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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Following the product launch , the General Mills marketing department found that sales performed dramatically better if the composition of the marbits changed periodically . Various features of the marbits were modified to maximize their appeal to young consumers . Over the years , over 40 limited edition features such as Winter Lucky Charms , Olympic - themed Lucky Charms , and Lucky Charms featuring marshmallow landmarks from around the world , were created to drive consumer demands . In focus groups and market research , more brightly colored charms resulted in better sales than did dull or pastel colors . Currently , General Mills conducts `` concept - ideation '' studies on Lucky Charms . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Hagia Sophia ( / ˈhɑːɡiə soʊˈfiːə / ; from the Greek Αγία Σοφία , pronounced ( aˈʝia soˈfia ) , `` Holy Wisdom '' ; Latin : Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia ; Turkish : Ayasofya ) is a former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal basilica ( church ) , later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum ( Ayasofya Müzesi ) in Istanbul , Turkey . From the date of its construction in 537 AD until 1453 , it served as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral and the seat of the Patriarch of Constantinople , except between 1204 and 1261 , when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Empire . The building was later converted into an Ottoman mosque from 29 May 1453 until 1931 . It was then secularized and opened as a museum on 1 February 1935 . Famous in particular for its massive dome , it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have `` changed the history of architecture '' . It remained the world 's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years , until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520 . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> As of 2016 , the periodic table has 118 confirmed elements , from element 1 ( hydrogen ) to 118 ( oganesson ) . Elements 113 , 115 , 117 and 118 , the most recent discoveries , were officially confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) in December 2015 . Their proposed names , nihonium ( Nh ) , moscovium ( Mc ) , tennessine ( Ts ) and oganesson ( Og ) respectively , were announced by the IUPAC in June 2016 and made official in November 2016 . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Colin Luther Powell ( / ˈkoʊlɪn / ; born April 5 , 1937 ) is an American statesman and a retired four - star general in the United States Army . Powell was born in Harlem as the son of Jamaican immigrants . During his military career , Powell also served as National Security Advisor ( 1987 -- 1989 ) , as Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command ( 1989 ) and as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( 1989 -- 1993 ) , holding the latter position during the Persian Gulf War . Powell was the first , and so far the only , African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff . He was the 65th United States Secretary of State , serving under U.S. President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005 , the first African American to serve in that position . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km ) , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016 . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , and sports . The city 's fast pace defines the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate , positioned in an arc shape as seen from above . Offshore volcanoes form islands , resulting in a volcanic island arc . Generally , volcanic arcs result from the subduction of an oceanic tectonic plate under another tectonic plate , and often parallel an oceanic trench . The oceanic plate is saturated with water , and volatiles such as water drastically lower the melting point of the mantle . As the oceanic plate is subducted , it is subjected to greater and greater pressures with increasing depth . This pressure squeezes water out of the plate and introduces it to the mantle . Here the mantle melts and forms magma at depth under the overriding plate . The magma ascends to form an arc of volcanoes parallel to the subduction zone . </P> | {
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",",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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"Nestlings",
"emit",
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"(",
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"overhead",
")",
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"10",
",",
"sit",
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"day",
"15",
",",
"become",
"aggressive",
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"intruders",
"by",
"day",
"16",
",",
"strike",
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"wings",
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"21",
",",
"begin",
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"30",
".",
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"42",
"to",
"46",
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",",
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"themselves",
".",
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"amount",
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"food",
"brought",
"to",
"the",
"nest",
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"varies",
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",",
"based",
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"brood",
"size",
"and",
"prey",
"availability",
".",
"In",
"Alberta",
",",
"an",
"average",
"of",
"410",
"to",
"730",
"g",
"(",
"14",
"to",
"26",
"oz",
")",
"is",
"brought",
"each",
"day",
"for",
"1",
"to",
"3",
"nestlings",
"while",
"in",
"Washington",
",",
"it",
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"estimated",
"a",
"minimum",
"of",
"520",
"g",
"(",
"1.15",
"lb",
")",
"per",
"day",
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"1",
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"nestling",
"and",
"in",
"Wisconsin",
",",
"an",
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"219",
"g",
"(",
"7.7",
"oz",
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"was",
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"313",
"g",
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"11.0",
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")",
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"2",
".",
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"is",
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"red",
"-",
"tails",
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",",
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"3.5",
"oz",
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",",
"including",
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".",
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",",
"red",
"-",
"tailed",
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",",
"some",
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",",
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",",
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".",
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",",
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",",
"discarded",
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",",
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".",
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",",
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"ground",
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"California",
",",
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"-",
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"insects",
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} | 7cd0cd981b8c4e5985528c09ca4fbfcb | when do red tail hawks leave the nest | {
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} | {
"text": [
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} | [
"42 to 46 days"
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word ( σπέρμα ) sperma ( meaning `` seed '' ) . In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and its subtype oogamy , there is a marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the `` male '' or sperm cell . A uniflagellar sperm cell that is motile is referred to as a spermatozoon , whereas a non-motile sperm cell is referred to as a spermatium . Sperm cells can not divide and have a limited life span , but after fusion with egg cells during fertilization , a new organism begins developing , starting as a totipotent zygote . The human sperm cell is haploid , so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell . In mammals , sperm develops in the testicles , is stored in the epididymis , and released from the penis . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Brandon Walker is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives . He was played by Matt Cedeño from 1999 to 2003 and again in 2004 and 2005 . He is Nicole and Taylor Walker 's half - brother . His mother Fay Walker had an affair with Commander Abe Carver while she was married to Paul Mendez . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Robin is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was originally created by Bob Kane , Bill Finger , and Jerry Robinson , to serve as a junior counterpart to the superhero Batman . The character 's first incarnation , Dick Grayson , debuted in Detective Comics # 38 ( April 1940 ) . Conceived as a way to attract young readership , Robin garnered overwhelmingly positive critical reception , doubling the sales of the Batman titles . The early adventures of Robin included Star Spangled Comics # 65 -- 130 ( 1947 -- 1952 ) , which was the character 's first solo feature . Robin made regular appearances in Batman related comic books and other DC Comics publications from 1940 through the early 1980s until the character set aside the Robin identity and became the independent superhero Nightwing . The team of Batman and Robin has commonly been referred to as the Caped Crusaders or Dynamic Duo . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> National emergency can be declared on the basis of external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory . Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 ( China war ) , 1971 ( Pakistan war ) , and 1975 ( declared by Indira Gandhi ) . The President can declare such an emergency only on the basis of a written request by the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister . Such a proclamation must be laid before both houses of Parliament , and the state of emergency expires after one month unless approved within that time by both houses sitting and voting separately . However , if the Lok Sabha ( the lower house ) has been dissolved or dissolution takes place in the state of emergency , and the Rajya Sabha approves of the state of emergency , the deadline for the Lok Sabha is extended until thirty days after that house reconstituted . According to Article 352 ( 6 ) , approval by each house requires a special majority : those in favour of the motion must be two thirds of those present and voting , and amount to a majority of the entire membership of that house . A Parliamentary resolution extends the state of emergency for up to six months , and it can be extended indefinitely by further resolutions in six - monthly increments . </P> | {
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