question_id
stringlengths
2
5
question
stringlengths
11
120
document_title
stringlengths
2
81
answer
stringlengths
2
1.08k
label
class label
2 classes
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India .
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Employing non-violent civil disobedience , Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu Bania community in coastal Gujarat , and trained in law in London.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Returning to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants to protest excessive land-taxes.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
A lifelong opponent of " communalism " (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate .
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability , increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj —the independence of India from British domination.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi led Indians in protesting the national salt tax with the Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in demanding the British to immediately Quit India in 1942, during World War II .
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
He was imprisoned for that and for numerous other political offenses over the years.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi sought to practice non-violence and truth in all situations, and advocated that others do the same.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
He saw the villages as the core of the true India and promoted self-sufficiency; he did not support the industrialization programs of his disciple Jawaharlal Nehru .
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha .
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
His chief political enemy in Britain was Winston Churchill , who ridiculed him as a "half-naked fakir ."
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
He was a dedicated vegetarian, and undertook long fasts as means of both self-purification and political mobilization.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
In his last year, unhappy at the partition of India , Gandhi worked to stop the carnage between Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs that raged in the border area between India and Pakistan.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse who thought Gandhi was too sympathetic to India's Muslims.
11
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
30 January is observed as Martyrs' Day in India.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
The honorific Mahatma ("Great Soul") was applied to him by 1914.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
In India he was also called Bapu ("Father").
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
He is known in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and world-wide as the International Day of Non-Violence .
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi's philosophy was not theoretical but one of pragmatism, that is, practicing his principles in the moment.
00
Q492
how did mohammed gandhi die
Mahatma Gandhi
Asked to give a message to the people, he would respond, "My life is my message."
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Joan Crawford (March 23, ca. 1904 – May 10, 1977), born Lucille Fay LeSueur, was an American actress in film, television and theatre.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Starting as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies before debuting on Broadway , Crawford was signed to a motion picture contract by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Initially frustrated by the size and quality of her parts, Crawford began a campaign of self-publicity and became nationally known as a flapper by the end of the 1920s.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
In the 1930s, Crawford's fame rivaled, and later outlasted, MGM colleagues Norma Shearer and Greta Garbo .
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Crawford often played hardworking young women who find romance and financial success.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
These "rags-to-riches" stories were well received by Depression -era audiences and were popular with women.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Crawford became one of Hollywood's most prominent movie stars and one of the highest paid women in the United States, but her films began losing money and by the end of the 1930s she was labeled "box office poison".
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
After an absence of nearly two years from the screen, Crawford staged a comeback by starring in Mildred Pierce (1945), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress .
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
In 1955, she became involved with the Pepsi-Cola Company through her marriage to company Chairman Alfred Steele .
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
After his death in 1959, Crawford was elected to fill his vacancy on the board of directors but was forcibly retired in 1973.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
She continued acting in film and television regularly through the 1960s, when her performances became fewer; after the release of the British horror film Trog in 1970, Crawford retired from the screen.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Following a public appearance in 1974, after which unflattering photographs were published, Crawford withdrew from public life and became increasingly reclusive until her death in 1977.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Crawford married four times.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Her first three marriages ended in divorce; the last ended with the death of husband Alfred Steele.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
She adopted five children, one of whom was reclaimed by his birth mother.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Crawford's relationships with her two older children, Christina and Christopher, were acrimonious.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
Crawford disinherited the two and, after Crawford's death, Christina wrote a "tell-all" memoir, Mommie Dearest , in which she alleged a lifelong pattern of physical and emotional abuse perpetrated by Crawford.
00
Q493
how did Joan Crawford die?
Joan Crawford
She was voted the tenth greatest female star in the history of American cinema by the American Film Institute .
00
Q494
what does tonneau mean on a watch?
Tonneau
1910 Buick Tonneau without tonneau cover
00
Q494
what does tonneau mean on a watch?
Tonneau
1903 Ford Model A rear-door Tonneau
00
Q494
what does tonneau mean on a watch?
Tonneau
1903 Lanchester rear-door Tonneau
00
Q494
what does tonneau mean on a watch?
Tonneau
Tonneau cover ( or ) describes a hard or soft cover used to protect unoccupied passenger seats in a convertible or roadster , or the cargo bed in a pickup truck .
00
Q494
what does tonneau mean on a watch?
Tonneau
Hard tonneau covers open by a hinging or folding mechanism while soft covers open by rolling up.
00
Q494
what does tonneau mean on a watch?
Tonneau
The tonneau cover is used to conceal cargo.
00
Q494
what does tonneau mean on a watch?
Tonneau
When the cover is pulled out, it keeps items out of the sun and provides extra security by keeping personal items out of sight, as well as shielding the driver from view.
00
Q495
how many users do twitter have
Twitter
Twitter is an online social networking service and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters , known as "tweets".
00
Q495
how many users do twitter have
Twitter
Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey and by July, the social networking site was launched.
00
Q495
how many users do twitter have
Twitter
The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, with over 500 million registered users as of 2012, generating over 340 million tweets daily and handling over 1.6 billion search queries per day.
11
Q495
how many users do twitter have
Twitter
Since its launch, Twitter has become one of the ten most visited websites on the Internet, and has been described as "the SMS of the Internet ."
00
Q495
how many users do twitter have
Twitter
Unregistered users can read tweets, while registered users can post tweets through the website interface, SMS, or a range of apps for mobile devices.
00
Q495
how many users do twitter have
Twitter
Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco , with additional servers and offices in New York City , Boston , and San Antonio .
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy film , co-produced and directed by Todd Phillips and written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore .
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
It is the first film of The Hangover franchise .The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Heather Graham , Justin Bartha , and Jeffrey Tambor .
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
The Hangover tells the story of Phil Wenneck, Stu Price and Alan Garner, who travel to Las Vegas for a bachelor party to celebrate their friend Doug Billings' impending marriage.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
However, Phil, Stu and Alan have no memory of the previous night's events and must find Doug before the wedding can take place.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
Lucas and Moore wrote the script after executive producer Chris Bender's friend disappeared and had a large bill after being sent to a strip club.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
After Lucas and Moore sold it to the studio for $2 million, Philips and Jeremy Garelick rewrote the script to include a tiger as well as a subplot involving a baby and a police cruiser, and also including boxer Mike Tyson .
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
Filming took place in Nevada for 15 days, and during filming, the three main actors (Cooper, Helms and Galifianakis) formed a friendship.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
The Hangover was released on June 5, 2009, becoming a critical and commercial success.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
It became the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2009, with a worldwide gross of over US$467 million.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
Critics praised the film's comedic approach but criticized it for its vulgarity.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy , and received multiple other accolades.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
It is the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2009 in the world, as well as the second highest-grossing R-rated comedy ever in the United States, surpassing a record previously held by Beverly Hills Cop for almost 25 years and later being surpassed by Ted in 2012.
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
Out of all R-rated films, it is the third highest-grossing ever in the U.S., behind only The Passion of the Christ and The Matrix Reloaded .
00
Q496
what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover
The Hangover
A sequel, The Hangover Part II , was released in 2011, and a third and final film, The Hangover Part III , is set for release in 2013.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Events involving meiosis, showing chromosomal crossover
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Meiosis () is a special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes .
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
The cells produced by meiosis are gametes or spores .
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
In many organisms, including all animals and land plants (but not some other groups such as fungi ), gametes are called sperm and egg cells .
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Whilst the process of meiosis bears a number of similarities with the 'life-cycle' cell division process of mitosis , it differs in two important respects:
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
the chromosomes in meiosis undergo a recombination which shuffles the genes producing a different genetic combination in each gamete, compared with the co-existence of each of the two separate pairs of each chromosome (one received from each parent) in each cell which results from mitosis.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
the outcome of meiosis is potentially four (genetically unique) haploid cells, compared with the two (genetically identical) diploid cells produced from mitosis.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Meiosis begins with one diploid cell containing two copies of each chromosome —one from the organism's mother and one from its father.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
The cell divides twice, potentially producing up to four haploid cells containing one copy of each chromosome.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
("Potentially" because in some cases, such as the formation of oocytes in mammals, only one of the possible four haploid cells survives.)
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
In animals the haploid cell resulting from meiosis is a male or female gamete .
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Each of the resulting chromosomes in the gamete cells is a unique mixture of maternal and paternal DNA, resulting in offspring that are genetically distinct from either parent.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
This gives rise to genetic diversity in sexually reproducing populations.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
This genetic diversity can provide the variation of physical and behavioural attributes ( phenotypes ) upon which natural selection can act, but, as described below in Section 6, Origin and function of meiosis, the genetic diversity may be largely a by-product of the homologous recombination that is primarily employed for its DNA repair function during meiosis.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
It is also noteworthy that during meiosis, specific genes are more highly transcribed, and these are called the meiome, the term used in functional genomics for the meiotic transcriptome .
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Meiosis is a key feature for all sexually reproducing eukaryotes in which homologous chromosome pairing, synapse and recombination occur.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
In addition to strong meiotic stage-specific expression of mRNA (the meiome), however, there are also pervasive translational controls (e.g. selective usage of preformed mRNA), regulating the ultimate meiotic stage-specific protein expression of genes during meiosis.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Thus, both the meiome and translational controls determine the broad restructuring of meiotic cells needed to carry out meiosis.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Prior to the meiosis process the cell's chromosomes are duplicated by a round of DNA replication , creating from the maternal and paternal versions of each chromosome ( homologs ) two exact copies, sister chromatids , attached at the centromere region.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
In the beginning of meiosis the maternal and paternal homologs pair to each other.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Then they typically exchange parts by homologous recombination leading to crossovers of DNA between the maternal and paternal versions of the chromosome.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Spindle fibers bind to the centromeres of each pair of homologs and arrange the pairs at the spindle equator.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Then the fibers pull the recombined homologs to opposite poles of the cell.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
As the chromosomes move away from the center the cell divides into two daughter cells, each containing a haploid number of chromosomes composed of two chromatids.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
After the recombined maternal and paternal homologs have separated into the two daughter cells, a second round of cell division occurs.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
There meiosis ends as the two sister chromatids making up each homolog are separated and move into one of the four resulting gamete cells.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Upon fertilization , for example when a sperm enters an egg cell, two gamete cells produced by meiosis fuse.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
The gamete from the mother and the gamete from the father each contribute one half of the set of chromosomes that make up the new offspring's genome .
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
Meiosis uses many of the same mechanisms as mitosis , a type of cell division used by eukaryotes like plants and animals to split one cell into two identical daughter cells.
00
Q497
how many cells are produced during the cell cycle
Meiosis
In all plants and in many protists meiosis results in the formation of spores : haploid cells that can divide vegetatively without undergoing fertilization.
00
Q499
how many rounds in boxing
Boxing
Boxing (pugilism, prize fighting, the sweet science or in Greek pygmachia ) is a martial art and combat sport in which two people engage in a contest of strength, speed, reflexes, endurance and will by throwing punches with gloved hands .
00
Q499
how many rounds in boxing
Boxing
Amateur boxing is an Olympic and Commonwealth sport and is a common fixture in most of the major international games - it also has its own World Championships.
00