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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed .
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
No two humans are genetically identical.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Even monozygotic twins , who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy number variation .
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting .
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more .
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations .
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
The main cause is genetic drift , this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today.
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Q2470
what is genetic differences
Human genetic variation
For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
Tea Party protesters on the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol and the National Mall at the Taxpayer March on Washington on September 12, 2009.
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
The Tea Party movement is an American political movement that advocates strict adherence to the United States Constitution , reducing U.S. government spending and taxes , and reduction of the U.S. national debt and federal budget deficit .
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
The movement has been called partly conservative , partly libertarian , and partly populist .
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
The movement has sponsored protests and supported political candidates since 2009.
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
The name of the movement is derived from the Boston Tea Party of 1773, an iconic event in American history.
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
Anti-tax protesters in the United States have often referred to the original Boston Tea Party for inspiration.
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
References to the Boston Tea Party were part of Tax Day protests held throughout the 1990s and earlier.
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Q2471
what is the political tea party
Tea Party movement
By 2001, a custom had developed among some conservative activists of mailing tea bags to legislators and other officials as a symbolic act.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
The currencies of Puerto Rico closely follow the historic development of Puerto Rico .
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
As a colony of Spain and the United States , Puerto Rico was granted the use of both foreign and provincial currencies.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
Following the Spanish colonization in 1502, Puerto Rico became an important port, with its own supply of gold.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
However, as the mineral reserves ran empty within the century, the archipelago's economy suffered.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
The Spanish Crown issued the Situado Mexicano, which meant that a semi-regular shipment of gold from the Viceroyalty of New Spain would be sent to the island, as a way to provide economic support.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
Between 1636 and 1637, Philip IV of Spain imposed a tax which had to be paid using a revenue stamp .
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
Inspired by this, Puerto Rico began producing banknotes in 1766, becoming the first colony to print 8- real banknotes in the Spanish Empire and which in the Spanish government's approval of subsequent issues.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
The situado was discontinued during the 19th century, creating an economic crisis, as a result of Mexico gaining its independence from Spain.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
Salvador Meléndez Bruna , the colonial governor in office, ordered the issue of provincial banknotes, creating the Puerto Rican peso.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
However, printing of these banknotes ceased after 1815.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
During the following decades, foreign coins became the widespread currency.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
In the 1860s and 1870s, banknotes reemerged.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
On February 1, 1890, the Banco Español de Puerto Rico was inaugurated and began issuing banknotes.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
The bank designed four series and placed three in circulation under Spanish rule.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
In 1895, a Royal Decree ordered the production of provincial peso coins.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
On August 13, 1898, the Spanish-American War ended with Spain ceding Puerto Rico to the United States.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
The Banco Español de Puerto Rico was renamed Bank of Porto Rico and issued bills equivalent to the United States dollar , creating the Puerto Rican dollar.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
In 1902, the First National Bank of Porto Rico issued banknotes in a parallel manner.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
Two more series were issued until 1913.
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
After Puerto Rico's economy and monetary system was fully integrated into the United States' economic and monetary system, the Puerto Rican dollars were redeemed for those issued by the United States Treasury .
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Q2472
what is puerto rico currency
Currencies of Puerto Rico
The peso and dollar have been followed by other contemporary issues, including commemorative banknotes, private currency, and a quarter coin designed with Fort San Felipe del Morro in the face.
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Q2475
where was pepsi invented
Pepsi
Pepsi (stylized in lowercase as pepsi, formerly stylized in uppercase as PEPSI) is a carbonated soft drink that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo .
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Q2475
where was pepsi invented
Pepsi
Created and developed in 1893 and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, then to Pepsi in 1961.
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Q2476
who is ezekiel in the bible
Book of Ezekiel
The Book of Ezekiel is the third of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible , following the books of Isaiah and Jeremiah and preceding the Book of the Twelve .
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Q2476
who is ezekiel in the bible
Book of Ezekiel
(The order is somewhat different in the Christian Old Testament ).
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Q2476
who is ezekiel in the bible
Book of Ezekiel
It derives its name from, and records the visions of, the 6th century BC priest and prophet Ezekiel .
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Q2476
who is ezekiel in the bible
Book of Ezekiel
According to the book, the prophet, exiled in Babylon, experienced a series of seven visions during the 22 years from 593 to 571 BC, a period which spans the final destruction of Jerusalem in 586.
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Q2476
who is ezekiel in the bible
Book of Ezekiel
The visions, and the book, are structured around three themes: (1) judgment on Israel (chapters 1-24); (2) judgment on the nations (chapters 25-32); and future blessings for Israel (chapters 33-48).
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
New Orleans ( or , locally or ; ) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana .
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census.
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
The New Orleans metropolitan area (New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States.
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area , a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,214,932.
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
The city is named after Orléans , a city located on the Loire River in Centre, France , and is well known for its distinct French Creole architecture , as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage.
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the birthplace of jazz ), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras .
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
The city is often referred to as the "most unique" in America.
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
New Orleans is located in southeastern Louisiana, straddling the Mississippi River .
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
The city and Orleans Parish () are .
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
The city and parish are bounded by the parishes of St. Tammany to the north, St. Bernard to the east, Plaquemines to the south and Jefferson to the south and west.
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Q2477
what is New Orleans LA first basketball team named
New Orleans
Lake Pontchartrain , part of which is included in the city limits, lies to the north and Lake Borgne lies to the east.
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Q2478
when was birth control banned in the united states
National Birth Control League
The National Birth Control League was a birth control organization in the United States .
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Q2478
when was birth control banned in the united states
National Birth Control League
It was founded in March 1915 by Mary Dennett , Clara Gruening Stillman and Jessie Ashley.
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Q2478
when was birth control banned in the united states
National Birth Control League
Its main purpose was to overturn the laws which banned contraceptives from the U.S. mails.
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Q2478
when was birth control banned in the united states
National Birth Control League
Campaigns were mounted in New York , but in 1919 the League was disbanded and reformed into the Voluntary Parenthood League .
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm , is a broad group of various diseases , all involving unregulated cell growth.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream .
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Not all tumors are cancerous.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Benign tumors do not grow uncontrollably, do not invade neighboring tissues, and do not spread throughout the body.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
There are over 200 different known cancers that afflict humans.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Determining what causes cancer is complex.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Many things are known to increase the risk of cancer, including tobacco use, certain infections , radiation , lack of physical activity , obesity , and environmental pollutants.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
These can directly damage genes or combine with existing genetic faults within cells to cause the disease.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Approximately five to ten percent of cancers are entirely hereditary.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Cancer can be detected in a number of ways, including the presence of certain signs and symptoms , screening tests , or medical imaging .
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Once a possible cancer is detected it is diagnosed by microscopic examination of a tissue sample .
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy , radiation therapy and surgery .
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
The chances of surviving the disease vary greatly by the type and location of the cancer and the extent of disease at the start of treatment.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
While cancer can affect people of all ages, and a few types of cancer are more common in children, the risk of developing cancer generally increases with age.
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
In 2007, cancer caused about 13% of all human deaths worldwide (7.9 million).
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Q2479
what is the word for lung cancer?
Cancer
Rates are rising as more people live to an old age and as mass lifestyle changes occur in the developing world.
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Q2481
where was skiing originated
Skiing
Spring ski touring on Hardangervidda , Norway
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Q2481
where was skiing originated
Skiing
Skiing is a recreational activity and competitive sport in which the participant attaches long runners or skis to boots or shoes on the feet and uses them to travel on top of snow .
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Q2481
where was skiing originated
Skiing
Aside from recreation and competition, skiing has been used for military purposes and even travelling in areas that experience heavy snowfall.
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Q2481
where was skiing originated
Skiing
Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee , and the International Ski Federation .
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, CB , FBA ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946) was a British economist whose ideas have fundamentally affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics , and informed the economic policies of governments.
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
He built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles , and is widely considered to be one of the founders of modern macroeconomics and the most influential economist of the 20th century.
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
His ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics , as well as its various offshoots.
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
In many ways, subsequent developments in 20th century economics can be viewed as either building on Keynes' ideas or reacting against them.
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
In the 1930s, Keynes spearheaded a revolution in economic thinking, overturning the older ideas of neoclassical economics that held that free markets would, in the short to medium term, automatically provide full employment, as long as workers were flexible in their wage demands.
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
Keynes instead argued that aggregate demand determined the overall level of economic activity, and that inadequate aggregate demand could lead to prolonged periods of high unemployment .
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
He advocated the use of fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions and depressions .
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Q2482
what was the main contribution of john maynard keynes made to economics
John Maynard Keynes
Following the outbreak of the Second World War , Keynes's ideas concerning economic policy were adopted by leading Western economies.
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