as a leveler. The Roman Empire provides a different example, where we see wars of conquest that enriched military leaders and their associates but provided limited economic benefit for the populace as a whole. As a result, the expansion of Rome in the second and first centuries BCE resulted in greater inequality among the people, and inequality continued to grow in the centuries of the Roman peace that followed. Scheidel argues that in Rome and in other states, both traditional warfare and stable peace fueled economic inequality. It was only when the Roman Empire collapsed that economic leveling began to take place. Economic leveling was also brought about throughout the Mediterranean world by plague. Scheidel explores in detail both the Antonine plague of the second century and the Black Death of the fourteenth century. Catastrophic loss of life among people of all social classes changed the ratio of property (land) to labor, and resulted in the rise of real wages and an overall economic leveling of societies.Scheidel offers a universal history of human economic inequality in this work, but because of the richness and variety of sources available from the Mediterranean region, the Mediterranean receives special attention throughout the volume. Mycenaean Greece, the Ottoman Empire, the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt, Italy in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, and the Spanish Civil War all serve as examples of his larger thesis.Human history has seen long periods of growing or sustained economic inequality within societies. In our modern age, as states continue to debate how (and whether) to address these inequalities, Scheidel's work provides an important historical context for discussions. In the past only great shocks and catastrophic loss of life have proven to be effective remedies for growing class divisions. If we do not find a new “hero” in the struggle to combat inequality, one of the “Four Horsemen” might return to play that role.
|
[
{
"display_name": "[Mediterranean studies]",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210170207",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4362661905
|
Child malnutrition
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohamad A. Khaled",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026875484"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Paul Makdissi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015146653"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Myra Yazbeck",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021603316"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Malnutrition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C551997983"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Wasting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779764123"
},
{
"display_name": "Socioeconomic status",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147077947"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Endocrinology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134018914"
}
] |
[
"Iraq"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362661905
|
Measuring and comparing socioeconomic child malnutrition inequalities is crucial in the monitoring of development policies. This chapter shows the empirical applicability of a dominance approach to analyze three indicators of child malnutrition: stunting, wasting, and obesity. Our results indicate that the shortfall in child nutrition in Iraq has decreased between 2011 and 2018 for three indicators of child malnutrition. This result remains valid for any health (i.e., nutrition) shortfall index. We also investigate whether this decrease in shortfall is accompanied by increasing inequalities. Our results suggest an increase of relative socioeconomic inequality over that period for stunting; however, this increase in relative inequality is not mirrored when we look at absolute inequality. Indeed, there a decrease in absolute stunting socioeconomic inequality. As for wasting and obesity, neither relative nor absolute socioeconomic inequality has changed over the period we are studying.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463223",
"type": "ebook platform"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4229500506
|
REVIEWS
|
[] |
[
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"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Income distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510"
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{
"display_name": "Industrialisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41866144"
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{
"display_name": "Prosperity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776554220"
},
{
"display_name": "Schools of economic thought",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94862452"
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{
"display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322"
},
{
"display_name": "Competition (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91306197"
},
{
"display_name": "Redistribution (election)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74080474"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77173449"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Neoclassical economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C133425853"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
}
] |
[
"Iraq"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4229500506
|
Book reviewed in this article: Econometircs. By J. Tinbergen. Econometrics. By Gerhard Tintner. Welfare Economics and The Theory of the State. By William J. Baumol Grundsätze der Wirschaftspolitik. By Walter Eucken. Welfare and Competition. Principles of Economic Development. Economics‐An Introductory Analysis of the Levelos, Composition and Distribution of Economic Income. Business Fluctuations. The Sterling Area. The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo. Ten Great Economists. Introduction to Economic History 1950‐1950. The Ethics of Redistribution. Essays in Social Theory. Equality. British Working Class Movements: Select Documents 1789–1875. Industrialization and Labor: Social Aspects of Economic Development. The Bias of Communication Typologie der Theorien des Industriestandortes. The New Society. Committee Decisions with Complementary Valuation. Some Conceptual Aspects of International Economic Development of Under‐developed Territories. Economic Prosperity of the United Provinces: A Study in the Provincial Income, its Distribution and Working conditions 1921‐29. Measures for International Economics Stability. International Economics. The Pattern of United States Import Trade Since 1923. Some new Index Series and Their Application. Internationale Regulierungen auf dem Welweizenmarkt. Mobilizing Resources for War. The Source And Nature of the Statistics of the United Kingdom World Economic Report 1950‐51 Effects of Taxation on Depreciation Adjustments for Price Changes. The Economic Development of Iraq. A Geometry of International Trade.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economic Record",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S130179515",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2181121491
|
Education, male gender preference and migrants' remittances: Interactions in rural Morocco
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "France",
"display_name": "Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I144889574",
"lat": 43.31117,
"long": -0.35583,
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"display_name": "Jamal Bouoiyour",
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{
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"display_name": "Amal Miftah",
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],
"display_name": "El Mouhoub Mouhoud",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011890311"
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[
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"display_name": "Receipt",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778979077"
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{
"display_name": "Remittance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780962165"
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{
"display_name": "Human capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663"
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{
"display_name": "Probit model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67257552"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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{
"display_name": "Developing country",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83864248"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Preference",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781249084"
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{
"display_name": "Attendance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778173179"
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{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
"display_name": "Rural area",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129047720"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C45355965"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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[
"Morocco"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2181121491
|
The paper seeks to analyze the relationship between migrants' remittances and educational attendance in rural areas of southern Morocco. We perform a probit model to assess whether children who live in recipient households are more likely to attend school than their counterparts in other types of households. We find that the receipt of remittances has a significant positive effect on school attendance, especially for boys. The findings may be of interest to other developing countries and to the relevant policy makers, as the results suggest that migrants' remittance may serve as a channel for investing in human capital in such recipient countries and that the gains are much greater for boys, contributing to higher gender inequalities in access to education in rural areas.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economic Modelling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S141184754",
"type": "journal"
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{
"display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512",
"type": "repository"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1585603545
|
Schooling, experience and earnings
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/I909854389",
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],
"display_name": "George Psacharopoulos",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058370627"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
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{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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[
"Morocco"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W2055744895"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1585603545
|
This is an application of the strict human capital model in accounting for income inequality in an LDC. Using individual characteristics of 1600 male Moroccan full-time employees, differences in schooling and experience explain about 70 percent of relative earnings dispersion. This result is based on the existence of an 'overtaking year of experience' occuring within the first decade of the working life of the individual. Furthermore, an attempt is made to isolate the rate of return to training from the returns to schooling by analysing the earnings of illiterate manual workers differentiated by the level of their skill. The results regarding the relationship between the returns to schooling versus training, the overtaking point, and the explanatory power of human capital variables are remarkably similar to those obtained in advanced countries.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Development Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S101209419",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2735360896
|
Globalization, employment and income distribution in developing countries
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Eddy Lee",
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{
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"display_name": "Marco Vivarelli",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053474759"
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[
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{
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{
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{
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[
"Morocco"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2735360896
|
List of Figures List of Tables Notes on Contributors Preface Introduction E.Lee & M.Vivarelli Morocco L.Achy & K.Sekkat Ghana E.Aryeetey Vietnam P.T.Ha, P.L.Huong & N.T.K.Dzung Kazakhstan K.Mynbaev, S.Eicher, S.Khakimzhanov & A.Islyami Nepal P.P.Timilsina, M.D.Bhattarai & R.C.Bhattarai Index
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2206770088
|
Protecting Children in the Context of International Migration
|
[
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[
"Morocco"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2206770088
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The information currently available about girls and women who are trafficked worldwide for the purpose of sexual exploitation only shows us one part of the picture. In the Puigvert (2012–2014) TRATA: Life trajectories that move away or bring closer to the trafficking processes of sexual exploitation, through 25 qualitative techniques conducted with social service providers with a communicative orientation, we have identified a group of Moroccan adolescent girls between 12 and 18 years old who are particularly vulnerable to sex trafficking: the petites bonnes or young housemaids. Sexual exploitation, as well as sexual abuse that sometimes leads to pregnancy, can result in the flight or expulsion of these girls from their homes. These results unveil two recruitment elements that are used by trafficking networks: the irregular situation in which girls have arrived in a city and the circumstances of inequality in which they find themselves, including having low education levels and poor work experience. Furthermore, these elements make these girls invisible to the authorities and other professionals who could assist them. Based on these results, we conclude that tackling these challenges requires primary prevention measures that will increase the financial viability of the social groups at risk, establish programs that ensure successful educational trajectories for girls in their places of origin, and raise the awareness of people about this reality in their environments.
|
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https://openalex.org/W4307444800
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A critical analysis of ‘smart cities’ as an urban development strategy in Africa
|
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4307444800
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Smart cities are becoming a popular urban development strategy to address complex and multiple challenges confronting cities globally, including in Africa. Using the 3RC framework, this paper critically analyses smart cities using experiences from Nairobi (Kenya), Johannesburg (South Africa), Lagos (Nigeria), Kigali (Rwanda) and Casablanca (Morocco). Are smart cities a panacea to Africa's quest for sustainable urbanization? Our analyses demonstrate that, if carefully planned and implemented, smart city interventions have the potential to transform the ways African cities are planned, managed, and governed. At the same time, smart city interventions in Africa are being implemented in contexts characterized by socio-economic inequalities, chaotic transport systems and massive governance failures among other challenges. We demonstrate that if ineffectively deployed, smart urban technologies might deepen existing inequalities and amplify spatial exclusion through privatization and marketization of urban space. Therefore, the adoption of smart city ideas in Africa must be rooted in contextual realities and properly calibrated to create urban spaces that are sustainable and inclusive.
|
[
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W2046017532
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A Micro-Decomposition Analysis of Aggregate Human Development Outcomes
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046017532
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We show how differences in aggregate human development outcomes over time and space can be additively decomposed into a pure mean income (growth) component, a component attributed to differences in the distribution of income, and components attributed to ‘non-income’ factors and differences in the model linking outcomes to income and non-income characteristics. The income effect at the micro level is modelled non-parametrically, so as to flexibly reflect potentially complex distributional changes. Our proposed method is illustrated using data for Morocco and Vietnam, and the results offer some surprising insights into the observed aggregate gains in schooling attainments.
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[
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"display_name": "Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S92565720",
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https://openalex.org/W2591331534
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Zakat and Distribution of Wealth on Islamic Economy : Case of Morocco
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2591331534
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This paper presents a theoretical approach and an empirical study that demonstrate how the Islamic economic principle, Zakat, can achieving an ideal distribution of wealth. Indeed, if some researches allowed to develop the theory of distribution of wealth in Capitalism or Marxism context, the present research has a new contextual perspective, which is to introduce and implement the Islamic economic model from where emerges the notion of Zakat that plays an imminent role in decentralizing wealth as well as in resolving socioeconomic issues, such as poverty and economic inequalities among people. This statement will be confirmed throughout this paper and will be illustrated by the fact that Zakat have had a significant impact on balancing the economic wealth within society during the pre-colonial era in Morocco.
|
[
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{
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https://openalex.org/W4316017015
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The economic gains of closing the employment gender gap: Evidence from Morocco
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4316017015
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The present paper sheds new light on the growth implications of gender inequalities in the Moroccan labour market. We confront two different approaches. The first one is based on firm data to estimate gender complementarity in production and uses this information for simulations based on a simple macroeconomic model. The second relies on country panel variation to relate growth to the relative employment of women and, also, suggest simulations for Morocco. Both approaches lead to similar conclusions regarding the potential economic gains from increased female participation in this country. This paper is one of the rare attempts to elicit the growth potential of a reduction in the employment gap in a low-income country.
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https://openalex.org/W4252216881
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DAVID CRAWFORD, Moroccan Households in the World Economy: labor and inequality in a Berber village. Baton Rouge LA: Louisiana State University Press (pb $18.95 – 978 0 80713 372 9). 2008, 232 pp.
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4252216881
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DAVID CRAWFORD, Moroccan Households in the World Economy: labor and inequality in a Berber village. Baton Rouge LA: Louisiana State University Press (pb $18.95 – 978 0 80713 372 9). 2008, 232 pp. - Volume 82 Issue 3
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[
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https://openalex.org/W2586338844
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David Crawford. Moroccan Households in the World Economy: Labor and Inequality in a Berber Village. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008. 232 pages, bibliography, index. Paper US$18.95 ISBN-13 978-0-8071-3372-9.
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2586338844
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David Crawford. Moroccan Households in the World Economy: Labor and Inequality in a Berber Village. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008. 232 pages, bibliography, index. Paper US$18.95 ISBN-13 978-0-8071-3372-9. - Volume 43 Issue 1
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[
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https://openalex.org/W4234759862
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Inequality and Early Modern War
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[
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4234759862
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This chapter contrasts the Sultanate of Morocco's strong performance during the 1859–1860 Spanish–Moroccan War with the Khanate of Kokand's disastrous outing during its 1864–1865 war with Russia. Though similar across 28 covariates, these belligerents were separated by a massive 0.69 difference in military inequality. Kokand's extreme level of inequality, one of the highest recorded in Project Mars, led to mass desertion, lopsided casualties, and the copious use of coercion to force its soldiers to fight. Moroccan forces, despite being outmatched by Spanish weapons, nonetheless managed to turn in a credible performance, exhibiting far greater resilience and tactical skill than Kokand's dispirited soldiers. Since little English-language historiography exists for either war, the chapter draws on Spanish, French, and Russian documents to explore how inequality affects battlefield performance.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W2793414649
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Morocco Inequalities in Health, Nutrition and Population
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2793414649
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This paper focuses on the inequalities in health, nutrition, and population in Morocco. It presents data on disaggregated health status and health services utilization that is organized by asset or wealth quintiles, a form that enables readers to better understand the distribution of these indicators from the poorest sections to the richest sections of society. That is, the profile takes data on population as well as on reproductive and child health and nutrition from tables presented in the Morocco version of Socio - Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population (Gwatkin, Rustein, Johnson, Pande, and Wagstaff, 2000) and presents them in a more easily accessible format designed to call attention to the inequalities that exist among socioeconomic groups. These kinds of disaggregated data have great potential value for the design and implementation of efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health in a manner that can bring about the greatest possible gains for the poor. By focusing attention on the problems suffered by the disadvantaged groups that are of greatest concern, these data can increase the likelihood that MDG initiatives will effectively deal with those problems and reach those groups. The profile also provides evidence of successful interventions that have reached those who are poor. The hope is that this attention will stimulate thought about how best to reach the neediest groups with health services and other programs.
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https://openalex.org/W3122967581
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A micro-decomposition analysis of the macroeconomic determinants of human development
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122967581
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This paper shows how differences in aggregate human development outcomes over time and space can be additively decomposed into a pure economic-growth component, a component attributed to differences in the distribution of income, and components attributed tonon-incomefactors and differences in the model linking outcomes to income or non-income characteristics. The income effect at the micro level is modeled non-parametrically, so as to flexibly reflect distributional changes. The paper illustrates the decomposition using data for Morocco and Vietnam, and the results offer some surprising insights into the observed aggregate gains in schooling attainments. A user friendly STATA program is available to implement the method in other settings.
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https://openalex.org/W1570839174
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A Micro-Decomposition Analysis of the Macroeconomic Determinants of Human Development
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[
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"https://openalex.org/W1587596049",
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"https://openalex.org/W1990974971",
"https://openalex.org/W2020303389",
"https://openalex.org/W2029394297",
"https://openalex.org/W2040797116",
"https://openalex.org/W2083123688",
"https://openalex.org/W2092342280",
"https://openalex.org/W2094421584",
"https://openalex.org/W2121539816",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1570839174
|
This paper shows how differences in aggregate human development outcomes over time and space can be additively decomposed into a pure economic-growth component, a component attributed to differences in the distribution of income, and components attributed to factors and differences in the model linking outcomes to income or non-income characteristics. The income effect at the micro level is modeled non-parametrically, so as to flexibly reflect distributional changes. The paper illustrates the decomposition using data for Morocco and Vietnam, and the results offer some surprising insights into the observed aggregate gains in schooling attainments. A user friendly STATA program is available to implement the method in other settings.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3125558003
|
Education, male gender preference and migrants' remittances: Interactions in rural Morocco
|
[
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"display_name": "Jamal Bouoiyour",
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{
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"display_name": "Amal Miftah",
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{
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"display_name": "El Mouhoub Mouhoud",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011890311"
}
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778979077"
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{
"display_name": "Remittance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780962165"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778173179"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C129047720"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787"
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] |
[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125558003
|
The paper seeks to analyze the relationship between migrants' remittances and educational attendance in rural areas of southern Morocco. We perform a probit model to assess whether children who live in recipient households are more likely to attend school than their counterparts in other types of households. We find that the receipt of remittances has a significant positive effect on school attendance, especially for boys. The findings may be of interest to other developing countries and to the relevant policy makers, as the results suggest that migrants' remittance may serve as a channel for investing in human capital in such recipient countries and that the gains are much greater for boys, contributing to higher gender inequalities in access to education in rural areas.
|
[
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|
https://openalex.org/W4387330337
|
The role of the cooperative model in sustainable development: Case of agricultural cooperatives in the SOUSS MASSA region in Morocco
|
[
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{
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"display_name": "Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University",
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"type": "education"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387330337
|
The question of sustainable development is generally based on the activity of economic actors in implementing the challenges of the sustainable development model. In developing countries in Morocco, and which continues to exist with my new industrialized countries, cooperatives are one of the engines of growth and development, allowing initially reducing the scale of precariousness, inequalities and underdevelopment between regions and cities. At this level, cooperatives have several commitments; in particular, respect for the environment through compliance with standards that serve to assess the latter is capacity to satisfy the needs of its customers, the repair of wealth and the rise in inequalities. . In this work, we seek to ensure that sustainable development is strongly linked to the development of the cooperative model.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Eximia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387288744",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3119340127
|
Regional inequalities in access to bank financing for SME in Morocco
|
[
{
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{
"country": "Morocco",
"display_name": "Hassania School of Public Works",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I75880681",
"lat": 33.548435,
"long": -7.650121,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Maroua Zouigui",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079366595"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780082420"
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[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3119340127
|
The objective of this paper is to assess the strategy made by Morocco in terms of improving the access of SMEs to bank financing, particularly the reduction of regional inequalities. Thus, a model was estimated on a sample comprising 200 SMEs over the period 2005-2014. The financial constraints analyzed are the debt ratio, self-financing and the transparency. The results showed the persistence of disparities between regions in terms of access to bank financing. The SMEs located in the southern and eastern regions present notable constraints in accessing the credit market, unlike those located in the regions of Grand Casablanca, Rabat and the North. This inequality is mainly due to the specificities of the financial situation of the SMEs, as well as to the proximity of banking establishments which are concentrated in the central and northern regions. The consequences for these firms are the agency problems and information asymmetries as well as high additional financing costs.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2042603348
|
Moroccan Households in the World Economy: Labor and Inequality in a Berber Village David Crawford. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2008. 210 pp.
|
[
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[
"Morocco"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042603348
|
American AnthropologistVolume 114, Issue 2 p. 374-374 BOOK REVIEWS Single Reviews Moroccan Households in the World Economy: Labor and Inequality in a Berber Village David Crawford. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2008. 210 pp. JOHN NAPORA, JOHN NAPORA University of South FloridaSearch for more papers by this author JOHN NAPORA, JOHN NAPORA University of South FloridaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 June 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01439_3.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume114, Issue2June 2012Pages 374-374 RelatedInformation
|
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S102499938",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W1927337160
|
Morocco - Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population
|
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"display_name": "Davidson R. Gwatkin",
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{
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"display_name": "Shea Rutstein",
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{
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"display_name": "Kiersten Johnson",
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{
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"display_name": "Eldaw Suliman",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071483412"
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{
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"display_name": "Adam Wagstaff",
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},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Agbessi Amouzou",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000535536"
}
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[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144559511"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C83864248"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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[
"Morocco"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1927337160
|
This report on the Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in Morocco is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The report is organized in four principal parts. Part one constitutes the report's core, and consists of tables presenting quintile-specific data for each hnp indicator covered from the two most recent DHS surveys available at the time of the report's publication. Part two provides supplementary technical information designed to help readers understand the data presented in part one. Part three presents supporting tables that deal with three of the technical matters covered in part two: the size of the sample for each indicator covered; the standard error for each quintile-specific estimate in the total population; and the items used in constructing the wealth index, along with the weight assigned to each. An additional fourth part consists of three annexes, for readers interested in applying the approach used in the report or in learning more about the other reports in this series.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2099681657
|
Extensions of Korpelevich's extragradient method for the variational inequality problem in Euclidean space
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"Israel"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2099681657
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Abstract We present two extensions of Korpelevich's extragradient method for solving the variational inequality problem (VIP) in Euclidean space. In the first extension, we replace the second orthogonal projection onto the feasible set of the VIP in Korpelevich's extragradient method with a specific subgradient projection. The second extension allows projections onto the members of an infinite sequence of subsets which epi-converges to the feasible set of the VIP. We show that in both extensions the convergence of the method is preserved and present directions for further research. Keywords: epi-convergenceextragradient methodLipschitz mappingsubgradientvariational inequality Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant number 200912, and by Award Number R01HL070472 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The third author was partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 647/07), by the Fund for the Promotion of Research at the Technion and by the Technion President's Research Fund.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S158016561",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2147364525
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The Irony of Harmony
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"display_name": "Yale University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I32971472",
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"display_name": "Tamar Saguy",
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{
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"display_name": "Cardiff University",
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"display_name": "Nicole Tausch",
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"display_name": "John F. Dovidio",
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"display_name": "Felicia Pratto",
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147364525
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Positive intergroup contact has been a guiding framework for research on reducing intergroup tension and for interventions aimed at that goal. We propose that beyond improving attitudes toward the out-group, positive contact affects disadvantaged-group members' perceptions of intergroup inequality in ways that can undermine their support for social change toward equality. In Study 1, participants were assigned to either high- or low-power experimental groups and then brought together to discuss either commonalities between the groups or intergroup differences. Commonality-focused contact, relative to difference-focused contact, produced heightened expectations for fair (i.e., egalitarian) out-group behavior among members of disadvantaged groups. These expectations, however, proved unrealistic when compared against the actions of members of the advantaged groups. Participants in Study 2 were Israeli Arabs (a disadvantaged minority) who reported the amount of positive contact they experienced with Jews. More positive intergroup contact was associated with increased perceptions of Jews as fair, which in turn predicted decreased support for social change. Implications for social change are considered.
|
[
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"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W1996036110
|
Inter–Group Helping Relations as Power Relations: Maintaining or Challenging Social Dominance Between Groups Through Helping
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996036110
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The article presents a model which proposes that groups may establish or challenge dominance through helping. It begins by noting the centrality of inequality in helping and inter–group relations. The implications of this to affirmative action programs are noted. Following this, a model of inter–group helping relations is proposed. It suggests that when the high status group provides to the low status group dependency oriented help, it may do so in order to establish dominance. The willing receptivity of the low status group may indicate its acceptance of the inequality, and lack of receptivity for such help may be motivated by the desire to achieve social equality. Empirical findings that are relevant to this analysis are presented in studies using Israeli students as research participants.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Social Issues",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S168863142",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2082390865
|
Gender, ethnic, and national earnings gaps in Israel: The role of rising inequality
|
[
{
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"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Tel Aviv University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I16391192",
"lat": 32.113388,
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"display_name": "Yitchak Haberfeld",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/I16391192",
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"long": 34.802155,
"type": "education"
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"display_name": "Yinon Cohen",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781426361"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779297142"
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"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C137403100"
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{
"display_name": "Convergence (economics)",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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[
"Israel"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082390865
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The Israeli society is ethnically diverse and it is an ideal case for studying the role of rising inequality on the widening earnings gaps between dominant and subordinate groups. Earnings differences between Ashkenazi men—the dominant group in Israeli society—and the other major ethnic/gender groups in the Israeli labor market and society (Mizrahi men, Arab men, Ashkenazi women, and Mizrahi women) have not narrowed since the early 1970s, despite a gradual convergence in the educational attainment and other productivity-related characteristics of the five groups. In an attempt to solve this puzzle we focus on changes in the earnings structure (i.e., changes in returns to earnings determinants) of the Israeli labor market during the period 1975–2001. To this end, we identify and estimate the effects of changes in the earnings structure on the development of earnings gaps between Ashkenazi men and the other four groups over time. We hypothesize that differences in returns to human capital grew faster than the rate at which between-group mean levels of human capital converged. The analyses are based on 1975, 1982, 1992, and 2001 Income Surveys conducted by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. The results suggest that rising returns to productivity-related variables is indeed the main explanation for the widening earnings gaps between the major demographic groups in the Israeli labor market. Discrimination plays only a minor role, mainly in the case of Arab worker.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S59311786",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2079503007
|
Decentralization of Collective Agreements and Rising Wage Inequality in Israel
|
[
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"display_name": "Tali Kristal",
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"display_name": "Yinon Cohen",
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[
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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[
"Israel"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079503007
|
This paper presents a systematic analysis of the decentralization of the Israeli system of collective bargaining and its contribution to the rise in earnings inequality. We quantitatively analyze all collective agreements that were signed between 1957 and 2003, and present the scale, scope, and timing of five dimensions of decentralization. The findings suggest that decentralization started in the mid‐1970s when national agreements were less likely to be extended to nonunion employees; it was intensified in 1975–1980 when nationwide industrial agreements were supplanted by occupational and local agreements. Decentralization became fully consolidated by 1987 when peak‐level agreements covering the entire private sector were no longer signed. We then present evidence (including time‐series analyses that control for union density and macroeconomic indicators) that the process of decentralization, especially the decline in the use of extension orders and the proliferation of local agreements, explains a significant part of the sharp rise in earnings inequality in Israel during 1970–2003.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial Relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S174105208",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2104364032
|
Intergroup contact can undermine disadvantaged group members' attributions to discrimination
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Reichman University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I138898306",
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"display_name": "Tamar Saguy",
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"display_name": "Lily Chernyak‐Hai",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087141115"
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{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
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{
"display_name": "Attribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143299363"
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{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C141589671"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993353187"
},
{
"display_name": "Perception",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
"display_name": "Prejudice (legal term)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107062074"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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In the current research we investigated social settings through which attributions to discrimination are undermined. Drawing on work linking intergroup contact to perceptions of inequality, we tested the prediction that experiences of commonality-focused contact would reduce disadvantaged group members' tendency to attribute negative treatment of fellow group members to discrimination. In Study 1 students were randomly assigned to either a commonality-focused, differences-focused, or no-contact condition, ostensibly with a student from a higher status university. Commonality-focused interactions led participants to view the status hierarchy as more legitimate, and consequently, to be less likely to attribute negative treatment to discrimination. In Study 2 this effect was replicated among Ethiopian-Jews (a disadvantaged minority in Israel) who reported the amount of commonality-focused contact they experience with non-Ethiopian Jews. Theoretical and practical implications regarding intergroup contact and perceptions of inequality are discussed.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W1976626143
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The Incentives of Street-Level Bureaucrats and Inequality in Tax Assessments
|
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How do the incentives offered to street-level bureaucrats influence the value of equality in society? To investigate this question, we consider as a case study the incentives offered to tax officials in Israel that encourage them to intimidate ordinary citizens during tax audits and use uncertainty and asymmetry of information for their own benefit. We demonstrate that such practices lead to social injustice and an increase in gaps between income groups. We then offer suggestions at the individual and organizational level for ameliorating these problems.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1992411019
|
Inequality among the Kibbutzim
|
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Using a new longitudinal data-set, we examine the distribution of well-being, and changes in the distribution of well-being, among the Israeli kibbutzim in 1989 and 1990. We examine the theoretical and practical implications of a variety of definitions of consumption, income and wealth of each kibbutz. Although in many cases the mean value of the relevant income or wealth concept is negative, we show that inequality change is ambiguous and welfare is decreasing. Moreover, those kibbutzim with the lowest net worth experienced the greatest deterioration of their net worth. recipients. Although it is quite common to find income distribution studies that deal with the problem of comparing the income and wealth of economic units containing several individuals, such as families and households, we focus here upon the economic status of a much larger economic unit-the Israeli kibbutz. This topic is of special interest to income distribution analysts since, from its inception, the kibbutz movement has been associated with an explicitly egalit- arian ethic and it presents particularly interesting problems from the point of view of interpretation in terms of applied welfare economics. A further reason for special interest in inequality among the kibbutzim is to be found in the considerable economic and social changes that they have recently undergone. Although the kibbutzim used to be considered one of the economic successes of Israel, it is no longer clear that this is so, and it is possible that the changed economic and social circumstances have impacted unfavourably on the distribu- tion of income among the kibbutzim. We present a preliminary view of the distribution of economic status among the kibbutzim in the years 1989 and 1990 using a unique, consistent data source that enables us to estimate measures of consumption, income and wealth for each kibbutz.' We show that, although the picture of inequality change is ambiguous over 1989-90 (the Gini coefficient rose for consumption and fell for income; inequality of wealth fell), there is a consistent picture of deteriorating economic status according to standard economic welfare criteria that take into account distributional issues (the generalized Lorenz curve). We are able to offer some insight as to whether 'success breeds success' within the kibbutz movement. The data-set that has permitted this analysis is an immediate by- product of the recent economic and social changes experienced by the kib- butzim, and it is important to understand the nature of these changes. The economic factors behind the recent crisis are primarily associated with accumulated debt. The implicit trust placed in the kibbutz movements2 by
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W2186254650
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But it's my right! Framing effects on support for empowering policies
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Rights framing – presenting intergroup inequality as violating a minority group's basic rights – challenges the status quo of intergroup relations because it implies that the solution lies in a fundamental structural change. We suggest that majority-group members may show a backlash response to this challenge. Three studies revealed that Israeli Jews' support for policies that empower Israeli Arabs was lower when exposed to rights framing, compared to distress framing, i.e., presenting inequality as causing distress to the minority group (Studies 1–2), or a no-framing, control condition (Studies 2–3). This effect was mediated by increased zero-sum perceptions (Study 2). When rights framing was combined with a manipulation highlighting intergroup positive interdependence (thus countering zero-sum perceptions), its negative effect disappeared (Study 3). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W2001939641
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Promises in the Promised Land: Mobility and Inequality in Israel.
|
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"display_name": "Vered Kraus",
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"display_name": "J. Matras",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001939641
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Preface Mobility Research and Bases of Stratification The Israeli Setting Cohort Succession and the Process of Stratifcation: Basic Models and Parameters Ethnicity in the Process of Attainment Ethnicity and Upbringing: Some Nonadditive Outcomes Economic Opportunity among Ethnic Groups Culture and Religion in thr Process of Status Attainment Ethnicity, Gender, and Status Attainment among Working Women Conclusion: Religious and Ethnic Diversity in the Stratification System Appendices Bibliography Index
|
[
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"display_name": "Contemporary Sociology",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2135278952
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Brownian motion and harnack inequality for Schrödinger operators
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Communications on Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 35, Issue 2 p. 209-273 Article Brownian motion and harnack inequality for Schrödinger operators M. Aizenman, M. Aizenman Princeton UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorB. Simon, B. Simon California Institute of TechnologySearch for more papers by this author M. Aizenman, M. Aizenman Princeton UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorB. Simon, B. Simon California Institute of TechnologySearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1982 https://doi.org/10.1002/cpa.3160350206Citations: 339AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Bibliography 1 Ahlrichs, R., Hoffman-Ostenhof, M., Hoffman-Ostenhof, T., and Morgan, J., Bounds on the Decay of Electron Densities with Screening, Phys. Rev. 23A, 1981, pp. 2106– 2117. 2 Baetman, M. B., and Chadan, K., Scattering theory with highly singular oscillating potentials, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, A24, 1976, pp. 1– 16. 3 Berthier, A., and Gaveau, B., Critère de convergence des fonctionelles de Kac et applications en mechanique et en géométrie, J. Functional Anal. 29, 1978, pp. 416– 424. 4 Brascamp, H., Lieb, E. H., and Luttinger, J. M., A general rearrangement inequality for multiple integrals, J. Functional Anal. 17, 1974, pp. 227– 237. 5 Carmona, R., Regularity properties of Schrödinger and Dirichlet semigroups, J. Functional Anal. 33, 1979, pp. 259– 296. 6 Chung, K. L., On stopped Feynman—Kac functional, Sem. de Prob. XIV, 1978-79, Lect. Notes in Math. No. 784, Springer-Verlag, New York, Heildelberg, Berlin, 1980. 7 Chung, K. L., and Rao, K. M., Sur la théorie du potentiel avec la fonctionelle de Feynman—Kac, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 290A, 1980, pp. 629– 631. 8 Combescure, M., and Ginibre, J., Spectral and scattering theory for the Schrödinger operator with strongly oscillating potentials, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, A24, 1976, pp. 17– 29. 9 Deift, P., Hunziker, W., Simon, B., and Vock, E., Pointwise bounds on eigenfunctions and wave packets in N-body quantum systems, IV, Comm. Math. Phys. 64, 1978, pp. 1– 34. 10 Dollard, J., and Friedman, C., On strong product integration, J. Func. Anal. 28, 1978, pp. 309– 354. 11 Doob, J. L., Conditional Brownian motion and the boundary limits of harmonic functions, Bull. Soc. Math. France, 85, 1957, p. 431. 12 Herbst, I., and Sloan, A., Perturbation of translation invariant positivity preserving semigroups in L2 (R), Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 236, 1978, pp. 325– 360. 13 Hoffman-Ostenhof, M., and Hoffman-Ostenhof, T., private communication. 14 Hoffman-Ostenhof, M., Hoffman-Ostenhof, T., and Simon, B., On the nodal structure of atomic eigenfunctions, J. Phys. A13, 1980, pp. 1131– 1133. 15 Hoffman-Ostenhof, M., Hoffman-Ostenhof, T., and Simon, B., Brownian motion and a consequence of Harnack's inequality, nodes of quantum wave functions, Proc. A.M.S. 80, 1980, pp. 301– 305. 16 Kato, T., Schrödinger, operators with singular potentials, Israel J. Math. 13, 1973, pp. 135– 148. 17 Khas'miniskii, R. Z., On positive solutions of the equation Uu + Vu = 0, Theoret. Probability Appl. 4, 1959, pp. 309– 318. 18 Kovalenko, V. F., and Semenov, Yu., Some problems on expansion in generalized eigenfunctions of the Schrödinger operator with strongly singular potentials, Russian Math. Surveys, 33, 1978, pp. 119– 157. 19 Kunita, H., and Watanabe, T., Notes on transformations of Markov processes connected with multiplicative functionals, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyusha Univ. Ser. A. Math. 17, 1963, pp. 181– 191. 20 Moser, J., On Harnack's theorem for elliptic differential equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 14, 1961, pp. 577– 591. 21 Ngarawa, M., Time reversal of Markov processes, Nagoya Math. J. 24, 1964, pp. 177– 205. 22 Port, S. C., and Stone, C. J., Brownian Motion and Classical Potential Theory, Academic Press, New York, 1978. 23 Portenko, N. I., Diffusion processes with unbounded drift coefficient, Theoret. Probability Appl. 20, 1976, pp. 27– 37. 24 Reed, M., and Simon, B., Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics, III. Scattering Theory, Academic Press, New York, 1979. 25 Reed, M., and Simon, B., Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics, IV. Analysis of Operators, Academic Press, New York, 1978. 26 Schechter, M., Spectra of Partial Differential Operators, North Holland, New York, 1971. 27 Schechter, M., Hamiltonian for singular potentials, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 22, 1972, pp. 483– 603. 28 Schechter, M., Spectral and scattering theory for elliptic operators of arbitrary order, Comment. Math. Helv. 49, 1974, pp. 84– 113. 29 Schechter, M., Scattering theory for the Schrödinger equation with potentials not of short range, Vekua Jubilee Volume, 1977. 30 Simon, B., Pointwise bounds on eigenfunctions and wave packets in N-body quantum systems, I, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 42, 1974, pp. 395– 401. 31 Simon, B., Functional Integration and Quantum Physics, Academic Press, New York, 1979. 32 Simon, B., Brownian motion, Lp properties of Schrödinger operators and the localization of binding, J. Functional Anal. 35, 1980, pp. 215– 229. 33 Simon, B., Large time behavior of the Lp norm of Schrödinger semigroups, J. Functional Anal., 40, 1981, pp. 66– 83. 34 Stampacchia, G., Le probleme de Dirichlet par les equations elliptiques du second ordre à coefficients discontinue, Ann. Inst. Four. 15, 1965, pp. 189– 258. 35 Stummel, F., Singuläre elliptische Differentialoperatoren in Hilbertschen Räumen, Math. Ann. 132, 1956, pp. 150– 176. 36 Trudinger, N., Linear elliptic operators with measurable coefficients, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa 27, 1973, pp. 265– 308. 37 Wendel, J. G., Hitting spheres with Brownian motion, Ann. Probability 8, 1980, pp. 164– 169. 38 Wintner, A., On a theorem of Bochner in the theory of ordinary linear differential equations, Amer. J. Math. 76, 1954, pp. 183– 190. 39 Wintner, A., Addenda to [38], Amer. J. Math. 78, 1956, pp. 893– 897. 40 R. Jensen, Uniqueness of solutions to −Δu − qu = 0, Commun. Partial Differential Equations 3, 1978, pp. 1053– 1076. 41 A. Devinatz, Schrödinger operators with singular potentials, J. Op. Th. 4, 1980, pp. 25– 35. 42 Chung, K. L., and Varaakan, S. R. S., Kac function and Schrödinger's equation, Studia Math. 68, 1980, pp. 249– 260. Citing Literature Volume35, Issue2March 1982Pages 209-273 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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https://openalex.org/W2009617844
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The Costs of Equal Land Distribution: The Case of the Israeli Moshavim
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"Israel"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009617844
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Abstract Equal land distribution achieved by government policy may adversely affect aggregate output. Israeli moshavim (cooperative villages) operate under an equal land allocation rule. This study assesses the production and distributional consequences of three alternative hypothetical allocation rules: a free market allocation, a value‐maximizing policy of distributing land to current farmers, and a policy that maximizes value‐added without discrimination based on nativity or ethnicity. Production and supply functions are estimated using sample data on Israeli family farms. Then the four allocation rules are simulated. The output loss from distributing land equally is found to be modest compared to the income inequality generated by the other rules.
|
[
{
"display_name": "American Journal of Agricultural Economics",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2007529421
|
Ethnic Income Disparities in Israel
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"display_name": "Technion – Israel Institute of Technology",
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"display_name": "Archaeology",
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2007529421
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This article analyses income inequality in Israel and the role of ethnicity in creating or explaining it. It shows that in spite of relatively large ‘raw’ disparities in mean incomes across the ethnic groups, when controlling for other non-ethnic factors it is not generally the case that Arabs underperform in the Israeli labour markets compared with Jews, and in some cases Arabs outperform Jews, especially for men. Returns on education also do not appear to be lower for Arabs, other things being equal. In spite of the stereotypes, Ashkenazim generally do not outperform Mizrahim, or at most do so to a very small degree. The main ‘advantaged’ ethnic group are the native-born sabra Israelis. The main ‘disadvantaged’ demographic group are recent immigrants. Somewhat surprisingly, Ethiopians do not underperform compared with other immigrants, other things being equal.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Israel Affairs",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S106532728",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2125018142
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The Effect of Anticipated and Unanticipated Inflation on Income Distribution: The Israeli Case
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"display_name": "Jacques Silber",
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{
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"display_name": "B.Z. Zilderfarb",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059382430"
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{
"display_name": "Inflation (cosmology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200941418"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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{
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{
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2125018142
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This paper examines the distributional effects of inflation and unemployment in Israel. Unlike previous studies, it distinguishes between the effect of expected and unexpected inflation, arguing that the latter should have a stronger effect. The empirical results show that a deterioration in macroeconomic conditions (a rise in inflation and/or unemployment) reduces the income share of the lower half of Israeli households and increases the income share of the wealthiest 20 per cent. The effect of unanticipated inflation is found, indeed, to be 67 per cent stronger than that of expected inflation.
|
[
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"display_name": "Journal of Income Distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S44544138",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2799606668
|
Pension Privatization in Israel
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2799606668
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More than twenty years have passed since the World Bank published its influential report ‘Averting the Old Age Crisis’ recommending countries to adopt a privatized pillar in their pension systems. The case study of Israel, which adopted the recommendations, enables an evaluation of a pension privatization which followed these recommendations. The case study of Israel shows that privatization leads to inequality: inequality of benefits, inequality of services, and inequality of pension coverage. The chapter suggests that appropriate regulation, as well as an inclusive process of pension reform (including consultations with unions, employers and NGOs), may alleviate the system’s problems.
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https://openalex.org/W2333876091
|
International Differences in the Distribution of Income
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Irving B. Kravis",
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[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322"
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{
"display_name": "Income distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2333876091
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N this paper the distribution of before-tax income among consumer units in ten other countries is compared with that of the United States, and an attempt is made to explain the differences that are observed. The comparisons are made by selecting, from the relative wealth of American data, distributions that match those for other countries as closely as possible with respect to the strata of society covered, the concept of the incomereceiving unit, the definition of income, and general technique (e.g., whether tax returns or sample surveys or both were the basic source of information). The results are presented in a highly summarized form in Table i. The measures of inequality, the source materials, the way in which different bodies of data were matched, and the biases affecting particular comparisons are discussed in detail elsewhere.' Although we shall summarize some of the general sources of bias affecting the comparisons, our main attention in this paper will be devoted to the explanation of international differences in equality. While the comparisons in Table I still contain unknown margins of error, it seems likely that Denmark, Israel (Jewish population only), and the Netherlands have less inequality than the United States (with more certainty about Denmark than the others); Great Britain, Japan, and Canada about the same degree of inequality (with the first probably having a little less and the last a little more inequality than the United States); and Italy, Puerto Rico, Ceylon, and El Salvador more inequality than the United States (in most probable order of increasing inequality). The position of the last four countries tends to confirm the results of earlier comparisons indicating greater inequality in underdeveloped countries than in developed ones.2 Indeed, the remaining biases in the comparisons probably work in the direction of understating the relative equality in the distribution of income in the United States vis-a-vis the other countries, and, more generally, in the developed vis-a-vis the underdeveloped countries. Among the factors that tend to bias the comparisons so as to underestimate the extent to which the underdeveloped countries have less equality are (i) the frequent inclusion of non-money incomes in the data of developed countries and their exclusion in many distributions of the undeveloped countries, (2) the possibility that the lengthening of the accounting period beyond one year might reduce inequality more in the developed than in the underdeveloped countries, (3) the effect of old age pensions prevalent in the rich but not in the poor countries -in splitting off older individuals from units containing economically active persons and thus increasing the relative number of lowincome units in the rich countries, and (4) the likelihood that high incomes tend to escape measurement to a greater degree in underdeveloped countries which tend to have less efficient tax administration. The major factors working in the opposite direction are (i) the omission of incomes accruing mainly to high income units in the form of capital gains, expense accounts, and other tax-free forms, and (2) the existence of international differences in price structure of such a character that interclass differences in prices reduce the observed inequality in the distribution of money incomes more in poor than in rich countries. Considering the varied aspects of inequality measured by our five indexes, the results ' See Chapter VII of the author's Structure of Income, a forthcoming volume in the monograph series of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School Study of Consumer Expenditures, Incomes and Savings. The Study has been supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation. The author wishes to acknowledge helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper made by R. A. Easterlin, I. Friend, L. R. Klein, and S. Kuznets. Mr. Manoranjin Dutta did the statistical work. 2T. Morgan, Distribution of Income in Ceylon, Puerto Rico, the United States and the United Kingdom, Economic Journal, LXIII (December I953), 82I-34; and S. Kuznets, Regional Economic Trends and Levels of Living, F. M. Hauser, ed., Population and World Politics (Glencoe, Ill., I958), 79-II7.
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https://openalex.org/W3106354640
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Sharp Reversed Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev Inequality on the Half Space $\mathbf{R}_+^n$
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3106354640
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Journal Article Sharp Reversed Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev Inequality on the Half Space |$\mathbf{R}_+^n$| Get access Quốc Anh Ngô, Quốc Anh Ngô 1Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Viêt Nam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, *Correspondence to be sent to: e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Van Hoang Nguyen Van Hoang Nguyen 2School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and3Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cédex 09, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Mathematics Research Notices, Volume 2017, Issue 20, October 2017, Pages 6187–6230, https://doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnw108 Published: 19 September 2016 Article history Received: 31 October 2015 Revision received: 08 April 2016 Accepted: 19 April 2016 Published: 19 September 2016
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"display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194",
"type": "repository"
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https://openalex.org/W2964141019
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The sharp constant for the Burkholder–Davis–Gundy inequality and non-smooth pasting
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199343813"
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964141019
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We revisit the celebrated family of BDG-inequalities introduced by Burkholder, Gundy (Acta Math. 124 (1970) 249–304) and Davis (Israel J. Math. 8 (1970) 187–190) for continuous martingales. For the inequalities $\mathbb{E}[\tau^{\frac{p}{2}}]\leq C_{p}\mathbb{E}[(B^{*}(\tau))^{p}]$ with $0<p<2$ we propose a connection of the optimal constant $C_{p}$ with an ordinary integro-differential equation which gives rise to a numerical method of finding this constant. Based on numerical evidence, we are able to calculate, for $p=1$, the explicit value of the optimal constant $C_{1}$, namely $C_{1}=1.27267\ldots$ . In the course of our analysis, we find a remarkable appearance of “non-smooth pasting” for a solution of a related ordinary integro-differential equation.
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S172538041",
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{
"display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194",
"type": "repository"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2153997470
|
DISCRETENESS CRITERIA FOR MÖBIUS GROUPS ACTING ON II
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[
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"display_name": "Hengyang Normal University",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2153997470
|
Abstract Jørgensen’s famous inequality gives a necessary condition for a subgroup of PSL(2,ℂ) to be discrete. It is also true that if Jørgensen’s inequality holds for every nonelementary two-generator subgroup, the group is discrete. The sufficient condition has been generalized to many settings. In this paper, we continue the work of Wang, Li and Cao (‘Discreteness criteria for Möbius groups acting on $\overline {\mathbb {R}}^n$ ’, Israel J. Math. 150 (2005), 357–368) and find three more (infinite) discreteness criteria for groups acting on $\overline {\mathbb {R}}^n$ ; we also correct a linguistic ambiguity of their Theorem 3.3 where one of the necessary conditions might be vacuously fulfilled. The results of this paper are obtained by using known results regarding two-generator subgroups and a careful analysis of the relation among the fixed point sets of various elements of the group.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3125983530
|
When is "Too Much" Inequality Not Enough? The Selection of Israeli Emigrants
|
[
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"display_name": "Eric D. Gould",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Omer Moav",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002102282"
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[
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"display_name": "Unobservable",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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{
"display_name": "Immigration",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70036468"
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{
"display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C81917197"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268"
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{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
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{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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{
"display_name": "Microeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
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{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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[
"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125983530
|
This paper examines the effect of inequality on the incentives to emigrate according to a person’s observable and unobservable skills. Borjas (1987) shows that higher skilled individuals are more likely to emigrate than lower skilled individuals when the returns to skill are higher in a potential foreign destination. Building on this framework, we develop a model which shows that this prediction holds for observable like education which are in the sense of being easily transferable to another country. However, we show that the relationship between unobservable and the probability of emigrating is an inverse U-shape - since unobservable are a mixture of skills and skills which are not easily transferable. We examine the predictions of our model with a unique data set containing information on who emigrates from Israel between 1995 and 2004, combined with a full set of demographic and labor market variables for both movers and stayers in 1995. By exploiting differences between Israel and the United States in the returns to observable (education) and unobservable across different sectors (industries and occupations), we find strong evidence that a lower return to unobservable in Israel versus the US entices higher ability Israelis to leave the country. Also, we find that virtually the entire positive relationship between education and the rate of emigration would be eliminated if the returns to education were increased in Israel to US levels within each industry. Overall, the results strongly support our model and the importance of differentiating between general and country-specific in the analysis of immigrant selection.
|
[
{
"display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271",
"type": "repository"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2765381714
|
Pension Privatisation: Benefits and Costs
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Tel Aviv University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I16391192",
"lat": 32.113388,
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"display_name": "Lilach Lurie",
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[
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"display_name": "Corporate governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
"display_name": "Private pension",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776825616"
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"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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{
"display_name": "Risk management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C32896092"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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[
"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2765381714
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Abstract During the last 10 years, many OECD countries introduced reforms which included automatic enrolment or mandatory participation in privately managed pension schemes. The current article aims to reveal the benefits and costs of privately managed pension schemes. The article uses a study of pension schemes’ bylaws in Israel to study the degree to which the shift to privately operated DC schemes results in the transfer of risk from capital to labour and in the entrenchment of gender and income inequalities. The article shows that the shift of pension provision from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) entails a significant shift of risk from capital to labour. Moreover, separately from the DB to DC shift, moving from public management to private management increases employees’ pension risks. Lastly, the paper shows that the combination of the shifts from DB to DC and from public to private management involves a shift in governance, which exposes pension scheme members to a high likelihood of lower returns as well as to gender and income inequalities.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial Law Journal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S75019429",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W20088530
|
Research Based Instruction: Widening Students' Perspective When Dealing with Inequalities
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Luciana Bazzini",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026880252"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Pessia Tsamir",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004812623"
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[
{
"display_name": "Perspective (graphical)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12713177"
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{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145420912"
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{
"display_name": "Point (geometry)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C28719098"
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{
"display_name": "Algebraic number",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C9376300"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Calculus (dental)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777686260"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302"
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{
"display_name": "Geometry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010"
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{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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{
"display_name": "Dentistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199343813"
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[
"Israel"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W9520525",
"https://openalex.org/W118544870",
"https://openalex.org/W148914026",
"https://openalex.org/W1497393373",
"https://openalex.org/W1520670315",
"https://openalex.org/W2050732901",
"https://openalex.org/W2067372987",
"https://openalex.org/W2151594253",
"https://openalex.org/W2338850080",
"https://openalex.org/W2907348252"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W20088530
|
A joint research study involving Israeli and Italian students is described here. This paper aims to suggest a possible research based approach to encourage introducing algebraic situations from a general and global point of view. Inequalities were chosen as one possible illustration. The students' ways of reacting to standard and non-standard tasks that underlie a similar mathematical idea are investigated, in view of drawing implications for teaching.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2071007519
|
Regional Inequality and Economic Growth in Brazil
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Werner Baer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009334215"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Latin Americans",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158886217"
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{
"display_name": "Download",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780154274"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
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Previous articleNext article Regional Inequality and Economic Growth in BrazilWerner BaerWerner Baer Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 12, Number 3Apr., 1964 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/450061 Views: 40Total views on this site Citations: 19Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1964 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Guilherme Fowler A. Monteiro, Adriana Bruscato Bortoluzzo, Pedro Lipkin P. Rosa Is there heterogeneity among persistent high‐growth firms?, Growth and Change 52, no.44 (Aug 2021): 2272–2292.https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12550Thomas H. Kang, Luís Henrique Z. Paese, Nilson F. A. Felix LATE AND UNEQUAL: MEASURING ENROLMENTS AND RETENTION IN BRAZILIAN EDUCATION, 1933-2010, Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 39, no.22 (Apr 2021): 191–218.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610921000112Christopher David Absell The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40 †, The Economic History Review 73, no.44 (Jul 2020): 964–990.https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12966Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira THE NORTH–SOUTH DIVIDE: REAL WAGES AND WELFARE IN BRAZIL DURING THE EARLY 20 TH CENTURY, Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 38, no.11 (May 2019): 185–214.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0212610919000132Ferenc Gyuris Spatial Disparity Research After the Initial Decades of Cold War: End of the “Golden Age”, (Aug 2013): 191–230.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01508-8_7Gabriel Lipshitz Divergence versus Convergence in Regional Development, Journal of Planning Literature 7, no.22 (Aug 2016): 123–138.https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229200700201Joseph L. Love Modeling internal colonialism: History and prospect, World Development 17, no.66 (Jun 1989): 905–922.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(89)90011-9Orley M. Amos Unbalanced regional growth and regional income inequality in the latter stages of development, Regional Science and Urban Economics 18, no.44 (Nov 1988): 549–566.https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(88)90026-9 Douglas H. Graham , Howard Gauthier , and José Roberto Mendonça de Barros Thirty Years of Agricultural Growth in Brazil: Crop Performance, Regional Profile, and Recent Policy Review, Economic Development and Cultural Change 36, no.11 (Oct 2015): 1–34.https://doi.org/10.1086/451634Gabriel Lipshitz Socio-economic variables as alternatives to income in measuring regional economic Welfare?The Israeli case, Social Indicators Research 19, no.33 (Aug 1987): 335–356.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00300366Gabriel Lipshitz Divergence or Convergence in Regional Inequality - Consumption Variables Versus Policy Variables: The Israeli Case, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 68, no.11 (Aug 2017): 13–20.https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.1986.11879524Emilio F. Moran Ecological, Anthropological, and Agronomic Research in the Amazon Basin, Latin American Research Review 17, no.11 (Oct 2022): 3–41.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0023879100028491Gary L. Gaile Spatial Models of Spread-Backwash Processes, Geographical Analysis 11, no.33 (Sep 2010): 273–288.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1979.tb00694.xD. E. Goodman The Brazilian Economic ‘Miracle’ and Regional Policy: Some Evidence from the Urban Northeast, Journal of Latin American Studies 8, no.11 (Feb 2009): 1–27.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X00018149R. K. Semple, H. L. Gauthier Spatial-Temporal Trends in Income Inequalities in Brazil, Geographical Analysis 4, no.22 (Sep 2010): 169–179.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1972.tb00467.xH. Jon Rosenbaum, William G. Tyler Policy-Making for the Brazilian Amazon, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 13, no.3-43-4 (Jan 2018): 416–433.https://doi.org/10.2307/174930P. G. Elkan Estimating New Zealand's manufacturing output in a common market with Australia∗, Journal of Development Studies 4, no.22 (Jan 1968): 241–267.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220386808421256 Jeffrey G. Williamson Regional Inequality and the Process of National Development: A Description of the Patterns, Economic Development and Cultural Change 13, no.4, Part 24, Part 2 (Oct 2015): 1–84.https://doi.org/10.1086/450136Rolando V. Garcia, Pierre Spitz Regional and Subregional Disjunctions: The Case of Northeastern Brazil, (Jan 1961): 75–117.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-025825-6.50011-2
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The good despot: Technology firms’ interventions in the public sphere
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We examine how the technology industry intervenes in social domains not directly tied to its products, services, and immediate commercial concerns. We intend to develop a framework for considering the ways technology and the technology industry reshape these domains in ways both intended and unintended. Drawing on sociologies of knowledge and technology and a set of 20 semi-structured interviews with technology workers and HR professionals working in the Israeli facilities of two large multi-national technology firms, we find evidence that the intervention allows the industry to re-purpose public education as a means of nurturing a firm’s workforce with the goal of remaining competitive in a tight labor market both nationally and globally. In parallel, the programs allow workers to experience satisfying and pleasant interactions. These re-purposing interventions might aggravate existing education inequality while further cementing the legitimacy of a dominant industry as a model for an idealized commercial society.
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Israeli Ethno-Religious Differences in Motherhood Penalties on Employment and Earnings
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Israeli society presents a unique context for studying motherhood’s impacts on employment and earnings: High fertility and marriage rates coincide with high rates of women’s education and employment. While past research finds low motherhood penalties in Israel, ethno-religious group differences in these penalties are unexplored. Ours is the first longitudinal study to examine simultaneously motherhood’s employment and wage penalties among Israeli ethno-religious groups. Using newly available panel data, we find that motherhood deters employment among Israeli-Palestinians more strongly than among Jews, and particularly among less-educated Israeli-Palestinians. Similarly, motherhood wage penalties and ethno-religious disparities are greatest among the least-educated women. For all groups, highly educated women incur smaller motherhood penalties in employment and earnings, and in some cases receive motherhood wage premiums. Public-sector employment, particularly for Muslims, is associated with higher postnatal employment, lower motherhood penalties, and motherhood premiums among the highly educated. The stronger enforcement of anti-discrimination and work–family policies in the public sector, along with its schoolteachers’ collective bargaining agreement that raises maternal earnings, may contribute to its more positive outcomes for Israeli-Palestinian mothers. Our findings suggest that increasing educational attainment and public-sector employment among Israeli-Palestinians may reduce ethno-religious inequality in motherhood’s impact on employment and earnings.
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INDEXATION AND STABILIZATION
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This article describes early models of indexing as well as more recent models that call for less indexing of wages to prices in order to improve price and output stability. Policymakers may face a tradeoff: although increasing indexation may lead to macro-economic instability, reducing indexation may lead to greater income inequality and labor market tension. The article then concentrates on recent experiences, first in countries that have long histories of indexing (Brazil and Israel), then in countries that have reduced indexing (Chile, Finland, and Iceland) or that have used indexing under moderate inflation (Australia and Italy). Where disindexation worked, the costs of stabilization (involving both disindexation and fiscal correction) were recognized, and political agreements permitted an acceptable distribution of these costs.
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When is 'Too Much' Inequality Not Enough? The Selection of Israeli Emigrants
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This paper examines the eect of inequality on the incentives to emigrate accord- ing to a person's education and unobservable (residual wage). Borjas (1987) shows that higher skilled individuals are more likely to emigrate than lower skilled individuals when the returns to skill are higher in a potential foreign destination. Using a unique data set on Israeli emigrants, we show that the probability of emi- grating indeed increases monotonically with education. However, the relationship between residual wages and emigration rates exhibits an inverse u-shaped pattern. We build a model to explain both of these patterns by incorporating the idea that education is a skill which can be transferred to a foreign country, but residual wages are composed of and skills which are not easily transferable. We test the model's predictions by exploiting variation in the patterns of emigration across industries and occupations. Our …ndings are consistent with the theory, and therefore, highlight the importance of dierentiating between general and country-speci…c in order to understand emigrant selection.
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https://openalex.org/W2623878582
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Who Gets and Who Gives Employer-Provided Benefits? Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data
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Why are some workers employed in some workplaces more likely to acquire valued rewards in the form of employer-provided benefits? In this paper, I shed new light on the sources of benefits inequality by developing a structural, rent-based theory as a strategy for observing and explaining within- and between-workplace benefits inequality. I put forward rent extraction by powerful workers as a main causal mechanism that produces within-workplace variation; and workplaces’ rent-sharing, attributable to firms with considerable resources and formalized organizations, as a mechanism that generates between-workplace variation. I test this theoretical model and the “linkedness” of the two mechanisms by analyzing Israeli matched employer-employee register data. I find that workers with greater bargaining power for rent extraction (i.e., full-time full-year (FTFY), service-class occupations) are more likely to obtain valued benefits within workplaces. Also large-scale, large-size firms and formalized workplaces (i.e., state-owned and public organizations and older organizations) are more likely to share their rent by providing valued benefits to all their workers, FTFY workers and service-class employees in particular. I conclude that benefits exacerbate the disparities arising from wages—except for women, who have higher odds of obtaining valued benefits than comparable men; implicitly, women have an unmeasured preference for benefits.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W1971201802
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An Inequality and its Application to a Property of Mahler's Partition Functions
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971201802
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Journal of the London Mathematical SocietyVolume s1-43, Issue 1 p. 429-432 Notes and papers An Inequality and its Application to a Property of Mahler's Partition Functions M. Lewin, M. Lewin The Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author M. Lewin, M. Lewin The Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1968 https://doi.org/10.1112/jlms/s1-43.1.429Citations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volumes1-43, Issue11968Pages 429-432 RelatedInformation
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https://openalex.org/W2152920353
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Immigration and wealth inequality in old age: The case of Israel
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Relatively little research has been devoted to the long term implications of immigration for the accumulation of household wealth. This accumulation has significance both for the well-being in old age and for intergenerational transmission of advantage and disadvantage. Our study addresses the nativity wealth gap and examines its sources. Data for the analysis were obtained from the SHARE-Israel study conducted in 2005–2006. Our sample includes 1366 Jewish households, either native-born or immigrant. We use OLS regression to estimate the nativity wealth gap and arrive at a number of noteworthy findings. First, immigrant–native disparities are large and do not disappear even after many decades of residence. Second, an important source of the disparity in accumulated household wealth is the fact that immigrants are considerably less likely than natives to have received a substantial inheritance. Third, wealth is strongly related to household income and more so among some immigrant groups than among natives. Fourth, there is substantial variation in the wealth of immigrant groups defined by their geo-cultural origin.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W2478752673
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<i>Ex-ante</i>and<i>Ex-post</i>Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity in Health: Evidence from Israel
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The chapter suggests two methodologies to measure inequality of opportunity in health in Israel, an ex-ante and an ex-post approach. In both cases, following the strategy recently suggested by Trannoy, Tubeuf, Jusot, and Devaux (2010), the chapter starts by introducing the production function of health, taking into account circumstances (the father’s years of education, his country of birth, the religion of the individual, his or her country of birth, age and gender) as well as effort variables (the level of education of the individual, his or her occupation and a variable describing his or her smoking habits).The chapter also suggests then a decomposition of the overall health inequality into a legitimate and an illegitimate component, using the mean logarithmic deviation as inequality index, such a breakdown being applied to both the ex-ante and the ex-post approaches to equality of opportunity.
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https://openalex.org/W3171892638
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Inequality in the public priority perceptions of elected representatives
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3171892638
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Democratic representation presumes that politicians know what the public wants. Ideally, politicians have accurate perceptions not only of which policies citizens prefer (positions), but also of which issues citizens prefer to be dealt with first (priorities). How accurate are elites’ perceptions of the public’s priorities? And, if elite estimations are incorrect, is there inequality in these perceptions? Using data from two surveys – one measuring citizens’ priorities and one gauging representatives’ perceptions thereof – in Belgium, Canada and Israel, this article shows that politicians’ perceptions of the extent to which citizens want them to undertake action on various issues are not entirely accurate. Importantly, politicians’ perceptions appear to be biased towards the preferences of the male, highly educated, and politically interested citizens. These key findings apply to all three countries under study. When it comes to gender specifically, it is found that female politicians’ estimations are no less skewed towards male preferences than male politicians’ estimations, which suggests the skew is not the consequence of bad descriptive representation but rather of certain segments of citizens being more politically active. All in all, the results show that inequality in representation might partly be driven by underlying perceptual inaccuracy.Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1928830 .
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W2033864570
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On some extensions of the concept of growth incidence curves
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[
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[
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This article proposes a decomposition of what Grimm (2007 Grimm, M. 2007. Removing the anonymity axiom in assessing pro-poor growth. Journal of Economic Inequality, 5: 179–97. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) called individual growth incidence curve into two components measuring the impact of structural mobility (measured through the traditional growth incidence curve) and of exchange mobility, respectively. It also suggests introducing a growth incidence curve that checks whether pure mobility was pro-poor. An illustration based on Israeli census data for the years 1983 and 1995 seems to confirm the usefulness of the proposed breakdown.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W1498298413
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Inequality Comparisons: The Role of Government and Demographic Structure
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The aim of this paper is to compare inequality in incomes between Ireland and Israel. We first decompose the Gini coefficient in a way that resembles the decomposition of the coefficient of variation. This enables us to estimate the Gini correlation for different types of income sources and to evaluate how the transition from one income definition to another affects the measured inequality. Secondly, by decomposing the Gini coefficient by demographic sub-groups (based on household size) we evaluate the contribution of each subgroup to the inequality, thus determining the extent to which the demographic structure of each country affects its Gini. We find that, although there is similar level of inequality in Ireland and Israel if measured by economic (non-governmental) income, moving to net disposable income still yields similar inequality between households, but it is the introduction of inequality between (equalised) individuals that produces the most striking difference of nearly 15% in the inequality between the two countries. This is due to the more coordination in government programs in Ireland, reflected in higher correlation coefficients between the government transfers and the disposable income. Analysing the demographic effect on inequality, we find that no household size group forms a distinctive stratum. Large households are poor in both countries, but are much poorer in Israel relatively to the whole population. The most dispersed group is the singles, who present in both ends of the income distribution. Singles and couples also have the largest inequality in both countries.
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https://openalex.org/W2054407812
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Gendered Occupational Differences and Earnings Gaps in Globalising Urban Economies: The Case of Tel-Aviv
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The major theoretical purpose of the paper is to investigate the implications of globalising and restructuring urban economies on gender-related differences in occupational distribution and earnings within the urban context. The study uses data from national censuses (1983 and 1995) and a labour force survey of 2001, in Israel, to investigate the evolution of gender gaps in Tel-Aviv. The findings that point to the erosion of advantages in the globalising and restructuring urban economy, compared with the nation as a whole, may indicate new potential sources of gender inequality. The theoretical implications, for both the restructuring and globalisation theses and the study of sources of inequality among men and women, are discussed.
|
[
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https://openalex.org/W2944260898
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Having It Both Ways: Can Latin American Spend More Money on Innovation and Reduce Income Inequality?
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944260898
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This article examines if Latin American nations would be helped by a participatory budgeting scheme for science at a time when their traditional exports of commodities are facing low prices; there is a need for industrial diversification; and there are high private‐debt levels, persistent poverty and inequality, and fiscal problems. Attempting to solve these issues has threatened the progress of science and technology policies over the last decade in Latin America at a time when countries such as China, Korea, Israel, and Finland were becoming increasingly competitive in science and technology. The article further examines the political pressures and resource competition that science and technology funding faces in Latin America, showing how a participatory budgeting scheme for science would invest in technology startups, remove reliance on taxation for science and technology funding, manage risk, supplement the incomes of citizens, and grant funds for basic research in Latin America. Finally, the article shows how the scheme would facilitate cooperation between Latin American business, the international science community, the general public, and government through investing in rather than taxing technology startups, while making sure that the general public receives more of a share of the economic gains from scientific discoveries in Latin America.
|
[
{
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"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2969885513
|
The Optimal Non-Linear Income Tax
|
[
{
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{
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[
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{
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2969885513
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The dominant model for income taxation in the public finance literature is the classical model of skills (Mirrlees, 1971). Until recently, an influential number of works using this model seemed to support declining marginal tax rates at high income levels. In this paper we use Diamond's (1996) methodology in order to explore the critical assumptions that lead to increasing or decreasing marginal tax rates. We find that with a lognomal distribution of skills and zero income effects there is a case for increasing marginal tax rates at high income levels. By performing a Kernel estimation to Israeli data we find empirical support for the lognormal distribution of skills.
|
[
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W2002479591
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Regional Inequality, Structural Change, and Economic Growth in Canada. 1890-1956
|
[
{
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[
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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[
"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002479591
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Previous articleNext article No AccessRegional Inequality, Structural Change, and Economic Growth in Canada. 1890-1956Alan G. GreenAlan G. Green Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 17, Number 4Jul., 1969 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/450384 Views: 16Total views on this site Citations: 15Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1969 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Giorgio Brosio Equalization transfers and convergence between federal and unitary systems: A contribution to their historical analysis, ECONOMIA PUBBLICA , no.33 (Apr 2018): 21–66.https://doi.org/10.3280/EP2017-003002Alex Arsenault Morin, Vincent Geloso, Vadim Kufenko The heights of French-Canadian convicts, 1780s–1820s, Economics & Human Biology 26 (Aug 2017): 126–136.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2017.03.002Sébastien Breau, Richard Saillant Regional income disparities in Canada: exploring the geographical dimensions of an old debate, Regional Studies, Regional Science 3, no.11 (Nov 2016): 463–481.https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2016.1244774Vincent Geloso The Seeds of Divergence: The Economy of French North America, 1688 to 1760, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2016).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2899723Livio Di Matteo Land and inequality in Canada 1870–1930, Scandinavian Economic History Review 60, no.33 (Nov 2012): 309–334.https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2012.727765Livio Di Matteo Patterns and Determinants of Wealth Inequality in Late-Nineteenth-Century Ontario, Social Science History 25, no.33 (Jan 2016): 347–380.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0145553200012153Livio Di Matteo Fiscal Imbalance and Economic Development in Canadian History: Evidence from the Economic History of Ontario, American Review of Canadian Studies 29, no.22 (Nov 2009): 287–327.https://doi.org/10.1080/02722019909481632Serge Coulombe, Frank C. Lee Évolution à long terme de la convergence régionale au Canada, L'Actualité économique 74, no.11 (Feb 2009): 5–27.https://doi.org/10.7202/602250arTakahiro Akita, Rizal Affandi Lukman Interregional Inequalities in Indonesia: A Sectoral Decomposition Analysis for 1975–92, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 31, no.22 (Aug 2006): 61–81.https://doi.org/10.1080/00074919512331336785John Fogarty Social Experiments in Regions of Recent Settlement: Australia, Argentina and Canada, (Jan 1989): 179–199.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10343-0_11J. R. Oppong, R. G. Ironside, L. W. Kennedy Perceived quality of life in a centre-periphery framework, Social Indicators Research 20, no.66 (Jun 2016): 605–620.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03359560Takahiro Akita REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INCOME DISPARITIES IN INDONESIA, Asian Economic Journal 2, no.22 (Sep 1988): 165–191.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.1988.tb00131.xA Shachar, G Lipshitz Regional Inequalities in Israel, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 13, no.44 (Apr 1981): 463–473.https://doi.org/10.1068/a130463G.B. Norcliffe, J.H. Stevens The Heckscher-Ohlin Hypothesis and Structural Divergence in Quebec and Ontario, 1961–1969, The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 23, no.33 (Sep 1979): 239–254.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1979.tb00660.xBrian Silver Levels of Sociocultural Development Among Soviet Nationalities: A Partial Test of the Equalization Hypothesis, American Political Science Review 68, no.44 (Sep 2013): 1618–1637.https://doi.org/10.2307/1959946
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https://openalex.org/W2047366302
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Europe's life expectancy rises by five years, but health inequalities remain
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Life expectancy increased by five years to 76 years between 1980 and 2010 across the World Health Organization’s Europe region, but major health inequalities remain, says WHO.
WHO’s European Health Report 2012 describes this gain in life expectancy as a “major success” for the 53 countries of the region, which extends to Israel in the south and Kazakhstan in the east.1 It predicts that average life expectancy at birth will increase to nearly 81 years by 2050. However, average life expectancy at birth differs widely between countries, ranging from 82.2 years in Switzerland to 68.7 years in Kazakhstan.
The difference between men and women remains, with women’s life expectancy reaching an average of 80 years in 2010, while men averaged …
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https://openalex.org/W2588421739
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National Innovation System and Inequality in Russia
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Russia has a long history but initially it became a powerful empire under Peter I the Great. Access to knowledge and innovation infrastructure provides resources for individual self-development, small and medium enterprises innovation activities and the national innovation-driven economic growth. One of the most important factors of the human resources efficiency is rapid learning and capability to adapt quickly to changes on the labour markets vis-a-vis global trends. India and Russia perform inequality levels comparable with Japan, Israel, and some European economies. The analysis shows that the inequality growth in Russia was an effect of transition from the socialist economic model to the free market economy in the early 1990s. It was also the time of crucial decline in the households’ income. The cross-regional comparison shows a significant inequality in income per capita, business activity and economic productivity. The financial flows are concentrated just in a few key regions and cities, causing severe inequality.
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https://openalex.org/W1771504921
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The Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality for Education and Earnings
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Inequality is transmitted intergenerationally because the outcomes of parents and their children are correlated. The correlation may be due to inherited, economic, and/or contextual factors. A structural model is proposed in which parents affect their children directly through their own schooling and earnings and indirectly through their own inherited ability. By taking account of inherited ability, the causal effect on outcome of parental schooling and earnings upon the schooling and earnings of their children is identified. A generated regressor methodology is used to estimate the ability to learn and earn of Israeli parents. It is shown that the schooling and earnings of children are affected by these generated regressors. Further, although the causal effects are small, it is shown that parents’ income and schooling matter for their children’s schooling and earnings. Both nature and nurture are reflected in the intergenerational correlation for schooling and earnings, but nature and contextual variables turn out to matter more than nurture.
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https://openalex.org/W4308303073
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Advancing support for intergroup equality via a self-affirmation campaign
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Members of historically advantaged groups are often unwilling to support actions or policies aimed at reducing inequality between advantaged and disadvantaged groups, even if they generally support the principle of equality. Based on past research, we suggest a self-affirmation intervention (an intervention in which people reflect on a positive trait or value in order to affirm their positive self-image) may be effective for increasing the willingness of advantaged group members to address inequality. Importantly, while self-affirmation has been only operationalized as a written exercise in the past, in this project, we adapt it into video messages for use in public campaigns. In Study 1, we experimentally tested an initial video adaptation of self-affirmation and found that it was effective in increasing the willingness of advantaged group members to address inequality in the context of Jewish–Arab relations in Israel. Based on this study, two NGOs developed a real campaign video and used it in their public campaign, and we tested this applied intervention (in Study 2) and found it to be effective compared to a control condition that only presented information about inequality. Together, these studies represent the first implementation of self-affirmation in real-world campaigns and indicate that it can be an effective way to increase support for action to address inequality.
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https://openalex.org/W3161188127
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Review of ‘The Israeli Economy in the Last Twenty Years: Lights and Shadows in the Market Economy’, Edited by Avraham Ben-Bassat, Reuben Gronau and Asaf Zussman
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In the last two decades, the Israeli economy has matured and stabilized along various macroeconomic dimensions, conquering inflation and eliminating current account imbalances. Yet, perhaps as expected, this new economic phase has been characterized by new challenges and opportunities.
This fascinating book provides a dual service. It reviews the evolution of the Israeli economy during this period, while also identifying the key challenges that Israel will face going forward.
In this brief review of the book, I intend to discuss what I consider the work’s key messages. Naturally, it is impossible for a short review like this to do justice to the wealth of information, analysis, and insights provided in the book. Rather, I decided to concentrate the discussion around five topics that, in my view, are central to the future success of the Israeli economy: (i) the evolution of public sector expenditures, (ii) the various (or, in some cases, lack of) market reforms, (iii) the labor market, (iv) productivity, and (v) the evolution of inequality within the Israeli economy. In what follows, I briefly discuss the main lessons I took from this work with respect to these issues
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Linear Inequalities Over Complex Cones
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The basic solvability theorems of Farkas [2] and Levinson [4] were recently extended in different directions by Ben-Israel [1] and Kaul [3]. The theorem stated in this note generalizes both results of Ben-Israel and Kaul and is applicable to nonlinear programming over complex cones.
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https://openalex.org/W4224216540
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Measuring distance to the SDG targets – Israel
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4224216540
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Israel has already achieved 18 of the 110 SDG targets for which comparable data are available and, based on most recent trends, is expected to meet 7 additional targets by 2030 (). As virtually all OECD countries, Israel has already met (or is close to meeting) most targets related to securing basic needs and implementing the policy tools and frameworks mentioned in the 2030 Agenda (see details in ) and displays key strengths in health and innovation (Goals 3 and 9). Yet, some challenges remain;inequality is a critical issue and greater efforts are needed to halt the loss of biodiversity.
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https://openalex.org/W2061525410
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A New Model for Equitable and Efficient Resource Allocation to Schools: The Israeli Case
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061525410
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This paper sets out a new budget allocation formula for schools, designed to achieve a more equitable distribution of educational achievement. In addition to needs-based elements, the suggested composite allocation formula includes an improvement component, whereby schools receive budgetary allocations based on a new incentive measure developed in this paper (Improvement in the Educational Achievement Distribution, or IEAD). The development of the budget allocation formula is demonstrated utilizing Israeli data. Large scale, nationwide data sets relating studentsﾒ academic achievement to student background variables, teacher profiles and school characteristics, were analyzed to identify appropriate needs-based formula components and to estimate their weights. The results are compared with the funding formulas currently used in Israel.
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[
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https://openalex.org/W2605796481
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Algebraic Moments, Elementary Exponential Inequalities
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2605796481
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In this chapter, we start by giving upper bounds for algebraic moments of partial sums from a strongly mixing sequence. These inequalities are similar to Rosenthal’s inequalities (Rosenthal, Israel J Math, 8:273–303, 1970) concerning moments of sums of independent random variables.
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[
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https://openalex.org/W3045084262
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Are we responsible for the racial inequalities of covid-19?
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3045084262
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<h3>Abstract</h3> A notion of implied susceptible population size ISPS was introduced in the context of the SIR differential equations in Epidemiology, in a companion paper. It is the potential target population size for which the solution to the SIR equations would yield the current number of new affected cases. This notion is applied to the analysis and projection of Covid19 2020, illustrated on the data of Germany, Israel, Italy and USA.
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[
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|
https://openalex.org/W2156864244
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Testing Self-Selection in Transitions between the Public Sector and the Business Sector
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[
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2156864244
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This paper tests the Incentive Theory predictions that wages which are less sensitive to performance or skill attract lower quality workers, and wages which are more sensitive attract higher quality workers. A longitudinal dataset of individuals moving from the Israeli public sector to the Israeli business sector or vice versa, is used to test whether and to what extent relative equal-sharing discourages participation of productive individuals. The findings provide evidence of a negative selection among those switching from the business sector to the public sector, and a positive selection among those moving in the opposite direction, especially among men. Entrants to the public sector from the business sector were negatively selected in their conditional pre-entry earnings - identified as skills - compared to non-leavers. Individuals who left the public sector were positively selected by their skills compared to the workers who stayed. At the broader level, these findings provide micro level empirical support for Borjas' hypothesis that migrants' self-selection depends on the difference in earnings inequality between the origin and the destination.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2994096582
|
Interregional Filtering-Down of a Household Asset: The Case of the Automobile Age Mix in Israel
|
[
{
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"display_name": "Eliahu Stern",
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[
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2994096582
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An interregional filtering-down process of a household asset was examined through the study of spatial changes in the age mix of private cars. The relative share effect of shift share analysis was used to identify cities exporting and importing old cars using Israel as a national case. A causal path model supported the hypothesis that a core-periphery filtering-down process characterizes the spread of private cars. A further analysis of the car market demonstrated the regional impact of the automobile filtering process. The latter was found to have a core-positive effect that both directly and indirectly, increases regional inequality. Peripheries thus are always expected to have a relatively larger share of secondary goods than do the cores. The theoretical context of the study is presented first and followed by a proposed mechanism by which the age structure (hereafter the age mix) of the car market is changed. Using Israel as a national case, both a shift-share and a path analysis are used to examine and test the filtering- down process. Finally, the regional implications of the process are discussed.
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737866954",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3165147242
|
With a Little Help from My Mother. The Matrilineal Advantage in European Grand Parenting
|
[
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{
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[
"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3165147242
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This study documents the matrilineal advantage in grandparent – grandchildren relationships in Europe, using data on 20 European countries and Israel from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE). We show that maternal grandparents look after grandchildren and provide financial or material gifts to children more than paternal grandparents do. In exchange, daughters help their parents with personal care, household tasks and paperwork more than sons do. The matrilineal advantage is stronger for grandmothers than for grandfathers, and stronger in the more conservative societies of Southern Europe, where gender inequality is higher and trust in others is lower.
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https://openalex.org/W3164184936
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Few Notes on Inequality in Israel: The Causes Behind Inequality
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3164184936
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Real Justice has nothing in common with redistribution and disgraceful ‘equity’, so we are discussing inequality as a purely economic problem. There are two sources of inequality in focus in this short paper. The first one is rooted in the level of risks accepted by business: if a significant part of entrepreneurs is ‘risk loving’ innovators who could both to lose big or, or to win big it inevitably results in relatively high inequality (as it is observable in the US economy – Acemoglu et al, 2012; Adam Smith). The second source of inequality is high barriers for entering markets protecting crony – capitalists. The latter is quite typical for some autocratic governments as well as for every economy plagued by socialist-like institutions (as a majority of Latin American countries and Israel with 'socially oriented' patron-client pyramids in broad use - De Soto, 2002).
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https://openalex.org/W3124416337
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Increasing and Decreasing Labor Shares: Cross-Country Differences in the XXI Century
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3124416337
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We describe the behavior of the labor share in the corporate sector for twenty OECD countries over the first 15 years of the XXI century. Our first finding is that the OECD labor share -a cross-country average- is trendless over this medium-run horizon after adjusting for the labor income generated from IPP rents as in Koh et al. (2017). Second, we find that the behavior of the labor share is largely heterogeneous across countries over this period. Indeed, the corporate labor share significantly increases for equally as many countries (e.g., France, Italy and the United Kingdom) as it decreases (e.g., Germany, Israel and the United States) over this period. Third, a decomposition of the corporate labor share behavior into that of its components shows that the cross-country differences in labor share trends are mainly driven by the differences in labor productivity growth and not wages.
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https://openalex.org/W4297665877
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Advancing Support for Intergroup Equality Via a Self-Affirmation Campaign
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"Israel"
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[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297665877
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Members of historically advantaged groups are often unwilling to support actions or policies aimed at reducing inequality between advantaged and disadvantaged groups, even if they generally support the principle of equality. Based on past research, we suggest a self-affirmation intervention (an intervention in which people reflect on a positive trait or value in order to affirm their positive self-image) may be effective for increasing the willingness of advantaged group members to address inequality. Importantly, while self-affirmation has in the past only operationalized as a written exercise, in this project we adapt it into video messages for use in public campaigns. In Study 1, we experimentally tested an initial video adaptation of self-affirmation and found that it is effective in increasing the willingness of advantaged group members to address inequality in the context of Jewish-Arab relations in Israel. Based on this study, an NGO developed a real campaign video and used it in their public campaign, and we tested this applied intervention (in Study 2) and found it to be effective compared to a control condition that only presented information about inequality. Together, these studies represent the first implementation of self-affirmation in real world campaigns and indicate that it can be effective way to increase support for action to address inequality.
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https://openalex.org/W3125665197
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The Limits of Equality: Insights from the Israeli Kibbutz
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3125665197
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What limits the capacity of society to redistribute and provide insurance? What determines the structure of compensation in organizations striving for income equality? This paper addresses these questions by investigating the economic and sociological forces underlying the persistence of the Israeli kibbutzim, communities based on the principle of income equality. To do this, I exploit newly-assembled data on kibbutzim, and a financial crisis in the late-1980s that affected them differentially. The main findings are that: (1) productive individuals are the most likely to exit, and a kibbutz’s wealth serves as a lock-in device that increases the value of staying; (2) higher wealth reduces exit and supports a high degree of income equality; (3) ideology contributes to income equality. Using a simple model, I show that these findings are consistent with a view of the kibbutz as providing optimal insurance without commitment to stay, namely when participation is at-will. More generally, these findings contribute to an understanding of how mobility limits redistribution, and to an understanding of the determinants of the sharing rule in other types of organizations, such as professional partnerships, cooperatives and labor-managed firms.
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https://openalex.org/W1575835816
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Decomposing the Dynamics of Regional Earnings Disparities in Israel
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The literature on regional growth convergence and economic disparities has tended to confound four interwoven measurement phenomena. i) mean reversion (so-called beta convergence) where richer regions move towards the average from above and poorer regions from below. ii) diminishing inequality (so called sigma convergence) where the horizontal or spatial distribution of income becomes more equal. iii) mobility, where the rank of a region in the overall distribution of income changes either upwards or downwards. iv) leveling, where the richer regions become poorer (leveling-down) or the poorer regions become richer (leveling-up). We use a new statistical methodology, which treats these four phenomena on an integrated basis. The methodology is applied to Israeli regional earnings and house price data. We find that whereas earnings are strongly sigma divergent during the 1990s, this trend is offset when regional cost of living differences are taken into consideration. In this event, regional housing markets induce convergence in similar measure to the divergence induced by regional labor earnings.
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https://openalex.org/W3146446983
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Decomposing the Dynamics of Regional Earnings Disparities in Israel
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3146446983
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The literature on regional growth convergence and economic disparities has tended to confound four interwoven measurement phenomena. i) mean reversion (so-called beta convergence) where richer regions move towards the average from above and poorer regions from below. ii) diminishing inequality (so called sigma convergence) where the horizontal or spatial distribution of income becomes more equal. iii) mobility, where the rank of a region in the overall distribution of income changes either upwards or downwards. iv) leveling, where the richer regions become poorer (leveling-down) or the poorer regions become richer (leveling-up). We use a new statistical methodology, which treats these four phenomena on an integrated basis. The methodology is applied to Israeli regional earnings and house price data. We find that whereas earnings are strongly sigma divergent during the 1990s, this trend is offset when regional cost of living differences are taken into consideration. In this event, regional housing markets induce convergence in similar measure to the divergence induced by regional labor earnings.
|
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https://openalex.org/W3173175052
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Review Of: ‘The Mystery of the Kibbutz: Egalitarian Principles in a Capitalist World’
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{
"display_name": "Neoclassical economics",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
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"display_name": "Law",
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3173175052
|
Much has been written about the kibbutzim (plural of “kibbutz”, a uniquely Israeli social collective), and their eventual decline may seem, at least to many economists, an obvious and inevitable outcome. As such, writing a new book that offers a rigorous and nontrivial economic analysis, brings new findings and insights, and makes a meaningful contribution to the current debate on key issues, such as inequality, is no small endeavor. The author's writing style, his broad perspective, which goes beyond economics, and a smart organization of the book make its reading intriguing and enjoyable not only to professional economists, but to a wider audience as well.
While the book explores the particular case of the kibbutzim, the questions it raises and the lessons it provides are much broader. These relate to the role of incentives in motivating individual behavior, economic and social mechanisms that may mitigate the effects of flawed incentive structures, and the costs and implications of excessive equality. Yet the book also serves an important reminder against over-simplistic or cynical approaches. While an excessively egalitarian structure eventually proved unsustainable, the author emphasizes that under certain historical circumstances it had important economic advantages (such as exploiting economies of scale in the provision of services), provided important economic amenities to its members (notably, insurance in a very risky environment), and proved very instrumental in attaining collective (even national) goals.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Social Science Research Network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589",
"type": "repository"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W2417006423
|
Who Gets and Who Gives Employer-Provided Benefits? Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "University of Haifa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I91203450",
"lat": 32.81841,
"long": 34.9885,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Tali Kristal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060541841"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Odds",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143095724"
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{
"display_name": "Bargaining power",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48057960"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
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{
"display_name": "Service (business)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780378061"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Preference",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781249084"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Microeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787"
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{
"display_name": "Logistic regression",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151956035"
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{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2417006423
|
Why are some workers employed in some workplaces more likely to acquire valued rewards in the form of employer-provided benefits? In this paper, I shed new light on the sources of benefits inequality by developing a structural, rent-based theory as a strategy for observing and explaining within- and between-workplace benefits inequality. I put forward rent extraction by powerful workers as a main causal mechanism that produces within-workplace variation; and workplaces' rent-sharing, attributable to firms with considerable resources and formalized organizations, as a mechanism that generates between-workplace variation. I test this theoretical model and the linkedness of the two mechanisms by analyzing Israeli matched employer-employee register data. I find that workers with greater bargaining power for rent extraction (i.e., full-time full-year (FTFY), service-class occupations) are more likely to obtain valued benefits within workplaces. Also large-scale, large-size firms and formalized workplaces (i.e., state-owned and public organizations and older organizations) are more likely to share their rent by providing valued benefits to all their workers, FTFY workers and service-class employees in particular. I conclude that benefits exacerbate the disparities arising from wages—except for women, who have higher odds of obtaining valued benefits than comparable men; implicitly, women have an unmeasured preference for benefits.
|
[
{
"display_name": "27th Annual Meeting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306499090",
"type": "journal"
}
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|
https://openalex.org/W2078498863
|
Who Gains and Who Loses from the National Insurance System in Israel: A Financial Appraisal within and across Generations
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Israel",
"display_name": "Ben-Gurion University of the Negev",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I124227911",
"lat": 31.262192,
"long": 34.80151,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Avia Spivak",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033729143"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Redistribution (election)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74080474"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
},
{
"display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322"
},
{
"display_name": "Redistribution of income and wealth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110458093"
},
{
"display_name": "Adjusted gross income",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91064468"
},
{
"display_name": "Sample (material)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522"
},
{
"display_name": "Income tax",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165786947"
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{
"display_name": "Public economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100001284"
},
{
"display_name": "Income distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510"
},
{
"display_name": "Gross income",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C172008318"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "State income tax",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74939039"
},
{
"display_name": "Tax reform",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C551662922"
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{
"display_name": "Unemployment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778126366"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "Chromatography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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[
"Israel"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W1966041856",
"https://openalex.org/W1975378408",
"https://openalex.org/W2003180600",
"https://openalex.org/W2060169675",
"https://openalex.org/W2124070382"
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078498863
|
A major objective of the Israeli Old Age and Survivors (OAS) programme is focused on: redistribution of income. The effects on income distribution within one generation and across generations are studied. It was found that the programme is very effective. It takes more than 4 per cent of the gross income of the more affluent people in the sample and gives more than 16 per cent of income to the least affluent people. The programme discriminates against men because of their later retirement, higher income and lower survival probabilities. All these results are within one generation. For the inter‐generational transfers, it was found that this generation pays more than it receives from the programme. Interestingly, the reduction of National Insurance tax devoted to the Old Age and Survivors programme, from 5.4 per cent to 3.3 per cent is the one suggested by the model. Unfortunately, it was found that increasing the inter‐generational equality by reducing the tax rate lessens its effectiveness to bring equality within the generation. More research is needed before policy recommendations can be made.
|
[
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Social Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S49131624",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2555025615
|
COGNITIVE INEQUALITIES IN LATER LIFE: CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN THE EDUCATION-COGNITION GRADIENT
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Luxembourg",
"display_name": "University of Luxembourg",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I186903577",
"lat": 49.660175,
"long": 6.134009,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Anja Leist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071664854"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169900460"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2555025615
|
AbstractLater-life cognitive function is intrinsically linked to amount and quality of education received in childhood and adolescence, supposedly by education increasing cognitive reserve. However early cognitive skills also determine how much schooling is received. Current methods cannot disentangle education and cognition. I propose a method to standardize education and comparatively analyze the education-cognition gradient in order to assess if . 16,941 respondents to the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe providing at least two measurements (waves 1 to 5) from 16 countries, aged 50–59 were included. Cognitive function was an average of immediate, delayed recall and executive function. Education was standardized by logit-rank transformation, providing information on educational rank. Mixed (random-effects) models were run with covariates and education as fixed effect, random intercept and slope. Empirical Bayes predictors were estimated to investigate the education-cognition gradient. Cognitive levels were above average in most continental, northern European and some post-communist countries (Slovenia, Estonia), and below average in southern European, Poland, and Israel. Education-cognition gradients were above average in France and post-communist countries (Poland, Slovenia, Czechia), reflecting better average fit of cognitive levels with amount of schooling received. In contrast, continental European countries showed below-average gradients, i.e. higher cognitive inequalities. With this method, the link between education and cognition can be examined more closely. Findings reflect country differences in educational inequalities, i.e. accessibility to higher education independent of socioeconomic status, at the time when this middle-aged cohort was schooled.
|
[
{
"display_name": "The Gerontologist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S130337233",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401815",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2325909280
|
CROSS-COUNTRY I NEQUALITY T RENDS*
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Daron Acemoğlu",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012301204"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Wage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777388388"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Differential (mechanical device)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C93226319"
},
{
"display_name": "Productivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204983608"
},
{
"display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Technical change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777098202"
},
{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Aerospace engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C146978453"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
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[
"https://openalex.org/W179021419",
"https://openalex.org/W1516381423",
"https://openalex.org/W1524917602",
"https://openalex.org/W1526152052",
"https://openalex.org/W1548704993",
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"https://openalex.org/W1555604187",
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"https://openalex.org/W1968384696",
"https://openalex.org/W2011862340",
"https://openalex.org/W2019241877",
"https://openalex.org/W2024179302",
"https://openalex.org/W2029926564",
"https://openalex.org/W2035805224",
"https://openalex.org/W2043498212",
"https://openalex.org/W2054143567",
"https://openalex.org/W2056401733",
"https://openalex.org/W2066983550",
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"https://openalex.org/W2071398686",
"https://openalex.org/W2073545542",
"https://openalex.org/W2078388466",
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"https://openalex.org/W2106315213",
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"https://openalex.org/W2168529093",
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"https://openalex.org/W2890410217",
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"https://openalex.org/W2911142733",
"https://openalex.org/W3021641065",
"https://openalex.org/W3023985466",
"https://openalex.org/W3121618003",
"https://openalex.org/W3122009441",
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"https://openalex.org/W3125062562",
"https://openalex.org/W3125179269",
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https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2325909280
|
I review the two most popular explanations for the differential trends in wage inequality in US/ UK and Europe: that relative supply of skills increased faster in Europe, and that European labour market institutions prevented inequality from increasing. Although these explanations go some way towards accounting for the differential cross-country inequality trends, it also appears that relative demand for skills increased differentially across countries. I develop a simple theory where labour market institutions creating wage compression in Europe also encourage more investment in technologies increasing the productivity of less-skilled workers, implying less skill-biased technical change in Europe than the US. While over the 1980s wage inequality and returns to education increased sharply in the US and the UK, there was less of an increase, or even no change, in continental European economies; see, for example, Freeman and Katz (1995), Nickell and Bell (1996), Katz et al. (1995). Table 1 illustrates these trends by showing an estimate of the education premium and the log differences of the 90th and the 10th percentiles of the wage distribution for a number of countries from the Luxembourg Income Studies dataset (and for the US from the CPS, see Section 3 and the Appendix for data details). The Table also replicates the estimates of the 90–10 differential for a number of countries from Table 2 of the survey by Freeman and Katz (1995) for comparison. The numbers show that US inequality and skill premia were higher at the end of the 1970s than in most other countries, and from there on, they increased faster than in these other cases (perhaps with the exception of Israel).
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3123726683
|
Agricultural Production Cooperatives: Factors Affecting Performance
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Claudia Parliament",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009781411"
}
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[
{
"display_name": "Incentive",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29122968"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Cohesion (chemistry)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104054115"
},
{
"display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322"
},
{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673"
},
{
"display_name": "Affect (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776035688"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Tobit model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166866094"
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{
"display_name": "Income distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510"
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{
"display_name": "Agriculture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473"
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{
"display_name": "Microeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787"
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{
"display_name": "Demographic economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254"
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{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Organic chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] |
[
"Israel"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123726683
|
A key problem that hampers production within agricultural settlements is insufficient contribution of labor to the cooperative activity. This research analyzes the factors affecting members' labor supply. A theoretical model is developed based on expected utility maximizing behavior. Members are assumed to allocate labor between private and cooperative production. The model includes behavioral interaction of members, variation in income distribution rules and income uncertainty. The effect of a change in several cooperative parameters such as member cohesion, rules of income distribution, cooperative income variability, and income correlation is analyzed using comparative statics. The results indicate there are no simple, direct incentives to affect participation in an uncertain environment. Neither an increase in member cohesion nor an increase in the distribution of income based on participation will guarantee an increase cooperative labor. Similarly, cooperative participation will not necessarily decline with either an increase in cooperative income variability or an increase in cooperative and private income correlation. Labor supply was collected from members of an Israeli Kibbutz. Because there is no private production on this type of cooperative, the effects of income variability and correlation cannot be tested. It is possible, however, to isolate the effect of member cohesion. Tobit and Heckman estimation procedures were used to determine factors affecting members' supply of extra hours of labor. Member cohesion is found to be a significant factor in both procedures which confirms the importance of behavioral interaction in models of cooperative labor supply. Given the rules of income distribution on a Kibbutz, the non-pecuniary factors which affect a members' labor supply can also be tested. The statistical results appeal to our intuition because the decision whether or not to work over time is significantly influenced by attitudes but not by work activities, while the number of extra hours voluntarily worked is strongly influenced by work activities.
|
[] |
|
https://openalex.org/W383069409
|
Constructing a Social Accounting Matrix: Concepts and Use in Economic Policy Analysis
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Oman",
"display_name": "Sultan Qaboos University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47818738",
"lat": 23.59111,
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"display_name": "Houcine Boughanmi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001581019"
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{
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{
"country": "Oman",
"display_name": "Sultan Qaboos University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47818738",
"lat": 23.59111,
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"display_name": "Lokman Zaïbet",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060113008"
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{
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{
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"display_name": "Sultan Qaboos University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47818738",
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"display_name": "O. S. Al-Jabri",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087194266"
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{
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{
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"display_name": "Sultan Qaboos University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47818738",
"lat": 23.59111,
"long": 58.17139,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "T. AI-Hinai",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091100454"
}
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[
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"display_name": "Social accounting matrix",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779831800"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Equity (law)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199728807"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C180916674"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C195487862"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C148179231"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
"display_name": "Income distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Computable general equilibrium",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C20522121"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] |
[
"Oman"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W1489636881",
"https://openalex.org/W1515342288",
"https://openalex.org/W1543108288",
"https://openalex.org/W3121226065",
"https://openalex.org/W3125499130"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W383069409
|
The objective of this paper was to construct a social accounting matrix (SAM) and show how it can be used to determine the economy-wide and sectoral effects of external shocks and various policy options available using Oman as a model. We first constructed an aggregate SAM (macro SAM) based on the country’s national accounts which provided the control totals for a multisectoral, multi-institutional SAM. Then, we used the SAM to derive the multiplier matrix coefficients and simulated the effects of four policy scenarios: 1) an increase in agricultural and manufacturing exports (diversification scenario), 2) an increase in oil export value, 3) a reduction in worker remittances, and 4) an income transfer to rural households (equity scenario). Results showed that the diversification scenario had the largest overall production multiplier, while the increase in oil export price scenario had the highest impact on government revenue, balance of trade and saving. The remittance control scenario had the highest impact on total household income but most of the income increase went to urban households. The equity scenario had the second largest increase on household income, mostly rural income, but the least effect on saving, and trade balance. The policy implications of these simulations are not clear-cut. In addressing development issues, policy makers would need to use a combination of policy instruments to achieve a specific objective.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of agricultural and marine sciences",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210213228",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2989660379
|
A study on the motives of Omani teachers’ income distribution towards different investment avenues
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ansa Salim",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037483296"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Mohammed Riyas",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090136186"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "S Archana",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087008119"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731"
},
{
"display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322"
},
{
"display_name": "Income distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510"
},
{
"display_name": "Loan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777764128"
},
{
"display_name": "Comprehensive income",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166167597"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Labour economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145236788"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Public economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100001284"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Gross income",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C172008318"
},
{
"display_name": "Inequality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
},
{
"display_name": "Tax reform",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C551662922"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "State income tax",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74939039"
}
] |
[
"Oman"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2989660379
|
The present study is conducted to understand the motives of income distribution towards different value-based investments made by the teachers of private as well as public sector colleges and schools in the North Ash Sharqiyah Governorate of Oman. A conceptual framework has been made by the researcher to link the motives of income distribution towards investments. A survey questionnaire was developed and administrated to 200 teachers in the region. The most important finding revealed from this research study is that the majority of the Omani teachers consider investing in dream house or house for rent as their most preferred investment. This will surely act as a long term investment and steady income for the future. With this steady income, they can regularly send their children for better education. But they are not very much aware of the latest or modern investment avenues like shares and securities. Also, it is clear that they distribute their major portion of their income towards the loan, specifically, housing loans. This study also finds the fact that the teachers are more conscious about investing in their child’s education. They believe there is a close relationship between the investment on a child’s education and wealth generation of a country as a whole. Another insight from the study is higher education of their children is their motive for long term investments.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamic and Control Systems",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306515287",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2422372425
|
Venous Thromboembolism Risk and Adequacy of Prophylaxis in High Risk Pregnancy in the Arabian Gulf
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Faisal Alsayegh",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074756674"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Waleed Al-Jassar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061355107"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Salima Wani",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034810442"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Muna Tahlak",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086740110"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Awatef Albahar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060156344"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Lamya Al Kharusi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007996814"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Halima Al-Tamimi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037575038"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Faten El-Taher",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037039791"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Naeema Mahmood",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036639929"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Oman",
"display_name": "Sultan Qaboos University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47818738",
"lat": 23.59111,
"long": 58.17139,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Ibrahim Al‐Zakwani",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040046708"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Pregnancy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779234561"
},
{
"display_name": "Obstetrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C131872663"
},
{
"display_name": "Venous thromboembolism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991741193"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemoprophylaxis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776688490"
},
{
"display_name": "Risk factor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50440223"
},
{
"display_name": "Varicose veins",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777475103"
},
{
"display_name": "Risk assessment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12174686"
},
{
"display_name": "Pediatrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187212893"
},
{
"display_name": "Gynecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29456083"
},
{
"display_name": "Thrombosis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780868729"
},
{
"display_name": "Surgery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141071460"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer security",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
}
] |
[
"Kuwait",
"Qatar",
"Bahrain",
"United Arab Emirates",
"Oman"
] |
[
"https://openalex.org/W30940793",
"https://openalex.org/W1559267373",
"https://openalex.org/W1964763990",
"https://openalex.org/W1975757685",
"https://openalex.org/W1996717303",
"https://openalex.org/W1997491700",
"https://openalex.org/W1998146146",
"https://openalex.org/W2001497857",
"https://openalex.org/W2008279080",
"https://openalex.org/W2012189551",
"https://openalex.org/W2022485309",
"https://openalex.org/W2025914683",
"https://openalex.org/W2071592438",
"https://openalex.org/W2076406587",
"https://openalex.org/W2081841204",
"https://openalex.org/W2119580559",
"https://openalex.org/W2123497121",
"https://openalex.org/W2126595069",
"https://openalex.org/W2126945338",
"https://openalex.org/W2132208583",
"https://openalex.org/W2146576476",
"https://openalex.org/W2149886543",
"https://openalex.org/W2151129243",
"https://openalex.org/W2152352294",
"https://openalex.org/W2155175563",
"https://openalex.org/W2163345245",
"https://openalex.org/W2163710303",
"https://openalex.org/W2253695698",
"https://openalex.org/W2317304839",
"https://openalex.org/W2917543306"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2422372425
|
To estimate the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors in pregnancy and the proportion of pregnancies at risk of VTE that received the recommended prophylaxis according to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2012 published guidelines in antenatal clinics in the Arabian Gulf.The evaluation of venous thromboembolism (EVE)-Risk project was a non-interventional, cross-sectional, multi-centre, multi-national study of all eligible pregnant women (≥17 years) screened during antenatal clinics from 7 centres in the Arabian Gulf countries (United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Oman). Pregnant women were recruited during a 3-month period between September and December 2012.Of 4,131 screened pregnant women, 32% (n=1,337) had ≥1 risk factors for VTE. Common VTE risk factors included obesity (76%), multiparity (33%), recurrent miscarriages (9.1%), varicose veins (6.9%), thrombophilia (2.6%), immobilization (2.0%), sickle cell disease (2.8%) and previous VTE (1.6%). Only 8.3% (n=111) of the high risk patients were on the recommended VTE prophylaxis. Enoxaparin was used in 80% (n=89) of the cases followed by tinzaparin (4%; n=4). Antiplatelet agents were prescribed in 11% (n=149) of pregnant women. Of those on anticoagulants (n=111), 59% (n=66) were also co-prescribed antiplatelet agents. Side effects (mainly local bruising at the injection site) were reported in 12% (n=13) of the cases.A large proportion of pregnant women in the Arabian Gulf countries have ≥1 VTE risk factor with even a smaller fraction on prophylaxis. VTE risk assessment must be adopted to identify those at risk who would need VTE prophylaxis.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Current Vascular Pharmacology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S207336467",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "PubMed Central",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "PubMed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2407842990
|
Malaria in non-endemic Kuwait: resident status of patients with imported infections and the need for prophylaxis.
|
[
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Hira Pr",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020349879"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "K. Behbehani",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031187068"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Saleh Al-Kandari",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079020795"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Malaria",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778048844"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemoprophylaxis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776688490"
},
{
"display_name": "Expatriate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779056439"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Malaria prophylaxis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779142074"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
},
{
"display_name": "Travel medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779516188"
},
{
"display_name": "Surgery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141071460"
},
{
"display_name": "Immunology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203014093"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586"
}
] |
[
"Kuwait"
] |
[] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2407842990
|
Kuwait is non-endemic for malaria but, with a large expatriate population, the number of imported infections has escalated from 87 in 1980 to 534 in 1984, an increase of over 613%. During a period of 1 year at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, where most of the cases were diagnosed each year, 16.7% of blood samples sent for microscopy were positive for malaria; 95.47% of these patients were hospitalized for an average of 4 days. In a 2-year period, only three (0.52%) Kuwaiti nationals imported the infection out of a total of 577 patients with malaria. About equal numbers of expatriate 'residents' and 'new arrivals' were responsible for the remainder, but over 80% of patients with Plasmodium falciparum were 'residents'. The proportion of residents among the patients is increasing and will be more pronounced with the downturn in the economy. To curtail the tide of imported malaria, the current data suggests the viability of an active campaign to offer chemoprophylaxis to travellers at risk who are essentially 'semi-immune visitors of a non-malarious area visiting a malarious area'. The benefits of simple prophylactic measures need to be emphasized. The disinfection of aircraft arriving from endemic zones should be mandatory.
|
[
{
"display_name": "PubMed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2148676048
|
The frequency of tuberculosis in adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients in Turkey
|
[
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Turkey",
"display_name": "Istanbul University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I67581229",
"lat": 41.01384,
"long": 28.94966,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Tülin Budak‐Alpdoğan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027001679"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Y Tangün",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050147897"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sevgi Kalayoğlu-Beşışık",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023298240"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Siret Ratıp",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049484254"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Hamdı Akan",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006552750"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Zafer Başlar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011331320"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Teoman Soysal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025271355"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "L A Bayik",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018018015"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Hüsnü Koç",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009795816"
}
] |
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemoprophylaxis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776688490"
},
{
"display_name": "Tuberculosis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781069245"
},
{
"display_name": "Transplantation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2911091166"
},
{
"display_name": "Isoniazid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776967927"
},
{
"display_name": "Surgery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141071460"
},
{
"display_name": "Incidence (geometry)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61511704"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002"
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{
"display_name": "Pediatrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187212893"
},
{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951"
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{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
},
{
"display_name": "Optics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830"
}
] |
[
"Turkey"
] |
[
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"https://openalex.org/W2134080423",
"https://openalex.org/W2139767015",
"https://openalex.org/W2163950125",
"https://openalex.org/W2276749279",
"https://openalex.org/W2401765244",
"https://openalex.org/W2408665038"
] |
https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148676048
|
In general, tuberculosis (Tb) is rarely seen in allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) recipients, but this observation has been challenged in developing countries such as Turkey, where Tb infection is more prevalent than in Europe and the US. In this retrospective study, we report on the incidence of Tb infections in 351 alloSCT recipients at 4 bone marrow transplantation units in Turkey over the last 10 years. The frequency of Tb in alloSCT recipients after allografting (5 of 351) was far greater than that in the general population (35.4 per 100,000). Of the 351 patients who underwent alloSCT, 77 who received isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis for 6 months did not develop posttransplantation Tb. However, 5 of the remaining 274 patients who received no chemoprophylaxis developed Tb a median of 12 months (range, 10-47 months) after allografting. Antituberculosis therapy resulted in complete recovery in all cases. In 2 additional patients who were found to have active pulmonary Tb at the time of transplantation, alloSCT was delayed until the infections were treated. Infections of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis were not observed. The number of patients who received and tolerated INH may not be sufficient for firm conclusions, but the data suggest that, in countries where Tb is prevalent, pre- and posttransplantation follow-up for Tb and the use of INH prophylaxis should be considered.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S59987174",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "PubMed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
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