microsoft/wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 11 120	document_title stringlengths 2 81	answer stringlengths 2 1.08k	label class label 2 classes
Q475	what does low self esteem mean	Self-esteem	According to Branden, self-esteem is the sum of self-confidence (a feeling of personal capacity) and self-respect (a feeling of personal worth).	00
Q475	what does low self esteem mean	Self-esteem	It exists as a consequence of the implicit judgement that every person has of their ability to face life's challenges, to understand and solve problems, and their right to achieve happiness , and be given respect.	00
Q475	what does low self esteem mean	Self-esteem	As a social psychological construct, self-esteem is attractive because researchers have conceptualized it as an influential predictor of relevant outcomes, such as academic achievement (Marsh 1990) or exercise behavior (Hagger et al. 1998).	00
Q475	what does low self esteem mean	Self-esteem	In addition, self-esteem has also been treated as an important outcome due to its close relation with psychological well-being (Marsh 1989).	00
Q475	what does low self esteem mean	Self-esteem	Self-esteem can apply specifically to a particular dimension (for example, "I believe I am a good writer and I feel happy about that") or a global extent (for example, "I believe I am a bad person, and feel bad about myself in general").	00
Q475	what does low self esteem mean	Self-esteem	Psychologists usually regard self-esteem as an enduring personality characteristic ("trait" self-esteem), though normal, short-term variations ("state" self-esteem) also exist.	00
Q475	what does low self esteem mean	Self-esteem	Synonyms or near-synonyms of self-esteem include: self-worth, self-regard, self-respect, and self-integrity.	00
Q476	what does it take to start a lodge in freemason	Masonic Lodge	A Masonic Lodge, often termed a Private Lodge or Constituent Lodge, is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry .	00
Q476	what does it take to start a lodge in freemason	Masonic Lodge	Every new Lodge must be warranted or chartered by a Grand Lodge, but is subject to its direction only in enforcing the published Constitution of the jurisdiction.	11
Q476	what does it take to start a lodge in freemason	Masonic Lodge	By exception the three surviving lodges that formed the world's first known Grand Lodge in London (today called the United Grand Lodge of England ) have the unique privilege to operate as time immemorial i.e. without such warrant; only one other lodge operates without a warrant - this is the Grand Stewards' Lodge in London, although it is not also entitled to the "time immemorial" title.	00
Q476	what does it take to start a lodge in freemason	Masonic Lodge	A Freemason is generally entitled to visit any Lodge, in any jurisdiction (i.e. under any Grand Lodge) in amity with his own.	00
Q476	what does it take to start a lodge in freemason	Masonic Lodge	In some jurisdictions this privilege is restricted to Master Masons (that is, Freemasons who have attained the Order's third degree).	00
Q476	what does it take to start a lodge in freemason	Masonic Lodge	He is first usually required to check, and certify, the regularity of the relationship of the Lodge - and be able to satisfy that Lodge of his regularity of membership.	00
Q476	what does it take to start a lodge in freemason	Masonic Lodge	Freemasons gather together as a Lodge to work the three basic Degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason.	00
Q477	how long has Pilkington company existed	Pilkington	Pilkington Group Limited is a multinational glass manufacturing company headquartered in St Helens , United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Japan-based NSG Group .	00
Q477	how long has Pilkington company existed	Pilkington	Prior to its acquisition by NSG in 2006 it was an independent company listed on the London Stock Exchange and for a time was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index .	00
Q478	what does quotations do in search	Quotation	A quotation is the repetition of one expression as part of another one, particularly when the quoted expression is well-known or explicitly attributed by citation to its original source, and it is indicated by ( punctuated with) quotation marks .	00
Q478	what does quotations do in search	Quotation	A quotation can also refer to the repeated use of units of any other form of expression, especially parts of artistic works: elements of a painting , scenes from a movie or sections from a musical composition .	00
Q479	what happened in 1877 in us	1877	Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII ) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar .	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae , cultivated for its fruit , which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning .	11
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is approximately in diameter, dark red when fully mature, and, like all drupes , contains a single seed .	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	Peppercorns, and the ground pepper derived from them, may be described simply as pepper, or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit), green pepper (dried unripe fruit) and white pepper (dried ripe seeds).	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	Black pepper is native to south India , and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions.	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	Currently Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper, producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008.	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	Dried ground pepper has been used since antiquity for both its flavour and as a medicine .	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	Black pepper is the world's most traded spice .	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	It is one of the most common spices added to European cuisine and its descendants.	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine , not to be confused with the capsaicin that gives fleshy peppers theirs.	00
Q480	how does black pepper grow	Black pepper	It is in the modern world, often paired with salt .	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	Fire hydrant in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	A fire hydrant (also known colloquially as a fire plug in the United States or as a johnny pump in New York City ), is an active fire protection measure, and a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	Buildings near a hydrant may qualify for an insurance discount since firefighters should be able to more rapidly extinguish a fire on the insured property.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	The concept of fire plugs dates to at least the 17th century.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	This was a time when firefighters responding to a call would dig down to the wooden water mains and hastily bore a hole to secure water to fight fires.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	The water would fill the hole creating a temporary well, and be transported from the well to the fire by bucket brigades or, later, by hand-pumped fire engines .	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	The holes were then plugged with stoppers, normally redwood, which over time came to be known as fire plugs.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	The location of the plug would often be recorded or marked so that it could be reused in future fires.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	This is the source of the colloquial term fire plug still used for fire hydrants today.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	After the Great Fire of London in 1666, the city installed water mains with holes drilled at intervals, equipped with risers, allowing an access point to the wooden fire plugs from street level.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	The invention of a post- or pillar-type fire hydrant is generally credited to Frederick Graff Sr., Chief Engineer of the Philadelphia Water Works around the year 1801.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	It had a combination hose/faucet outlet and was of "wet barrel" design with the valve in the top.	00
Q481	how frequent do you inspect hydrants	Fire hydrant	It is said that Graff held the first patent for a fire hydrant, but this cannot be verified because the patent office in Washington D.C. caught on fire in 1836 destroying many patent records from that period in the process.	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africa's Constitution .	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President .	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	The President is elected by members of the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994.	11
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	The role was originally founded to be distinct from the now defunct role of prime minister , but the two roles were merged in the 1983 constitution which specified a four-year term of office.	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	The 1993 and later constitutions limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms.	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	The first President to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela , and the incumbent president is Jacob Zuma .	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	Under the interim Constitution (valid from 1994 to 1996), there was a Government of National Unity , in which an MP from the largest opposition party was entitled to a position as Deputy President .	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	Along with Thabo Mbeki, the last State President, F.W. De Klerk also served as Deputy President, in his capacity as the leader of the National Party which was the second-largest party in the new Parliament.	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	But De Klerk later resigned and went into opposition with his party.	00
Q482	how south african leaders are elected	President of South Africa	A voluntary coalition government continues to exist under the new constitution (adopted in 1996), although there have been no appointments of opposition politicians to the post of deputy president.	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	Special education or special needs education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs.	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to help learners with special needs achieve a higher level of personal self-sufficiency and success in school and community than would be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education.	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	Common special needs include challenges with learning , communication challenges, emotional and behavioral disorders , physical disabilities , and developmental disorders .	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	Students with these kinds of special needs are likely to benefit from additional educational services such as different approaches to teaching, use of technology, a specifically adapted teaching area, or resource room .	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	Intellectual giftedness is a difference in learning and can also benefit from specialized teaching techniques or different educational programs, but the term "special education" is generally used to specifically indicate instruction of students whose special needs reduce their ability to learn independently or in an ordinary classroom, and gifted education is handled separately.	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	In most developed countries, educators are modifying teaching methods and environments so that the maximum number of students are served in general education environments.	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	Special education in developed countries is often regarded less as a "place" and more as "a range of services, available in every school."	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	Integration can reduce social stigmas and improve academic achievement for many students.	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	The opposite of special education is general education.	00
Q483	how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe	Special education	General education is the standard curriculum presented with standard teaching methods and without additional supports.	00
Q484	what does the name "soros" mean?	George Soros	George Soros ( or ; ; ; born August 12, 1930, as Schwartz György) is a Hungarian-American business magnate , investor , and philanthropist .	00
Q484	what does the name "soros" mean?	George Soros	He is the chairman of Soros Fund Management .	00
Q484	what does the name "soros" mean?	George Soros	Soros supports progressive-liberal causes.	00
Q484	what does the name "soros" mean?	George Soros	He is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England " because of his in investment profits during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis .	00
Q484	what does the name "soros" mean?	George Soros	Between 1979 and 2011, Soros gave away over $8 billion to human rights, public health, and education causes.	00
Q484	what does the name "soros" mean?	George Soros	He played a significant role in the peaceful transition from communism to capitalism in Hungary (1984–89) and provided one of Europe's largest higher education endowments to Central European University in Budapest .	00
Q484	what does the name "soros" mean?	George Soros	Soros is also the chairman of the Open Society Institute .	00
Q485	how was the phone invented	Invention of the telephone	An actor portraying Alexander Graham Bell speaking into an early model telephone.	00
Q485	how was the phone invented	Invention of the telephone	The invention of the telephone is the culmination of work done by many individuals, the history of which involves a collection of claims and counterclaims.	11
Q485	how was the phone invented	Invention of the telephone	The development of the modern electrical telephone involved an array of lawsuits founded upon the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies.	00
Q485	how was the phone invented	Invention of the telephone	This article covers the early years from 1844 to 1898, from conception of the idea of an electric voice-transmission device, to failed attempts to use "make-and-break" current, to successful experiments with electromagnetic telephones by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson , and finally to commercially successful telephones in the late 19th century.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	A Master of Fine Arts (MFA, M.F.A.) is a graduate degree typically requiring 2–3 years of postgraduate study beyond the bachelor's degree ( BFA ), although the term of study will vary by country or by university.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	The MFA is a creative degree usually awarded as a terminal degree in visual arts , creative writing , filmmaking , dance , or theatre and other performing arts .	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	Coursework is primarily of an applied or performing nature with the program often culminating in a major work or performance .	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	Master of Fine Arts programs have generally required a bachelor's degree prior to admission, but many do not require that the undergraduate major be the same as the MFA field of study.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	The most important admissions requirement has often been a sample portfolio or a performance audition .	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	The Master of Fine Arts differs from the Master of Arts in that the MFA, while an academic program, centers around practice in the particular field, whereas programs leading to the MA usually center on the scholarly, academic, or critical study of the field.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	Additionally, in the United States, an MFA is recognized as a terminal degree for practitioners of Visual Art, Design, Dance, Theatre, Film/Video, New Media, and Creative Writing - meaning that it is considered to be the highest degree in its field, and is used as a minimum qualification to be able to apply to become a Full-Time Professor teaching at the University level in these disciplines.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	There are exceptions to this standard in the Arts, notably in the case of music performance, where the MFA is not seen as a terminal degree in the context of the more standardized DMA degree.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	It is also critical to note that in the interest of extending the connection between creative production and continued academic research , some universities have established practice-based Ph.D programs in fields such as creative writing , visual arts , new media , design and theater .	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	While this has had an effect in Creative Writing, and to a lesser extent in design and new media, the influx of graduates from practice-based PhD programs has not appreciably changed the standard for the MFA as the terminal degree in most Arts disciplines yet.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	This is an ongoing contentious topic, and is the frequent subject of academic panels, especially at the annual College Art Association conference.	00
Q487	what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree	Master of Fine Arts	The CAA 2008 guidelines regarding the MFA strongly re-affirms that the PhD is not required as a terminal degree in the visual arts.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	The atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in 1945.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	The two events are the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	Following a firebombing campaign that destroyed many Japanese cities, the Allies prepared for a costly invasion of Japan .	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	The war in Europe ended when Nazi Germany signed its instrument of surrender on 8 May, but the Pacific War continued.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	Together with the United Kingdom and the Republic of China , the United States called for a surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945, threatening Japan with "prompt and utter destruction".	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum, and the United States deployed two nuclear weapons developed by the Manhattan Project .	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	American airmen dropped Little Boy on the city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, followed by Fat Man over Nagasaki on 9 August.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day.	11
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	The Hiroshima prefecture health department estimated that, of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	During the following months, large numbers died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness , and other injuries, compounded by illness.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	In a US estimate of the total immediate and short term cause of death, 15–20% died from radiation sickness, 20–30% from burns, and 50–60% from other injuries, compounded by illness.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizeable garrison.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	On 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki, Japan announced its surrender to the Allies, signing the Instrument of Surrender on 2 September, officially ending World War II.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	The bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan 's adopting Three Non-Nuclear Principles , forbidding the nation from nuclear armament.	00
Q488	how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki	The role of the bombings in Japan's surrender and their ethical justification are still debated .	00

Q475

what does low self esteem mean

Self-esteem

According to Branden, self-esteem is the sum of self-confidence (a feeling of personal capacity) and self-respect (a feeling of personal worth).

00

Q475

what does low self esteem mean

Self-esteem

It exists as a consequence of the implicit judgement that every person has of their ability to face life's challenges, to understand and solve problems, and their right to achieve happiness , and be given respect.

00

Q475

what does low self esteem mean

Self-esteem

As a social psychological construct, self-esteem is attractive because researchers have conceptualized it as an influential predictor of relevant outcomes, such as academic achievement (Marsh 1990) or exercise behavior (Hagger et al. 1998).

00

Q475

what does low self esteem mean

Self-esteem

In addition, self-esteem has also been treated as an important outcome due to its close relation with psychological well-being (Marsh 1989).

00

Q475

what does low self esteem mean

Self-esteem

Self-esteem can apply specifically to a particular dimension (for example, "I believe I am a good writer and I feel happy about that") or a global extent (for example, "I believe I am a bad person, and feel bad about myself in general").

00

Q475

what does low self esteem mean

Self-esteem

Psychologists usually regard self-esteem as an enduring personality characteristic ("trait" self-esteem), though normal, short-term variations ("state" self-esteem) also exist.

00

Q475

what does low self esteem mean

Self-esteem

Synonyms or near-synonyms of self-esteem include: self-worth, self-regard, self-respect, and self-integrity.

00

Q476

what does it take to start a lodge in freemason

Masonic Lodge

A Masonic Lodge, often termed a Private Lodge or Constituent Lodge, is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry .

00

Q476

what does it take to start a lodge in freemason

Masonic Lodge

Every new Lodge must be warranted or chartered by a Grand Lodge, but is subject to its direction only in enforcing the published Constitution of the jurisdiction.

11

Q476

what does it take to start a lodge in freemason

Masonic Lodge

By exception the three surviving lodges that formed the world's first known Grand Lodge in London (today called the United Grand Lodge of England ) have the unique privilege to operate as time immemorial i.e. without such warrant; only one other lodge operates without a warrant - this is the Grand Stewards' Lodge in London, although it is not also entitled to the "time immemorial" title.

00

Q476

what does it take to start a lodge in freemason

Masonic Lodge

A Freemason is generally entitled to visit any Lodge, in any jurisdiction (i.e. under any Grand Lodge) in amity with his own.

00

Q476

what does it take to start a lodge in freemason

Masonic Lodge

In some jurisdictions this privilege is restricted to Master Masons (that is, Freemasons who have attained the Order's third degree).

00

Q476

what does it take to start a lodge in freemason

Masonic Lodge

He is first usually required to check, and certify, the regularity of the relationship of the Lodge - and be able to satisfy that Lodge of his regularity of membership.

00

Q476

what does it take to start a lodge in freemason

Masonic Lodge

Freemasons gather together as a Lodge to work the three basic Degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason.

00

Q477

how long has Pilkington company existed

Pilkington

Pilkington Group Limited is a multinational glass manufacturing company headquartered in St Helens , United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Japan-based NSG Group .

00

Q477

how long has Pilkington company existed

Pilkington

Prior to its acquisition by NSG in 2006 it was an independent company listed on the London Stock Exchange and for a time was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index .

00

Q478

what does quotations do in search

Quotation

A quotation is the repetition of one expression as part of another one, particularly when the quoted expression is well-known or explicitly attributed by citation to its original source, and it is indicated by ( punctuated with) quotation marks .

00

Q478

what does quotations do in search

Quotation

A quotation can also refer to the repeated use of units of any other form of expression, especially parts of artistic works: elements of a painting , scenes from a movie or sections from a musical composition .

00

Q479

what happened in 1877 in us

1877

Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII ) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar .

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae , cultivated for its fruit , which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning .

11

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is approximately in diameter, dark red when fully mature, and, like all drupes , contains a single seed .

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

Peppercorns, and the ground pepper derived from them, may be described simply as pepper, or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit), green pepper (dried unripe fruit) and white pepper (dried ripe seeds).

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

Black pepper is native to south India , and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions.

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

Currently Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper, producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008.

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

Dried ground pepper has been used since antiquity for both its flavour and as a medicine .

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

Black pepper is the world's most traded spice .

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

It is one of the most common spices added to European cuisine and its descendants.

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine , not to be confused with the capsaicin that gives fleshy peppers theirs.

00

Q480

how does black pepper grow

Black pepper

It is in the modern world, often paired with salt .

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

Fire hydrant in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

A fire hydrant (also known colloquially as a fire plug in the United States or as a johnny pump in New York City ), is an active fire protection measure, and a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

Buildings near a hydrant may qualify for an insurance discount since firefighters should be able to more rapidly extinguish a fire on the insured property.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

The concept of fire plugs dates to at least the 17th century.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

This was a time when firefighters responding to a call would dig down to the wooden water mains and hastily bore a hole to secure water to fight fires.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

The water would fill the hole creating a temporary well, and be transported from the well to the fire by bucket brigades or, later, by hand-pumped fire engines .

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

The holes were then plugged with stoppers, normally redwood, which over time came to be known as fire plugs.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

The location of the plug would often be recorded or marked so that it could be reused in future fires.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

This is the source of the colloquial term fire plug still used for fire hydrants today.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

After the Great Fire of London in 1666, the city installed water mains with holes drilled at intervals, equipped with risers, allowing an access point to the wooden fire plugs from street level.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

The invention of a post- or pillar-type fire hydrant is generally credited to Frederick Graff Sr., Chief Engineer of the Philadelphia Water Works around the year 1801.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

It had a combination hose/faucet outlet and was of "wet barrel" design with the valve in the top.

00

Q481

how frequent do you inspect hydrants

Fire hydrant

It is said that Graff held the first patent for a fire hydrant, but this cannot be verified because the patent office in Washington D.C. caught on fire in 1836 destroying many patent records from that period in the process.

00

Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africa's Constitution .

00

Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President .

00

Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

The President is elected by members of the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994.

11

Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

The role was originally founded to be distinct from the now defunct role of prime minister , but the two roles were merged in the 1983 constitution which specified a four-year term of office.

00

Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

The 1993 and later constitutions limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms.

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Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

The first President to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela , and the incumbent president is Jacob Zuma .

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Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

Under the interim Constitution (valid from 1994 to 1996), there was a Government of National Unity , in which an MP from the largest opposition party was entitled to a position as Deputy President .

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Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

Along with Thabo Mbeki, the last State President, F.W. De Klerk also served as Deputy President, in his capacity as the leader of the National Party which was the second-largest party in the new Parliament.

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Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

But De Klerk later resigned and went into opposition with his party.

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Q482

how south african leaders are elected

President of South Africa

A voluntary coalition government continues to exist under the new constitution (adopted in 1996), although there have been no appointments of opposition politicians to the post of deputy president.

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

Special education or special needs education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs.

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to help learners with special needs achieve a higher level of personal self-sufficiency and success in school and community than would be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education.

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

Common special needs include challenges with learning , communication challenges, emotional and behavioral disorders , physical disabilities , and developmental disorders .

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

Students with these kinds of special needs are likely to benefit from additional educational services such as different approaches to teaching, use of technology, a specifically adapted teaching area, or resource room .

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

Intellectual giftedness is a difference in learning and can also benefit from specialized teaching techniques or different educational programs, but the term "special education" is generally used to specifically indicate instruction of students whose special needs reduce their ability to learn independently or in an ordinary classroom, and gifted education is handled separately.

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

In most developed countries, educators are modifying teaching methods and environments so that the maximum number of students are served in general education environments.

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

Special education in developed countries is often regarded less as a "place" and more as "a range of services, available in every school."

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

Integration can reduce social stigmas and improve academic achievement for many students.

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how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

The opposite of special education is general education.

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Q483

how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe

Special education

General education is the standard curriculum presented with standard teaching methods and without additional supports.

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Q484

what does the name "soros" mean?

George Soros

George Soros ( or ; ; ; born August 12, 1930, as Schwartz György) is a Hungarian-American business magnate , investor , and philanthropist .

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Q484

what does the name "soros" mean?

George Soros

He is the chairman of Soros Fund Management .

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what does the name "soros" mean?

George Soros

Soros supports progressive-liberal causes.

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what does the name "soros" mean?

George Soros

He is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England " because of his in investment profits during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis .

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what does the name "soros" mean?

George Soros

Between 1979 and 2011, Soros gave away over $8 billion to human rights, public health, and education causes.

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what does the name "soros" mean?

George Soros

He played a significant role in the peaceful transition from communism to capitalism in Hungary (1984–89) and provided one of Europe's largest higher education endowments to Central European University in Budapest .

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what does the name "soros" mean?

George Soros

Soros is also the chairman of the Open Society Institute .

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Q485

how was the phone invented

Invention of the telephone

An actor portraying Alexander Graham Bell speaking into an early model telephone.

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Q485

how was the phone invented

Invention of the telephone

The invention of the telephone is the culmination of work done by many individuals, the history of which involves a collection of claims and counterclaims.

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Q485

how was the phone invented

Invention of the telephone

The development of the modern electrical telephone involved an array of lawsuits founded upon the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies.

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Q485

how was the phone invented

Invention of the telephone

This article covers the early years from 1844 to 1898, from conception of the idea of an electric voice-transmission device, to failed attempts to use "make-and-break" current, to successful experiments with electromagnetic telephones by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson , and finally to commercially successful telephones in the late 19th century.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

A Master of Fine Arts (MFA, M.F.A.) is a graduate degree typically requiring 2–3 years of postgraduate study beyond the bachelor's degree ( BFA ), although the term of study will vary by country or by university.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

The MFA is a creative degree usually awarded as a terminal degree in visual arts , creative writing , filmmaking , dance , or theatre and other performing arts .

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

Coursework is primarily of an applied or performing nature with the program often culminating in a major work or performance .

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

Master of Fine Arts programs have generally required a bachelor's degree prior to admission, but many do not require that the undergraduate major be the same as the MFA field of study.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

The most important admissions requirement has often been a sample portfolio or a performance audition .

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

The Master of Fine Arts differs from the Master of Arts in that the MFA, while an academic program, centers around practice in the particular field, whereas programs leading to the MA usually center on the scholarly, academic, or critical study of the field.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

Additionally, in the United States, an MFA is recognized as a terminal degree for practitioners of Visual Art, Design, Dance, Theatre, Film/Video, New Media, and Creative Writing - meaning that it is considered to be the highest degree in its field, and is used as a minimum qualification to be able to apply to become a Full-Time Professor teaching at the University level in these disciplines.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

There are exceptions to this standard in the Arts, notably in the case of music performance, where the MFA is not seen as a terminal degree in the context of the more standardized DMA degree.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

It is also critical to note that in the interest of extending the connection between creative production and continued academic research , some universities have established practice-based Ph.D programs in fields such as creative writing , visual arts , new media , design and theater .

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

While this has had an effect in Creative Writing, and to a lesser extent in design and new media, the influx of graduates from practice-based PhD programs has not appreciably changed the standard for the MFA as the terminal degree in most Arts disciplines yet.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

This is an ongoing contentious topic, and is the frequent subject of academic panels, especially at the annual College Art Association conference.

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Q487

what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree

Master of Fine Arts

The CAA 2008 guidelines regarding the MFA strongly re-affirms that the PhD is not required as a terminal degree in the visual arts.

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Q488

how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki