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http://geology.com/articles/volcanic-ash.shtml | Home Volcanoes » Volcanic Ash - Volcanic Dust Volcanic Ash A volcanic hazard that is often underestimated in its geographic reach and impact . Article by : Hobart M . King , Ph . D . , RPG Volcanic ash plume from Cleveland Volcano , located on Chuginadak Island in the Aleutian Island Chain off Alaska . NASA image taken by Jeff Williams , Flight Engineer , from the International Space Station . Larger image What is Volcanic Ash ? Volcanic ash consists of powder - size to sand - size particles of igneous rock material that have been blown into the air by an erupting volcano . The term is used for the material while it is in the air , after it falls to the ground , and sometimes after it has been lithified into rock . The terms " volcanic dust " and " volcanic ash " are both used for the same material ; however , " volcanic dust " is more appropriately used for powder - size material . Volcanic ash from Mount St . Helens , 1980 eruption . USGS image , D.E. Wieprecht . Larger image Tephra / Pyroclastic Terminology Particle Name Particle Size Blocks / Bombs over 64 mm ( 2.5 inches ) Lapilli under 64 mm ( 2.5 inches ) Volcanic Ash under 2 mm ( .079 inches ) Volcanic Dust ( Fine Volcanic Ash ) under 0.063 mm ( 0.0025 inches ) " Tephra " and " pyroclastics " are general terms used in reference to particles of igneous rock material of various sizes that have been ejected from volcanoes . They are classified by size . The terms " ash " and " dust " communicate a specific size of tephra or pyroclastic particles . These are summarized in the table above . Volcanic ash particle viewed with a scanning electron microscope . USGS image by A.M. Sarna - Wojcicki . Properties of Volcanic Ash At first glance , volcanic ash looks like a soft , harmless powder . Instead , volcanic ash is a rock material with a hardness of about 5 + on the Mohs Hardness Scale . It is composed of irregularly - shaped particles with sharp , jagged edges ( see microscopic view ) . Combine the high hardness with the irregular particle shape , and volcanic ash can be an abrasive material . This gives these tiny particles the ability to damage aircraft windows , be an eye irritant , cause unusual wear on moving parts of equipment that they come in contact with , and cause many other problems discussed below in the " Impact of Volcanic Ash " section . Volcanic ash particles are very small in size and have a vesicular structure with numerous cavities . This gives them a relatively low density for a rock material . This low density , combined with the very small particle size , allows volcanic ash to be carried high into the atmosphere by an eruption and carried long distances by the wind . Volcanic ash can cause problems a long distance from the erupting volcano . Volcanic ash particles are insoluble in water . When they become wet , they form a slurry or a mud that can make highways and runways slick . Wet volcanic ash can dry into a solid , concrete - like mass . This enables it to plug storm sewers and stick in the fur of animals that are in the open when ash falls at the same time as rain . Volcanic ash column : Eruption column of Mount St . Helens on May 18 , 1980 . This explosive release produced a hot column of rising tephra , volcanic gases and entrained air that rose to an altitude of 22 kilometers in less than ten minutes . Strong prevailing winds carried the ash to the east at about 100 kilometers per hour . In less than four hours , ash was falling on the city of Spokane about 400 kilometers away , and two weeks later the eruption cloud had encircled the earth . USGS image by A . Post . Ash Eruptions and Ash Columns Some magmas contain enormous amounts of dissolved gas under very high pressures . When an eruption occurs , the confining pressure on these gases is suddenly released and they expand rapidly , rushing from the volcanic vent and carrying small bits of magma with them . Groundwater near a magma chamber can be flashed into steam with the same result . These are the source of ash particles for some eruptions . The enormous quantity of hot , escaping , expanding gas rushing from the vent can drive an eruption column of ash and hot gases high into the air The accompanying image shows a portion of the ash column produced by the May , 1980 eruption of Mount St . Helens . In that eruption , the explosive release of hot volcanic gases into the atmosphere produced a column of rising tephra , volcanic gases and entrained air that rose to an altitude of 22 kilometers in less than ten minutes . Then , strong prevailing winds carried the ash to the east at about 100 kilometers per hour . In less than four hours , ash was falling on the city of Spokane about 400 kilometers away from The Mount St . Helens eruption was exceptional in its size and intensity . A more typical ash release is shown in the image at the top of this page . In that image , Cleveland Volcano , located on Chuginadak Island in the Aleutian Island Chain of Alaska , releases a small ash plume that within minutes detaches from the volcano and is carried away by the wind . Volcanic ashfall map : Map showing the geographic distribution within the United States of ash fallout from the May 18 , 1980 eruption of Mount St . Helens . USGS image . Larger map Ash thickness : Ashfall deposits are generally thick and coarse in particle size near the volcano . However , at distance the deposit gets thinner and finer . Ash plume : A long plume of ash from Chaitén Volcano in southern Chile is blown across the continent . Ash Plumes , Ashfalls and Ash Fields Once ash is released into the air by a volcano , the wind has an opportunity to move it . This movement , along with air turbulence , work to distribute the suspended ash over a broad area . These clouds of ash being moved by the wind are known as ash plumes . An image below shows an ash plume produced by the eruption of Chaitén Volcano in southern Chile on May 3 , 2008 . This plume begins in Chile , crosses Argentina and extends hundreds of kilometers out over the Atlantic Ocean , spreading out as it As an ash plume moves away from the volcanic vent , it no longer has the rush of escaping gases to support it . The unsupported ash particles begin to fall out . The largest ash particles fall out first and the smaller particles remain suspended longer . This can produce an ashfall deposit on the ground below the ash plume . These ashfall deposits are generally thickest near the vent and thin with distance . A map showing the ash distribution from the May 18 , 1980 eruption of Mount St . Helens is shown on this page . An ash field is a geographic area where the ground has been blanketed by the fallout of an ash plume . An image below shows an ash field east of Chaitén Volcano in southern Chile from May , 2008 . The white groundcover of ash can clearly be seen . Ash field : An ash field east of Chaitén Volcano from May , 2008 . The Impact of Volcanic Ash Volcanic ash presents numerous hazards to people , property , machinery , communities and the environment . Several of these are detailed below . Impact on Human Health : People exposed to falling ash or living in the dusty environment after an ash fall can suffer a number of problems . Respiratory problems include nose and throat irritation , coughing , bronchitis - like illness and discomfort while breathing . These can be reduced with the use of high - efficiency dust masks , but exposure to the ash should be avoided if possible . Long - term problems might include the development of a disease known as " silicosis " if the ash has a significant silica content . The U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health recommends specific types of masks for those exposed to volcanic ash . Anyone who already suffers from problems such as bronchitis , emphysema , or asthma should avoid exposure . Dry volcanic ash can stick to a moist human eye , and the tiny ash particles quickly cause eye irritation . This problem is most severe among people who wear contact lenses . Some skin irritation is reported by people in ashfall areas ; however , the number of cases and their severity are low . Novarupta ashfall : Satellite image of the landscape around Novarupta Volcano with ashfall contours and pyroclastic flow area of the 1912 eruption shown as colored lines . Satellite image by J . Allen ( NASA ) using data from University of Maryland ' s Global Land Cover Facility . Cartography by B . Cole , Geology . com . Impact on Agriculture : Livestock suffer the same eye and respiratory problems that were described above for humans . Animals that feed by grazing could become unable to eat if the ash covers their food source . Those who eat from an ash - covered food source often suffer from a number of illnesses . Farmers in ashfall areas may need to provide supplementary feed to their animals , evacuate them , or send them to early slaughter . An ashfall of just a few millimeters usually does not cause severe damage to pastures and crops . However , thicker ash accumulations can damage or kill plants and pasture . Thick accumulations can damage the soil by killing microphytes and blocking the entry of oxygen and water . This can result in a sterile soil condition . Volcanic ashfall damage : Buildings damaged by a wet ashfall . USGS image . Volcanic ash : USGS video explaining the impact of volcanic ash on air traffic . Impact on Buildings : Dry ash weighs about ten times the density of fresh snow . A thick ashfall on the roof of a building can overload it and cause it to collapse ( see image ) . Most buildings are not designed to support this additional weight . Immediately after a heavy ashfall , one of the priority jobs is clearing the ash from the roofs of buildings . If rain falls before the ash is removed , it can be absorbed by the ash and increase the weight . Wet ash can have a density of twenty times that of fresh snow . Volcanic ash can fill the gutters on a building and clog the downspouts . The ash alone can be very heavy , and if it becomes wet from rain , the weight will often pull gutters from houses . Ash in combination with water can be corrosive to metal roofing materials . Wet ash is also a conductor , and when accumulated around the external electrical elements of a building , it can lead to serious injury or damage . Air conditioners and air - handling systems can fail or be damaged if their filters are clogged or their vents are covered by volcanic ash . Moving parts on equipment can be worn rapidly if abrasive ash gets between them . Impact on Appliances : Fine ash and dust can infiltrate into buildings and cause problems with appliances . The abrasive ash can produce unusual wear on the moving parts within electric motors . Vacuum cleaners , furnaces , and computer systems are especially vulnerable because they process lots of air . Darkness due to volcanic ashfall : Ash in the air can block sunlight and make areas beneath an ash plume dark in the middle of the day . Soufriere Hills volcano , image from 1997 . USGS image . Impact on Communications : Volcanic ash can have an electrical charge that interferes with radio waves and other broadcasts transmitted through the air . Radio , telephone , and GPS equipment may not be able to send or receive signals with an erupting volcano nearby . The ash can also damage physical facilities such as the wires , towers , buildings and equipment needed to support communications . Impact on Power Generating Facilities : Volcanic ash can cause a shutdown of power generating facilities . These facilities are sometimes turned off to avoid damage from the ash . They can remain down until the ash has been removed . This protects essential equipment from failure but disrupts power service for millions of people . Volcanic ash on cars at Clark Air Base in the Philippines after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo . This parking lot is about 25 kilometers east of the eruption and received about 9 centimeters of ash . USGS image by R.P. Hoblitt . Impact on Ground Transportation : The initial impact upon transportation is a limit on visibility . The ash fills the air and blocks sunlight . It can be as dark as night in the middle of the day . The ash also covers road markings . Just one millimeter of ash can obscure the center and baselines of a highway . Another impact is on cars . They process enormous amounts of air which will contain volcanic dust and ash . This initially gets captured by the air filter , but it can quickly be overwhelmed . Then abrasive dust goes into the engine to damage carefully machined parts and clog tiny openings . Volcanic ash accumulates on the windshields of cars , creating a need to use the wipers . If the wipers are used , the abrasive ash between the windshield and the wipers can scratch the window , sometimes producing a frosted surface that is impossible to see through . Volcanic dust and ash covering the roads can result in a loss of traction . If the roads get wet , the dry ash turns into a very slippery mud . Roads and streets must be shoveled as if a snow that does not melt has fallen . Ashfall layers in the Philippines : A ) Section on the Santo Tomas River bridge north of San Narciso , Zambales ; 32 km west - southwest of vent . Layer A is 8 mm of sand - sized ash ; layer B is 4 mm of mostly fine ash . Note weak normal grading of layer C and scattered coarse clasts on surface of deposit . B ) Tephra - fall deposits on unimproved road along the Marella River 10.5 km southwest of vent . Layer A , about 4 cm thick , consists of coarse ash and fine lapilli ; layer B consists of several thin layers of ash ; layer C is 33 cm thick and is the thickest section of the climactic pumice - fall deposit yet found . Note normal grading overall , but 2 - cm pumice lapillus in upper left . Layer D consists of two 3 - to 4 - cm - thick beds of fine ash separated by C ) Tephra deposits on unimproved road about 9 km southeast of vent , north side of Gumain River . Layer B is 23 cm thick and consists of numerous graded ash beds ; layer C is 31 cm thick and has two zones in lower part with minor fine ash coatings . D ) Section at mouth of Pasig River canyon about 15 km east of vent . Layer B is 10 cm thick and layer C is about 18 cm thick ; note ash - rich zones that stand out owing to increased cohesiveness . USGS Images by W.E. Scott and J.J. Major . Impact on Air Transportation : Modern jet engines process enormous amounts of air . They pull air into the front of the engine and exhaust it out the back . If volcanic ash is pulled into a jet engine , it can be heated to temperatures that are higher than the melting temperature of the ash . The ash can melt in the engine , and the soft sticky product can adhere to the inside of the engine . This restricts airflow through the engine and adds weight to the plane . Volcanic ash has led to engine failure on a few planes . Fortunately the pilots were able to land safely with their remaining engines . Today , volcanoes are monitored for signs of eruption , and planes are routed around areas that might contain airborne ash . Volcanic ash suspended in the air can have an abrasive effect on planes flying through it at hundreds of kilometers per hour . At these speeds , ash particles impacting the windshield can sandblast the surface into a frosted finish that obscures the pilot ' s view . The sandblasting can also remove paint and pit metal on the nose and on the leading edges of wings and navigation equipment . At airports the same problems are encountered with runways as are seen on roads . The markings on runways can be covered with ash . Planes can lose traction upon landing and take - off . And , the ash must be removed before operations return to normal . The International Civil Aviation Organization recognized the need to keep pilots and air traffic controllers informed of volcanic hazards . To do that they worked with government agencies to establish several Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers . These centers monitor volcanic activity and report on ash plumes within their monitoring area . Impact on Water Supply Systems : Water supply systems can be impacted by ashfalls . Where a community utilizes an open water supply such as a river , reservoir or lake , the fallen ash will become a suspended material in the water supply which must be filtered out before use . Processing water with suspended abrasive ash can be damaging to pumps and filtration equipment . The ash can also cause temporary changes in the chemistry of the water . Ash in contact with water can lower the pH and increase the concentration of ions leached from the ash material . These include : Cl , SO 4 , Na , Ca , K , Mg , F , and many others . More Information Geology . com Article : Novarupta : The most powerful volcanic eruption of the 20th century United States Geological Survey : Volcanic Ash Impacts & Mitigation NASA Earth Observatory : Various articles and images related to volcanic activity United States Geological Survey : Types and Effects of Volcano Hazards Tephra Falls of the 1991 Eruptions of Mount Pinatubo Impact on Waste Water Systems : Ash falling on city streets will immediately enter the storm sewer system . If ash - laden sewer water is processed , the suspended ash can overload equipment and filters and cause damage to pumps and valves . It also becomes a disposal problem . Mud or slurry of ash can harden into a material similar to concrete . Planning for Volcanic Ash Communities located near or downwind of volcanoes with a potential of producing ash eruptions should consider the potential impact of volcanic ash and plan for ways to deal with it and minimize its impact . It is much easier to become educated about a problem and take action in advance than it is to face an enormous problem without warning . More Volcanoes Mount Etna Yellowstone Supervolcano Mount St . Helens - 30 Years Blue Flames Mount Vesuvius Mount Rainier Solar System Volcanoes Igneous Rocks Rocks : Galleries of igneous , sedimentary and metamorphic rock photos with descriptions . Minerals : Information about ore minerals , gem materials and rock - forming minerals . Volcanoes : Articles about volcanoes , volcanic hazards and eruptions past and present . Gemstones : Colorful images and articles about diamonds and colored stones . General Geology : Articles about geysers , maars , deltas , rifts , salt domes , water , and much more ! Geology Store : Hammers , field bags , hand lenses , maps , books , hardness picks , gold pans . Earth Science Records : Highest mountain , deepest lake , biggest tsunami and more . Diamonds : Learn about the properties of diamond , its many uses , and diamond discoveries . | [
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http://geology.com/below-sea-level/ | Home Records » Land Below Sea Level Land Below Sea Level By David K . Lynch , Thule Scientific The Dead Sea is located in a deep valley at the transform boundary between the African and Arabia Plates ( shown as a black line on the map above ) . At over 400 meters below sea level , it is the land area with the lowest elevation . The motions of the African and Arabian Plates , combined with the motion of shear - zone faulting has resulted in the formation of the deep Dead Sea Depression . Image by the United States Geological Survey . Introduction : Dozens of land areas of the Earth sit below current sea level . The lowest land area is the shoreline of the Dead Sea Depression in Israel , Jordan and Syria . It is approximately 413 meters or 1355 feet below sea level . The largest below - sea - level depression by surface area is the Caspian Depression of Kazakhstan and Russia . It has an area of approximately 200,000 square kilometers or 77,000 square miles of land below sea level . The ten lowest areas on Earth are listed below . We also have a list of 33 countries where land below sea level occurs . Lowest Land Below Sea Level : World map showing the locations of Earth ' s ten depressions with the lowest dry land . Earth ' s Ten Depressions with the Lowest Dry Land : Dead Sea Depression ( Israel , Jordan , Syria ) Lake Assal ( Djibouti ) Turfan Depression ( China ) Qattara Depression ( Egypt ) Karagiye Depression ( Kazakhstan ) Denakil Depression ( Ethiopia ) San Julían ' s Great Depression ( Argentina ) Death Valley ( USA ) Akdzhakaya Depression ( Turkmenistan ) Salton Trough ( USA , Mexico ) What Causes Most Below - Sea - Level Depressions ? Most major depressions are associated with tectonic plate boundaries . They form when converging plates deform or when spreading centers open . A few are volcanic in origin . Most of these depressions are in the northern hemisphere for a good reason : this is where most of the land is and where most of the plate boundaries occur . Many are found in the vicinity of where the African , Arabian and Eurasian plates meet . Most are found in hot desert regions of the planet where high evaporation rates prevent them from filling with water . A few Many well - populated places in the world are below sea level . About a third of the Netherlands including Schiphol Airport is below sea level . So too are the Jordan River and parts of many coastal cities including New Orleans and Bangkok . Other regions below sea level are the Enriquillo - Cul de Sac Depression ( Hispaniola ) , Chott Melrhir Depression ( Algeria ) , Sebkhet Shunayn and Sabkhat Ghuzayyil ( Libya ) , Shatt al Gharsah ( Tunisia ) , Lammefjord ( Denmark ) , Sebkha Tah ( Morocco ) , Hachiro - gata ( 33 have land below sea level . Most of these are only a few meters down . Most land that is below sea level is located in an area with a very dry climate . The dry climate offers very little rain and very high evaporation . This excess of evaporation over precipitation prevents the depression from filling with water . The photo above shows salt deposits of the Dead Sea - a product of high evaporation rate . Image copyright iStockphoto / Steven Allan . Some below - sea - level depressions are dry , most others have salt lakes . The lakes are undrained , which means water flows in but does not flow out . Since water can not flow up hill , the lakes can not empty into the sea like most do and so they accumulate salt as their waters evaporate . Where does the salt originate ? Some of it comes from ancient sea floor salt deposits that have been uplifted then weather and release the salt which reaches the depressions via rivers . Many other rocks weather to yield Owing to variations in rainfall , evaporation rates , and human water use , most of the lake levels fluctuate from year to year . Some have come and gone in historic times . The present Salton Sea was produced by a canal construction accident in 1905 , though the lake has come and gone naturally many times in the last thousand years . New Orleans is a city below sea level . It is protected from flooding by seawalls and an extensive groundwater pumping system . NASA Landsat image composed by Angela King . The lowest exposed land on Earth is at the Dead Sea shore , at - 413 meters . The deepest lake bottom in a below - sea - level depression also belongs to the Dead Sea at - 750 meters . Lake Baikal in Russia is at an elevation of 447 meters , but with a maximum depth of 1637 meters , its bottom lies at - 1190 meters . The Bentley Subglacial Trench in Antarctica reaches 2555 meters below sea level . It is the lowest point on Earth that is not covered by ocean , although it is covered by ice . The trench is huge , roughly the size of Mexico . The deepest point on the ocean floors is - 10,916 meters in the Mariana Trench . Trenches are the upper most parts of subduction zones and there are dozens of trench locations that are more than 5000 meters below sea level . Strictly speaking , most of the surface of the Earth is below sea level because oceans cover 71 % of the planet . But sea level varies and during the Great Ice Age 18,000 years ago , sea level was 130 meters lower . Today , large areas are under water that during the Great Ice Age were well above sea level . It is also likely that long ago and far into the future , plate tectonics will produce higher mountains and deeper trenches and depressions than we have today . The Ten Depressions with the Lowest Dry Land 1 ) Dead Sea Depression - The lowest point on Earth Elevation : 413 meters below sea level ( approximate and fluctuating ) Country : Israel , Jordan , Syria Latitude / Longitude : 31 ° 32 ′ N 35 ° 29 ′ E The Dead Sea Depression is an extensive area of land that is below sea level . It contains the Dead Sea , the Sea of Galilee , a portion of the Jordan River , large areas of cultivated land and many communities . The shoreline of the Dead Sea is the lowest dry land on Earth . It is approximately 413 meters below sea level . However , this elevation is constantly changing . The surface of the Dead Sea rises and falls as precipitation , evaporation , irrigation , salt production and other natural and human activities consume the 2 ) Lake Assal ( in the Afar Depression ) Elevation : 155 meters below sea level ( approximate and fluctuating ) Country : Djibouti Latitude / Longitude : 11 ° 39 ′ N 42 ° 25 ′ E The shoreline of Lake Assal is the lowest point in Africa and the second lowest location on Earth . Lake Assal is located in the Afar Depression which is formed at a triple junction of tectonic plates ( Indian , African and Arabian ) . The relative motion of these plates produces a divergence that results in a lowering of Earth ' s surface . Lake Assal ' s water emerges from springs which are believed to be fed by groundwater flow from the Gulf of Tadjoura . This water evaporates rapidly because the climate there is one of the 3 ) Turfan Depression Elevation : 154 meters below sea level ( approximate and fluctuating ) Country : China Latitude / Longitude : 42 ° 40 ′ N 89 ° 14 ′ E The Turfan Basin is a below sea level area in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of western China . The lowest part of the basin is occupied by Aydingkol Lake . The shoreline of Aydingkol Lake is the third lowest location on Earth . The area is very hot and very dry ( it is referred to as one of the " Furnaces of China " ) and the potential for evaporation far exceeds the amount of annual precipitation . ( The shoreline of Aydingkol Lake and the shoreline of Lake Assal are very close to the same elevation and they 4 ) Qattara Depression Elevation : 133 meters below sea level ( approximate ) Country : Egypt Latitude / Longitude : 29 ° 32 ′ N 27 ° 07 ′ E The Qattara Depression is located in the Libyan Desert of northwestern Egypt . At 133 meters below sea level it is the second lowest point in Africa . The depression has no settlements and other than nomadic herders it supports no commercial activity . 5 ) Karagiye Depression Elevation : 132 meters below sea level ( approximate ) Country : Kazakhstan Latitude / Longitude : 43 ° 27 ′ N 51 ° 45 ′ E The Karagiye Depression is located in southwestern Kazakhstan . It has an elevation of approximately 132 meters below sea level . 6 ) Denakil Depression ( in the Afar Depression ) Elevation : 125 meters below sea level Country : Ethiopia Latitude / Longitude : 13 ° 16 ′ N 40 ° 54 ′ E The Denakil Depression is a low area within the Afar Depression of Ethiopia . The Afar Depression is formed at a triple junction of tectonic plates ( Indian , African and Arabian ) . The relative motions of the plates produce a divergence that results in the Denakil Depression . 7 ) San Julían ' s Great Depression Elevation : 105 meters below sea level Country : Argentina Latitude / Longitude : 49 ° 35 ′ S 68 ° 20 ′ W San Julian ' s Great Depression is located in southeastern Argentina . It is the lowest land location in both the Western and Southern Hemispheres . The deepest part is Laguna del Carbón , at approximately 105 meters below sea level . The area has abundant salt marshes . 8 ) Death Valley Elevation : 86 meters below sea level Country : USA Latitude / Longitude : 36 ° 51 ′ N 117 ° 17 ′ W Death Valley is the location of the lowest land elevation in the United States . It is a north - south trending valley between the Amargosa Range on the east and the Panamint Range on the west . Death Valley is part of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province where north - south trending valleys are bounded on both sides by normal faults . The north and south ends of the valley are formed by the Sylvania Mountains and the Owlshead Mountains . The valley is one of the hottest locations in the United States . The record high temperature 9 ) Akdzhakaya Depression Elevation : 81 meters below sea level Country : Turkmenistan Latitude / Longitude : 41 ° 02 ′ N 58 ° 18 ′ E The Akdzhakaya Depression is located in north central Turkmenistan . It is a very arid area located in the Karakum Desert . 10 ) Salton Trough Elevation : 69 meters below sea level Country : USA , Mexico Latitude / Longitude : 33 ° 19 ′ N 115 ° 50 ′ W The Salton Trough is the second lowest depression in the United States . The lowest land in the Salton Trough is along the shoreline of the Salton Sea . The lake level is approximately 69 meters below sea level ; however , the lake rises and falls in response to runoff from the New , Whitewater and Alamo Rivers plus some agricultural runoff . The bottom of the Salton Sea is about two meters higher than the bottom of Death Valley . * The elevations listed are approximate . For many of these depressions the lowest point is the shoreline of a lake where water levels rise and fall in elevation in response to rainfall , evaporation , use of water by humans and many other factors . CIA Factbook . Thirty - Three Countries with Land Areas Below Sea Level Country Below Sea Level Location Elevation Israel Dead Sea shoreline 408 meters below sea level Jordan Dead Sea shoreline 408 meters below sea level Syria unnamed location near Lake Tiberias 200 meters below sea level Djibouti Lac Assal shoreline 155 meters below sea level China Turpan Pendi 154 meters below sea level Egypt Qattara Depression 133 meters below sea level Kazakhstan Vpadina Kaundy 132 meters below sea level Ethiopia Denakil Depression 125 meters below sea level Argentina Laguna del Carbon 105 meters below sea level United States Death Valley 86 meters below sea level Eritrea near Kulul within the Denakil Depression 75 meters below sea level Morocco Sebkha Tah 55 meters below sea level Western Sahara Sebjet Tah 55 meters below sea level Libya Sabkhat Ghuzayyil 47 meters below sea level Dominican Republic Lago Enriquillo 46 meters below sea level Algeria Chott Melrhir 40 meters below sea level Azerbaijan Caspian Sea shoreline 28 meters below sea level Iran Caspian Sea shoreline 28 meters below sea level Russia Tunisia Shatt al Gharsah 17 meters below sea level Australia Lake Eyre 15 meters below sea level Uzbekistan Sariqarnish Kuli 12 meters below sea level Mexico Laguna Salada 10 meters below sea level Denmark Lammefjord 7 meters below sea level Netherlands Zuidplaspolder 7 meters below sea level Mauritania Sebkhet Te - n - Dghamcha 5 meters below sea level Japan Hachiro - gata 4 meters below sea level United Kingdom The Fens 4 meters below sea level Germany Neuendorf bei Wilster 3.54 meters below sea level Sweden reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon , near Kristianstad 2.41 meters below sea level France Rhone River delta 2 meters below sea level Poland near Raczki Elblaskie 2 meters below sea level Suriname unnamed location in the coastal plain * The elevations listed are approximate . For many of these depressions the lowest point is the shoreline of a lake where water levels rise and fall in elevation in response to rainfall , evaporation , use of water by humans and many other factors . CIA Factbook . David K . Lynch , PhD , is an astronomer and planetary scientist living in Topanga , CA . When not hanging around the San Andreas Fault or using the large telescopes on Mauna Kea , he plays fiddle , collects rattlesnakes , gives public lectures on rainbows and writes books ( Color and Light in Nature , Cambridge University Press ) and essays . Dr . Lynch ' s latest book is the Field Guide to the San Andreas Fault . The book contains twelve one - day driving trips along different parts of the fault , and includes mile - by - mile road logs and GPS coordinates for hundreds of fault features . As it happens , Dave ' s house was destroyed in 1994 by the magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake . More Earth Extremes Tallest Mountain Largest Man - Made Islands Largest Tsunami World * s Largest Diamonds Tallest Waterfall Deepest Lake in the World Largest Earthquake The Most Explosive Eruption Rocks : Galleries of igneous , sedimentary and metamorphic rock photos with descriptions . Minerals : Information about ore minerals , gem materials and rock - forming minerals . Volcanoes : Articles about volcanoes , volcanic hazards and eruptions past and present . Gemstones : Colorful images and articles about diamonds and colored stones . General Geology : Articles about geysers , maars , deltas , rifts , salt domes , water , and much more ! Geology Store : Hammers , field bags , hand lenses , maps , books , hardness picks , gold pans . Earth Science Records : Highest mountain , deepest lake , biggest tsunami and more . Diamonds : Learn about the properties of diamond , its many uses , and diamond discoveries . | [
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http://geology.com/county-map/arizona.shtml | Home US Maps Arizona » County Map Arizona County Map with County Seat Cities County Maps for Neighboring States : California Colorado Nevada New Mexico Utah Arizona on a USA Wall Map Arizona Delorme Atlas Arizona on Google Earth The map above is a Landsat satellite image of Arizona with County boundaries superimposed . We have a more detailed satellite image of Arizona without County boundaries . Arizona Counties and County Seats Apache County - St . Johns Cochise County - Bisbee Coconino County - Flagstaff Gila County - Globe Graham County - Safford Greenlee County - Clifton La Paz County - Parker Maricopa County - Phoenix Mohave County - Kingman Navajo County - Holbrook Pima County - Tucson Pinal County - Florence Santa Cruz County - Nogales Yavapai County - Prescott Yuma County - Yuma Copyright information : The maps on this page were composed by Brad Cole of Geology . com . If you want to share these maps with others please link to this page . These maps are property of Geology . com and may not be used beyond our websites . They were created using data licensed from and copyright by Map Resources . | [
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http://geology.com/county-map/oregon.shtml | Home US Maps Oregon » County Map Oregon County Map with County Seat Cities County Maps for Neighboring States : California Idaho Nevada Washington Oregon on a USA Wall Map Oregon Delorme Atlas Oregon on Google Earth The map above is a Landsat satellite image of Oregon with County boundaries superimposed . We have a more detailed satellite image of Oregon without County boundaries . Oregon Counties and County Seats Baker County - Baker City Benton County - Corvallis Clackamas County - Oregon City Clatsop County - Astoria Columbia County - St . Helens Coos County - Coquille Crook County - Prineville Curry County - Gold Beach Deschutes County - Bend Douglas County - Roseburg Gilliam County - Condon Grant County - Canyon City Harney County - Burns Hood River County - Hood River Jackson County - Medford Jefferson County - Madras Josephine County - Grants Pass Klamath County - Klamath Falls Lake County - Lakeview Lane County - Eugene Lincoln County - Newport Linn County - Albany Malheur County - Vale Marion County - Salem Morrow County - Heppner Multnomah County - Portland Polk County - Dallas Sherman County - Moro Tillamook County - Tillamook Umatilla County - Pendleton Union County - La Grande Wallowa County - Enterprise Wasco County - The Dalles Washington County - Hillsboro Wheeler County - Fossil Yamhill County - McMinnville Copyright information : The maps on this page were composed by Brad Cole of Geology . com . If you want to share these maps with others please link to this page . These maps are property of Geology . com and may not be used beyond our websites . They were created using data licensed from and copyright by Map Resources . | [
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"Oregon"
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http://geology.com/minerals/streak-test.shtml | Home Minerals » Streak Test The Streak Test for Minerals Done by scraping the mineral across an unglazed porcelain streak plate . Article by : Hobart M . King , Ph . D . , RPG The Streak Test : Marks , known as " streaks , " are produced by scraping mineral specimens across unglazed porcelain plates . On the left , a specimen of pyrite has produced a black streak . On the right , a specimen of rhodochrosite has produced a white streak . Many minerals produce a white streak , and some geologists prefer using a black streak plate for these minerals because the mineral particles in the streak are easier to observe . This photo by Ra ' ike is used here under a GNU Free Document License . What is the Streak Test ? The " streak test " is a method used to determine the color of a mineral in powdered form . The color of a mineral ' s powder is often a very important property for identifying the mineral . The streak test is done by scraping a specimen of the mineral across a piece of unglazed porcelain known as a " streak plate . " This can produce a small amount of powdered mineral on the surface of the plate . The powder color of that mineral known as its " streak . " Streak Colors of Common Minerals Andalusite White or colorless ( hardness is about the same as the streak plate ) . Anhydrite White . Apatite White . Arsenopyrite Dark grayish black . Augite White to greenish gray . Augite can be splintery and close to the hardness of the streak plate , so brittle fragments , rather than a powder , will sometimes be produced . Azurite Light blue . Barite Bauxite White . Often discolored to pink , brown , or red by iron staining . Benitoite Beryl Colorless ( harder than the streak plate ) . Biotite White to gray ( do n ' t be deceived by flakes ) . Bornite Grayish black . Calcite Cassiterite Colorless . Chalcocite Grayish black . Chalcopyrite Greenish black . Chlorite Greenish to greenish - black to white . Chromite Dark brown . Chrysoberyl Colorless ( harder than the streak plate ) . Cinnabar Red . Clinozoisite Copper Metallic copper red . Cordierite Corundum Cuprite Brownish red . Diamond Diopside White to light green . Dolomite Enstatite White to gray . Epidote White or colorless ( about the same hardness as the streak plate ) . Euclase White or colorless ( when harder than the streak plate ) . Fluorite Fuchsite White ( often sheds tiny green mica flakes ) . Galena Lead gray to black . Garnet Glauconite Dull green . Gold Metallic gold yellow . Graphite Black . Gypsum Halite Hematite Red to reddish brown . Hornblende White . Brittle , often leaves black cleavage debris behind instead of a streak . Ilmenite Black . Jadeite Kyanite White or colorless ( about the same hardness as the streak plate in one direction ) . Limonite Yellowish brown . Magnesite Magnetite Malachite Green . Marcasite Grayish Black . Molybdenite Bluish gray , gray . Monazite Muscovite White , often sheds tiny cleavage flakes . Nepheline Nephrite Olivine White or colorless ( about the same hardness as the streak plate ) . Often sheds tiny granules instead of a powder . Orthoclase Plagioclase Prehnite Pyrite Greenish black to brownish black . Pyrophyllite Pyrrhotite Quartz Rhodochrosite Rhodonite Rutile Pale brown . Scapolite Serpentine Siderite White , very light brown . Sillimanite White or colorless ( about the same hardness as the streak plate ) . Silver Silvery white . Sodalite White or light blue . Sphalerite White to yellowish brown , often with an odor of sulfur . Spinel Spodumene Staurolite Sulfur Yellow . Sylvite Talc White to pale green . Titanite Topaz Tourmaline Colorless ( harder than the streak plate ) . Specimens often fracture , shedding small particles . Turquoise White , greenish , bluish . Uraninite Brownish black , grayish . Vanadinite Pale yellow to yellowish brown . Witherite Wollastonite Zircon Zoisite How to Conduct the Streak Test The streak test should be done on clean , unweathered , or freshly broken specimens of the mineral . This is done to reduce the possibility that a contaminant , weathered coating , or tarnish will influence the results of the test . The preferred method for conducting a streak test is to pick up a representative specimen of the mineral with the hand that you write with . Select a representative point or protrusion on the specimen that will be scraped across the streak plate . With your other hand , place the streak plate flat on a tabletop or laboratory bench . Then , while holding the streak plate flat and firmly in place on the tabletop , place the point of the specimen firmly against the streak plate , and , while maintaining firm pressure , drag the specimen across Do n ' t Be Wimpy ! The most common error made by people who are doing the streak test for the first time is to lightly rub the specimen back and forth on the surface of the streak plate . This will not produce a proper streak . Some mineral specimens are so hard that very firm pressure and determination are required to produce a mineral powder . Related : Mohs Hardness Testing Why Use the Streak Test ? The streak test is valuable because many minerals occur in a variety of apparent colors - but all specimens of that mineral share a similar streak color . For example : specimens of hematite can be black , red , brown , or silver in color and occur in a wide variety of habits ; however , all specimens of hematite produce a streak with a reddish color . This is a valuable test for hematite . It can be used to differentiate hematite from a large number of other opaque minerals with a high specific gravity and similar color and habit . Fluorite is another mineral where the apparent color can be different from the color of the streak . Specimens of fluorite can be green , yellow , purple , blue , or colorless . However , all specimens of fluorite have a white streak . Specimens of pyrite always have a brassy yellow color ; however , all specimens of pyrite produce a black streak . Related : The Acid Test Do n ' t Be Deceived ! A number of things can cause a streak test to give unreliable results . To avoid problems , keep the following items in mind . Always do the streak test using a surface of the specimen that has not been weathered . Many weathered specimens are coated with a layer of alteration products that have a different streak color . If you are in doubt and are permitted to break the specimen , testing on a freshly broken surface is a good idea . Repeat the test using two different parts of the specimen or two different pieces of the same material for confirmation . Contamination Alters Streak : This specimen of bauxite from Demerara , Guyana should have a white streak ; however , it has a pinkish streak because it is contaminated by iron - staining . The streak also varies depending upon what part of the specimen is tested . Specimen is approximately 4 inches ( 10 centimeters ) across . Be alert for contaminated specimens . For example : bauxite is sometimes contaminated with iron oxides that produce a streak that is not white in color . Some minerals are brittle or have a granular habit . When these are scraped across a streak plate , a trail of dislodged grains or broken pieces are produced instead of a powder . Rub the tip of your index finger across the streak plate to place a small amount of the mineral powder on your finger tip . Then rub the tip of your index finger against the tip of your thumb . A powder will have a smooth feel between your finger and thumb . Brittle fragments or granules will feel gritty . Streak color is determined from Streak plates usually have a Mohs hardness of between 6.5 and 7 . Many minerals are harder than the streak plate . Instead of leaving a powder behind when dragged across a streak plate , they will scratch the streak plate or fracture into small pieces . Minerals that are harder than the streak plate are said to have " no streak " or a " colorless streak . " If the results of your streak test seem inaccurate , be cautious . The streak test should be used as a " hint " leading to the identification of a mineral . Identification of a mineral should always be based upon observations of several different mineral properties . Refreshing Your Streak Plate Streak plates that have been used heavily will be covered with streaks and powdered mineral . They can easily be cleaned with water and a piece of wet or dry 220 grit sandpaper . Aluminum oxide or silicon carbide sandpaper works best because the granules are hard enough to smooth the surface of the streak plate . The sanding should be done wet to control dust . The best way to learn about minerals is to study with a collection of small specimens that you can handle , examine , and observe their properties . Inexpensive mineral collections are available in the Geology . com Store Other Uses for Streak Plates In addition to their use in doing the streak test , streak plates can be used any time you need a small amount of powdered mineral . In doing the acid test to distinguish calcite from dolomite , dolomite might require being powdered to show effervescence with dilute hydrochloric acid . Simply use the streak plate to make some powder of your specimen and add acid to it right on the streak plate . For this test , a black streak plate makes observation easier because powdered dolomite is white . A few minerals will produce an odor upon being broken or powdered . For example , sphalerite releases an odor of sulfur when it is broken or powdered . Scraping it across a streak plate is a convenient way to conduct this test . Hints to other mineral properties can be obtained while doing the streak test . Minerals harder than the streak plate are quickly identified . Experienced testers can estimate the hardness of a specimen by how difficult it is to mark the streak plate . Olivine often reveals its granular nature , augite often reveals its splintery cleavage , and black tourmaline often reveals its brittleness . When you do the streak test , look for more than the color of a specimen ' s powder . More Minerals Hardness Picks Rock and Mineral Kits Quartz Calcite Magnesite Corundum Diamonds Do Not Form From Coal Diamond Rocks : Galleries of igneous , sedimentary and metamorphic rock photos with descriptions . Minerals : Information about ore minerals , gem materials and rock - forming minerals . Volcanoes : Articles about volcanoes , volcanic hazards and eruptions past and present . Gemstones : Colorful images and articles about diamonds and colored stones . General Geology : Articles about geysers , maars , deltas , rifts , salt domes , water , and much more ! Geology Store : Hammers , field bags , hand lenses , maps , books , hardness picks , gold pans . Earth Science Records : Highest mountain , deepest lake , biggest tsunami and more . Diamonds : Learn about the properties of diamond , its many uses , and diamond discoveries . | [
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http://geology.com/noaa/indian-ocean-tsunami/ | Home Oceanography » Indian Ocean Tsunami Maps Indian Ocean Tsunami Maps Maps of Indian Ocean Tsunami Travel Times Maps composed by NOAA using Tsunami Travel Time Software Krakatau - August 27 , 1883 The explosion of the Krakatau Volcano in Indonesia on August 27 , 1883 , generated a 30 - meter tsunami in the Sunda Strait which killed about 36,000 people . It also caused an atmospheric pressure wave that was recorded on the tide gauges at remote locations including South Georgia Island , Panama , France , England , Alaska , Hawaii , and San Francisco . Due to the shadowing by continents and island groups , a direct tsunami could not have reached most of these locations . Atmospheric gravity waves occurred which may have excited water waves by transferring View larger map . Subduction Zone and Volcanic Blast Earthquakes Some of the world ' s most deadly tsunamis have been produced around the rim of the Indian Ocean . The December 26 , 2004 tsunami that killed over 250,000 people was produced by a subduction zone earthquake on the west coast of Sumatra , Indonesia . On August 27 , 1883 a blast at Krakatau Volcano in the Sunda Straight of Indonesia produced a tsunami that killed about 36,000 people . The maps on this page show approximate travel times for each of these tsunamis . Sumatra , Indonesia - December 26 , 2004 A magnitude 9.4 Mw earthquake occurred off the west coast of Sumatra , Indonesia , on December 26 , 2004 . It was the fourth - largest earthquake in the world since 1900 and the largest since the 1964 Prince William Sound , Alaska , earthquake . The earthquake generated a tsunami that caused more casualties than any other in recorded history . The tsunami was recorded nearly world - wide on tide gauges in the Indian , Pacific and Atlantic Oceans . In total , more than 283,100 people were killed , 14 , 1000 are still listed as Asia and East Africa . NOAA image . View larger map . More Oceanography How did the Hawaiian Islands Form ? Deepest Part of the Ocean What Causes a Tsunami ? Arctic Ocean Seafloor Map Geology Tools Loihi Seamount Sand Atlantic Ocean Tsunamis | [
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http://geology.com/rocks/coal.shtml | Home Rocks Sedimentary Rocks » Coal Coal What Is Coal and How Does It Form ? Article by : Hobart M . King , Ph . D . , RPG Bituminous Coal : Bituminous coal is typically a banded sedimentary rock . In this photo you can see bright and dull bands of coal material oriented horizontally across the specimen . The bright bands are well - preserved woody material , such as branches or stems . The dull bands can contain mineral material washed into the swamp by streams , charcoal produced by fires in the swamp , or degraded plant materials . This specimen is approximately three inches across ( 7.5 centimeters ) . Photo by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey . What is Coal ? Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials , usually in a swamp environment . Coal is a combustible rock and , along with oil and natural gas , it is one of the three most important fossil fuels . Coal has a wide range of uses ; the most important use is for the generation of electricity Coal - Forming Environments : A generalized diagram of a swamp , showing how water depth , preservation conditions , plant types , and plant productivity can vary in different parts of the swamp . These variations will yield different types of coal . Illustration by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey . Peat : A mass of recently accumulated to partially carbonized plant debris . This material is on its way to becoming coal , but its plant debris source is still easily recognizable . Rock & Mineral Kits : Get a rock , mineral , or fossil kit to learn more about Earth materials . The best way to learn about rocks is to have specimens available for testing and examination . How Does Coal Form ? Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris , usually in a swamp environment . When a plant dies and falls into the swamp , the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay . Swamp waters are usually deficient in oxygen , which would react with the plant debris and cause it to decay . This lack of oxygen allows the plant debris to persist . In addition , insects and other organisms that might consume the plant debris on land do not survive well under water in an oxygen - deficient environment . To form the thick layer of plant debris required to produce a coal seam , the rate of plant debris accumulation must be greater than the rate of decay . Once a thick layer of plant debris is formed , it must be buried by sediments such as mud or sand . These are typically washed into the swamp by a flooding river . The weight of these materials compacts the plant debris and aids in its transformation into coal . About ten feet of plant debris will compact into just one foot of coal . Plant debris accumulates very slowly . So , accumulating ten feet of plant debris will take a long time . The fifty feet of plant debris needed to make a five - foot thick coal seam would require thousands of years to accumulate . During that long time , the water level of the swamp must remain stable . If the water becomes too deep , the plants of the swamp will drown , and if the water cover is not maintained the plant debris will decay . To form a coal seam , the ideal conditions of perfect water If you are an astute reader you are probably wondering : " How can fifty feet of plant debris accumulate in water that is only a few feet deep ? " The answer to that question is the primary reason that the formation of a coal seam is a highly unusual occurrence . It can only occur under one of two conditions : 1 ) a rising water level that perfectly keeps pace with the rate of plant debris accumulation ; or , 2 ) a subsiding landscape that perfectly keeps pace with the rate of plant debris accumulation . For a coal seam to form , perfect conditions of plant debris accumulation and perfect conditions of subsidence must occur on a landscape that maintains this perfect balance for a very long time . It is easy to understand why the conditions for forming coal have occurred only a small number of times throughout Earth ' s history . The formation of a coal requires the coincidence of highly improbable events . Rank ( From Lowest to Highest ) Properties Peat A mass of recently accumulated to partially carbonized plant debris . Peat is an organic sediment . Burial , compaction , and coalification will transform it into coal , a rock . It has a carbon content of less than 60 % on a dry ash - free basis . Lignite Lignite is the lowest rank of coal . It is a peat that has been transformed into a rock , and that rock is a brown - black coal . Lignite sometimes contains recognizable plant structures . By definition it has a heating value of less than 8300 British Thermal Units per pound on a mineral - matter - free basis . It has a carbon content of between 60 and 70 % on a dry ash - free basis . In Europe Australia , and the UK , some low - level lignites are called " brown coal . " Sub Bituminous Sub bituminous coal is a lignite that has been subjected to an increased level of organic metamorphism . This metamorphism has driven off some of the oxygen and hydrogen in the coal . That loss produces coal with a higher carbon content ( 71 to 77 % on a dry ash - free basis ) . Sub bituminous coal has a heating value between 8300 and 13000 British Thermal Units per pound on a mineral - matter - free basis . On the basis of heating value , it is subdivided into sub bituminous A , sub bituminous B , Bituminous Bituminous is the most abundant rank of coal . It accounts for about 50 % of the coal produced in the United States . Bituminous coal is formed when a sub bituminous coal is subjected to increased levels of organic metamorphism . It has a carbon content of between 77 and 87 % on a dry ash - free basis and a heating value that is much higher than lignite or sub bituminous coal . On the basis of volatile content , bituminous coals are subdivided into low - volatile bituminous , medium - volatile bituminous , and high - Anthracite Anthracite is the highest rank of coal . Unlike other types of coal , it is usually considered to be a metamorphic rock . It has a carbon content of over 87 % on a dry ash - free basis . Anthracite coal generally has the highest heating value per ton on a mineral - matter - free basis . It is often subdivided into semi - anthracite , anthracite , and meta - anthracite on the basis of carbon content . Anthracite is often referred to as " hard coal " ; however , this is a layman ' Anthracite coal : Anthracite is the highest rank of coal . It has a bright luster and breaks with a semi - conchoidal fracture . What is Coal " Rank " ? Plant debris is a fragile material compared to the mineral materials that make up other rocks . As plant debris is exposed to the heat and pressure of burial , it changes in composition and properties . The " rank " of a coal is a measure of how much change has occurred . Sometimes the term " organic metamorphism " is used for this change . Based upon composition and properties , coals are assigned to a rank progression that corresponds to their level of organic metamorphism . The basic rank progression is summarized in the table here . Lignite : The lowest rank of coal is " lignite . " It is peat that has been compressed , dewatered , and lithified into a rock . It often contains recognizable plant structures . What are the Uses of Coal ? Electricity production is the primary use of coal in the United States . Most of the coal mined in the United States is transported to a power plant , crushed to a very small particle size , and burned . Heat from the burning coal is used to produce steam , which turns a generator to produce electricity . Most of the electricity consumed in the United States is made by burning coal . Coal - Fired Power Plant : Photo of a power plant where coal is burned to produce electricity . The three large stacks are cooling towers where water used in the electricity generation process is cooled before reuse or release to the environment . The emission streaming from the right - most stack is water vapor . The combustion products from burning the coal are released into the tall , thin stack on the right . Within that stack are a variety of chemical sorbents to absorb polluting gases produced during the combustion process . Image copyright iStockphoto / Michael Utech . Coal has many other uses . It is used as a source of heat for manufacturing processes . For example , bricks and cement are produced in kilns heated by the combustion of a jet of powdered coal . Coal is also used as a power source for factories . There it is used to heat steam , and the steam is used to drive mechanical devices . A few decades ago most coal was used for space heating . Some coal is still used that way , but other fuels and coal - produced electricity are now used instead Coke production remains an important use of coal . Coke is produced by heating coal under controlled conditions in the absence of air . This drives off some of the volatile materials and concentrates the carbon content . Coke is then used as a high - carbon fuel for metal processing and other uses where an especially hot - burning flame is needed . Coal is also used in manufacturing . If coal is heated the gases , tars , and residues produced can be used in a number of manufacturing processes . Plastics , roofing , linoleum , synthetic rubber , insecticides , paint products , medicines , solvents , and synthetic fibers all include some coal - derived compounds . Coal can also be converted into liquid and gaseous fuels ; however , these uses of coal are mainly experimental and done on a small scale . More Rocks Fluorescent Minerals Rock , Mineral and Fossil Collections . The Unsung Mineral Hero Rock Tumblers Geodes The Rock Used to Make Beer Tumbled Stones Hardness Picks Rocks : Galleries of igneous , sedimentary and metamorphic rock photos with descriptions . Minerals : Information about ore minerals , gem materials and rock - forming minerals . Volcanoes : Articles about volcanoes , volcanic hazards and eruptions past and present . Gemstones : Colorful images and articles about diamonds and colored stones . General Geology : Articles about geysers , maars , deltas , rifts , salt domes , water , and much more ! Geology Store : Hammers , field bags , hand lenses , maps , books , hardness picks , gold pans . Earth Science Records : Highest mountain , deepest lake , biggest tsunami and more . Diamonds : Learn about the properties of diamond , its many uses , and diamond discoveries . | [
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http://geology.com/usgs/loihi-seamount/ | Home Volcanoes » Loihi Seamount Loihi Seamount : The Next Volcanic Island in the Hawaiian Chain A submarine volcano is rising off the southeast coast of Hawaii Republished from Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes : USGS General Information Product 117 Hawaiian Islands Map : Map of the Hawaiian Islands showing the location of Lö ' ihi Seamount , off the southeast coast of Hawaii . USGS Image . A New Island in the Hawaiian Chain ? If the hot - spot theory is correct , the next volcano in the Hawaiian chain should form east or south of the Island of Hawai ' i . Abundant evidence indicates that such a new volcano exists at Lö ' ihi , a seamount ( or submarine peak ) located about 20 miles off the south coast . Lö ' ihi rises 10,100 feet above the ocean floor to within 3,100 feet of the water surface . Recent detailed mapping shows Lö ' ihi to be similar in form to Kïlauea and Mauna Loa . Its relatively flat summit apparently contains a caldera about 3 miles across ; two distinct ridges radiating from the summit are probably rift zones . Loihi Seamount : An active submarine volcano off the southern coast of the Big Island of Hawai ' i . Creative Commons image by Kmusser . Click to enlarge . Seafloor Observations Photographs taken by deep - sea cameras show that Lö ' ihi ' s summit area has fresh - appearing , coherent pillow - lava flows and talus blocks . Pillow - lava fragments dredged from Lö ' ihi have fresh glassy crusts , indicative of their recent formation . The exact ages of the sampled Lö ' ihi flows are not yet known , but certainly some can not be more than a few hundred years old . Pillow Basalt : Fresh pillow basalt on the northeast rim of Loihi Volcano , a submarine volcano located southeast of the Island of Hawaii . Photograph coverage is 10 by 14 meters . Public domain photograph by A . Malahoff , University of Hawaii , 1980 . Figure 6.8 - C , U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 1350 . Seafloor Seismic Activity In fact , since 1959 the HVO seismic network has recorded large earthquake swarms at Lö ' ihi during 1971 - 1972 , 1975 , 1984 - 1985 , 1990 - 1991 , and 1996 , suggesting major submarine eruptions or magma intrusions into the upper part of Lö ' ihi . The July - August 1996 swarm was by far the most energetic seismic activity at Lö ' ihi recorded to date , involving more than 4,200 earthquakes . Ninety - five of these earthquakes had magnitudes of 4.0 or larger , and three of these were felt onshore by residents of Hawai ' i ' s Ka ' ü District . The intense 1996 earthquake activity at Lö ' ihi launched two " rapid - response " expeditions in August - September by University of Hawai ' i scientists to conduct onsite observations of the activity . This included surface - ship bathymetric surveys and a series of manned - submersible dives to make closeup observations and collect lava samples . These rapid - response and followup studies indicated that part of Lö ' ihi ' s summit had collapsed to form a new pit crater ( called Pele ' s Pit ) , about 1,800 feet across and 900 feet Hawaii Offshore Earthquakes : A map showing the location of seismic activity off the coast of Hawaii . The summit crater of Lö ' ihi Volcano is near the center of the activity . Hydrothermal Activity Within this new crater , several new hydrothermal vents were observed , issuing the hottest waters ever measured at Lö ' ihi ( about 390 ° F ) . Also , the observations showed the deposition of large quantities of glassy sand and gravel . While not conclusive , dating of two samples of young lava flows by an experimental isotopic technique has been interpreted by some scientists to suggest at least one , possibly two eruptions slightly preceded the 1996 earthquake swarm . Thus , from the periodic earthquake swarms and associated changes in structure , Lö ' ihi Seismic data also indicate that the deepest earthquakes beneath Lö ' ihi merge with the deep earthquakes beneath neighboring Kïlauea . This downward convergence implies that Lö ' ihi , Kïlauea , and Mauna Loa all tap the same deep magma supply . The triangular zone defined by the summits of these three active volcanoes perhaps can be taken to lie over the postulated Hawaiian hot spot . The Next Island in the Hawaiian Chain ? Studies of Lö ' ihi provide a unique opportunity to decipher the youthful submarine stage in the formation and evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes . Scientists wonder when the still - growing Lö ' ihi will emerge above the surface of the Pacific to become Hawai ' i ' s newest volcano island . It will almost certainly take several tens of thousands of years , if the growth rate for Lö ' ihi is comparable to that of other Hawaiian volcanoes ( about 0.1 foot per year averaged over geologic time ) . It is also possible that Lö ' More Volcanoes Mount Etna Yellowstone Supervolcano Mount St . Helens - 30 Years Blue Flames Mount Vesuvius Mount Rainier Solar System Volcanoes Igneous Rocks Rocks : Galleries of igneous , sedimentary and metamorphic rock photos with descriptions . Minerals : Information about ore minerals , gem materials and rock - forming minerals . Volcanoes : Articles about volcanoes , volcanic hazards and eruptions past and present . Gemstones : Colorful images and articles about diamonds and colored stones . General Geology : Articles about geysers , maars , deltas , rifts , salt domes , water , and much more ! Geology Store : Hammers , field bags , hand lenses , maps , books , hardness picks , gold pans . Earth Science Records : Highest mountain , deepest lake , biggest tsunami and more . Diamonds : Learn about the properties of diamond , its many uses , and diamond discoveries . | [
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http://geology.com/volcanoes/redoubt/ | Home Volcanoes » Redoubt Volcano Redoubt Volcano - Alaska Article by Jessica Ball Redoubt : 1990 Eruption Cloud Eruption cloud from Redoubt Volcano as viewed from the Kenai Peninsula . The mushroom - shaped plume rose from avalanches of hot debris ( pyroclastic flows ) that cascaded down the north flank of the volcano . A smaller , white steam plume rises from the summit crater . Photograph by R . Clucas , April 21 , 1990 . Redoubt : Introduction Redoubt is a steep - sided stratovolcano located at the northeast end of the Aleutian volcanic arc . It is potentially one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Alaska . Built above the Aleutian subduction zone over the last 890,000 years , Redoubt is now heavily glaciated and boasts an ice - filled summit crater . Its last eruption was in 2009 . Renewed activity would pose a major risk to air traffic in the region around the volcano , and ash from an eruption could reach as far as the continental US . Simplified plate tectonics cross - section Simplified plate tectonics cross - section showing how Redoubt is located above a subduction zone formed where the Pacific and North America plates collide . The Pacific Plate is melting at depth to feed Redoubt ' s eruptions . For a more detailed view see Figure 1 in United States Geological Survey Open File Report 00 - 0365 : Eastern Aleutian Volcanic Arc Digital Model Map : Where is Redoubt ? Redoubt map : Map showing the location of Redoubt Volcano in Alaska . The thin line labeled A - B marks the location of the simplified plate tectonics cross - section shown below . Map by Geology . com and MapResources . Picture of Redoubt Volcano From Bear Lake Redoubt Volcano : Coring Bear Lake , about 35 kilometers ( 22 miles ) east of Redoubt Volcano ( background ) . Al Werner and Kristi Wallace of the Alaska Volcano Observatory are using a pontoon boat as a coring platform to recover volcanic ash erupted from Redoubt and other Aleutian Arc volcanoes . Photograph by Caleb Schiff , AVO / USGS . Redoubt : Plate Tectonic Setting Redoubt is a subduction zone volcano , deriving its magma from melt created when the Pacific plate dives beneath the North America plate . This subduction zone has created both the Aleutian Trench , about 270 miles to the southeast of the volcano , and the Aleutian volcanic arc , of which Redoubt is a part . Redoubt sits on continental crust over a Mesozoic granitic batholith . Isotopic data suggests that the volcano ' s magmas include melted rocks from the North America continental plate as well as the downgoing Pacific Plate and the melting mantle above it . Redoubt : Geology and Hazards Redoubt is a steep - sided stratovolcano that began forming about 890,000 years ago . The early stages of its growth were characterized by dacitic explosive eruptions , including pyroclastic flows and lava domes . Later cone - building eruptions , beginning about 340,000 years ago , became less silicic , producing basalt and basaltic andesite lava flows , scoria and ash flows . The latest cone - building stage saw Redoubt ' s chemistry becoming more silicic again , with andesite lava and block - and - ash flows and silicic andesite ash falls . Activity in the last 10,000 years has included a major collapse of the summit which resulted in a debris flow that reached the Cook Inlet , and clay - rich lahars that formed when hot material ( most likely ash and gas eruptions ) melted parts of the glaciers which cover Redoubt . Redoubt : 1989 Steam and Ash Eruption Redoubt steam and ash eruption : Aerial view , looking north , of Redoubt Volcano during a continuous , low - level eruption of steam and ash on December 18 , 1989 . Photograph by W . White , AVO / USGS . Redoubt ' s eruptions pose a direct hazard to aircraft , especially in the high - traffic flight paths that pass over the Aleutian volcanic arc . This hazard would be especially dangerous if Redoubt were to erupt , since volcanic ash that reaches the jet stream can be carried for hundreds or thousands of miles . Ash that enters a hot aircraft engine is quickly melted and resolidifies on moving engine parts as glass , which can cause the engine to flame out or shut down entirely . In 1990 , one aircraft that flew through a suspected eruption cloud from an Alaskan volcano experienced a shutdown of all of its engines , and its crew managed to restart them just in time to prevent a deadly crash . Redoubt is also capable of producing pyroclastic flows and surges , but aside from ash - related hazards , the next most pressing concern of a Redoubt eruption would be lahars . In 1990 , lahars initiated by hot erupted material reached the Cook Inlet in only a few hours , and completely shut down the Drift River Oil Terminal . Snow and Ice Filled Summit Crater Redoubt summit crater : Snow - and ice - filled summit crater of Redoubt Volcano . View from the northeast . The 1989 - 90 dome is completely covered and no anomalous holes or steaming were observed on this day . Photograph by Game McGimsey , AVO / USGS . Redoubt : Eruption History Redoubt has erupted explosively at least five times since Captain James Cook observed the volcano steaming in 1778 . The eruptions have all originated from a vent at the north end of the summit crater . The oldest historical eruption occurred in 1902 , when explosions were heard hundreds of kilometers away and extensive ashfall blanketed the Cook Inlet area . Explosive eruptions in the 1960s caused flooding and lahars from melting glaciers , and created ash plumes that reached 6 km in height . The last eruption of the 20th century began in December 1989 with a short period of intense seismicity and vent - clearing explosions that continued for more than five months . Activity included 23 ash - rich eruptions , pyroclastic and debris flows that entrained glacial ice and caused flooding up to 35 km downstream . The debris flows reached Cook Inlet and temporarily shut down the Drift River Oil Terminal . Lava flows in the crater built several lava domes which were later destroyed by explosions . One final dome grew before the eruption finally ceased in June 1990 . Map : Cook Inlet Volcanoes Cook Inlet Volcanoes : Map showing the location of selected volcanoes around Cook Inlet , Alaska . Map by Geology . com and MapResources . Did You Know ? - - Redoubt is not the only volcano which threatens aircraft and creates ash - related hazards . Areas where explosive volcanic eruptions are common , such as the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia , the islands of Indonesia and the Philippines , and the highlands of Central and South America , are constantly being monitored in order to prevent disastrous interaction between aircraft and volcanic clouds . - - A worldwide organization of Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers ( VAACs ) exists to monitor and issue warnings about ash and gas clouds created by volcanic eruptions . There are nine VAAC offices , including one in Anchorage , Alaska . They use visual , chemical and thermal satellite data as well as direct visual observations to identify dangerous ash clouds , and issue alerts to aviation control administrations around the world . Redoubt Volcano : One of the 2009 Eruptions Redoubt eruption : The most recent eruptive activity at Redoubt volcano began on March 22 , 2009 . There have been many explosive eruptions , ash has blanketed the landscape and floods have swept down the Drift River . In this image an eruption cloud drapes Redoubt and an ash - covered landscape . Photo by Game McGimsey , Alaska Volcano Observatory / U.S. Geological Survey . Lahar Deposits in the Drift River Valley Lahar deposits : Aerial photograph of the Drift River Valley shortly after a March , 2009 eruption . The dark areas are covered with mud delivered by lahars ( volcanic mudflows ) caused by melting glacial ice on the Redoubt summit . The Drift River Oil Terminal can be seen in this view . Fortunately the lahars did not wipe out the terminal , however they did wash over the protective berm in a few locations . Photo by Game McGimsey , Alaska Volcano Observatory / U.S. Geological Survey . Eruptive activity at Redoubt - April 20 , 2009 - Summarized from bulletins of the Alaska Volcano Observatory : Following a period of above - background seismicity beginning on January 25 , 2009 , Redoubt had a minor gas - and - ash explosion on March 15 . On March 22 , major plinian explosions began at the volcano , and since then more than 19 separate explosions have been recorded . The eruption clouds reached more than 50,000 feet ( 15 km ) above sea level , and forced airlines to reroute their flight paths away from the volcano . Several of Redoubt ' s eruptions have produced ash falls up to hundreds of miles away , including Facts About Redoubt Location : Southwestern Alaska Coordinates : 60 ° 29 ′ N 152 ° 44 ′ W Elevation : 3,108 meters ( 10,197 feet ) Volcano Type : Stratovolcano Last Eruption : 2009 Large lahars ( volcanic mudflows ) occurred in late March and early April , and inundated the Drift River Valley and its downstream coastal fan . The lahars also reached the Cook Inlet , where the Drift River Oil Terminal is located , and overtopped the levees meant to protect the facility . By March 27 a ½ mile wide crater had formed at the summit from one or more of the eruption ' s early explosions . It is in this crater that an elongated lava dome began forming , and was destroyed by the April 4 eruption . Then another lava dome grew in Redoubt ' s summit crater . Photography and thermal images showed that the dome , as of April 17 , 2009 , was about 500 m by 700 m ( 1640 ft by 1300 ft ) in size and at least 50 m ( 160 ft ) The Alaska Volcano Observatory cautioned that there would likely be additional cycles of dome - building and explosions in the coming days to months , but their nature and timing are uncertain . They warned that the summit domes could become unstable and produce hot rock avalanches , pyroclastic flows , and ash columns , and melting snow on Redoubt would likely produce more lahars that may threaten downstream areas . In order to better monitor Redoubt ' s eruptions , scientists at AVO installed several new seismometers , GPS receivers , and a new webcam , and carefully monitored Volcanic Lightning at Redoubt Volcano Volcanic Lightning : Lightning that formed in the ash cloud over Redoubt Volcano during an eruption on March 27 , 2009 . More information . Photo by Bretwood Higman . About the Author Jessica Ball is a graduate student in the Department of Geology at the State University of New York at Buffalo . Her concentration is in volcanology , and she is currently researching lava dome collapses and pyroclastic flows . Jessica earned her Bachelor of Science degree from the College of William and Mary , and worked for a year at the American Geological Institute in the Education / Outreach Program . She also writes the Magma Cum Laude blog , and in what spare time she has left , she enjoys rock climbing and playing various stringed instruments . More Information on Redoubt Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program Website : Redoubt page USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory Website : Redoubt Activity Page Gates , A.E. and Ritchie , D . , 2007 , Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes , Third Edition : New York , NY , Checkmark Books , 346 p . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration : Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers Page USGS Open - File Report 2005 - 1310 : 2003 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka : Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory USGS Open - File Report 97 - 857 : Preliminary Volcano - Hazard Assessment for Redoubt Volcano , Alaska USGS Open - File Report 98 - 0582 : Catalog of the Historically Active Volcanoes of Alaska More Volcanoes Mount Etna Yellowstone Supervolcano Mount St . Helens - 30 Years Blue Flames Mount Vesuvius Mount Rainier Solar System Volcanoes Igneous Rocks | [
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http://geology.com/world/bhutan-satellite-image.shtml | Geology . com News Rocks Minerals Gemstones Volcanoes More Topics US Maps World Maps Geology Store Home World Maps Asia » Bhutan Bhutan Map and Satellite Image Bhutan Bordering Countries : China India Regional Maps : Map of Asia World Map Where is Bhutan ? Bhutan Satellite Image Bhutan Information : Bhutan is located in southern Asia . Bhutan is bordered by India to the east and south and China to the north Explore Bhutan Using Google Earth : Google Earth is a free program from Google that allows you to explore satellite images showing the cities and landscapes of Bhutan and all of Asia in fantastic detail . It works on your desktop computer , tablet , or mobile phone . The images in many areas are detailed enough that you can see houses , vehicles and even people on a city street . Google Earth is free and easy - to - use . Bhutan on a World Wall Map : Bhutan is one of nearly 200 countries illustrated on our Blue Ocean Laminated Map of the World . This map shows a combination of political and physical features . It includes country boundaries , major cities , major mountains in shaded relief , ocean depth in blue color gradient , along with many other features . This is a great map for students , schools , offices and anywhere that a nice map of the world is needed for education , display or decor . Bhutan On a Large Wall Map of Asia : If you are interested in Bhutan and the geography of Asia our large laminated map of Asia might be just what you need . It is a large political map of Asia that also shows many of the continent ' s physical features in color or shaded relief . Major lakes , rivers , cities , roads , country boundaries , coastlines and surrounding islands are all shown on the map . Bhutan Cities : Chapcha , Chukha , Daga , Dewangiri , Dzong , Gasa , Geylegphug , Jakar , Mongar , Phuntsholing , Punakha , Shemgang , Singye Dzong , Sombe , Tashigang , Thimphu , Tongsa and Wangdiphodrang . Bhutan Locations : Himalaya Mountains . Bhutan Natural Resources : Bhutan ' s mineral resources include gypsum and calcium carbonate . Other resources include timber and hydropower . Bhutan Natural Hazards : The violent storms caused by the Himalayas are the basis of the country ' s name , Bhutan , which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon . During the rainy season there are frequent landslides . Bhutan Environmental Issues : The country of Bhutan , between China and India , has environmental issues which include soil erosion and limited access to potable water . Copyright information : The images on this page were composed by Angela King and Brad Cole and are copyright by Geology . com © 2008 . These images are not available for use beyond our websites . If you would like to share them with others please link to this page . The satellite image was produced using Landsat data from NASA and the map was produced using data licensed from and copyright by Map Resources © 2008 . | [
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http://geology.com/world/slovakia-satellite-image.shtml | Geology . com News Rocks Minerals Gemstones Volcanoes More Topics US Maps World Maps Geology Store Home World Maps Europe » Slovakia Slovakia Map and Satellite Image Slovakia Bordering Countries : Austria Czech Republic Hungary Poland Ukraine Regional Maps : Map of Europe World Map Where is Slovakia ? Slovakia Satellite Image Slovakia Information : Slovakia Is located in central Europe . Slovakia is bordered by Czech Republic and Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east , Hungary to the south , and Austria to the west . Explore Slovakia Using Google Earth : Google Earth is a free program from Google that allows you to explore satellite images showing the cities and landscapes of Slovakia and all of Europe in fantastic detail . It works on your desktop computer , tablet , or mobile phone . The images in many areas are detailed enough that you can see houses , vehicles and even people on a city street . Google Earth is free and easy - to - use . Slovakia on a World Wall Map : Slovakia is one of nearly 200 countries illustrated on our Blue Ocean Laminated Map of the World . This map shows a combination of political and physical features . It includes country boundaries , major cities , major mountains in shaded relief , ocean depth in blue color gradient , along with many other features . This is a great map for students , schools , offices and anywhere that a nice map of the world is needed for education , display or decor . Slovakia On a Large Wall Map of Europe : If you are interested in Slovakia and the geography of Europe our large laminated map of Europe might be just what you need . It is a large political map of Europe that also shows many of the continent ' s physical features in color or shaded relief . Major lakes , rivers , cities , roads , country boundaries , coastlines and surrounding islands are all shown on the map . Slovakia Cities : Banska Bystrica , Bardejov , Bratislava ( Pressburg ) , Cadca , Detva , Dunajska Streda , Humenne , Kezmarok , Kolarovo , Komarno , Kosice , Levice , Liptovsky Mikulas , Lucenec , Malacky , Michalovce , Nitra , Nove Mesto nad Bahom , Nove Zamky , Pezinok , Poprad , Povazska Bystrica , Presov , Rimavska Sobota , Roznava , Ruzomberok , Senica , Sered , Snina , Spisska , Trebisov , Trnava , Vel ' ky Krtis , Vranov , Zilina and Zvolen . Slovakia Locations : Biele Karpaty , East Beskids , Hron River , Male Karpaty , Vah River and West Beskids Dunaje ( Danube ) River . Slovakia Natural Resources : Slovakia has some fuel resources including brown coal and lignite . Small amounts of iron ore , manganese ore and copper are some of the metallic resources . Other natural resources for this country include salt and arable land . Slovakia Natural Hazards : There are no natural hazards listed in CIA - The World Factbook for Slovakia . Slovakia Environmental Issues : The country of Slovakia has environmental issues pertaining to the air . These include air pollution from the metallurgical plants , which presents human health risks . The pollution results in acid rain that is damaging the forests . Copyright information : The images on this page were composed by Angela King and Brad Cole and are copyright by Geology . com © 2008 . These images are not available for use beyond our websites . If you would like to share them with others please link to this page . The satellite image was produced using Landsat data from NASA and the map was produced using data licensed from and copyright by Map Resources © 2008 . | [
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http://geomancygroup.org/geomancy/ | What is Geomancy ? Geomancy literally means , “ divining the Earth ” . It is an art that analyses the subtle earth energies that ebb and flow throughout the landscape , influencing health and wealth ; home , garden and office alike . Geomancy works harmoniously with these energies to enhance our relationship with Spirit and Place . “ It is vitally important for a human - made structure to honour and make connections with the physical environment . This creates stability , acceptance by the spirit of the land , and very real anchor lines which allow energy flow between the structure and surrounding landscape . ” – Ivan McBeth ( 9 June 1953 – 23 September 2016 ) Every culture has ancient geomantic traditions – the Chinese tradition is feng - shui . Like feng - shui , geomancy can tell you what ’ s wrong with the energies in your home or workplace , and how to correct them . In addition , Western geomancy utilises dowsing and earth acupuncture techniques to deal with geopathic stress and balance the subtle earth energies . Many of our practitioners also use scientific instrumentation to assess electromagnetic and microwave pollution ( or technopathic stress ) – an increasing problem for many people in our technologically advanced and gadget - obsessed society . Geomancy is also interested in the location and orientation of new spaces , particularly ones that enhance our connection to Spirit . If you want to know where the power centre is in your garden so you can build a temple , or if you want to know the best place for an altar in your living room ; a geomancer can tell you . Whether your sacred space is a single crystal , a personal altar , a standing stone , medicine wheel , labyrinth , stone circle or something larger ; geomancy can help you design , locate , align and activate the space so that it connects with and enhances the natural energies of the earth . A geomancer is like a gatekeeper who can create portals ‘ between the worlds ’ . If you want to connect with the sacred , a geomancer can help you build that gate . In a secular context , geomancy offers space - clearing services for atmospheric realignment . Underground water and earth energies have been associated with geopathic stress , ‘ sick building syndrome ’ , and even psycho - spiritual disturbances such as ghosts , poltergeists and so on . Spirit release is an essential part of geomantic training . In our modern society it is increasingly common for houses and other buildings to be sited over such geopathic stress zones . Some people are sensitive to these energies , and over a period of prolonged exposure their immune system can become suppressed , leading to disturbed sleep , chronic fatigue or more serious illness . See our section on Secular Space for more details . Geomancers are trained to detect and manipulate these energies to minimise their detrimental effects and restore balance to the area . The space - clearing process also releases and transmutes the stagnant energies in a space and allows us to replace them with supportive and positive energies in our homes and offices . It can often be a liberating and transformative experience for the inhabitants . As continuing psychic hygiene and maintenance of a space is paramount in geomantic awareness , space - clearing is fundamental to both sacred and secular geomantic practice . Geomancy can also be employed in a larger landscape context , bringing health and vitality to the land and the beings who live on it . In an agricultural situation , this can result in enhanced crop yields , reduction in pests and disease , better - tasting and healthier food . Please contact us to discuss your personal geomantic requirements . Like this : Loading . . . 1 comment to Geomancy Haruna Ahmad Rufai August 4 , 2017 at 10 : 10 am · Reply I ’ m a Nigerian leaving in Kaduna , and wanted to learn the geomancy please help me . Thank you . Leave a Reply This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed Learning Geomancy Dowsing Sacred Space Stone Circles Labyrinths Secular Space Geopathic Stress Technopathic Stress Landscape Sacred Geometry | [
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http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/gtime/ageofearth.html | The Age of the Earth How do we know the Age of the Earth ? Radiometric dating Adapted from The Age of the Earth , by the Branch of Isotope Geology , United States Geological Survey , Menlo Park , California How do we know the Age of the Earth ? The Earth is a constantly changing planet . Its crust is continually being created , modified , and destroyed . As a result , rocks that record its earliest history have not been found and probably no longer exist . Nevertheless , there is substantial evidence that the Earth and the other bodies of the Solar System are 4.5 - 4.6 billion years old , and that the Milky Way Galaxy and the Universe are older still . The principal evidence for the antiquity of Earth and its cosmic surroundings is : The oldest rocks on Earth , found in western Greenland , have been dated by four independent radiometric dating methods at 3.7 - 3.8 billion years . Rocks 3.4 - 3.6 billion years in age have been found in southern Africa , western Australia , and the Great Lakes region of North America . These oldest rocks are metamorphic rocks but they originated as lava flows and sedimentary rocks . The debris from which the sedimentary rocks formed must have come from even older crustal rocks . The oldest dated minerals ( 4.0 - 4.2 billion years ) are tiny The oldest Moon rocks are from the lunar highlands and were formed when the early lunar crust was partially or entirely molten . These rocks , of which only a few were returned by the Apollo missions , have been dated by two methods at between 4.4 - 4.5 billion years in age . The majority of the 70 well - dated meteorites have ages of 4.4 - 4.6 billion years . These meteorites , which are fragments of asteroids and represent some of the most primitive material in the solar system , have been dated by 5 independent radiometric dating methods . The " best " age for the Earth is based on the time required for the lead isotopes in four very old lead ores ( galena ) to have evolved from the composition of lead at the time the Solar System formed , as recorded in the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite . This " model lead age " is 4.54 billion years . The evidence for the antiquity of the Earth and Solar System is consistent with evidence for an even greater age for the Universe and Milky Way Galaxy . a ) The age of the Universe can be estimated from the velocity and distance of galaxies as the universe expands . The estimates range from 7 to 20 billion years , depending on whether the expansion is constant or is slowing due to gravitational attraction . b ) The age of the Galaxy is estimated to be 14 - 18 billion years from the rate of evolution of stars in globular NASA ' s Planck Mission studies . Radiometric dating Spontaneous breakdown or decay of atomic nuclei , termed radioactive decay , is the basis for all radiometric dating methods . Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by French physicist Henri Becquerel . By 1907 study of the decay products of uranium ( lead and intermediate radioactive elements that decay to lead ) demonstrated to B . B . Boltwood that the lead / uranium ratio in uranium minerals increased with geologic age and might provide a geological dating tool . As radioactive Parent atoms decay to stable daughter atoms ( as uranium decays to lead ) each disintegration results in one more atom of the daughter than was initially present and one less atom of the parent . The probability of a parent atom decaying in a fixed period of time is always the same for all atoms of that type regardless of temperature , pressure , or chemical conditions . This probability of decay is the decay constant . The time required for one - half of any original number of parent atoms to decay is the half - All rocks and minerals contain long - lived radioactive elements that were incorporated into Earth when the Solar System formed . These radioactive elements constitute independent clocks that allow geologists to determine the age of the rocks in which they occur . The radioactive parent elements used to date rocks and minerals are : Parent Daughter Half - life Uranium - 235 Lead - 207 0.704 billion years Uranium - 238 Lead - 206 4.47 Potassium - 40 Argon - 40 1.25 Rubidium - 87 Strontium - 87 48.8 Samarium - 147 Neodymium - 143 106 Thorium - 232 Lead - 208 14.0 Rhenium - 187 Osmium - 187 43.0 Lutetium - 176 Hafnium - 176 35.9 Radiometric dating using the naturally - occurring radioactive elements is simple in concept even though technically complex . If we know the number of radioactive parent atoms present when a rock formed and the number present now , we can calculate the age of the rock using the decay constant . The number of parent atoms originally present is simply the number present now plus the number of daughter atoms formed by the decay , both of which are quantities that can be measured . Samples for dating are selected carefully to avoid those that are altered , contaminated , In addition to the ages of Earth , Moon , and meteorites , radiometric dating has been used to determine ages of fossils , including early man , timing of glaciations , ages of mineral deposits , recurrence rates of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions , the history of reversals of Earth ' s magnetic field , and the age and duration of a wide variety of other geological events and processes . | [
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http://georgeruskyconsultancy.blogspot.com/2004/08/how-many-words-should-article-contain.html | George Rusky Consultancy Tuesday , August 24 , 2004 How Many Words Should An Article Contain ? How Many Words Should An Article Contain ? By George Rusky , August 2004 Have you ever thought of how you start reading a new article ? I mean , what do you do first ? Look at a list of pre - things I ’ d like you to consider before reading articles . So , what will you start with ? The title ? The author ? The subject ? The short contents of the article ? I , for one , always start with the title of the article . If it grabs my attention , I go to the author , and . . . 1 . If the writer is known and authoritative , read the article ; 2 . If un - known , immediately seek the information about the author . Suppose , from the information , it ’ s not clear about the writer ’ s expertise . Then my next step is - the number of the words . If the number of words exceeds 350 - 450 , most probably the article will be left without reading . Why is that so ? The art of writing articles lies in the ability of an author to advertise her mastery , her business , her mastery to persuade the readers to single out her from her competition , to lead the reader to the Most Wanted Response , which is a click on the link to the article writer ’ s site , and only this tap of a reader ’ s point finger is worth writing an article . Now , where does the above mentioned 350 - 450 number of words come from ? Simple arithmetic : The Title - 8 - 10 words . The Lead of the story , the most important paragraph - 40 - 50 words . The Body of the article , depending on the business may vary from 250 to 300 words . The Ending may include not more then 50 - 60 words . And now , probably , the most important part of the whole article : The information of the writer and her business , not more then 25 - 35 words . So , let ’ s put these figures together : a ) minimum : 40 + 250 + 50 + 25 = 365 b ) maximum : 50 + 300 + 60 + 35 = 445 These simple calculations surely do not reflect the whole spectrum of writers ’ approaches , and only the authors exactly know what and how they want to write . But , listen up ! The further the writer from tested and proven standards of business writing , the further is she from the Most Wanted Response . P.S. This article serves as the illustration of the writer ’ s concept : The Title - 7words The Lead - 51words The Body - 242words The Ending - 50words The Info about the author - 27 ( The total number of words is - 377 ) Posted by George Rusky at 12 : 55 PM Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest 1 comment : Eric Yingling said . . . This is very helpful . Thank you , George . 4 : 51 PM Post a Comment Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to : Post Comments ( Atom ) Welcome to My Blog Blog Archive ► 2019 ( 11 ) ► 2016 ( 1 ) 2015 ( 12 ) 2013 ( 31 ) 2012 ( 31 ) 2011 ( 20 ) 2010 ( 1 ) 2006 2005 ( 9 ) ▼ 2004 ( 10 ) December October ( 2 ) September ▼ August ( 2 ) How Many Words Should An Article Contain ? How To Find A Topic For Writing June May April March 2003 Рубрики Полезная информация Статьи | [
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http://georgia.gov/cities-counties/jackson-county | Home Cities & Counties » Jackson County Jackson County Website : http : / / www . jacksoncountygov . com Profile Incorporated Date : February 11 , 1796 Population : 61,620 Total Area : 342.4 sq mi Contact Information 67 Athens St . Jefferson , GA 30549 Phone Number : ( 706 ) 367 - 6312 Fax Number : ( 706 ) 367 - 9083 Jackson County , established in 1796 and carved from Franklin County lands , takes it name from General James Jackson who , after serving in the Revolutionary War , joined the U.S. Congress . Jefferson , the county seat , honors Thomas Jefferson . It was in Jackson County that , on March 30 , 1842 , Dr . Crawford W . Long performed the first surgery to use an anesthetic , ether . | [
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http://georgia.hometownlocator.com/ga/burke/midville.cfm | Midville , GA Profile : Facts & Data Profile Maps Photos Places Schools Jobs JUMP DOWN PAGE TO : Basic Facts | Demographic Data | Peer Comparsions Midville Local Links & Resources : Hotels Resources ALL Midville Content Also See : Midville , GA ZIP Codes & ZIP Code Maps | Local Area Photos Midville , Georgia - Basic Facts Quick & Easy Tools Recent Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Neighborhood Maps , Data , Home Values Research Public Schools Boundaries Locate Physical & Cultural Features City , Town , and ZIP Code Maps The City of Midville had a population of 296 as of July 1 , 2018 . Midville ranks in the lower quartile for Population Density when compared to the other cities , towns and Census Designated Places ( CDPs ) in Georgia . See peer rankings below . The primary coordinate point for Midville is located at latitude 32.819 and longitude - 82.2348 in Burke County . The formal boundaries for the City of Midville encompass a land area of 1.99 sq . miles and a water area of 0.01 sq . miles . Burke County is in the Eastern time zone ( GMT - 5 ) . The elevation is 190 feet . The City of Midville ( GNIS ID : 2404255 ) has a C1 Census Class Code which indicates an active incorporated place that does not serve as a county subdivision equivalent . It also has a Functional Status Code of " A " which identifies an active government providing primary general - purpose functions Georgia is one of 20 states where Census County Divisions ( CCDs ) are used for statistical tracking of subdivisions within each county . The City of Midville is located within Midville Division of Burke County Alternate Unofficial Names for Midville : Burton , Nine and One Half . Jump to . . . ( On This Page ! ) Midville 2018 Demographic Data Growth Rates for Midville ( Historical & 5 - Year Forecast ) Peer Comparisons ( Rank and Percentile ) Neighborhoods Demographics ( Home Values , Household Income , etc . ) Georgia Research Tools ( Easy Tools & Current Data ) Georgia Data Comparison Tool - 2018 Demographics Midville , GA - Most Popular Things to Do Top 20 Most Popular Places Near Midville Popularity rankings are based on positive reviews , search queries , and other user data . Also See : Nearby Photos | Nearby Hotels | Driving Directions Research a Georgia Address and get . . . Boundary Maps , Demographic Data , School Zones Review maps and data for the neighborhood , city , county , ZIP Code , and school zone . July 1 , 2018 , data includes home values , household income , percentage of homes owned , rented or vacant , etc . Midville , GA Data & Demographics ( As of July 1 , 2018 ) POPULATION Total Population 296 Population in Households 296 Population in Familes 256 Population in Group Qrtrs 0 Population Density 2 149 Diversity Index 3 54 INCOME Median Household Income $ 26,775 Average Household Income $ 42,727 Per Capita Income $ 15,992 HOUSING Total Housing Units 155 ( 100 % ) Owner Occupied HU 84 ( 54.2 % ) Renter Occupied HU 30 ( 19.4 % ) Vacant Housing Units 41 ( 26.5 % ) Median Home Value $ 77,273 Average Home Value $ 115,476 HOUSEHOLDS Total Households 114 Average Household Size 2.6 Family Households 81 Average Family Size 3 NOTES Demographics are point estimates for July 1st of the current year and each for the forecast years . See References for more information . Population Density = Total Population per square mile . The Diversity Index is a scale of 0 to 100 that represents the likelihood that two persons , chosen at random from the same area , belong to different race or ethnic groups . If an area ' s entire population belongs to one race AND one ethnic group , then the area has zero diversity . An area ' s diversity index increases to 100 when the population is evenly divided into two or more race / ethnic groups . GROWTH RATE / YEAR 2010 - 2018 2018 - 2023 Population 1.17 % 0.93 % Households 1.24 % 0.86 % Families 2.33 % 0.73 % Median Household Income 3.05 % Per Capita Income 2.14 % Midville , GA - Peer Comparisons by Rank and Percentile The table below compares Midville to the other 626 incorporated cities , towns and CDPs in Georgia by rank and percentile using July 1 , 2018 data . The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value . A location that ranks higher than 75 % of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group . Variable Description Rank Percentile Total Population # 519 17th Population Density # 555 12th Diversity Index # 277 56th # 595 5th # 579 8th Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE Georgia Census Data Comparison Tool Quick & Easy Ways to . . . Get Current Demographic Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes View Boundary Maps , for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Locate Physical , Cultural , and Historical Features Research Public Schools & Attendance Zones Georgia Census Data Comparison Tool Compare Georgia July 1 , 2018 Data Data Population Population Density Diversity Index Average Household Income Per Capita Income Locations Cites & Towns Counties ZIP Codes Highest or Lowest Show Highest Values Show Lowest Values Results Show 20 Results Show 200 Results | [
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http://georgia.hometownlocator.com/ga/oconee/bishop.cfm | Bishop , GA Profile : Facts & Data Profile Maps Photos Places Schools Jobs JUMP DOWN PAGE TO : Basic Facts | Demographic Data | Peer Comparsions Bishop Local Links & Resources : Hotels Resources ALL Bishop Content Also See : Bishop , GA ZIP Codes & ZIP Code Maps | Local Area Photos Bishop , Georgia - Basic Facts Quick & Easy Tools Recent Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Neighborhood Maps , Data , Home Values Research Public Schools Boundaries Locate Physical & Cultural Features City , Town , and ZIP Code Maps The Town of Bishop had a population of 350 as of July 1 , 2018 . Bishop ranks in the lower quartile for Diversity Index when compared to the other cities , towns and Census Designated Places ( CDPs ) in Georgia . See peer rankings below . The primary coordinate point for Bishop is located at latitude 33.8193 and longitude - 83.4388 in Oconee County . The formal boundaries for the Town of Bishop encompass a land area of 0.78 sq . miles and a water area of 0.01 sq . miles . Oconee County is in the Eastern time zone ( GMT - 5 ) . The elevation is 778 feet . The Town of Bishop ( GNIS ID : 2405269 ) has a C1 Census Class Code which indicates an active incorporated place that does not serve as a county subdivision equivalent . It also has a Functional Status Code of " A " which identifies an active government providing primary general - purpose functions Georgia is one of 20 states where Census County Divisions ( CCDs ) are used for statistical tracking of subdivisions within each county . The Town of Bishop is located within Watkinsville Division of Oconee County Jump to . . . ( On This Page ! ) Bishop 2018 Demographic Data Growth Rates for Bishop ( Historical & 5 - Year Forecast ) Peer Comparisons ( Rank and Percentile ) Neighborhoods Demographics ( Home Values , Household Income , etc . ) Georgia Research Tools ( Easy Tools & Current Data ) Georgia Data Comparison Tool - 2018 Demographics Bishop , GA - Most Popular Things to Do Top 20 Most Popular Places Near Bishop Popularity rankings are based on positive reviews , search queries , and other user data . Also See : Nearby Photos | Nearby Hotels | Driving Directions Research a Georgia Address and get . . . Boundary Maps , Demographic Data , School Zones Review maps and data for the neighborhood , city , county , ZIP Code , and school zone . July 1 , 2018 , data includes home values , household income , percentage of homes owned , rented or vacant , etc . Bishop , GA Data & Demographics ( As of July 1 , 2018 ) POPULATION Total Population 350 Population in Households 350 Population in Familes 314 Population in Group Qrtrs 0 Population Density 2 447 Diversity Index 3 34 INCOME Median Household Income $ 66,124 Average Household Income $ 99,779 Per Capita Income $ 34,398 HOUSING Total Housing Units 141 ( 100 % ) Owner Occupied HU 106 ( 75.2 % ) Renter Occupied HU 18 ( 12.8 % ) Vacant Housing Units 17 ( 12.1 % ) Median Home Value $ 282,500 Average Home Value $ 346,905 HOUSEHOLDS Total Households 124 Average Household Size 2.82 Family Households 96 Average Family Size 3 NOTES Demographics are point estimates for July 1st of the current year and each for the forecast years . See References for more information . Population Density = Total Population per square mile . The Diversity Index is a scale of 0 to 100 that represents the likelihood that two persons , chosen at random from the same area , belong to different race or ethnic groups . If an area ' s entire population belongs to one race AND one ethnic group , then the area has zero diversity . An area ' s diversity index increases to 100 when the population is evenly divided into two or more race / ethnic groups . GROWTH RATE / YEAR 2010 - 2018 2018 - 2023 Population 5.56 % 2.76 % Households 5.62 % 2.75 % Families 5.24 % 2.76 % Median Household Income 3.11 % Per Capita Income 3.41 % Bishop , GA - Peer Comparisons by Rank and Percentile The table below compares Bishop to the other 626 incorporated cities , towns and CDPs in Georgia by rank and percentile using July 1 , 2018 data . The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value . A location that ranks higher than 75 % of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group . Variable Description Rank Percentile Total Population # 500 20th Population Density # 368 41st Diversity Index # 499 21st # 52 92nd # 46 93rd Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE Georgia Census Data Comparison Tool Quick & Easy Ways to . . . Get Current Demographic Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes View Boundary Maps , for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Locate Physical , Cultural , and Historical Features Research Public Schools & Attendance Zones Georgia Census Data Comparison Tool Compare Georgia July 1 , 2018 Data Data Population Population Density Diversity Index Average Household Income Per Capita Income Locations Cites & Towns Counties ZIP Codes Highest or Lowest Show Highest Values Show Lowest Values Results Show 20 Results Show 200 Results | [
"Bishop",
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http://georgia.hometownlocator.com/zip-codes/data,zipcode,30052.cfm | Loganville , GA 30052 ZIP Code Profile Profile Map Photos Places Schools Jobs Photos of the local Loganville , GA area ZIP Code 30052 : Basic Data & USPS Preferred City Name Preferred Name , USPS Loganville , GA 30052 Acceptable Alternative Walnut Grove , GA 30052 ZIP Code Type : STANDARD County Walton County Centroid : Latitude 33.81 , Longitude - 83.892 Time Zone : Eastern Time Zone ( UTC - 5 hours ) Observes DST : Yes ZIP Code 30052 has segments in 4 Counties ( Gwinnett , Newton , Rockdale , Walton ) . Businesses Addresses : 1,806 PO Box Addresses : 1,158 Residential Addresses : 23,802 Multi - Family Addresses : 1,095 Single Family Addresses : 22,707 The ZIP Code maps and database are updated 4 times per year Database updated : February 1 , 2019 , Maps updated : February 1 , 2019 Jump to . . . ( On This Page ! ) 30052 2018 Demographic Data Growth Rates for 30052 ( Historical & 5 - Year Forecast ) Peer Comparisons ( Rank and Percentile ) Neighborhoods Demographics ( Home Values , Household Income , etc . ) Georgia Research Tools ( Easy Tools & Current Data ) Georgia Data Comparison Tool - 2018 Demographics Popular Places Near ZIP Code 30052 Top 20 Most Popular Places Near ZIP Code 30052 Popularity rankings are based on positive reviews , search queries , and other user data . Research a Georgia Address and get . . . Boundary Maps , Demographic Data , School Zones Review maps and data for the neighborhood , city , county , ZIP Code , and school zone . July 1 , 2018 , data includes home values , household income , percentage of homes owned , rented or vacant , etc . Loganville , GA 30052 Data & Demographics ( As of July 1 , 2018 ) POPULATION Total Population 69,619 Population in Households 69,603 Population in Familes 62,113 Population in Group Qrtrs 16 Population Density 2 778 Diversity Index 3 58 INCOME Median Household Income $ 69,157 Average Household Income $ 81,098 Per Capita Income $ 26,959 HOUSING Total Housing Units 23,987 ( 100 % ) Owner Occupied HU 19,117 ( 79.7 % ) Renter Occupied HU 4,019 ( 16.8 % ) Vacant Housing Units 851 ( 3.5 % ) Median Home Value $ 191,191 Average Home Value $ 222,680 HOUSEHOLDS Total Households 23,136 Average Household Size 3.01 Family Households 18,426 Average Family Size 3 NOTES Demographics are point estimates for July 1st of the current year and each for the forecast years . See References for more information . Population Density = Total Population per square mile . The Diversity Index is a scale of 0 to 100 that represents the likelihood that two persons , chosen at random from the same area , belong to different race or ethnic groups . If an area ' s entire population belongs to one race AND one ethnic group , then the area has zero diversity . An area ' s diversity index increases to 100 when the population is evenly divided into two or more race / ethnic groups . GROWTH RATE / YEAR 2010 - 2018 2018 - 2023 Population 1.82 % 1.89 % Households 1.7 % 1.81 % Families 1.58 % 1.73 % Median Household Income 1.83 % Per Capita Income 2.26 % Loganville , GA 30052 - Peer Comparisons by Rank and Percentile The table below compares 30052 to the other 704 ZIP Codes in Georgia by rank and percentile using July 1 , 2018 data . The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value . A location that ranks higher than 75 % of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group . Variable Description Rank Percentile Total Population # 6 99th Population Density # 162 77th Diversity Index # 177 75th # 88 88th # 190 73rd Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE Georgia Census Data Comparison Tool Quick & Easy Ways to . . . Get Current Demographic Data for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes View Boundary Maps , for Cities , Towns , and ZIP Codes Locate Physical , Cultural , and Historical Features Research Public Schools & Attendance Zones Georgia Census Data Comparison Tool Compare Georgia July 1 , 2018 Data Data Population Population Density Diversity Index Average Household Income Per Capita Income Locations Cites & Towns Counties ZIP Codes Highest or Lowest Show Highest Values Show Lowest Values Results Show 20 Results Show 200 Results | [
"Loganville , GA",
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http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/stamps/ | Georgia on Stamps “ Savannah ” Steamship , 1994 Abraham Baldwin , 1985 Amethyst , 1974 Atlanta Olympics Sheet , 1996 Bobby Jones , 1981 Bobwhite Quail , 1987 Casimir Pulaski , 1931 Centennial Olympic Games , 1996 Christmas Stamp Released in Bethlehem , Georgia , 1967 Crawford Long , 1940 Daniel Chester French , 1940 Eli Whitney , 1940 Five Civilized Tribes , 1948 Franklin Roosevelt and the Little White House , 1945 Franklinia Alatamaha Plant , 1969 Georgia State Bird and Flower , 1982 Georgia State Flag , 1976 Georgia ’ s Ratification of the U.S. Constitution , 1988 Gone With the Wind Film , 1990 Henry O . Tanner , 1973 Honeybee , 1988 Howell Cobb , 1940 - 58 Jackie Robinson , 1982 Jacqueline Cochran , 1996 James Oglethorpe , 1933 James Oglethorpe Postal Card , 1983 James Weldon Johnson , 1988 Joel Chandler Harris , 1948 John Fremont , 1898 John Fremont , 1998 Johnny Mercer , 1996 Joseph E . Johnston , 1995 Juliette Gordon Low , 1948 Largemouth Bass , 1986 Ma Rainey , 1994 Margaret Mitchell , 1986 Martin Luther King Jr . , 1979 Milledgeville Postmark , 1993 Mississippi Territory , 1948 Moina Michael , 1948 Oliver Hardy , 1991 Olympic Baseball , 1992 Otis Redding , 1993 Peach , 1995 Pop Warner 1 , 1997 Pop Warner 2 , 1997 POW - MIA , 1995 Pulaski Postal Card , 1979 Rebecca Everingham Riverboat , 1996 Richard Russell , 1984 Sequoyah , 1980 Sidney Lanier , 1972 Stand Watie , 1995 Stone Mountain Memorial , 1970 The “ General ” , 1994 Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly , 1987 U.S. Flag With Olympic Rings , 1991 W.E.B. Du Bois , 1992 , 1998 Walter F . George , 1960 William H . Crawford , 1940 - 54 William T . Sherman 1995 , 1995 William T . Sherman 37 , 1937 William T . Sherman 93 , 1893 William T . Sherman 95 , 1895 Woodrow Wilson 25 , 1925 | [
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http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/thisday/cwhistory/06/17/james-johnson-appointed-provisional-governor-of-georgia | Calendar Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 This Day in Georgia Civil War History June 17 , 1865 James Johnson Appointed Provisional Governor of Georgia President Andrew Johnson appointed James Johnson provisional governor of Georgia . | [
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http://georgiapacificpaper.com/ | Jobs with Purpose From our headquarters in Atlanta , Ga . to mills and facilities in 30 states around the country , GP ’ s world - class employees are the best at what they do . Careers at Georgia - Pacific News & Stories We ’ re proud to share GP information and stories from across our facility communities . News & Stories Sustainable Practices Sustainability , every day in everything we do . Sustainability comes naturally to people at Georgia - Pacific . Sustainability in Action Strength in Community We know strong communities make life better for everyone . Foundation News & Updates Business Georgia - Pacific Consumer Products Leader Kathy Walters To Retire Environment GP Dedicates Almost a Decade to Endangered Forest Mapping Community Starting the Conversation : The Opioid Crisis About Georgia - Pacific Georgia - Pacific is one of the world ' s leading makers of tissue , pulp , paper , packaging , building products and related chemicals . Our products are part of everyday life . While they fill a diverse range of home commercial and industrial needs , they have one thing in common : they ' re all made to high standards of quality and safety . Learn more about GP Military & Veterans Our Military and Veterans have been and always will be an important part of Georgia - Pacific ' s history and a positive force of impact in our company culture . Careers for Military Veterans Working at GP We ' re more than consumer products and paper . From the plywood in your home ' s construction to the boxes in your grocery store , the paper towel dispensers in your hotel to the cellulose in your children ' s diapers , GP products are part of your everyday life . But it would n ' t be possible to do what we do without the hard work of GP employees all over the country . Careers at Georgia - Pacific Sustainable Practices Sustainability comes naturally to people at Georgia - Pacific . People are our top consideration , and we work each day to further develop trusted relationships . Nature is something that we conscientiously think about in making business decisions . The market needs of our customers drive us to create solutions that will be preferred and create value for society . Sustainability at Georgia - Pacific Community Engagement From responding to natural disasters to helping local fire fighters , we ’ re making a difference in the communities we call home . Foundation | [
"GEORGIA-PACIFIC"
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http://georgiastatefair.org/ | HOME ATTRACTIONS LIVE MUSIC HOURS INFO FAQ Sponsorship Vendors Directions TICKETS Sept 27 - oct 6 2019 Exciting Attractions & Shows . Live Music . All Your Favorite Fair Food . Spectacular Carnival Rides & Kiddie Rides . Safe , Clean Family Fun . meet & greet SKY KATZ " TESS " FROM DISNEY ' S RAVEN ' S HOME SUNDAY , SEPT . 30 12 : 30 - 4PM Pony rides pig racing Knockerball Petting zoo Fair Rides Camel Rides Butterfly Exhibit Nerveless Nocks White Tiger Display Kiddie Rides 1500 US - 19 , Hampton , GA 30228 , USA Georgia State Fair | [
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http://geothermaleducation.org/pwrheat.html | Geothermal Energy Facts Introductory Level WHAT DOES THE WORD " GEOTHERMAL " MEAN ? WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? HOW DOES GEOTHERMAL HEAT GET UP TO EARTH ' S SURFACE ? HOW HAVE PEOPLE USED GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE PAST ? HOW DO WE USE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TODAY ? HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? WHAT ARE SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY ? HOW MUCH ELECTRICITY IS FROM GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? WHAT ARE SOME NON - ELECTRIC WAYS WE CAN USE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? WHAT PARTS OF THE WORLD HAVE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? HOW MUCH GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS THERE ? WHAT DOES THE WORD " GEOTHERMAL " MEAN ? " Geothermal " comes from the Greek words geo ( earth ) and therme ( heat ) . So , geothermal means earth heat . WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? Our earth ' s interior - like the sun - provides heat energy from nature . This heat - geothermal energy - yields warmth and power that we can use without polluting the environment . Geothermal heat originates from Earth ' s fiery consolidation of dust and gas over 4 billion years ago . At earth ' s core - 4,000 miles deep - temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees F . HOW DOES GEOTHERMAL HEAT GET UP TO EARTH ' S SURFACE ? The heat from the earth ' s core continuously flows outward . It transfers ( conducts ) to the surrounding layer of rock , the mantle . When temperatures and pressures become high enough , some mantle rock melts , becoming magma . Then , because it is lighter ( less dense ) than the surrounding rock , the magma rises ( convects ) moving slowly up toward the earth ' s crust , carrying the heat from below Sometimes the hot magma reaches all the way to the surface , where we know it as lava . But most often the magma remains below earth ' s crust , heating nearby rock and water ( rainwater that has seeped deep into the earth ) - sometimes as hot as 700 degrees F . Some of this hot geothermal water travels back up through faults and cracks and reaches the earth ' s surface as hot springs or geysers , but most of it stays deep underground , trapped in cracks and porous rock . This natural collection of hot water is called a geothermal reservoir HOW HAVE PEOPLE USED GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE PAST ? From earliest times , people have used geothermal water that flowed freely from the earth ' s surface as hot springs . The oldest and most common use was , of course , just relaxing in the comforting warm waters . But eventually , this " magic water " was used ( and still is ) in other creative ways . The Romans , for example , used geothermal water to treat eye and skin disease and , at Pompeii , to heat buildings . As early as 10,000 years ago , Native Americans used hot springs water for cooking HOW DO WE USE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TODAY ? Today we drill wells into the geothermal reservoirs to bring the hot water to the surface . Geologists , geochemists , drillers and engineers do a lot of exploring and testing to locate underground areas that contain this geothermal water , so we ' ll know where to drill geothermal production wells . Then , once the hot water and / or steam travels up the wells to the surface , they can be used to generate electricity in geothermal power plants or for energy saving non - electrical purposes HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? In geothermal power plants steam , heat or hot water from geothermal reservoirs provides the force that spins the turbine generators and produces electricity . The used geothermal water is then returned down an injection well into the reservoir to be reheated , to maintain pressure , and to sustain the reservoir . There are three kinds of geothermal power plants . The kind we build depends on the temperatures and pressures of a reservoir . A " dry ' " steam reservoir produces steam but very little water . The steam is piped directly into a " dry " steam power plant to provide the force to spin the turbine generator . The largest dry steam field in the world is The Geysers , about 90 miles north of San Francisco . Production of electricity started at The Geysers in 1960 , at what has become the most successful alternative energy project in history . A geothermal reservoir that produces mostly hot water is called a " hot water reservoir " and is used in a " flash " power plant . Water ranging in temperature from 300 - 700 degrees F is brought up to the surface through the production well where , upon being released from the pressure of the deep reservoir , some of the water flashes into steam in a ' separator . ' The steam then powers the turbines . A reservoir with temperatures between 250 - 360 degrees F is not hot enough to flash enough steam but can still be used to produce electricity in a " binary " power plant . In a binary system the geothermal water is passed through a heat exchanger , where its heat is transferred into a second ( binary ) liquid , such as isopentane , that boils at a lower temperature than water . When heated , the binary liquid flashes to vapor , which , like steam , expands across and spins the turbine blades . The vapor is then recondensed to a liquid and is reused repeatedly . In this closed loop cycle , there are no emissions to the air . WHAT ARE SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY ? Clean . Geothermal power plants , like wind and solar power plants , do not have to burn fuels to manufacture steam to turn the turbines . Generating electricity with geothermal energy helps to conserve nonrenewable fossil fuels , and by decreasing the use of these fuels , we reduce emissions that harm our atmosphere . There is no smoky air around geothermal power plants - - in fact some are built in the middle of farm crops and forests , and share land with cattle and local wildlife . For ten years , Lake County California , home to five geothermal electric power plants , has been the first and only county to meet the most stringent governmental air quality standards in the U.S . Easy on the land . The land area required for geothermal power plants is smaller per megawatt than for almost every other type of power plant . Geothermal installations do n ' t require damming of rivers or harvesting of forests - - and there are no mine shafts , tunnels , open pits , waste heaps or oil spills . Reliable . Geothermal power plants are designed to run 24 hours a day , all year . A geothermal power plant sits right on top of its fuel source . It is resistant to interruptions of power generation due to weather , natural disasters or political rifts that can interrupt transportation of fuels . Flexible . Geothermal power plants can have modular designs , with additional units installed in increments when needed to fit growing demand for electricity . Keeps Dollars at Home . Money does not have to be exported to import fuel for geothermal power plants . Geothermal " fuel ' " - like the sun and the wind - is always where the power plant is ; economic benefits remain in the region and there are no fuel price shocks . Helps Developing Countries Grow . Geothermal projects can offer all of the above benefits to help developing countries grow without pollution . And installations in remote locations can raise the standard of living and quality of life by bringing electricity to people far from " electrified " population centers . HOW MUCH ELECTRICITY IS FROM GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? Since the first geothermally - generated electricity in the world was produced at Larderello , Italy , in 1904 the use of geothermal energy for electricity has grown worldwide to about 7,000 megawatts in twenty - one countries around the world . The United States alone produces 2700 megawatts of electricity from geothermal energy , electricity comparable to burning sixty million barrels of oil each year . WHAT ARE SOME NON - ELECTRIC WAYS WE CAN USE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? Geothermal water is used around the world , even when it is not hot enough to generate electricity . Anytime geothermal water or heat are used directly , less electricity is used . Using geothermal water ' directly ' conserves energy and replaces the use of polluting energy resources with clean ones . The main non - electric ways we use geothermal energy are DIRECT USES and GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS . DIRECT USES Geothermal waters ranging from 50 degrees F to over 300 degrees F , are used directly from the earth : ' to soothe aching muscles in hot springs , and health spas ( balneology ) ; to help grow flowers , vegetables , and other crops in greenhouses while snow - drifts pile up outside ( agriculture ) ; to shorten the time needed for growing fish , shrimp , abalone and alligators to maturity ( aquaculture to pasteurize milk , to dry onions and lumber and to wash wool ( industrial uses ) ; Space heating of individual buildings and of entire districts , is - besides hot spring bathing - the most common and the oldest direct use of nature ' s hot water . Geothermal district heating systems pump geothermal water through a heat exchanger , where it transfers its heat to clean city water that is piped to buildings in the district . There , a second heat exchanger transfers the heat to the building ' s heating system . The geothermal water is injected down a well back into the reservoir to be heated and used again . The first modern district heating system was developed in Boise , Idaho . ( In the western U.S. there are 271 communities with geothermal resources available for this use . ) Modern district heating systems also serve homes in Russia , China , France , Sweden , Hungary , Geothermal heat is being used in some creative ways ; its use is limited only by our ingenuity . For example , in Klamath Falls , Oregon , which has one of the largest district heating systems in the U.S. , geothermal water is also piped under roads and sidewalks to keep them from icing over in freezing weather . The cost of using any other method to keep hot water running continuously through cold pipes would be prohibitive . And in New Mexico and other places rows of pipes carrying geothermal water have been installed under soil , where GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS Animals have always known to burrow into the earth , where the temperature is relatively stable compared to the air temperature , to get shelter from winter ' s cold and summer ' s heat . People , too , have sought relief from bad weather in earth ' s caves . Today , with geothermal heat pumps ( GHP ' s ) , we take advantage of this stable earth temperature - about 45 - 58 degrees F just a few feet below the surface - to help keep our indoor temperatures comfortable . GHP ' s circulate water Heating : Earth ' s heat ( the difference between the earth ' s temperature and the colder temperature of the air ) is transferred through the buried pipes into the circulating liquid and then transferred again into the building . Cooling : During hot weather , the continually circulating fluid in the pipes ' picks up ' heat from the building - thus helping to cool it - and transfers it into the earth . GHP ' s use very little electricity and are very easy on the environment . In the U.S. , the temperature inside over 300,000 homes , schools and offices is kept comfortable by these energy saving systems , and hundreds of thousands more are used worldwide . The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has rated GHP ' s as among the most efficient of heating and cooling technologies . WHAT PARTS OF THE WORLD HAVE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ? Geothermal Worldwide For electricity and direct use : Geothermal reservoirs that are close enough to the surface to be reached by drilling can occur in places where geologic processes have allowed magma to rise up through the crust , near to the surface , or where it flows out as lava . The crust of the Earth is made up of huge plates , which are in constant but very slow motion relative to one another . Magma can reach near the surface in three main geologic areas : where Earth ' s large oceanic and crustal plates collide and one slides beneath another , called a subduction zone The best example of these hot regions around plate margins is the Ring of Fire - - the areas bordering the Pacific Ocean : the South American Andes , Central America , Mexico , the Cascade Range of the U.S. and Canada , the Aleutian Range of Alaska , the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia , Japan , the Philippines , Indonesia and New Zealand . spreading centers , where these plates are sliding apart , ( such as Iceland , the rift valleys of Africa , the mid - Atlantic Ridge and the Basin and Range Province in the U.S. ) ; and places called hot spots - - fixed points in the mantle that continually produce magma to the surface . Because the plate is continually moving across the hot spot , strings of volcanoes are formed , such as the chain of Hawaiian Islands . The countries currently producing the most electricity from geothermal reservoirs are the United States , New Zealand , Italy , Iceland , Mexico , the Philippines , Indonesia and Japan , but geothermal energy is also being used in many other countries . For geothermal heat pumps , use can be almost world - wide . The earth ' s temperature a few feet below the ground surface is relatively constant everywhere in the world ( about 45 - 58 degrees F ) , while the air temperature can change from summer to winter extremes . Unlike other kinds of geothermal heat , shallow ground temperatures are not dependent upon tectonic plate activity or other unique geologic processes . Thus geothermal heat pumps can be used to help heat and cool homes anywhere . HOW MUCH GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS THERE ? Thousands more megawatts of power than are currently being produced could be developed from already - identified hydrothermal resources . With improvements in technology , much more power will become available . Usable geothermal resources will not be limited to the " shallow " hydrothermal reservoirs at the crustal plate boundaries . Much of the world is underlain ( 3 - 6 miles down ) , by hot dry rock - no water , but lots of heat . Scientists in the U.S.A. , Japan , England , France , Germany and Belgium have experimented with piping water into this deep hot rock to create more hydrothermal resources for use in geothermal power plants . As drilling technology improves , allowing us to drill much deeper , geothermal energy from hot dry rock could be available anywhere . At such time , we will be able to tap the true potential of the enormous heat resources of the earth ' s crust . Thank you to our Generous Sponsors ! Worldwide Data and Map ] [ Geothermal Slide Show Ask an Expert ] [ More About Energy More Hot Websites Classroom & Public InformationMaterials About GEO ] [ Our Sponsors Contact Us ] [ Home Geothermal Facts Introductory Advanced Glossary © 1997 - 2000 Geothermal Education Office | [
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"EARTH 'S SURFACE",
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http://gephardtapproved.com/ | Approved Businesses Principles 1000 Guarantee Becoming Approved Getting Approved Investigation Process About Us Contact Us Your Most Trusted Source Category Location Radius Off mi Set radius for geolocation Search Gephardt Approved Main Categories Welcome to Gephardt Approved In the categories listed below you will find businesses that care about their customers We have investigated each one to ensure they are operating business at the highest standards Thats why I Bill Gephardt approved each and every one Advertising You can explore ways to build your business by using the professional advertising services these Gephardt Approved members provide Animal Services The Gephardt Approved companies listed here offer all of the services your pets need and they know your animals are an extension of your family Appliance Repair These Gephardt Approved members are experts in appliance repair and will help you keep your appliances running smoothly Automotive Whether youre looking for a new or used car or RV or you need to find an honest mechanic these Gephardt Approved companies can help you with the service you need Bail Bonds If either you or someone you love is in legal trouble and youre searching for a trustworthy bail bondsman one of these Gephardt Approved members can give you a hand Business Services Small business owners seeking human resource services for all employee related tasks including payroll administration and benefits can find Gephardt Approved members here Cleaning Services Whether its your home car or business the Gephardt Approved members listed here can help you keep the dirt where it belongs FinancialInvestment Services Whether preparing for retirement or college these Gephardt Approved companies can help you make the right choices for your financial future Fitness Get help meeting your fitness goals with one of our Gephardt Approved members listed here Furniture Designing your home with the perfect furniture is easy with one of our Gephardt Approved members listed here Healthcare Finding the right healthcare provider is easy when choosing a Gephardt Approved member Home Services Finding the right people to take care of your home is easy when you use Gephardt Approved members for your home services Insurance When disaster strikes having the right insurance is critical Gephardt Approved members like those listed here can help you make the right insurance decision for you and your family InternetTelelcom Being connected is a way of life Use one of these Gephardt Approved members to find the right one that fits your internettelecom needs Jewelry and Apparel Looking and feeling your best is easy when choosing a Gephardt Approved member listed here to help you with the perfect jewelry and apparel Miscellaneous Choosing the right person for the job is easy when choosing a Gephardt Approved member Mortgage Services Whether youre interested in buying a new home or refinancing an existing loan these Gephardt Approved companies offer mortgage services you can trust MortuaryCemetery After losing a loved one having someone comfort you like a Gephardt Approved mortuarycemetery member can be just what is needed MovingStorage Gephardt Approved movingstorage members are here to make taking care of your valuables a cinch Music Experienced musicians and beginners can find orchestra and band instruments for rentsale as well as support services by checking out these Gephardt Approved members Real Estate When looking for the perfect home or a company to manage that property look to these Gephardt Approved members to help you Seasonal Services From lawn care to Christmas lights these Gephardt Approved members have it handled for you | [
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http://gerd.emedtv.com/aciphex/what-is-aciphex-used-for.html | What Is Aciphex Used For ? Aciphex Uses : An Overview Aciphex ® rabeprazole sodium ) has been licensed to treat a number of conditions , which include : Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD Erosive esophagitis Duodenal ulcers Helicobacter pylori ( H . pylori ) infections Pathological hypersecretory conditions ( such as Zollinger - Ellison syndrome ) . Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Erosive Esophagitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) is a condition in which stomach acids and other contents go back into the esophagus . This can result in GERD symptoms , including the most common symptom of GERD - - heartburn . One of the complications of GERD is erosive esophagitis , which is when the lining of the esophagus becomes damaged from the stomach acid . Aciphex has been licensed to treat symptoms of GERD , including heartburn . It has also been licensed to treat erosive esophagitis . Once the damage has been healed , Aciphex may also be used prevent the return of erosive esophagitis . Duodenal Ulcers Duodenal ulcers are ulcers which are located in the first part of the small intestine . Aciphex is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers for both healing and improvement of ulcer symptoms . Helicobacter Pylori Infections Helicobacter pylori ( H . pylori ) are bacteria known to cause peptic ulcers , which are ulcers in the stomach or first part of the intestines , called the duodenum . Aciphex taken in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin has been shown to kill H . pylori . Therefore , your healthcare provider may recommend Aciphex to treat H . pylori if you currently have peptic ulcer disease or have had peptic ulcer disease within the last five years . Treating an H . pylori infection , even if you have no symptoms , will lower the chances of a peptic ulcer occurring . | [
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http://gerd.emedtv.com/licorice/benefits-of-licorice.html | Benefits of Licorice What Are the Benefits of Licorice ? Licorice may provide numerous health benefits . However , it can also be quite dangerous , causing serious side effects ( see Licorice Side Effects . Many " licorice " products in the United States contain little or no actual licorice . Instead , many licorice candies or other products contain anise flavoring , which tastes much like licorice , but does not have the benefits ( and side effects ) of real licorice . In addition , red licorice does not contain any real licorice . People have claimed that licorice is beneficial for treating the following conditions : Stomach ulcers ( gastric ulcers ) Small intestine ulcers ( duodenal ulcers ) Sore throat Bronchitis Indigestion or heartburn Adrenal insufficiency ( underactive adrenal gland function ) High cholesterol Viral infections , such as hepatitis Eczema Obesity . Some of these uses are more valid than others , but few have been extensively studied ( see Does Licorice Work ? for more information ) | [
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http://gerd.emedtv.com/nexium/nexium-side-effects.html | Nexium Side Effects Nexium Side Effects : An Introduction As with any medicine , there are possible side effects that may occur with Nexium ® esomeprazole magnesium ) . Yet , not everyone who takes Nexium will have problems . In fact , most people tolerate Nexium well . When people do develop Nexium side effects , they tend to be minor ; in most cases , they either require no treatment or can easily be treated by a healthcare professional . ( This article covers many , but not all , of the possible side effects with Nexium . Your healthcare provider can discuss a more complete list of Nexium side effects with you . ) Common Side Effects of Nexium Nexium has been studied extensively in clinical trials , with over 15,000 people worldwide having been evaluated . In these studies , the side effects that occurred in a group of people taking the drug were documented and then compared to the side effects that occurred in another group of people taking a placebo ( a " sugar pill " that does not contain any active ingredients ) . As a result , it was possible to see what side effects occurred , how often they appeared , and how they compared to the group not taking the medicine . The most common side effects of Nexium , occurring in more than 1 percent of patients , were : Headache - - see Nexium Headaches Diarrhea Nausea Flatulence Abdominal pain Constipation Dry mouth . | [
"Nexium Side Effects"
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http://gerd.emedtv.com/zantac/generic-zantac.html | Generic Zantac Can I Buy Generic Zantac ? Zantac ® ranitidine hydrochloride ) is a medication that has been licensed to treat several conditions of the esophagus , stomach , and intestines . It is part of a class of drugs known as H2 blockers . Zantac is available both over - the - counter ( OTC ) and by prescription . Prescription Zantac was originally manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline . Over - the - counter Zantac was first made by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare . Both versions are off - patent and currently available as generics . Available Strengths For prescription generic Zantac , the following strengths are available : Ranitidine 150 mg tablets Ranitidine 300 mg tablets Ranitidine 15 mg per mL syrup . Generic versions of Zantac EFFERdose ® tablets are not available . For over - the - counter generic Zantac , the following strengths are available : Ranitidine 75 mg tablets Ranitidine 150 mg tablets . Who Makes Generic Zantac ? There are many makers of generic Zantac . Ask your pharmacist about the different drug companies that manufacture Zantac generics . eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://gerdysrescue.org/ | Gerdys Rescues Adoptions Turning sad tales into happy tails Gerdys Rescues Adoptions About Us Mission Statement Contact Our supporters Important Tips Info Surrendering Archives Adoptions Dogs Cats Reserved Adoption Process Fees Happy Endings Tales to Tell In Memoriam News Events Get Involved Fostering Volunteering ThirdParty Fundraising About Us GERDYS RESCUES AND ADOPTIONS is a nonprofit organization and registered charity It is a small but very active grassroots volunteerbased group founded and | [
"Adoptions"
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http://german.about.com/library/bleuro_voc.htm | Europe Germany Guide Money in Germany By Birge Amondson Updated 05 / 28 / 18 Erin Porter In Germany , " cash is king " is more than just a saying . It is the way life works . Expect to become very familiar with ATMs and euros as you travel through this fascinating country . This overview will help you navigate money matters in Germany . The Euro Since 2002 , Germany ’ s official currency is the Euro ( pronounced in German like OY - row ) . It is among 19 Eurozone countries that use this currency . The symbol is € and it was created by a German , Arthur Eisenmenger The code is EUR . The euro is divided into 100 cents and are issued in € 2 , € 1 , 50c , 20c , 10c , 5c , 2c , and tiny 1c denominations . Banknotes are issued in € 500 , € 200 , € 100 , € 50 , € 20 , € 10 and € 5 domination . Coins feature designs from each of the member countries , and banknotes picture typically charming European doors , window , and bridges as well as a map of Europe . To find out the current exchange rate , go to www . xe . com ATMs in Germany The quickest , easiest and usually cheapest way to exchange money is to use an ATM , called Geldautomat in German . They are ubiquitous in German cities and can be accessed 24 / 7 . They are present at UBahn stations , grocery stores , airports , malls , shopping streets , train station , etc . They almost always have a language option so you can operate the machine in your native language . Before you depart , make sure you know your 4 - digit PIN number . Also , ask your bank if you have to pay a fee for international withdrawals and how much you can withdraw daily . Your bank might have a partner bank in Germany which can save you money ( for example , Deutsche Bank and Bank of America ) . It can also be helpful to inform your bank of your movements so foreign withdrawals do not raise suspicion . Use this website to find an ATM near you . Exchanging Money in Germany You can exchange your foreign currency and travelers ' checks at German banks or exchange bureaux ( called Wechselstube or Geldwechsel in German ) . They are not as common as they once were , but can still be found at airports , railway stations , and even major hotels . You may also consider online services like PayPal , Transferwise , World First , Xoom , etc . They often feature better rates in this digital age . Credit Cards and the EC Bank Card in Germany Compared to the U.S , most Germans still prefer to pay cash and many shops and cafes do not accept cards , especially in smaller German cities . An estimated 80 % of all transactions in Germany are in cash . The importance of cash can not be overestimated . Before you enter shops or restaurants , check the doors - they often display stickers showing which cards are accepted . Also , note that bank cards in Germany work a bit differently than in the USA . EC bank cards are the norm and work like a US debit card in that they connect to your current account . They feature a magnetic strip on the back of the card with a chip on the front . Many US cards now have these attributes as they are necessary to use in Europe . Inquire at your home bank if you are not sure about your card ' s features . Visa and MasterCard are usually accepted in Germany - but not everywhere . ( American Express to an even lesser extent . ) Credit cards ( Kreditkarte ) are less common and withdrawing money with your credit card at an ATM ( you have to know your PIN number ) may result in high fees . German Banks German Banks are usually open Monday through Friday , 8 : 30 to 17 : 00 . In small towns , they may close earlier or at lunch . They are also closed on the weekend , but ATM machines are accessible all day , every day . Bank employees are often comfortable in English , but be prepared to find your way around with terms like Girokonto / Sparkonto ( checking / savings account ) and Kasse ( cashier ’ s window ) . Opening an account can be a bit tricky as some banks do n ' t offer English - language information and require some fluency , or simply refuse foreigners opening accounts . In general , to open a bank account in Germany you need : Passport with applicable visa Certificate of residency ( Anmeldung Pay statement from your employer or Proof of funds Note that checks are not used in Germany . Instead , they use direct transfers known as Überweisung This is the way people pay their rent , receive their paychecks , and make everything from minor to major purchases . | [
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http://german.about.com/library/bltiere_fish.htm | Humanities Languages Tricky Masculine Nouns in German These German nouns have somewhat irregular endings World Languages . Getty Images / myillo by Hyde Flippo Updated March 17 , 2017 German is a pretty rule heavy language , but as with any rules , there are always exceptions . In this article we ' ll dive into masculine nouns that have irregular endings . Masculine Nouns Ending in ' e ' Most German nouns ending in - e are feminine . ( See Gender Hints . ) But there are some very common e - ending masculine nouns — sometimes referred to as " weak " nouns ( and many derived from adjectives ) . Here are a few common examples : der Alte ( old man ) der Beamte ( civil servant ) der Deutsche ( male German ) der Franzose ( Frenchman ) der Fremde ( stranger ) der Gatte ( male spouse ) der Kollege ( colleague ) der Kunde ( customer ) der Junge ( boy ) der Riese ( giant ) der Verwandte ( relative ) Almost all such masculine nouns ending in - e der Käse being a rare exception ) add an - n ending in the genitive and plural . They also add an - n ending in any case other than the nominative , i.e. , in the accusative , dative , and genitive cases ( den / dem Kollegen des Kollegen ) . But there are a few more variations on this " ending " theme : Some Masculine Nouns Add ' ens ' in the Genitive Another small group of German masculine nouns ending in - requires an unusual ending in the genitive case . While most German masculine nouns add - s or - es in the genitive , these nouns add - ens instead . This group includes : der Name / des Namens ( of the name ) der Glaube / des Glaubens ( of the belief ) der Buchstabe / des Buchstabens of the letter , referring to the alphabet der Friede / des Friedens ( of the peace ) der Funke / des Funkens ( of the spark ) der Same / des Samens ( of the seed ) der Wille / des Willens ( of the will ) Masculine Nouns Referring to Animals , People , Titles , or Professions This group of common masculine nouns includes some that end in - der Löwe , lion ) , but there are also other typical endings : - ant der Kommandant ) , - ent der Präsident ) , - r der Bär t der Architekt ) . As you can see , these German nouns often resemble the same word in English , French , or other languages . For nouns in this group you need to add an - en ending in any case other than the nominative : " Er sprach mit dem Präsident en . " ( dative ) . Nouns That Add - , - Some nouns add an ' n ' , ' en ' , or another ending in any case other than the nominative . ( AKK . ) " Kennst du den Franzose ? " ( Do you know the Frenchman ? ) ( DAT . ) " Was hat sie dem Junge gegeben ? " ( What did she give the boy ? ) ( GEN . ) " Das ist der Name des Herr . " ( That ' s the gentleman ' s name . ) Other Irregular German Masculine Nouns Endings shown are for ( 1 ) the genitive / accusative / dative and ( 2 ) the plural . der Alte old man ( - , - der Architekt architect ( - ) * * * der Automat vending machine ( - ) * * * der Bär bear ( - ) * * * Often des Bärs in informal genitive usage der Bauer farmer , peasant ; yokel ( - der Beamte civil servant ( - der Bote messenger ( - der Bursche boy , lad ; fellow , guy ( - der Deutsche male German ( - der Einheimische native , local ( - der Erwachsene adult ( - der Franzose Frenchman ( - der Fremde stranger ( - der Fürst prince ( - der Gatte male spouse ( - der Gefangene prisoner ( - der Gelehrte scholar ( - der Graf count ( - der Heilige saint ( - der Held hero ( - der Herr gentleman , lord ( - der Hirt herdsman ( - der Kamerad comrade ( - der Kollege colleague ( - der Kommandant commander ( - der Kunde customer ( - der Löwe lion ; Leo ( astrol . ) ( - der Mensch person , human being ( - der Nachbar neighbor ( - Often the - n ending is only used in the genitive singular . der Junge boy ( - der Käse cheese ( - s , - ) * Plural is usually Käsesorten der Planet planet ( - der Präsident president ( - der Prinz prince ( - der Riese giant ( - der Soldat soldier ( - der Tor fool , idiot ( - der Verwandte relative ( - A final comment about these special masculine nouns . In common , everyday German ( casual versus more formal register ) , the genitive - or - endings are sometimes replaced by an - es . In some cases , the accusative or dative endings are also dropped . | [
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http://germanfood.about.com/od/regionalspecialties/tp/12Germansausages.htm | German Mains Pork Mains European Food German Food 12 German Sausages , From Brilliant to Wonderful By Jennifer McGavin Updated 11 / 06 / 18 German sausages are delicious and the source of much national pride . In fact , many beloved recipes from certain areas are considered closely guarded secrets . Here , we let you in on 12 of the most common German sausages . 01 of 12 Bratwurst Naki Kouyioumtzis / Getty Images Bratwurst and Rostbratwurst is a sausage made from finely minced pork and beef and usually grilled and served with sweet German mustard and a piece of bread or hard roll . It can be sliced and made into Currywurst by slathering it in a catchup - curry sauce . Thüringer Rostbratwurst features spices like marjoram and caraway , sometimes garlic . The sausage , which are large and usually grilled , is formed using casings from pig intestines . 02 of 12 Nürnberger Rostbratwurst Getty Images Nürnberger Rostbratwurst – smaller ( pinkie - finger - sized ) bratwurst sausages , flavored with marjoram and a source of great national ( for the state of Franconia ) pride . Served six at a time , grilled , with sauerkraut and potatoes with a side of horseradish cream . 03 Blood Sausage ( Blutwurst ) Getty Images Blutwurst , or blood sausage , is made with congealed pig or cow blood and contains fillers like meat , fat , bread or oatmeal . It is sliced and eaten cold on bread . 04 Frankfurter ( Bockwurst ) Bockwurst originated in Frankfurt and is made from veal with some pork or other meats and flavored with salt , pepper and paprika . It is boiled and eaten with Bock beer and mustard . It looks like a curved hot dog . Continue to 5 of 12 below . 05 Bregenwurst Foodcollection / Getty Images Bregenwurst comes from Lower Saxony and is made of pork , pork belly and pig or cattle brain . It is often stewed and served with kale . It is about the size and color of Knackwurst . ( Nowadays , Bregenwurst does not contain brain as an ingredient . ) 06 Knackwurst esemelwe / Getty Images Short and stubby Knackwurst , or Knockwurst , sausages are often all - beef and flavored with garlic . They are sometimes smoked and then served traditionally with sauerkraut and potato salad . 07 Landjäger Landjäger is a type of dried sausage made from beef , pork , lard , sugar and spices . It is air dried and resembles a small salami . It does not require refrigeration and can be eaten cold or boiled . 09 Leberkäse Westend61 / Getty Images Leberkäse ( literally " liver cheese " ) from Bavaria is a type of sausage that does not contain cheese or liver . It is similar to a pink meatloaf with very finely minced corned beef , pork and onions . It is spiced with marjoram and baked in a bread pan until a golden crust develops . Served freshly baked in 1 / 2 inch slices , many people also enjoy eating it cold . 10 Teewurst Teewurst is an air - dried or raw sausage ( like salami and Landjägerwurst ) made from pork , bacon and beef . After being smoked over beechwood , it then undergoes a fermentation much like yogurt to help preserve it . Teewurst got its name in 1874 from its inventor , Karoline Ulrike Rudolph , and was meant to be eaten at tea - time on open - faced sandwiches . Known for its mild and slightly sour flavor , the recipe is kept secret . 11 Gelbwurst Gelbwurst means yellow sausage and takes its name from the saffron - colored casings used to make it . Gelbwurst is mildly spiced with lemon , mace , ginger and cardamon . While it used to contain brain , it does n ’ t today . It can be made from pork , bacon , beef or chicken . 12 Weisswurst Weiβwurst ( white sausage ) is a traditional sausage of Southern Germany made with veal and bacon and flavored with parsley , onion , lemon and cardamom . This sausage is boiled and eaten without the skin . Because it traditionally contains no preservatives , weiβwurst is usually eaten before noon with sweet mustard , beer and soft pretzels . | [
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http://germanfoodguide.com/holiday-christmas.cfm | Christmas ( Weihnachten Christmas is the second most significant holiday for Christians . The birth of Jesus Christ is celebrated on this day . Christmas is the most celebrated holiday in Germany , as it is throughout Europe and here in the U.S Christmas in Germany is very similar to Christmas here in the U.S. Germans put up a Christmas tree and decorate the house , both inside and out , with Christmas decorations . The Weihnachtsman , Germany ' s version of Santa Claus , is a symbolic figure representing the gift - giving that takes place between family and friends . Likewise , Christmas music is an important part of the season . Here we discuss some of the German Christmas traditions , with an emphasis , of course , on the food . The Christmas Meal The Christmas meal in Germany is a very important part of the Christmas celebration . This is usually an extravagant , multi - course meal enjoyed on December 25th . On Christmas Eve , December 24th , a simpler meal is served . Traditional Christmas Eve meals Traditional Christmas Day meals Advent Advent is a very important part of the Christmas season in Germany . For Christians , Advent - time is the four weeks before Christmas and represents the waiting for the birth of Christ . For non - Christians , Advent is a time to prepare for the Christmas celebration . Advent is celebrated on the four Sundays preceding Christmas and ends on Christmas Eve . The time of Advent is filled with many traditions in Germany . The Advent - Wreath ( Adventskranz ) is a very important part of Advent - time . It has four candles and each Advent - Sunday a candle on the wreath is lit to represent Christ , the Light of the World . Equally important , especially for children , is the Advent - Calendar . This is a calendar with 24 tiny doors that counts down the days until Christmas . Everyday a door is opened . Behind the door can be a cartoon , a small toy or gift , or candy or chocolate . Advent is also the time to decorate the house for Christmas , both inside and out . This time is also used to bake Christmas cookies , cakes , and other sweets . We have listed many of the traditional baked goods and sweets ( right ) that are so well known throughout Germany . A very important day for children during Advent is Nikolaus Day ( Nikolaustag ) , December 6th . On this day , Nikolaus is said to pass by and leave the children candy chocolate , fruits , nuts , or small presents in stockings or boots that they ' ve placed outside the front door for him . Historically , Nikolaus represents Nikolaus von Myra , a bishop from Asia Minor ( Southern Turkey ) , who died on December 6th in the 4th century . Not too much is known about this man , except that he was known for his kindness and good deeds , especially toward children . December 24th , Christmas Eve , is the last day of Advent . On this day , many people go to church or attend a midnight mass . Also , many families choose to exchange their Christmas gifts on this day . Christmas Markets Photo : © Markus Langer - Fotolia . com In the weeks before Christmas , many cities throughout Germany , and here in the U.S. , offer an open - air Christmas Market ( Weihnachtsmarkt , Christkindlesmarkt , Christkindlemarkt , Christkindlmarkt or Adventmarkt ) . Historically , these markets were called " Winter Markets , " where visitors could take care of winter necessities . But over time , these changed from Winter Markets to Christmas Markets and are now a major part of German Christmas tradition . Read More > > Christmas Markets in the U.S . Photo : © Johanna Mühlbauer - Fotolia . com In Germany , each family has its own food traditions for the Christmas holiday . However , here we list some of the most popular Christmas foods . Main Courses Goose Weihnachtsgans Carp Weihnachtskarpfen Fondue Sausages Würstchen Potato Salad Kartoffelsalat Baked Goods & Other Sweets Beverages Christmas Punch Weihnachtspunsch Egg Grog Eiergrog Glühwein Hot Apple Cider Glühmost Hot Rum Rumgrog Weihnachtsbier | [
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http://germangulf.com/industrial-profile.html | Industrial Tools Workshop Equipment Our product portfolio includes tools that are designed for generating and controlling precision power in various industrial applications that includes ship building engineering heavy transport maintenance petrochemical oil and gas offshore construction and installation mining and civil engineering We produce a wide range of Power Tools Hand Tools Measurement Testing Tools Workshop Garage Equipments Compressors Air Tools Chemicals Cleaners Industrial Adhesives Engineering Epoxys Request for Quotation Name Email Subject Message Send Message Our Four Major Verticals Industrial Tools Workshop Equipments Lubricants Lubrication Tools Equipments After Market Truck Spare Parts Batteries Hospitality Recreational Clubs Our Brands BOSCH Measurement Testing Power Speciality Tools Drills Impacts MILWAUKEE Power Cordless Hand Metal Working Fastening Tools WEICON Zinc Technical Aluminium Welding Protection Sprays FRIULSIDER Anchors Chemicals Roofing Wood Screws Bolts ATLAS COPCO Air Petrol Diesel Compressors BERNER Chemicals Additives Workshop Tools SAFETY SOLUTIONS Helmets Safety Glasses Reflective Signs PPE Products | [
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http://get-cmd.com/?p=4425 | Licensing mode for the Remote Desktop Session Host is not configured 29 juin 2017 Nicolas Remote Desktop Service 0 When you configure your RDS deployment you may get the following error when opening the RD Licensing Diagnoser Licenses are not available for this Remote desktop session host server and Licensing mode for the Remote Desktop Session Host is not configured Error Fix First you can read this article You will need to configure the licensing mode in registry even if you have already set the licensing mode in the RDS Deployment Open the registry and go to HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlTerminal ServerRCMLicensing CoreLicensingMode and change the DWORD value from 5 to 2 for Per Device 4 for Per User I dont know if it is a bug or not Thanks for reading You can follow me on Twitter PrigentNico Mode RDS Remote Desktop Services About Nicolas 248 Articles I work as a System Engineer based in Switzerland with a primary focus on Microsoft technologies I have 8 years experience in administering Windows Servers I am a Microsoft MVP for Cloud Datacenter Management I also received the PowerShell Hero 2016 award by PowerShell0rg And finally I am MCSE Cloud Platform and Infrastructure MCSA Windows Servers Administering Deploying SCCM and CheckPoint CCSA certified Previous article Next article | [
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http://get-likes.com/ | Time left : 3 days 3 hrs 40 min 58 sec Buy Facebook Likes for Effective Promotion Facebook is extremely popular social network throughout the world . It allows creating not only personal pages , but also business pages that may be used for effective promotion . A good opportunity to attract attention of the public to your Facebook page is to use advertising . Please , note that we offer you the service to advertise your Facebook pages , also websites , videos , pictures and so on by inviting new fans , followers ( subscribers ) to your pages . The main activity of our Company is successful Social promotion of our clients . Cooperate with us and you will get numerous advantages . We offer to attract new Facebook fans to your account . Your page will get only real and active followers . Just choose convenient Facebook likes package or other service with the certain number of the new fans . You will get specified amount in the stipulated period of time . In other case you will get total refund from us . Have you ever seen the offers to buy unreal Facebook fans or Facebook likes ? We can assure that such scheme does not work . Only real fans can bring real traffic to your page or site . Robots will not bring you success and effective promotion . Real followers will get new updates from you and help you to develop your business . We offer only true Facebook likes and fans that will be the direct benefit to you . 100 % Guaranteed Real Facebook Fans Why do I need more Facebook likes ? The more Facebook likes you get , the more serious and trustworthy your page looks . Likes are the cause why people chose your company among the competitors . You will get the opportunity to offer your services and products to the great amount of people . The subscribers of your page will be able to post your news and pictures on their pages also . So you will get new subscribers and customers easily and naturally . Why should I trust you ? Our Company uses the most effective schemes to attract public attention to your Facebook page or a website . You will get 100 % true FB fans from different countries of the world which will be the potential customers for your Company . You can trust us because we are high quality professionals and we offer a variety of packages , among which you may find the most suitable one . We are real experts with the huge experience and we know how to promote your business . Facebook Likes Service Reviews I ’ ve always wanted to have a lot of Facebook fans and likes . I spent a lot of time looking for a trustworthy company providing such services . I ’ d tried to cooperate with different companies before I found your company . Now I can say that you are the only real professionals in this area and I can trust you completely . I have received specified number of new subscribers as it was for my package . Many of my new subscribers have become my consumers already . The number of my orders is gradually increasing Maggie Lee I ’ m a regular customer of your Company and have already made 6 orders . I ’ m glad that you can fulfill all my orders less than in 2 days . I have tried the services from the other companies and they offer much higher prices than you do . I ’ m happy that I ’ ve found your website . You provide not only high - rate services but also 24 / 7 friendly and professional support . It ’ s such a pleasure to cooperate with professionals . Stan McManus Our company has made a page for business on Facebook . We were looking for effective ways to add more of Facebook fans and likes in order to attract the attention of the new consumers . We really thought that we could be banned or blocked for using “ buy Facebook likes ” offers . Fortunately we tried a company which provided true Facebook fans . It was your company and we were very lucky that we had the opportunity to cooperate with you . We have ordered a package for 5,000 Facebook likes recently and received more than 5,000 Margaret Tormunt I want to say great THANK YOU to your Company . I have ordered Facebook likes package on your web source and got more than 20,000 likes just in a couple of days ! It is amazing ! I have never even thought that your company ’ s services could give me many new opportunities for promotion and success . Now my business is developing rapidly and gets more and more new consumers every day because of the new true subscribers . I plan to make the second page and then I will come back to your site for sure Mickey Clarckson , UK read all reviews | [
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http://getawaytips.azcentral.com/cheapest-months-travel-caribbean-4925.html | The Cheapest Months to Travel to the Caribbean The Caribbean is an enticing arc of islands that stretches from the Bahamas off the coast of Florida down to Trinidad and Tobago in sight of Venezuela . While the powdery white - sand beaches and luxury resorts traditionally have provided an exclusive playground for the jet set , the region is by no means beyond the budget of the discerning traveler . For a start , according to Florida - Caribbean Cruise Association figures , the region accounts for 40 percent of global cruise tourism , whereby passengers can visit a handful of islands with all meals provided , Low Season The Caribbean low season , according to Smarter Travel , is from mid - April to mid - December , during which hotel prices drop considerably compared to the peak season over Christmas . The reason for the seasons is twofold : June 1 to November 30 officially is hurricane season , when the threat of storms limits marine activity and sees many islands scale back their tourist offerings . Cheapoair observes that while prices in June , July and August are considerably lower than in winter , the climate is barely any different ; temperatures remain in the mid Perfect Timing More precise attention to the calendar throws up even better bargains . For a cruise , CNN recommends avoiding the higher prices of the so - called “ wave season ” from January to March , and instead looking for last - minute deals in October up to Thanksgiving . Similarly , vacationers should attack the shoulder between the end of Thanksgiving and the beginning of the Christmas break - - the two most expensive times - - when there is a calm between storms . The Daily Telegraph identifies cheaper airfares at the end of August , while early Go All - inclusive Some islands simply are cheaper to travel to than others , and offer more competitive all - inclusive packages not available elsewhere . Price of Travel counts over 250 all - inclusive resorts spread over 20 islands , with over half in the Dominican Republic . CNN ’ s article notes the Dominican Republic and Jamaica tend to be 20 to 40 percent cheaper than the competition by virtue of cheaper labor costs and a greater concentration of resorts vying for business . By contrast , there are precious few deals to be had in exclusive islands such as St Regional Variations The southern islands outside the hurricane zone , such as Aruba , Bonaire , Curacao , and Trinidad and Tobago , do not see as marked a price drop as those within the storm path , as they market themselves as year - round destinations . The New York Times recommends staying near the mainland to keep the proportion of costs allocated to airfare to a minimum . In fact , some hotels in the Bahamas offer an air credit promotion toward reimbursing the costs of the flight . Away from the bigger islands , tourists can take advantage of References Smarter Travel : When to Visit the Caribbean Cheapoair : Best and Worst Times to Visit the Caribbean CNN : Travel on the Cheap The Daily Telegraph : Caribbean Holidays Booking Guide The New York Times : A Guide to the Caribbean on a Budget Price of Travel : Cheap Destinations Around the World by Month Resources Florida - Caribbean Cruise Association : 2012 Industry Overview About the Author Nick Marshall is a UK - based writer specializing in trends and best - practice in the B2B sector . Photo Credits | [
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http://getawaytips.azcentral.com/fluid-ounces-can-fly-plane-2529.html | Fluid Ounces You Can Fly on a Plane With With ever - changing baggage fees , security checks and identification requirements , air travel can be confusing . Part of this confusion is what you are and are n ' t allowed to place in your luggage . For safety reasons , the quantity of liquid you can take onto a plane has been strictly limited . Understanding how much and what kind of liquid you can put in your checked luggage and carry - on bags is important before packing for your next flight . The 3 - 1 - 1 Rule The Transportation Security Administration devised the 3 - 1 - 1 Rule for liquids in carry - on luggage . The rule states that you can bring as many 3.4 - ounce bottles as will fit into a 1 - quart bag , and there is a limit of one bag per ticketed passenger . The bag must be made of clear plastic with a zip - close top . To make getting through security easier , remove the bag from your carry - on luggage and place the bag flat in one of the bins provided . Items Defined as Liquid The items placed in your 3 - 1 - 1 bag typically include toiletries . This includes liquid shampoo , lotion , hair gels , nonaerosol hair spray , gel deodorants , toothpaste , liquid makeup and lip gloss . Solid , white deodorants , powder or cake makeup and solid lipsticks do not have to go in your 3 - 1 - 1 bag . You are not allowed to bring aerosols , bleach , paint thinner , gasoline , lighter fluid or any flammable liquid on a plane . Special Items Certain liquids such as medications , baby formula and breast milk are exempt from the 3 - 1 - 1 Rule , but you must declare them when going through security . Medications should be left in their original containers with your name on them to make getting through security quicker . These items are subject to manual inspection by TSA officials and you should allow extra time to get through the security line . If you have liquid food items such as jelly or sauces , it ' s best to place them in your checked luggage . Checked Luggage Bottles of liquid larger than 3.4 ounces must be put in checked luggage . The exception to this is items you have declared or have purchased once you have passed through security such as bottles of water or liquids from duty - free shops such as perfume or liquor . As with carry - on bags , you can not put dangerous or flammable liquids in your checked luggage . References Transportation Security Administration : Make Your Trip Better Using 3 - 1 - 1 Transportation Security Administration : Prohibited Items Resources Transportation Security Administration : Traveler Information About the Author Based in Portland , Ore . , Tammie Painter has been writing garden , fitness , science and travel articles since 2008 . Her articles have appeared in magazines such as " Herb Companion " and " Northwest Travel " and she is the author of six books . Painter earned her Bachelor of Science in biology from Portland State University . Photo Credits | [
"Fluid Ounces"
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http://getawaytips.azcentral.com/things-can-cant-bring-plane-1366.html | Things You Can & Ca n ' t Bring on a Plane Though the many Transportation Security Administration regulations regarding what you can and ca n ' t take on airplanes can feel restrictive , their purpose is to guarantee the safety of the passengers and flight crew . While packing your bags , check that everything in both carry - on and checked luggage is allowed on board , or serious consequences could follow . Liquids Liquids may be brought in carry - on baggage as long as they meet size regulations . All liquids , such as shampoo , lotion and mouthwash , must be in original containers of 3.4 ounces or less . Place all your liquid containers in a quart - sized plastic bag . Only one bag of liquids is allowed per passenger . Opened bottles that hold more than 3.4 ounces but only contain small amounts of liquid are not allowed in carry - on luggage and must be checked . Breast Milk , Juice and Formula Hungry babies and their parents can rejoice : Breast milk , juice and formula are allowed on airplanes in bottles holding more than the standard 3.4 ounces and do not need to be placed in a baggie . While it ' s not necessary for anyone to taste the items to prove their safety , security officers may subject them to tests or open containers to check the contents . To make things easy , present these items separately when going through security . Banned Carry - On Items Certain items are banned from carry - on luggage . Sharp objects , such as scissors , box cutters and knives , must be placed in checked bags . Sporting goods that could cause injury , including baseball bats , fencing foils and golf clubs , must also be checked , according to the TSA . Firearms and ammunition must be put in checked bags , and guns must be unloaded , placed in a hard , locked container and declared separately before you fly . Items Banned From All Baggage Some items are considered too dangerous even for checked baggage and are not allowed on planes under any circumstances . Explosives , including fireworks , dynamite and blasting caps , may not be brought on flights - - and this includes realistic fakes of explosive items , like a toy grenade . Bleach , gasoline and lighter fluid , in addition to other dangerous chemicals , are banned from all planes . Strike - anywhere matches can not be placed in checked bags , but one pack is allowed in a carry - on bag . References Independent Traveler : Airport Security Q&A Fodor ' s : Your Best Packing Tips : Flying with the 3 - 1 - 1 Rule TSA : Traveling With Formula , Breast Milk , and Juice TSA : Prohibited Items Resources Real Simple : 20 Tips From Air - Travel Insiders Independent Traveler : Packing Tips Travel Sense : Packing Lists and Packing Tips About the Author Hallie Engel is a food and lifestyle writer whose work has appeared in several international publications . She served as a restaurant critic for " Time Out Abu Dhabi " and " Time Out Amsterdam " and has also written about food culture in the United Arab Emirates for " M Magazine . " She holds a bachelor ' s degree in communications and film studies from University of Amsterdam . Photo Credits | [
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http://getbem.com/naming/ | Naming There are only two hard problems in Computer Science : cache invalidation and naming things — Phil Karlton It is a known fact that the right styleguide can significantly increase development speed , debugging , and the implementation of new features in legacy code . Sadly , most CSS codebases are sometimes developed without any structure or naming conventions . This leads to an unmaintainable CSS codebase in the long term . The BEM approach ensures that everyone who participates in the development of a website works with a single codebase and speaks the same language . Using proper naming will prepare you for the changes in design of the website . Block Encapsulates a standalone entity that is meaningful on its own . While blocks can be nested and interact with each other , semantically they remain equal ; there is no precedence or hierarchy . Holistic entities without DOM representation ( such as controllers or models ) can be blocks as well . Naming Block names may consist of Latin letters , digits , and dashes . To form a CSS class , add a short prefix for namespacing : .block HTML Any DOM node can be a block if it accepts a class name . < div class = " block " > . . . < / div > CSS Use class name selector only No tag name or ids No dependency on other blocks / elements on a page .block { color : # 042 ; } Element Parts of a block and have no standalone meaning . Any element is semantically tied to its block . Element names may consist of Latin letters , digits , dashes and underscores . CSS class is formed as block name plus two underscores plus element name : .block __elem HTML Any DOM node within a block can be an element . Within a given block , all elements are semantically equal . < div class = " block " > . . . < span class = " block__elem " > < / span > < / div > CSS Use class name selector only No tag name or ids No dependency on other blocks / elements on a page Good .block __elem { color : # 042 ; } Bad .block .block __elem { color : # 042 ; } div . block__elem { color : # 042 ; } Modifier Flags on blocks or elements . Use them to change appearance , behavior or state . Modifier names may consist of Latin letters , digits , dashes and underscores . CSS class is formed as block ’ s or element ’ s name plus two dashes : .block - - mod or .block __elem - - mod and .block - - color - black with .block - - color - red . Spaces in complicated modifiers are replaced by dash . Modifier is an extra class name which you add to a block / element DOM node . Add modifier classes only to blocks / elements they modify , and keep the original class : Good < div class = " block block - - mod " > . . . < / div > < div class = " block block - - size - big block - - shadow - yes " > . . . < / div > Bad < div class = " block - - mod " > . . . < / div > Use modifier class name as selector : .block - - hidden { } To alter elements based on a block - level modifier : .block - - mod .block __elem { } Element modifier : .block __elem - - mod { } Example Suppose you have block form with modifiers theme : " xmas " and simple : true and with elements input submit , and element submit with its own modifier disabled : true for not submitting form while it is not filled : < form class = " form form - - theme - xmas form - - simple " > < input class = " form__input " type = " text " / > < input class = " form__submit form__submit - - disabled " type = " submit " / > < / form > .form { } .form - - theme - xmas { } .form - - simple { } .form __input { } .form __submit { } .form __submit - - disabled { } | [
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http://getbusygardening.com/gardening-basics-perennials-vs-annuals/ | Home Gardening For Beginners Annuals vs Perennials : What ’ s The Difference ? Annuals vs Perennials : What ’ s The Difference ? By Amy Andrychowicz | 2 Comments What ’ s the difference between annuals and perennials ? That is a common question that new gardeners have , and it can be very confusing . In this post , I ’ ll clear up the confusion between annuals vs perennials , and also give you the definition of a few other confusing terms you might see when shopping for plants . Annuals vs Perennials When I first started gardening , I could never remember the difference between perennial and annual plants . Then things really got confusing for me when I would hear other terms thrown around like “ biennial ” , “ hardy annuals ” , “ tender perennials ” … ahhh , what does it all mean ! ? I did n ’ t know so I just chose to ignore all of those words . Now that I am a seasoned gardener , I know the importance of understanding what all of those different terms mean . Understanding these terms has helped me become a more successful gardener . I want to help clear up the confusion for you too , so here goes … What Is The Difference Between Annuals And Perennials ? The difference between annuals and perennials is that annuals only live for one year , and perennials live for many years . BUT … just like everything with gardening ( or so it seems ) , it ’ s a bit more complicated than that . Annuals vs perennials … it seems like it should be black and white , right ? However , there are several other terms you may see when you ’ re out shopping for plants that might confuse you , and can definitely muddy the waters . I ’ m going to dive into the details now , so hopefully I ’ ll answer all of your questions . Let me start with the easiest ones first … What Does Perennial Mean ? Perennials plants are the ones that survive through the winter , and grow back every year in the garden . These are usually further defined as plants that survive more than two years in the garden . Most perennial flowers wo n ’ t bloom until they are mature or well established , which can take a year or so after they are planted . It usually takes perennial more than one growing season to mature when grown from seed . Examples of perennial plants : It depends on where you live , but here are a few examples of popular perennial garden plants where I live … hostas , day lilies , cone flowers , sedums , peonies , black - eyed Susan , bleeding heart , liatris . Coneflowers are examples of perennial plants What Are Annual Plants ? Annual plants are the ones that you have to replant every year , annuals do n ’ t come back every year . True annuals are plants that , in one growing season , start from seed , quickly grow to maturity , bloom continuously , set seed and then die . Most annuals grown in my short growing season here in zone 4 will be killed off by frost before they reach the end of their life - cycle . An easy way to remember this is that planting annual flowers is something you have to do annually , like your taxes ( except WAY more fun ! ! ) . This used to confuse me because I thought of it the opposite way , annuals come back annually right ? Nope , but the confusion is understandable ( and now I probably just confused you ! ) . Sometimes annuals act like perennials because they reseed themselves every year , so it can be a bit confusing to keep them straight just by judging by what grows back in your garden every summer . Annual plant examples : Here are a few examples of true annual plants ( and not just the ones they sell at the store as annuals ) … petunia , marigold , snapdragon , zinnia , moss rose , morning glory , sunflowers . Marigolds are annual plant examples But wait , there ’ s more … What Is A Biennial ? A biennial is a plant that only lives for two growing seasons and then dies . Characteristics for this type of plant are that during the first season , the plant growth will be foliage only , no flowers . Flowering usually only occurs during the second growing season , and then the plant will set seed and die . Most biennials reseed themselves and grow new plants in the spring , so they appear to be perennial . Biennials are usually found in the perennials section of most nurseries , but the tag should tell you that it ’ s a biennial ( hopefully ) . Examples of biennials : Here are a few examples of biennials plants that you might be familiar with … foxglove , lupine , hollyhock , forget - me - not , dianthus . Foxgloves are an example of a biennial plant What Does Hardy Perennial Mean ? Now , to really start blurring the lines … some types of perennials are more hardy than others , and this is determined based on the plants hardiness zone . Wait … what ’ s a hardiness zone ? Hardiness zones are a basic guide to help categorize the hardiness of plants so that gardeners will know which plants will grow well in their garden . The USDA hardiness zones range from 1 through 11 , with 1 being the coldest northern climates and 11 being the warmest southern climates ( lucky them ! ) . Here in Minneapolis , we are in zone 4 . Keep in mind that hardiness zones are a basic guide , so some plants that are listed as only hardy down to zone 5 may actually survive in zone 4 for example . So , hardy perennials are referred to as plants that will survive in your growing zone , even through the harshest of winters . For example , zone 6 perennial plants are not hardy perennials here where I live in zone 4 , they will be killed during the winter . What Does Hardy Annual Mean ? Sometimes you will see plants that are categorized as a “ hardy annual ” . These are annuals that have a longer life span than most annual plants . They will survive a mild winter climate , and in colder climates they survive cool frosty weather , during which they will continue to grow and set seed . But they are true annuals so they will eventually reach the end of their life - cycle and die . What Are Tender Perennials ? As I mentioned above , the term perennial is subjective to hardiness zones . Having said that , a tender perennial is a plant that is a true perennial ( lives longer than two years in the garden ) , but is not hardy in the zone where it ’ s being sold , and will not survive the winter if left outside . A lot of the plants that are sold as annuals here in MN are actually tender perennials . Some of these plants could survive in the house and make great houseplants over the winter ( tip : this is a great money saver ! ! ) . You may also see tender perennials referred to as “ tropicals ” , which means they are from the warmer tropical zones like 10 or 11 , or tropical climates even further south . Canna lilies are tender perennial flowers I ’ m sure there are other terms out there that you ’ ve heard and wondered what the heck they mean . There are so many different categories ( some I think are made up ) that it can be confusing . Ok , pop quiz time … What flowers come back year after year ? Perennials Do you have to replant annuals every year ? Yes ( unless they reseed themselves that is ) Hopefully I cleared up the confusion about annuals vs perennials , and helped to define a couple of these other terms for you without confusing you too much . Recommended Reading The Flower Gardener ’ s Bible Annuals , Perennials & Bulbs for Your Home Annuals and Perennials : A Gardener ’ s Encyclopedia Annuals , Perennials , and Bulbs : 377 Flower Varieties for a Vibrant Garden More Flower Gardening Posts Perennials Made Easy ! How To Create Amazing Gardens Annual Flower Garden Design For Beginners How To Plant Garden Bulbs For Spring Flowers Flower Garden Bulb and Perennial Designs For Amazing Spring Gardens Leave your tips for how you remember the difference between annuals vs perennials in the comments section below . About Amy Andrychowicz I live and garden in Minneapolis , MN ( zone 4b ) . My green thumb comes from my parents , and I ' ve been gardening most of my life . I ’ m a passionate gardener who loves growing everything from vegetables , herbs , and flowers to succulents , tropicals , and houseplants - you name , I ' ve grown it ! Read More . . . Comments Debra says Thank you so much for the information Reply says You ’ re welcome ! Reply | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/causes-numbness-hands-fingers-1483.html | Causes of Numbness in Hands & Fingers by Lindsay Boyers Numbness in the hands and fingers is most often caused by irritation or pressure on a peripheral nerve that extends from the arm to the hands and fingers . It can also be a symptom of a more serious condition , according to MayoClinic . com . Numbness in the hands and fingers may indicate a medical emergency if it occurs suddenly , is felt in the entire arm or is accompanied by other symptoms , such as dizziness or confusion . Loading . . . Primary Amyloidosis Primary amyloidosis is a rare , serious condition characterized by the abnormal production of antibodies , a type of protein fiber , by plasma cells . The protein fibers accumulate in body tissues and organs , which causes the affected area to become stiff . When the tissues and organs become stiff , they can not function properly . The most commonly affected organs include the tongue , intestines , muscles , nerves , skin , heart , spleen and kidneys , according to MedlinePlus . Numbness in the hands and fingers is a common symptom of primary amyloidosis . Raynaud ' s Disease Raynaud ’ s disease is a rare disorder that causes spontaneous constriction of the arteries . When the arteries constrict , blood flow is reduced . Lack of blood flow results in numbness . Most people with Raynaud ’ s disease experience the numbness in the fingers , but some cases experience numbness in the toes . Other symptoms of Raynaud ’ s disease include a white or blue color in the skin , redness , tingling and burning . The cause of Raynaud ’ s disease is unknown , but constriction triggers include extreme temperatures and stressful emotions , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome The carpal tunnel is passageway located at the palm side of the wrist that protects the core nerve to the hand , called the median nerve , and the tendons that allow the fingers to bend . Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when pressure is placed on the nerve , according to MayoClinic . com This pressure , which is usually due to inflammation , causes numbness in the hands and fingers , pain and weakness of the hand . The cause of carpal tunnel syndrome can be arthritis , diabetes , hormone disorders or repetitive use of the hand and Loading . . . References ( 4 ) MayoClinic . com : Numbness in Hands MedlinePlus : Primary Amyloidosis National Heart , Lung and Blood Institute : Raynaud ' s Disease MayoClinic . com : Carpal Tunnel Syndrome DO N ' T MISS Gluten & Tingling in Feet Pressure & Fullness in the Chest After Eating Too Much Calcium & the Kidneys Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Fitness & Exercise Causes of Numbness in Hands & Fingers | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"caloric",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"calorie diet",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"caloric",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"caloric",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"calorie diet",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"weight loss",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/long-lose-10-1500calorie-diet-1224.html | How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? by Patrick Hutchison Reducing caloric intake and setting goals are two parts of successful weight loss . Reducing caloric intake to 1,500 calories a day will result in weight loss for many people . The requirements for weight loss are basic . If you want to lose 10 pounds on a 1,500 - calorie diet , you must understand how weight loss occurs and what you can do to achieve it . Loading . . . Facts There are 3,500 calories in 1 pound of fat . Every day your body requires calories to operate . If you consume fewer calories than your body needs , you will lose weight . The relationship between the number of calories you need and the number you consume is what determines you rate of weight loss . A 1,500 - calorie diet will produce different results in different people , based on their individual metabolic rates , caloric needs and amount of exercise . Basal Metabolic Rate Your basal metabolic rate , or BMR , is the most basic predictor of your daily caloric needs . Based on your age , height , weight and gender , your BMR is the number of calories your body needs in one day to maintain its current weight , assuming no exercise or activity . Your BMR ' s relationship to a 1,500 - calorie diet will affect how quickly you can lose 10 pounds . For example , if your BMR requires you to consume 2,000 calories per day to maintain weight , a diet of 1,500 calories will Exercise Every time you exercise , your body burns additional calories in order to provide for your increased energy requirements . When your body runs out of calories , it begins to burn fat . You must take into account any calories you burn with exercise when planning your diet . For example , if you are maintaining a 1,500 - calorie diet and complete exercise that burns 300 calories , you can consume 1,800 calories . The 300 calories burned through exercise have to be replaced with food , in order to maintain a consistent caloric intake . Caloric Intake While it may seem simple , many people do not understand the basics of weight loss related to caloric intake . Every day your body requires a certain number of calories in order to survive . Your caloric needs are determined by numerous factors , including your activity level , age and body type . The number of calories your body needs represents a distinct line . Eat more calories than you need and you gain weight ; eat less and you lose weight . A good diet plan is equal to 1 pound of weight loss per week . Considerations The USDA and the National Institutes of Health recommend that you do not engage in any weight - loss program that causes you to lose more than 2 pounds in a week . Avoid any diets that advertise rapid weight loss or use over - the - top marketing claims . Choose a diet plan that is consistent and effective . Losing 2 pounds a week adds up quickly , allowing you to achieve your target weight safely and permanently . Loading . . . References ( 3 ) Nutrition . gov : Weight Management MedlinePlus : Weigh Control Harvard Health Publications : Calorie Counting Made Easy DO N ' T MISS Can Eating 1,200 Calories Make You Gain Weight ? How Many Calories Does a Woman Need in a Day ? Can You Gain Muscle on a Low Calorie Diet ? Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition How Long Will it Take Me to Lose 10 lbs . on a 1,500 - Calorie Diet ? | [
"calorie diet",
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/nutrition-information-chicken-lo-mein-1187.html | Nutrition Information for Chicken Lo Mein by Nicki Wolf Chicken lo mein , a Chinese dish , is made with lo mein noodles and stir - fried chicken and vegetables mixed with a cornstarch - based sauce flavored with soy sauce , ginger and garlic . If lo mein noodles are not available , regular spaghetti noodles or fettucine may serve as a substitute . This dish contains a moderate amount of calories and relatively low amounts of fat , depending on how it ' s cooked . Loading . . . Calories in Chicken Lo Mein An 8 - ounce serving of chicken lo mein - - a 1 - cup portion - - contains 245 to 306 calories , according to MyFitnessPal . If you follow a 2,000 - calorie diet , this accounts for 12.2 to 15.2 percent of the calories you may consume daily . The number of calories in a serving of chicken lo mein may vary , however , as the ratio of chicken to vegetables or chicken to noodles may differ , and the vegetables you choose may add more or fewer calories . An ideal number of calories for Macronutrients The energy your body requires each day comes from the macronutrients you consume - - fat , protein and carbohydrates . Carbohydrates contribute the most calories to a 1 - cup serving of chicken lo mein , at 28 to 45 gram . To help fuel your body at the optimal level , include a minimum of 130 gram of carbohydrates in your meal plan each day . Your meal plan should also incorporate 46 to 56 grams of protein . A 1 - cup serving of chicken lo mein provides you with 17 to 19 grams . Finally , Sugar A 1 - cup serving of chicken lo mein contains up to 6 to 9 grams of sugar . While the sugars found naturally in foods generally do not present a problem , those with sugar sensitivities may need to carefully monitor the sugar content in their diet . The Cleveland Clinic reports that Americans typically consume 22.2 teaspoons of sugar every day . Limit added sugar in your diet to 6 to 9 teaspoons per day , or 100 to 150 calories . Vitamins and Minerals Including chicken lo mein in your meal plan contributes significantly to your daily vitamin C intake . A one - cup serving of this dish contains 15 to 35 percent of the vitamin C your body requires , depending on the ingredients . You do not manufacture your own stores of vitamin C , so eating foods rich in this vitamin is important . To boost the vitamin C content of your lo mein , add additional bell peppers , chili peppers , fresh herbs , broccoli or cauliflower . Vitamin C plays a vital role in the health of Considerations Despite chicken lo mein ' s high nutritional value , its sodium content may not make it the best choice for you . A 1 - cup serving adds 420 to 1,150 milligrams to your daily meal plan . Best practices dictate that you limit your sodium intake to no more than 1,500 milligrams every day , according to the American Heart Association . Consider making chicken lo mein at home so you can carefully monitor the sodium that goes into it . Substitute low - sodium varieties of soy sauce for the recipe to lower sodium intake . Loading . . . References ( 6 ) Chinese Food DIY : Chicken Lo Mein The Cook ' s Thesaurus : Asian Wheat Noodles MyFitnessPal : Homemade - Chicken Lo Mein MyFitnessPal : Great Wall Chinese Restaurant - Chicken Lo Mein MyFitnessPal : Schwan ' s - Chicken Lo Mein The Diet Channel : Calories : What ' s an Ideal Daily Intake ? DO N ' T MISS The Nutrition of Eggplant Parmesan Prosciutto Nutrition Nutritional Value of Cooked Celery Photo Credits : This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition Nutrition Information for Chicken Lo Mein | [
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http://getfit.jillianmichaels.com/proteins-fundamental-immune-system-2081.html | What Proteins Are Fundamental to the Immune System ? by Kirstin Hendrickson Your immune system consists of a vast array of proteins , cells and organs that work together to help keep your body safe from invasion by pathogens . Pathogens are simply disease - causing organisms , such as infectious bacteria and viruses . There are a number of proteins that the immune system depends upon in order to maintain normal function . Loading . . . IgG Antibodies Of all the immune system proteins , IgG antibodies are the best known in the general population . These are antibodies that circulate in your bloodstream and provide the bulk of your defense against invading bacteria and viruses . They do this in more than one way , explains physiologist Lauralee Sherwood , Ph . D . They can , for instance , clump pathogens together , making their removal from your bloodstream easier . They can also mark pathogens for destruction . Because they can cross the placenta , IgG antibodies can also provide newborns with short - term Other Antibodies There are several other classes of antibodies , all of which are important for normal immune function . IgA , for instance , lines the viscous membranes of your digestive tract and can help defend your body against ingested pathogens . Babies get this type of antibody from breast milk . This is one of the reasons why breastfeeding helps protect infants from disease . IgE , on the other hand , mainly protects against parasites , such as worms . IgM plays important roles in early immunity and initial exposure to a pathogen , before you ' ve had MHC The MHCs , or major histocompatibility complexes , are another group of proteins that are critical to immune system function . These are proteins that your cells make and express onto their cell surface . They allow your immune system to monitor what ' s going on inside the cell and provide an early detection system in case of an invasion by a pathogen . Other immune system components regularly check the MHCs on cell surfaces in order to monitor cell health . CD3 T - cells are white blood cells that actively participate in the immune response whenever your body is attacked . They often have cell surface receptors - - also known as co - receptors - - that help them recognize and take up pathogens . A T - cell coreceptor called CD3 receptor is an important immune system protein that also appears to have a role in brain development , according to ScienceDaily . com . In addition to helping the immune system monitor your body for invading pathogens , CD3 also seems to monitor the brain for incorrect connections Loading . . . References ( 2 ) “ Human Physiology ; " Lauralee Sherwood , Ph . D . ; 2004 ScienceDaily . com ; Immune Proteins Play Role in Brain Development and Remodeling DO N ' T MISS What Are the Functions of Digestive Enzymes ? What Muscles Does the Row Machine Work ? What Muscles Are You Working When Doing Sit - Ups ? This article reflects the views of the writer and does not necessarily reflect the views of Jillian Michaels or JillianMichaels . com Get Fit Diet & Nutrition What Proteins Are Fundamental to the Immune System ? | [
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http://getintopc.com/softwares/design/aveva-pdms-12-1-sp4-free-download/ | AVEVA PDMS Plant Design System121 SP4 Free Download AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Free Download Latest Version for Windows It is full offline installer standalone setup of AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Overview AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 is a very handy application which will deliver maximum productivity as well as capability on all types of plant project The range of PDMS users is very diverse ranging from small engineering contractors to many of the largest multinational process as well as power companies You can also download AVEVA Review AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 has got rulebased functions as well as powerful checking tools which will eliminate the design errors There are accurate materials information which eliminates the delays on site This powerful design applications maximises the productivity in each and every discipline Its rulebased automation enables the quick and right 1 st time design AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 combines with AVEVA Global and enables complex multisite collaborative projects in order to be executed by virtual design office This application also allows the small businesses to participate fully in complex global projects With AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 the designers can progressively create a highly intelligent 3D design by selecting as well as positioning parametric components from an extensive catalog Features of AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Below are some noticeable features which youll experience after AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 free download A very handy application which will deliver maximum productivity as well as capability on all types of plant project Got rulebased functions as well as powerful checking tools which will eliminate the design errors There are accurate materials information which eliminates the delays on site Maximises the productivity in each and every discipline Combines with AVEVA Global and enables complex multisite collaborative projects in order to be executed by virtual design office Allows the small businesses to participate fully in complex global projects AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Technical Setup Details Software Full Name AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Setup File Name AVEVAPDMSv121SP429rar Full Setup Size 22 GB Setup Type Offline Installer Full Standalone Setup Compatibility Architecture 32 Bit x86 64 Bit x64 Latest Version Release Added On 09th Aug 2018 Developers AVEVA System Requirements For AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Before you start AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 free download make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements Operating System Windows XPVista788110 Memory RAM 1 GB of RAM required Hard Disk Space 1 GB of free space required Processor Intel Pentium 4 or later AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Free Download Click on below button to start AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 Free Download This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for AVEVA PDMS 121 SP4 This would be compatible with both 32 bit and 64 bit windows Before Installing Software You Must Watch This Installation Guide Video Click Below Button for Additional Fix This Post Was Last Updated On December 4 2018 By Author Admin | [
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http://getintopc.com/softwares/download-managers/youtube-downloader-pro-ytd-4-8-1-0-free-download/ | Youtube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Free Download Youtube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Free Download Latest Version setup for Windows It is full offline installer standalone setup of Youtube Downloader Pro Youtube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Overview YouTube is a video sharing website which allows individuals to view upload and share videos It is the largest video sharing website in world with all sorts of videos being uploaded every minute You can have to videos on any topic You can download your favorite YouTube videos with YouTube Downloader Pro YTD You can also download YouTube Downloader Pro YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 can be used for downloading videos from YouTube Facebook Yahoo Videos and many more This program is very easy in its use The installation process is simple and quick There are no unnecessary changes in registry It wont install any toolbars in your browser Once the program is installed into your system all you need after that is to paste a URL of your desired video into the address bar of this program and then press the OK button The program also lets you convert your videos into other formats which are supported by iPhone Internet Download Manager 617 All in all with YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 is a very handy application which can be used for downloading your desired videos from renowned video sharing website VSO Downloader Pro is another application that you can download Features of YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Below are some noticeable features which youll experience after YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 free download Easy to use Can download videos from Youtube Facebook and other viddeo portals Simple and quick Installation process No unneccessary changes in registry Can convert videos into other formats YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Technical Setup Details Software Full Name YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Setup File Name YouTube_Downloader_Pro_YTD_4810_Finalexe Full Setup Size 13 MB Setup Type Offline Installer Full Standalone Setup Compatibility Architecture 32 Bit x86 64 Bit x64 Latest Version Release Added On 7th June 2015 Developers YoutubeDownloaderPro Homepage System Requirements For YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Before you start YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 free download make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements Operating System Windows XPVista78 Memory RAM 512MB of RAM required Hard Disk Space 100MB of free space required Processor Intel Pentium 4 or later YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Free Download Click on below button to start YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 Free Download This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for YouTube Downloader Pro YTD 4810 This would be compatible with both 32 bit and 64 bit windows Before Installing Software You Must Watch This Installation Guide Video Click Below Button for Additional Fix This Post Was Last Updated On February 11 2018 By Author Admin | [
"Youtube Downloader Pro"
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http://getintopc.com/softwares/network/connectify-hotspot-pro-free-download/ | Connectify Hotspot PRO Free Download Connectify Hotspot PRO Free Download Latest Version setup for Windows It is full offline installer standalone version of Connectify Hotspot 32 bit 64 bit Connectify Hotspot PRO Overview For setting up a wireless connection you need a router but that can be done with a software which is especially designed for setting up wireless connections called Connectify With this application you dont need any hardware setup for establishing connection The software turns your wireless capable computer into virtual router The interface isdesigned in such a way that setting up wireless connection becomes very easy Even the ones who are not familiar with such a job feels comfortable and setup the connection very easily The configuration process is very simple and can be done within no time Connectify reminds about selecting the hotspot name password and WiFi name that is to be used You can also select the security mode and can also select whether you need to allow internet sharing or not Another great alternative is WiFi Hotspot Creator You can create VPN between two computer using Hamachi software The application lets you have full authority over the established connection and you can also check which device has been connected with your device The tool comes up with a WiFi extender mode in which you can extend the range of your WiFi All in all Connectify Hotspot PRO is a great tool that is easy to use and can establish your connection without any effort Features of Connectify Hotspot PRO Below are some noticeable features which youll experience after Connectify Hotspot PRO free download Easy to use Can setup the connection within no time Simple interface Can specify Hotspot name password Have full authority over established connection Comes up with WiFi Extender Connectify Hotspot PRO Technical Setup Details Software Full Name Connectify Hotspot PRO Setup File Name ConnectifyInstallerexe Full Setup Size 771 MB Setup Type Offline Installer Full Standalone Setup Compatibility Architecture 32 Bit x86 64 Bit x64 Latest Version Release Added On 19th May 2014 Developers Connectify System Requirements For Connectify Hotspot PRO Before you start Connectify Hotspot PRO free download make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements Operating System Windows XPVista78 Memory RAM 512MB of RAM required Hard Disk Space 200MB of RAM required Processor Intel Pentium IV or later Connectify Hotspot PRO Free Download Click on below button to start Connectify Hotspot PRO Free Download This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for Connectify Hotspot PRO This would be compatible with both 32 bit and 64 bit windows This Post Was Last Updated On September 18 2014 By Author Admin | [
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http://getintopc.com/softwares/security/avg-internet-security-2017-free-download/ | AVG Internet Security 2017 Free Download AVG Internet Security 2017 Free Download Latest Version for Windows It is full offline installer standalone setup of AVG Internet Security 2017 for 3264 AVG Internet Security 2017 Overview AVG Internet Security 2017 is a useful security solution for your PCs With AVG Internet Security 2017 you can safely browse the Internet and you can prevent yourself from data theft attempts and you can scan your computer for various virus threats AVG Internet Security 2017 can be used for protecting your system from Trojans worms rootkits dialers spyware and adware etc You can also download AVG Internet Security 2016 v16101 Final AVG Internet Security 2017 during its installation will offer you to set up AVG Web TuneUp and Set AVG Secure Search as your homepage default search engine and as a new tab page If you are not interested you can decline these offers It has got a computer protection component which can handle the real time guard that protects your computer from all incoming attacks It has also got a web and email protection module which will keep you safe from all sorts of dangers which are lurking online like fishy and suspicous downloads and email linksattachments AVG Internet Security AVG Internet Security 2015 Features of AVG Internet Security 2017 Below are some noticeable features which youll experience after AVG Internet Security 2017 free download Handy security solution for PCs Can safely browse the Internet and can prevent yourself from data theft attempts Can scan your computer for various virus threats Protects your system from Trojan worms rootkits dialers spyware and adware etc It has got a computer protection component which can hanle the real time guard It has also got a web and email protection module Got enhanced firewall and improved data encryption AVG Internet Security 2017 Technical Setup Details Software Full Name AVG Internet Security 2017 Setup File Name AVG_Internet_Security_v1773032zip Full Setup Size 575 MB Setup Type Offline Installer Full Standalone Setup Compatibility Architecture 32 Bit x86 64 Bit x64 Latest Version Release Added On 09th Oct 2017 Developers AVG System Requirements For AVG Internet Security 2017 Before you start AVG Internet Security 2017 free download make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements Operating System Windows XPVista788110 Memory RAM 512 MB of RAM required Hard Disk Space 1 GB of free space required Processor 15 GHz Intel Pentium processor or later AVG Internet Security 2017 Free Download Click on below button to start AVG Internet Security 2017 Free Download This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for AVG Internet Security 2017 This would be compatible with both 32 bit and 64 bit windows This Post Was Last Updated On December 19 2017 By Author Admin | [
"AVG Internet Security"
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http://getridofhemorrhoidsguide.com/getting-rid-hemorrhoids/ | Home Hemorrhoids / How to get rid of hemorrhoids fast naturally – 10 home remedies How to get rid of hemorrhoids fast naturally – 10 home remedies admin August 25 , 2015 Hemorrhoids No Comments Hemorrhoids , also known as piles are swollen veins around the anal opening or the anal canal . They can be painful and linger on for a long time causing distress . The main symptoms include bleeding during the bowel movement and itching . The first thing that people do to cure hemorrhoids is get an OTC medication , without knowing their possible side effects . Fortunately , there are a number of home remedies that are as effective and provides fast relief . Here are 10 remedies which will help you get rid of hemorrhoids fast and naturally # 1 Cold compress A cold compress will help the hemorrhoids to shrink and become small in size . It will reduce pain and provide instant relief from itching . It will be easier to pass stools once swelling is reduced . Wrap some ice in a clean cloth and apply it directly over the hemorrhoids . Doing this several times , a day will help to constrict the blood vessels and reduce hemorrhoids effectively . # 2 Apple Cider Vinegar Pure and natural apple cider vinegar is highly beneficial in treating the condition . For external hemorrhoids , take a cotton ball and soak it with apple cider vinegar . Apply it directly on the hemorrhoids for an instant relief . Please note that applying it directly may cause a stinging sensation for some time but that will decrease itching and pain instantly . For internal hemorrhoids , consuming a teaspoon of vinegar with water , may provide relief from pain and bleeding . # 3 Psyllium husk Hard stools may worsen your hemorrhoids causing more bleeding and pain . Psyllium husk is crammed with fiber , which makes stools softer and eases its movements . Consuming it regularly may help in reducing stress in the swollen veins providing it time to heal . # 4 Soaking Soaking yourself in a tub of warm water may provide instant relief from pain and itching and cause the blood vessels to relax . You may soak the inflamed area for 15 - 20 minutes in warm but not hot water . Wipe the area gently using a wet towel so not to dry it . Doing it regularly helps in reducing hemorrhoids effectively and have qzz in your life . # 5 Hydration Dryness may aggravate hemorrhoids and may cause excessive bleeding . Never use a dry tissue to wipe the affected area as it may cause unwanted scratches that can worsen the swollen vessels . Instead use a non - perfumed , non - medicated wet tissue to wipe off without drying out your skin . You may also place vitamin E capsules in the opening of the anus to sooth the area and re - hydrate it . # 6 Witch hazel If you have witch hazel in your home , you probably know how to get rid of hemorrhoids fast . It reduces , pain , itching and bleeding until the hemorrhoids fade out . Apply a little amount of witch hazel regularly in the inflamed area for long relief from the problem . # 7 Aloe Vera Aloe vera is an effective natural ingredient that assists fast relief from hemorrhoids . The anti - inflammatory action of aloe vera helps in resolving the symptoms in a fast and easy way . For internal hemorrhoids , cut stripes of the aloe vera leave discarding all the thorns and freeze it . Apply it on the inflamed area for the double action of valtrex in inflammation . For external ones , just apply the gel extracted from aloe leaves to soothe and hydrate the swollen veins . # 8 Tea tree oil Recent studies revealed the benefits of tea tree oil in reducing inflammation and curing hemorrhoids naturally . Since it is very strong , it should always be diluted by mixing it with a carrier oil . Add one or two drops of tea tree oil with a carrier oil like castor oil or sweet almond oil and apply it directly over the inflamed area with the help of a clean cotton swab . Doing this regularly will shrink the hemorrhoids until it cures completely . Other essential oils that may have a healing effect are lavender essential oil and rosemary # 9 Lemon Juice The antioxidants present in lemons help in curing the condition . Apply it directly on the inflamed area or consume lemon juice with ginger with honey to reap the nutrition benefits of the fruit for reducing pain and inflammation . # 10 Olive oil Olive oil is another great ingredient that helps in curing the symptoms of piles . It has anti - inflammatory properties that soothes the area and reduces discomfort . Moreover , it increases the elasticity of the blood vessels reducing the trauma of passing hard stools . Consuming small amounts of olive oil with food on a regular basis may improve the functionality of the bowel movement due to the presence of monosaturated fatty acids in olive oil . Besides , a few lifestyle changes like drinking more water and maintaining proper hygiene will assist you to get rid of hemorrhoids fast . Never hold in stools , as it may worsen the condition and delay the treatment . Always wear comfortable clothes to reduce irritation due to hemorrhoids . Tweet Pin It | [
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http://getsplithistory.com/APD | APD Air Products & Chemicals , Inc . Air Products & Chemicals , Inc . has had 3 splits . Split date ▼ Ratio Price ( close ) Price the day before Change Calculate ( enter number of shares ) Jun 16 , 1998 2 : 1 43.12 83.94 ( Jun 15 ) 2.74 % Mar 10 , 1992 2 : 1 42.62 85.75 ( Mar 09 ) - 0.59 % Jun 06 , 1986 39.38 79.62 ( Jun 05 ) - 1.08 % Before Jun 06 , 1986 Related companies ' split history : SYT split history POT split history ( 3 ) FCX split history ( 1 ) PPG split history ( 3 ) SSL split history SCCO split history JHX split history PKX split history | [
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http://gf-pc.com/fiduciary-vs-suitability.php | Fiduciary vs . Suitability Deciphering the “ What ’ s What ” and “ Who ’ s Who ” of today ’ s complex financial services industry Do you receive Financial Advice to the Fiduciary Standard of Care or the Suitability standard ? It ’ s important to know ! Deciphering the “ What ’ s What ” and “ Who ’ s Who ” of today ’ s complex financial services industry can be difficult , even for the most financially sophisticated members of the general investing public . Two words : fiduciary and suitability , are critical in understanding the motivation behind the person offering you financial products or advice . Recognizing the difference between the fiduciary and suitability standards may also help you to appreciate the level of care you receive from a trusted financial advisor . Although the distinction between the fiduciary and suitability methods of offering advice is rarely discussed by “ broker - led ” large financial companies , we feel it is essential for investors to know the difference . Global Financial believes the Fiduciary model of disclosure and transparency is now in the “ best interests of the client . ” BROKER ( the suitability standard ) : Offers products for sale from a range of products carried by the company he or she represents Is paid commissions calculated as a percentage of the amount of money invested into the product ADVISOR ( the fiduciary standard ) : Offers “ best advice ” taking into account the needs of each individual client Is paid a quarterly fee calculated as a percentage of the assets under advisement “ What ’ s What ” relates to the standard of care upon which financial advice is provided to the investing public : The fiduciary standard requires advice to be provided in the best interests of the client including the disclosure of possible conflicts of interest . The suitability standard states that a broker only needs to check the suitability of a prospective buyer , based primarily upon financial objectives , current income level and age , in order to complete a commissionable sale of a financial product . In a way , when a broker checks the suitability of a potential buyer , they are measuring how much financial product can be sold , not the needs of the investor . No disclosure of possible conflicts of interest is required . Common differences between the two standards involve trading commissions ; for example commissions and incentives * The hypothetical chart shown above could be representative of any security or portfolio including Bonds , Stocks and other investments . It is intended as an illustration of a general concept and should not be considered a representation of actual performance , past or future . WHY SHOULD YOU CARE ? The differences discussed above were a contributor to the 2008 credit crisis , especially within the selling of complex financial products based on housing debt . More recently , the initial public offering ( IPO ) of Facebook stock was roiled by alleged conflicts of interest by those offering the stock . Every day , financial products are sold for a commission and include internal costs and fees which are difficult to find and define . The dollar value of these commissions and additional internal costs are usually deducted from the amount an investor invests in a financial product . The total return of such a product may therefore be reduced by the value of these hidden costs . In 2010 , the Wall Street Journal brought this issue to the attention of the investment public with their article : “ The Hidden Costs of Mutual Funds . ” 1 A further example of how low the bar is set for broker disclosure of costs and conflicts can be found within the article “ Shining a Light on Murky 401 ( k ) Fees . ” 2 1 The Hidden Costs of Mutual Funds published March 1st , 2010 . Copyright Wall Street Journal . 2 Shining a Light on Murky 401 ( k ) Fees published November 13 , 2010 . Copyright Wall Street Journal . The diagram on the next page provides a general example of how the two different standards — fiduciary & suitability — may affect your relationship with the people and corporations you rely on for financial advice . Are you and your financial advisor both “ on the same page ? ” Since 2008 , the U.S. Government has also begun to care about how financial recommendations are delivered to members of the general investing public . The lack of “ self - policing , ” protection of client interests and frequent scandals have led our legislative system to pass The Dodd - Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act . One goal of this legislation was the creation of a single standard for financial advice based upon the current fiduciary standard . Informed investors should ask : “ Why does the government feel I need protecting and from what ? ” Today ’ s financial industry offers its clients a wide range of options . In our eyes , every client deserves to have their needs put first and solutions offered according to those needs . A Global Financial Advisor can help you to understand these options and work with you to decide how they might impact your specific financial needs . Prior to meeting with a Global Financial Advisor , ask your current or prospective financial advisor if they are acting as a broker or an advisor . Ask them to formally list all the areas in which they and their company can receive commissions . If they can not or will not , we strongly urge you to consider whose best interests they have at heart . | [
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http://gfcounty.nd.gov/node/59 | Property Search NEW Search Search for Real Estate and Mobile Home Information Search for Grand Forks County Real Estate Property Information Search for Real Estate Information by Property Number Search for Real Estate Information by Name by Street Name by Building Number Delinquent Real Estate for Sale Search for Grand Forks County Mobile Home Property Information Search for Mobile Home Information by Property Number Search for Mobile Home Information by Name | [
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http://ggu.libguides.com/c.php?g=106881&p=694051 | APA Citation : Do - it - yourself Do you want to learn more about creating citations and references ? Watch a video tutorial on creating an article reference . Scroll down . Learn how to create references and citations for books , articles , reports , video , sound , images , and personal communication . Creating a Reference . The Parts . Close - up of a reference : Here is a typical reference for a book : Zacharakis , A . ( 2011 ) . Business plans that work : A guide for small business . New York , NY : McGraw - Hill . Author LastName , A.A . Folsom , R.H . Multiple authors Hwang , J . , Manganini , S . , & Eglinton , T . Group / corporate author National Institute on White Collar Crime Authors ' names are written last name - COMMA - first name initials ( and middle name initial , if known ) . More than one author . List the names in the order that they are listed on the publication , separated by COMMAS , with " & " before the last author ' s name . An author can be a company , organization , and government agency . Use the name of the group as the author . If there is no author and no group / corporate author , begin the reference with the title in the author - place . Use a shortened version of the title in when using in - text citations . Date ( Publication year ) ( 2016 ) . ( Publication year ) ( 2010 , January 12 ) . no date ( n.d. ) . Publication year in parentheses , followed by a period . If there is no publication date ( look carefully to determine this ! ) , use ( n.d. ) . That stands for " no date . " Title Book title Marketing 4.0 : Moving from traditional to digital Report title 2012 annual report of the American Psychological Association Article title Managing our hub economy : Interaction . Periodical title Harvard Business Review 96 ( 1 ) , 17 . Include the full title and subtitle . Capitalization : Books , ebooks , reports , webpages . Capitalize the first letter of the title and the subtitle . Capitalization : Article titles : Capitalize the first letter of the title and the subtitle . Article titles are not in italics . Capitalization : For periodical titles ( journals , magazines , newspapers ) . Capitalize ALL major words , and put the periodical title in italics . After the title , add a comma and the volume number in italics . Book , ebook , report , and web page titles have only the first word of the title and subtitle capitalized and are written in italics . Publication information The rest of the reference provides the information needed to find the source you used . These details may include : the editor , edition number , publisher ' s name and location , volume number , issue number , page numbers , digital object identifier ( doi ) , or URL . Books and Ebooks Books Author . ( Publication Date ) . Title of book . Place of Publication : Publisher . General book example : Other book examples : Edition other than the first Atkinson , A . A . ( 2001 ) . Management accounting ( 3rd ed . ) . Upper Saddle River , N.J. : Prentice Hall . Chapter from a book Eisenstein , E.M. , & Lodish , L.M. ( 2002 ) . Marketing decision support and intelligent systems : Precisely worthwhile or vaguely worthless ? In B.A . Weitz & R . Wensley ( Eds . ) , Handbook of marketing ( pp . 436 - 456 ) . London : SAGE . Ebooks Author . ( Publication Date ) . Title of Book . [ Ebook version , if applicable ] . Available / Retrieved from URL General ebook example : Ebook from Ebook Central ( via Proquest ) ( include the URL leading to information on how to obtain the material for ebooks accessed through subscription database ) Other ebook examples : Ebook available via direct link Martin , B . ( 1998 ) . Information liberation . Retrieved from http : / / www . uow . edu . au / arts / sts / bmartin / pubs / 98il / ilall . html Ebook from Ebook readers Gladwell , M . ( 2008 ) . Outliers : The story of success [ Kindle DX version ] . Retrieved from Amazon . com For in - text citation , when page number is not available , use chapter / section / paragraph number instead . For example : One of the author ’ s main points is that “ people do n ’ t rise from nothing ” ( Gladwell , 2008 , Chapter 1 , Section 2 , para . 5 ) . Articles Articles Articles from Print Journals Journal Paginated by Issue : Author . ( Publication Date ) . Title of article . Journal title , Volume ( issue ) , page range . Journal Paginated by Volume : Author . ( Publication Date ) . Title of article . Journal title , Volume , page range . Articles with DOI ( Digital Object Identifier ) Author . ( Publication Date ) . Title of article . Volume ( issue ) , page numbers . doi : xxxxxx A DOI may be found on the document itself , in a database record , or in a database - generated citation . Example : Articles with no DOI Author . ( Publication Date ) . Title of article . Journal title , Volume ( issue ) , page numbers . Available / Retrieved from URL / Document URL Examples : 1 . Article from subscription database ( give the URL for the publisher of the information , OR the database that you retrieved it from ) . Demos , T . ( 2009 , August 17 ) . Argentina ' s cattle crisis . Fortune 160 ( 3 ) , 22 . Available from http : / / www . fortune . com / Valdes , C . ( 2006 ) . Brazil ' s booming agriculture faces obstacles . Amber Waves 4 ( 5 ) , 28 - 35 . Retrieved from http : / / search . proquest . com / docview / 204852243 ? accountid = 25283 2 . Article from open access source ( include the exact URL for the article ) Badke , W . ( 2008 ) . A rationale for information literacy as a credit - bearing discipline . Journal of Information Literacy , 2 ( 1 ) . Retrieved from http : / / jil . lboro . ac . uk / ojs / index . php / JIL / article / view / RA - V2 - I1 - 2008 - 1 Reports , Profiles , Annual Reports Report or Profile Title of report . Name of source . Available / Retrieved from URL If the report or profile was not written by an individual author , then move the name of the source to the beginning of the citation . Examples : Mintel market research report Mintel . ( 2003 ) . Automobile maintenance and repair - US - August 2003 Available from http : / / www . mintel . com / Datamonitor company profile Datamonitor . ( 2008 , August 22 ) . Google Inc . Available from http : / / www . datamonitor . com / Industry profile from Standard & Poor ' s with an individual author Bokhari , Z . ( 2008 , October 16 ) . Computers : Software . Standard & Poor ' s Industry Surveys . Available from http : / / www . netadvantage . standardandpoors . com / Annual Report or SEC Filing Name of company . ( Publication Date ) . Form or filing title . Available / Retrieved from URL Examples : Annual Report from a Company Website Microsoft . ( 2009 ) . Annual report . Retrieved from http : / / www . microsoft . com / msft / reports / ar09 / index . html SEC Filing from Subscription Database Microsoft . ( 2005 , September 25 ) . Form 10 - Q . Available from Mergent Online database . Video , Sound & Image Film , Video , or DVD Producer ’ s last name , first initial ( Producer ) , & director ' s last name , first initial ( Director ) . ( Year of the film ' s release ) . Film Title . [ Motion picture ] . Country of origin : Name of the movie studio . 1 . Hitchcock , A . ( Producer / Director ) . ( 1941 ) . Suspicion . [ Motion picture ] . United States : Turner . 2 . Ruddy , A . ( Producer ) . Coppola , F ( Director ) . ( 1972 ) . The Godfather . [ Motion picture ] . United States Paramount Pictures . Television Series Producer ’ s last name , first initial ( Producer ) . ( Date of broadcast ) . Title of broadcast . [ Television series ] . City of origin : Studio or distributor . Example : Crane , D & Kauffman , M ( Producers ) . ( 1994 ) . Friends [ Television series ] . New York : National Broadcasting Company . Single Episode of a Television Series Writer ’ s last name , first initial ( Writer ) , & Director ’ s last name , first initial ( Director ) . ( Date of publication ) . Title of episode [ Television series episode ] . In Producer ’ s first initial , last name ( Producer ) , Series title . City of origin : Studio or distributor . Example : Carlock , R . ( Writer ) , & Halvorson , G ( Director ) . ( 2003 ) . The one with the cake [ Television series episode ] . In D . Crane & M . Kauffman ( Producers ) , Friends New York : National Broadcasting Company . Music Recording Songwriter ' s last name , first initial . ( Date of copyright ) . Title of song [ Recorded by artist if different from song writer ] . On Title of album [ Medium of recording ] . Location : Label . ( Recording date if different from copyright date ) . Taupin , B . ( 1975 ) . Someone saved my life tonight [ Recorded by Elton John ] . On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy [ CD ] . London England Big Pig Music Limited . Image Author ' s last name , first initial . ( Role of Author ) . ( Year image was created ) . Title of work [ Type of work ] , Retrieved date , from : URL ( if retrieved electronically ) Kulbis , M . ( Photographer ) . ( 2006 ) . Men pray [ Photograph ] , Retrieved April 12 , 2006 , from : http : / / accuweather . ap . org / cgi - bin / aplaunch . pl Presentation slides Author . ( Publication date ) . Title of presentation [ Type of material ] . Retrieved from URL Kapterev , Alexei . ( 2007 ) . Death by PowerPoint [ PowerPoint slides ] . Retrieved from http : / / www . slideshare . net / thecroaker / death - by - powerpoint | [
"APA Citation",
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http://ghana.um.dk/en/travel-and-residence/how-to-apply/application-form/ | Visit and Residence How to apply Invitations Applicants outside Ghana Application form The application form is available below The approved application form for visa to Denmark and other Schengen states can be found here Application form for Schengen visa pdf Application form for Schengen visa Word You can also obtain a printed version of the application form at the Embassy Links to forms Printable application forms and online forms Invitations | [
"Application form"
] |
http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/adinkra-symbols-and-their-meaning-english-and-twi/ | Adinkra Symbols and their meaning ( English and Twi ) Below is a table displaying in alphabetical order some of the old and new Adinkra and other cultural symbols . They have been arranged by names in Twi , literal translation in English , significance and proverbial meaning where available . Symbol Name in Akan Literal translation Symbolic Meaning Proverbial expression Aban Fence Strength and authority . Abe Dua Palm tree Wealth Self - sufficiency Toughness Vitality Nipa nye abe dua na ne ho ahyia ne ho . The human being is not like the palm that is self sufficient . Nnua nyinaa bewu agya abe . All trees will wither safe the palm tree . Adinkra Hene Adinkra King . Chief of all the Adinkra designs ; forms the basis of adinkra printing Symbol of greatness , charisma and leadership This symbol is said to have played an inspiring role in the designing of other symbols . it signifies the importance of playing a leadership role . Adwo Peace . Peace / Calmness Ohene nya ahontenafo pa a , ne bere so dwo When the king has good counselors , then he will have a peaceful reign Akofena Royal / ceremonial sword . Gallantry Valour Bravery Akofena kunini ko a , wobo a fena kye no safohene The great warrior always has a royal sword of rest even when he retires . Akoben War Horn The sound of Ako - ben is a battle cry Call to arms Readiness and Preparedness for action or battle . Akoben War Horn ( another version ) The sound of Ako - ben is a battle cry Call to arms Readiness and preparedness for action or battle . Vigilance Akoko nan The hen ’ s feet Parenthood . Care . Tenderness . Protection . Parental admonition is not intended to harm the child . ( Parental discipline . ) Akoma ntoaso Extension of the heart . Understanding Agreement or charter Unity Ananse Spider web Wisdom Creativity Ani Bere Seriousness Diligence Perseverance Ani bere a , nso gya , anka mani abere koo . Seriousness does not show fiery eyes ; else you would see my face all red . Asaase ye duru The earth has weight Divinity of the earth Providence Power / Authority Wealth Might Tumi nyina ne asase All power manates from the earth . Asase ye duru sen epo The earth is heavier than the sea . Bese saka Sack of cola nuts Power Abundance affluence Togetherness and unity ( agriculture and trade bring people together ) Bi nka bi Bite not one another Peace Harmony Caution against strife and provocation Biribi wo suro There is something in the heavens Hope . Reliance on God for inspiration . Nyame , biribi wo soro , na ma emeka me nsa . God , there is something in heaven , let it get to me . Boa me Help me to help you Interdependence Cooperation Helping one another Duafe Wooden comb Feminine virtue . Everlasting love . Dwammi Ram ’ s horn Concealment Humility & Strength Wisdom & learning Dwannini ye asisie a , ode n ’ akorana na … It is the hart and not the horns that leads a ram to bully Eban Fence / fort or castle Representing Fenced homes Protection security safety fortress Epa Handcuffs Slavery Equality Law & Justice Onii a ne pa da wonsa no , na n ’ akoa ne wo You are a slave to the one whose handcuffs you are wearing . Ese The teeth and the tongue Friendship interdependence Advancement Progress Strength in unity Fofoo Fofoo plant ( A yellow flowered plant ) Jealosy Envy Se die fofoo pe ne se gyinantwi abo bidie . The Fofoo plant ’ s wish is that the gyinantwi seeds should turn black . Funtun The tree / altar of the funtunfunafu . ( version of the Siamese crocodile ) Need for unity when there is the same destiny Funt Siamese Twin crocodiles joined at the stomach . Democracy and oneness irrespective of cultural differences Funtumfunafu denkyemfunafu , won afuru bom , nso woredidi a na woreko . They share one stomach and yet they fight over food Gyawu atiko Symbol drawn by Gyawu , who was a chief of Bantama Bravery Valour Fearlessness Leadership Gye Nyame Except God . Omnipotence and immortality of God Hye wonye That which can not be burnt Imperishability Endless Forgiveness Toughness Hye a wonnhye That which can not be burnt Kae me Remember me . Loyalty Faithfulness Kete pa Good bed Good marriage . Love and faithfulness Kontire State elders Reliance . Democracy Tikoro nko agyina One head does not make up council . Krapa Sanctity , Pure in heart Sanctity Purity Krapa te se okra okyiri fi Sanctity , like cats , abhors filth . Kramo Bone The Bad Warning against hypocrisy Kramo bone amma yennhu kramo pa We can not tell the good from the bad because of Pretence and hypocrisy . Kwatakye Hair of the Hero Kwatakye Valour Bravery Leadership Mmusuyide That which removes ill luck or evil Good fortune Sanctity Spiritual Strength Nea ope Do to others the things you want them to do to for you Justice Nea ope se nkrofoo ye ma wo no , ye saa ara ma won . Do unto others what you want others to do unto you . Nkyin kyim Zigzag / twisting Playing many roles . ( Dynamism ) Initiative Adaptability Resoluteness Obra kwan ye nkyinkyimiie Life ’ s path is full of ups and downs ; twists and turns . Nkon son Chain links Human relations Unity Nkontim Hair of the Queen ’ s servant Loyalty Service Nsronma The Star Child of God / child of the heavens Reflection of God faith in God Guardian ship . Nsaa Type of hand wovencloth / Blanket Excellence Authenticity Genuineness Nea onim nssa na oto n ’ ago The one who knows the nssa blanket is willing to buy it even when it is old Ntesie I have heard and kept it Knowledge Wisdom Nyansa bun mu ne mate masie Deep wisdom comes out of listening and keeping what is heard . Nyame nti Since god Exist For God ’ s sake By God ’ s Grace . God ’ s grace . Faith in God . Nyame nti mi nnwe wura By God ’ s grace , I will not eat leaves to survive Nyame nwu God never dies ; therefore I shall not die Life after death Denkyem The crocodile . Prudence Odenkyem da nsuo mu , nso onnhome nsuo , ohome mframa The crocodile lives in water but does breathe air and not water . Okuafo pa Good farmer Hardwork Entrepreneurship Industry productivity Okuafoo pa ne obi a oye nsiyefoo , ono na ose : w ’ afuo so a , woye ne nyinaa . The good and industrious farmer says : No matter how big your farm is you tend it all . Onyame Aniwa God ’ s eye Omnipresence of God Onyakopon aniwa hu asumu asem biara . God ’ s eye seees all secrets . Osram The moon Patience and understanding Osram mmfiti preko nntwareman . It takes the moon some time to go round the earth . Owuo atwidie Ladder of death . Death , the ultimate fate of man . Mortal nature of man . Fate Owu atwedee obaako nforo . All men shall climb the ladder of death . Pempiase Readiness Readiness / Preparedness Strength and unity . Pempamsie se , bebebre ahooden ne koroye . The many has strength only in unity . Sankofa Return and get it . Learning from the past . You can always correct your mistakes . Wisdom Using past experiences to build the future . Better late than never Se wo were fi na wo sankofa a yennkyi . It is not a taboo to return to fetch something you forgot earlier . Sankofa Return and get it . Learning from the past You can always correct your mistakes . Using past experiences to build the future . Better late than never Se wo were fi na wo sankofa a yennkyi . It is not a taboo to return to fetch something you forgot earlier . Tumi Power is like an egg Delicacy of political power , Fragility of democracy , Restraint Tumi te se kosua , woso mu den a , epae ; na se woanso mu yie nso a , efiri wo nsa bo famu ma epae . Power is as fragile as an egg , when held too tightly it might break ; if it is held too loosely , it might fall and break . Dua pa When you climb a good tree Support Cooperation Encouragement Wuforo dua pa a na ye pia wo . He who climbs a good tree is encouraged / supported . Fihankra Compound house It represents a symbol of Security and safety Ohene Tuo The King / Chief ' s gun Symbol of defense and safety for the King Akoma Heart Symbol of Patience and Tolerance Mmra krado The law padlock It represents justice and supreme authority Wawa aba The seed of Wawa It represent strength and toughness Showing 1 to 58 of 58 entries tweet Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam . Learn how your comment data is processed | [
"Adinkra Symbols",
"literal translation",
"GhanaCulturePolitics"
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http://ghbw.us/ghbw---info.html | GHBW is a Los Angeles based construction company specializing in custom highend projects for both residential and commercial spaces Founded on the belief that quality construction only follows creative and practical design GHBW takes pride in delivering technically planned and finely built projects We dont just make buildings we make places in which people love to live work and play Why work with us Because we believe collaboration and teamwork are necessary ingredients for the success of a project We value different perspectives because we have so many of our own our staff includes builders designers artists and craftsmen all working together to produce beautiful high quality and inspiring spaces helloghbwus 3209 La Cienega Ave Los Angeles California 90034 | [
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http://ghosttowns.com/states/ca/shasta.html | SHASTA Actually a shipping center rather than a mining town until 1872 when the California and Oregon Railroad laid track to the six mile distant city of Redding , Shasta was the entrance to the rich mines in the back country as well as a stage stop between the Valleys of the Sacramento . Because of its location , Shasta was the supply depot for mule trains heading for the mines . History says a hundred mule trains and teams were known to stop at Shasta on a single night . The railroad signaled the demise of Shasta , which occurred Six miles west of Redding on Highway 299 a row of old , half - ruined , brick buildings remind passing motorists that Shasta City , the lusty " Queen City " of California ’ s northern mining district , once stood on this site . Old Shasta was once " the " city in northern California . It was the commerical hub and county seat . That was until the railroad came to Redding . I ' m not sure of the actual date of desertion , and I guess technically it has remained occupied , but it ' Shasta ' s gold discovery came in the spring of 1849 , sparking California ' s second god rush . Through the summer of 1849 , Argonauts from Oregon and the Mother Lode poured into this mushrooming camp . It was a tent city of more than 500 persons by October . But Shasta was to have its problems . An old mule train built by the Hudson ' s Bay Company was all that connected it with Sacramento , 188 miles to the south . The winter of 1849 was the wet winter that flooded Northern California and made Masonic Hall - - erected 1853 Courtesy Dolores Steele Shasta Courtesy Dolores Steele Shasta Shasta Cemetery Marker - 1887 Courtesy Mark Overstreet Courtesy Mark Overstreet Longest row of brick buildings erectred in 1853 - 54 in Northern California . Shasta General Store Shasta Wells Fargo Shasta | [
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/autoimmune-lymphoproliferative-syndrome | Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome ALPS ) is an inherited disorder in which the body can not properly regulate the number of immune system cells ( lymphocytes ) . ALPS is characterized by the production of an abnormally large number of lymphocytes ( lymphoproliferation ) . Accumulation of excess lymphocytes results in enlargement of the lymph nodes ( lymphadenopathy ) , the liver ( hepatomegaly ) , and the spleen ( splenomegaly ) . Autoimmune disorders are also common in . Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body ' s own tissues and organs . Most of the autoimmune disorders associated with target and damage blood cells . For example , the immune system may attack red blood cells ( autoimmune hemolytic anemia ) , white blood cells ( autoimmune neutropenia ) , or platelets ( autoimmune thrombocytopenia ) . Less commonly , autoimmune disorders that affect other organs and tissues occur in people with . These disorders can damage the kidneys ( glomerulonephritis ) , liver ( autoimmune hepatitis ) , eyes ( uveitis ) , or nerves ( Guillain - Barre syndrome ) . Skin problems , usually rashes or hives ( urticaria ) , can also occur in can have varying patterns of signs and symptoms . Most commonly , lymphoproliferation becomes apparent during childhood . Enlargement of the lymph nodes and spleen frequently occur in affected individuals . Autoimmune disorders typically develop several years later , most frequently as a combination of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia , also called Evans syndrome . People with this classic form of generally have a near - normal lifespan , but have a greatly increased risk of developing cancer of the immune system cells ( lymphoma ) compared with the general population . Some people have signs and symptoms that resemble those of , including lymphoproliferation , lymphadenopathy , splenomegaly , and low blood counts , but the specific pattern of these signs and symptoms or the genetic cause may be different . Researchers disagree whether individuals with these non - classic forms should be considered to have or a separate condition . Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome",
"Autoimmune disorders",
"immune system"
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/biotin-thiamine-responsive-basal-ganglia-disease | Biotin - thiamine - responsive basal ganglia disease Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Biotin - thiamine - responsive basal ganglia disease is a disorder that affects the nervous system , including a group of structures in the brain called the basal ganglia , which help control movement . As its name suggests , the condition may improve if the vitamins biotin and thiamine are given as treatment . Without early and lifelong vitamin treatment , people with biotin - thiamine - responsive basal ganglia disease experience a variety of neurological problems that gradually get worse . The occurrence of specific neurological problems and their severity vary even among affected individuals within the same family . The signs and symptoms of biotin - thiamine - responsive basal ganglia disease usually begin between the ages of 3 and 10 , but the disorder can appear at any age . Many of the neurological problems that can occur in affect movement , and can include involuntary tensing of various muscles ( dystonia ) , muscle rigidity , muscle weakness on one or both sides of the body ( hemiparesis or quadriparesis ) , problems coordinating movements ( ataxia ) , and exaggerated reflexes ( hyperreflexia ) . Movement problems can also affect the face , and may include the inability to move facial muscles due to facial nerve paralysis ( supranuclear facial palsy ) , paralysis of the eye muscles ( external ophthalmoplegia ) , difficulty chewing or swallowing ( dysphagia ) , and slurred speech . Affected individuals Typically , the neurological symptoms occur as increasingly severe episodes , which may be triggered by fever , injury , or other stresses on the body . Less commonly , the signs and symptoms persist at the same level or slowly increase in severity over time rather than occurring as episodes that come and go . In these individuals , the neurological problems are usually limited to dystonia , seizure disorders , and delay in the development of mental and motor skills ( psychomotor delay ) . Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"basal ganglia disease",
"neurological problems",
"exaggerated reflexes"
] |
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/chronic-granulomatous-disease | Chronic granulomatous disease Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Chronic granulomatous disease is a disorder that causes the immune system to malfunction , resulting in a form of immunodeficiency . Immunodeficiencies are conditions in which the immune system is not able to protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and fungi . Individuals with chronic granulomatous disease may have recurrent bacterial and fungal infections . People with this condition may also have areas of inflammation ( granulomas ) in various tissues that can result in damage to those tissues . The features of chronic granulomatous disease usually first appear in childhood , although some individuals do not show symptoms until later in life . People with typically have at least one serious bacterial or fungal infection every 3 to 4 years . The lungs are the most frequent area of infection ; pneumonia is a common feature of this condition . Individuals with may develop a type of fungal pneumonia , called mulch pneumonitis , which causes fever and shortness of breath after exposure to decaying organic materials such as mulch , hay , or dead leaves . Exposure to these organic materials and the numerous fungi involved in their decomposition causes people with to develop fungal infections in their lungs . Other common areas of infection in people with include the skin , liver , and lymph nodes Inflammation can occur in many different areas of the body in people with . Most commonly , granulomas occur in the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary tract . In many cases the intestinal wall is inflamed , causing a form of inflammatory bowel disease that varies in severity but can lead to stomach pain , diarrhea , bloody stool , nausea , and vomiting . Other common areas of inflammation in people with include the stomach , colon , and rectum , as well as the mouth , throat , and skin . Additionally , granulomas within the gastrointestinal tract can lead to tissue breakdown and pus production ( abscesses ) . Inflammation in the stomach can prevent food from passing through to the intestines ( gastric outlet obstruction ) , leading to an inability to digest food . These digestive problems cause vomiting after eating and weight loss . In the genitourinary tract , inflammation can occur in the kidneys and bladder . Inflammation of the lymph nodes ( lymphadenitis ) and bone marrow ( osteomyelitis ) , which both produce immune cells , can lead to further impairment of the immune system . Rarely , people with develop autoimmune disorders , which occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body ' s own tissues and organs . Repeated episodes of infection and inflammation reduce the life expectancy of individuals with ; however , with treatment , most affected individuals live into mid - to late adulthood . Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Chronic granulomatous disease",
"immunodeficiency",
"pneumonia"
] |
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/color-vision-deficiency | Color vision deficiency Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Color vision deficiency ( sometimes called color blindness ) represents a group of conditions that affect the perception of color . Red - green color vision defects are the most common form of color vision deficiency . Affected individuals have trouble distinguishing between some shades of red , yellow , and green . Blue - yellow color vision defects ( also called tritan defects ) , which are rarer , cause problems with differentiating shades of blue and green and cause difficulty distinguishing dark blue from black . These two forms of color vision deficiency disrupt color perception but do not affect the sharpness of vision ( visual acuity ) . A less common and more severe form of called blue cone monochromacy causes very poor visual acuity and severely reduced color vision . Affected individuals have additional vision problems , which can include increased sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) , involuntary back - and - forth eye movements ( nystagmus ) , and nearsightedness myopia ) . Blue cone monochromacy is sometimes considered to be a form of achromatopsia , a disorder characterized by a partial or total lack of color vision with other vision problems . Enlarge Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Diagnosis & Management Links Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Color vision deficiency",
"color perception"
] |
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/familial-adenomatous-polyposis | Familial adenomatous polyposis Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) is an inherited disorder characterized by cancer of the large intestine ( colon ) and rectum . People with the classic type of familial adenomatous polyposis may begin to develop multiple noncancerous ( benign ) growths ( polyps ) in the colon as early as their teenage years . Unless the colon is removed , these polyps will become malignant ( cancerous ) . The average age at which an individual develops colon cancer in classic familial adenomatous polyposis is 39 years . Some people have a variant of the disorder , called attenuated , in which polyp growth is delayed . The average age of colorectal cancer onset for attenuated is 55 years . In people with classic , the number of polyps increases with age , and hundreds to thousands of polyps can develop in the colon . Also of particular significance are noncancerous growths called desmoid tumors . These fibrous tumors usually occur in the tissue covering the intestines and may be provoked by surgery to remove the colon . Desmoid tumors tend to recur after they are surgically removed . In both classic and its attenuated variant , benign and malignant tumors are sometimes found in other places in the body , including the duodenum ( a section of the small intestine ) , stomach , bones , skin , and other tissues . People who have colon polyps as well as growths outside the colon are sometimes described as having Gardner syndrome . A milder type of , called autosomal recessive , has also been identified . People with the autosomal recessive type of this disorder have fewer polyps than those with the classic type . Fewer than 100 polyps typically develop , rather than hundreds or thousands . The autosomal recessive type of this disorder is caused by mutations in a different gene than the classic and attenuated types of Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Familial adenomatous polyposis",
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-iii | Glycogen storage disease type III Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Glycogen storage disease type III ( also known as GSDIII or Cori disease ) is an inherited disorder caused by the buildup of a complex sugar called glycogen in the body ' s cells . The accumulated glycogen is structurally abnormal and impairs the function of certain organs and tissues , especially the liver and muscles . GSDIII is divided into types IIIa , IIIb , IIIc , and IIId , which are distinguished by their pattern of signs and symptoms . GSD types IIIa and IIIc mainly affect the liver and muscles , and GSD types IIIb and IIId typically affect only the liver . It is very difficult to distinguish between the types of GSDIII that affect the same tissues . GSD types IIIa and IIIb are the most common forms of this condition . Beginning in infancy , individuals with any type of GSDIII may have low blood sugar ( hypoglycemia ) , excess amounts of fats in the blood ( hyperlipidemia ) , and elevated blood levels of liver enzymes . As they get older , children with this condition typically develop an enlarged liver ( hepatomegaly ) . Liver size usually returns to normal during adolescence , but some affected individuals develop chronic liver disease ( cirrhosis ) and liver failure later in life . People with GSDIII often have slow growth because of their liver problems , which can lead to Individuals with GSDIIIa may develop muscle weakness ( myopathy ) later in life . These muscle problems can affect both heart ( cardiac ) muscle and the muscles that are used for movement ( skeletal muscles ) . Muscle involvement varies greatly among affected individuals . The first signs and symptoms are typically poor muscle tone ( hypotonia ) and mild myopathy in early childhood . The myopathy may become severe by early to mid - adulthood . Some people with GSDIIIa have a weakened heart muscle ( cardiomyopathy ) , but affected individuals usually do not experience heart failure . Other people affected with GSDIIIa have no cardiac muscle problems . Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Glycogen storage disease type III",
"disorder"
] |
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/guillain-barre-syndrome | Guillain - Barré syndrome Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Guillain - Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that affects the nerves . Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body ' s own tissues and organs . In , the immune response damages peripheral nerves , which are the nerves that connect the central nervous system ( the brain and spinal cord ) to the limbs and organs . Specifically , the immune response affects a particular part of peripheral nerves called axons , which are the extensions of nerve cells ( neurons ) that transmit nerve impulses . can affect the neurons that control muscle movement ( motor neurons ) ; the neurons that transmit sensory signals such as pain , temperature , and touch ( sensory neurons ) ; or both . As a result , affected individuals can experience muscle weakness or lose the ability to feel certain sensations . Muscle weakness or paralysis are the characteristic features of . The weakness often begins in the legs and spreads to the arms , torso , and face and is commonly accompanied by numbness , tingling , or pain . Additional signs and symptoms of the condition include difficulty swallowing and difficulty breathing . Occasionally , the nerves that control involuntary functions of the body such as blood pressure and heart rate are affected , which can lead to fluctuating blood pressure or an abnormal heartbeat ( cardiac arrhythmia ) . There are several types of , classified by the part of the peripheral nerve involved in the condition . The most common type of is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy ( AIDP ) . In AIDP , the immune response damages myelin , which is the covering that protects axons and promotes the efficient transmission of nerve impulses . In two other types of , acute motor axonal neuropathy ( AMAN ) and acute motor - sensory axonal neuropathy ( AMSAN ) , the axons themselves are damaged by the immune response . In AMAN , only the axons of motor neurons are damaged . In AMSAN , the axons of sensory neurons are also damaged . Because of sensory nerve damage , affected individuals can lose the ability to sense the position of their limbs and can have abnormal or absent reflexes ( areflexia ) . Miller Fisher syndrome , another type of , involves cranial nerves , which extend from the brain to various areas of the head and neck . Miller Fisher syndrome is characterized by three features : weakness or paralysis of the muscles that move the eyes ( ophthalmoplegia ) , problems with balance and coordination ( ataxia ) , and areflexia . People with this condition can have other signs and symptoms common in , such as muscle weakness . occurs in people of all ages . The development of the condition usually follows a pattern . Prior to developing the condition , most people with have a bacterial or viral infection . The first phase of , during which signs and symptoms of the condition worsen , can last up to four weeks , although the peak of the illness is usually reached in one to two weeks . During the second phase , called the plateau , signs and symptoms of stabilize . This phase can last weeks or months . During the recovery phase , symptoms improve . However , some people with never fully recover and can still experience excessive tiredness ( fatigue ) , muscle weakness , or muscle pain . Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Guillain-Barré",
"autoimmune disorder",
"neurons"
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hereditary-myopathy-with-early-respiratory-failure | Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure HMERF ) is an inherited disease that affects muscles used for movement ( skeletal muscles ) and muscles that are needed for breathing ( respiratory muscles ) . The major signs and symptoms of HMERF usually appear in adulthood , often in the mid - thirties . Among the earliest signs of the condition are breathing problems and difficulty walking . Weakness of the respiratory muscles , particularly the diaphragm ( the muscle that separates the organs in the abdomen from those in the chest ) , causes breathing problems . This weakness worsens over time and can lead to life - threatening respiratory failure . Some affected individuals have weakness of muscles of the lower leg and foot , which makes it difficult to lift the toes while walking , a condition known as foot drop . Other muscles that become weak in people with include those of the hips , thighs , upper arms , and neck . When viewed under a microscope , muscle fibers from affected individuals contain abnormal structures called cytoplasmic bodies . In many cases , the cytoplasmic bodies are arranged side - by - side in a ring inside the muscle fiber , resembling a necklace ( necklace cytoplasmic bodies ) . Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure",
"inherited disease",
"adulthood"
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/klinefelter-syndrome | Klinefelter syndrome Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal condition in boys and men that can affect physical and intellectual development . Most commonly , affected individuals are taller than average are unable to father biological children ( infertile ) ; however the signs and symptoms of vary among boys and men with this condition . In some cases , the features of the condition are so mild that the condition is not diagnosed until puberty or adulthood , and researchers believe that up to 75 percent of affected men and boys are never diagnosed . Boys and men with typically have small testes that produce a reduced amount of testosterone ( primary testicular insufficiency ) . Testosterone is the hormone that directs male sexual development before birth and during puberty . Without treatment , the shortage of testosterone can lead to delayed or incomplete puberty , breast enlargement ( gynecomastia ) , decreased muscle mass , decreased bone density , and a reduced amount of facial and body hair . As a result of the small testes and decreased hormone production , affected males are infertile but may benefit from assisted reproductive technologies . Some affected individuals also have Other physical changes associated with are usually subtle . Older children and adults with the condition tend to be somewhat taller than their peers . Other differences can include abnormal fusion of certain bones in the forearm ( radioulnar synostosis ) , curved pinky fingers ( fifth finger clinodactyly ) , and flat feet ( pes planus ) . Children with may have low muscle tone ( hypotonia ) and problems with coordination that may delay the development of motor skills , such as sitting , standing , and walking . Affected boys often have learning disabilities , resulting in mild delays in speech and language development and problems with reading . Boys and men with tend to have better receptive language skills ( the ability to understand speech ) than expressive language skills ( vocabulary and the production of speech ) and may have difficulty communicating and expressing themselves . Individuals with tend to have anxiety , depression , impaired social skills , behavioral problems such as emotional immaturity and impulsivity , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , and limited problem - solving skills ( executive functioning ) . About 10 percent of boys and men with have autism spectrum disorder Nearly half of all men with develop metabolic syndrome , which is a group of conditions that include type 2 diabetes , high blood pressure ( hypertension ) , increased belly fat , high levels of fats ( lipids ) such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood . Compared with unaffected men , adults with also have an increased risk of developing involuntary trembling ( tremors ) , breast cancer ( if gynecomastia develops ) , thinning and weakening of the bones ( osteoporosis ) , and autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis . ( Autoimmune disorders are a large group of conditions that occur when the immune system attacks the body ' s own tissues and organs . ) Enlarge Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Diagnosis & Management Links Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/prothrombin-deficiency | Prothrombin deficiency Printable PDF Open All Close All Description Prothrombin deficiency is a bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process . People with this condition often experience prolonged bleeding following an injury , surgery , or having a tooth pulled . In severe cases of prothrombin deficiency , heavy bleeding occurs after minor trauma or even in the absence of injury ( spontaneous bleeding ) . Women with prothrombin deficiency can have prolonged and sometimes abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding . Serious complications can result from bleeding into the joints , muscles , brain , or other internal organs . Milder forms of do not involve spontaneous bleeding , and the condition may only become apparent following surgery or a serious injury . Frequency Causes Inheritance Pattern Other Names for This Condition Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"Prothrombin",
"bleeding disorder",
"blood clotting process"
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ATXN2 | ATXN2 gene ataxin 2 Printable PDF Open All Close All Normal Function The ATXN2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ataxin - 2 . This protein is found throughout the body , but its function is unknown . Ataxin - 2 is found in the fluid inside cells ( cytoplasm ) and seems to interact with a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum . The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein production , processing , and transport . Researchers believe that ataxin - 2 may be involved in processing RNA , a chemical cousin of DNA . Ataxin - 2 is also thought to play a role in the translation of genetic One region of the ATXN2 gene contains a DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat . This segment is made up of a series of three DNA building blocks ( cytosine , adenine , and guanine ) that appear multiple times in a row . Normally , the CAG segment is repeated approximately 22 times within the gene . Chromosomal Location Other Names for This Gene Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"ATXN2",
"cytoplasm"
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/F5 | F5 gene coagulation factor V Printable PDF Open All Close All Normal Function The F5 gene provides instructions for making a protein called coagulation factor V . Coagulation factors are a group of related proteins that make up the coagulation system , a series of chemical reactions that form blood clots . After an injury , clots seal off blood vessels to stop bleeding and trigger blood vessel repair . The factor V protein is made primarily by cells in the liver . The protein circulates in the bloodstream in an inactive form until the coagulation system is activated by an injury that damages blood vessels . When coagulation factor V is activated , it interacts with coagulation factor X . The active forms of these two coagulation factors ( written as factor Va and factor Xa , respectively ) form a complex that converts an important coagulation protein called prothrombin to its active form , thrombin . Thrombin then converts a protein called fibrinogen into fibrin , which is Coagulation factor V has another role in regulating the coagulation system through its interaction with activated protein C ( APC ) . APC normally inactivates coagulation factor V by cutting ( cleaving ) it at specific sites . This inactivation slows down the clotting process and prevents clots from growing too large . When coagulation factor V is cleaved at a particular site ( protein position 506 ) , it can work with APC to inactivate factor VIIIa , which is another protein that is essential for normal blood clotting . Chromosomal Location Other Names for This Gene Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page More from Genetics Home Reference | [
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/IGF1R | IGF1R gene insulin like growth factor 1 receptor Open All Close All The information on this page was automatically extracted from online scientific databases . Normal Function From NCBI Gene This receptor binds insulin - like growth factor with a high affinity . It has tyrosine kinase activity . The insulin - like growth factor I receptor plays a critical role in transformation events . Cleavage of the precursor generates alpha and beta subunits . It is highly overexpressed in most malignant tissues where it functions as an anti - apoptotic agent by enhancing cell survival . Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene . [ provided by RefSeq , May 2014 ] From UniProt Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates actions of insulin - like growth factor 1 ( IGF1 ) . Binds IGF1 with high affinity and IGF2 and insulin ( INS ) with a lower affinity . The activated IGF1R is involved in cell growth and survival control . IGF1R is crucial for tumor transformation and survival of malignant cell . Ligand binding activates the receptor kinase , leading to receptor autophosphorylation , and tyrosines phosphorylation of multiple substrates , that function as signaling adapter proteins including , the insulin - receptor substrates ( IRS1 / 2 ) , Shc and 14 - When present in a hybrid receptor with INSR , binds IGF1 . PubMed : 12138094 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1 , with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin , and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1 , IGF2 and insulin . In contrast , PubMed : 16831875 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics , both Chromosomal Location Other Names for This Gene Additional Information & Resources | [
"IGF1R",
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/LDHA | LDHA gene lactate dehydrogenase A Printable PDF Open All Close All Normal Function The LDHA gene provides instructions for making a protein called lactate dehydrogenase - A , which is one piece ( subunit ) of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme . There are five different forms of this enzyme , each made up of four protein subunits . Various combinations of lactate dehydrogenase - A subunits and lactate dehydrogenase - B subunits ( which are produced from a different gene ) make up the different forms of the enzyme . The lactate dehydrogenase enzyme is found throughout the body and is important for performing a chemical reaction that provides energy for the body . The version of lactate dehydrogenase made of four lactate dehydrogenase - A subunits is found primarily in skeletal muscles , which are muscles used for movement . Skeletal muscles need large amounts of energy during high - intensity physical activity when the body ' s oxygen intake is not sufficient for the amount of energy required ( anaerobic exercise ) . To create additional energy , glucose stored in the body as glycogen gets broken down . During the final stage of glycogen breakdown , the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme converts the molecule pyruvate into a similar molecule called lactate , Chromosomal Location Other Names for This Gene Additional Information & Resources Sources for This Page | [
"LDHA gene",
"lactate dehydrogenase"
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http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/mutationsanddisorders/chromosomalconditions | Can changes in the number of chromosomes affect health and development ? Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes , for a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell . A change in the number of chromosomes can cause problems with growth , development , and function of the body ' s systems . These changes can occur during the formation of reproductive cells ( eggs and sperm ) , in early fetal development , or in any cell after birth . A gain or loss of chromosomes from the normal 46 is called aneuploidy . A common form of aneuploidy is trisomy , or the presence of an extra chromosome in cells . " Tri - " is Greek for " three " ; people with trisomy have three copies of a particular chromosome in cells instead of the normal two copies . Down syndrome is an example of a condition caused by trisomy . People with Down syndrome typically have three copies of chromosome 21 in each cell , for a total of 47 chromosomes per cell . Monosomy , or the loss of one chromosome in cells , is another kind of aneuploidy . " Mono - " is Greek for " one " ; people with monosomy have one copy of a particular chromosome in cells instead of the normal two copies . Turner syndrome is a condition caused by monosomy . Women with Turner syndrome usually have only one copy of the X chromosome in every cell , for a total of 45 chromosomes per cell . Rarely , some cells end up with complete extra sets of chromosomes . Cells with one additional set of chromosomes , for a total of 69 chromosomes , are called triploid . Cells with two additional sets of chromosomes , for a total of 92 chromosomes , are called tetraploid . A condition in which every cell in the body has an extra set of chromosomes is not compatible with life . In some cases , a change in the number of chromosomes occurs only in certain cells . When an individual has two or more cell populations with a different chromosomal makeup , this situation is called chromosomal mosaicism . Chromosomal mosaicism occurs from an error in cell division in cells other than eggs and sperm . Most commonly , some cells end up with one extra or missing chromosome ( for a total of 45 or 47 chromosomes per cell ) , while other cells have the usual 46 chromosomes . Mosaic Turner syndrome is one example of chromosomal mosaicism . In females with this condition , some cells have 45 chromosomes because they are missing one copy of the X chromosome , while other cells have the usual number of chromosomes . Many cancer cells also have changes in their number of chromosomes . These changes are not inherited ; they occur in somatic cells ( cells other than eggs or sperm ) during the formation or progression of a cancerous tumor . | [
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http://gi.org/guideline/colorectal-cancer-screening/ | Colorectal Cancer Screening Download PDF Douglas K . Rex , MD , FACG 1 , David A . Johnson , MD , FACG 1 , Joseph C . Anderson , MD , Phillip S . Schoenfeld , MD , MSEd , MSc ( Epi ) , FACG , Carol A . Burke , MD , FACG and John M . Inadomi , MD , FACG Indiana University Medical Center , Gastroenterology , IU Hospital , Indianapolis , USA . Am J Gastroenterol 2009 ; 104 : 739 – 750 ; doi : 10.1038 / ajg . 2009 . 104 ; published online 24 February 2009 Received 21 October 2008 ; accepted 12 December 2008 Correspondence : Douglas K . Rex , MD , FACG , Indiana University Medical Center , Gastroenterology , 550 N University Blvd . , IU Hospital , # 4100 , Indianapolis 46202 , USA . E - mail : drex @ iupui . edu Abstract This document is the first update of the American College of Gastroenterology ( ACG ) colorectal cancer ( CRC ) screening recommendations since 2000 . The CRC screening tests are now grouped into cancer prevention tests and cancer detection tests . Colonoscopy every 10 years , beginning at age 50 , remains the preferred CRC screening strategy . It is recognized that colonoscopy is not available in every clinical setting because of economic limitations . It is also realized that not all eligible persons are willing to undergo colonoscopy for screening purposes . In these cases , patients should be Introduction The members of the writing committee carried out a systematic literature review and developed the updated guideline recommendation document . Only peer - reviewed English language articles were included . The criteria used for evaluation of studies and assessment of the category of evidence and strength of recommendation are shown in Table 1 ( 1 ) . These guidelines have also been reviewed and approved by the Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology ( ACG ) and by the ACG Board of Trustees . Table 1 . Grading recommendations Grade of recommendation / description Benefit vs . risk and burdens Methodological quality of supporting evidence Implications 1A / Strong recommendation , high - quality evidence Benefits clearly outweigh risk and burdens , or vice versa RCTs without important limitations or overwhelming evidence from observational studies Strong recommendation , can apply to most patients in most circumstances without reservation 1B / Strong recommendation , moderatequality evidence Benefits clearly outweigh risk and burdens , or vice versa RCTs with important limitations ( inconsistent results , methodological flaws , indirect , or imprecise ) or exceptionally strong evidence from observational studies Strong recommendation , can apply to most patients in most circumstances without reservation 1C / Strong recommendation , low - quality or very low - quality evidence Observational studies or case series Strong recommendation but may change when higher quality evidence becomes available 2A / Weak recommendation , high - quality evidence Benefits closely balanced with risks and burden RCTs without important limitations or overwhelming evidence from observational studies Weak recommendation , best action may differ depending on circumstances or patients ’ or societal values 2B / Weak recommendation , moderate - quality evidence Benefits closely balanced with risks and burden RCTs with important limitations ( inconsistent results , methodological flaws , indirect , or imprecise ) or exceptionally strong evidence from observational studies Weak recommendation , best action may differ depending on circumstances or patients ’ or societal values 2C / Weak recommendation , low - quality or very low - quality evidence Uncertainty in the estimates of benefits , risks , and burden ; benefits , risk , and burden may be closely balanced Observational studies or case series Very weak recommendations ; other alternatives may be equally reasonable RCT , randomized controlled trial . Source : Guyatt et al . ( 1 ) . The ACG is an organization of more than 10,000 clinical gastroenterologists and related health professionals . In 2000 , the ACG issued colorectal cancer ( CRC ) screening recommendations that endorsed colonoscopy every 10 years , beginning at age 50 , as the preferred CRC screening strategy ( 2 ) . The ACG was the first organization to recommend colonoscopy as the preferred strategy for the CRC screening ; and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ( 3 ) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network ( 4 ) subsequently endorsed this recommendation . Other guidelines for CRC screening often utilize an approach called the “ menu of options . ” In this approach , multiple options for screening are presented which differ with regard to their effectiveness , risk , and degree of invasiveness ( and , therefore , potentially their acceptability to patients ) . The menu - of - options approach was first formalized by the “ GI consortium ” in May 1997 ( 5 ) , endorsed by the American Cancer Society in 1997 ( 6 ) , revised by the US Multisociety Task Force in 2003 ( 7 ) Table 2 . The rationale for a separate ACG screening guideline is discussed below . Table 2 . Changes in this guideline from the 2000 ACG recommendations for screening ( see reference 2 ) 1 . Screening tests are divided into cancer prevention and cancer detection tests . Cancer prevention tests are preferred over detection tests . 2 . Screening is recommended in African Americans beginning at age 45 years . 3 . CT colonography every 5 years replaces double contrast barium enema as the radiographic screening alternative , when patients decline colonoscopy . 4 . FIT replaces older guaiac - based fecal occult blood testing . FIT is the preferred cancer detection test . 5 . Annual Hemoccult Sensa and fecal DNA testing every 3 years are alternative cancer detection tests . 6 . A family history of only small tubular adenomas in first - degree relatives is not considered to increase the risk of CRC . 7 . Individuals with a single first - degree relative with CRC or advanced adenomas diagnosed at age ≥ 60 years can be screened like average - risk persons . ACG , American College of Gastroenterology ; CRC , colorectal cancer ; CT , computed tomography ; FIT , fecal immunochemical test . Rationale for a preferred strategy As in 2000 , the ACG recommends that clinicians have access to a “ preferred ” strategy for making CRC screening recommendations , as an alternative to the “ menu of options ” approach , if warranted by the performance characteristics of one of the tests . The ACG recommends colonoscopy every 10 years based on the evidence of colonoscopy effectiveness , cost - effectiveness , and acceptance by patients . A “ preferred ” strategy simplifies and shortens discussions with patients and could also increase the likelihood that screening is offered to patients . One randomized trial showed that Cancer prevention tests vs . cancer detection tests The recent joint guideline ( 8 ) groups CRC screening tests into cancer prevention and cancer detection tests . Cancer prevention tests have the potential to image both cancer and polyps , whereas cancer detection tests have low sensitivity for polyps and typically lower sensitivity for cancer compared with that in cancer prevention tests ( imaging tests ) . The ACG supports the division of screening tests into cancer prevention and cancer detection tests , but recommends a preferred cancer prevention test — colonoscopy every 10 years ( Grade 1 B ) and a preferred cancer detection test — annual Table 3 Table 3 . CRC screening recommendations Preferred CRC screening recommendations Cancer prevention tests should be offered first . The preferred CRC prevention test is colonoscopy every 10 years , beginning at age 50 . ( Grade 1 B ) Screening should begin at age 45 years in African Americans ( Grade 2 C ) Cancer detection test . This test should be offered to patients who decline colonoscopy or another cancer prevention test . The preferred cancer detection test is annual FIT for blood ( Grade 1 B ) Alternative CRC prevention tests Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 – 10 years ( Grade 2 B ) CT colonography every 5 years ( Grade 1 C ) Alternative cancer detection tests Annual Hemoccult Sensa ( Grade 1 B ) Fecal DNA testing every 3 years ( Grade 2 B ) Recommendations for screening when family history is positive but evaluation for HNPCC considered not indicated Single first - degree relative with CRC or advanced adenoma diagnosed at age ≥ 60 years Recommended screening : same as average risk ( Grade 2 B ) Single first - degree with CRC or advanced adenoma diagnosed at age < 60 years or two first - degree relatives with CRC or advanced adenomas . Recommended screening : colonoscopy every 5 years beginning at age 40 years or 10 years younger than age at diagnosis of the youngest affected relative ( Grade 2 B ) FAP Patients with classic FAP ( > 100 adenomas ) should be advised to pursue genetic counseling and genetic testing , if they have siblings or children who could potentially benefit from this testing ( Grade 2 B ) Patients with known FAP or who are at risk of FAP based on family history ( and genetic testing has not been performed ) should undergo annual flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy , as appropriate , until such time as colectomy is deemed by physician and patient as the best treatment ( Grade 2 B ) Patients with retained rectum after subtotal colectomy should undergo flexible sigmoidoscopy every 6 – 12 months ( Grade 2 B ) Patients with classic FAP , in whom genetic testing is negative , should undergo genetic testing for bi - allelic MYH mutations . Patients with 10 – 100 adenomas can be considered for genetic testing for attenuated FAP and if negative , MYH associated polyposis ( Grade 2 C ) HNPCC Patients who meet the Bethesda criteria should undergo microsatellite instability testing of their tumor or a family member ’ s tumor and / or tumor immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins ( Grade 2 B ) Patients with positive tests can be offered genetic testing . Those with positive genetic testing , or those at risk when genetic testing is unsuccessful in an affected proband , should undergo colonoscopy every 2 years beginning at age 20 – 25 years , until age 40 years , then annually thereafter ( Grade 2 B ) CRC , colorectal cancer ; CT , computed tomography , FAP , familial adenomatous polyposis ; FIT , fecal immunochemical test ; HNPCC , hereditary non - polyposis colorectal cancer . Preferred CRC prevention test : colonoscopy every 10 years ( Grade 1 B ) The ACG recommends that quality colonoscopy be offered first to patients aged ≥ 50 years ( Table 3 ) . A background discussion of screening colonoscopy , including discussion of quality in technical performance ( which is deemed critical to screening colonoscopy ) is found in Appendix B . Alternative CRC prevention tests are discussed in Appendix C . In clinical settings , in which economic issues preclude primary screening with colonoscopy , or for patients who decline colonoscopy , one of the alternative cancer prevention tests ( Appendix C ) or the preferred cancer detection test , occult blood detection through the FIT ( ) should be offered . Preferred cancer detection test : annual FIT ( Grade 1 B ) The preferred cancer detection test is annual FIT . This test has superior performance characteristics when compared with older guaiac - based Hemoccult II cards ( 15 – 17 ) ; additionally , there were 10 and 12 % gains in adherence with the FIT in the first two randomized controlled trials comparing the FIT with guaiac - based testing ( 18 , 19 ) , The overall result of superior performance and improved adherence was a doubling in the detection of advanced lesions , with little loss of positive predictive value ( 18 , 19 ) . The ACG ) , are discussed in Appendix D . However , because of more extensive data ( compared with Hemoccult Sensa ) , and the high cost of fecal DNA testing , the ACG recommends the FIT as the preferred cancer detection test ( Grade 1 B ) . Age to begin screening in average - risk persons The ACG continues to recommend that screening begin at age 50 years in average - risk persons ( i.e. , those without a family history of colorectal neoplasia ) ( Grade 1 B ) , except for African Americans . The ACG recommends that screening begin at age 45 years in African Americans ( Grade 2 C ) . The rationale for this recommendation has been presented elsewhere ( 20 ) . The “ average risk ” population is large and complex with regard to risk . Certain other subgroups of the average - risk population might warrant initiation of screening at an earlier or later age , depending on their risk . For example , the age - adjusted risk of incident cancers ( 21 ) and prevalent adenomas ( 22 – 25 ) is greater in men than in women . However , delaying the onset of screening in women could result in a greater loss of life years in women who develop CRC in their 50s compared with that In reviewing the literature , the writing committee also identified heavy cigarette smoking and obesity as linked to an increased risk of CRC and to the development of CRC at an earlier age . The clinical evidence supporting the increased risk in these groups is given in Appendix A . The current evidence supports a decision by clinicians in individual patients with an extreme smoking history or obesity to begin screening at an age earlier than 50 years and perhaps as early as 45 years . A formal recommendation to begin screening at an earlier age in smokers and obese patients will be re - evaluated as additional evidence appears . Family history screening Single first - degree relative with CRC or advanced adenoma ( adenoma ≥ 1 cm in size , or with high - grade dysplasia or villous elements ) diagnosed at age ≥ 60 years . Recommended screening : same as average risk ( colonoscopy every 10 years beginning at age 50 years ) ( Grade 2 B ) . Single first - degree relative with CRC or advanced adenoma diagnosed at age < 60 years or two first - degree relatives with CRC or advanced adenomas . Recommended screening : colonoscopy every 5 years beginning at age 40 , or 10 years younger than age at diagnosis of the youngest affected relative ( Grade 2 B ) . The ACG recommendations for modification of the screening approach , according to family histories of colorectal polyps and cancer that are not suggestive of the Hereditary Non - polyposis Colorectal Cancer , are summarized in . Justification for these recommendations was outlined in the 2000 guideline ( 2 ) . The major change in this guideline is that an increased level of screening is no longer recommended for a simple family history of adenomas in a first - degree relative . The earlier ACG recommendations were that adenomas and cancer in first - degree relatives be treated equally in modifying the family history . Many studies purporting to describe the risk of CRC in first - degree relatives of patients with adenomas could be considered to have evaluated the reverse risk , i.e. , the Familial adenomatous polyposis Patients with features of an inherited CRC syndrome should be advised to pursue genetic counseling and , if appropriate , genetic testing . Genetic counseling and informed consent are preferred over direct genetic testing , as current laws may not provide adequate protection with regards to life insurance , long - term care insurance , or disability insurance . Individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) should undergo APC mutation testing and , if negative , MYH mutation testing . Patients with FAP or at risk of FAP based upon family history should undergo annual flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy Hereditary non - polyposis colorectal cancer Patients who meet the Bethesda criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ( 30 ) should undergo microsatellite instability testing of their tumor , or an affected family member ’ s tumor , and / or tumor immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins . Patients with positive tests can be offered genetic testing and when genetic testing is positive in a proband , at risk family members can be offered genetic testing . Those patients with positive genetic testing , or those at risk when genetic testing is unsuccessful in an affected proband , should undergo colonoscopy every 2 years beginning Summary of Current Guideline Updates Owing to its potential for a high level of effectiveness in CRC prevention and extensive study of outcomes associated with its use , quality colonoscopy every 10 years beginning at age 50 remains the preferred CRC screening strategy . Patients who decline colonoscopy , or for whom colonoscopy is unavailable , or not feasible should be offered one of the alternative CRC prevention tests ( flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 – 10 years or computed tomography , CT , colonography every 5 years ) or the preferred CRC detection test ( FIT ) . The CRC screening in average - risk References 1 . Guyatt G , Gutterman D , Baumann MH et al . Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines : report from an American College of Chest Physicians Task Force . Chest 2006 ; 129 : 174 – 81 . 2 . Rex DK , Johnson DA , Lieberman DA et al . Colorectal cancer prevention 2000 : screening recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology . Am J Gastroenterol 2000 ; 95 : 868 – 77 . 3 . Davila RE , Rajan E , Baron TH ASGE guideline : colorectal cancer screening and surveillance . Gastrointest Endosc 2006 ; 63 : 546 – 57 . 4 . Colorectal Cancer Screening . NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology . http : \ \ www . nccn . org ( V . 2 . 2008 ) . 5 . Winawer S , Fletcher R , Miller L Colorectal cancer screening : clinical guidelines and rationale . Gastroenterology 1997 ; 112 : 594 – 642 . 6 . Byers T , Levin B , Rothenberger D American Cancer Society guidelines for screening and surveillance for early detection of colorectal polyps and cancer : update 1997 . American Cancer Society Detection and Treatment Advisory Group on Colorectal Cancer . CA : Cancer J Clin 1997 ; 47 : 154 – 60 . 7 . Winawer S , Fletcher R , Rex D , et al . Gastrointestinal Consortium P . Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance : clinical guidelines and rationale - update based on new evidence . Gastroenterology 2003 ; 124 : 544 – 60 . 8 . Levin B , Lieberman DA , McFarland B Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps , 2008 : a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society , the US Multi - Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer , and the American College of Radiology . Gastroenterology 2008 ; 134 : 1570 – 95 . 9 . Inadomi J , Kuhn L , Vijan S Adherence to competing colorectal cancer screening strategies . Am J Gastroenterol 2005 ; 100 : S387 – 8 . 10 . Griffith JM , Lewis CL Brenner AR The effect of offering different numbers of colorectal cancer screening test options in a decision aid : a pilot randomized trial . BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2008 ; 8 : 4 ; Available at http : / / www . biomedcentral . com / 1472 - 6947 / 8 / 4 . 11 . Boolchand V , Olds G , Singh J Colorectal screening after polypectomy : a national survey study of primary care physicians . Ann Intern Med 2006 ; 145 : 654 – 9 . 12 . Mysliwiec PA , Brown ML , Klabunde CN Are physicians doing too much colonoscopy ? A national survey of colorectal surveillance after polypectomy . Ann Intern Med 2004 ; 141 : 264 – 71 . 13 . Burke C , Issa M , Church J . A nationwide survey of post - polypectomy surveillance colonoscopy : too many too soon ! . Gastroenterology 2005 ; 128 : A566 . 14 . Robertson RH , Burkhardt JH , Powell MP Trends in colon cancer screening procedures in the US Medicare and Tricare populations : 1999 - 2001 . Prev Med 2006 ; 42 : 460 – 2 . 15 . Nakajima M , Saito H , Soma Y Prevention of advanced colorectal cancer by screening using the immunochemical faecal occult blood test : a case - control study . Br J Cancer 2003 ; 89 : 23 – 8 . 16 . Lee KJ , Inoue M , Otani T Colorectal cancer screening using fecal occult blood test and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer : a prospective cohort study in Japan . Cancer Detect Prev 2007 ; 31 : 3 – 11 . 17 . Zappa M , Castiglione G , Grazzini G Effect of faecal occult blood testing on colorectal mortality : results of a population - based case - control study in the district of Florence , Italy . Int J Cancer 1997 ; 73 : 208 – 10 . 18 . van Rossum LG , van Rijn AF , Laheij RJ Random comparison of guaiac and immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer in a screening population . Gastroenterology 2008 ; 135 : 82 – 90 . 19 . Hol L , van Leerdam ME , van Ballegooijen M Attendance to screening for colorectal cancer in the Netherlands ; randomized controlled trial comparing two different forms of faecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy . Gastroenterology 2008 ; 134 : A87 . 20 . Agrawal S , Bhupinderjit A , Bhutani MS Colorectal cancer in African Americans . Am J Gastroenterol 2005 ; 100 : 515 – 23 ; discussion 514 . 21 . Chu KC , Tarone RE Chow WH Temporal patterns in colorectal cancer incidence , survival , and mortality from 1950 through 1990 . J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 ; 86 : 997 – 1006 . 22 . Schoenfeld P , Cash B , Flood A Colonoscopic screening of average - risk women for colorectal neoplasia . N Engl J Med 2005 ; 352 : 2061 – 8 . 23 . Lieberman DA , Weiss DG , Bond JH Use of colonoscopy to screen asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer . Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group 380 . N Engl J Med 2000 ; 343 : 162 – 8 . 24 . Regula J , Rupinski M , Kraszewska E Colonoscopy in colorectal - cancer screening for detection of advanced neoplasia . N Engl J Med 2006 ; 355 : 1863 – 72 . 25 . Rex D , Sledge G , Harper P Colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic persons with negative fecal occult blood tests : influence of age , gender , and family history . Am J Gastroenterol 1993 ; 88 : 825 – 31 . 26 . Cottet V , Pariente A , Nalet B Colonoscopic screening of first - degree relatives of patients with large adenomas : increased risk of colorectal tumors . Gastroenterology 2007 ; 133 : 1086 – 92 . 27 . Atkin WS , Morson BC , Cuzick J . Long - term risk of colorectal cancer after excision of rectosigmoid adenomas . N Engl J Med 1992 ; 326 : 658 – 62 . 28 . Rex DK , Helbig CC . High yields of small and flat adenomas with high - definition colonoscopes using either white light or narrow band imaging . Gastroenterology 2007 ; 133 : 42 – 7 . 29 . Vasen HF , Moslein G , Alonso A Guidelines for the clinical management of familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) . Gut 2008 ; 57 : 704 – 13 . 30 . Umar A , Boland CR , Terdiman JP Revised Bethesda Guidelines for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer ( Lynch syndrome ) and microsatellite instability . J Natl Cancer Inst 2004 ; 96 : 261 – 8 . 31 . Giovannucci E . 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J Mol Diagn 2004 ; 6 : 386 – 95 . 133 . Itzkowitz SH , Jandorf L , Brand R Improved fecal DNA test for colorectal cancer screening . Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007 ; 5 : 111 – 7 . Appendix Risk factors under consideration for more intense screening in future guidelines ( smokers and obese patients ) The ACG recommends that clinicians be aware of an increased risk of CRC in cigarette smokers and obese patients . This evidence is summarized below . The ACG does not recommend that screening be initiated earlier in these groups at this time . Clinicians should make special efforts to ensure that screening takes place in these groups . The ACG recommends additional study to characterize the potential benefits , harms , and cost - effectiveness of earlier screening in these groups . Cigarette smokers Smoking is associated with up to 20 % of all CRCs in the United States ( 31 ) , and was one of the strongest predictors of CRC in the Physician ’ s Health Study ( 32 ) . As over 20 % of Americans currently smoke ( 33 ) , the increase in risk for CRC may be yet another major medical consequence of tobacco use within the United States and worldwide . Literature review reveals that people who have more than 20 pack - years of smoking have over 2 - 3 times the risk for colorectal adenomas An important observation that underscores the potential value of screening smokers earlier is the younger age at which smokers are diagnosed with CRC . Although there may be other factors that explain this observation , an age difference of at least 5 years between smokers and non - smokers with CRC has been noted in four separate populations over two decades ( 45 - 47 ) . Smokers may also be more likely to present with an advanced stage of CRC than non - smokers ( 48 ) . Two studies of patients undergoing screening colonoscopy showed that smoking was et al . ( 53 ) observed that smokers are at a risk for advanced isolated proximal neoplasia , underscoring the need for complete colonic evaluation in smokers during colonoscopy . Smoking can be measured by duration , intensity , and number of years since cessation . It has been shown that smokers recall details of their exposure quite accurately ( 54 ) . Several studies have suggested that smoking one pack per day or more significantly increases the risk and mortality for CRC ( 38 - 43 ) . It has also been observed that the risk of CRC ( 40 ) and mortality ( 42 ) may be increased after 20 pack - years or less of smoking exposure . The impact of quitting is as yet unclear , Based on these data , the ACG recommends that special efforts be made to ensure that screening takes place in active smokers and those who have smoked for more than 20 pack - years . Initiation of screening at a younger age ( as early as 45 years ) may be shown to be beneficial and cost - effective in persons with more 20 pack - years of smoking . These recommendations , however , may be tempered by the presence of medical complications of smoking that reduce the impact of CRC screening on overall life expectancy . Additional study Smoking can be measured by duration , intensity , and number of years since cessation . It has been shown that smokers recall details of their exposure quite accurately ( 54 ) . Several studies have suggested that smoking one pack per day or more significantly increases the risk and mortality for CRC ( 38 - 43 ) . It has also been observed that the risk of CRC ( 40 ) and mortality ( 42 ) may be increased after 20 pack - years or less of smoking exposure . The impact of quitting is as yet unclear , Obesity A consistent body of evidence supports the concept that both overweight and obese statuses are associated with an increased risk of CRC . The risk of CRC for obese patients compared with that for non - obese patients is increased by 1.5 - 2.8 fold ( 55 - 60 ) . Recent data from the NIH - AARP cohort found that body mass index ( BMI ) was related to CRC risk for younger ( age 50 - 66 years ) but not older ( age 67 - 71 years ) persons ( 60 ) . The BMI was associated with an increased incidence of colon cancer in men and women but not with rectal cancer . For men , the relative risks for overweight ( BMI 25 - 30 ) ranged from 1.44 to 1.53 and for obese ( BMI > 30 - < 40 ) from 1.57 to 2.39 Obesity is also associated with colon adenomas ( presence and size ) ( 62 - 64 ) . Overall , obesity approximately doubles the relative risk of adenomas , and is particularly associated with high - risk adenomas ( ≥ 1 cm , tubulovillous ) . The mechanisms by which obesity may promote colon carcinogenesis are discussed elsewhere ( 65 - 70 ) . Based on the apparent increased relative risks for CRC and adenomas , the ACG recommends that special efforts are warranted to ensure the screening takes place in obese and overweight patients . Initiation of screening at an earlier age ( as early as 45 years ) may be beneficial and cost - effective in obese patients . These recommendations , however , may be tempered by the presence of medical complications of obesity , which reduce the impact of CRC screening on overall life expectancy . Additional study is warranted . Appendix B Discussion of screening colonoscopy The evidence that colonoscopy prevents incident CRCs and reduces the consequent mortality from CRC is indirect but substantial . No prospective randomized controlled trial , comparing colonoscopy with no screening , has been carried out . However in a randomized controlled trial , involving only 800 patients , in which flexible sigmoidoscopy with colonoscopy carried out for any polyp detected was compared with no screening , the screening strategy resulted in an 80 % reduction in the incidence of CRC ( 71 ) . In addition , at the University of Minnesota , a randomized controlled trial was carried out Major advantages of colonoscopy as a screening test include that it is widely available ( 81 ) , examines the entire colon , allows single - session diagnosis and treatment , is comfortable when carried out with sedation , and is the only test recommended at 10 - year intervals ( 2 - 8 ) . The incremental benefit of colonoscopy over sigmoidoscopy is the detection of patients with proximal colon neoplasia ( particularly advanced adenomas ) , as well as large hyperplastic polyps that are not associated with distal neoplasia ( 82 , 83 ) . Overall , sigmoidoscopy Screening colonoscopy can be associated with significant harm , particularly colonic perforation ( 86 , 87 ) . Many perforations are related to polypectomy and because small polyps are so numerous , small polyp polypectomy perforations contribute substantially to the overall perforation risk ( 87 ) . Perforations associated with removal of small polyps are unfortunate , because the overwhelming majority of these polyps will not harm patients . Effective removal of these polyps by cold snare polypectomy or biopsy techniques is possible , at least for very small polyps ( 88 ) , and is not associated with either The ACG continues to recommend that colonoscopy be carried out at 10 - year intervals in average - risk persons with normal initial examinations . The evidence to support the 10 - year interval is indirect but substantial . First , the protective effect for distal CRC provided by sigmoidoscopy and polypectomy in case – control studies , although imperfect , has been shown to be prolonged ( 79 , 80 ) . In the Kaiser Permanente case - control study ( this study first established the benefit of endoscopic screening ) , the duration of mortality reduction was 10 Despite these caveats , there is little doubt that the overall impact of colonoscopy depends critically on high - quality baseline examinations . Therefore , the ACG recommends that screening colonoscopies be carried out by appropriately trained and skilled examiners , who are dedicated to consistent performance of high - quality examinations and employ programmatic measurements to optimize the outcomes through continuous quality improvement processes ( 88,102 ) . The ACG has both endorsed ( 102 ) and developed ( 88 ) quality indicators for colonoscopy . Readers can consult these documents ( 88,102 ) for a full description of quality indicators for colonoscopy . A major focus of these quality indicators that bears importantly on the impact of colonoscopy at 10 - year intervals , are those directed to the quality of mucosal inspection . In addition to using an appropriate technique and time for mucosal inspection , colonoscopists must have expertise in safe and effective bowel preparation . Mucosal inspection during screening colonoscopy should be meticulous . The rationale and importance of the continuous quality improvement programs is emphasized by recent studies , showing lower than anticipated rates of protection against CRC by colonoscopy and polypectomy . Thus , adenoma cohorts participating in dietary intervention trials in the United States ( 109,110 ) and chemoprevention trials ( 111 ) have experienced little or no reduction in CRC incidence , compared with that in general population risk . Although the risk in these cohorts might be anticipated to be higher than the general population , the observed incidence of cancer clearly exceeds that anticipated based on earlier cohort Inadequate bowel preparation is common in the United States ( 112 ) , and inadequate preparation has been shown to impair the detection of both small ( 112,113 ) and large ( 113 ) polyps , and has also been shown recently in prospective colonoscopy studies to correlate with polyp detection ( 114 - 116 ) . Although several commercial bowel preparations are available , certain principles of preparation will enhance the effectiveness of each of these commercial preparations . Best established is the principle of “ splitting , ” in which at least half of the preparation is given Several recent technical developments can enhance the mucosal inspection process during colonoscopy . Pancolonic chromoendoscopy is effective for enhancing adenoma detection , but impractical for routine use ( 103 ) . Narrow band imaging does not enhance mucosal inspection by endoscopists with high adenoma detection rates , but may be a useful teaching tool for enhancement of flat lesion detection by endoscopists with low adenoma detection rates ( 103 ) . Wide - angle colonoscopy , cap - fitted colonoscopy , and the Third Eye Retroscope ( Avantis Medical Systems , Sunnyvale , CA ) are all under development as Table 4 Table 4 . Key measures for improving the quality and cost - effectiveness of colonoscopy as a CRC screening test Bowel preparation should be given in split doses ( half of the dose is given on the day of procedure ) . Cecal intubation should be documented by description of landmarks and photography . All colonoscopists should document adenoma detection rates . Withdrawal times should average at least 6 min in intact colons , in which no biopsies or polypectomies are performed ; this has greatest relevance to colonoscopists with low adenoma detection rates . Polyps should be removed by effective techniques , including snaring ( rather than forceps methods ) for all polyps > 5 mm in size . Piecemeal resection of large sessile lesions requires close follow - up . In patients with complete examinations and adequate preparation , recommended screening and surveillance intervals should be followed . CRC , colorectal cancer . Although colonoscopy is widely available and reimbursed as a strategy for CRC prevention , in some health care systems economic factors place limits on the feasibility of screening colonoscopy . In such cases , or when patients decline colonoscopy , alternative CRC prevention tests or FIT are very acceptable alternatives ( ) . Alternative cancer prevention tests Alternative CRC prevention tests are listed in . The rationale for flexible sigmoidoscopy as a CRC screening test was reviewed in the 2000 guideline . Since that time , the use of flexible sigmoidoscopy has declined dramatically in the United States ( 14 ) , though its use is still prevalent in certain settings . Flexible sigmoidoscopy is fundamentally similar to colonoscopy , except that less of the colon is examined , bowel preparation on average is less effective , and patients are not sedated . Flexible sigmoidoscopy can be offered at either 5 - year or 10 - year intervals . In the past , flexible Double contrast barium enema is no longer recommended as an alternative CRC prevention test , because its use has declined dramatically and also as its effectiveness for polyp detection is less than computed tomography ( CT ) colonography . The ACG considers that the DCBE could be used as a CRC screening test that is within the standard of care , if it is carried out by high volume operators with special interest and expertise in the technique . The rationale for DCBE over CT colonography is its low cost , but patients clearly prefer CT colonography ( 121,122 ) CT colonography , every 5 years , is endorsed as an alternative to colonoscopy every 10 years because of its recent performance in the American College of Imaging Network Trial 6664 ( also known as the National CT Colonography Trial ) ( 123 ) . Results from earlier multicenter trials in the United States ranged from excellent ( 124 ) to poor ( 121,125 ) . The principle performance feature that justifies inclusion of CT colonography as a viable alternative in patients who decline colonoscopy , is that the sensitivity for polyps ≥ 1 cm in size in the most ) . Second , the inability to detect polyps 5 mm and smaller , which constitutes 80 % of colorectal neoplasms , and whose natural history is still not understood , necessitates performance of the test at 5 year , rather than 10 - year intervals ( 8 ) . This is likely to increase overall costs , if CT colonography is used as a primary strategy . Although management of polyps < 1 cm in size is controversial , the ACG continues to recommend that patients with polyps 6 mm or larger be referred for polypectomy , as should Appendix D Alternative cancer detection tests The alternative cancer detection tests are listed in . Hemoccult Sensa is an improved guaiac - based card for fecal occult blood testing . It has superior sensitivity to older guaiac based cards , but the overall evidence is less than that supporting the FIT . Furthermore , the FIT resulted in improved adherence for CRC screening over card - based tests in two randomized controlled trials ( 18 , 19 ) . Therefore , FITs are preferred over Hemoccult Sensa . Fecal DNA testing has been evaluated in three different versions . The first ( Version 1.0 ) included tests for point mutations in k - ras , APC , P53 , mutations in the BAT26 microsatellite instability marker , and the DNA integrity assay . The sensitivity for cancer was superior to traditional guaiac - based occult blood testing , but the absolute sensitivity was 52 % and disappointing considering the high cost of the test ( 130 ) . After completion of the trial , it was learned that the DNA integrity assay , which had appeared to be the most promising element in the assay in early studies ( 131 ) , was non - informative because of the instability of DNA during shipment Download PDF | [
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"ACG"
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http://gigarelifestyle.com/education/the-problems-of-student-truancy | The Problems of Student Truancy By : Dr . Jamila Williams Truancy , described as missing school without permission , is a growing problem in today ’ s schools . Truancy is a problem for the entire society . Problematic truancy can lead to lowered student achievement , delinquency , drug involvement , and even early pregnancy . A student ’ s truancy can signal low attachment to school and produce negative relationships with peers who also have issues attending school . In some instances , these tendencies seem to be associated with those also experiencing drug abuse . The effect of student truancy not only affects the student , but According to the National Center for Health Statistics , over one - quarter ( 15 million ) of school - aged children ( aged 5 – 17 years ) in the United States did not have perfect attendance during the previous surveyed year due to illness or injury . During the survey year , five percent of children missed 11 or more days of school due to illness or injury . Children from families with low incomes were more than twice as likely to have absences of 11 days or more ( 9 % ) compared to children from families Causes of Truancy Statistically , nationwide during a four - week period in the spring of 2000 , more than half of eighth , tenth , and twelfth grade students missed one or more days of school . Frequent truancy caused the students to miss educational information and skills that were needed to be successful throughout the school year . Students who were truant often exhibited lower achievement , which fostered academic frustration causing further truancy . Other causes of student truancy included illness , family problems , working parents , lack of motivation and large school size . Students with high absenteeism The physical condition of the school was one factor researched as a potential hindrance to attendance . A study was conducted to determine if the infrastructure of a school influenced student absenteeism . Infrastructure was defined in the study as the physical condition of the building , permanent versus non - permanent components of the building , quality of custodial care within the building , and how crowded the classrooms were in each case . The study concluded that absenteeism and dropout rates could be impacted by the infrastructure of the school . Findings revealed that schools in need of The search for parental factors that might inhibit student attendance led to researched reasons for poor student attendance in a primary school in Nigeria . The study identified several factors that inhibited parents from sending their children to school . The most prevalent factors were poverty and the high cost of schooling . Additional reasons identified in the study were the value of money , misconceptions about the importance of educating females , and the rise in unemployment . The study concluded that poor parents did not send their children to school and females were more likely to be absent Student mobility was identified as another link to truancy . Students with high mobility rates tended to have an increase in absenteeism and a decrease in achievement performance . A recent study researched the academic performance of students with high mobility rates and students who were non - mobile . A negative relationship was found between student mobility rates and academic performance . A potential cause of disparity in performance could be associated with lost learning opportunities between changes in the schools which they attended as well as inconsistencies in school curricula . | [
"Student Truancy",
"drug abuse ."
] |
http://gilletts.com.au/blog/engagement-rings/why-is-platinum-so-expensive/ | Exotic Wedding Rings Fischer 14ct and Black Carbon Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,050 Fischer 14ct Two Tone Diamond Floral Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,425 Fischer 14ct White Gold Diamond Floral Wedding Ring $ AUD 727.5 Fischer 14ct Two Tone Diamond Floral Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,425 Fischer 14ct and Black Carbon Two Tone Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,725 Fischer 14ct and Black Carbon Two Tone Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,087.5 Fischer 14ct and Black Carbon Two Tone Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,800 $ AUD 1,800 Fischer 14ct And Black Carbon Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,050 $ AUD 1,087.5 Fischer 14ct and Black Carbon Two Tone Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 1,275 Fischer platinum and Ceramic Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 8,250 Fischer 14ct and Ceramic Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 2,850 Fischer 14ct and Ceramic Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 2,287.5 $ AUD 4,200 $ AUD 1,650 Fischer 14ct and Black Ceramic Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 4,125 Fischer 14ct and Blue Ceramic Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 3,900 Fischer 14ct White Gold and Green Ceramic Diamond Wedding Ring $ AUD 2,475 Fischer 14ct and Black Carbon Diamond Floral Wedding Ring Fischer 14ct and Black Carbon Wedding Ring Fischer 14ct White Gold Diamond Floral Wedding Ring $ AUD 727.5 $ AUD 1,725 Black Zirconium Wedding Rings Black Zirconium & 9ct White Gold Ring $ AUD 419.1 Black Zirconium Men ' s Ring $ AUD 146.3 P W Beck Black Zirconium Ring $ AUD 172.5 P . 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Gillett ’ s Jewellers provides something unique to our customers – the chance to find a piece that truly reflects who you are . With an extensive catalogue of rings , bracelets , earrings and pendants , and a special focus on creating custom wedding rings , our store helps you find something beautifully crafted and uniquely you . Based at our boutique Newmarket store in Brisbane ’ s north , we ’ ve been creating beautiful pieces for more than four decades , offering a touch of elegance and sophistication to people across A ring for every occasion At the heart of our business is a love for creating beautiful , romantic moments . We offer a range of engagement anniversary , and wedding rings in a diverse range of metals and styles , so whether your tastes run to classic rose gold or a more contemporary tungsten or titanium , you ’ ll find something to suit in our catalogue . With options for both men and women , Gillett ’ s ensures that the beginning of your new life together is beautiful in every way . At Gillett ’ s , we ’ re not just experienced jewellery designers , but talented curators . Working closely with a diverse range of suppliers , we provide a broad selection of pieces from Dora and Endless , Nomination as well as official Disney branded jewellery . With an eye for quality and a deep understanding of what our discerning clientele is looking for , our staff scour the globe for the most exclusive and beautiful pieces , offering you only the finest in modern jewellery . Brisbane ’ s most sought - after jewellers Founded in 1974 in an upstairs workshop in Brisbane , growth and success caused Gillett ’ s to move to larger and larger retail locations in Brisbane ’ s city mall , now after more than 40 years Gillett ’ s have moved back to their roots , back to a quiet intimate boutique workshop location at Newmarket , where clients can park directly outside walk in to a quiet peaceful showroom , the difference is at Gillett ’ s there is no pressure , you the customer comes first not the sale . Start a conversation with us via | [
"ENGAGEMENT RINGS",
"GILLETTS JEWELLERS",
"QUEENSLAND , AUSTRALIA"
] |
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