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Wellbores are formed in subterranean formations for various purposes including, for example, extraction of oil and gas from the subterranean formations and extraction of geothermal heat from the subterranean formations. Wellbores can exhibit extremely aggressive environments. For example, wellbores can exhibit abrasive surfaces, can be filled with corrosive chemicals (e.g., caustic drilling muds, well fluids, such as salt water, crude oil, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, etc.), and can exhibit increasing high temperatures and pressures at progressively deeper “downhole” locations.
The extremely aggressive environments of wellbores can rapidly degrade the materials of components of tools, and other assemblies used in various downhole applications (e.g., drilling applications, conditioning applications, logging applications, measurement applications, monitoring applications, exploring applications, etc.). Such degradation limits operational efficiency of these components, tools and assemblies, and results in undesirable repair and replacement costs. Accordingly, there is a continuing need for downhole tools and assemblies having components exhibiting material characteristics capable of withstanding such extremely aggressive environments, as well as for methods of forming such downhole components, tools, and assemblies.
One approach toward forming downhole components, tools, and assemblies capable of withstanding such extremely aggressive environments of wellbores includes boronizing the downhole components, tools, and assemblies. Boronizing, also known as “boriding,” is a thermal diffusion process in which boron atoms diffuse into surfaces of a metal to form metal borides exhibiting relatively enhanced properties (e.g., thermal resistance, hardness, toughness, chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, reduction in friction coefficient, mechanical strength, etc.) as compared to the metal. Unfortunately, however, conventional methods of boriding components for downhole tools and assemblies can be cost-prohibitive and expose the downhole components to undesirably high temperatures. For example, conventional methods of boriding components for downhole tools and assemblies can be time consuming (e.g., powder pack boriding, gas boriding, and fluidized bed boriding processes requiring from about 8 hours to about 10 hours of processing time; plasma boriding processes requiring from about 15 hours to about 25 hours of processing time; molten salt boriding processes requiring from about 6 hours to about 8 hours of processing time; etc.), and can include exposing the downhole components to elevated temperatures that may alter a shape of a borided component or cause dimensions of the component to fall outside of engineering tolerances (e.g., such as by warping the component). Such high temperatures may also cause undesirable degradation of certain materials, which may be present in or on the component, tool, or assembly being borided.
It would, therefore, be desirable to have new methods, systems, and apparatuses for boriding components for downhole tools and assemblies that are simple, fast, cost-effective, and meet engineering tolerances as compared to conventional methods, systems, and apparatuses for boriding downhole components, tools, and assemblies. Such methods, systems, and apparatuses may facilitate increased adoption and use of borided components, tools, and assemblies in downhole applications. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Dawson "is heard notifying dispatch that the dog is on a chain and that he is going to take the dog down," according to the lawsuit obtained by the Daily News. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
ABSTRACT Brain vascular malformations and blood-brain barrier defects represent important substrates for developing stroke, epilepsy and other neuropathological diseases. The most common type of brain malformation closely associated with stroke are the cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), which affect approximately 0.5% of population. Recognized as familial or sporadic, CCMs are characterized as a single or multi-cluster of enlarged capillary-like channels with a single layer of endothelium and without intervening brain parenchyma. There are specific alterations in the brain endothelial barrier components that ultimately lead to vascular hyperpermeability, extravasation of red cells and an inflammatory response in brain parenchyma. Although significant progress has been made in defining the genes mutations involved in the inherited CCM3 form, the intra- and intercellular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for vascular hyperpermeability are still largely unknown. The proposed study is designed to elucidate critical molecular events in the maintaining the integrity and impairment of the brain endothelial barrier in CCM3. It will highlight the link between signaling molecules CCM3 and connexin 43 isoform (Cx43CT-20kDa), one of the protein identify by our screening analysis to be highly expressed in condition of loss of CCM3 function in brain endothelial cells. Specifically, it will be evaluated a) the functional and morphological consequence of Cx43CT-20kDa on brain endothelial barrier stability with loss of CCM3 and b) signaling pathways triggered by CCM3 absence involved in regulating synthesis of Cx43CT-20kDa. Collectively, these studies will provide new information related to the mechanisms of maintenance of brain endothelial barrier that is relevant also to multiple disease states and will, hopefully, elucidate novel therapeutic strategies to restore the vascular hyperpermeability. | {
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
} |
Long-term outcome after renovascular surgery. Comparison between thoracoretroperitoneal/saphenous vein and transabdominal/Dacron prosthesis bypass grafting.
The outcomes of 16 patients operated on for renovascular hypertension (RH) are analyzed. Eight had undergone surgery by the thoracoretroperitoneal approach with saphenous vein bypass grafting, and 8 by the transabdominal approach with a Dacron prosthesis. Distinct differences in favour of the former group were found after an average of 6 years of follow-up. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Solving $\lim\limits_{n\to \infty}\frac{1\times3+3\times5+\dots+(2n-1)\times(2n+1)}{n^2}$
Evaluate
$\lim\limits_{n\to \infty}\frac{1\times3+3\times5+\dots+(2n-1)\times(2n+1)}{n^2}$ using Stolz-Cesaro theorem .
Now, my attempt is :( i am not sure if it is correct)
$$\lim\limits_{n\to \infty}\frac{\sum\limits_{k=1}^n4k^2-1}{n^2}$$
$$=\lim\limits_{n\to \infty}\frac{4\sum\limits_{k=1}^nk^2-\sum\limits_{k=1}^n 1}{n^2}$$
$$=\lim\limits_{n\to \infty}\frac{\frac{4n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}-n}{n^2}$$
= ( and now i've applied the Stolz-Cesaro theorem)
$$\lim\limits_{n\to \infty}\frac{\frac{4n(n+2)(2n+2)-6-4(n+1)(2n+1)+6}{6}}{n+1-n}$$
= (which, after jumping a few steps, lead me to the following answer)
$$2(n-1)$$
Is this correct ?
A:
If you let
$$a_n = 1\times 3 + 3\times 5 + \cdots + (2n-1)\times(2n+1), b_n = n^2,$$
Then
$$\lim\frac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{b_{n+1}-b_n} = \lim\frac{(2n+1)(2n+3)}{(n+1)^2-n^2}=\infty.$$
So by Stolz-Cesaro theorem,
$$\lim\frac{1\times 3 + 3\times 5 + \cdots + (2n-1)\times(2n+1)}{n^2}=\infty$$
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Al Gore has accused President Trump of trying to “hide the truth” by burying an alarming climate report released by his own administration.
On November 23, the former vice president issued a statement on his website, saying: “Unbelievably deadly and tragic wildfires rage in the west, hurricanes batter our coasts — and the Trump administration chooses the Friday after Thanksgiving to try and bury this critical U.S. assessment of the climate crisis.”
“The President may try to hide the truth, but his own scientists and experts have made it as stark and clear as possible,” Gore added.
The conclusions drawn in the 1,000-plus page report are dire, with the Introduction stating in its first sentence, “Earth’s climate is now changing faster than at any point in the history of modern civilization, primarily as a result of human activities.”
RELATED: Foods that could go extinct due to climate change
7 PHOTOS Foods that could go extinct due to climate change See Gallery Foods that could go extinct due to climate change Avocados There are many reasons why avocados are more expensive now than ever before, including a farmers' strike. But the biggest threats to avocados are rooted in environmental issues linked to climate change: hot weather and droughts have caused problems everywhere from California to Australia. Avocados are weather-sensitive and slow growing — making them especially susceptible to the effects of climate change. (Photo credit should read RONALDO SCHEMIDT/AFP/Getty Images) Coffee In September, a report from the nonprofit Climate Institute concluded that the area around the world fit for coffee production would decrease by 50% due to climate change. In addition to dealing with drought, climate change has made coffee crops more vulnerable to diseases like coffee rust, which have wiped out more than a billion dollars in crops. (Photo by Taylor Weidman/Bloomberg via Getty Images) Beer Warmer and more extreme weather is hurting hops production in the US, reports ClimateWatch Magazine. And droughts could mean less tasty drinks. Some brewers fear that a shortage of river water may force them to brew with groundwater — a change that the head brewer at Lagunitas said "would be like brewing with Alka-Seltzer," according to NPR. (Photo via Getty Images) (Photo via Getty Images) Oysters Right now, climate change is actually helping oysters, as they grow faster in warmer waters. However, warmer waters also make oysters more susceptible to oyster drills, reports Seeker, citing a recent study in Functional Ecology. Drills are snails that attack and eat oysters. They're already a multi-million dollar problem for the oyster industry that could get worse thanks to warming water temperatures. (Photo via Getty Images) (Photo via Getty Images) Maple syrup Climate change is already shifting maple syrup tapping season and impacting the quality of syrup, according to Climate Central. Southern producers fear that eventually, areas like Virginia won't get cold enough for maple syrup production, even during the chilliest time of the year. (Photo via Getty Images) Chocolate Indonesia and Ghana, which have historically had ideal climates for growing cocoa beans, are already seeing decreased yields of cocoa. Chocolate companies, like Mars, have hired meteorologists to study the impact of changing weather patterns and attempt to reduce damage. "If climate conditions in these growing areas begin to change over time, it may influence both the supply and quality available of an ingredient that we use in our products," Katie Johnson, a senior manager on the commercial applied research team, told Business Insider in September. "Anticipating what the climate will be like 10, 20, or even 100 years from now is difficult, though the better we can understand what the different climate scenarios and risks to our supply chain are, the more prepared we can be in the future." (Photo by Charlotte Lake / Alamy) Lobsters If ocean waters increase more than five degrees, baby lobsters may not be able to survive, according to research by the University of Maine Darling Marine Center and Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, the Guardian reported. The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that the Gulf of Maine will reach that temperature by 2100. In other words, Maine's lobsters could go from a more than $330 million business to extinct in 84 years. (Photo via Getty Images) Up Next See Gallery Discover More Like This HIDE CAPTION SHOW CAPTION of SEE ALL BACK TO SLIDE
And the section ends by saying: “While Americans are responding in ways that can bolster resilience and improve livelihoods, neither global efforts to mitigate the causes of climate change nor regional efforts to adapt to the impacts currently approach the scales needed to avoid substantial damages to the U.S. economy, environment, and human health and well-being over the coming decades.”
This assessment appears to be at odds with the position of President Trump, who tweeted Wednesday: “Brutal and Extended Cold Blast could shatter ALL RECORDS – Whatever happened to Global Warming?”
More from :
Trump calls GOP senator who made ‘public hanging’ remark an ‘outstanding person’
Ann Coulter suggests she should have voted for Hillary: ‘Might have gotten a wall’
Trump holding Interviews for administration candidates at Mar-a-Lago | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Component({
externalClasses: ['tui-badge-class'], //自定义样式
properties: {
//primary,warning,green,danger,white，black，gray
type: {
type: String,
value: 'primary',
},
// '', small
size: {
type: String,
value: '',
},
//是否是圆点
dot: {
type: Boolean,
value: false
},
//是否可见
visible: {
type: Boolean,
value: true
}
},
data: {
},
methods: {
}
}) | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Patterns of psychiatric and physical comorbidities associated with panic disorder in a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan.
This study aims to document a range of risk of psychiatric and physical comorbidities among PD patients using a nationwide population-based dataset in Taiwan. A total of 3672 patients with at least three consensus diagnoses with PD were included, together with 18 360 matched controls without PD. Logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. After adjusting for the patients' sex, age and geographic region, patients with PD were more likely to have major depressive disorder (OR = 23.45), bipolar disorder (OR = 15.54), cardiac dysrhythmia (OR = 15.12), coronary heart disease (OR = 7.69), myocardial infarction (OR = 6.55), irritable bowel syndrome (OR = 4.82), peptic ulcers (OR = 4.30), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 3.61), hypertension (OR = 3.31), epilepsy (OR = 3.07), hepatitis (OR = 2.70), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.20), asthma (OR = 2.17), schizophrenia (OR = 2.14), neoplasms (OR = 2.02), renal disease (OR = 1.89) and diabetes (OR = 1.26), compared to patients in the comparison cohort. We conclude that PD is associated with an array of psychiatric and physical illnesses. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Specifications tableSubjectEconomicsSpecific subject areaFinancial economicsType of dataTablesHow data were acquiredA secondary data extracted from World Development Indicators and global financial developmentData formatRaw\
Analyzed\
Filtered\
CleanParameters for data collectionWe extracted the relevant data for the analysis from the related data basesDescription of data collectionQuantitative Secondary DataData source locationCountry: Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt, South-Africa, Ghana, Morocco\
Data accessibilityWith the article\
Raw data was deposited in the Mendeley repository as Data for Heterogeneous Data Approach on Financial development of Selected African Leading Economies. doi:10.17632/3779nzm8tz.1\
URL:<https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/3779nzm8tz/draft?a=712517bd-1756-4864-8f7e-9e29e90c7559>
Value of the data {#sec0001a}
=================
•The data article aimed at examining the effects of macroeconomic variables on financial development. Thus, It\'s useful as it combines five components of financial development through the use of principal component analysis for the financial development index as not always been the case in the past. Thus, measuring the impact of these determinants on the development of the financial sectors based on the aggregate performance will surely give an insight to the policy makers.•Indeed, the respective governments of the used economies will find the data helpful, due to the fact that less attention was paid to the leading economies with regards to financial development data, more especially the uncertainty part of the financial globalization, given the continues integration of these economies with the rest of the world. Moreover, investors will as well benefit from the data in identifying market-friendly environment.•The data have proven that the parameters are heterogeneous and depend upon each order across the countries, which means, as shown by this data other advanced methods of analysis could be used for further empirical data analysis.•Its uniqueness in accommodating second generation econometrics techniques
1. Data Description {#sec0001}
===================
The data comprises of 288 year-country observation generated from the world development indicator and global financial development data bases. The data covers forty-eight (48) years from 1970 until 2018. We analyses the direct relationships between economic growth, foreign direct investments and financial globalization uncertainty on financial development in six selected leading African economies using heterogeneous econometrics approach. [Tables 1](#tbl0001){ref-type="table"} and [2](#tbl0002){ref-type="table"} describes the normality of the data, while [Table 3](#tbl0003){ref-type="table"} and [4](#tbl0004){ref-type="table"} validates the ability of the data to run heterogeneous techniques. Also, [table 5](#tbl0005){ref-type="table"} shows the co-integration result and [table 6](#tbl0006){ref-type="table"} indicates the short and long-run estimates. [(Table 7)](#tbl0007){ref-type="table"}Table 1Summary StatisticsTable 1VariablesMeanStandard deviationSkewnessKurtosisJarque-BeraFD~it~5.44E-091.000−0.9836.001157.767 (0.000)GDP~it~1.3642740.803240−1.99850912.001221188.228\* (0.000)FDI~it~310.3812.763−4.15425.5997102.102\* (0.000)FGU~it~−7.48E-081.068618−0.4488509.581368540.4734\* (0.000)Table 2Correlation matrixTable 2VariablesLNFD~it~LNGDP~it~LNFDI~it~LNFGU~it~LNFD~it~**1.000**LNGDP~it~0.256\* (0.000)**1.000**LNFDI~it~0.028 (0.625)−0.131 (0.023)**1.000**LNFGU~it~0.039 (0.500)0.096 (0.098)−0.123\*\* (0.034)**1.000**[^1]Table 3Cross-sectional Dependence TestsTable 3VariablesPesaran CD testPesaran LMCD testBreush-Pagan (LM) testLNFD~it~7.430\* (0.000)10.491\* (0.000)72.465\* (0.000)LNGDP~it~2.494\*\* (0.012)6.811\* (0.000)52.309\* (0.000)LNFDI~it~14.887\* (0.000)42.565\* (0.000)248.142\* (0.000)LNFGU~it~2.665\* (0.007)2.450\*\* (0.014)28.424\*\* (0.019)[^2]Table 4Slope Homogeneity TestsTable 4GroupTestStatisticP-valueDelta2.562\*0.010Adjusted Delta2.707\*0.007[^3]Table 5Panel Unit Root TestTable 5VariablesCIPSCADFAt levelAt first differentAt levelAt the first diff*LNFD~it~*−4.916\* (0.000)−6.420\* (0.000)−4.520\* (0.000)−6.253\* (0.000)*LNGDP~it~*−5.154\* (0.000)−6.234\* (0.000)−3.902 (0.000)−6.092\* (0.000)*LNFDI~it~*−4.645\* (0.000)−6.265\* (0.000)−4.586 (0.000)−5.726\* (0.000)*LNFGU~it~*−5.774\* (0.000)−6.420\* (0.000)−4.433\* (0.004)−6.327 (0.000)[^4]Table 6Summary Results of Heterogeneous Co-integration TestsTable 6StatisticWith TrendWithout TrendValue*p*-valueValue*p*-valueWesterlund*G*~t~−4.785\*0.000−4.544\*0.000*G*~a~−27.234\*0.017−28.168\*0.000*P*~t~−10.936\*0.000−10.745\*0.000*P*~a~−25.906\*0.003−27.049\*0.000[^5]Table 7Dynamic Common Correlated Effect and Pooled Mean Group EstimateTable 7Short-run EstimateDCCEPMGVariablesCoefficientzP-valueCoefficientZP-valueLGDP~it~0.163 (0.079)2.050.0400.089 (0.037)2.370.018LFDI~it~−0.021 (0.008)−2.570.010−0.020 (0.008)−2.410.016LFGU~it~−0.036 (0 .050)−0.720.474−0.047 (0.032)−1.480.140ECT−0.555 (0.086)−6.410.000**Long-run Estimate**LGDP~it~0.543 (0.212)2.560.0110.189 (0.092)2.060.040LFDI~it~−0.081 (0.386)−2.120.0340.007 (0.002)2.920.004LFGU~it~0.114 (0.188)0.610.5450.062 (0.109)0.570.566Cross-section6Observations288R-squared0.49Adj. R-squared0.41F-Stat (p)5.72 (0.000)
Evidence based on the data analysis presented indicates that the present data is heterogeneous in nature and therefore affirmed the use of second generation method of analysis. Also, as expected the pool mean group estimate records that it will take 55 percent speed for the model to return to equilibrium at the long-run in the case of any deviation. Moreover, economic growth is positively and statistically significant towards financial development, whereas, foreign direct investment shows a negative but significant to the development of the financial sector of the sampled countries. But, financial globalization uncertainty records no significant effect on financial development.
2. Experimental Design, Materials, and Methods {#sec0002}
==============================================
In this data article, we deployed a dataset extracted from the secondary source databases as mentioned earlier. All preliminary tests were conducted in order to validate the data and have a clear picture of what the data be. The tests ranging from the descriptive statistics to ascertain the normality of the data, the correlation matrix to test for multi-collinearity among the regressors. Besides, cross-sectional dependency test was also carried out to see whether the data is dependent across the series or not, as well as the homogeneity test to determine if the variables are heterogeneous among the countries. These last two tests are necessary for cross-sectional data, so that one can easily identify the appropriate methods to use in order to avoid having bias report. After which, the unit root, co-integration and estimation tests applied were all heterogeneous techniques as supported by the data.
Acknowledgments {#sec0007}
===============
None
Conflict of Interest {#sec0008a}
====================
No conflict of interest
[^1]: Notes: \* and \*\* significant at 1 and 5% levels. Figures in () denote p-values
[^2]: Note: \* and \*\* significant at 1 and 5% levels. Figures in () denote *p*-values. Pesaran (2004) CD test takes cross-independence as the null, and the p-values are for the one-sided test based on the normal distribution.
[^3]: \*shows statistical significance at % level
[^4]: Notes: \*, \*\* and \*\*\* Denotes rejection of the null hypothesis at 1% and 5% and 10% significance level.
[^5]: Note: \* and \*\* denote rejection of the null hypothesis of no cointegration at 1 and 5% levels of significance
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
[Receptive fields of the visual cortex--detectors or filters of spatial frequencies?].
Spatial frequency characteristics of the complex cortical visual receptive field were studied in curarized cats. It is shown that, besides the main maximum, they also have additional maxima and negative regions as predicted by the theory of piecewise Fourier-analysis. Comparison of responses of the complex receptive field to sinusoidal grating entering the field completely or incompletely together with the comparison of responses to sinusoidal and squarewave gratings shows the linear properties of the receptive field as a spatial frequency filter. The response of the complex receptive field increases with the number of periods constituting the sinusoidal grating. Several periods of optimal spatial frequency matched the size of the complex receptive field. In the columns of neurons, the receptive fields were found tuned to a broad band of spatial frequencies. The data confirm the hypothesis according to which the complex receptive fields are rather spatial frequency filters than detectors. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
/**
* Most of the code in the Qalingo project is copyrighted Hoteia and licensed
* under the Apache License Version 2.0 (release version 0.8.0)
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Copyright (c) Hoteia, 2012-2014
* http://www.hoteia.com - http://twitter.com/hoteia - [email protected]
*
*/
package org.hoteia.qalingo.core.web.mvc.viewbean;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class SecurityViewBean extends AbstractViewBean {
/**
* Generated UID
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6903293893445728139L;
private String loginUrl;
private String submitLoginUrl;
private String forgottenPasswordUrl;
private String resetPasswordUrl;
private String createAccountUrl;
// OAUTH / OPENID URLS
private Map<String, String> urls = new HashMap<String, String>();
public String getLoginUrl() {
return loginUrl;
}
public void setLoginUrl(String loginUrl) {
this.loginUrl = loginUrl;
}
public String getSubmitLoginUrl() {
return submitLoginUrl;
}
public void setSubmitLoginUrl(String submitLoginUrl) {
this.submitLoginUrl = submitLoginUrl;
}
public String getForgottenPasswordUrl() {
return forgottenPasswordUrl;
}
public void setForgottenPasswordUrl(String forgottenPasswordUrl) {
this.forgottenPasswordUrl = forgottenPasswordUrl;
}
public String getResetPasswordUrl() {
return resetPasswordUrl;
}
public void setResetPasswordUrl(String resetPasswordUrl) {
this.resetPasswordUrl = resetPasswordUrl;
}
public String getCreateAccountUrl() {
return createAccountUrl;
}
public void setCreateAccountUrl(String createAccountUrl) {
this.createAccountUrl = createAccountUrl;
}
public Map<String, String> getUrls() {
return urls;
}
public void setUrls(Map<String, String> urls) {
this.urls = urls;
}
} | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Q:
In Bookdown, `\textcolor` is not recognized when I attempt to compile an epub book using Pandoc
In bookdown, it appears that \textcolor in latex is not recognized when I try to compile using
bookdown::render_book('bookdown::epub_book')
even though I have added \usepackage{xcolor} into the preamble.tex file.
Is there a reason for this?
A:
Let's have a look at the way the document is processed. I will leave out processing by the knitr and R Markdown packages and focus on pandoc, which is the final step when converting from Markdown to any other format.
Pandoc first parses the document into an internal, intermediate format. We can inspect that format by choosing native as the target format. So when we feed \textcolor{red}{Mars} to pandoc, it will show us the native representation:
$ printf '\\textcolor{red}{Mars}' | pandoc --from=markdown --to=native
[Para [RawInline (Format "tex") "\\textcolor{red}{Mars}"]]
What this means is that, without going into too much detail, pandoc recognizes \textcolor... as a raw LaTeX command embedded into Markdown. It does not try to parse the LaTeX any further, as it was told to read Markdown, not LaTeX. This raw LaTeX snippet will be included in the output when producing output of a format which supports inclusion of LaTeX. The snippet is left out by pandoc when generating HTML/EPUB, as including it would not have the intended effect.
So can we convince pandoc to continue parsing, and does pandoc know how to translate \textcolor from LaTeX to HTML?
The second question is easy to answer by converting the LaTeX to HTML via pandoc:
$ printf '\\textcolor{red}{Mars}' | pandoc --from=latex --to=html
<p><span style="color: red">Mars</span></p>
That looks good, so let's make pandoc parse the raw LaTeX snippets as the next step. Pandoc has a feature called Lua filters which allow us to modify the internal document representation programmatically. Here is such a filter which will parse the raw LaTeX commands:
function RawInline (el)
if el.format == 'tex' then
local blocks = pandoc.read(el.text, 'latex').blocks
return blocks[1] and blocks[1].content or el
end
end
Save this code to a file parse-latex.lua and make your document processing pipeline use this file:
---
output:
bookdown::epub_book:
pandoc_args: ['--lua-filter=/path/to/your/parse-latex.lua']
---
The colored text should now show up in your epub book.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Medical
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Recreation and athletics are important to people of all ages. Our chief goal in treating sports-related injuries is to return patients to the maximum level of competitive activity as soon as possible. This goal is achieved through a variety of preventative, rehabilitative and surgical procedures. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
What GROUPBY aggregator can I use to test if grouped values are equal to a constant?
Situation: I have table Bob where each row has a bunch of columns, including a Result, SessionID1, SessionID2.
Goal: I want to GroupBy SessionID1 and SessionID2 and see if any Results in the group are 0; I expect multiple rows to have the same ID1 and ID2 values. I then want to divide the count of groups with 0 results / the count of all groups.
Questions: I think I want something like:
GROUPBY (
Bob,
SessionID1,
SessionID2,
"Has at least 1 success",
???)
But what aggregator can I use for ??? to get a boolean indicating if any result in the group equals 0?
Also, if I want a count of groups with successes, do I just wrap the GROUPBY in a COUNT?
A:
Consider this sample table:
You can try the following DAX to create a new summary table:
Summary = GROUPBY(Bob, Bob[SessionID1], Bob[SessionID2],
"Number of rows", COUNTX(CURRENTGROUP(), Bob[Result]),
"Number of successes", SUMX(CURRENTGROUP(), IF(Bob[Result] = 0, 1, 0)))
Then you can add a calculated column for the success ratio:
Success ratio = Summary[Number of successes] / Summary[Number of rows]
Results:
EDIT:
If what you want to calculate is something like Any success, then SUMMARIZE may be a better option to use than GROUPBY due to their function nature.
Summary2 = SUMMARIZE(Bob, Bob[SessionID1], Bob[SessionID2],
"Any success", IF(COUNTROWS(FILTER(Bob, Bob[Result] = 0)) > 0, 1, 0),
"Number of rows", COUNTROWS(Bob))
Results:
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Should I use Clone method in java?
I heard that you should avoid it in your code but it was implemented for some reason so is there a case where using it is actually a good (or not bad) choice or should I always try to avoid it?
A:
Josh Bloch answered this perfectly:
If you've read the item about cloning in my book, especially if you
read between the lines, you will know that I think clone is deeply
broken. There are a few design flaws, the biggest of which is that the
Cloneable interface does not have a clone method. And that means it
simply doesn't work: making something Cloneable doesn't say anything
about what you can do with it. Instead, it says something about what
it can do internally. It says that if by calling super.clone
repeatedly it ends up calling Object's clone method, this method will
return a field copy of the original.
But it doesn't say anything about what you can do with an object that
implements the Cloneable interface, which means that you can't do a
polymorphic clone operation. If I have an array of Cloneable, you
would think that I could run down that array and clone every element
to make a deep copy of the array, but I can't. You cannot cast
something to Cloneable and call the clone method, because Cloneable
doesn't have a public clone method and neither does Object. If you try
to cast to Cloneable and call the clone method, the compiler will say
you are trying to call the protected clone method on object.
It's a shame that Cloneable is broken, but it happens. The original
Java APIs were done very quickly under a tight deadline to meet a
closing market window. The original Java team did an incredible job,
but not all of the APIs are perfect. Cloneable is a weak spot, and I
think people should be aware of its limitations.
| {
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This invention relates to a lint roller of the type that has a tacky outer surface provided for the purpose of picking up lint, hair, dandruff, etc. from different types of surfaces such as clothing, furniture and the like. More particularly, this invention relates to such a lint roller in combination with an encasement cover, such cover providing a unique handle which can be easily gripped by the user for the purpose of operating the roller.
Lint rollers are extremely old and attempts have been made to provide some type of encasement so as to cover the tacky surface and, at the same time, provide a handle for operating the roller. Normal-size rollers have been developed with an encasement/cover of a clam shell construction which serves as the handle and which also fits over the roller. However, in such normal-size rollers, the encasement which serves as the cover is rather large and is very uncomfortable to hold. In fact, the average woman has difficulty in gripping the cover as she operates the roller. Therefore, it has become desirable to reduce the size of the handle/cover, but so far, there has been no way developed or conceived for reducing the size of the handle and still encase the roller. | {
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Oh, and incase you remember my post a month ago asking for decorating advice on another home, the deal was collased due to a crazy amount of issues that came up during the inspection. House hunting is stressful!
For those who like the colour, how do you feel about the backsplash colour? Is there something else you would do to change the look? I feel like there is something off but I can’t put my finger on it, maybe it isn’t the paint?? haha | {
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Santander has begun using an app for international payments using Ripple Labs’ blockchain technology, according to Ripple on its Ripple Insights website. The pilot app makes Santander the first U.K. bank to use Ripple technology for cross-border payments.
Santander is introducing the app as a staff pilot, with the intention to expand the technology.
Once the app is downloaded, Santander staff just have to complete profile details to start to make payments. The app connects to Apple Pay, where users can securely confirm payments using Touch ID. It allows users transfer between £10 and £10,000. Payments can be made from GBP to EUR and USD. Payments made in EUR can go to 21 countries while U.S. dollar payments can only go to the United States.
Ripple is providing the technology for the app.
Santander Shows Leadership
“Leading banks like Santander are taking advantage of our enterprise blockchain solutions to improve their cross-border payments, drastically reducing the time and cost of settlement and enabling new types of high volume, low-value global transactions,” noted Monica Long on Ripple’s website.
The need for finance has expanded from providing a physical pound to being seamlessly integrated into a connected lifestyle, said Sigga Sigurdardottir, Santander’s head of innovation.
Santander Seeks Progress
Santander is working to ensure its banking is fair, personal and simple, Sigurdardottir said, and it views blockchain technology as playing a transformative role in how it achieves its goals to better serve customers by adding value from creating more convenience and choice.
“Ripple is redefining the way that value moves around the world, and today we’re already enabling real-time, affordable international settlement between banks who have adopted our solutions,” said Chris Larsen, Ripple CEO and co-founder.
Larsen said Santander is the first bank in the world to transfer real funds externally, and that in doing so, they are creating a new service standard.
Security and regulatory compliance is key to all of Santander’s activity, Ripple noted, and the app has already undergone the testing needed for a rollout.
Santander Invests In Ripple
Santander InnoVentures – Santander Group’s $100 million fintech venture capital fund –joined Ripple’s Series A funding round as an investor, bringing the round’s total to $32 million in October.
Ripple’s Series A funding round included a mix of investment firms and global strategic investors that support Ripple’s vision to enable an Internet of Value by supporting the secure, real-time, settlement of funds for financial institutions and their customers globally.
“Santander InnoVentures is a natural fit in this round because of their demonstrated support for real-time international payments and their commitment to new technologies that enable Santander to empower its customers,” Larsen said at the time. “We are excited to work closely with them in building the Internet of Value and accelerating adoption amongst financial institutions, market makers and businesses worldwide.”
Also read: Ripple Labs CEO: Partnership with banking block chain consortium R3 in the offing
Belinky Praises Ripple
Mariano Belinky, managing partner of Santander InnoVentures, said the bank has long advocated modernizing banking infrastructure. In its Fintech 2.0 report, Santander highlighted a $20 billion opportunity for the financial services industry where distributed ledger technology will have a positive impact.
Belinky said Ripple has the technology, talent, and momentum to address many such scenarios, and is exploring how best to apply Ripple technology in the bank. “Ripple and Santander share a common vision of the future of the industry, and we intend to jointly advocate it in the community,” Belinky said.
Featured image from Shutterstock and LinkedIn. | {
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A Sri Lankan editor was arrested for reporting on an alleged rift between a senior military commander and the government after the defeat of the Tamil Tiger rebels, police and his newspaper said.
A Sri Lankan editor was arrested for reporting on an alleged rift between a senior military commander and the government after the defeat of the Tamil Tiger rebels, police and his newspaper said on Sunday.
Chandana Sirimalwatte was held for questioning after police raided the offices of his "Lanka" newspaper, a spokesman for the paper said.
Police spokesman Nimal Mediwaka confirmed that the editor was arrested on Saturday, but declined to say why he was taken in.
The newspaper, which is closely linked to the opposition JVP, or People's Liberation Front, said Sirimalwatte had been questioned about a story in Friday's edition.
The paper had alleged there were attempts to discredit Chief of Defence Staff General Sarath Fonseka, who played a key role in the military's victory over Tamil rebels in May, after he reportedly refused to accept a civilian job.
There is no official censorship in Sri Lanka, but many mainstream media organisations practise self-censorship fearing reprisals from the authorities.
Tamil editor JS Tissainayagam was sentenced in August to 20 years of hard labour on charges of supporting terrorism, sparking protests from the US government and the European Union. | {
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Soulquarians
The Soulquarians were a neo soul and alternative hip hop-informed musical collective. The collective, formed during the late 1990s, continued into the early 2000s, and produced several well-received albums. Prior to its formation, members Common, Talib Kweli, Mos Def, and Q-Tip were members of the Native Tongues collective.
Producer and drummer Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson of hip hop band the Roots acted as the "musical powerhouse" behind several of the collective's projects during the late 1990s and early 2000s, including The Roots' Things Fall Apart (1999), D'Angelo's Voodoo (2000), Erykah Badu's Mama's Gun (2000), and Common's Like Water for Chocolate (2000). In an interview for Spin magazine, Common discussed the production of those albums, stating: "It was one of those time periods that you don't even realize when you're going through it that it's powerful".
Background
The name of the collective is derived from an astrology sign. The founding members of the collective—Questlove from the Roots, D'Angelo, James Poyser, and J Dilla—share the sign of Aquarius. Questlove, D'Angelo, Poyser, and J Dilla came together after discovering they had a common interest for the unconventional—offbeat rhythms, irregular chords, and other traits often exhibited by the underground urban music scene. Also around this time, D'Angelo and Welsh bassist Pino Palladino developed a connection over their mutual love of Motown and other classic soul music, and Palladino became active in the project, playing on the majority of their discography and serving as a member of the Soultronics touring band that supported D'Angelo's Voodoo tour.
Being a collective, the Soulquarians included a rotating list of members, including Common, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Q-Tip, Erykah Badu and Bilal. In a 2003 interview, Questlove unequivocally stated that there were no plans for a Soulquarians album release for the foreseeable future. This was interpreted as a silent breakup of the outfit. However, according to an interview with Common (circa 2005), the collective continued to exist.
Members
Questlove – drums, keyboards, producer
Bilal – vocals
Common – vocals
Roy Hargrove (deceased) – trumpet, flugelhorn
Erykah Badu – vocals, producer
D'Angelo – vocals, keyboards, producer
James Poyser – keyboards, producer
Mos Def – vocals
Q-Tip – vocals, producer
Talib Kweli – vocals
Pino Palladino – bass
J Dilla (deceased) – vocals, producer
Discography
Albums produced wholly or partly by the Soulquarians:
References
External links
Soulquarians at Discogs
Soulquarians — By Vibe
Soulquarians in the news from MTV News
Category:American record producers
Category:American soul musical groups
Category:Hip hop collectives
Category:J Dilla
Category:D'Angelo
Category:Jill Scott
Category:Erykah Badu | {
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Chapter 5 Page 270
Posted May 4, 2018 at 04:45 am
Special shouts out to number one girlfriend and Spender fan Taylor , who knew Spender was Hijack the whole time and had to face being apart from him for so long, while also having him, so close...Taylor...... he was dreaming of you. | {
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Modern symmetric microprocessor systems (SMP) incorporate multiple processor cores sharing a last-level memory cache (LLC). A cache is a high-speed data storage area adjacent the processor core for storing a copy of recently accessed or frequently accessed data that is otherwise stored in the main memory system of a computer. The term “processor core” is used herein to indicate an execution engine that may coexist with other cores on a single die. In modern multi-core processors, each core often has one or two levels of its own cache, and shares a second- or third-level cache (the LLC) with one or more other cores on the same die. However, there are also processors with multiple cores on separate dies that share an LLC on the main mother board or within a processor package. Having more than one core allows for more than one thread to execute concurrently on a single computer system (and not just time-wise interleaved).
When a thread that is executing on one core of a processor fetches data, it first checks local cache to see if the data is already present in the cache. When there are multiple levels of cache, the checks percolate through to the LLC if the earlier caches do not have the requested data. If the requested data is not in the LLC (an LLC “cache miss”) then the data is fetched from main memory, and a line is evicted from the LLC so that the newly-fetched data can be made available in the LLC in case it is needed again. When the LLC is shared by a plurality of processor cores, the data that was evicted can either have been placed there by the same thread whose memory request resulted in the eviction, or it can have been placed there by a different thread, possibly running on a different core. As a result, the execution of one thread on one core can adversely affect the execution of other threads running on the same or other cores that share the same LLC.
CPU resources are generally allocated to a plurality of concurrently running threads that may execute interleaved on a single core or simultaneously on a plurality of different cores, or both. There are many existing scheduling algorithms in use, which generally attempt to provide some “fair” distribution of processor resources to each of the executing threads. In some cases, a CPU scheduling algorithm may take into consideration a “proportional share” of the scheduling resources, such that some processes are granted a greater than even share of processor resources. In a proportional fair scheduling policy, for example, a first thread may be given a proportional share of 800, and a second thread given a proportional share of 400, so that the ratio between the two is 2:1, and the first thread is given twice the resources (i.e., CPU execution time) of the second.
Contention for LLC and other microarchitectural resources can adversely impact the fair distribution of processor resources among threads. Microarchitecture refers to a physical implementation of an instruction set architecture in a computer system. Microarchitectural resources include the physical resources such as the cache, memory interconnects, and functional units. Contention for these resources result in delays in useful execution by one thread imposed by another thread. For example, because the execution of a first thread on a first core can interfere with data stored in the LLC that is shared with a second thread, and because a cache miss imparts a significant penalty in terms of the time it takes to fetch the data from the main memory, the presence of a shared LLC can cause delays in execution by the second thread caused by the first thread. | {
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Design & Create in VR
Join Chicago Creative Coalition and make paintings with strokes that twirl and dance around you in 3D or create virtual sculptures that you can build from all angles!
See where this cutting-edge art form is headed in an exciting hands-on exploration of artists leading the way in illustration, sculpture, 3D modeling and printing, and animation. . .then try it for yourself on several room-scale VR systems.
Creative Genius George Berlin will show you who’s making cool stuff with virtual reality and then get you started on making some cool stuff yourself with Google Blocks, Oculus Quill, Medium, Tilt Brush, and AnimVR. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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tl;dr: Es ist so weit: Über GeForce RTX 2080 und RTX 2080 Ti mit Nvidias Turing-Architektur darf ab sofort ausführlich berichtet werde. Im Test mit beiden Founders Editions und einem Ausblick auf drei Custom Designs erweist sich Turing als deutlich schneller als Pascal. Funktionen wie RTX und DLSS warten aber noch auf Software.
Die GeForce RTX 2080 und die GeForce RTX 2080 Ti – mit Turing
Angekündigt wurden die neuen GeForce-RTX-Grafikkarten von Nvidia zur Gamescom im August, auch vorbestellen ließen sich die beiden Topmodelle GeForce RTX 2080 und GeForce RTX 2080 Ti seitdem. Umfangreiche Testberichte sind für die Redaktionen, die Informationen, Grafikkarten und Treiber von Nvidia vorab erhalten haben, aber erst jetzt erlaubt. Der Verkauf startet wiederum einen Tag später, wobei die Ti noch eine Woche länger auf sich warten lassen könnte.
Turing ist mehr Leistung, Raytracing und KI
Mit GeForce RTX, darunter auch die für Oktober angekündigte GeForce RTX 2070, will Nvidia „Gaming revolutionieren“. Neben generell mehr Leistung sind Raytracing und KI die Zauberwörter, hinter denen optische Meilensteine stehen sollen. Auf Raytracing liegt dabei das Hauptaugenmerk, weil Turing die erste Technik ist, die die realistische Strahlentechnik in Echtzeit berechnen kann – und der potentielle Nutzen von Raytracing ist groß. Mit 639 Euro (RTX 2070), 849 Euro (RTX 2080) respektive 1.259 Euro (RTX 2080 Ti) sind die neuen Grafikkarten allerdings deutlich teurer als die Vorgänger.
2 × Founders Edition und 3 × Custom Design im Test
Wie die Leistung in herkömmlichen Spielen, neue Funktionen und der Preis im Zusammenhang stehen, dieser Frage geht die Redaktion auf den nachfolgenden Seiten nach. ComputerBase wirft zu diesem Zweck einen genauen, tiefgründigen und kritischen Blick auf die GeForce RTX 2080 sowie GeForce RTX 2080 Ti. Neben diverser Benchmarks aktueller Spiele stehen diverse weitere Messungen sowie Analysen im Fokus.
GeForce RTX 2080 (Ti) als Founders Edition und Custom Designs
Neben den beiden Founders Edition standen der Redaktion zu diesem Zweck auch die MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke, die MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio und die Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! zur Verfügung. Erst am Tag der Veröffentlichung des Testes traf auch die Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC ein. Zu spät, um noch im Detail behandelt zu werden.
Die folgenden Seiten klären, wie gut Turing schon heute wirklich ist und was die (nahe) Zukunft bringen könnte.
TU102, TU104 & TU106: Die Turing-Architektur
In der Regel dreht sich der erste Abschnitt im Test einer neuen Grafikkarten-Generation immer um die Technik der 3D-Beschleuniger. Dieses Mal ist das anders, denn die Berichterstattung um die neuen Eigenschaften von Turing und GeForce RTX war bereits vor einigen Tagen erlaubt. Wer also mehr über die Details zur Turing-Architektur oder die genauen technischen Spezifikationen erfahren möchte, dem sei der Technik-Artikel über die Turing-GPUs TU102 (RTX 2080 Ti), TU104 (RTX 2080) und TU106 (RTX 2070) sowie die Turing-Architektur empfohlen.
Dieser Test widmet sich wiederum – mit Ausnahme zu neuen Informationen über GPU Boost 4.0 – einzig und allein der Praxis, um herauszufinden, was GeForce RTX 2080 und GeForce RTX 2080 Ti im Vergleich zu den Vorgängern und auch AMD Vega können.
Nvidia Founders Edition im Detail
Wie bei Pascal bietet Nvidia auch von GeForce RTX 2070, GeForce RTX 2080 und GeForce RTX 2080 Ti eine Founders Edition an, die von Nvidia selbst und auch über die Bordpartner verkauft wird. Mit Turing hat sich die Founders Edition allerdings massiv gewandelt und macht den Partnermodellen nun richtig Konkurrenz.
Optisch sehen die GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition und die GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition fast identisch aus. Das wundert auch nicht, denn das Kühlsystem ist absolut gleich. Daher gelten die meisten der nachfolgenden Aussagen für beide Modelle. So zum Beispiel die Gesamtlänge von nicht ganz 27 Zentimetern.
Die Qualität der Founders Edition ist sehr hoch
Bei der Founders Edition ist Nvidia materiell in die Vollen gegangen: Ein derart hochwertiges Kühlsystem unter Metallabdeckung hat es bisher nicht in der Redaktion gegeben. Und auch die restlichen Elemente sind auf hohe Qualität getrimmt. Die resultierende Optik und Haptik wirkt sehr edel. Auch das Gewicht spiegelt das wieder. Die GeForce GTX 1080 Ti Founders Edition ist 1.045 Gramm schwer, die Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! kommt als Partnerkarte auf 1.164 Gramm, die GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition wiegt 1.273 Gramm.
Modell Gewicht Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080 Ti Founders Edition 1.045 Gramm Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! 1.164 Gramm Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition 1.273 Gramm
Was es weiterhin nicht gibt, ist eine RGB-LED-Beleuchtung. Allerdings lässt sich der ausgeleuchtete GeForce-RTX-Schriftzug jetzt anpassen (Helligkeit, dauerhaft leuchtend, blinkend).
Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Bild 1 von 12
Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition GeForce RTX 2080 Ti (oben) vs. GeForce GTX 1080 Ti (unten)
Der Dual-Slot-Kühler der Founders Edition besteht aus einem Kühlkörper, der die Gesamtlänge der Grafikkarte ausnutzt. Darunter sitzt statt Heatpipes eine Vapor-Chamber. Für die Frischluft sorgen zwei im Durchmesser 85 mm große Axial-Lüfter. Nvidia setzt anders als fast alle Generationen zuvor also nicht mehr auf einen Radial-Lüfter. Dadurch wird die warme Luft aber nicht mehr aus dem Gehäuse heraus transportiert.
Was weiterhin gilt: Anders als fast alle Partnermodelle schaltet die Founders Edition die Lüfter bei niedrigen Temperaturen nicht ab. Sie drehen stattdessen mit Vergleichsweise hohen 1.500 Umdrehungen in der Minute weiter. Wie Nvidia kurz vor Veröffentlichung mitgeteilt hat, handelt es sich hierbei aber noch um ein Problem, das per Treiber-Update behoben werden soll.
Die Rückseite ist mit einer Backplate versehen. Der NVLink-Anschluss, der für SLI benötigt wird, wird von einer ans Design angepassten Abdeckung verdeckt.
Die Stromversorgung agiert mit dynamischen Phasen
Nvidia will die Stromversorgung auf beiden Modellen der Founders Edition deutlich verstärkt haben. Beide GeForce-Modelle haben insgesamt 8 Phasen, zwei Phasen stehen dem Speicher zur Verfügung. Neu ist: Die Phasen können dynamisch an- und abgeschaltet werden. Durch diesen Trick sollen die Grafikkarten unabhängig von der Last immer mit einer hohen Energieeffizienz arbeiten, weil jede Phase optimal ausgelastet wird.
Die GeForce RTX 2080 FE arbeitet mit einem Basis-Takt von 1.515 MHz, der durchschnittliche Boost ist mit 1.800 MHz angegeben. Die TDP beträgt 225 Watt. Darum gibt es einen Acht-Pin- und einen Sechs-Pin-Stromanschluss. Nvidia hat die Founders Edition leicht übertaktet. Die Minimum-Spezifikationen sehen für die GeForce RTX 2080 einen durchschnittlichen Boost von 1.710 MHz und eine TDP von 215 Watt vor. Auch solche Modelle soll es später von Partnern geben.
Die GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition bietet einen Basis-Takt von 1.350 MHz und einen Boost von 1.635 MHz. Die TDP ist mit 260 Watt angegeben, zwei Acht-Pin-Stecker sind für den Betrieb notwendig. Auch hier arbeitet Nvidia mit einem leicht höheren Takt. Die Minimum-Angaben für das Flaggschiff betragen 1.545 MHz beim Boost und 250 Watt bei der TDP.
Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Bild 1 von 17
Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition GeForce RTX 2080 (oben) vs. GeForce GTX 1080 (unten)
Beide Grafikkarten sind mit einem 7.000 MHz schnellen GDDR6-Speicher von Micron ausgestattet. Die GeForce RTX 2080 hat einen 8.192 MB großen Speicher, das Flaggschiff GeForce RTX 2080 Ti hat 11.264 MB. Anstatt acht Speichermodulen werden bei der Ti-Version deren elf verbaut.
Premiere auf Grafikkarten: VirtualLink für zukünftige VR-Headsets
An beiden Grafikkarten können Monitore mittels drei DisplayPort-1.4- sowie einem HDMI-2.0b-Ausgang angesteuert werden. Zudem gibt es noch einen USB-Type-C-Anschluss, der als VirtualLink für zukünftige VR-Headsets ausgelegt ist. Sie benötigen dann nur noch ein Kabel.
Die GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition hat eine UVP von 849 Euro und kann bei Nvidia direkt oder im regulären Retail-Handel über einen Bordpartner erworben werden. Ab dem 20. September soll das Modell ausgeliefert werden. Die GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition kommt mit einer unverbindlichen Preisempfehlung von 1.259 Euro daher. Die Auslieferung der Grafikkarte erfolgt bis zum 27. September.
Die ersten Partnerkarten
ComputerBase haben pünktlich zum Test auch erste Custom-Designs der GeForce RTX erreicht. Der Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! folgten zwei Tage vor Fall des NDA noch die MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke und die MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio. Am Tag der Veröffentlichungen folgte kurzfristig noch die Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC. Nach Veröffentlichung folgten die Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Strix OC und die Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC. Weitere Modelle sind im Zulauf.
Vergleich der Custom Designs folgt
Für einen ausführlichen Vergleichstest der Partnerkarten hat es bis zur Veröffentlichung des Artikels zwar nicht gereicht, den liefert ComputerBase in gewohnter Qualität in Kürze nach. Informationen zu drei der vier Grafikkarten, darunter die Taktraten, enthält dieser Artikel aber bereits.
MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke, GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio ud Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! (v.l.n.r.)
Custom PCBs gleich von Beginn an
Eine interessante Erkenntnis ist: Entgegen der Gerüchte setzen Custom-Designs gleich zu Beginn auch auf alternative PCBs – und zwar bei allen im Test bereits vorgestellten Modellen. Bei der MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio ist das auch mit montiertem Kühlsystem allerdings am imposantesten sichtbar: Das PCB ist deutlich länger und auch deutlich breiter als das der Founders Edition von Nvidia.
Modell Basis-Takt Boost-Takt
(typisch) max. Takt TDP max. PT max. TT GeForce RTX 2080 Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Referenz 1.515 MHz 1.710 MHz ? 215 W ? % 88 °C Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 FE 1.515 MHz 1.800 MHz 1.965 MHz 225 W 124 % 88 °C Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC 1.515 MHz 1.860 MHz 1.965 MHz ? 125 % 88 °C Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC 1.515 MHz 1.750 MHz 1.980 MHz ? 108 % 88 °C MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio 1.515 MHz 1.860 MHz 2.010 MHz ? 109 % 88 °C Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! 1.515 MHz 1.830 MHz 1.995 MHz 225 W 111 % 88 °C GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Referenz 1.350 MHz 1.545 MHz ? 250 W ? % 88 °C Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080 Ti FE 1.350 MHz 1.635 MHz 1.935 MHz 260 W 123 % 88 °C Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Strix OC 1.350 MHz 1.650 MHz 2.025 MHz ? 125 % 88 °C MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke 1.350 MHz 1.755 MHz 1.920 MHz ? 110 % 88 °C PT = Power Target, TT = Temperature Target
Eine weitere Erkenntnis ist: Bei den Taktraten gibt es offensichtlich wie bei Pascal nur geringen Spielraum für Partner. Die Varianten der GeForce GTX 2080 von Asus, MSI und insbesondere Zotac heben sich jeweils nur geringfügig von der jeweiligen Founders Edition ab, nur die GeForce GTX 2080 Ti von MSI in der Variante Duke bietet auf dem Papier 120 MHz mehr typischen Boost-Takt. Aber auch das entspricht nur einem Plus von sieben Prozent.
Manuell anheben lässt sich das Power Target bei den Custom Designs um maximal elf Prozent, die Ausnahme bildet Asus: Hier sind es 25 Prozent. Die Founders Edition erlaubt hingegen bis zu 24 Prozent. Weil die Zotac AMP! laut Hersteller wie die Founders Edition 225 Watt TDP hat, lässt sie damit weniger Spielraum als die Variante direkt von Nvidia. Zu den Grafikkarten von MSI liegen noch keine verlässlichen Angaben vor.
Gigabyte mit „OC“ unterhalb der Founders Edition
Interessant ist die Gigabyte RTX 2080 Gaming OC, die sich mit dem Zusatz „übertaktet“ schmücken darf, obwohl sie niedriger taktet als die Founders Edition. Hintergrund: Deren typischen Boost gibt Nvidia mit 1.800 MHz an, den der „Referenz“ hingegen nur mit 1.710 MHz – und mit 1.750 MHz liegt das Modell mit Gigabyte dazwischen.
MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke
Die MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke kommt mit einem das PCB überragenden Triple-Lüfter-Kühler auf 31,5 Zentimeter Länge. Der Kühler ist nicht ganz 2,5 Slot hoch. Nur an der Stelle der seitlich mit dem Hersteller-Logo untergebrachten RGB-LED-Beleuchtung ragt dieses Modell über die Slotblende hinaus.
Das Kühlsystem beherbergt zwei hohe Alu-Kühlkörper, die über vier Heatpipes mit der Bodenplatte verbunden sind. Eine fünfte Heatpipe durchzieht den Kühlkörper an der Slotblende. Die von MSI bekannten flachen Lüfter sind je 85 mm im Durchmesser groß. Im Leerlauf stehen sie still. Das Gewicht der Grafikkarte beträgt 1.239 Gramm.
MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke Bild 1 von 4
MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Duke
Bei den Anschlüssen sieht MSI zwei Mal 8 Pin vor, um die versprochenen 120 MHz mehr Boost-Takt gegenüber der Founders Edition auch erreichen zu können. Wie hoch die TDP ist, dazu lagen der Redaktion zum Veröffentlichungszeitpunkt noch keine Informationen vor. Der Preis der Grafikkarte liegt zum Marktstart bei knapp 1.290 Euro. Die Duke gibt es auch als GeForce RTX 2080.
MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio
Riesig im Vergleich zur Founders Edition und den anderen Custom Designs ist die MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio. Die 33 Zentimeter Länge werden in letzter Instanz zwar durch das Kühlsystem diktiert, aber auch das PCB ist mit fast 31 Zentimetern schon deutlich länger als bei der Konkurrenz. Länger und breiter: Fast vier Zentimeter ragen Kühler und PCB über das obere Ende der Slotblende hinaus. Dazu passt dann auch die Höhe des Kühlsystems von vollen drei Slot und das Gewicht von 1.539 Gramm.
MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio Bild 1 von 4
MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio MSI GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming X Trio
Für das hohe Gewicht sorgen die zwei massiven Kühlkörper, die über sechs Heatpipes mit der Bodenplatte in Kontakt stehen. Vergleichsweise flach sind hingegen die zwei 95-mm- sowie der eine 85-mm-Lüfter. Einen neuen Benchmark setzt die RGB-LED-Beleuchtung, die Lüfter und Seite der Grafikkarte in Wunschfarben und -effekten in Szene setzt.
Die RGB-LED-Beleuchtung der MSI Gaming X Trio (Bild: MSI)
Bei den Anschlüssen sieht MSI zwei Mal 8 Pin vor, um die versprochenen 60 MHz mehr Takt gegenüber der Founders Edition auch erreichen zu können. Wie hoch die TDP ist, dazu lagen der Redaktion zum Veröffentlichungszeitpunkt noch keine Informationen vor. Der Preis der Grafikkarte liegt zum Marktstart bei knapp 870 Euro. Die Gaming X Trio gibt es auch als GeForce RTX 2080 Ti.
Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP!
Die Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! ist mit einem mächtigen Drei-Slot-Kühler (nicht ganz drei Slots) ausgestattet, der mit 31 Zentimetern deutlich länger als das PCB ist, das auf 26,5 Zentimetern kommt. Der Kühler selbst besteht aus zwei verschiedenen Alu-Kühlkörpern, die mittels fünf Heatpipes miteinander verbunden sind. Eine Backplate ist auf der Rückseite angebracht.
Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Bild 1 von 9
Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP!
Zotac hat die Grafikkarte minimal übertaktet
Zotac verbaut auf der GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! drei Axial-Lüfter mit einem Durchmesser von 85 Millimetern. Die schalten sich bei niedrigen Temperaturen ab und sorgen damit für einen lautlosen Betrieb. Ein Acht-Pin- und ein Sechs-Pin-Stromanschluss sind für den Betrieb nötig. Der Basis-Takt der Grafikkarte liegt bei 1.525, der durchschnittliche Boost bei 1.830 MHz und der Speichertakt bei 7.000 MHz. Die Angaben der Taktraten liegen damit minimal höher (+15 MHz Boost) als bei der Founders Edition. Die TDP beträgt mit 225 Watt hingegen genauso viel wie auf der Founders Edition.
Die Zotac GeForce RTX 2080 AMP! bietet wie die Founders Edition drei DisplayPort-1.4-, ein HDMI-2.0b- sowie ein Virtual-Link-Ausgang.
Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC
Nur Stunden vor Veröffentlichung hat es auch die Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC noch in die Redaktion geschafft. Mit 30 Zentimetern überragt auch dieses Modell die Founders Edition, das PCB ist knapp einen Zentimeter kürzer.
Das Kühlsystem ist knapp 3 Slot hoch und setzt auf drei 90 mm im Durchmesser große Lüfter, deren Rotorblätter an der Außenseite miteinander verbunden sind. Zwei Kühlkörper werden über fünf Heatpipes mit der Bodenplatte verbunden, eine sechste durchzieht den Kühlkörper an der Slotblende. Das Gewicht liegt bei 1.419 Gramm.
Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC Bild 1 von 4
Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC
Wie MSI bei der Gaming X Trio verspricht auch Asus 60 MHz mehr typischen Boost-Takt und stattet die Grafikkarte deshalb mit zwei 8-Pin-Stromanschlüssen aus. Über die TDP ab Werk liegen noch keine Informationen vor.
Von Asus bekannt ist der Einsatz von zwei HDMI-Anschlüssen zum parallelen Betrieb von Monitor und VR-Headset. Daran hält der Hersteller fest. Händler verlangen zum Markstart mindestens 970 Euro für dieses Modell.
Die Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Strix ist von vorne und der Slotblende aus betrachtet nicht von der kleineren Variante zu unterscheiden, denn Kühlsystem, zwei Mal 8-Pin-PCIe und die Anschlüsse an der Slotblende inkl. Dual-HDMI-Ansatz des Herstellers sind identisch. Mit 1.454 Gramm weicht allerdings das Gewicht leicht ab. Hintergrund sind das andere PCB, dessen Bestückung abweicht – in der Größe unterscheiden sich beide wiederum nicht. Die andere Bestückung hat auch eine leicht andere Backplate zur Folge.
Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Strix OC Bild 1 von 3
Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Strix OC Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC: Ti oben, None-Ti unten Asus GeForce RTX 2080 Strix OC: Ti oben, None-Ti unten
Bei den Taktraten verspricht Asus mit 1.650 MHz beim typischen Boost nur 15 MHz mehr Takt als Nvidia bei der Founders Edition. Die ab Werk eingestellte TDP ist nicht bekannt. Maximal erweitern lässt sich das Power Target auf 125 Prozent, das Temperature Target ist auch in diesem Fall auf maximal 88 °C festgesetzt.
Händler listen die Grafikkarte bisher noch nicht.
Die GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC ist die kompakteste Turing-Grafikkarte, die bisher in der Redaktion eingetroffen ist. Deshalb und weil nur das Gigabyte-Logo an der Seite optional beleuchtet werden kann, fällt der Auftritt dezent aus. Mit 29 Zentimetern ist sie trotzdem länger als die Founders Edition und mit 2,3 Slot in der Höhe auch dicker. Jeder der drei Lüfter misst 80 mm im Durchmesser, der Kühlkörper darunter ist dreigeteilt und wird von vier Heatpipes durchzogen.
Mit OC unter der der Founders Edition
Mit 987 Gramm ist die Grafikkarte auch die mit Abstand leichteste und kommt wie die Founders Edition von Nvidia nur mit einem 6- und einem 8-Pin-PCIe-Anschluss daher. Mit einem typischen Boost von 1.750 MHz ist sie auf dem Papier 50 MHz niedriger getaktete als das Modell vom GPU-Hersteller, nennt sich aber weiterhin zurecht „OC“, weil der offizielle typische Boost der Referenz-Grafikkarte nur 1.710 MHz beträgt. Händler verlangen für das Modell 899 Euro.
Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC Bild 1 von 5
Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC B11A1427Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC (unten) Gigabyte GeForce RTX 2080 Gaming OC
Vier Jahre Garantie nach Registrierung
Neu ist, dass Gigabyte Kunden gegen Registrierung vier statt drei Jahren Garantie gewährt. Unverändert bleibt es allerdings bei einer Garantie ab Herstellungs- und nicht ab Verkaufsdatum, wie dem Artikel Grafikkarten: Garantiebedingungen von Abwicklung bis Kühlerwechsel zu entnehmen ist.
GeForce RTX von Gigabyte optional mit 4 Jahren Garantie
Auf der nächsten Seite: Testsystem und Testergebnisse | {
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} |
Samsung has restored two popular functions to its latest flagship handsets.
The Galaxy S7 and Galaxy S7 Edge both accept MicroSD cards, allowing their storage to be expanded. They can also be submerged 1.5m (4.9ft) underwater.
The BBC's Rory Cellan-Jones was given an early look at the Galaxy S7 Edge before it was unveiled at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.
Read more | {
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} |
Featured Post
The Illinois abortion bills HB2467 and HB2495 which would have enshrined abortion in Illinois were not called in the Human Services Commi...
June 11, 2018
Rep. Mark Walker: Investigate Planned Parenthood’s sex abuse cover-up
Congressman Mark Walker (R-NC), Chairman of the Republican Study Committee, joined Live Action president Lila Rose and additional members of Congress in a press conference Thursday, June 7, 2018, to expose Planned Parenthood’s decades-long cover-up of sexual abuse. Live Action’s new seven-part docuseries, Aiding Abusers, exposes Planned Parenthood’s systemic cover-up of sex abuse including the aiding of sex traffickers.
Walker, who applauded President Trump’s Protect Life Rule to Title X funding, said that while it is astonishing that Planned Parenthood would cover up sex abuse he did not actually find it surprising. The Protect Life Rule would end Title X family planning funding for groups that commit, support or refer for abortion.
“Seems that Planned Parenthood, according to reports, has broken the law,” he said during the press conference. “There should be a full investigation into whether Planned Parenthood willfully turned over child victims of abuse back to their abuser and, if necessary, criminal prosecution. […] This isn’t about politics.” | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Pandora Launches New Desktop App for Mac - bookofjoe
https://www.macrumors.com/2019/05/20/pandora-desktop-app-for-mac/
======
chmielewski
Best Mac client is TUI. brew install pianobar
Uses your Pandora account, has all your saved channels, unlimited skips, no
commercials.
| {
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
} |
Q:
listbox selected items binding update from source
I have a customlistbox whose itemssource is bound to an observablecollection in the viewmodel. I have created a SelectedItemsList DependencyProperty in the customListbox so that the user can select items and the viewmodel will updated. This works perfectly.
I would also like the bound list in the viewmodel, when changed, to update the selected items in the customListbox.
static FrameworkPropertyMetadata fpm = new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(
new ObservableCollection<MyItem>(),
(FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.AffectsRender |
FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault),
new PropertyChangedCallback(OnSelectedItemsChanged)
);
private static void OnSelectedItemsChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
//the code
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty SelectedItemsListProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("SelectedItemsList",
typeof(ObservableCollection<MyItem>),
typeof(CustomListBox), fpm);
SelectedItems is read only. Is there anyway to update the selected items from the viewModel? Is there an alternative to ListBox that would be more suitable?
A:
I figured that I would post my solution just in case it helps anyone.
Here is my very simple Item class
class MyItem
{
public string MyString { get; set; }
public MyItem(string m)
{
MyString = m;
}
}
Here is my CustomListBox Code
class CustomListBox : ListBox
{
public CustomListBox()
{
this.SelectionChanged += CustomListBox_SelectionChanged;
}
void CustomListBox_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
ObservableCollection<MyItem> tempList = new ObservableCollection<MyItem>();
foreach (MyItem i in this.SelectedItems)
{
tempList.Add(i);
}
this.SelectedItemsList = tempList;
}
#region SelectedItemsList
public ObservableCollection<MyItem> SelectedItemsList
{
get { return (ObservableCollection<MyItem>)GetValue(SelectedItemsListProperty); }
set { SetValue(SelectedItemsListProperty, value); }
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty SelectedItemsListProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("SelectedItemsList", typeof(ObservableCollection<MyItem>), typeof(CustomListBox),
new PropertyMetadata(new ObservableCollection<MyItem>(), new PropertyChangedCallback(OnSelectionChanged)));
public static void OnSelectionChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
CustomListBox clb = d as CustomListBox;
var selectedItems = e.NewValue as ObservableCollection<MyItem>;
if (selectedItems != null)
{
clb.SetSelectedItems(selectedItems);
}
}
#endregion
}
The XAML Binding in my window
<local:CustomListBox Height="500" Width="200" x:Name="listview" Margin="0,40,0,0" ItemsSource="{Binding MyItemsList}"
Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" TabIndex="50"
SelectionMode="Multiple" SelectedItemsList="{Binding SelectedMyItems, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" >
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=MyString}" />
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
</local:CustomListBox>
And my ViewModel
class MyViewModel : ViewModelBase
{
public MyViewModel()
{
this.SelectChangeMyItemsCommand = new BaseCommand(new Action(SelectChangeMyItems));
}
private ObservableCollection<MyItem> selectedMyItems = null;
public ObservableCollection<MyItem> SelectedMyItems
{
get
{
if (selectedMyItems == null)
{
selectedMyItems = new ObservableCollection<MyItem>();
}
return selectedMyItems;
}
set
{
selectedMyItems = value;
OnPropertyChanged("SelectedMyItems");
}
}
private ObservableCollection<MyItem> myItemsList = null;
public ObservableCollection<MyItem> MyItemsList
{
get
{
if (myItemsList == null)
{
MyItemsRefresh();
}
return myItemsList;
}
set
{
myItemsList = value;
OnPropertyChanged("MyItemsList");
}
}
public void MyItemsRefresh()
{
ObservableCollection<MyItem> tempMyList = new ObservableCollection<MyItem>();
tempMyList.Add(new MyItem("Angry Apple"));
tempMyList.Add(new MyItem("Big Bird"));
tempMyList.Add(new MyItem("Candy Cane"));
tempMyList.Add(new MyItem("Daring Dart"));
MyItemsList = tempMyList;
}
private static bool iseven = true;
public ICommand SelectChangeMyItemsCommand { get; private set; }
public void SelectChangeMyItems()
{
ObservableCollection<MyItem> items = new ObservableCollection<MyItem>();
for(int i = 0; i < myItemsList.Count; i++)
{
if (iseven && IsEven(i))
{
items.Add(MyItemsList[i]);
}
else if (!iseven && !IsEven(i))
{
items.Add(MyItemsList[i]);
}
}
this.SelectedMyItems = items;
iseven = !iseven;
}
public static bool IsEven(int value)
{
return value % 2 == 0;
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Officer Jon Crowder with the North Little Rock Police Department was arrested and charged with misdemeanor Battery 3rd.
NORTH LITTLE ROCK, Ark. — On Thursday, June 27, Officer Jon Crowder with the North Little Rock Police Department was arrested and charged with misdemeanor battery for his actions stemming from a call for service that occurred August 27, 2018, according to the department.
According to an arrest affidavit, during this interaction and arrest, Officer Crowder utilized a level of force which resulted in injuries to a subject who was arrested on felony charges.
While conducting his law enforcement duties, Crowder responded to the SuperStay Motel at on West Pershing Boulevard to assist another officer on a call.
The initial responding officer stated over the radio a male suspect involved in the incident was attempting to leave in a blue car.
The dash cam video from Crowder's patrol car shows him conducting a traffic stop on a blue vehicle at the entrance of West Pershing location. Crowder had the male suspect step out of the vehicle and move to the rear of the car. Crowder then placed the suspect's hands behind his back, with the assistance of another responding officer, and was able to place him in handcuffs.
During the course of the arrest, the dash camera video shows Crowder lift the man's arms up behind his back, pinning his torso to the car. Crowder then transported the man to the North Little Rock Police Department Detective Division.
While at the station, the suspect complained of a pain in his arms and was transported by another officer to Baptist Health Spring Hill Emergency Room where he was diagnosed as having mildly displaced features of the ulna bone in both elbow joints.
After this encounter, a Subject Control file was created per departmental policy and reviewed by supervisory personnel. It was determined that policy violations occurred and resulted in disciplinary action being taken against Crowder.
Crowder was suspended for a period of 30 days starting on October 25, 2018.
Upon reviewing the initial felony case file for the arrested subject, the Pulaski County Prosecutors Office found that the officer’s actions while affecting the arrest rose to a criminal level. The Office of the Chief of Police was notified that the Pulaski County Prosecutor would be seeking charges against the officer.
Upon learning this information, Crowder was immediately removed from patrol and placed on modified duty. A criminal investigation was initiated and an affidavit was completed and submitted to the Pulaski County Prosecutor on Wednesday, June 26, 2019 at which time, an arrest warrant was issued for misdemeanor Battery 3rd.
The warrant has since been served. Crowder was charged through the Pulaski County District Court.
Chief Mike Davis has provided the following statement regarding the incident: | {
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} |
Tim Hortons wants you to know that it did not sell any aspect of its closely-guarded coffee recipe – including its supplier, blends and beans – to its competitor, McDonald’s.
“I don’t know why this story originated, or how it grew the way it did, but I can 100 per cent confirm that it is a myth,” Mike Hancock, Tim Hortons chief operating officer, said in an interview with Yahoo Finance Canada this week. In fact, he says, there are just three employees in the company that actually know the formula for blending and roasting the Tim Hortons coffee that goes into a double-double.
“Our coffee recipe is the most valuable asset in the entire company,” Hancock said. “We have not sold or shared any part of our coffee business with any competitor.”
While it is certainly still known for its coffee and doughnuts, Tim Hortons has been busy rolling out a wide range of menu innovations that are distinct from its traditional product lineup, including everything from Beyond Meat burgers to chicken fingers. It also recently opened up a contemporary “innovation cafe” that offers espresso drinks, draft lattes on tap, cold brews and pour overs.
But coffee is still the focus, Hancock says, and customers should expect more coffee-centric initiatives from the restaurant chain going forward.
“All the initiatives that you’re seeing right now and that you’re going to see continue over the next year are really focusing on coffee,” Hancock said.
“You’re going to see us doing more and more initiatives as time goes that that is going to make it very clear that our core product and core offering is coffee. We believe we have the best quality coffee in the whole industry and we’re going to make sure that we can serve it consistently.”
View photos Kevin West, head of coffee excellence at Tim Hortons for 20 years, is pictured at the company's coffee roastery in Ancaster, Ont. (Sally Nicholls) More
One of those initiatives is the introduction of Tims FreshBrewer Technology, which the chain says will ensure that every cup of Tim Hortons coffee is served consistently.
“When you serve as much (coffee) as we do, there’s sometimes mistakes in restaurants,” Kevin West, Tim Hortons’ head of coffee excellence, said in an interview.
“This new brewing technology really allows us to control temperature and allows us to control different water pressure... It’s really geared towards allowing us to deliver over the 1,000 cups of coffee that we sell every day in our restaurants.”
Communication about Beyond Meat a challenge
At the same time, Tim Hortons has rolled back one of its new – and arguably most-hyped about – menu innovations. The company confirmed last week that it will be pulling its Beyond Meat burger and Beyond Meat breakfast sandwiches from locations in all provinces, except Ontario and British Columbia.
“It was never intended to be a permanent menu item, like a lot of menu items you may have seen introduced over the summer,” Hancock said. “But we had overwhelming demand and success both from our guests and our franchise offers in those markets, so we extended the offering.”
Hancock said while adding Beyond Meat products was a fairly seamless process in terms of production, the biggest challenge was communicating what the new product was to customers.
“When we actually launched nationally, there was some education required. Folks came in with questions of, is this meat? Is this not meat? Why is it called Beyond Meat?” Hancock said.
View photos Tim Hortons is now offering new Beyond Burgers at nearly 4,000 restaurants nationwide (CNW Group/Tim Hortons) More
Hancock said the Beyond Meat burger and breakfast sandwiches are still not considered a permanent menu options in Ontario and B.C., and that the company would still consider bringing the product back to other locations.
Story continues | {
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} |
New Touch Screen Digitizer Glass For Blackberry Torch 9800
Touch Screen Digitizer for Blackberry Torch 9800 Description:This Touch Screen Digitizer for Blackberry Torch 9800 is made of high quality and durable material for long time use. It can protect your phone very well. It is used to cure display problems, dead pixels, cracked LCD screens, wrong color issues.
Features:1. New and never used, please bid with confidence2. It is used to repair faulty screen, this will also cure: display problems, dead pixels, cracked LCD screens, wrong color issues3. Each screen is tested before shipping and working4. It is fits for all the models listed below5. You will get 1 pry tool and 1 T6 screwdriver for free.6. If there is any question, please feel free to contact our service department. Our pleasure to serve you | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Promoting nursing's health care agenda through collaboration.
Hawken, NLN's President, and Hillestad, confirm the wave of nursing practice and education collaboration that has grown over the last decade. They describe the movement of one school and its related practice settings in achieving true colleagueship within the nursing community. Goals of practice and education, once seen as separate if not conflicting, are seen to be coming together in this era. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
SetUp and TearDown for entire run in Nunit?
I want to use NUnit to run GUI / integration tests.
What I would like to do is to initialize some custom reporting (from GUI-testing framework we use) before all tests and to run export of the reports after the whole suite has been run.
Is there some "super" setup method or practice to solve this problem?
I thought about running a special "TestFixture" before and after all other tests, but that is quite poor idea.
Another way would be to run some scripts afterwards but that doesn't solve the problem with pre-run initialization of logging.
A:
You can use the [SetUpFixture] attribute to instantiate a class before all tests are run. The constructor of this class will be called first. If this class implements IDisposable, then the Dispose method will be called after all tests are run.
Here's an example:
[SetUpFixture]
public class IntegrationSetUpFixture : IDisposable
{
public IntegrationSetUpFixture()
{
// runs before all tests
}
public void Dispose()
{
// runs after all tests
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Pinto Mountain
Pinto Mountain is a summit, north of Round Valley, within the Mojave National Preserve, in San Bernardino County, California. Its summit rises to an elevation of .
References
Category:Mojave National Preserve
Category:Mountains of California
Category:Mountains of the Mojave Desert
Category:Mountains of San Bernardino County, California | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Want to submit to another community? Pick it from the list above.
-- Select a category -- Commodore 64/128 Web Sites Commodore 64/128 Forums Commodore Computer Clubs 8/16bit Commodore 8bit Cloud Services Commodore 64/128 NewsGroups / IRC Channels Commodore Blog's Web Sites For Programming The C64 - Assemblers - Etc Web Sites Featuring Commodore 8bit Projects - Etc C64 Charts and Internet Radio Commodore Vic20/16/64/128/Etc Emulators Commodore vic20/16 & Other 8bits Sites Commodore Telnet BBS Commodore 64/128 Music - Sounds Sites & Forums Commodore 64/128 Help & Support Your Personal Commodore Web Sites Commodore 64/128 International Web Sites & Forums Game Info - Packaging & Instruction Retro Computer & Gaming Shopping Sites Computer 8/16bit Events Site's Old & Upcoming Commodore Magazines & Infos Commodore 64/128 Files - Utils Etc youtube Commodore 64/128 Games Site Commodore 64/128 FTP, Hacks, Crackers, Downloads Etc. Commodore 64/128 Projects Sites Commodore 64/128 eBay | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Spanish Institute of Actuaries
The Spanish Institute of Actuaries () is the public law corporation for actuaries in Spain. It was officially founded on 8 January 1959. The Institute is a full member of the International Actuarial Association, the Actuarial Association of Europe, the CERA Global Association, and Unión Profesional. It has 1,700 fully qualified members. The Spanish Institute of Actuaries is under the supervision of the Spanish insurance and pension plans authority (Dirección General de Seguros y Fondos de Pensiones).
External links
Category:Actuarial associations
Category:Professional associations based in Spain | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Growth stimulating activity produced by human bladder cancer cells.
Growth promoting properties have been identified in the conditioned serum-free medium from cultures of the human transitional cell carcinoma cell line 647V. This activity appears to reside in a molecule of more than 5000 MW. The factor responsible for 647V growth is distinguished from epidermal growth factor, since it fails to inhibit the specific binding of epidermal growth factor by 647V cells, and 647V cells are not stimulated to grow by epidermal growth factor. It also does not appear to be an insulin-like growth factor-like molecule since it fails to competitively bind with human insulin-like growth factor-carrier protein. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Tapu ae
Tapu ae (also known as Tapuwai and Tapuwae) is a traditional Māori ball game. It is an adaptation of ki-o-rahi to a court game, and was formalised about 1900. Today it is played on a hard surface such as a netball court. The court consists of two sides where players pass the ball aiming to knock the block in the middle of the two sides over.
References
Category:Māori culture
Category:Māori words and phrases
Category:Māori sport
Category:Ball games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
---
address:
- 'Army Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Science Division, Lightweight and Specialty Metals Branch, APG, MD 21014'
- 'Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762'
- 'Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433'
- 'School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287'
author:
- 'M. A. Tschopp'
- 'J. D. Miller'
- 'A. L. Oppedal'
- 'K. N. Solanki'
title: 'Characterizing the local primary dendrite arm spacing in directionally-solidified dendritic microstructures'
---
Introduction
============
Developing an enhanced understanding of mechanical behavior in materials relies upon sufficiently characterizing microstructure details at the relevant length scales that contribute to this behavior. Moreover, to truly enhance the predictive capability of processing-structure-property models that aim to improve material performance requires a quantitative stereological description of the relevant microstructure features and, thereby, the material itself. Predictive models that effectively capture the linkage between processing and properties (through microstructure) can be utilized within an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approach to design materials and accelerate their insertion into application.
The focus of the present work is on single crystal nickel-based superalloys, which are used in turbine blades within the high temperature section of the modern turbine engine [@Ree2006; @Pol2006]. In single crystal nickel-based superalloys, there are a number of length scales of microstructure that contribute to mechanical behavior, ranging from the $\gamma^\prime$ precipitates to pores and eutectic particles to the dendrites themselves. At the largest microstructure length scale in directionally-solidified single crystal microstructures, the features of interest are the dendrites; many features at lower length scales (e.g., eutectic particles, precipitates, etc.) or at similar scales (e.g., porosity, freckle defects, etc.) are strongly associated with the dendrite arm spacing and morphology [@Whi2001; @Ell2004; @Mel2005; @Lam2007; @Bru2012]. Historically, the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) has been found to correlate with processing (e.g., solidification rate) [@McC1981; @Hui2002; @Wan2003; @Mil2012; @Bru2011; @Bru2012] as well as with properties (e.g., creep strength, fatigue properties)[@Wil2008; @Lam2007]. For instance, Lamm and Singer [@Lam2007] produced single crystal nickel-based microstructures (PWA 1483) with a varied range of different dendrite arm spacings (250 $\mu$m to 600 $\mu$m) and found that decreasing the mean dendrite arm spacing was associated with an increased high-cycle fatigue life. The fatigue cracks were found to originate at shrinkage porosity and the largest pores correlated with a large PDAS.
The traditional approach for measuring primary dendrite arm spacing in single crystal metals, whereby the number of dendrite cores in a specified area is related to the dendrite arm spacing [@Fle1974; @Jac1976; @McC1981] is given by:
$$\lambda = c \sqrt{\frac{A}{n}}
\label{lambda}$$
where $\lambda$ is primary dendrite arm spacing, $A$ is the area analyzed, $n$ is the number of dendrites, and $c$ is a coefficient that depends on the microstructure. McCartney and Hunt [@McC1981] showed that $c=0.5$ for a random array of points, $c=1$ for a square array of points, and $c=1.075$ for a hexagonal array of points; they had to apply a correction for the bulk dendrite arm spacing $\lambda$ as processing conditions caused a change in the local environment of the dendrites. However, this approach is insufficient for capturing local arm spacings or the dendrite arm spacing distribution, and may provide problems with complex geometries such as turbine blades. In fact, part of the motivation for quantifying the local PDAS is that a narrow distribution (i.e., low standard deviation) of local PDAS values may result in a more homogeneous distribution of interdendritic microstructure features and, more importantly, a narrow distribution of mechanical properties.
The research objective herein is to evaluate the capability of some recent approaches, as well as some modified versions of these approaches, for characterizing the local dendrite arm spacing within experimental dendritic microstructures. In this work, an experimental dendritic microstructure is used for this analysis along with three different techniques that are based on the nearest neighbor spacing and/or a Voronoi tessellation of the dendrite cores. Comparison of existing and new metrics with traditional primary dendrite arm spacing metrics is discussed for both local and global measures. The current methods investigated supply statistical information of local spacing and coordination number while introducing a technique for addressing edge effects and examining the parameter sensitivity of these different methods. In comparison to previous work [@Tsc2013], this work introduces and compares the statistical distributions of local dendrite arm spacings for the four methods, for a more quantitative analysis. It was found that augmenting existing techniques with Voronoi tesselations to define the subset of first nearest neighbors or refining existing Voronoi-based techniques resulted in a more physical description of the local dendrite arm spacing. Moreover, for certain cases, the mean local dendrite statistics can adequately approximate the PDAS found with the traditional bulk characterization technique (Eq. \[lambda\]).
Methodology
===========
The approach utilized herein to measure the local dendrite arm spacing is based on a Voronoi tessellation of the spatial array of dendrite cores. The following analysis techniques were implemented in MATLAB R2012a (The MathWorks, Inc.). To illustrate how the present method works and differs from some other published methods, we generated a synthetic 5x5 cubic pattern of points with a small degree of noise (100% noise fraction, 0.20$a_0$ noise fraction \[2\]), as shown in Figure \[5x5\] [@Tsc2013]. For the purposes of describing several different methods shown in Figure \[various\_methods\], this synthetic pattern of points can be considered as the cores of primary dendrites.
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot). (a) Initial 5 x 5 cubic pattern with noise fraction of 100% and noise level of 0.20$a_0$. (b) The Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$. The inner circle represents the average spacing, $d_{avg}$, of these neighbors and the outer circle represents the cutoff for adding the next neighbor, $d_{avg} + \alpha d_{std}$. (c) Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points. The potential first nearest neighbors are identified through shared vertices with each point. (d) The modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, whereby the neighbors are restricted to only those identified using the Voronoi tesselation. (e) Using only shared vertices (and connecting lines forming a polygon) of the Voronoi tesselation to identify the nearest neighbors ($d_{crit}=0.0$). (f) Modified tesselation-based technique whereby the nearest neighbors are identified as those with line lengths above a critical threshold fraction of the total perimeter line length $d_{crit}=0.10$ of the tesselated polygon for the point (Reprinted from [@Tsc2013]).[]{data-label="various_methods"}](Figure_1a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot). (a) Initial 5 x 5 cubic pattern with noise fraction of 100% and noise level of 0.20$a_0$. (b) The Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$. The inner circle represents the average spacing, $d_{avg}$, of these neighbors and the outer circle represents the cutoff for adding the next neighbor, $d_{avg} + \alpha d_{std}$. (c) Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points. The potential first nearest neighbors are identified through shared vertices with each point. (d) The modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, whereby the neighbors are restricted to only those identified using the Voronoi tesselation. (e) Using only shared vertices (and connecting lines forming a polygon) of the Voronoi tesselation to identify the nearest neighbors ($d_{crit}=0.0$). (f) Modified tesselation-based technique whereby the nearest neighbors are identified as those with line lengths above a critical threshold fraction of the total perimeter line length $d_{crit}=0.10$ of the tesselated polygon for the point (Reprinted from [@Tsc2013]).[]{data-label="various_methods"}](Figure_1b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot). (a) Initial 5 x 5 cubic pattern with noise fraction of 100% and noise level of 0.20$a_0$. (b) The Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$. The inner circle represents the average spacing, $d_{avg}$, of these neighbors and the outer circle represents the cutoff for adding the next neighbor, $d_{avg} + \alpha d_{std}$. (c) Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points. The potential first nearest neighbors are identified through shared vertices with each point. (d) The modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, whereby the neighbors are restricted to only those identified using the Voronoi tesselation. (e) Using only shared vertices (and connecting lines forming a polygon) of the Voronoi tesselation to identify the nearest neighbors ($d_{crit}=0.0$). (f) Modified tesselation-based technique whereby the nearest neighbors are identified as those with line lengths above a critical threshold fraction of the total perimeter line length $d_{crit}=0.10$ of the tesselated polygon for the point (Reprinted from [@Tsc2013]).[]{data-label="various_methods"}](Figure_1c "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
\
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot). (a) Initial 5 x 5 cubic pattern with noise fraction of 100% and noise level of 0.20$a_0$. (b) The Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$. The inner circle represents the average spacing, $d_{avg}$, of these neighbors and the outer circle represents the cutoff for adding the next neighbor, $d_{avg} + \alpha d_{std}$. (c) Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points. The potential first nearest neighbors are identified through shared vertices with each point. (d) The modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, whereby the neighbors are restricted to only those identified using the Voronoi tesselation. (e) Using only shared vertices (and connecting lines forming a polygon) of the Voronoi tesselation to identify the nearest neighbors ($d_{crit}=0.0$). (f) Modified tesselation-based technique whereby the nearest neighbors are identified as those with line lengths above a critical threshold fraction of the total perimeter line length $d_{crit}=0.10$ of the tesselated polygon for the point (Reprinted from [@Tsc2013]).[]{data-label="various_methods"}](Figure_1d "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot). (a) Initial 5 x 5 cubic pattern with noise fraction of 100% and noise level of 0.20$a_0$. (b) The Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$. The inner circle represents the average spacing, $d_{avg}$, of these neighbors and the outer circle represents the cutoff for adding the next neighbor, $d_{avg} + \alpha d_{std}$. (c) Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points. The potential first nearest neighbors are identified through shared vertices with each point. (d) The modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, whereby the neighbors are restricted to only those identified using the Voronoi tesselation. (e) Using only shared vertices (and connecting lines forming a polygon) of the Voronoi tesselation to identify the nearest neighbors ($d_{crit}=0.0$). (f) Modified tesselation-based technique whereby the nearest neighbors are identified as those with line lengths above a critical threshold fraction of the total perimeter line length $d_{crit}=0.10$ of the tesselated polygon for the point (Reprinted from [@Tsc2013]).[]{data-label="various_methods"}](Figure_1e "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot). (a) Initial 5 x 5 cubic pattern with noise fraction of 100% and noise level of 0.20$a_0$. (b) The Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$. The inner circle represents the average spacing, $d_{avg}$, of these neighbors and the outer circle represents the cutoff for adding the next neighbor, $d_{avg} + \alpha d_{std}$. (c) Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points. The potential first nearest neighbors are identified through shared vertices with each point. (d) The modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, whereby the neighbors are restricted to only those identified using the Voronoi tesselation. (e) Using only shared vertices (and connecting lines forming a polygon) of the Voronoi tesselation to identify the nearest neighbors ($d_{crit}=0.0$). (f) Modified tesselation-based technique whereby the nearest neighbors are identified as those with line lengths above a critical threshold fraction of the total perimeter line length $d_{crit}=0.10$ of the tesselated polygon for the point (Reprinted from [@Tsc2013]).[]{data-label="various_methods"}](Figure_1f "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
One such method for measuring the local dendrite arm spacing is the Warnken–Reed method [@War2011; @War2011a]. The Warnken–Reed method calculates the dendrite arm spacing for a single point (black dot) by starting with an initial number of nearest neighbors (3 closest neighbors) and iteratively adding potential nearest neighbors that are within a cutoff distance defined by the already-added nearest neighbors. For instance, the inner circle in Figure \[inner\_circle\] represents the average spacing, $d_{avg}$, of these neighbors and the outer circle represents the cutoff for adding the next neighbor, $d_{avg} + \alpha d_{std}$, where $d_{std}$ is the standard deviation of the nearest neighbor spacings and $\alpha$ is a parameter that is typically between 1 and 2. Neighbors continue to be added until the cutoff does not include any new neighbors. The local coordination number and dendrite arm spacing is calculated from the neighbors added (shown as red dots). However, if the standard deviation of the distances of the nearest neighbors $d_{std}$ or the parameter $\alpha$ is large, this technique can continue to add nearest neighbors beyond the first nearest neighbors; our implementation stopped after 20 nearest neighbors. Clearly, a method for restricting the number of nearest neighbors using such a technique is necessary.
A simple way of identifying the potential first nearest neighbors is to perform a Voronoi tessellation of the space surrounding the points, as shown in Figure \[voronoi\_tesselation\]. The polygon edges are equidistant between the points contained in the two adjacent polygons and the triple points (merging of three lines) are equidistant between the points contained in the three adjacent polygons. Therefore, the first nearest neighbors (FNNs, shown as open circles in Fig. \[voronoi\_tesselation\]) correspond to the edges of the central polygon (that contains the black dot). This subset of points is the maximum number of nearest neighbors that the central point can have.
In this manner, several techniques have been identified to quantify a local dendrite arm spacing based on the Voronoi-identified FNNs [@Tsc2013]. For instance, the Voronoi Warnken–Reed method (Figure \[mod\_warnken\_reed\]) only includes the Voronoi FNNs as potential nearest neighbors and cannot expand beyond these, alleviating a potential problem of selecting second nearest neighbors or greater. Another method using the Voronoi FNNs is to consider all of these potential nearest neighbors as nearest neighbors (Figure \[nearest\_neighbor\]), as in Brundidge et al. [@Bru2011]. Unfortunately, this approach is sensitive to small perturbations in the spatial positions of the neighbors. For instance, if the lower right hand neighbor in Figure \[nearest\_neighbor\] moves away from the central point, it no longer shares an edge with the polygon containing the black dot; in this scenario, the two adjacent polygons on either side effectively “pinch” off this neighbor. This scenario, however, has a physical basis as these two dendrite cores mainly compete with the central core, and the lower right core has a much less prominent effect on the central core. The last method, which is examined in the present paper, utilizes a criterion based on the edge lengths of the Voronoi polygon. In Figure \[mod\_tesselation\], those neighbors with edge lengths less than a critical fraction, $d_{crit}$, of the total polygon perimeter are excluded as nearest neighbors (e.g., 10% in Figure \[mod\_tesselation\]). In the present study, the local dendrite arm spacing statistics are evaluated using these four techniques: Warnken–Reed, Voronoi Warnken–Reed, and the Voronoi technique with ($d_{crit}>0$) and without ($d_{crit}=0$) a line length threshold.
As an example of a more disordered structure, Figure \[various\_methods2\] plots the four different methods for a different configuration of surrounding points (dendrite cores). In Figure \[inner\_circle2\], the iterative Warnken–Reed method continues to non-physically add neighbors beyond the first nearest neighbors due to a large initial $d_{std}$ value from the initial three distances. The Voronoi-modified version in Figure \[mod\_warnken\_reed2\] stops at four nearest neighbors despite the fact that several points lie within the outer boundary computed by this method. The Voronoi method with $d_{crit}=0.0$ clearly overestimates the number of nearest neighbors, while the four nearest neighbors identified through $d_{crit}=0.10$ (Figure \[mod\_tesselation2\]) perhaps offers a better approximation of the number of nearest neighbors. Interestingly, comparing the methods in Figure \[mod\_warnken\_reed2\] and \[mod\_tesselation2\], the coordination number is the same, but the nearest neighbors identified is different. This is due to the Warnken–Reed method being a distance-based method, and identifying the four closest neighbors, while the modified Voronoi technique is based on the edge lengths of the Voronoi polygon, and hence utilizes this to identify nearest neighbors (which may not be the closest neighbors).
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot) with a distorted local environment. Parts (a)-(f) are as Figure 1: (a) initial pattern, (b) the Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$, (c) the Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points, (d) the Voronoi-modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, (e) the Voronoi method ($d_{crit}=0.0$), and (f) the modified tesselation-based technique with $d_{crit}=0.10$.[]{data-label="various_methods2"}](Figure_2a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot) with a distorted local environment. Parts (a)-(f) are as Figure 1: (a) initial pattern, (b) the Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$, (c) the Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points, (d) the Voronoi-modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, (e) the Voronoi method ($d_{crit}=0.0$), and (f) the modified tesselation-based technique with $d_{crit}=0.10$.[]{data-label="various_methods2"}](Figure_2b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot) with a distorted local environment. Parts (a)-(f) are as Figure 1: (a) initial pattern, (b) the Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$, (c) the Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points, (d) the Voronoi-modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, (e) the Voronoi method ($d_{crit}=0.0$), and (f) the modified tesselation-based technique with $d_{crit}=0.10$.[]{data-label="various_methods2"}](Figure_2c "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
\
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot) with a distorted local environment. Parts (a)-(f) are as Figure 1: (a) initial pattern, (b) the Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$, (c) the Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points, (d) the Voronoi-modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, (e) the Voronoi method ($d_{crit}=0.0$), and (f) the modified tesselation-based technique with $d_{crit}=0.10$.[]{data-label="various_methods2"}](Figure_2d "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot) with a distorted local environment. Parts (a)-(f) are as Figure 1: (a) initial pattern, (b) the Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$, (c) the Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points, (d) the Voronoi-modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, (e) the Voronoi method ($d_{crit}=0.0$), and (f) the modified tesselation-based technique with $d_{crit}=0.10$.[]{data-label="various_methods2"}](Figure_2e "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.3]{} ![The difference between various methods for defining the nearest neighbors (red dots) and their spacing for a single point (large black dot) with a distorted local environment. Parts (a)-(f) are as Figure 1: (a) initial pattern, (b) the Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha$ = 1.5 and $k_{initial} = 3$, (c) the Voronoi tesselation diagram for the points, (d) the Voronoi-modified Warnken–Reed method with $\alpha = 1.5$ and $k_{initial} = 3$, (e) the Voronoi method ($d_{crit}=0.0$), and (f) the modified tesselation-based technique with $d_{crit}=0.10$.[]{data-label="various_methods2"}](Figure_2f "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
The traditional PDAS metric does not consider the order or disorder of the dendrites within the microstructure. Figure \[various\_methods2\] illustrates why a local metric for PDAS may be needed. For the field of view given in Figs. \[5x5\] and \[5x52\], the bulk PDAS metric would be the same since the number of dendrites $n$ and the area $A$ are equal (see Eq. \[lambda\]). However, the disorder of the dendritic structure in the case of Fig. \[various\_methods2\] may yield (i) a more uneven distribution of solute elements, (ii) the formation of second phase particles, (iii) the formation of gas or shrinkage porosity, or (iv) the lateral growth of secondary dendrite arms. Hence, in addition to the bulk PDAS values, understanding how processing conditions may impact the disorder of the dendritic structure may be important for understanding the properties of directionally-solidified alloys.
Other techniques exist for quantifying the homogeneity or heterogeneity of primary dendrite arm spacing in directionally-solidified dendritic microstructures. For instance, the minimal spanning tree (MST) method [@Dus1986] provides a statistical analysis of the disorder in a system of points by connecting all points with the shortest line segments possible. In this manner, the mean distance of all line segments ($m$) and the standard deviation ($\sigma$) characterize the disorder of the system and casting these values into a $m$-$\sigma$ design space allows for comparison between different point systems [@Dus1986]. This has been effectively applied to characterize the mean dendrite arm spacing, PDAS distribution, and the disorder in first Pb-Tl alloys [@Bil1991] and subsequently in other alloy systems [e.g., @Tew2002; @Hui2002; @Pen2013]. As an example of this technique, Figure \[MST\] plots the dendrite cores and connecting line segments for the single crystal nickel-based superalloy micrograph used in this study (Figure \[sx\_nickel\]). Moreover, other methods such as radial distribution functions, fast Fourier transforms, and/or correlation functions can also be used to characterize the dendrite arm spacing distribution. However, it should be noted that these approaches are not intended for local characterization of the dendrite arm spacing and are not as effective for correlating the local spacing with local microstructure features as shown herein. Moreover, these techniques do not quantify the number of nearest neighbors and are often coupled with Voronoi polygons to compute the nearest neighbor distributions. Rather, these analysis methods are more effective at characterizing and comparing the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the dendritic structure between different processing conditions. Hence, there will be limited discussion of these techniques in the present work.
Results
=======
Application to dendritic microstructure
---------------------------------------
A micrograph of a directionally-solidified single crystal nickel-based superalloy microstructure that is polished and imaged perpendicular to the solidification direction is shown in Figure \[sx\_nickel\]. This microstructure was produced using the liquid metal cooling technique, as described in Miller [@Mil2011] and Elliott et al. [@Ell2004]. First, the dendrite cores were identified manually (white and black dots). Automated methods to identify dendrite cores can be invaluable for future large scale analysis [@Tsc2010a; @Tsc2010b]. Moreover, the white particles in this image are eutectic particles. A total of 393 dendrite cores are contained in this image over an area of 24.25 mm$^2$, giving a PDAS of 248.4 $\mu$m using $c=1$ (Equation \[lambda\]). The remainder of the analysis uses this micrograph as a template for characterizing the local dendrite arm spacing.
Accounting for image/part edge effects
--------------------------------------
The ability to handle edge effects when computing local dendrite arm spacings with dendrite cores is vital for quantifying statistics in thin sections, such as the wall of an airfoil blade that may only contain 1–3 dendrite cores across the section [e.g., @Tsc2010a; @Tsc2010b]. As a first example of one such a technique, we have used a convex hull of the dendrite cores in Figure \[sx\_nickel\] to identify “edge” dendrite cores and quantify the dendrite arm spacing. The dendrite core locations are first extracted from the experimental image, as shown in Figure \[sx\_nickel2\]. Then, a convex hull is generated around the points; this is the minimum “convex” area that contains all the points. Next, the edge points (white dots in Fig. \[sx\_nickel\]) are identified by finding those points with Voronoi vertices that lie outside of the convex hull (dotted blue line in Figure \[hulla\]). Then, to utilize Voronoi-based techniques for these points, a new polygon is generated by the intersection of the initial polygon from the Voronoi tessellation and the convex hull; the new polygon of the edge dendrite cores is colored red in \[hulla\] to distinguish from the bulk dendrite cores. The polygons belonging to the interior and edge dendrites are shown in Figures \[hullb\] and \[hullc\], with a random coloring scheme used to delineate the different polygons. Last, the neighbors can now be calculated using either a new criterion or the same criterion used for interior points. For the present analysis, the same criterion (polygon with edge length threshold) was used for all points; although herein the interior dendrite cores are used to compare statistics with other techniques and bulk PDAS values. More complicated techniques are needed to deal with complex geometries that include concave character and internal passages in order to eventually apply these techniques to complex structures such as turbine blades. Multiple instantiations of microstructures with edge effects can shed light on the appropriate method for determining the local PDAS at edges, which may be different from that used in the interior.
[0.75]{} ![(a) Voronoi tessellation of dendritic structure from Figure \[sx\_nickel\]. The dotted blue line (surrounding the points) denotes the convex hull of the dendrite cores and the red polygons delineate the cores that intersect the convex hull. The interior and edge dendrites are shown in (b) and (c), respectively, with each polygon colored differently as a guide to the eye.[]{data-label="sx_nickel2"}](Figure_5a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.475]{} ![(a) Voronoi tessellation of dendritic structure from Figure \[sx\_nickel\]. The dotted blue line (surrounding the points) denotes the convex hull of the dendrite cores and the red polygons delineate the cores that intersect the convex hull. The interior and edge dendrites are shown in (b) and (c), respectively, with each polygon colored differently as a guide to the eye.[]{data-label="sx_nickel2"}](Figure_5b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.475]{} ![(a) Voronoi tessellation of dendritic structure from Figure \[sx\_nickel\]. The dotted blue line (surrounding the points) denotes the convex hull of the dendrite cores and the red polygons delineate the cores that intersect the convex hull. The interior and edge dendrites are shown in (b) and (c), respectively, with each polygon colored differently as a guide to the eye.[]{data-label="sx_nickel2"}](Figure_5c "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
Spatial distribution of local primary dendrite arm spacings
-----------------------------------------------------------
[0.45]{} ![(a) Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) and (b) coordination number based on the Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.12 or 12%.[]{data-label="dendrite"}](Figure_6a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.45]{} ![(a) Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) and (b) coordination number based on the Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.12 or 12%.[]{data-label="dendrite"}](Figure_6b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
\
[0.45]{} ![(a) Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) and (b) coordination number based on the Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.12 or 12%.[]{data-label="dendrite"}](Figure_6c "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.45]{} ![(a) Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) and (b) coordination number based on the Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.12 or 12%.[]{data-label="dendrite"}](Figure_6d "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
The spatial distribution of local dendrite arm spacing and coordination number can provide insight into the order/disorder of primary dendrites and can identify regions that could potentially contain more/less interdendritic features and/or contain different properties. For instance, the primary dendrite arm spacing and coordination number for the directionally-solidified superalloy micrograph (Figure \[sx\_nickel\]) is shown in Figure \[dendrite\]. In this example, we used the Voronoi tessellation-based technique with an edge length threshold of $d_{crit} = 0.12$. Dendrite cores with local PDAS similar to the mean PDAS of the bulk (248.4 $\mu$m) are colored white and those with PDAS above (below) the mean PDAS are red (blue); the lower and upper bounds of the colorbar are -25% and +25% of the mean PDAS value, respectively. In general, the exterior dendrite cores have similar PDAS as the interior dendrite cores using this technique. A similar colorbar is used for the coordination number as well. As would be expected, the exterior dendrite cores tend to have a lower coordination number than the interior dendrite cores, with a few that only have 2 nearest neighbors. However, the dendrite cores with a low coordination number on the edges are not consistently over/under the mean PDAS (i.e., they do not significantly bias the statistics from the edge dendrite cores). Future work will examine what techniques may be most applicable for characterizing local dendrite arm spacings and coordination numbers for dendrite cores on free surfaces. It is envisioned that sectioning large numbers of instantiations of synthetically-generated microstructures of known bulk dendrite arm spacings can be used to understand the bias introduced by edge effects and to understand what are the best techniques for quantifying the local spacing.
[0.75]{} ![Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) for the three techniques not shown in Figure \[dendrite\]: (a) Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.0, (b) Warnken–Reed technique with $\alpha=2.0$, and (c) Voronoi Warnken-Reed with $\alpha=2.0$.[]{data-label="dendrite2"}](Figure_7a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
\
[0.45]{} ![Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) for the three techniques not shown in Figure \[dendrite\]: (a) Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.0, (b) Warnken–Reed technique with $\alpha=2.0$, and (c) Voronoi Warnken-Reed with $\alpha=2.0$.[]{data-label="dendrite2"}](Figure_7b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.45]{} ![Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) for the three techniques not shown in Figure \[dendrite\]: (a) Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.0, (b) Warnken–Reed technique with $\alpha=2.0$, and (c) Voronoi Warnken-Reed with $\alpha=2.0$.[]{data-label="dendrite2"}](Figure_7c "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.45]{} ![Local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) for the three techniques not shown in Figure \[dendrite\]: (a) Voronoi tessellation with edge length threshold of $d_{crit}$=0.0, (b) Warnken–Reed technique with $\alpha=2.0$, and (c) Voronoi Warnken-Reed with $\alpha=2.0$.[]{data-label="dendrite2"}](Figure_7d "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
The local dendrite arm spacing for the remaining three techniques is shown in Figure \[dendrite2\]. The same color bar for local PDAS as in Figure \[dendrite\] is used here. First, notice that the Voronoi tessellation-based technique with an edge length threshold of $d_{crit} = 0.0$ has a much larger fraction of dendrite cores with PDAS greater than the bulk PDAS than below the bulk PDAS (83.5% above 248.4 $\mu$m). Clearly, the local primary dendrite arm spacing is overpredicted in this case. The Warnken–Reed and Voronoi Warnken–Reed methods are shown in Figures \[wr\] and \[mwr\]. At first glance, a majority of the local PDAS values are very similar between the two methods ($\sim$79%). However, $\sim$21% of the cores resulted in a difference between the two techniques, which is caused by the original Warnken–Reed method using neighbors outside of those FNNs identified from the Voronoi polygons. In every case, the Warnken–Reed method resulted in higher local PDAS values than the Voronoi Warnken–Reed method, as would be expected since this is purely a distance-based method and subsequent additions can only increase the local PDAS.
[0.75]{} ![Difference in the local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) between the Warnken–Reed and Voronoi Warnken–Reed techniques with $\alpha=2.0$. The Warnken–Reed technique had a greater PDAS value in every case ($\sim$21% of dendrite cores are different).[]{data-label="dendrite3"}](Figure_8a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
\
[0.75]{} ![Difference in the local dendrite arm spacing ($\mu$m) between the Warnken–Reed and Voronoi Warnken–Reed techniques with $\alpha=2.0$. The Warnken–Reed technique had a greater PDAS value in every case ($\sim$21% of dendrite cores are different).[]{data-label="dendrite3"}](Figure_8b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
Figure \[dendrite3\] shows the difference in local PDAS values between the two techniques. In several cases, the difference is greater than 250 $\mu$m and/or 100% of the PDAS value quantified by the Voronoi Warnken-Reed method. The differing dendrite cores is approximately an equal percentage for edge dendrites as well as interior dendrite cores. For some cases, it is apparent that one of the closest three dendrite cores is significantly closer or further away than the other two, thereby resulting in a larger standard deviation $d_{std}$ and a greater chance to add multiple neighbors; this case is similar to that shown in Figure \[various\_methods2\].
Local primary dendrite arm spacing statistics
---------------------------------------------
The local dendrite arm spacing statistics are also calculated for the interior dendrite cores to compare with the traditional PDAS measurement. The cumulative distribution function plot for the local dendrite arm spacing is shown in Figure \[probability\] for the three different techniques over a range of parameter values, which are given in the legend. The bulk PDAS measurement is shown as a vertical black line and the hexagonal star shows the 50$^\textrm{th}$ percentile intersection point. The local dendrite arm spacing distributions are characterized in terms of mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis (Table \[table1\]), while the coordination number distributions are characterized in terms of their mean and the percentages of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7+ nearest neighbors (Table \[table2\]). The skewness and kurtosis measure the asymmetry of the distribution and the sharpness of the peak/thickness of the tail, respectively. The skewness and kurtosis are 0 and 3, respectively, for a normal distribution.
[0.45]{} ![Probability distribution functions for the various local characterization methods compared within for the internal dendrites within the dendritic microstructure shown in Figure \[sx\_nickel\]. The four different techniques are compared with the bulk PDAS for a range of parameter values. The upper bound of the parameter range for each technique is shown as a dotted line. To facilitate the comparison, the Warnken–Reed and the Voronoi technique ($d_{crit}=0.0$) are shown in (a), and the remaining Voronoi-modified techniques are shown in (b).[]{data-label="probability"}](Figure_9a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.45]{} ![Probability distribution functions for the various local characterization methods compared within for the internal dendrites within the dendritic microstructure shown in Figure \[sx\_nickel\]. The four different techniques are compared with the bulk PDAS for a range of parameter values. The upper bound of the parameter range for each technique is shown as a dotted line. To facilitate the comparison, the Warnken–Reed and the Voronoi technique ($d_{crit}=0.0$) are shown in (a), and the remaining Voronoi-modified techniques are shown in (b).[]{data-label="probability"}](Figure_9b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
There are distinct differences between the local dendrite arm spacing distributions calculated by the four techniques (Figure \[probability\], Tables \[table1\]). The Warnken–Reed and Voronoi Warnken–Reed are compared initially. In the case of the Warnken–Reed method, the PDAS distribution is shifted towards large PDAS values at high $\alpha$ values (a positive skewness value gives a long tail) and has a sharper peak and a longer, fatter tail (high kurtosis values), more so than the other methods. This skewness is caused by an overestimation of the number of nearest neighbors in some cases, due to large values of either $d_{std}$ or the parameter $\alpha$. Hence, while the calculated mean PDAS can approach the bulk-measured value of 248.4 $\mu$m (within 0.1% for $\alpha$=1.8), this mean PDAS is highly sensitive to these large PDAS values. This overprediction of nearest neighbors, and their result on the local PDAS distribution, is also apparent by comparing this with the Voronoi Warnken–Reed method, whereby the potential nearest neighbors are restricted to only those FNNs defined by the Voronoi polygon. In this case, there is a lack of a long tail and the skewness/kurtosis of the distribution tends more towards normality. However, the calculated mean PDAS with this method tends to underestimate the bulk-measured PDAS. While the maximum number of nearest neighbors (8 for $\alpha \ge 1.2$) is more realistic, a large percentage of dendrite cores are predicted to have only 3 nearest neighbors, even in the case of a large $\alpha$ parameter (48.6% for $\alpha =2.0$). It is also interesting that increasing the $\alpha$ parameter for the case of the Voronoi Warnken–Reed method tends to shift the slope of the probability distribution function without affecting either the minimum or maximum local dendrite arm spacings.
For comparison, the minimal spanning tree method (Fig. \[MST\]) was also included in Table \[table1\]. Not surprisingly, the mean distance of the connecting line segments is much shorter than the bulk calculated PDAS using Eq. \[lambda\] with $c=1$. Remember that the MST method is composed of the shortest line segments to connect all dendrites. Both the MST standard deviation and kurtosis values are larger than the Voronoi tesselation method (for all $d_{crit}$) and the Voronoi Warnken-Reed method (for all $\alpha$), indicating a wider distribution and a larger deviation of the distribution from normality (kurtosis = 3). Moreover, the distribution is skewed towards a larger tail at lower distances (negative skewness) unlike the other techniques, which again is associated with the selection of the shortest line segments to characterize the spacing.
[c c c . c cc]{} & &\
& & & & & &\
Bulk (Eq. \[lambda\], $c=1$) & - & 248.4 & 0.0 & - & - & -\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.00 & 272.9 & 9.9 & 28.0 & 0.1 & 3.3\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.02 & 270.0 & 8.7 & 27.2 & 0.1 & 3.2\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.04 & 266.4 & 7.2 & 26.8 & 0.1 & 3.1\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.06 & 263.0 & 5.9 & 25.7 & 0.1 & 3.1\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.08 & 258.4 & 4.0 & 26.1 & 0.2 & 3.1\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.10 & 253.3 & 2.0 & 25.3 & 0.2 & 3.0\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.12 & 247.6 & -0.3 & 26.0 & 0.2 & 2.9\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.0 & 230.0 & -7.4 & 25.0 & 0.4 & 3.5\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.2 & 230.9 & -7.0 & 26.0 & 0.4 & 3.4\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.4 & 232.7 & -6.3 & 27.4 & 0.4 & 3.2\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.6 & 236.1 & -5.0 & 29.5 & 0.4 & 3.1\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.8 & 239.0 & -3.8 & 30.5 & 0.4 & 3.0\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 2.0 & 242.2 & -2.5 & 31.8 & 0.3 & 3.0\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.0 & 230.1 & -7.4 & 25.1 & 0.3 & 3.4\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.2 & 231.8 & -6.7 & 26.9 & 0.5 & 3.5\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.4 & 234.5 & -5.6 & 29.4 & 0.6 & 3.8\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.6 & 239.2 & -3.7 & 33.0 & 0.8 & 4.0\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.8 & 248.1 & -0.1 & 48.1 & 1.9 & 8.3\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 2.0 & 259.2 & 4.3 & 64.2 & 1.9 & 6.5\
Minimal spanning tree & N/A & 215.2 & -13.4 & 34.1 & -0.5 & 4.8\
\[table1\]
The Voronoi tessellation techniques are also compared. First, quantifying the coordination number and the local PDAS values using all FNNs identified by the Voronoi tessellation polygons ($d_{crit}=0$) clearly overestimates both measures; mean PDAS is $\sim$10% off from the bulk-measured PDAS value and $\sim$20% of dendrite cores have more than 6 nearest neighbors. As the edge length threshold parameter increases, less nearest neighbors are identified and the calculated mean PDAS approaches the bulk-measured PDAS value (within 0.3% for $d_{crit}=0.12$). For $d_{crit}=0.12$, the majority of dendrite cores have 4 nearest neighbors ($>$50%), followed by 5 nearest neighbors (26.9%) and 3 nearest neighbors (17.3%). Moreover, the local PDAS distribution has a low skewness value (0.2) and a kurtosis of 2.9, indicating an approximately normal distribution. In general, the Voronoi tessellation-based technique with an edge length threshold criterion of $d_{crit}=0.12$ tends to give the best agreement in terms of both bulk-measured PDAS and coordination number. Furthermore, this technique allows for calculating the local PDAS value and the local PDAS distribution, which may be important for assessing the homogeneity of dendrite growth and/or for identifying local regions where the local growth conditions/properties are different from the norm.
[c c . . . . . c]{}
& & &\
& & & & & & &\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.00 & 0.0 & 2.5 & 20.4 & 57.3 & 19.8 & 5.98\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.02 & 0.0 & 4.0 & 26.0 & 57.0 & 13.0 & 5.80\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.04 & 0.0 & 7.4 & 34.7 & 51.4 & 6.5 & 5.57\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.06 & 0.0 & 11.8 & 45.2 & 39.9 & 3.1 & 5.35\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.08 & 1.5 & 24.1 & 49.2 & 24.8 & 0.3 & 4.98\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.10 & 5.3 & 43.0 & 41.5 & 10.2 & 0.0 & 4.57\
Voronoi Tesselation & $d_{crit}$ = 0.12 & 17.3 & 52.3 & 26.9 & 3.4 & 0.0 & 4.16\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.0 & 94.1 & 4.6 & 0.9 & 0.0 & 0.3 & 3.08\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.2 & 87.6 & 8.7 & 2.8 & 0.3 & 0.6 & 3.18\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.4 & 79.3 & 11.8 & 5.3 & 2.5 & 1.2 & 3.35\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.6 & 65.9 & 18.0 & 8.0 & 5.3 & 2.8 & 3.62\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.8 & 56.3 & 19.8 & 12.1 & 8.4 & 3.4 & 3.84\
Voronoi Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 2.0 & 48.6 & 19.8 & 14.9 & 11.5 & 5.3 & 4.07\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.0 & 91.6 & 7.1 & 0.9 & 0.0 & 0.3 & 3.10\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.2 & 83.9 & 9.6 & 4.0 & 1.2 & 1.2 & 3.27\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.4 & 72.8 & 14.6 & 7.1 & 2.8 & 2.8 & 3.52\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.6 & 58.5 & 21.7 & 9.0 & 4.0 & 6.8 & 3.89\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 1.8 & 52.0 & 19.2 & 10.8 & 6.2 & 11.8 & 4.63\
Warnken–Reed & $\alpha$ = 2.0 & 44.0 & 19.2 & 12.1 & 7.1 & 17.6 & 5.55\
\[table2\]
Correlation with interdendritic features
----------------------------------------
The relationship between the occurrence of interdendritic features (e.g., pores or eutectic particles) and the local dendrite arm spacing (or distance from cores, etc.) can provide insight into the importance of quantifying the local spacings. We have examined how these metrics may relate to the formation of eutectic particles in this work by first segmenting the interdendritic particles and then computing probability distribution functions.
The eutectic particles in Figure \[sx\_nickel\] were segmented using the following process. The particles were segmented by first leveling the intensity of the micrograph using a cubic polynomial with interaction terms. This step ensured that there wasn’t a shift in contrast from one side of the micrograph to the other (due to uneven etching, etc.). The threshold intensity was then selected by maximizing the difference in the mean intensity between the two distributions (eutectic particle and matrix). Then, a size threshold was enforced by discarding eutectic particles with less than 5 pixels (1 pixel $\sim{1.7}$ $\mu$m, i.e., 5 pixels = $15.2$ $\mu$m$^2$). As an example of the segmentation, Figure \[subimages\_a\] shows a 1 mm x 1 mm region from Figure \[sx\_nickel\] and Figure \[subimages\_b\] shows the corresponding binary image of the segmented eutectic particles (in white).
The Euclidean distance to the nearest dendrite core and the nearest Voronoi vertex was then calculated for each pixel within the micrograph. The Euclidean distance is the distance from each pixel to the nearest feature, which in this case is either the centroids of the dendrite cores or the Voronoi vertices, and this metric is repeated over all pixels within the image to create a map. As an example, Figure \[subimages\_c\] shows the Euclidean distance map for the same 1 mm x 1 mm area utilizing the dendrite core centroids identified in Figure \[sx\_nickel\]. The darker intensity indicates closer Euclidean distances to the dendrite core and the lightest pixels between the dendrite cores actually correspond to the boundaries of the Voronoi tesselation.
[0.31]{} ![(a) A 1 mm x 1 mm subregion from Figure \[sx\_nickel\] is shown along with two corresponding images of the same area: (b) a binary image with segmented eutectic particles (white) and (c) a Euclidean distance map from the dendrite core centroids, where lighter intensity refers to further distances from the dendrite cores.[]{data-label="subimages"}](Figure_10a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.31]{} ![(a) A 1 mm x 1 mm subregion from Figure \[sx\_nickel\] is shown along with two corresponding images of the same area: (b) a binary image with segmented eutectic particles (white) and (c) a Euclidean distance map from the dendrite core centroids, where lighter intensity refers to further distances from the dendrite cores.[]{data-label="subimages"}](Figure_10b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.31]{} ![(a) A 1 mm x 1 mm subregion from Figure \[sx\_nickel\] is shown along with two corresponding images of the same area: (b) a binary image with segmented eutectic particles (white) and (c) a Euclidean distance map from the dendrite core centroids, where lighter intensity refers to further distances from the dendrite cores.[]{data-label="subimages"}](Figure_10c "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
The probability of encountering (or forming) a eutectic particle can then be calculated as a function of this Euclidean distance from the nearest dendrite core or the Voronoi vertex, as shown in Figure \[pdf\]. Based on the image segmentation, the area fraction of eutectic particles in Figure \[sx\_nickel\] is 3.6% and is shown as a red line in Figure \[pdf\]. The pixels lying within 100 $\mu$m of the image boundaries were excluded to eliminate the possibility that dendrite cores just outside of the field of view could affect the statistics. As can be seen from Fig. \[pdf\_a\], the left (right) blue line indicates the distance whereby all distances below (above) have a probability of having a eutectic particle that is lower (higher) than the global area fraction (red line), i.e., it is less (more) favorable for a eutectic particle to form. The transition distance of eutectic particle favorability is between 86-93 $\mu$m, i.e., approximately ${1/3}$ of the primary dendrite arm spacing (248.4 $\mu$m). This plot shows that it is not favorable for eutectic particles to form close to the primary dendrite core.
Figure \[pdf\_b\] is a similar plot as a function of distance from the vertices of the Voronoi tessellation (see schematic). This plot was generated in a similar manner to Figure \[pdf\_a\]; a Euclidean distance map was first formed from the Voronoi vertices, then the boundary pixels within 100 $\mu$m of the image boundaries were excluded, etc. There is an increased occurrence of eutectic particles at vertices, regardless of their distance from the dendrite core. This observation (along with the fact that the probability of occurence is higher than in Figure \[pdf\_a\] by almost 2%) suggests that solute is forced near the Voronoi vertices, thereby increasing the probability of eutectic particle occurrence. The transition distance in this plot is between 67-90 $\mu$m, i.e., at approximately ${1/3}$ of the primary dendrite arm spacing. While this analysis shows the preferential formation of eutectic particles based on the local distances, correlation with the size of particles is also important.
[0.475]{} ![The probability of a eutectic particle as a function of the distance to (a) the nearest dendrite core or (b) the nearest Voronoi vertex. The inset schematic shows the refence point(s) for the Euclidean distance in each plot.[]{data-label="pdf"}](Figure_11a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.475]{} ![The probability of a eutectic particle as a function of the distance to (a) the nearest dendrite core or (b) the nearest Voronoi vertex. The inset schematic shows the refence point(s) for the Euclidean distance in each plot.[]{data-label="pdf"}](Figure_11c "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
The eutectic particle size may be correlated with the distance from the dendrite cores or Voronoi vertices as well. Figure \[a50\] shows the eutectic particle size as a function of the distance from the nearest dendrite core and the nearest Voronoi vertice. The solid line shows the 50$^{th}$-percentile area, $A_{50}=410$ $\mu{m}^2$, which refers to the eutectic particle size where 50% of the eutectic particle area lies above/below this size. There is a noticeable tendency for the larger particles ($A>A_{50}$) to form further away from the dendrite core and closer to the Voronoi vertices, while the smaller eutectic particles ($A<A_{50}$) can form at all distances. However, it is difficult to quantitatively tell from the following plot what the preference is for smaller or larger particles as a function of distance. Therefore, to further quantify this relationship with respect to the size of the particles, the probability associated with a eutectic particle pixel belonging to either a small or large particle is calculated in Figure \[size\]. Interestingly, in Figure \[size\_a\], at distances closer to the dendrite cores, there is a clear preference for smaller particles ($A<A_{50}$) to form over larger particles ($A>A_{50}$). At a distance of 84.5 $\mu{m}$ ($\sim{1/3}$ PDAS), as denoted by the solid line, there is a crossover in the probability function and larger particles are statistically favored to form over smaller particles. In the case of distances from the Voronoi vertices, there is a similar behavior except that *larger* particles are favored at smaller distances (closer to Voronoi vertices). The crossover in the probability functions occurs at 79.3 $\mu{m}$ ($\sim{1/3}$ PDAS again). At distances greater than this, there is not as definitive of a trend as with the dendrite cores, i.e., in some cases, there is a greater probability for smaller particles to form and, in some cases, for larger particles to form. This lack of a well-defined trend at larger distances may be caused by the fact that these larger distances could lie close or far away from the dendrite core, further obscuring the trend. Clearly, the distance from the dendrite cores and, hence, the local primary dendrite arm spacing affect the probabilities of interdendritic particles to form, though. In a similar manner, it is anticipated that a similar relationship may be associated with shrinkage porosity, gas porosity, and other interdendritic defects.
[0.475]{} ![The eutectic particle size as a function of the distance to (a) the nearest dendrite core or (b) the nearest Voronoi vertex. The distance for each particle is the distance for the particle centroid. The 50$^{th}$-percentile area, $A_{50}=410$ $\mu{m}^2$, refers to the particle size where 50% of the eutectic particle area lies above/below this size.[]{data-label="a50"}](Figure_12a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.475]{} ![The eutectic particle size as a function of the distance to (a) the nearest dendrite core or (b) the nearest Voronoi vertex. The distance for each particle is the distance for the particle centroid. The 50$^{th}$-percentile area, $A_{50}=410$ $\mu{m}^2$, refers to the particle size where 50% of the eutectic particle area lies above/below this size.[]{data-label="a50"}](Figure_12b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.475]{} ![The probability of a eutectic particle of a certain size occurring as a function of the distance to (a) the nearest dendrite core or (b) the nearest Voronoi vertex. Two particle sizes are considered: particle sizes below and above the 50$^{th}$-percentile area $A_{50}$. The solid line denotes the distance at which the probability functions first intercept, indicating a transition fromthe favorability of small particles to large particles (in \[size\_a\]) or vice versa (in \[size\_b\]).[]{data-label="size"}](Figure_13a "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
[0.475]{} ![The probability of a eutectic particle of a certain size occurring as a function of the distance to (a) the nearest dendrite core or (b) the nearest Voronoi vertex. Two particle sizes are considered: particle sizes below and above the 50$^{th}$-percentile area $A_{50}$. The solid line denotes the distance at which the probability functions first intercept, indicating a transition fromthe favorability of small particles to large particles (in \[size\_a\]) or vice versa (in \[size\_b\]).[]{data-label="size"}](Figure_13b "fig:"){width="\textwidth"}
Conclusions
===========
In summary, characterizing the primary dendrite arm spacing in directionally-solidified microstructures is an important step for developing process-structure-property relationships by enabling the quantification of (i) the influence of processing on microstructure and (ii) the influence of microstructure on properties. Thin-walled directionally-solidified structures (e.g., a turbine blade) require new approaches for characterizing the dendrite arm spacing and the microstructure. In this work, we utilized a new Voronoi-based approach for spatial point pattern analysis that was applied to an experimental dendritic microstructure. This technique utilizes a Voronoi tessellation of space surrounding the dendrite cores to determine nearest neighbors and the local primary dendrite arm spacing. In addition, we compared this technique to a recent distance-based technique, the Warnken–Reed method, and a modification to this using Voronoi tesselations, along with the minimal spanning tree method. Moreover, a convex hull-based technique was used to include edge effects for such techniques, which can be important for thin specimens. These methods were used to quantify the distribution of local primary dendrite arm spacings as well as their spatial distribution for an experimental directionally-solidified superalloy micrograph. Last, eutectic particles were segmented to correlate distances from dendrite cores and Voronoi vertices to the occurence and size of these interdendritic features. Interestingly, with respect to the distance from the dendrite core, it was found that there is a greater probability of occurence of large eutectic particles ($>410$ $\mu$m) over small particles at distances greater than approximately ${1}/{3}$ of the bulk-measured primary dendrite arm spacing. In conclusion, this systematic study of the different techniques for quantifying local primary dendrite arm spacings, and their effect on microstructure, can be an important step for correlating with both processing and properties in single crystal nickel-based superalloys.
Acknowledgments {#acknowledgments .unnumbered}
===============
MAT would like to acknowledge AFOSR for support for this research through contract FA9550-12-1-0135 (PM: Dr. David Stargel, AFOSR/RSA). MAT would like to acknowledge support from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and ARL.
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| {
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
} |
Call me crazy, but I actually like the fact that Rivera's coming back. I'm pulling for this guy hard. I'm also not foolish enough to believe that if Rivera were to be fired and we brought in another coach that he'd have immediate success. If we had brought in Chip Kelly to replace Rivera next season, all the people calling him a great coach and the best option available will be the same one's grabbing the pitch forks and torches if we open the season 0-4. I've seen steady progress in the team and the coaching. Why break that up? If we do totally poo the bed next season, then yes it's time to fire him. No need to do him like Fox and hold him through the last year of his contract when we know and he knows he'll no longer be a part of the team going forward. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
The explicit solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a free particle that starts as a delta function
A previous thread discusses the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a massive particle in one dimension that starts off in the state $\Psi(x,0) = \delta(x)$. This can easily be solved in the momentum representation, giving the solution as
$$
\Psi(x,t)
=
\frac{1}{2 \pi}
e^{i\frac{m}{2\hbar t}x^2}
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}
e^{-i\frac{\hbar t}{2m}(k-\frac{m}{\hbar t}x)^2} \operatorname{d}k,
$$
and this Fourier transform to the position representation is a Fresnel integral that can be explicitly integrated to give the explicit solution
$$
\Psi(x,t)=\begin{cases}\delta(x) & t=0,\\
\sqrt{\frac{m}{2\pi\hbar |t|}}
e^{-i\,\mathrm{sgn}(t)\pi/4}
\exp\left[i\frac{mx^2}{2\hbar t}\right]
&t\neq 0.
\end{cases}
\tag{$*$}
$$
Now, this procedure can sometimes seem a bit back-handed, and it leaves a lingering doubt of whether the solution in $(*)$ actually satisfies the differential equation
$$
i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(x,t)=-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2}\Psi(x,t)
\tag S
$$
in some suitable sense.
While it might seem to be just a case of filling in the gaps, as a function of time, $\Psi(x,t)$ is highly irregular at $t=0$, since it contains a singularity in the factor of $e^{-i\,\mathrm{sgn}(t)\pi/4}/\sqrt{|t|}=1/\sqrt{i\:\!t}$, and the exponential
$$
\exp\left(i\frac{mx^2}{2\hbar t}\right)
=
\cos\left(\frac{mx^2}{2\hbar}\frac{1}{t}\right)
+i\sin\left(\frac{mx^2}{2\hbar}\frac{1}{t}\right)
$$
oscillates infinitely fast at $t\to 0^\pm$, so the behaviour of the solution at the $t=0$ line is highly irregular (and indeed it has an essential singularity). This is to be expected to a degree: the initial condition $\Psi(x,0) = \delta(x)$ is a distribution, and the Schrödinger equation calls, at the very least, the second derivative of that delta function, so to the extent that the Schrödinger equation holds, it will be only in some kind of distributional sense; this will probably be a bit challenging but otherwise it should be possible.
So, just to fill in the gaps: in what sense, and without referring to the momentum representation, is $(*)$ a solution of $(\mathrm{S})$?
A:
Sketched proof: If we define a regularized distribution
$$ \begin{align}\Psi_{\epsilon}[f;t] ~&:=~\iint_{\mathbb{R
^2}} \!\frac{\mathrm{d}x~\mathrm{d}k}{2\pi}~f(x) \exp\left\{ ikx-\frac{\hbar k^2}{2m}(\epsilon +it)\right\} \cr~&=~\sqrt{\frac{m}{2\pi\hbar(\epsilon +it)}}\int_{\mathbb{R}} \!\mathrm{d}x~f(x) \exp\left\{ -\frac{m x^2 }{2\hbar(\epsilon +it)}\right\} ,\quad t~\in~\mathbb{R},\quad \epsilon~\in~\mathbb{R}_+, \tag{A}\end{align}$$
for a spatial test function $f$, one may show firstly via Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem that $\Psi_{\epsilon}[f;t]$ becomes the Dirac delta distribution
$$ \lim_{\epsilon\to 0^+}\lim_{t\to 0}\Psi_{\epsilon}[f;t] ~=~ \delta[f]~:=~f(0) \quad\text{for}\quad t~\to~ 0, \tag{B}$$
and secondly that the regularized $\Psi_{\epsilon}[f;t]$ satisfies TDSE for $t\in\mathbb{R}$ and $\epsilon\in\mathbb{R}_+$. Here the spatial derivative $$\Psi_{\epsilon,xx}[f;t]~:=~\Psi_{\epsilon}[f_{xx};t]\tag{C}$$ is defined in the usual distribution sense.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Former political prisoner to run in upcoming elections days after her party ends boycott of political system.
Democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi commands considerable influence in Myanmar [Reuters]
Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar’s most prominent dissident, will run in an upcoming parliamentary election, a senior official in her party said, three days after her National League for Democracy (NLD) ended its boycott of the country’s political system.
“Some people are worried that taking part could harm my dignity. Frankly, if you do politics, you should not be thinking about your dignity.” – Aung San Suu Kyi
“Aung San Suu Kyi intends to stand for the by-election but it’s a bit early to say from which constituency she will run,” Nyan Win, a senior official in her party, told Reuters news agency on Monday.
It will be the first time the Nobel Peace Prize laureate has competed in an election since 1990, when her landslide electoral victory was voided by generals intent on maintaining power.
Suu Kyi, the daughter of late independence hero Aung San and a staunch opponent of the military dictators who ruled Myanmar until nominally handing power to a civilian parliament in March, spent 15 of the previous 21 years in detention before her release from house arrest a year ago.
The 66-year-old told her party on Friday that they should contest all the seats available in parliamentary elections and had implied that she would run herself.
“Some people are worried that taking part could harm my dignity. Frankly, if you do politics, you should not be thinking about your dignity,” she said.
There are 48 parliamentary seats available but no polling dates have been set for elections.
‘Flickers of progress’
Suu Kyi had previously not indicated whether she herself was interested in becoming a member of parliament, but her decision comes after Myanmar won a powerful endorsement on Friday when US President Barack Obama announced Secretary of State Hillary Clinton would visit the resource-rich country neighbouring China, citing “flickers of progress”.
Clinton will be the highest-ranking American to visit the former British colony since a 1962 military coup.
On her two-day visit early next month she plans to meet with Suu Kyi, and has said credible elections are one condition for ending US sanctions, along with the release of more political prisoners and peace with ethnic minorities.
The NLD, which has been mostly suppressed since its election landslide in 1990, boycotted elections a year ago because of strict laws that prevented many of its members from taking part. As a result, the authorities officially dissolved it but it has continued to function and enjoys strong support from the public.
Myanmar recently amended a political party law removing a clause barring anyone convicted of a crime from joining a party or taking part in an election, paving the way for those who had served a prison term, including Suu Kyi, to contest the polls.
Strong influence
Suu Kyi commands considerable influence over the party and Ko Ko Hlaing, a senior advisor to President Thein Sein, said on the sidelines of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit in Bali last week that the NLD’s decision to re-register was a “significant step”.
The presence of Suu Kyi in parliament would be another dramatic sign of openness that could give more legitimacy to the retired generals in charge of the country, who are eager to be accepted by the public at home and the international community.
Under the leadership of Thein Sein, the government has started a dialogue with Suu Kyi; a move welcomed by the West, which has imposed sanctions on the country because of its poor human rights record.
The government recently released more than 230 political prisoners, eased media censorship and sought guidance from international financial institutions to revive its economy. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Composer
If nothing else, “Ben-Hur,” directed by Timur Bekmambetov from a script by Keith R. Clarke and John Ridley, is a masterpiece of condensation. The celebrated 1959 version of the saga, once the most-Oscar-winning-picture-of-all-time, clocked in at almost four hours. The silent version was about two hours and twenty minutes, no marathon but still longer than average for its time. This movie, on the other hand, gets the job done in pretty much exactly two hours.
The briskness was but one reason I found this quasi-Biblical epic strangely refreshing. This version of the strange novel concocted by Union Army General Lew Wallace in 1880 (a warrior’s apologia for Christianity that surpassed 1852’s previous record holder “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” on the best-seller lists) begins as Judah Ben-Hur (a steely Jack Huston) and his onetime friend Messala (Toby Kebbell) are facing off in a chariot race. Talk about beginning on a high note—the chariot race of the William Wyler-directed 1959 film, starring Charlton Heston and Stephen Boyd, is that movie’s climax. But fear not, the scene is just a preview, and we flashback, after a few expositional points in narration from Morgan Freeman (who, fear not, is also a character in the picture), to Judah Ben-Hur’s noble household in Jerusalem eight years before, and see Judah and his Roman adopted brother Messala (note the slight change in relations) riding horses together carefree, until an accident places Judah in the care of his friend. It’s a bit of a one-set-of-footsteps moment that has a big payoff later on.
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Wallace’s novel was subtitled “A Tale of the Christ” and this movie was produced by Mark Burnett and Roma Downey, who’ve parlayed Burnett’s success with reality television into a shingle devoted to making movies with pronounced Christian content. Hence, this “Ben-Hur” has more Christ in it than any previous version. And a lot of philosophizing in the dialogue. “You confuse peace with freedom,” one character opines at a certain point; at another the ideal of a “civilized world; progress, prosperity, and stability” is proffered, which sounds like a setup for a takedown of secular humanism. When first seen, Jesus (Rodrigo Santoro) is carving wood, and overhearing a conversation between Judah and his later-to-be-converted wife Esther (Nazanin Boniadi), he gently pipes up, “Love your enemies.” “Love your enemies? That’s very progressive,” Judah responds. Soon, when he’s stripped of his home and family and enslaved on a galley ship, he will have the opportunity to turn those words over.
The characters all speak in a completely contemporary tone, which shows the influence of—what do you know?—Scorsese’s “The Last Temptation of Christ,” which was criticized for (among other things) having the Apostles talk like they’d just hopped off the IRT. This is not particularly bothersome, it turns out. In the net plus department, once the action really gets going, it’s quite good. The sea battle during which Judah makes his escape is a really effective bit of action moviemaking—one of those scenes that compels you to exhale when it’s finally over. It’s frantic and loud, but not particularly over-the-top, which is unusual for Bekmambetov. Also unusual is the relatively restrained violence—there’s a lot of brutal behavior in the picture but its depiction is relatively restrained, another first for its director, whose work in the likes of “Night Watch,” “Day Watch,” and the abysmal “Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter” lacked a lot of worthwhile qualities, nuance being one of the bigger ones. I have to credit Burnett and Downey here; clearly they had a commitment to keeping the film as “family-friendly” as possible. The chariot race, too, is both wholly watchable—no bones are crunched, and plenty could have been—and coherent. Lead actors Huston and Kebbell both do very credible work, although in Judah Ben-Hur’s earliest incarnation Huston does look a bit like Jimmy Fallon doing Barry Gibb. And at certain of their bro-out moments Huston and Kebbell look like they’d just as likely walk off the set and go check out Sleaford Mods.
Does the movie radically re-arrange both its source material and that material’s most famous adaptation? It sure as hell does. But I doubt that many contemporary viewers consider either of those as holy writ. This is a “Ben-Hur” of and for its time, but also a little better than its time, it turns out. I’m not qualified to say whether it’s an effective delivery system for its Christian message, but I think I can credibly pronounce it a good popcorn movie.
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The Ebert Club is our hand-picked selection of content for Ebert fans. You will receive a weekly newsletter full of movie-related tidbits, articles, trailers, even the occasional streamable movie. Club members also get access to our members-only section on RogerEbert.com | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
How to identify a set of dates from a string in rails
I have the following strings
"sep 04 apr 06"
"29th may 1982"
"may 2006 may 2008"
"since oct 11"
Output
"September 2004 and April 2006"
"29 May 1982"
"May 2006 and May 2008"
"October 2011"
Is there a way to obtain the dates from these string. I used the gem 'dates_from_string', but it is unable to correctly obtain date from first scenario.
A:
The approach I took is as follows:
Divide the string into an array of words.
If the array contains fewer than two words, return an array containing all the date strings found; else go to step 3.
If the array contains at least three words and the first three words represent a date, save it, delete the first three words in the array and repeat step 2; else go to step 4.
If the first two words represent a date, save it, delete the first two words in the array and repeat step 2; else go to step 5.
Delete the first word in the array and go to step 2.
I search for dates using the class method Date::strptime. strptime employs a format string. For example, '%d %b %Y' searches for the day of the month, followed by a space, followed by a (case-insensitive) three-character month abbreviation ('Jan', 'Feb',...,'Dec'), followed by a four-digit year. (I initially consider using Date::parse, but that does not discriminate dates adequately.)
Code
I first generate all the strptime format strings of interest for month, day and year:
MON = %w{ %b %B } # '%b' for 'Jan', '%B' for 'January'
YR = %w{ %y %Y } # '%y' for '11', '%Y' for 2011
DAY = %w{ %d } # '4', '04' or '28'
PERM3 = MON.product(YR, DAY).
flat_map { |arr| arr.permutation(3).to_a }.
map { |arr| arr.join(' ') }
#=> ["%b %y %d", "%b %d %y", "%y %b %d", "%y %d %b", "%d %b %y", "%d %y %b",
# "%b %Y %d", "%b %d %Y", "%Y %b %d", "%Y %d %b", "%d %b %Y", "%d %Y %b",
# "%B %y %d", "%B %d %y", "%y %B %d", "%y %d %B", "%d %B %y", "%d %y %B",
# "%B %Y %d", "%B %d %Y", "%Y %B %d", "%Y %d %B", "%d %B %Y", "%d %Y %B"]
I then do the same for permutations of day and month and month and year:
PERM2 = MON.product(YR).
concat(MON.product(DAY)).
flat_map { |arr| arr.permutation(2).to_a }.
map { |arr| arr.join(' ') }
#=> ["%b %y", "%y %b", "%b %Y", "%Y %b", "%B %y", "%y %B",
# "%B %Y", "%Y %B", "%b %d", "%d %b", "%B %d", "%d %B"]
I then proceed as follows:
require 'date'
def pull_dates(str)
arr = str.split
dates = []
while arr.size > 1
if arr.size > 2
a = depunc(arr[0,3])
if date?(a, PERM3)
dates << a.join(' ')
arr.shift(3)
next
end
end
a = depunc(arr[0,2])
if date?(a, PERM2)
dates << a.join(' ')
arr.shift(2)
next
end
arr.shift
end
dates
end
depunc removes any punctuations at the beginning and end of the string arr.join(' ').
def depunc(arr)
arr.join(' ').gsub(/^\W|\W$/,'').split
end
date? determines if the three- or two-element string arr represents a date. I first obtain a "cleaned" string from arr, and then search through the applicable strptime format strings (the argument perm), looking for one that shows the cleaned string can be converted to a date.
def date?(arr, perm)
clean = to_str_and_clean(arr)
perm.find do |s|
begin
d = Date.strptime(clean, s)
return true
rescue
false
end
end
false
end
to_str_and_clean returns a cleaned string that has punctuation removed and strings such as 'st', 'nd', 'rd', and 'th' following the numerical representation of the day.
def to_str_and_clean(arr)
str = arr.map { |s| s[0][/\d/] ? s.to_i.to_s : s }.join(' ').tr('.?!,:;', '')
end
Example
Let's try it.
str =
"Bubba sighted a flying saucer on sep 04 2013 and again in apr 06. \
Greta was born on 29th may 1982. Hey, may 2006 may 2008 are two years apart.\
We have been at loose ends since oct 11 of this year."
pull_dates(str)
#=> ["sep 04 2013", "apr 06", "29th may 1982", "may 2006 may", "oct 11"]
Well, as you see, it's not perfect. Some tweaking is required, but this might get you started.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Coach Rick Carlisle cracked open the door just a sliver that first-round draftee Luka Doncic could play in the MGM Resorts Summer League in Las Vegas, but said there still are numerous hurdles that need to be cleared.
Doncic has yet to participate in any live practices for the Mavericks for a myriad of reasons.
“He needs to have his buyout completed with Real Madrid, he needs a FIBA letter of clearance, he needs a physical and he needs to sign a contract,” Carlisle said before the Mavericks headed to Las Vegas, where they open summer league action Friday against Phoenix. “We’re getting close to getting those things done. But we’re not there yet.”
…
“He has not had a live practice yet, but he will be in Vegas,” Carlisle said. “He is going to continue to ramp up his workload and there remains a possibility that he could play. But to what percentage I could guarantee that, I just can’t. I’m not going to go there.
“But that’s where things are. And remember, this guy just got done playing 10 days ago or whatever. This is the set of facts that we’re looking at.”
Doncic played last season with Real Madrid and led them to the EuroLeague title less than a week before the June 21 draft. Between FIBA play, Eurobasket, and ACB league games, Doncic has played over 150 professional basketball games the last two seasons.
“We’ve got to understand that he is 19,” said Mavs coach Rick Carlisle after the Draft. “NBA stardom doesn’t happen overnight. It’s going to be a process, and we’ve got to protect him as well as be excited for him to get on the floor and do the things that he’s done so well in Europe.” | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
A FAS-ligand variant associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome in cats.
British shorthair (BSH) kittens in multiple litters died as a result of a severe non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disease that showed many similarities with human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Human ALPS is caused by inherited defects in FAS-mediated lymphocyte apoptosis and the possibility of similar defects was investigated in BSH cats. The whole genomes of two affected kittens were sequenced and compared to 82 existing cat genomes. Both BSH kittens had homozygous insertions of an adenine within exon 3 of the FAS-ligand gene. The resultant frameshift and premature stop codon were predicted to result in a severely truncated protein that is unlikely to be able to activate FAS. Three additional affected BSH kittens were homozygous for the variant, while 11 of 16 unaffected, but closely related, BSH cats were heterozygous for the variant. All BSH cats in the study were from a population with significant inbreeding. The variant was not identified in a further survey of 510 non-BSH cats. Identification of a genetic defect in the FAS-mediated apoptosis pathway confirms that the lymphoproliferative disease in BSH cats fulfills the diagnostic criteria for ALPS in humans. These results will enable the development of a genetic test to detect BSH carrier animals. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Simultaneous oxidation of ammonium and tetracycline in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor.
The membrane aerated biofilms reactor (MABR) is an emerging technology in wastewater treatment with particular advantages including high rate nitrification, and very high oxygen transfer efficiencies. In this study a synthetic feed water incorporating tetracycline (TC) was investigated in a MABR. Simultaneous removal of ammonium and tetracycline (TC) in the reactor, formation of TC transformation products (TPs), and microbial community analysis in the biofilm growing on the membrane were performed. A range of TC and ammonium loading rates and the effect of different intra-membrane oxygen pressures were on treatment performance were systematically investigated. Successful nitrification and TC degradation were achieved with the highest TC removal (63%) obtained at a HRT of 18 h HRT and 0.41 bar gas pressure. It has shown that different operating conditions (HRT and gas pressure) do not cause a significant change in ammonium removal. The concentration of TPs such as ETC, EATC, and ATC was determined to be at the ppb level. Molecular results showed that MABR reactor was mainly dominated by β-proteobacteria. The relative abundance of this group decreased in parallel with the increasing ammonium and TC loading. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
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<h2 title="Class RenderableStamper" class="title">Class RenderableStamper</h2>
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<ul class="inheritance">
<li>java.lang.Object</li>
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<pre>public class <span class="typeNameLabel">RenderableStamper</span>
extends java.lang.Object</pre>
<div class="block">Used by <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/IsRenderable.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.user.client.ui"><code>IsRenderable</code></a> to mark their root element in such a way that
they can be later retrieved. This class abstracts the exact details of how
the element is marked and retrieved, so that we can always use the best
method avaialable without having to change all implementations of
<a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/IsRenderable.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.user.client.ui"><code>IsRenderable</code></a>.
<p>
The expected flow is for the <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/IsRenderable.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.user.client.ui"><code>IsRenderable</code></a> object to use one of the
<a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/RenderableStamper.html#stamp-com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared.SafeHtml-"><code>stamp(com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared.SafeHtml)</code></a> methods below to mark their HTML. At a later point, its parent
widget will use the <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/RenderableStamper.html#findStampedElement--"><code>findStampedElement()</code></a> to retrieve the right element.</div>
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<caption><span>Constructors</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></caption>
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<th class="colOne" scope="col">Constructor and Description</th>
</tr>
<tr class="altColor">
<td class="colOne"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/RenderableStamper.html#RenderableStamper-java.lang.String-">RenderableStamper</a></span>(java.lang.String token)</code>
<div class="block">Creates a stamper that will be use the given token, which is assumed
to be unique and will be escaped before being used.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
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<h3>Method Summary</h3>
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<caption><span id="t0" class="activeTableTab"><span>All Methods</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span><span id="t2" class="tableTab"><span><a href="javascript:show(2);">Instance Methods</a></span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span><span id="t4" class="tableTab"><span><a href="javascript:show(8);">Concrete Methods</a></span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span></caption>
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</tr>
<tr id="i0" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code><a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/dom/client/Element.html" title="class in com.google.gwt.dom.client">Element</a></code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/RenderableStamper.html#findStampedElement--">findStampedElement</a></span>()</code>
<div class="block">Finds the element that was previously stamped in the DOM.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i1" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code><a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/safehtml/shared/SafeHtml.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared">SafeHtml</a></code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/RenderableStamper.html#stamp-com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared.SafeHtml-">stamp</a></span>(<a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/safehtml/shared/SafeHtml.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared">SafeHtml</a> safeHtml)</code>
<div class="block">Stamps an HTML element in such a way that it can be later found in the DOM tree.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i2" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code><T extends <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/dom/builder/shared/HtmlElementBuilderBase.html" title="class in com.google.gwt.dom.builder.shared">HtmlElementBuilderBase</a><?>><br>T</code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/RenderableStamper.html#stamp-T-">stamp</a></span>(T elementBuilder)</code>
<div class="block">Stamps an HTML element in such a way that it can be later found in the DOM tree.</div>
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<pre>public RenderableStamper(java.lang.String token)</pre>
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<pre>public <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/dom/client/Element.html" title="class in com.google.gwt.dom.client">Element</a> findStampedElement()</pre>
<div class="block">Finds the element that was previously stamped in the DOM.
For this to work properly the element must be attached to the document.</div>
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<pre>public <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/safehtml/shared/SafeHtml.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared">SafeHtml</a> stamp(<a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/safehtml/shared/SafeHtml.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared">SafeHtml</a> safeHtml)</pre>
<div class="block">Stamps an HTML element in such a way that it can be later found in the DOM tree.
To be used by <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/IsRenderable.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.user.client.ui"><code>IsRenderable</code></a> objects built using <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/safehtml/shared/SafeHtml.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared"><code>SafeHtml</code></a> directly, this assumes
the element to be stamped is the first found in the given <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/safehtml/shared/SafeHtml.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.safehtml.shared"><code>SafeHtml</code></a>.
Returns safeHtml untouched if it does not being with a tag.</div>
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<h4>stamp</h4>
<pre>public <T extends <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/dom/builder/shared/HtmlElementBuilderBase.html" title="class in com.google.gwt.dom.builder.shared">HtmlElementBuilderBase</a><?>> T stamp(T elementBuilder)</pre>
<div class="block">Stamps an HTML element in such a way that it can be later found in the DOM tree.
To be used by <a href="../../../../../../com/google/gwt/user/client/ui/IsRenderable.html" title="interface in com.google.gwt.user.client.ui"><code>IsRenderable</code></a> objects built using ElementBuilder, this assumes
the given elementBuilder is for the root element that should later be claimed.</div>
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| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Congratulations to OG for their Manila Major Championship. They had an impressive run through the Upper Bracket, taking down Natus Vincere, MVP Phoenix and Newbee. Team Liquid defeated five different teams in the Lower Bracket as they climbed their way back up to face OG in the Grand Finals. OG secured the victory by defeating Team Liquid 3-1, earning them an impressive second Major Championship title.
With The Manila Major behind us, teams set their sights on The International taking place this August. The Open Qualifiers will be kicking off June 21st, with the Regional Qualifiers right afterwards on June 25th.
In preparation for The International, a balance focused patch will be released today. In the 6.88 update you will find various minor balance tweaks geared towards ironing out some rough edges as we head into ESL Frankfurt next weekend and The International Qualifiers the following week. Head over to the patch notes page to read up on the changes in the 6.88 gameplay update. | {
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i can’t believe how much effort i put into this | {
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It will be appreciated that a Westinghouse Air Brake Company C-1 air dryer is designed to remove moisture from compressed air for use in a compressed air system as utilized on railway trains, transit vehicles and the like, as necessary to operate the air brake system and air valves. U.S. Pat. No. 5,423,129, assigned to the assignee of this invention and cited above, discloses such a system wherein the compressed air is cleaned and dried by passing it through a regenerating system containing a desiccant material to absorb the moisture and filter-out particulate matter. The desiccant is regenerated by passing a small percentage of the dried air back therethrough which absorbs at least some of the moisture collected in the desiccant and is therefore discarded.
In operation, the above noted prior art air drying system (now referred to as the "single tower" system) receives compressed air from a conventional air compressor, a supply which typically contains an unacceptably high amount of moisture and other particulates suspended therein. This unpurified compressed air is caused to flow upwardly through a desiccant material usually in the form of a porous cartridge containing a porous desiccant media. The desiccant plays the key role within the single tower air drying system in that it absorbs the moisture and traps various particulates (e.g., dust, dirt, etc.) as the compressed air moves upwardly through the desiccant media. Once moisture and particulates are extracted from the air stream, the cleaned and dried compressed air continues flowing from the desiccant media through a purge check valve situated near the top of the tower. This purified compressed air then passes through a side chamber, a part of which eventually reaches a purge volume.
When the air compressor is cycled off, the system operates in a purge mode. During the purge mode, the purified pressurized air contained within the purge volume passes slowly in the reverse direction through a choke in a purge check valve and then back through the desiccant media. This slow stream of dried air reabsorbs a portion of the moisture previously collected within the desiccant media. Having evaporated into this passing stream of dry air, the evaporated moisture eventually exhausts through the sump volume to atmosphere. This gradual purging of dry air back through the system serves to dry out and thus rejuvenate or regenerate the desiccant media. When the air compressor is again cycled on, the tower system returns to operation in a drying mode, with the desiccant media then again removing moisture from the stream of unpurified compressed air passing therethrough.
More recently, a twin tower system has been proposed and developed in which a pair of desiccant containing chambers or towers are provided, each alternating back and forth between operation in drying mode and in recycle mode. Accordingly, at any given moment of operation, one tower is operating in air drying cycle while the other is operating in recycle mode or purge cycle. A pair of control valves are provided to automatically switch the flow to reverse these flow directions so that after a defined time period the cycles are reversed so that in effect a continuous operation is achieved with each tower alternately operating in drying mode permitting moisture to collect within the desiccant media while the other tower is in recycle mode removing the collected moisture from the desiccant material or media. This unique system obviously has a greater moisture removing capability and also avoids the need to have the source of unpurified air cycled-off in order to purge the desiccant material of the moisture it has accumulated, and thereby eliminate the need to temporarily deprive the pneumatic system of a steady supply of clean and dried compressed air while the compressor is turned off.
In addition to the above advantages, the switching of the two drying assemblies alternately between the drying and the purging modes allows the twin tower system to exsiccate the air stream more efficiently than the prior art single tower system. Two desiccant towers rather than one are employed in the air drying system with one absorbing moisture while the other is being purged of it. The switching of the two drying assemblies alternately between the drying and the purging modes thus serves to continuously purge moisture from the twin tower system. More fully desiccated air is thus supplied to the pneumatic system. The amount, density and overall surface area of the desiccant can also be selected to suit varying needs.
The twin tower system can be applied to a wide variety of pneumatic systems. Typical of the types of pneumatic systems to which the twin tower system could be applied include the pneumatic brake systems of passenger and freight railroad trains, subway trains and various other types of rail related transportation systems. Further examples include the pneumatic brake systems of various truck transport vehicles. Other types of pneumatic systems to which the twin tower system could be applied may be found outside the transportation field.
Another disadvantage of the single tower air drying system is that it is only capable of removing a certain, limited amount of moisture during the purge mode. Because the volume of unpurified air flowing into the system to be dried vastly exceeds the volume of purified air used to purge the desiccant media, the desiccant media never adequately exsiccates during operation of the single tower system. Indeed, the desiccant media adequately exsiccates only after the system has been turned off for a prolonged time sufficient to accomplish same. While the prior art twin tower system has a greatly increased water removing capacity, it is still not as great as would be desired for completely trouble free operation. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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“Rahul, just be your grandmother’s grandson”- about 20 months back, I wrote a piece saying how Rahul Gandhi needs to learn the ropes of politics from no one else, but his grandmother Indira Gandhi.
Over a year and a half later, I can positively say that the world has started to see "glimpses of Indira Gandhi" in her grandson. The similitude that they share extends to the fact that the very essence of their presence is marked with perseverance and unwearying patience.
Although it is Priyanka Gandhi who is compared to Indira, India iron Lady, in reality, it is Rahul Gandhi who actually evinces his grandmother’s qualities.
Image: Twitter
In Priyanka’s words:
“But she [Indira Gandhi] had this bond with him [Rahul]. And she taught him and she spent a lot of time with him, talking to him... even the morning that she passed away. And I think that Rahul has imbibed a lot of that and his thinking is in many ways a lot like my father, because he is a visionary like that. He's an institution builder like my father was, but it's a good mix. Because his understanding of politics is really very good. Much better than he is given credit for. And that I think comes from my grandmother."
Today, we see Rahul Gandhi’s rallies in Gujarat pulling in huge crowds - resembling the undeniable lionisation that his eminent grandmother used to capture. Indira Gandhi was a politician who connected with the masses, cared for them, and single-handedly dealt with adversities through unparalleled courage and dynamism. What she got in return was love multiplied by the poor and the downtrodden, so much so that even after losing her for more than three decades now, thousands of people still stream into her memorial in Delhi. In many parts of the nation, she is affectionately remembered as “Indira Amma”.
While Rahul Gandhi has embarked on the same journey, there are miles to go and several promises to keep.
Unacceptance, patience, and the Gandhis
At the outset of her political reign, Indira Gandhi was largely snubbed by the opposition. The then newly appointed prime minister of India was given a misnomer - "goongi gudiya" by the socialist leader, Ram Manohar Lohia. Later, she rose high enough to be hailed as "goddess Durga".
Her progress was phenomenal. And so is the leap that Rahul Gandhi took. From being disdained as "Pappu" to gaining admiration as "the renaissance man" today - Rahul Gandhi has come up roses, for sure.
For the most part of his political career, Rahul Gandhi got countless ridicules, memes, caricatures and bountiful negativism. But today, as we see him standing up and talking in the Lok Sabha, at Berkeley, in Gujarat, facing off the opposition and raising the nation’s concerns with mettle, we see the Rahul that was just meant to be.
Indira Gandhi too faced unacceptance not only from the opposition, but from her party as well. After the demise of the then PM Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi was elected over Morarji Desai as the party leader, when Congress president Kamaraj orchestrated her selection as the prime minister. Many party leaders, including him, perceived her to be weak enough to be controlled and strong enough to defeat Desai, her being Jawaharlal Nehru’s daughter. She won and became prime minister in 1966. However, the resistance that she faced from senior Congress leaders over several issues led to the formation of Congress (R) in 1969.
Today, she might be accused of dismantling the Congress apparatus, but the distrust that the Congress old guard had for her could not be overlooked either.
By the same token, when Rahul Gandhi joined the Congress, there were very few leaders to approve of him and his ideology. For years now, he has been in the middle of a divide that is ideological, yet generational.
He has faced resistance within the party, just like his grandmother and is holding strong, just as she did.
The 1977 General Elections, after the Emergency was lifted, brought a humiliating defeat for Indira Gandhi. Without any source of income, without any support, Indira had to vacate her residence at 1, Safdarjung Road and move to a much smaller house at 12 Willingdon Crescent. Her political obituary was written. She was deserted, with no hopes of making a comeback.
But, she was different. She was no quitter.
In August 1977, her fight for the oppressed section of the society made her ride on an elephant to visit Belchhi, where 11 landless Dalits were set on fire. She knew the people needed her there. And she was present for them, leaving a great impression on the nation’s public. And the same year, when the Janata government's home minister Choudhary Charan Singh ordered her arrest, she once again elicited massive public sympathy - clearing the way for her to become the country’s prime minister again in the 1980 elections.
From ruling a party that was facing an existential crisis, to coming back to the national centre stage - Indira Gandhi turned the tables in just three years.
Quite notably, after the 2014 election drubbing, Rahul Gandhi’s political obituary was written. And then again after the party’s defeat in 2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections. Time and again he had been the subject of mockery for the opponents. But, he did not quit. He proved that he is not the callow politician that the opposition tries to portray him to be. Slowly but surely, he has been showing signs of a potential vote-catcher.
Just like Indira Gandhi had an unmatched capacity to endure and persevere against tribulations, so does Rahul Gandhi. His fortitude, patience, and determination hint at an Indira Gandhi in the making. Of course, there is, still, a long way to go.
Glimmer of hope
My understanding of politics says that Indira Gandhi has left such a big impression on world politics that somewhere people still idolise her - whether they support the BJP, the Congress or any other party.
The Hindutva gang may hate Nehruvian ideology, probably because he was an atheist, but never do they criticise Indira Gandhi. Barring the "extremist" Sikhs in Punjab, the countrymen rarely say anything against her - such has been her aura. They envy her.
Today, many compare Narendra Modi to Indira Gandhi and some even say that he secretly admires her and tries to follow her style of politics. However, what lies behind Modi’s style of governance is superficial similarities to the Iron Lady.
Image: Reuters photo
Unlike Modi, Indira’s actions spoke louder than her words. His promise to teach Pakistan a lesson still awaits fulfilment, while it was Indira Gandhi who actually taught the neighbour a lesson to be remembered evermore.
Also, let us not forget that the India which Narendra Modi "inherited" is much more prosperous than the India that Indira Gandhi had to govern. That was an India riddled with poverty, aftermaths of war, and a crumbling space in the world politics. Modi, in contrast, received a much progressive, much developed India.
While she was the daughter of India’s first prime minister, she was way ahead of him in terms of cross-regional electoral appeal.
In fact, after Mahatma Gandhi, she has been the only Indian leader to be recognised across the world. Even though Mahatma Gandhi was not a politician, he was a social reformer, a philosopher and a mentor to the Congress who led India to independence from the British. And if there is any other Indian leader that could come next to the Mahatma, then it has to be none other than Indira Gandhi.
33 years on, the nation couldn’t find another Indira
The void left by Indira Gandhi in Indian politics needs to be filled. While the nation may have begun to notice similarities between Indira and Rahul, there is a lot that the grandson needs to adopt from her.
Rahul needs to match the political acumen and the vision that Indira Gandhi had. She carried an authoritarian streak. She was a tough taskmaster. She had the guts to enter the Golden Temple and attack the Sikh militants, irrespective of the realisation that she may not live after that.
She was soft at heart, but tough from outside. She believed in crushing her opponents. She feared none and held tight control over the Congress party’s internal politics. She believed in micro-managing and completely scrutinised the state leaders.
Rahul, on the other hand, believes in maintaining the status quo, which could often lead to delayed decisions. He also needs to develop a strong emotional connect with the masses, just like Indira Gandhi did. If Narendra Modi can sell the country his "chai-wala" story, then why can’t Rahul build an emotional connect with the public over his "dynasty "? He needs to convert this "dynasty" from being his weakness into his strength.
The faith that Mahatma Gandhi had in India, in the power of peace was unparalleled. What he did for the country, the different sections of the society - every bit of his contribution towards the nation was unparalleled.
Rahul needs to restore the same faith in the country and the countrymen. But, at the same time, he needs to work on enhancing his political prowess by looking at his grandmother’s political journey. He needs to have an unwavering belief in himself, just like Indira Gandhi believed in herself.
Here, I would like to quote Verse 26 from the Bhagavad Gita:
Kama-krodha-vimuktanam
yatinam yata-cetasam
abhito brahma-nirvanam
vartate viditatmanam
These powerful words of Sri Krishna, before the Mahabharata War, conclude the examination of Karma Yoga stating that those who are free from desire and anger, who have subdued their minds, are self-realised - they are assured of liberation from material existence here and hereafter.
As per my understanding of Karma Yoga, a karma yogi is someone who follows the path of righteousness, who follows his dharma, without any malicious intent, without harming anybody.
India, as a nation deeply engrossed in religion, karma and politics, needs such a karma yogi in today’s time - somebody who is free from desire, anger and who has a deep self-realisation. I see such a karma yogi in Rahul Gandhi. For, he is someone who has never failed to follow the path of righteousness while fulfilling his dharma of serving people.
He must continue to follow this path and fight for the truth.
Also read: Why a BJP defeat in Gujarat will blow up the Hindutva lab | {
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Semiconductor devices are commonly utilized for data storage and processing. The data storage may utilize an array of memory devices. Some memory devices are particularly well-suited for long-term storage of data, while others are better suited for rapid reading and writing (in other words, rapid access). Among the memory devices that are particularly well-suited for rapid access are dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices. A DRAM unit cell may include a transistor in combination with a capacitor.
A continuing goal of semiconductor fabrication is to reduce the amount of semiconductor real estate consumed by various components to thereby increase integration. It is, however, difficult to reduce the amount of semiconductor real estate consumed by a capacitor while still maintaining desired levels of capacitance. Some methods for reducing the amount of real estate consumed by capacitors, while maintaining desired levels of capacitance, include forming the capacitors to be increasingly thinner and taller.
A capacitor may be formed by patterning an opening in a template material, filling the opening with storage node material, and then removing the template material to leave a capacitor storage node comprising the storage node material. The capacitor storage node may be shaped as a pillar projecting upwardly from a semiconductor substrate. Subsequently, capacitor dielectric material may be formed across the pillar, and capacitor plate material may be formed across the capacitor dielectric material. The capacitor plate material, capacitor dielectric material, and storage node may together form a capacitor.
Difficulties occur as capacitors become thinner and taller in that it becomes increasingly difficult to pattern openings in a template material, and increasingly difficult to fill the openings with capacitor storage node material. Additionally, there is increasing risk that the tall, thin capacitor storage nodes will tip, and possibly topple, before the capacitor dielectric material and capacitor plate material can be formed to provide support to the tall, thin capacitor storage nodes.
It is desired to develop improved methods for forming tall, thin capacitors; and to develop improved capacitor constructions. | {
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Q:
Open and display pdf-file stored locally
After reading through several Q/A, I still can't find a suitable answer for my current issue.
I have a pdf-file (known at compile time) which is stored in my /res/raw folder.
I have tried loading the file using:
InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.mypdf);
Then I want to display the pdf (in an intent) using the preferred pdf-reader on the device:
Intent i;
i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
i.setDataAndType(file,"application/pdf");
startActivity(i);
The issue is that the intent takes in the type 'File', while my pdf is read as an 'InputStream'.
The question is: How can i display the pdf-file? i.e. how can I display an InputStream? or how can I store the pdf-file to allow opening with new File()?
A:
TRY this..
//place pdf in asset folder just to try
Uri file= Uri.parse("file:///android_asset/mypdf.pdf");
String mimeType = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(file.toString()));
try{
Intent i;
i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
i.setDataAndType(file,mimeType);
startActivity(i);
}catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
Toast.makeText(this,
"No Application Available to fiew this file type",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
– Hvorfor forsvinner alle jeg blir glad i, mamma?
Christine vet ikke lenger hva hun skal svare den gråtkvalte datteren. Nok en gang har de fått beskjed om at det kommer en ny kontaktperson på skolen. For familien er dette som å få et dødsbudskap.
– Datteren vår er helt avhengig av stabilitet og trygghet på grunn av diagnosen hun har. Hver gang det kommer en ny kontaktperson går vi gjennom en ny kamp. Det er utrolig krevende, og vi opplever at mange lærere er helt uten kompetanse, sier Christine.
Øynene har blitt blanke, og hun må stoppe opp og ta en pause mens hun forteller. Stines stefar setter seg nærmere inntil henne i den svarte sofaen i leiligheten i Trondheim. Å være en maktesløs mamma, føles forferdelig tungt.
Den vanskelige sykdommen
På grunn av at foreldrene ønsker at datteren skal være anonym har vi valgt å kalle jenta «Stine» i denne saken.
Stine er 12 år. Hun har ADHD og ODD. På grunn av ukontrollerte raserianfall og mangel på impulskontroll har det blitt mange episoder i klasserommet.
I fjor høst ble hele klassen sendt hjem etter et av Stines raseriutbrudd.
– Hun låste seg inn på do, skrudde på krana og fylte vasken med vann slik at det ble oversvømmelse. Så gikk hun inn i klasserommet og klippet i stykker boken til en gutt, raserte pulten til læreren og kastet en PC gjennom rommet. I neste øyeblikk gikk hun bort til ei jente og klippet i håret hennes, forteller moren.
Opposisjonell atferdsforstyrrelse (ODD) Ekspandér faktaboks Kjennetegn på diagnosen: Barnet mister lett besinnelsen, krangler mye med voksne, nekter å følge beskjeder, plager andre med vilje, gir andre skylden for egne feil, er nærtagende og blir lett irritert, blir fort sint og fornærmet, er slem og hevnlysten.
For at et barn skal få diagnosen må barnet ha vist symptomer på et vedvarende mønster av negativ, opposisjonell og fiendtlig atferd over tid. Vanskene må være mer omfattende enn hos andre barn på samme alder, og føre til nedsatt fungering i hverdagen.
Diagnosen ble introdusert som selvstendig diagnose i 1980, siden har den vært lite forsket på.
(Kilde: Tidsskrift for norsk psykologforening)
Før hendelsen hadde jenta bedt om å få gå hjem fra skolen. Det hadde skjedd en episode i friminuttet og i slike situasjoner reagerer Stine annerledes enn andre barn. Hun kjenner at sinnet kommer. Eksplosivt. Ukontrollerbart. Hun er selv redd for hva hun kan finne på å gjøre.
– «Jeg trenger å være alene, jeg vil hjem», hadde hun sagt til læreren flere ganger, forteller moren.
Men læreren nektet henne å dra noe sted.
Christine kjenner datteren ut og inn og vet hva som trigger henne. Det har de også prøvd å fortelle lærerne, men mange av dem som har ansvaret for jenta på skolen har ikke kompetanse på området. De er heller ikke sammen med henne lenge nok, slik at de lærer henne å kjenne.
Ifølge skolen var læreren som hadde ansvaret for Stine syk den dagen hun gikk amok i klasserommet, og noen stedfortreder var ikke å oppdrive.
Fortvilelsen brer seg i morens ansikt. Det gjør henne vondt å fortelle om det datteren kan finne på å gjøre, og verre skal det bli.
Mange barn som har behov for spesialundervisning blir tatt ut av klasserommet uten at det er grunnlag for å gjøre det, mener barneombudet. Foto: Roald, Berit / NTB scanpix
Ble spyttet på
12-åringen fikk ADHD-diagnosen for tre år siden, men allerede i barnehagen skjønte de at hun ikke var som de andre barna. Foreldrene har siden vært i samtaler med skoleledelsen og lærerne flere ganger, men ingenting har hjulpet. Det hele toppet seg da Stines nye kontaktperson bestemte seg for å ta igjen.
– Hun havnet i en uklar disputt med noen jenter, og ble konfrontert av to lærere. I forkant hadde hun gitt beskjed om at hun ville være alene med den ene læreren på grunn av relasjonen til denne personen. Datteren vår sa: «kommer du hit spytter jeg på deg» og den nye læreren gav jenta et verbalt ultimatum. «Spytter du på meg, spytter jeg tilbake». Det gjorde hun også, forteller Christine.
Hendelsen har satt et støkk i moren.
En voksen person, ansatt ved en barneskole, spyttet på 12-åringen hennes.
Stines stefar er tidligere politi og forteller at han aldri har opplevd lignende.
– Det er i strid med opplæringsloven, Trondheim kommunes etiske retningslinjer og straffeloven. Det er forferdelig det som skjedde. Det er helt uakseptabelt. Det er så langt unna alt, og ikke minst, hva det har gjort med Stine i den situasjonen hun er i. Hvordan skal man rette opp dette, spør han.
NRK har vært i kontakt med rektor på skolen hvor hendelsen skjedde. Hun ønsker ikke å kommentere saken, og sier at dette er en personalsak.
– Skolen jobber kontinuerlig med kompetanseutvikling i hele personalet, og deltar for tiden i et utviklingsarbeid med fokus på relasjon voksen-barn for et best mulig læringsmiljø for alle elever, forteller hun.
Hun sier også at dette er en enkelthendelse som på ingen måte representerer skolens praksis.
Rådmann beklager
Rådmann i Trondheim kommune, Morten Wolden synes det er svært beklagelig at det skjer alvorlige hendelser i Trondheimskolene. Foto: Lars Erik Skjærseth / NRK
Rådmann i Trondheim kommune, Morten Wolden, er blitt orientert om spytteepisoden på barneskolen i Trondheim, og synes hendelsen er beklagelig.
– Jeg har nylig fått opplyst at dette har skjedd, men jeg kjenner ikke detaljene i hendelsen. Jeg beklager på vegne av kommunen, samtidig er dette en sak som jeg er trygg på at skolen selv tar fatt i og håndterer overfor den aktuelle elev og foreldre, sier Wolden.
Rådmannen føler ikke at mangel på spesialpedagoger eller kvalifiserte lærere har blitt løftet opp som en problemstilling i Trondheim kommune.
– Jeg snakker med foreldre som har en opplevelse av at det tar tid før tiltak blir iverksatt. Men når det gjelder denne saken spesielt så er jeg opplyst om at den er blitt fulgt opp i tråd med opplæringslovens bestemmelser knyttet til spesialundervisning. Skolen har ikke mottatt en klage fra foreldrene, sier Wolden.
Christine bekrefter noe av det rådmannen sier.
– Men vi har vært kritiske til både prosesser og alle vedtak og vært pådrivere til forbedringer. Om vi som foreldre ikke hadde gjort det, så hadde situasjonen vært betydelig verre. Men hvis det er en klage skolen vil ha, så skal det sies at det er skrevet mange mailer som ikke har blitt besvart skriftlig. De har kanskje ikke vært formelle nok og ikke blitt oppfattet som klager. Selv skoleteamet er jo kritiske til kompetansenivået, både faglig og personlig, sier moren.
Mangler kvalifiserte lærere
Hele 49 000 elever får i dag spesialundervisning i norsk skole. Det er i gjennomsnitt to i hver klasse. Ifølge barneombudet er halvparten av undervisningen uten kvalifiserte lærere, og barn med behov for spesialundervisning får ikke lærere med rett kompetanse på samme måte som andre elever.
– Det vi har sett er at veldig mye av den undervisningen for barn med spesielle behov foretas av lærere uten riktig kompetanse. Det er grunn til bekymring fordi elever som trenger det mest ender opp med lærere eller assistenter som ikke er i stand til å hjelpe disse barna slik at de får utviklet seg som de skal, sier barneombud, Anne Lindboe til NRK.
Barneombud, Anne Lindboe, mener det er svært bekymringsfullt at barn som trenger spesialopplæring i skolen ikke har lærere med kompetanse å forholde seg til. Foto: Marius Hauge / Barneombudet
Stine har nesten ikke vært med i en vanlig skoletime på to år.
Ifølge Lindboe blir veldig mange barn satt sammen i oppbevaringsgrupper sammen med barn som har helt andre opplæringsbehov enn dem selv.
– Det er svært bekymringsfullt. De får ikke utnyttet det potensial de har. Det stilles få krav til hva man skal oppnå og det er lite ambisjoner på vegne av elevene. Det er veldig alvorlig, sier hun.
I Trondheim kommune er det skoleteamet i Barne- og familietjenesten (BFT) som skal veilede skoler som opplever utfordringer med barn som har spesielle behov.
– Skoleteamet består av seks mennesker som skal støtte alle skolene i kommunen. De er ikke ansatte, de kommer bare etterpå for å veilede. Datteren min skulle vært med slike voksenpersoner hele tiden, for de har virkelig fagkompetanse, sier Stines mor.
Teamleder i Trondheim kommune, Geir Mosand, forteller at de helst skulle ha vært flere.
– Vi har mye å gjøre. Vi kunne jo tenkt oss å være mange flere. Vi skulle gjerne ha vært en eller to til, sier Mosand til NRK.
– Er det mangel på kompetanse blant lærerne i grunnskolen?
– Hvis Skoleteamet skal si noe om hva som ofte står litt i veien for å finne gode løsninger og skape positiv endring, så er det en forståelse av hvordan barns atferd virker inn på hverandre og behovet for å oppleve naturlig tilgang til medelever slik at man får et inkluderende klassemiljø, sier Mosand.
En alternativ skole
Gjennom hele barneskolen har foreldrene kjempet en kamp for at Stine skal få ha en fast kontaktlærer som har kompetanse og erfaring med barn som har ADHD og ODD. De siste årene har datteren blitt tatt ut av timene for å gjøre andre ting. Hun er 12 år, men har ikke lenger undervisning i en vanlig skoleklasse.
– Sammen med en voksen har hun trålet butikker og handlet til kakebaking, vært på McDonalds utallige antall ganger og vært på alle byens museum. Det holder ikke. Jeg savner et mål og en plan for læringen, sier moren.
Barneombud, Anne Lindboe, mener at det å ta et barn ut av klassen er en lettvint løsning.
– Konsekvenser kan være at de blir ekskludert, de blir ensomme og får følelsen av å ikke høre til. Så kan det også være at de ender opp med å lære veldig lite, sier hun.
Hun mener det er fullt mulig å inkludere barn med utfordringer i læringsmiljøet i klassen.
– Vi ser eksempler på klasser der det funker. Det er skoler som har evnet å få det til med barn som har store utfordringer, fordi de gjør de tiltakene som er nødvendig. Det er ekstremt alvorlig at barn går i årevis uten å få noe som helst undervisning og lære noe. Man fratar dem veldig mange muligheter senere, sier Lindboe.
Skolens ansvar
Fagsjef i ADHD Norge, Nina Holmen, mener tilbudet barn med ADHD får i skolen ikke er godt nok. Hun får ofte telefoner fra forelder som mener at skolen ikke setter krav eller læringsmål for barnet.
Nina Holmen i ADHD Norge mener struktur og organisering i skolehverdagen er svært viktig når man jobber med barn med ekstra behov. Om man lykkes avhenger mye av skolens ledelse og er svært personavhengig fra lærer til lærer. Segregerte tilbud vil man bort fra- Foto: ADHD Norge
– Det anbefales at man er i en ordinær klasse og at man inkluderes. Det sosiale er kjempeviktig. På sikt hjelper det ingenting å ta barnet ut av klasserommet, sier hun.
Hun forteller at det er skolens ledelse som har ansvaret for at barna får det tilbudet de har krav på.
– Men vi mangler spesialpedagoger. Ofte er det sånn at det er kontaktlærer som lager opplegget for barnet, og så er det ufaglærte assistenter som utfører det barnet skal lære. De minst utdannede tar dermed vare på dem som trenger det mest.
Ifølge Holmen er det et problem at det er store utskiftninger av kontaktpersoner.
– Det er svært utfordrende for disse barna og ha ulike mennesker å forholde seg til. De trenger noen få, faste, som de kan bli trygge på, sier hun.
Ei vanlig jente
Det har ikke skjedd noen alvorlige hendelser etter spytteepisoden, heldigvis, forteller Christine. Men datteren har mistet kontakt med mange av vennene sine. Hun er mye alene, for flere av klassekameratene har blitt redde for henne.
– De i klassen hennes har jo sett mange dårlige sider, som følge av alle triggerne og episodene som har vært på skolen. Jeg skulle ønske at noen hadde klart å se den jenta vi ser hjemme. Hun er snill og smart, og som alle andre jenter, forteller moren.
Hun er også redd for hva de andre foreldrene forteller barna sine.
– Det er en ting når voksne og lærere gir uttrykk for at de kanskje misliker en unge. Det smitter også over på barna, og de får også en dårlig holdning til dette barnet. Jeg lurer på hva de sa da de fikk vite at hun ble spyttet på. Kanskje de synes det var til pass for henne, sier moren.
Christine viser frem papirer med notater over hendelser som har skjedd de siste månedene. Forhåpentligvis blir den nye kontaktpersonen værende lenger enn den forrige. De har fått beskjed om at denne har utdanning innenfor spesialpedagogikk.
Forsatt kjemper de for å få Stine inn i klasserommet med andre elever.
– Det holder ikke for oss at hun sitter for seg selv. Resultatet er ei deprimert jente. Det blir fort slik, når man tas ut av all sosial kontakt i skolen, sier Christine.
Om alt går som hun håper, får datteren likevel en verdig og fin avslutning på barneskolen, som hun avslutter om knappe fem måneder. | {
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Sayan Namwong
Sayan Namwong (born 6 March 1975) is a Thai sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Thai male sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of Thailand
Category:Place of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Minerals • Ore: deposit that contains enough metal that we can extract economically. • Most metals are found in minerals. • Names of minerals are usually based on the location of their discovery. • Other minerals are named after their colors: malachite comes from the Greek malache (the name of the tree with very green leaves). • Most important ores are oxide, sulfide and carbonates.
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METALLURGY Metallurgy is the process of obtaining a metal from its ores. Ore is a natural deposit containing the metal. Gangue is the undesirable material in the ore, e.g. sand, clay.
Metallurgy • Metallurgy is the science and technology of extracting metals from minerals. • There are five important steps: – Mining (getting the ore out of the ground); – Concentrating (preparing it for further treatment); – Reduction (to obtain the free metal in the zero oxidation state); – Refining (to obtain the pure metal); and – Mixing with other metals (to form an alloy).
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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Q:
#1411 - Incorrect datetime value: '11:21:21' for function str_to_date
I don't understand why the date format is incorrect:
INSERT INTO ticks (idticks, symbol, date, time, size, type) VALUES (
1,
'EUR-USD',
STR_TO_DATE('10-04-2017', '%d-%m-%Y'),
STR_TO_DATE('11:21:21', '%h:%i:%s'),
1.656,
'askbid');
MySQL answers :
#1411 - Incorrect datetime value: '11:21:21' for function str_to_date
Thank for you help.
A:
@xQbert - This is not a error in Version 5.7 !!!!!
In Version 5.7 is the sql_mode set with NO_ZERO_IN_DATE
and this means that only valid dates are accepted. if you remove them
all is working like 5.6
sample
mysql> INSERT INTO ticks (idticks, symbol, DATE, `time`, size, TYPE) VALUES (
-> 1,
-> 'EUR-USD',
-> STR_TO_DATE('10-04-2017', '%d-%m-%Y'),
-> STR_TO_DATE('11:21:21', '%h:%i:%s'),
->
-> 1.656,
-> 'askbid');
ERROR 1411 (HY000): Incorrect datetime value: '11:21:21' for function str_to_date
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode';
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| sql_mode | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0,02 sec)
mysql> SET sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0,00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO ticks (idticks, symbol, DATE, `time`, size, TYPE) VALUES ( 1, 'EUR-USD', STR_TO_DATE('10-04-2017', '%d-%m-%Y'), STR_TO_DATE('11:21:21', '%h:%i:%s'), 1.656, 'askbid');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec)
mysql>
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Reproduction of proliferative enteritis in hamsters with a pure culture of porcine ileal symbiont intracellularis.
Hamsters, three weeks old, were inoculated orally with suspensions of intracellular bacteria, grown in tissue culture cells, IEC-18, rat enterocytes. Cells had been infected with suspensions of intracellular bacteria derived from the lesions of proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy occurring naturally in two pigs 916/91 and 1482/89. Infected cell lines containing each separate strain, 916/91 and 1482/89, were passaged one, two or five times and pure cultures of intracellular bacteria, identified as ileal symbiont intracellularis by immunological means, were collected from the cells and used as inocula. Ten of sixteen hamsters dosed with 916/91 passaged one or five times, developed lesions of proliferative enteritis evident as necropsy three weeks after inoculation. Hamsters inoculated with 1482/89 passaged twice and stored frozen, or IEC-18 cells alone or those left uninoculated, failed to develop lesions of proliferative enteritis. Campylobacter jejuni infection occurred throughout, in all groups. Marked hyperplasia of ileal enterocytes, associated with numerous intracellular curved bacteria was invariably detected in experimentally affected hamsters. Immunofluorescence reactions with specific antibodies indicated that these intracellular bacteria were also ileal symbiont intracellularis. The results suggested that proliferative enteritis could be reproduced in hamsters with a pure culture of an agent derived from pigs. We concluded that the reproduction of the disease with our inocula containing a single agent clarifies the aetiology of proliferative enteritis in both hamsters and pigs. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
---
abstract: |
We analyze longitudinal pion spectra from $E_{\rm lab}= 2A$ GeV to $\sqrt
{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV within Landau’s hydrodynamical model. From the measured data on the widths of the pion rapidity spectra, we extract the sound velocity $c_s^2$ in the early stage of the reactions. It is found that the sound velocity has a local minimum (indicating a softest point in the equation of state, EoS) at $E_{\rm beam}=30A$ GeV. This softening of the EoS is compatible with the assumption of the formation of a mixed phase at the onset of deconfinement.
address: 'Institut für Theoretische Physik, J. W. Goethe Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany'
author:
- Marcus Bleicher
title: |
Evidence for the Onset of Deconfinement\
from Longitudinal Momentum Distributions?\
Observation of the Softest Point of the Equation of State
---
Over the last years, a wealth of detailed data in the $20A-160A$ GeV energy regime has become available. The systematic study of these data revealed surprising (non-monotonous) structures in various observables around $30A$ GeV beam energy. Most notable irregular structures in that energy regime include,
- the sharp maximum in the K$^+/\pi^+$ ratio [@Afanasiev:2002mx; @Gazdzicki:2004ef],
- a step in the transverse momentum excitation function (as seen through $\langle m_\perp\rangle -m_0$ ) [@Gazdzicki:2004ef; @na49_blume],
- an apparent change in the pion per participant ratio [@Gazdzicki:2004ef] and
- increased ratio fluctuations (due to missing data at low energies it is unknown if this is a local maximum or an ongoing increase of the fluctuations) [@Roland:2005pr].
It has been speculated, that these observation hint towards the onset of deconfinement already at $30A$ GeV beam energy. Indeed, increased strangeness production [@Koch:1986ud] and enhanced fluctuations have long been predicted as a sign of QGP formation [@Bleicher:2000ek; @Shuryak:2000pd; @Heiselberg:2000ti; @Muller:2001wj; @Gazdzicki:2003bb; @Gorenstein:2003hk] within different frameworks and observables. The suggestion of an enhanced strangeness to entropy ratio ($\sim K/\pi$) as indicator for the onset of QGP formation was especially advocated in [@SMES]. Also the high and approximately constant $K^\pm$ inverse slopes of the $m_T$ spectra above $\sim 30A$ GeV - the ’step’ - was also found to be consistent with the assumption of a parton $\leftrightarrow$ hadron phase transition at low SPS energies [@Gorenstein:2003cu; @Hama:2004re]. Surprisingly, transport simulations (supplemented by recent lattice QCD (lQCD) calculations) have also suggested that partonic degrees of freedom might already lead to visible effects at $\sim 30A$ GeV [@Weber98; @MT-prl; @Bratkovskaya:2004kv]. Finally, the comparison of the thermodynamic parameters $T$ and $\mu_B$ extracted from the transport models in the central overlap region [@Bravina] with the experimental systematics on chemical freeze-out configurations [@Braun-Munzinger:1996mq; @Braun-Munzinger:1998cg; @Cleymans] in the $T-\mu_B$ plane do also suggest that a first glimpse on a deconfined state might be possible around $10A-30A$ GeV.
In this letter, we explore whether similar irregularities are also present in the excitation function of longitudinal observables, namely rapidity distributions. Here we will employ Landau’s hydrodynamical model [@Fermi:1950jd; @Landau:gs; @Belenkij:cd; @Shuryak:1972zq; @Carruthers:ws; @Carruthers:dw; @Carruthers:1981vs]. This model entered the focus again after the most remarkable observation that the rapidity distributions at all investigated energies can be well described by a single Gaussian at each energy. The energy dependence of the width can also be reasonably described by the same model. For recent applications of Landau’s model to relativistic hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus interactions the reader is referred to [@Feinberg:1988et; @Stachel:1989pa; @Steinberg:2004vy; @Murray:2004gh; @Roland:2004] (and Refs. therein).
The main physics assumptions of Landau’s picture are as follows: The collision of two Lorentz-contracted nuclei leads to full thermalization in a volume of size $V/\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$. This justifies the use of thermodynamics and establishes the system size and energy dependence. Usually, a simple equation of state $p=c_s^2\epsilon$ with $c_s^2=1/3$ ($c_s$ denotes the speed of sound) is assumed. For simplicity, chemical potentials are not taken into account. From these assumptions follows a universal formula for the distribution of the produced entropy, determined mainly by the initial Lorentz contraction and Gaussian rapidity spectrum for newly produced particles. Under the condition that $c_s$ is independent of temperature, the rapidity density is given by [@Shuryak:1972zq; @Carruthers:dw]: $$\frac{dN}{dy}=\frac{Ks_{\rm NN}^{1/4}}{\sqrt{2\pi \sigma_y^2}}\,\exp\left(-\frac{y^2}{2\sigma_y^2}\right)
\label{eq1}$$ with $$\sigma_y^2=\frac{8}{3}\frac{c_s^2}{1-c_s^4}\,{\rm ln}({\sqrt {s_{\rm NN}}}/{2m_p})\quad,
\label{eq2}$$ where $K$ is a normalisation factor and $m_p$ is the proton mass. The model relates the observed particle multiplicity and distribution in a simple and direct way to the parameters of the QCD matter under consideration.
Let us now analyze the available experimental data on rapidity distributions of negatively charged pions in terms of the Landau model. Fig. \[rapwidth\] shows the measured root mean square $\sigma_y$ of the rapidity distribution of negatively charged pions in central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) reactions as a function of the beam rapidity. The dotted line indicates the Landau model predictions with the commonly used constant sound velocity $c_s^2=1/3$. The full line shows a linear fit through the data points, while the data points [@na49_blume; @Roland:2004; @klay; @brahms] are depicted by full symbols.
At a first glance the energy dependence looks structureless. The data seem to follow a linear dependence on the beam rapidity $y_p$ without any irregularities. However, the general trend of the rapidity widths is also well reproduced by Landau’s model with an equation of state with a fixed speed of sound. Nevertheless, there seem to be systematic deviations. At low AGS energies and at RHIC, the experimental points are generally underpredicted by Eq. (\[eq2\]), while in the SPS energy regime Landau’s model overpredicts the widths of the rapidity distributions. Exactly these deviations from the simple Landau picture do allow to gain information on the equation of state of the matter produced in the early stage of the reaction. By inverting Eq. (\[eq2\]) we can express the speed of sound $c_s^2$ in the medium as a function of the measured width of the rapidity distribution: $$c_s^2=-\frac{4}{3}\frac{{\rm ln}({\sqrt {s_{\rm NN}}}/{2 m_p})}{\sigma_y^2}
+\sqrt{\left[\frac{4}{3}\frac{{\rm ln}({\sqrt {s_{\rm NN}}}/{2 m_p})}{\sigma_y^2}\right]^2+1}\quad.
\label{eq3}$$
Let us now investigate the energy dependence of the sound velocities extracted from the data. Figure \[cs2\] shows the speed of sound as a function of beam energy for central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) reactions as obtained from the data using Eq. (\[eq3\]). The sound velocities exhibit a clear minimum (usually called the softest point) around a beam energy of $30A$ GeV. A localized softening of the equation of state is a long predicted signal for the mixed phase at the transition energy from hadronic to partonic matter [@Hung:1994eq; @Rischke:1995pe; @Brachmann:1999mp]. Therefore, we conclude that the measured data on the rapidity widths of negatively charged pions are indeed compatible with the assumption of the onset of deconfinement at the lower SPS energy range. However, presently we can not rule out that also an increased resonance contribution may be the cause of the softening [@soft].
In conclusion, we have explored the excitation functions of the rapidity widths of negatively charged pions in Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions.
- The rapidity spectra of pions produced in central nucleus-nucleus reactions at all investigated energies can be well described by single Gaussians.
- The energy dependence of the width of the pion rapidity distribution follows the prediction of Landau’s hydrodynamical model if a variation of the sound velocity is taken into account.
- The speed of sound excitation function extracted from the data has a pronounced minimum (softest point) at $E_{\rm beam}=30A$ GeV.
- This softest point might be due to the formation of a mixed phase indicating the onset of deconfinement at this energy.
Further explorations of this energy domain is needed and can be done at the future FAIR facility and by CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC experiments.
Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered}
================
The author thanks C. Blume and M. Gazdzicki for fruitful and stimulating discussions. This work was supported by GSI, DFG and BMBF. This work used computational resources provided by the Center for Scientific Computing at Frankfurt (CSC).
References {#references .unnumbered}
==========
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J.Klay [*et al.*]{} \[E895 Collaboration\], Phys. Rev. C [**68**]{}, 054905 (2003)
I.G. Bearden [*et al.*]{} \[Brahms Collaboration\], Phys. Rev. Lett. [**94**]{}, 162301 (2005)
C. M. Hung and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. Lett. [**75**]{}, 4003 (1995) \[arXiv:hep-ph/9412360\]. D. H. Rischke, Y. Pursun, J. A. Maruhn, H. Stoecker and W. Greiner, Heavy Ion Phys. [**1**]{}, 309 (1995) \[arXiv:nucl-th/9505014\]. J. Brachmann, A. Dumitru, H. Stoecker and W. Greiner, Eur. Phys. J. A [**8**]{}, 549 (2000) \[arXiv:nucl-th/9912014\]. R. Hagedorn, Nuov. Cim. Suppl. 3, 147 (1965); J. Rafelski and R. Hagedorn, Bielefeld Symp., ed. H. Satz, pp. 253 (1980)
| {
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
} |
Q:
Chrome devtools reporting the same CSS on the same line twice
Chrome DevTools is reporting the same CSS on the same line twice. Is anyone else seeing this? How can I fix it?
The problem occurs in both stable (40) and Canary (42)
style.css is being loaded exactly once. It is not minified.
A:
There's a few options here:
You may have included the stylesheet twice
If that is not the case (you're not using preprocessors or minification) I suspect have you included two references to the same file. Use view source for this - in the network tab they would appear as the same file.
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Test</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="test.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="test.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h2 class="title">Title</h2>
</body>
</html>
CSS
h2.title {font-size: 30pt; color: #24a222; }
Result
You may have declared h2.title twice on the same line.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Test</title>
<style>
h2.title {font-size: 30pt; color: #24a222; }h2.title {font-size: 30pt; color: #24a222; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2 class="title">Title</h2>
</body>
</html>
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Launch an aws instance from snapshot, can't find kernel ids
SHORT VERSION:
For AWS how do you find the kernel id from a given ami id, or from an instance launched with that ami.
LONG VERSION:
I have an aws instance where all drives are ebs backed. I'm trying to launch an exact copy of it from snapshots of the drives.
The first step in this process is to create a new ami from the root volume snapshot. When I have done this previously I've just googled the ami id and found somewhere that had the Kernel ID posted for the standard ubuntu ami I had selected from the aws console, but that doesn't seem to be work this time.
A lot of searching, reading the documentation, and aws forums makes it sound like the kernel file should be populated in the instance description, but for me (and a lot of other people in the forums) its blank. I tried launching a new (from the console) instance [Amazon Linux AMI 2014.09 (HVM) - ami-08842d60] the kernel field is blank for that one also.
If I create a brand new machine, snapshot it, and then leave the kernel as default the ami works just fine, but default doesn't work for any of the older ami's I have tried.
Any one have any idea what the process for finding kernek ID for an ami is these days?
A:
SHORT VERSION:
It seems that you don't need a kernel id at all if your ami is an hvm, so long as your set your options right.
LONG VERSION:
If you create your ami using a boto call like:
ami_id = conn.register_image(
name='some_name',
description='some_description',
architecture='x86_64',
root_device_name='/dev/sda1',
snapshot_id=snapshot_id,
delete_root_volume_on_termination=True)
It seems to work if the instance's original ami is the most recent hvm ami listed in the aws console. But stopped working once aws updated its default ami's. I assumed its because something on the backend picks up the right kernel id or something. Either way this working is VERY CONFUSING!
However if you set the virtualization_type to hvm it seems consistently works without a kernel id.
ami_id = conn.register_image(
name='some_name',
description='some_description',
architecture='x86_64',
virtualization_type='hvm',
root_device_name='/dev/sda1',
snapshot_id=snapshot_id,
delete_root_volume_on_termination=True)
On the other hand if your instance is paravirtual it seems that so long as you specify the kernel you don't need to specify the virtualization_type in the boto call.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
CindiLou
I think Joanna will be gone this week. The pretty girl (Heidi, Shawna, Jenna) plus Deena alliance will make sure of that! This will also break up Jeanne and Joanna alliance. Christy just seems to be a wild card right now. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
This invention relates to a dispensing package for a cosmetic/antiperspirant/deodorant or other stick product. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Q:
Will the energy of a randomly driven harmonic oscillator grow to infinity or oscillate about a finite value?
The equation of motion for an undamped harmonic oscillator, with driver $f=f(t)$ is given by:
$$\ddot{x}+x=f.$$
Let the initial conditions be given by:
$$x(0)=\dot{x}(0)=0.$$
If $f=\cos(t)$ then the solution is:
$$x(t)=\frac{1}{2}t\sin(t).$$
Hence, a resonance is setup and the energy of the oscillator will grow forever.
If $f=\cos(\omega t)$ where $\omega\ne1$, the solution is:
$$x(t)=\frac{2}{\omega^2-1}\sin\left(\frac{\omega-1}{2}t\right)\sin\left(\frac{\omega+1}{2}t\right),$$
hence, the energy oscillates about some finite value. My question is, if $f$ were replaced with some continuous random driver where the frequency profile resmbled that of say gaussian white noise, would the energy of the oscillator grow forever or would it oscillate about some finite value?
Does anyone know of a simple function I could replace $f$ with to generate a continuous white noise driver?
A:
If you have a Gaussian random force, the equation becomes a Langevin equation. In physicists notation, you would write
$$ \ddot x + x = \lambda \xi(t) \tag{1}$$
with $\lambda$ the strength of the random force and (the bracket denotes the stochastic average)
$$\langle \xi(t) \rangle = 0, \quad \text{and} \quad \langle \xi(t) \xi(t') \rangle = \delta(t-t')\,. \tag{2}$$
Note that in mathematics instead stochastic differential equations are more conventional.
Let us assume that $x(0)=\dot x(0)=0$.
We can solve (1) to obtain
$$ x(t) = \lambda \int_0^t\!\sin(t-t') \xi(t')\,dt'\,. \tag{3}$$
This is a stochastic solution as it depends on the random function $\xi(t)$. However, from (3) together with (2) we can calculate statistical predictions. For example the average position is given by
$$\langle x(t) \rangle =0\,,$$
which is not unexpected (just compare it to a random walk). So on average the oscillator does diverge as it does not even move.
Of course, the more reasonable measure if the harmonic oscillator performs an unbounded oscillation is the variance. We obtain
$$\langle x(t)^2 \rangle = \lambda^2 \int_0^t \int_0^t\!\sin(t-t') \sin(t-t'') \langle\xi(t')\xi(t'')\rangle\,dt''\,dt' =\lambda^2 \int_0^t \sin^2(t-t')\,dt' = \lambda^2 \left(\frac{t}2 - \frac{\sin(2t)}{4}\right)\,. $$
From this we see that the typical amplitude of the oscillation, given by $\sqrt{\langle x(t)^2 \rangle }$ behaves as
$$ \sqrt{\langle x(t)^2 \rangle} \sim \lambda \sqrt{\frac{t}{2}}$$
for $t\to\infty$; i.e., the oscillation grows without bounds. However, the amplitude of the oscillation only grows as $\sqrt{t}$ instead of proportional to $t$.
A:
Does anyone know of a simple function I could replace f with to generate a continuous white noise driver?
I'm not sure if this approach will help you, but here it is. My approach to problems such as the one you presented is related to implementation of said problem and then derive some, at least numeric, result. Having this said, I would do as follows.
Consider a finite discrete Gaussian white noise which is stored in an array $G(n\Delta t)$, with $n$ from $0$ to $N$. This can be interpolated using a polynomial $P(t)$ of order $N-1$ which is unique. This polynomial should be the solution you are looking for for $t\in[0,N\Delta t]$. From this you can compute your driver function using
$$f(t)=\frac{d^2 P}{dt^2}(t) + P(t)$$
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Vigilance: the essence of nursing.
Nursing, perhaps more than any other health care profession, claims caring as fundamental to its practice. Professional vigilance is the essence of caring in nursing. This article uses historical and theoretical bases to define professional vigilance and discuss its components. Two types of nursing diagnoses, central and surveillance, are proposed. Central diagnoses indicate the need for the nurse to plan and implement interventions for the achievement of outcomes. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA)-approved diagnoses fall in this category. Surveillance diagnoses are those that recognize patient risks that are anticipated by the nurse, who remains ready to act in the event of occurrence. The profession, as a whole, and language developers, in particular, need to expand standardized nursing diagnosis terminology so that the contribution of nurses' vigilance to patient safety may be effectively communicated and documented. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
---
abstract: |
The decay of $\a$ particle from a nucleus is viewed as a quantum resonance state of a two-body scattering process of the $\a$+daughter nucleus pair governed by a novel nucleus-nucleus potential in squared Woods-Saxon form. By the application of the rigorous optical model (OM) potential scattering (S-matrix) theory the genuineness of the potential for the system is established by giving good explanation of the elastic scattering and reaction cross sections data of the $\a$+nucleus pair. From the pole position in the complex momentum (k) plane of the S-matrix defined above, the energy and width of the resonance state akin to the decaying state of emission of $\a$ particle are extracted and from this width, the result of $\a$-decay half-life is derived to account for the experimental result of half-life in the cases of large number of $\a$-emitters including heavy and super-heavy nuclei. The S-matrix of the full OM calculation above is replaced by an analytical function expressed in terms of exact Schrödinger solutions of a global potential that closely represents the Coulomb-nuclear interaction in the interior and the pure Coulomb wave functions outside, and the resonant poles of this S-matrix in the complex momentum plane are used to give satisfactory results of decay half-lives of $\a$ coming out from varieties of nuclei.\
PACS number(s): 23.60.+e, 21.10.Tg, 23.70.+j, 27.90.+b
author:
- 'Basudeb Sahu$^{1}$ and Swagatika Bhoi$^{2}$'
title: 'The potential for $\a$ induced nuclear scattering, reaction and decay, and a resonance-pole-decay model with exact explicit analytical solutions '
---
INTRODUCTION
============
The process of decay of alpha ($\alpha$) particle from heavy and super-heavy nuclei has been studied intensively in the past few years [@moh06; @xu05; @den05; @gam05; @dup06; @don05; @dong05; @chow06; @sahu08; @sahu10; @sah16; @sah13]. In many papers a simple two-body model was applied [@sah16; @sah13; @gur87] and in most papers a potential was derived that was able to fit the measured $\a$-decay half-lives of the alpha emitters. In recent time, such a potential for the $\a$+nucleus two-body interaction is generated microscopically in the double folding ($t\rho \rho$ approximation) using explicitly the nuclear (both proton and neutron) densities [@gam03; @gam05]. However, most of the studies did not attempt to use these potentials for the description of other experimental quantities such as, for example, $\a$-scattering cross sections or reaction (fusion) cross sections. Using the potential extracted from the fitting of decay rate data, Devisov and Ikezoe [@den05] estimated the values of fusion cross section as a function of energy by treating fusion process as a one-dimensional barrier passing mechanism. Bhagwat and Gambhir [@bha08] have tried to account for the measured results of fusion cross sections in some cases of $\a$+nucleus systems by the similar one-dimensional treatment of the fusion process and found no success in explaining the data of fusion cross sections and the decay half-lives by using the potential obtained within the framework of mean field theory. In both the studies stated above, the potential under question has not been used or tested for the analysis of angular variation of the experimental values of differential scattering cross sections at different incident energies. It is well known that the genuineness of a nucleus-nucleus potential rests on the satisfactory explanation of the above elastic scattering data in the optical model potential (OMP) analysis. Through this analysis only, can one know the exact height and radial position of the Coulomb-nuclear potential barrier. Using a potential, without proper verification of its barrier height and position, in the studies of other processes namely fusion and decay does not go well with the physical understanding of the processes.
In principle, the application of semi-classical model for tunneling is not necessary for the calculation of $\a$-decay half-lives and the fusion reaction cross section in the quantum mechanical two-body collision process of $\a$-nucleus system. From the potential, using the rigorous S-matrix (SM) theory of potential scattering, one can directly obtain the energy and decay width from the poles of the SM in the lower half of the complex momentum (k) plane close to the real axis [@sahu10]. Further, this SM method can be amalgamated within a code developed for calculating phase-shifts and cross sections in the same $\a$+nucleus collision problem to explain the elastic scattering and reaction (fusion) cross section data in a unified way [@bsahu08; @bsahu12]. The motivation of this paper is to present a phenomenological potential for the $\a$+nucleus system which is consistent with the potential generated by relativistic mean field (RMF) theory [@kum16] and is suitable for simultaneous description of three important events of $\a$ induced nuclear reaction namely (i) elastic scattering, (ii) reaction, and (iii) $\a$ emission by giving satisfactory explanation of the measured quantities: elastic scattering cross section, reaction cross section and $\a$-decay half-life by the calculated results obtained using the SM theory of potential scattering.
Further, the combined Coulomb-nuclear potential adopted above is closely reproduced by a r-dependent potential expression. Using this potential form, we exactly solve the Schrödinger equation and match them with the analytical Coulomb wave functions outside and obtain an expression for the S-matrix explicitly as a function of the incident energy and the potential parameters. Then, from the pole position in the complex momentum (k) plane of the S-matrix, we extract the energy and width of the resonance state akin to the decaying state of emission of $\a$ particle from a nucleus. With this simple model of potential scattering calculation we achieve good explanation of the experimental results of $\a$-decay half-lives in the cases of several $\a$-emitters that include heavy and super-heavy nuclei.
In Sec. II, the details of the OMP calculation and the derivation of the expression for the S-matrix of the exactly solvable potential are given. Section III discusses the applications of the formulation to the explanation of the experimental data of elastic scattering cross section, reaction cross section and $\a$-decay half-life. In Sec. IV, we present the summary and conclusion of the work.\
Theoretical formulation
=======================
The nuclear optical potential model is developed for the analysis of the results of scattering and reaction cross sections obtained in the measurements of nucleus-nucleus collisions. In this quantum collision theory, the following reduced radial Schrödinger equation +(E-V(r))(r)=0, for a complex Coulomb-nuclear potential V(r)=V\_N(r)+V\_C(r)+V\_(r), the sum of the complex nuclear potential ($V_N(r)$), the electrostatic potential ($V_C(r)$), and the centrifugal potential ($V_{\ell}(r)$) in the spatial region $0 < r \le R_{max}$, a distance where the attractive nuclear potential becomes zero, is solved using the Runge-Kutta (RK) type of numerical integration or multistep potential approximation [@bs2008] and the wave function ($\phi(r)$) and its derivative ($d\phi(r)/dr$) at the radial position r=$R_{max}$ are obtained.
In the outer region $r > R_{max}$, the potential of the $\a$+nucleus interaction is only Coulombic, V$_C(r)$, with the centrifugal term V$_{\ell}$=$\frac{\hbar^2}{2\mu}\frac{\ell(\ell+1)}{r^2}$ for different angular momentum partial wave $\ell$. Here, $\mu$ stands for the reduced mass of the two-body system. Using the exact Coulomb wave functions, i.e., F$_{\ell}(r)$ (regular) and G$_{\ell}(r)$ (irregular) and their derivatives F$_{\ell}^{\prime}(r)$ and G$_{\ell}^{\prime}(r)$ in the outer region $r>R_{max}$ and the wave function $\phi(r)$ and its derivative $\frac{d\phi(r)}{dr}$ in the left side of $r=R_{max}$ and matching them at $r=R_{max}$, we get the expression for the partial wave S-matrix denoted by S$_{\ell}$ as S\_=2i C\_+1, where C\_=, H=\_[r=R\_[max]{}]{}. with $k=\sqrt{\frac{2\mu}{\hbar^2}E}$ for the incident energy E. In (4), prime ($^{\prime}$) denotes derivative with respect to $\rho$=kr.
We estimate the results of differential elastic scattering cross section in ratio to Rutherford scattering as a function of scattering angle ($\theta$) by using the S-matrix, S$_{\ell}$, given by (3) in the following expression: =e\^[-2i\_0]{} {sin()}\^[2(i+1)]{} \_0\^(2+1)e\^[2i\_]{}(S\_-1)P\_(cos) \^[2]{}. Here, the Sommerfeld parameter $\eta=\frac{\mu}{\hbar^2}\frac{Z_1Z_2e^2}{k}$ defined in terms of the wave number k, reduced mass $\mu$, and proton numbers Z$_1$ and Z$_2$ of the two interacting nuclei with the charge value e$^2$=1.4398 MeV fm. Further, $\sigma_0$ stands for s-wave Coulomb phase-shift and is expressed as \_0=+ log--- -. The Coulomb phase-shift, $\sigma_{\ell}$, for higher partial waves is evaluated using \_=\_[-1]{}+tan\^[-1]{}. P$_{\ell}(cos\theta)$ stands for the Legendre polynomials. For the total reaction cross section one can use the formula \_R=\_(2+1)(1-S\_\^2).
In the optical model potential V(r) given by (2) for the collision of two nuclei of mass numbers A$_1$ and A$_2$ and proton number Z$_1$ and Z$_2$, the complex nuclear potential V$_N$(r)=V$_N^{R}$(r)+iV$_N^{I}$(r), the sum of real part V$_N^R(r)$ and imaginary part V$_N^{I}(r)$.
We express V\_N\^R(r)=-V\_0, V\_N\^I(r)=-. The radii R$_v$, R$_s$ and R$_I$ are expressed as R$_v=r_v(A_1^{1/3}+A_2^{1/3})$, R$_s=r_s(A_1^{1/3}+A_2^{1/3})$, and R$_I=r_I(A_1^{1/3}+A_2^{1/3})$, respectively in terms of distance parameters r$_v$, r$_s$, and r$_I$ in fermi units.
The parameters a$_s$ and $a_I$ stand for the slope of the potentials for the real and the imaginary parts, respectively. The depth parameters V$_0 >0$ and W$_0 > 0$ and they are in energy (MeV) units. In the real part V$_N^R(r)$ (10), there is a parameter $\delta$ which decides the depth as V$_0(1+\delta)$ near the origin. The use of these potentials in squared Woods-Saxon form has been found successful in the description of $\alpha+^{16}O$ elastic scattering and $\alpha$-cluster structure in $^{20}$Ne by Michel [*et al.*]{}, [@mich83]. Thus, the real nuclear potential, V$_N^R(r)$ (10) is a five-parameter co-ordinate dependent expression with the adjustable parameters V$_0$, r$_v$, r$_s$, a$_s$, and $\delta$. The imaginary nuclear potential, V$_N^{I}(r)$ (11) is a three-parameter formula with the parameters W$_0$, r$_I$, and a$_I$ which are also adjustable.
The Coulomb potential, V$_C(r)$, based on homogeneous charge distributions is expressed as V\_C(r)= {
[cl]{} (3-), & [if r R\_C,]{}\
,& [if r > R\_C,]{}
. where radius parameter R$_C$=r$_C(A_1^{1/3}+A_2^{1/3})$ with r$_C\simeq$ 1.2 fm.
Thus, the complete OMP, V(r) (2), is specified by altogether nine parameters V$_0$, r$_s$, a$_s$, $\delta$, r$_v$, r$_C$, W$_0$, r$_I$, and a$_I$.\
Poles of S-matrix for resonance and decay rate
----------------------------------------------
It may be mentioned here that the real nuclear potential V$_N^R(r)$ given by (10) in combination with the Coulomb potential V$_C(r)$ (12) and the centrifugal term V$_{\ell}(r)=\frac{\hbar^2}{2\mu}\frac{\ell(\ell+1)}{r^2}$, generates a repulsive barrier in the outer region with a prominent pocket in the inner side in each partial wave trajectory specified by $\ell=$0, 1, 2, 3, ....... The barrier along with the pocket found in a given $\ell$ gradually vanishes with the increase of $\ell$. Such potentials with well defined pockets can generate significant resonances in the reaction. These potential resonances are identified by the poles of the S-matrix as defined below. Representing the S-matrix S$_{\ell}$ (3) by S$_{\ell}$(k)=$\frac{F(k)}{F(-k)}$, as a function of the wave number k, a zero at k=k$_r$-ik$_i$ of $F(-k)$ in the lower half of the complex k-plane gives rise to a pole in the S$_{\ell}$(k). When k$_i<< $k$_r$, this corresponds to a resonance state with positive resonance energy E$_r$ and width $\Gamma_r$: E\_r=()(k\_r\^2-k\_i\^2), \_r=()(4k\_rk\_i). Thus, in the complex energy E plane S$_{\ell}$(k) has a pole at E=E$_r-i\Gamma_r/2$. The width $\Gamma_r$, expressed in energy unit, is related to decay constant $\lambda_d$, mean life T and half-life T$_{1/2}$ through the relation =T=T\_[1/2]{}/0.693=.\
Decay rate with exact explicit analytic solution
------------------------------------------------
Let us study the nature of the potential adopted above for the successful explanation of scattering, reaction and decay of an $\a$+nucleus system. In Fig. 1, we plot the real nuclear part $V_N^R(r)$ (10) combined with Coulomb potential $V_C(r)$ (12) for $\ell=0$ trajectory with regard to the $\a$+daughter nucleus, $\a+^{208}$Pb, pair and show it by the dashed curve. It is clearly seen that there is a well defined pocket followed by a prominent barrier with height V$_B$=20.27 MeV positioned at r=R$_B$=10.75 fm. This potential (dashed curve) is found close to the dotted curve which represents the potential calculated using energy density profiles of nucleons (proton and neutron) in RMF theory [@kum16] except near the origin where the depth of the RMF potential is small. As mentioned in Sec. II, this combined Coulomb-nuclear potential is responsible for generating resonances or quasi-molecular state that eventually decays. In order to match with the above effective potential, we designate the following form V\_[eff]{}(r)=H\_0{\_1-(\_1-\_2)(r)}, where
$\rho(r)$=\[cosh$^2(\frac{R_0-r}{d})]^{-1}$
is well known Eckart form factor and the strength parameter $H_0 >0$. This potential (16) can be solved in the Schrödinger equation exactly. It has five parameters namely $H_0$, $\xi_1$, $\xi_2$, $R_0$, and $d$. With the values of the radial position of the barrier obtained by using global formula [@brog81]
R$_B$=$r_0(A_1^{1/3}+A_2^{1/3})$+2.72 fm
with $r_0=$1.07 fm, the height of the barrier
V$_B$=$\frac{Z_1Z_2e^2}{R_B}(1-\frac{a_g}{R_B})$
with $a_g=$0.63 fm and setting R$_0$=R$_B$, H$_0\xi_2$=V$_B$, depth $H_0\xi_1$=$-$100 MeV, and diffuseness d=9.63 fm, the effective potential V$_{eff}(r)$ (16) is shown by a solid curve in Fig. 1 in the spatial region $0 < r < R_B$. As we see, it closely matches, in region $0 < r < R_B$, with the dashed curve that represents the Coulomb+nuclear optical potential for $\ell$=0 described above.
For the potential expressed by Eq. (16), the s-wave radial Schrödinger equation can be written as +\[\^2-ik\_0\^2(1+i)(r)\]u=0, where
$\kappa^2=k^2-k_0^2\xi_1$,
$\xi=\xi_1-\xi_2$,
$k_0^2=\frac{2\mu}{\hbar^2}H_0$.
The exact solution of the above Eq. (17) is given as u(r)=AZ\^[d]{}F(a,b,c,Z)+BZ\^[-d]{} F(a\^,b\^,c\^,Z), where Z=$[cosh^2\frac{R_0-r}{d}]^{-1}$ and F(a,b,c,Z) is the hyper-geometric function. The other terms are a=(+id), b=(1-+id), c=1+id, a\^=(-id), b\^=(1--id), c\^=1-id, =-\[1-i(2k\_0d)\^2(i)\]\^[1/2]{}. Using the boundary condition
$u(r=0)=0$,
we get Z(r=0)=Z\_0=, and C=-=Z\_0\^[id]{}. For cosh$^2\frac{R_0}{d}>>1$, $Z_0<<1$, Cexp(-2i). The logarithmic derivative of the wave function at r=$R_0$ is given by
f(R\_0)=\_[r=R\_0]{}= . In the region $r>R_0=R_B$ where the potential is pure Coulombic, the Coulomb wave functions (regular F$_0$ and irregular G$_0$) and their derivatives (F$_0^{\prime}$ and G$_0^{\prime}$) for $\ell=0$ case are expressed as [@abr65] F\_0= exp(), F\_0\^=(\^[-2]{}+t\^[-2]{}\^4)F\_0, G\_0=, G\_0\^=\[-\^[-2]{}+t\^[-2]{}\^4\]G\_0, t=, =\[\]\^, =2(\[t(1-t)\]\^+arcsin t\^-), k=, =kR\_0, = . By requirement of continuity at r=$R_0$, the wave functions and their derivatives are matched at r=$R_0$ to obtain the scattering matrix denoted by S(k) as S(k)=, where $f(R_0)$ is given by (25). A pole of S(k) arising from the zero of the denominator of S(k) (31) in the lower half of complex k-plane gives us the resonance energy equal to Q-value and the decay half-life as described in Sec. II.\
Results and discussion
======================
In the application of the above formulation to the explanation of measured data with regard to events namely scattering, reaction and $\a$-decay in a $\a$+daughter nucleus system, we select the $\a$+$^{208}$Pb reaction which has been subjected to extensive experiments for the measurements of elastic scattering cross section, reaction cross section, and rate of decay of $\a$ particle from the parent $^{212}$Po nucleus.
The values of the nine potential parameters we use for the total optical model potential for this reaction are V$_0$= 22 MeV, r$_s$=1.27 fm, a$_s$=0.62 fm, r$_v$=0.66 fm, $\delta$=3.5, r$_C$=1.2 fm, W$_0$=5 MeV, a$_I$=0.28 fm, and r$_I$=1.2 fm for E$_{lab}$= 19 MeV, r$_I$=1.3 fm for E$_{lab}$= 20 MeV, r$_I$=1.37 fm for E$_{lab}$= 22 MeV where E$_{lab}$ stands for incident energy in the laboratory.
Using the S-matrix $S_{\ell}$ (3) in the expression (6), we obtain the results of angular variation of differential elastic scattering cross section $\sigma_{Sc}$ in ratio to Rutherford scattering cross section $\sigma_{Ru}$ and compare them (full curves) with the corresponding measured data (solid circles) obtained from Ref. [@bar1974] in Fig. 2. It is found that the fitting of the data at three different energies around the s-wave barrier height (=20.27 MeV) is quite good. With this, the test for the authenticity of the nuclear optical potential adopted in the present analysis is successful. Now the same potential is to be tested for the explanation of reaction cross section and also the result of $\a$-decay rate.
By using the expression (9), the total reaction cross section $\sigma_R$ as a function of bombarding energy are obtained and they are shown by a solid curve in Fig. 3 and compared with the corresponding experimental data represented by solid circles [@bar1974] in this Fig. 3. It is clearly seen that the explanation of the data by our calculated results (solid curve) is quite satisfactory at different energies around the barrier. It may be pointed out here that the results of $\sigma_{R}$ at low ($< 20 MeV$) incident energies analyzed here are sometimes considered as fusion cross sections [@bha08].
Coming to the calculation of resonance energy and the decay width through the poles of S-matrix, we first find out the resonance energy equal to the Q-value of $\a$-decay from the position of a peak in the variation of the result of $\sigma_R$ as a function of energy by using the same set of potential parameters which is found successful in explaining the elastic and $\sigma_R$ data mentioned above. In order to obtain the resonance energy exactly equal to the Q-value we may need to marginally vary the depth or the diffuseness parameter of the real nuclear potential which eventually does not affect the results of elastic or reaction cross sections obtained earlier. This resonance energy equal to the Q-value is used as a trial value of the real part of the pole position ($k_r^0$) of the S-matrix, $S_{\ell}$ (3). The trial value of the imaginary part $(k_i^0$) of the pole position is taken to be a very small value ($\approx$ 0.001MeV) to begin with. Starting with these trial values, Newton-Raphson iterative technique is used to obtain the zero of the Jost function of the Coulomb-nuclear S-matrix, $S_{\ell}$ (3), which corresponds to the resonance or quasi-bound state pole. From this pole, using Eq. (13), the resonance energy E$_r$ is obtained to represent the Q-value. The corresponding result of width is obtained by using (14) and from this, using relation (15), the value of decay half-life denoted by $\hlomp$ is obtained within the framework of optical model calculation. In the case of $\a$-emitter $^{212}$Po with Q-value $\q$=8.954 MeV, we find $\hlomp$= 2.89$\times 10^{-7}s$ which is very close to the experimental value of half-life $\hlex$= 2.99$\times 10^{-7}s$. For other $\a$+daughter nucleus pairs, we can use the same optical model potential parameters used above in the analysis of the $\a$+$^{208}$Pb pair and estimate the $\a$-decay half-life $\hlomp$ of the parent nuclei. Having fixed all other parameters namely V$_0$=22 MeV, r$_s$=1.27 fm, a$_s$=0.62 fm, and r$_C$=1.2 fm, one has to marginally vary the value of the parameter r$_v$ around 0.66 fm and that of $\delta$ around 3 to generate the resonance energy exactly at the Q-value of a given pair. This formulation can easily be applied to estimate the results of decay half-lives of $\a$ particle emitted out with some angular momentum $\ell > 0$. For this, one has to simply generate the resonance at the energy equal to the given Q-value of decay in the specified partial wave trajectory $\ell$ by the variation of r$_v$ and $\delta$ outlined above. We calculate the results of decay half-life in decimal logarithm, ($\lghlomp$), for several $\a$-emitters in the list of Polonium (Po) isotopes for $\ell$=0 state and compare them with the corresponding experimental data denoted by $\lghlexpt$ in Table I. We find that our calculated results are close to the respective measured data in most cases of $\a$+daughter nucleus pairs.
We now calculate $\hl$ of the $\a$+daughter system from the resonance pole of the S-matrix, S(k) (31) derived by using exact wave functions of Coulomb-nuclear interaction. The same procedure adopted above in the OMP calculation is used here to locate the pole of S(k) depicting the resonance at the energy equal to the Q-value of decay. In this case, the diffuseness parameter ’d’ of the potential (16) is varied to obtain the above situation of resonance at the Q-value. From this pole of S(k) we derive decay $\hl$ by using formula (15) and denote the results by $\hlanal$ as it is based on exact analytical solutions unlike those used in the derivation of $\hlomp$ from the pole of S$_{\ell}$ (3) obtained within the OMP potential calculation. In this potential model calculation, we obtain the result of $\hlanal$= 3.02$\times 10^{-7}s$ for the $\a$-decay of the $^{212}$Po nucleus which is very close to the experimental result $\hlex$=2.99$\times 10^{-7}s$ with $\q$=8.954 MeV. Also, it is found that the result of $\hlanal$ is very close to the value of $\hlomp$=2.89$\times 10^{-7}$s. This closeness between our calculated results of $\hlanal$ and $\hlomp$ indicates that the effective potential (16) with parameters r$_0$=1.07 fm, a$_g$= 0.63 fm and d=9.63 fm is a good approximation for the Coulomb-nuclear interaction potential of the $\a$+$^{208}$Pb pair for the estimate of decay half-life using exact solution of the potential for the S-matrix and its resonance pole. As the potential (16) uses global formula for its parameters for barrier position and height, one can use this in the cases of other $\a$+daughter nucleus pairs with some variation of the diffuseness parameter d around 9 fm to generate the resonance at the energy equal to the Q-value of the of the given pair and obtain the result of decay half-life from the pole of this resonance. We calculate the results ($\hlanal$) for several $\a$-emitters in the list of Polonium (Po) isotopes for $\ell$=0 state and compare them with the corresponding experimental data in Table I. We find that our calculated results of half-life in decimal logarithm, ($\lghlanal$), having closely reproduced the results ($\lghlomp$) obtained in OMP calculation above are found close to the respective measured data $\lghlexpt$ in most cases of $\a$-emitters.
From the above analysis we learn that for the emission of $\a$ particle in $\ell$=0 situation, instead of using poles from S$_{\ell}$ (3) which requires tedious numerical calculations of wave functions of the full OMP, it is okay to use the simple poles of S(k) (31) which is expressed analytically in terms of exact solution of a global potential and analytical Coulomb wave functions, and estimate the results of decay half-life, $\hlanal$, for the explanation of experimental decay rate in various $\a$+daughter nucleus pairs. In Table II, we present the results of $\hlanal$ for several $\a$-emitters. On comparison with the corresponding experimental data denoted by $\hlex$ in the same Table II, we find that our results provide satisfactory explanation of the measured ones in most cases of the $\a$-emitters.
For emission of $\a$ particle with $\ell>0$, we have to use the full optical potential in different trajectories specified by $\ell$s and estimate the results, $\hlomp$, from the poles of S$_{\ell}$ (3) described above. In Table III, we present our results of half-life, $\lghlomp$, in decimal logarithm for several $\a$-emitters in different $\ell >$0 situations and compare them with the corresponding experimental results denoted by $\lghlexpt$. We find that the explanation of the measured data by our calculated ones is quite satisfactory in most cases of decay. In few cases, namely $^{159}_{73}X$, $^{214}_{91}X$, $^{229}_{91}X$, and $^{257}_{101}X$, the angular momenta assigned in the experimental results are different from the $\ell$s we need to consider for proper fitting of the $\q$-values and the corresponding half-lives. These $\ell$s decided by our systematic calculation are noted within brackets () by the side of the measured $\ell$s for the above four nuclei.
Having obtained successes in the explanation of all the three $\a$ induced nuclear collision events: elastic scattering, reaction and decay by the use of the nuclear potential (10) in squared Woods-Saxon form, the following few words are in order in favour of this potential.\
(i) The potential has a surface part defined by the parameters $V_0$, $r_s$, and $a_s$ as in normal Woods-Saxon form and it takes care of proper description of the measured data of elastic scattering which is a surface phenomenon.
\(ii) There is a volume part in this potential expression (10) governed by the parameters r$_v$ and $\delta$ which controls the diffuseness of the potential in the interior side. Interestingly, variation of these parameters does not disturb much the fitting of the elastic scattering cross section provided by the surface part stated in point (i). On the other hand, by selecting some values r$_v\sim$0.66 fm and $\delta\sim$ 3, we, in combination with the repulsive Coulomb part, find an effective potential which is slowly falling in nature towards the left hand side of the Coulomb barrier. This bulging character of the Coulomb+nuclear potential provides all the remarkable explanation of the experimental data of $\a$-decay half-lives and also the reaction cross sections at energies near and below the barrier in large number of $\a$+daughter nucleus collision events. From the successful application of this form of nuclear potential we understand that the volume part deciding the diffuseness of the Coulomb barrier in the interior side is the life-line for the explanation of the decay rate and reaction or fusion cross section in the collision of $\a$+nucleus system.
\(iii) This short of potential with less diffuseness in the interior side of the Coulomb barrier potential is consistent with the potential calculated using density profiles of nucleons in the RMF theory [@kum16].\
Summary and Conclusion
======================
Considering the process of decay of an $\a$ particle from a parent nucleus as a two-body quantum collision of $\a$+daughter nucleus pair, three events namely decay, elastic scattering and reaction (fusion) are addressed in one platform within the framework of three-dimensional optical model potential scattering (S-matrix) theory. A novel expression for the nuclear potential in squared Woods-Saxon form is adopted for the nucleus-nucleus collision. Using the S-matrix of the complex nuclear plus electrostatic potentials, the measured data of elastic scattering and reaction cross sections are explained to proof the genuineness of the potential. From the poles of the same S-matrix in the complex momentum plane, we extract the energy and width of the resonance state akin to the decaying state of emission of $\a$ particle and from this width the result of decay half-life of the $\a$-emission is obtained to account for the experimental data of half-life in the cases of large number of $\a$-emitters including heavy and super-heavy nuclei.
In this comprehensive analysis of three physical phenomena, we find that the versatile form of nuclear potential adopted by us in this paper, by virtue of its surface part, explains data of elastic scattering cross section and by the help of its volume part controlling the diffuseness of the potential in the interior side, decides the results of reaction cross section and decay rate yielding good explanation of respective measured data.
The sum of the above nuclear potential (real part) with the Coulomb potential based on homogeneous distribution of charges for s-wave is closely represented by an analytical expression as a function of radial distance r which is solved exactly to express the S-matrix in terms of the explicit analytical Schrödinger solutions and Coulomb wave functions. From the resonant poles of this well defined S-matrix of a global soluble potential, the results of decay half-lives are obtained to explain the corresponding experimental data in several heavy as well as super-heavy $\a$ emitting nuclei giving rise to satisfactory explanation of the data.
In conclusion, we believe that the emission of $\a$ particle from a radioactive nucleus is governed by the fundamental principle of quantal decay of charged particle from a resonance state generated by a two-body ($\a$+daughter nucleus) potential that describes the elastic and reaction cross sections of the $\a$+daughter nucleus collision. And the width of the resonant pole of the S-matrix of the potential yields the result of decay half-life.
Further, the S-matrix of the full optical model calculation involving tedious numerical computation for wave functions can be replaced by a S-matrix which is expressed in terms of exact analytical solutions of a soluble potential that closely represents the real part of the potential describing elastic scattering data and expressions of Coulomb wave functions, and the resonant poles of this S-matrix in the complex momentum plane can be used to give satisfactory results of $\a$-decay half-lives.\
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Bharat Kumar, Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India, for supplying the results of the potential for the $\a$+$^{208}$Pb system using RMF theory. We acknowledge the research facilities extended to us by the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
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[TABLE I.]{} [Comparison of experimental results of $\a$-decay half-life in decimal logarithm, $\lghlexpt$ (third column) with the calculated results $\lghlomp$ (fourth column) obtained from the poles of S-matrix, S$_{\ell}$ (3), and $\lghlanal$ (fifth column) from the poles of analytical S-matrix S(k) given by (31). In the sixth column, the values of diffuseness parameter ’d’ used in the calculation of $\lghlanal$ are listed. For the calculation of $\lghlomp$, the values of real optical potential parameters V$_0$=22 MeV, r$_s$=1.27 fm, a$_s$=0.62 fm, and r$_C$=1.2 fm are kept same for all nuclei, and the values of the parameters r$_v$ and $\delta$ are varied around 0.66 fm and 3, respectively, to exactly reproduce the experimental $\q$ value of a given alpha decaying isotope. Experimental data are obtained from Ref. [@ren2012]. ]{}\
----------------------------------- -- -- ------- -- -- --------- -- -- --------- -- -- --------- -- -- -------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
$^{218}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{214}$Pb 6.115 2.27 2.36 2.28 7.9070
$^{216}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{212}$Pb 6.906 $-$0.84 $-$0.75 $-$0.89 7.9915
$^{214}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{210}$Pb 7.833 $-$3.38 $-$3.71 $-$3.97 8.0996
$^{212}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{208}$Pb 8.954 $-$6.52 $-$6.68 $-$6.52 9.6357
$^{210}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{206}$Pb 5.407 7.08 6.83 6.40 8.9432
$^{208}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{204}$Pb 5.215 7.96 7.96 7.47 8.8738
$^{206}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{202}$Pb 5.327 7.14 6.97 6.88 8.8554
$^{204}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{200}$Pb 5.485 6.28 6.14 6.05 8.8442
$^{202}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{198}$Pb 5.701 5.15 5.06 4.96 8.8425
$^{200}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{196}$Pb 5.981 3.74 3.74 3.64 8.8511
$^{198}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{194}$Pb 6.309 2.27 2.30 2.19 8.8677
$^{196}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{192}$Pb 6.657 0.77 0.90 0.79 8.8765
$^{194}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{190}$Pb 6.987 $-$0.41 $-$0.31 $-$0.43 8.9045
$^{190}$Po$\rightarrow$$^{186}$Pb 7.693 $-$2.61 $-$2.65 $-$2.77 8.9461
----------------------------------- -- -- ------- -- -- --------- -- -- --------- -- -- --------- -- -- -------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
[TABLE II.]{} [Comparison of the experimental $\a$-decay half-lives with the calculated ones for nuclei with the neutron number N $>$ 126. The first and second columns denote the elemental symbol and the mass number of the parent nucleus. The third and fourth columns are, respectively, the experimental decay energies ($\q$ values) and half-lives ($\hlex$) of $\a$ decay obtained from Ref. [@ni2009]. The half-lives, $\hlanal$, calculated from the poles of analytical S-matrix S(k) given by (31) are presented in the fifth column. In the sixth column, the values of diffuseness parameter ’d’ used in the calculation are listed.$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$]{}\
---- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- ------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ------------------------ -- -- -- ------ -- -- --
Pb 210 3.792 3.69$\times10^{16}$ 3.00$\times10^{16}$ 8.73
Po 212 8.954 2.99$\times10^{-7}$ 3.02 $\times10^{-7}$ 9.63
214 7.833 1.64$\times10^{-4}$ 1.02 $\times10^{-4}$ 8.10
216 6.906 1.45$\times10^{-1}$ 1.24 $\times10^{-1}$ 7.99
218 6.115 1.86$\times10^{2}$ 1.91 $\times10^{2}$ 7.90
Rn 214 9.208 2.70 $\times10^{-7}$ 1.22 $\times10^{-7}$ 8.26
216 8.200 4.50 $\times10^{-5}$ 5.10 $\times10^{-5}$ 8.14
218 7.263 3.5 $\times10^{-2}$ 4.68 $\times10^{-2}$ 8.03
220 6.405 5.56 $\times10^{1}$ 9.1 $\times10^{1}$ 7.93
222 5.590 3.31 $\times10^{5}$ 6.1 $\times10^{5}$ 7.85
Ra 216 9.526 1.82 $\times10^{-7}$ 1.05 $\times10^{-7}$ 8.29
218 8.546 2.56 $\times10^{-5}$ 3.10 $\times10^{-5}$ 8.17
220 7.592 1.81 $\times10^{-2}$ 2.36 $\times10^{-2}$ 8.06
222 6.679 3.92 $\times10^{1}$ 5.37 $\times 10^{1}$ 7.96
224 5.789 3.33 $\times10^{5}$ 5.96 $\times 10^{5}$ 7.86
226 4.871 5.35 $\times10^{10}$ 12.56 $\times 10^{10}$ 7.76
Th 218 9.849 1.09 $\times10^{-7}$ 0.89 $\times 10^{-7}$ 8.33
220 8.953 9.70 $\times10^{-6}$ 1.33 $\times10^{-5}$ 8.22
222 8.127 2.05 $\times10^{-3}$ 2.80 $\times10^{-3}$ 8.13
224 7.298 1.33 $\times10^{0}$ 1.61 $\times10^{0}$ 8.03
226 6.451 2.46 $\times10^{3}$ 3.94 $\times10^{3}$ 7.94
228 5.520 8.49 $\times10^{7}$ 1.65 $\times10^{8}$ 7.84
---- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- ------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ------------------------ -- -- -- ------ -- -- --
[ TABLE II.]{}[ (continued).]{}
---- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- ------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ------ -- -- --
230 4.770 3.12 $\times10^{12}$ 7.82 $\times10^{12}$ 7.77
232 4.082 5.69 $\times10^{17}$ 2.21 $\times10^{18}$ 7.71
U 222 9.500 1.40 $\times10^{-6}$ 2.62 $\times10^{-6}$ 8.29
224 8.620 9.40 $\times10^{-4}$ 5.66 $\times10^{-4}$ 8.18
226 7.701 2.69 $\times10^{-1}$ 4.14 $\times10^{-1}$ 8.08
228 6.803 5.75 $\times10^{2}$ 9.78 $\times10^{2}$ 7.98
230 5.993 2.67 $\times10^{6}$ 5.08 $\times10^{6}$ 7.90
232 5.414 3.20 $\times10^{9}$ 7.32 $\times10^{9}$ 7.85
234 4.858 1.09 $\times10^{13}$ 2.52 $\times10^{13}$ 7.80
236 4.673 1.00 $\times10^{15}$ 3.08 $\times10^{15}$ 7.79
238 4.270 1.78 $\times10^{17}$ 8.82 $\times10^{17}$ 7.78
Pu 232 6.716 1.71 $\times10^{4}$ 1.77 $\times10^{4}$ 7.99
234 6.310 7.73 $\times10^{5}$ 12.31 $\times10^{5}$ 7.96
236 5.867 1.30 $\times10^{8}$ 2.11 $\times10^{8}$ 7.93
238 5.593 3.90 $\times10^{9}$ 6.62 $\times10^{9}$ 7.92
240 5.256 2.84 $\times10^{11}$ 6.82 $\times10^{11}$ 7.91
242 4.985 1.52 $\times10^{13}$ 3.95 $\times10^{13}$ 7.90
244 4.666 3.17 $\times10^{15}$ 8.11 $\times10^{15}$ 7.88
Cm 240 6.398 3.30 $\times10^{6}$ 3.75 $\times10^{6}$ 8.02
242 6.216 1.90 $\times10^{7}$ 2.82 $\times10^{7}$ 8.03
244 5.902 7.48 $\times10^{8}$ 1.16 $\times10^{9}$ 8.01
246 5.475 1.82 $\times10^{11}$ 3.20 $\times10^{11}$ 7.98
248 5.162 1.43 $\times10^{13}$ 3.03 $\times10^{13}$ 7.97
Cf 240 7.719 9.09 $\times10^{1}$ 8.77 $\times10^{1}$ 8.17
242 7.517 2.62 $\times10^{2}$ 4.77 $\times10^{2}$ 8.17
244 7.329 1.55 $\times10^{3}$ 2.45 $\times10^{3}$ 8.17
246 6.862 1.62 $\times10^{6}$ 2.12 $\times10^{5}$ 8.14
248 6.361 3.54 $\times10^{7}$ 4.37 $\times10^{7}$ 8.10
---- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- ------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ------ -- -- --
[ TABLE II.]{}[ (continued).]{}
---- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- ------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ------ -- -- --
250 6.128 4.88 $\times10^{8}$ 6.48 $\times10^{8}$ 8.09
252 6.217 1.02 $\times10^{8}$ 2.10 $\times10^{8}$ 8.14
254 5.927 2.04 $\times10^{9}$ 7.07 $\times10^{9}$ 8.12
Fm 246 8.374 1.55 $\times10^{0}$ 2.69 $\times10^{0}$ 8.31
248 8.002 4.56 $\times10^{1}$ 4.67 $\times10^{1}$ 8.29
250 7.557 2.28 $\times10^{3}$ 2.08 $\times10^{3}$ 8.25
252 7.153 1.09 $\times10^{5}$ 8.30 $\times10^{4}$ 8.22
254 7.308 1.37 $\times10^{4}$ 1.78 $\times10^{4}$ 8.28
256 7.027 1.35 $\times10^{5}$ 2.78 $\times10^{5}$ 8.27
No 252 8.550 4.18 $\times10^{0}$ 3.96 $\times10^{0}$ 8.38
254 8.226 7.14 $\times10^{1}$ 4.58 $\times10^{1}$ 8.37
256 8.581 3.64 $\times10^{0}$ 2.89 $\times10^{0}$ 8.45
Rf 256 8.930 2.02 $\times10^{0}$ 1.32 $\times10^{0}$ 8.46
258 9.250 9.23 $\times10^{-2}$ 1.36 $\times10^{-1}$ 8.54
---- -- -- -- ----- -- -- -- ------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ---------------------- -- -- -- ------ -- -- --
[TABLE III.]{} [Comparison of experimental values in decimal logarithm log$_{10}T^{(expt)}_{1/2}$ of half-life of $\a$-decay and corresponding results of present calculation log$_{10}T^{(OMP)}_{1/2}$ obtained from the poles of S$_{\ell}$ (3) in decimal logarithm. The experimental $\q$ values, half-lives and $\l$ values are obtained from Ref. [@roy2010].]{}
------------------ -- ------- -- --- -- ------- -- ------- -- ------------------ -- ------- -- ------ -- ------- -- ------- -- -- -- -- --
$^{112}_{ 53}$ 2.990 4 5.45 5.54 $^{149}_{ 65}$ 4.077 2 4.97 4.96
$^{151}_{ 65}$ 3.496 2 8.82 8.80 $^{159}_{ 73}$ 5.681 5(0) 0.11 0.12
$^{162}_{ 73}$ 5.010 1 3.68 3.62 $^{175}_{ 77}$ 5.400 2 3.02 3.38
$^{181}_{ 79}$ 5.751 2 3.39 3.34 $^{191}_{ 83}$ 6.778 5 2.85 2.96
$^{193}_{ 83}$ 6.304 5 4.50 4.22 $^{195}_{ 83}$ 5.832 5 6.79 6.34
$^{210}_{ 85}$ 5.631 2 7.73 7.34 $^{210}_{ 87}$ 6.650 2 2.43 2.69
$^{212}_{ 83}$ 6.207 5 4.57 4.18 $^{212}_{ 85}$ 7.824 5 -0.42 -0.42
$^{212}_{ 87}$ 6.529 2 4.10 4.10 $^{213}_{ 83}$ 5.982 5 5.15 5.18
$^{214}_{ 83}$ 5.621 5 7.16 7.20 $^{214}_{ 87}$ 8.589 5 -2.27 -2.20
$^{214}_{ 89}$ 7.350 2 1.23 1.35 $^{214}_{ 91}$ 8.430 4(1) -2.10 -2.32
$^{216}_{ 89}$ 9.235 5 -3.31 -3.30 $^{220}_{ 87}$ 6.801 1 1.62 1.82
$^{221}_{ 87}$ 6.457 2 2.55 2.73 $^{223}_{ 89}$ 6.783 2 2.60 2.51
$^{224}_{ 89}$ 6.327 1 5.73 5.31 $^{225}_{ 89}$ 5.935 2 6.23 6.34
$^{225}_{ 91}$ 7.390 2 0.39 0.47 $^{226}_{ 89}$ 5.537 2 9.25 9.42
$^{228}_{ 91}$ 6.264 3 7.60 7.23 $^{229}_{ 91}$ 5.835 1(3) 10.03 10.02
$^{230}_{ 91}$ 5.439 2 11.31 10.95 $^{235}_{ 93}$ 5.194 1 13.94 13.62
$^{235}_{ 95}$ 6.610 1 5.17 5.35 $^{237}_{ 93}$ 4.958 1 16.19 15.75
$^{239}_{ 95}$ 5.922 1 11.11 10.92 $^{241}_{ 95}$ 5.638 1 12.60 12.50
$^{243}_{ 95}$ 5.439 1 14.16 13.67 $^{245}_{ 97}$ 6.455 2 9.37 9.79
$^{245}_{ 99}$ 7.909 3 3.52 3.37 $^{249}_{ 97}$ 5.525 2 13.61 13.55
$^{252}_{ 99}$ 6.790 1 7.83 7.85 $^{257}_{ 101}$ 7.558 1(4) 7.57 7.83
------------------ -- ------- -- --- -- ------- -- ------- -- ------------------ -- ------- -- ------ -- ------- -- ------- -- -- -- -- --
| {
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
} |
The next time you stop at Sam’s Club to stock up on all your must-haves (like these Oreo cookie-dough cups), you won’t want to skip the café! There’s a new Mountain Dew flavor that you can’t get anywhere else.
Mountain Dew Berry Monsoon has “a storm of berry lime flavor,” as described on the display, and is exclusively available at Sam’s Club. We don’t know what we were doing in July 2018, but apparently, we were paying attention, because that’s when Berry Monsoon first hit Sam’s Club. However, the flavor began picking up steam on social media in September 2019, due to the recent Chase the Monsoon Sweepstakes.
This content is imported from Instagram. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.
This content is imported from Instagram. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.
The description is pretty self-explanatory, but just to affirm, testers said that the new flavor tastes like berry with a hint of lime. One person wrote that it’s very sweet, and another wrote that “it turned out to be good.” So if you’re apprehensive about loving another bright Mountain Dew flavor like you do the Baja Blast, it’s OK to have room in your heart for both.
You can’t get the bright blue berry-filled soda flavor in a bottle — just at the soda dispenser — so it’s super exclusive. We might follow this shopper who bought six fountain drinks’ worth and bottled them herself so she could sip for days to come!
“I NEED this in bottles!!” one taster said. “I like going to Sam’s but most of the time, it’s just for this!!!”
You hear the people, Sam’s Club! We’re ready to see Mountain Dew Berry Monsoon in bottles and cans.
Read More:
Mountain Dew’s New Tropical Flavor Will Bring You Back to Summer
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Mountain Dew’s Mystery Halloween Flavor Will Confuse Your Taste Buds
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Caitlyn Fitzpatrick News & Trends Editor As the news & trends editor, Caitlyn covers the tastiest, coolest, and strangest products for BestProducts.com, as well as runs Best Products’ social handles; her work has also appeared in POPSUGAR and InStyle, among others.
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Q:
How can I store SQL Server Database Metadata for Sync Framework in a different database on the same server?
I would like to be able to store the tracking tables in a different database the original. For a couple of reasons.
I would like to be able to drop it on demand if I change versions of my application.
I would like to have multiple sync scopes separated by user permissioning.
I am sure through the sqlmetadatastore class there is a way, but I have not found it yet.
A:
the sqlmetaadatastore will not help you in any way with what you're trying to achieve. am pretty sure its not in anyway exposed in the database sync providers you're using.
note that the tracking tables are not the only objects Sync Framework provisioning creates, you will have triggers, tracking tables, stored procedures and user defined table types. and you're not supposed to be dropping them separately or even dropping them by yourself, but you should be using the deprovisioning API.
now if you really want to have the tracking tables on a separate db, the provisioning API has a Script method that can generate the SQL statements required to create the Sync Fx objects.
you can alter that to create the tracking tables on another DB, but you have to alter the triggers as well to insert on this other database.
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2002 Green Bay Packers season
The Green Bay Packers season was their 84th season overall and their 82nd in the National Football League.
The Packers achieved a 12–4 record in the regular season, before losing in the 2003 NFL Wild Card playoffs round to quarterback Brett Favre's former team, the Atlanta Falcons at Lambeau Field. This marked the first time in NFL history that the Packers had lost at home in the playoffs.
Background
In 2001, the Packers achieved the franchise's best record since 1997, finishing 12–4 and advancing the divisional round of the playoffs. There the Packers lost to the eventual NFC champion St. Louis Rams. During the game, it became clear that the Packers would need wide receivers with greater speed and ability to compete with the conference's best teams. GM Mike Sherman spent the 2002 offseason revamping Green Bay's receiving corps. The team promoted Donald Driver to starter, acquired veteran Terry Glenn from the New England Patriots, and drafted Javon Walker in the first round of the 2002 NFL Draft. The influx of new players seemed to position the Packers as one of the strongest contenders in the NFC.
2002 season
Green Bay started the season with a dominating 8–1 record, led by the brilliant play of quarterback Brett Favre and power running game of Ahman Green. The Packers maintained a commanding division lead throughout the year, winning the NFC North by a six-game margin. Green Bay became the first team to win the newly rechristened division, formerly known as the NFC Central. It was the Packers’ first division title since 1997, and the team would win the NFC North for three consecutive seasons.
For the first time in years, it appeared that the Packers had a legitimate chance of reaching the Super Bowl. With one game left, Green Bay was 12–3, and a victory away from clinching home field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Packers had never lost a home playoff game in franchise history, had achieved an 8–0 record at home in 2002, and had established a run of Lambeau Field dominance since the Mike Holmgren era. As a result, playing home games at Lambeau Field would seemingly give the Packers a significant advantage in the playoffs. The final game was on the road against the New York Jets, who beat the Packers’ handily to win the AFC East division title. The loss was a devastating blow to the Packers. The team was bumped down to a number three seed in the NFC, and had an incredibly difficult road to the Super Bowl. Six days later, the Packers were beaten by Michael Vick's Atlanta Falcons, the first home playoff loss in Packers history.
The 2002 season was another memorable year for quarterback Brett Favre. Throughout the season, Favre was a favorite to win his fourth Most Valuable Player award. The Packers’ lopsided loss to the Jets in the regular season finale may have swayed voters, as Favre lost the MVP award by merely two votes to Raiders’ quarterback Rich Gannon.
Offseason
2002 NFL draft
In the 2002 NFL draft, the Packers selected 20th overall, drafting future all-pro wide receiver Javon Walker with their first round pick.
Players highlighted in yellow indicate players selected to the Pro Bowl during their NFL career.
Undrafted free agents
Personnel
Staff
Roster
Preseason
Schedule
The Packers finished 12–4 overall, winning the NFC North crown by a six-game margin.
Season summary
Week 1 vs. Atlanta Falcons
Week 5 at Chicago Bears
Standings
Playoffs
NFC Wild Card vs Atlanta Falcons
Awards and records
Brett Favre, NFC Leader, Attempts (551)
Brett Favre, NFC Leader, Completions (341)
Brett Favre, NFC Leader(tied), Touchdown Passes (27)
References
Category:Green Bay Packers seasons
Green Bay Packers
Category:NFC North championship seasons
Green | {
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How to Plan a Dream Destination Wedding in Kauai
Kauai, Hawaii is known for its idyllic beaches and natural beauty. It is a place of history and magic, adventure, and bliss. This little island is truly a paradise for lovers – and a great place to have a destination wedding. Keri Cooper has been a Kauai wedding photographer for 18 years, and she is here today to share her top tips for planning a destination wedding in Kauai, along with some stunning photos she recently shot of an elopement in Tunnels Beach. Enjoy!
Before You Arrive
Chose your setting
Kauai beaches are diverse and change throughout the year. We have soft white sand beaches, calm shorelines, rugged cliffs and crashing waves. Before you pick any beaches, check the weather and coastal conditions for that area.
If the beach isn’t your ideal ceremony location we have a variety of gorgeous venues with plenty to offer. Any style can be accommodated from pristine private gardens, rustic horse ranches, private waterfalls, to 5-star luxury resorts. The possibilities are diverse but not one will disappoint.
Adventure weddings are becoming more popular for those couples that really want to get off the beaten path. You can hike into a waterfall or take a boat ride down the NaPali coast to exchange your vows. The hiking on Kauai offers great opportunities for majestic views and unique vantage points. Take your time with these types of weddings. The idea is to have your day unfold organically without the extra stress of details and other people.
Hiring the pros for your destination wedding in Kauai
First things first, you have to make it legal. You will need an officiant that is registered with the State of Hawaii to sign your marriage license and perform the ceremony. Religious and non-denominational officiants are available. They will typically obtain your required beach permit for your ceremony as well.
Find a photographer that offers the style of photos you like. Maybe you really like images that show emotion or your preferred look is more posed. Are environmental photos important to you? Have a few conversations with your photographer to get a feel for their personality. Ask questions and express your photography hopes. You will spend a good amount of time with this person on your wedding day so try to find someone you click with.
Coordinators are very helpful when planning your wedding from afar. Find one that you like and trust their expertise to help you create your perfect day. They will connect you with their favorite vendors and will be integral in picking your ceremony location. I would highly suggest using a coordinator if you are having more than 5 people at your wedding. They will handle all of the details for you and keep everyone comfortable so you can relax and enjoy your day.
On Island
What to wear to your destination wedding in Kauai
When in Hawaii, wear flowers! In Hawaii, it is customary for the couple to exchange leis. The leis signify your unity and devotion. A bridal bouquet and a haku lei (aka flower crown) are really nice touches and add a level of formality to your occasion. We have many talented florists that can give you the perfect touch of floral elegance.
Aloha shirts welcome! Casual attire is totally acceptable as formal attire. We call it ‘Island Formal.’ Men often wear a light colored button up shirt with neutral pants. For the ladies, anything goes, but consider your environment. Lots of layers and pouf and long sleeves are probably not your best option for beach ceremonies. Find fabrics that are breathable so you are comfortable in our weather. Feel free to forgo the stilettos because most weddings here are barefoot. You will look funny trying to walk in the sand in heels, trust me.
Weather in Kauai
Kauai is home to lush jungles, cascading waterfalls, and known for its rainbows. This means that we do get a fair amount of rain. Typically, we get more rain in the winter months and the South and West sides of the island tend to stay drier. We are used to passing showers and don’t let it ruin weddings. This is another reason to work with local professionals- they know the island and can give suggestions when things aren’t going exactly as planned.
Make it your own
Your destination wedding is a chance for you to get away and focus on just the two of you. Take this time to spoil yourselves, slow down, take in the balmy air, play in the ocean, and fall in love all over again.
About the Author:
Keri Cooper has been a wedding photographer on Kauai for the last 18 years. She lives on the island with her hubby and 3 young sons.
Related
Cynthia is the founder and editor of Destination Wedding Details.She has over 15 years experience in the Marketing and Event industry and launched Destination Wedding Details in 2010, shortly after planning her own destination wedding. Cynthia uses her experience and genuine passion, to inspire brides who are planning their dream wedding away from home.
Featured:Discover The Dalton Ranch, A Hidden Gem for Wine Country Destination Weddings
I’m excited to share with you one of my new favorite destinations for couples who love wine and beautiful views… and no, it’s not in Napa – it’s in a hidden gem of a destination that will take your breath away!
The Dalton Ranch offers a genuine, personal touch you just simply cannot find at some of the cookie cutter all-inclusive resorts you see online. The venue has gorgeous, picturesque grounds, and a team of wedding professionals dedicated to ensuring your entire experience is unique and nothing short of magical.
Featured:An Inside Look at the Best Destination Wedding Venues
Want to get the inside scoop on the best destination wedding venues in the Caribbean and Mexico? We are highlighting the best of the best and giving you all the information you need to choose your dream venue. We’re telling you the pros and cons of each resort, giving you behind the scenes footage from the resorts, video interviews with the resort wedding planners, plus exclusive discounts and offers just for DWD readers. Check out our guide here | {
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Modulation of basic fibroblast growth factor effect by retinoic acid in cultured retinal pigment epithelium.
We investigated the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated proliferation of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells and of 125I-bFGF-binding to the bFGF plasma membrane receptors of hRPE. Proliferation of hRPE cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of bFGF and bFGF + RA was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation into hRPE cells. To characterize bFGF receptors, hRPE cells were incubated at 4 degrees C with 125I-bFGF in the presence or absence of heparin. Basic-FGF stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation into hRPE cells in a dose-dependent manner. RA inhibited bFGF-stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation in the presence or absence of heparin. Increasing concentrations of unlabeled bFGF decreased the binding of 125I-bFGF to hRPE cells. Scatchared analysis indicated the presence of high and low affinity binding sites for bFGF with an apparent affinity Kd of 50 pM and 330 pM, respectively, and a binding capacity (Bmax) of 1.25 X 10(5) and 3.38 X 10(5) binding sites per cell. Inhibition of 125I-bFGF binding was also possible by the carboxyl-terminal region peptide fragment bFGF-(106-120)-NH2, but not amino-terminal region peptide fragment bFGF-(1-24)-NH2. The addition of heparin to the medium during binding studies did not prevent RA from inhibiting binding of 125I-bFGF to hRPE cells. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that, in the presence of heparin, there is a decrease in the number of high affinity binding sites (from 1.12 +/- 0.11 x 10(5) to 0.7 +/- 0.03 x 10(5) binding sites per cell, a reduction of 36.7 +/- 0.04%, n = 3, p < 0.05). There was no significant change in affinity constants. These results suggest that RA inhibits bFGF cell proliferation in hRPE cells by decreasing the bFGF receptor number. | {
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Environmental friendly automated line for recovering the cabinet of waste refrigerator.
A large amount of hazardous trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11) is contained in the polyurethane (PUR) foam of refrigerator cabinet. How to recover the cabinet of waste refrigerator with environmental awareness has been the pressing problem in the treatment of waste refrigerator. The published literature of waste refrigerator cabinets recovering mainly focuses on policy making and conceptual design. Little information relates to the production line of waste refrigerator cabinet recovering and its detailed operation, which is the urgent needed literature. In this paper, an environmental friendly production line for recovering the cabinet of waste refrigerators was reported for helping enterprise or government to construct line to recover the obsolete refrigerators. It included closed shearing process, activated carbon fiber absorption (ACFA) process, air current separation, and magnetic/eddy current separation. The optimized operating parameters of every process were obtained from the experiments. Then, experiment of recovering 50 waste refrigerator cabinets by the production line was performed in factory. Mass balances of the recovered materials were carried out. The result shown the recovery rate of waste refrigerator cabinet could reach 97.6%. Finally, comparison between the production line and other recovery technologies was made. The results indicated that the proposed line provided environment-friendly recovery of waste refrigerator cabinets while achieving low cost of production. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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920 F.2d 1058
The FALMOUTH NATIONAL BANK, Plaintiff, Appellant,v.TICOR TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant, Appellee.
No. 90-1335.
United States Court of Appeals,First Circuit.
Heard Sept. 7, 1990.Decided Dec. 12, 1990.
1
Douglas A. Hale, with whom Wynn & Wynn, P.C., Raynham, Mass., was on brief, for plaintiff, appellant.
2
Mary E. O'Neal, with whom Masterman, Culbert & Tully, Boston, Mass., was on brief, for defendant, appellee.
3
Before CAMPBELL and TORRUELLA, Circuit Judges, and CAFFREY,* Senior District Judge.
4
CAFFREY, Senior District Judge.
5
This is an appeal of an order of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts1 dismissing the plaintiff's, The Falmouth National Bank ("Bank"), complaint without prejudice for failure to state a claim. The Bank brought this diversity action against the defendant, Ticor Title Insurance Company ("Ticor"), to recover for Ticor's failure to pay a loss sustained by the Bank as an insured under a mortgagee's title insurance policy. The alleged loss resulted from an adverse decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in the case of Thibbitts v. Crowley, a case specifically covered by the policy. The complaint alleged two counts, one for breach of the title insurance policy and a second count for violation of Mass.Gen.L. ch. 93A, Section 11. Ticor moved for an order dismissing or, in the alternative, staying all proceedings until the disposition on remand of the case which was pending in state court. The district court allowed Ticor's motion. On appeal, the Bank argues, as it did below, that Ticor's liability was "definitely fixed" according to the terms of the policy when the Supreme Judicial Court rendered its decision, and therefore, that Ticor breached the policy by failing to pay within thirty days. Thus, the Bank argues that the district court erred as a matter of law in dismissing the complaint as premature. Ticor, on the other hand, argues that its liability will not be "definitely fixed" until the final determination of the Bank's losses on remand. After reviewing the record and the appellant's arguments, we affirm the district court's dismissal of the complaint without prejudice.
I.
6
The relevant facts are not in dispute. On May 22, 1985, John F. Thibbitts ("Buyer") entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Patrick M. Crowley ("Seller") for land located in Mashpee, Massachusetts. Thibbitts assigned his rights under the agreement to South Cape Industrial Park, Inc. ("South Cape").2 Thereafter, a dispute arose, and the Buyer sued the Seller in state superior court. The parties entered into a consent judgment which called for a conveyance on or before March 9, 1987. Difficulties arose at the closing, and when it became clear that the sale would not be consummated on the date set by the consent judgment, the Buyer brought an ex parte motion to extend time for performance. The judge granted that ex parte motion, extending the closing date to March 23, 1987. The closing did in fact go through on that date, the Seller conveying the Mashpee property to the Buyer, South Cape, for $1,250,000.00. At the same time, the Buyer executed a note and granted the Bank a mortgage to secure the note in the amount of $2,150,000.00. The amount of this loan in excess of the purchase price was to be advanced as a construction loan according to a set payment schedule.
7
In April, shortly after the closing, the Seller appealed the judge's order extending the time for performance under the consent judgment to the Massachusetts Appeals Court. Thereafter, the Supreme Judicial Court, on its own initiative, agreed to hear the appeal. The Bank did not learn of the Seller's appeal until September, at which time it notified the title insurer, Chicago Title Company ("Chicago"), of the pending appeal. When Chicago refused to insure any further advances from the Bank to the Buyer, the Bank similarly refused to disburse any more money. To remedy this situation, the Buyer arranged to have Ticor provide title insurance to the Bank. This policy provided coverage up to the amount of $2,150,000.00, and in a special "Note I," affirmatively insured against all loss, including attorney's fees, arising out of the appeal, final decision, judgment or award of the state court action Thibbitts v. Crowley.
8
Subsequent to the issuance of this policy, the Supreme Judicial Court held that the judge below had lacked the authority to extend unilaterally the time for performance under the consent judgment. Thibbitts v. Crowley, 405 Mass. 222, 226, 539 N.E.2d 1035, 1038 (1989). The Supreme Judicial Court therefore remanded the case to Barnstable Superior Court for reconveyance and for such other proceedings as were necessary, including making adjustments for the passage of time and for the Buyer's improvements to the property. Id. at 230, 539 N.E.2d at 1040.
9
As a result of the decision, the Bank made a claim to Ticor in a letter dated July 12, 1989 for payment of all losses. They set this amount at $1,915,878.46 plus interest, which represented the principal indebtedness outstanding on the Buyer's loan obligation. Ticor responded to the letter stating that the claim was premature, and that it would not pay until the Barnstable Superior Court, on remand, established the amount of actual damages. When Ticor refused to pay, the Bank sent a demand letter pursuant to Mass.Gen.L. ch. 93A. Since that time, both Ticor and the Bank have sought and were granted permission to intervene in the state court action.
10
The Bank instituted this action in Federal District Court for the District of Massachusetts for payment under the policy. Ticor moved for dismissal on the grounds that the complaint was premature given the Supreme Judicial Court's remand to the Barnstable Superior Court. The district court allowed that motion, holding that "liability" as used in the policy does not merely mean a determination regarding title, but also includes losses and damages, and therefore, that liability had not been "definitely fixed."
11
It is this determination that the Bank is appealing. After a careful review of the record, we affirm the district court's dismissal without prejudice of both counts of the complaint.
II.
12
The parties' dispute is basically one of contract interpretation. Application of the terms of an insurance policy to established facts is a question of law. Cody v. Connecticut Gen. Life Ins. Co., 387 Mass. 142, 146, 439 N.E.2d 234, 237 (1982); Robert Indus., Inc. v. Spence, 362 Mass. 751, 755, 291 N.E.2d 407, 409-10 (1973); Ober v. National Casualty Co., 318 Mass. 27, 31, 60 N.E.2d 90, 91 (1945). Thus, our review of the district court's dismissal of the plaintiff's complaint is plenary.
13
Title insurance policies are subject to the same rules of construction that apply to other types of insurance policies. Brown v. St. Paul Title Ins. Corp., 634 F.2d 1103, 1107 (8th Cir.1980); Lawyers Title Ins. Corp. v. Research Loan & Inv. Corp., 361 F.2d 764, 768 (8th Cir.1966); Sandler v. New Jersey Realty Title Ins. Co., 36 N.J. 471, 479, 178 A.2d 1, 5 (1962); 9 Appleman, Insurance Law and Practice Sec. 5201 (1981). The overall goal in interpreting an insurance policy is to ascertain the expectations of the parties. Cullen Enter., Inc. v. Massachusetts Property Ins. Underwriting Ass'n, 399 Mass. 886, 900 n. 27, 507 N.E.2d 717, 725 n. 27 (1987); Eureka Inv. Corp., N.V. v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 530 F.Supp. 1110, 1118 (D.D.C.1982), aff'd in relevant part and rev'd in part, 743 F.2d 932 (D.C.Cir.1984).
14
In attempting to discern the expectations of the parties, Massachusetts courts look at the insurance contract as a whole in order to effectuate its overall purpose. Cullen Enter., Inc., 399 Mass. at 900 n. 27, 507 N.E.2d at 725 n. 27; Ober, 318 Mass. at 31, 60 N.E.2d at 91 (1945); see Lawyers Title Ins. Corp., 361 F.2d at 768. The corollary of this rule is that whenever possible, each word in an insurance policy should be considered and given some meaning. Feinberg v. Insurance Co. of N. Am., 260 F.2d 523, 527 (1st Cir.1958).
15
When considering an insurance policy in its entirety, the general rule is that any ambiguity should be construed against the insurer as it is the insurer who supplies the contract. Marston v. American Employers Ins. Co., 439 F.2d 1035, 1039 (1st Cir.1971); Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Tabor, 407 Mass. 354, 362, 553 N.E.2d 909, 914 (1990) (quoting Transamerica Ins. Co. v. Norfolk & Dedham Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 361 Mass. 144, 147, 279 N.E.2d 686, 688 (1972)); Lawyers Title Ins. Corp., 361 F.2d at 768. The rationale behind interpreting ambiguities against the insurer would not seem to apply as strongly when the transaction is between two parties of equal sophistication and equal bargaining power. Eagle-Picher Indus., Inc. v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 682 F.2d 12, 21 n. 6 (1st Cir.1982), cert. denied, 460 U.S. 1028, 103 S.Ct. 1279, 75 L.Ed.2d 500 (1983); First State Underwriters Agency of New England Reinsurance Corp. v. Travelers Ins. Co., 803 F.2d 1308, 1314 n. 5 (3d Cir.1986); Industrial Risk Insurers v. New Orleans Pub. Serv., 666 F.Supp. 874, 881 (E.D.La.1987); McNeilab, Inc. v. North River Ins. Co., 645 F.Supp. 525, 547 (D.N.J.1986), aff'd, 831 F.2d 287 (3d Cir.1987); D. Burke, Jr., Law of Title Insurance 59 (1986); see Commercial Ins. Co. of Newark, N.J. v. Gonzalez, 512 F.2d 1307, 1313 n. 11 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 838, 96 S.Ct. 65, 46 L.Ed.2d 57 (1975).
16
We now turn to an application of these principles to the mortgagee title insurance policy in dispute. The first step is to examine the specific language of the provisions at issue. The Bank points to Paragraph 6 of the insurance policy, a standard provision in mortgagee policies. See Burke, supra, at 499. Paragraph 6 is entitled "Determination and Payment of Loss," and reads as follows: "(c) When liability has been definitely fixed in accordance with the conditions of this policy, the loss or damage shall be payable within 30 days thereafter." The Bank argues that liability was "definitely fixed" when the Supreme Judicial Court ordered the Buyer to reconvey the property to the Seller, and that the policy required Ticor to pay the loss within thirty days of that decision. Ticor argues, and the district court agreed, that liability would not be "definitely fixed" until the Barnstable Superior Court determined the damages on remand. The district court essentially equated loss with liability in interpreting Paragraph 6.
17
According to the canons of construction previously discussed, we must look at the meaning of the word "liability" in the context of the policy as a whole. Although 6(c) could be read as distinguishing between "loss" on one hand, and "liability" on the other, an examination of Paragraph 6 as a whole suggests that the two words are used synonymously. Paragraph 6 states that "(a) The liability of the Company under this policy shall in no case exceed the least of: (i) the actual loss of the insured claimant, or (ii) the amount of insurance stated in Schedule A...." Similarly, Endorsement No. 1 equates liability with the amount of loss, stating that "[l]iability ... is hereby increased ... bringing the total liability to $1,412,655.00." Thus, the language of the policy does not clearly support the interpretation that the Bank suggests. Furthermore, the sophistication of the Bank and the fact that it negotiated specific terms of the policy lead us to believe that the general rule of interpreting ambiguities in favor of the insured does not apply with the same force here and therefore does not compel us to adopt the Bank's interpretation.
18
The general rule regarding ambiguities also does not apply because the interpretation of the word "liability" propounded by the Bank conflicts with the basic characteristics of title insurance. First, title insurance is a contract of indemnity, not guarantee. Gibraltar Sav. v. Commonwealth Land Title Ins. Co., 905 F.2d 1203, 1205 (8th Cir.1990); Diversified Mortgage Investors v. U.S. Life Title Ins. Co. of N.Y., 544 F.2d 571, 574 n. 2 (2d Cir.1976); Goode v. Federal Title and Ins. Corp., 162 So.2d 269, 270 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1964) (quoting Annotation, Measure, extent, or amount of recovery on policy of title insurance, 60 A.L.R.2d 972, 975-76); Green v. Evesham Corp., 179 N.J.Super. 105, 111, 430 A.2d 944, 947 (quoting Diversified Mortgage Investors v. U.S. Life Title Ins. Co. of N.Y., 544 F.2d at 574), certif. denied, 87 N.J. 422, 434 A.2d 1095 (1981); Grunberger v. Iseson, 75 A.D.2d 329, 331, 429 N.Y.S.2d 209, 210 (1980); Burke, supra, at Sec. 1.3.1. Thus, an insurer does not guarantee the state of the title, but rather, agrees to indemnify the insured for any loss. Burke, supra, at Sec. 1.3.1. Another distinguishing characteristic of a contract to indemnify is that the loss must be actual; the mere existence of a defect covered by the policy in and of itself is not sufficient to justify recovery. Title & Trust Co. of Fla. v. Parker, 468 So.2d 520, 523 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1985); Ferrell v. Inter-County Title Guar. & Mortgage Co., 213 So.2d 518, 521 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1968); see Green, 179 N.J.Super. 105, 111, 430 A.2d at 947-48; Goode, 162 So.2d at 270; Burke, supra, at Sec. 1.3.1. Currently, there is no determination of the exact amount of loss, if any, that Ticor owes the Bank.
19
The Bank's argument regarding the meaning of "liability" also fails to recognize the important distinction between a title insurance policy issued to the owner of property, and a policy such as the one in question here, issued to a mortgagee who merely has a security interest in the property. See Bank of Miami Beach v. Lawyers' Title Guar. Fund, 214 So.2d 95, 96 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1968), cert. dismissed, 239 So.2d 97 (1970); Goode, 162 So.2d at 270; CMEI, Inc. v. American Title Ins. Co., 447 So.2d 427, 428 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1984); Green, 179 N.J.Super. 105, 109, 430 A.2d at 946; Blackhawk Production Credit Association v. Chicago Title Insurance, 144 Wis.2d 68, 78-9, 423 N.W.2d 521, 525 (1988); Burke, supra, at Sec. 2.2. This distinction relates to the definition and measurement of the loss. More specifically, an owner-insured is entitled to the full market value of the property, a value that is immediately diminished by the presence of title defects.
20
On the contrary, a mortgagee-insured's loss cannot be determined unless the note is not repaid and the security for the mortgage proves inadequate. Blackhawk Prod. Credit Ass'n v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 144 Wis.2d at 78-79, 423 N.W.2d at 525 (1988); CMEI, Inc., 447 So.2d at 428; Green, 179 N.J.Super. 105, 109, 430 A.2d at 946; Burke, supra, at Sec. 2.2. Such is the case because it is only after the insurer or the insured sues on the note and the debtor fails to pay, that the actual loss can be determined. Burke, supra, at Sec. 2.2. Put another way, it is not the mortgage note that is insured, but rather, what is insured is the loss resulting from a defect in the security. Southwest Title Ins. Co. v. Northland Bldg. Corp., 552 S.W.2d 425, 430 (Tex.1977). In the case at hand, the exact amount of this actual loss remains uncertain. The Supreme Judicial Court remanded the case for a determination of the loss, taking into consideration the passage of time and the Buyer's improvements to the property. Until that determination, there is no reconveyance, no repayment of the purchase price from the Seller to the Buyer, and no way to ascertain the dollar amount of the Bank's impaired security.
21
The plaintiffs attempt to circumvent this result by arguing that Ticor can pay the outstanding principal, interest and late charges due under the note and subrogate to the Bank's rights. This argument is unavailing. Paragraph 5 of the policy states in relevant part that "[Ticor] shall have the option to pay or otherwise settle ... any claim insured against." Furthermore, it states that "[i]n case loss or damage is claimed under this policy by an insured, [Ticor] shall have the further option to purchase such indebtedness for the amount owing thereon...." Upon exercising the option, Ticor becomes subrogated to the Bank's rights according to Paragraph 10. The language of the policy makes it clear that subrogation is an option to be exercised at Ticor's discretion. To require Ticor to pay at this juncture would have the effect of amending the policy by making subrogation mandatory rather than optional.
22
There are two cases not raised in the parties' briefs that shed additional light on the meaning of Paragraph 6 entitled "Determination and Payment of Loss." In McHenry Savings Bank v. Pioneer National Title Insurance Co., the Illinois Appellate Court examined Paragraph 6 of a mortgagee's title insurance policy, the language of which was identical to Paragraph 6 of Ticor's policy.3 186 Ill.App.3d 238, 132 Ill.Dec. 617, 540 N.E.2d 357 (1989). In reversing the lower court's grant of the insurer's motion for summary judgment, the court emphasized that the mortgagee policy only insured against "actual loss." On the point of actual loss, the court stated that there was an issue of material fact given that the record did not indicate if the property in question had been sold, nor did it indicate what its present value was. The court then equated "loss" with "liability" holding that "[w]ithout such factual determinations it is impossible to ascertain what actual loss, if any, plaintiff has suffered as a result of the invalid mortgage lien, and, therefore it cannot be determined what the extent of defendant's liability is under paragraph 6." Id. 132 Ill.Dec. at 621, 540 N.E.2d at 361. This conclusion applies with equal force in the situation at hand, where the extent of liability will not be determined until the conclusion of the proceedings in Barnstable Superior Court.
23
The second case addresses the specific language of Paragraph 6(c) concerning when liability is "definitely fixed." In Davis v. Stewart Title Guar. Co., the Missouri Court of Appeals for the Western District addressed the question of whether the insurer had vexatiously refused to pay under a title insurance policy issued on owned property. 726 S.W.2d 839, 842 (Mo.App.1987). When the plaintiff attempted to sell the property to an abutting church, he was told that the church had an easement for parking over part of the tract. Upon learning of the right of easement asserted by the church, the plaintiff contacted the title insurer and requested that it take action. The insurer refused and the plaintiff therefore brought an action on his own against the church for unlawful detainer.
24
The title insurance policy in Davis provided that when presented with a claim of an adverse interest to the insured property, the insurer had the option of pursuing a quiet title action without unreasonable delay, or of paying any loss resulting from the defect. Davis, 726 S.W.2d at 845. Regarding the timing of payment of the loss, the policy contained precisely the same language as Ticor's policy, namely, that "[w]hen liability has been definitely fixed ... the loss or damage shall be payable within 30 days thereafter." Davis, 726 S.W.2d at 845 n. 2. In a lengthy opinion, the court held that the liability of the insurer was definitely fixed when it refused to take any action to quiet title. Thus, the court held that an offer of payment of the loss was due thirty days thereafter. Davis, 726 S.W.2d at 855.
25
At first glance, this holding would seem to lend support to the Bank's argument that "liability" and "loss" are not synonymous as liability was "fixed" in Davis before the loss was calculated. Upon closer examination, however, Davis is distinguishable because the policy in Davis was an owner's policy and not a mortgagee's policy such as that issued by Ticor.4 As discussed above, there are substantive differences between the two types of policies. The interest of an owner, such as the plaintiff in Davis, is immediately diminished by the presence of a defect, in that case, the easement. CMEI, 447 So.2d at 428; Green, 179 N.J.Super. 105, 109, 430 A.2d at 946; Burke, supra, at Sec. 2.2. The policy issued by Ticor, however, is a mortgagee's policy which means that the actual loss can only be determined after the Buyer is sued on the outstanding note and fails to pay the judgment. See Burke, supra, at Sec. 2.2. This determination will be made by way of the complaint in intervention asserted by the Bank for payment of the note. We are not unsympathetic to the plaintiff's concern that the loss may exceed the policy's limit while the state action is pending. Until that action is concluded, however, the amount owed by Ticor is undetermined.
26
Our conclusion that the Bank's action in this case was premature is supported by the existence of Paragraph 7 which states that "[n]o claim shall arise or be maintainable under this policy ... in the event of litigation until there has been a final determination by a court of competent jurisdiction...." According to the principles of construction discussed previously, we must assume that this provision can be read together with Note I which expanded the standard coverage to include the pending state case. Reading the two provisions together supports Ticor's position, as "final determination" clauses refer to a "final determination of any litigation concerning the subject matter of a claim." Burke, supra, at Sec. 9.4.3 (Supp.1989) (emphasis added); see Eureka, 530 F.Supp. at 1118 n. 8 (no liability until "the litigation was finally resolved"). "Any litigation" would include the Supreme Judicial Court's remand to Barnstable Superior Court in Thibbitts v. Crowley.
27
This construction of the "final determination" provision in Ticor's policy is consistent with those cases addressing the issue of when a judgment is final for appeal purposes. The United States Supreme Court has held that a final decision is one that ends litigation and leaves the court with nothing to do but execute the judgment. Catlin v. United States, 324 U.S. 229, 233, 65 S.Ct. 631, 633, 89 L.Ed. 911 (1945). Thus, a determination of liability is not a final decision where the issue of damages remains unresolved. Liberty Mut. Ins . Co. v. Wetzel, 424 U.S. 737, 744, 96 S.Ct. 1202, 1206, 47 L.Ed.2d 435 (1976); Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, U.S. Dep't of Labor v. Bath Iron Works Corp., 853 F.2d 11, 15 (1st Cir.1988) (rejecting argument that because remand involved a purely ministerial arithmetic function, the judgment was final).
28
Despite our conclusion that the Bank's action in this case was premature, it is worth noting that, although rare, it is possible to negotiate a title insurance policy provision that permits recovery for losses prior to a final determination of litigation. See, e.g., Eureka, 530 F.Supp. at 1118. For example, the parties in one case drafted "Note II" of an owner's title insurance policy to encompass loss or damage arising out of the enforcement or attempted enforcement of rights by tenants in the building covered by the policy. Id. at 1114. The court had to resolve the conflict between Note II and a "final determination" clause identical to that in Ticor's policy.
29
The court held that standing alone, the "final determination" provision meant that the insurer would not be liable for any amount until "litigation was finally resolved." Id. at 1118 n. 8. Unlike the present situation, however, the "final determination" provision could not be reconciled with "Note II." Given that the parties had specifically negotiated the unique coverage of Note II, the court held that Note II prevailed, and the company was liable for losses regardless of the ultimate outcome of the tenants' action. Id. at 1118. The court noted, however, that coverage of interim losses as provided for by the parties in Eureka was novel. Id. at 1117. Moreover, it is worth pointing out that Eureka involved an owner's rather than a mortgagee's policy of title insurance.
30
It follows that because there has been no breach of the title insurance contract, the plaintiffs have also failed to state a claim for violation of Mass.Gen.L. ch. 93A. Thus, that count of the complaint was also properly dismissed.
31
In sum, and for all of the reasons stated above, the district court did not err in dismissing without prejudice as premature the Bank's action for payment under the title insurance policy and for violation of Mass.Gen.L. ch. 93A. Accordingly, the district court's judgment is hereby affirmed. Costs to appellees.
*
Of the District of Massachusetts, sitting by designation
1
Honorable Douglas P. Woodlock, United States District Judge, presiding
2
Patrick M. Crowley was acting as Trustee of the Mashpee Industrial Park Realty Trust. He was replaced by Richard P. Crowley, who at the closing, conveyed the Mashpee property to South Cape. For simplicity purposes, the term "Buyer" shall be used to refer to both Thibbitts and South Cape
3
The court quoted Paragraph 6 in "pertinent part," namely 6(a)(i) and (ii) which state:
6
Determination and Payment of Loss
(a) The liability of the Company under this policy shall in no case exceed the least of:
(i) the actual loss of the insured claimant; or
(ii) the amount of insurance stated in Schedule A, or, if applicable, the amount of insurance as defined in paragraph 2(a) hereof, or
(iii) the amount of the indebtedness secured by the insured mortgage as determined under paragraph 8 hereof, at the time the loss or damage insured against hereunder occurs, together with interest thereon.
4
The opinion in Davis states that the plaintiff received the land as security for a promissory note. Davis, 726 S.W.2d at 842. Nonetheless the opinion makes it clear that the policy was "issued on owned property." Likewise, in a previous appeal, the court stated that the plaintiff took out the title policy in conjunction with the real estate purchase. See Davis v. Stewart Title Guar. Co., 695 S.W.2d 164, 165 (Mo.App.1985). The plaintiff would not be considered an owner simply by virtue of a security arrangement given that Missouri follows the lien theory of mortgages. See R.L. Sweet Lumber Co. v. E.L. Lane, 513 S.W.2d 365, 368 (Mo.1974)
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
Q:
Error occured converting lead: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: could not initialize proxy - no Session
I'm new to Hibernate and I'm getting the following error when trying to pull a collection from a =n entity model,
Error occured converting lead: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: [...] could not initialize proxy - no Session
I've tried adding the @Transactional but I haven't had any success.
Relevant code:
Policy.java
@Entity
@Table(name = "policy")
public class Policy {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "policy")
private Set<Item> items = new HashSet<>();
...
}
IntercomApiImpl
@Component
public class IntercomApiImpl implements IntercomApi {
private final String apiToken;
private final PolicyFeeDao policyFeeDao;
private final SimpleDateFormat dobFormat;
@Autowired
public IntercomApiImpl(@Qualifier("intercomApiToken") String apiToken,
PolicyFeeDao policyFeeDao) {
this.apiToken = apiToken;
Intercom.setToken(this.apiToken);
this.policyFeeDao = policyFeeDao;
this.dobFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
}
private Map<String, CustomAttribute> getPolicyAttrs(Policy policyToPay) {
Map<String, CustomAttribute> customAttrs = Maps.newHashMap();
Set<Item> items = policyToPay.getItems();
customAttrs.put("item_count",
CustomAttribute.newIntegerAttribute("item_count", items.size()));
return customAttrs;
}
}
I also have this set up (I'm not sure it's relevant):
@Bean
public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean() {
LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
sessionFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.app.model");
sessionFactoryBean.setHibernateProperties(hibernateProperties());
return sessionFactoryBean;
}
protected Properties hibernateProperties() {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", getProperty("hibernate.dialect"));
return properties;
}
@Bean
public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager() {
return new HibernateTransactionManager(sessionFactoryBean().getObject());
}
I've tried adding @Transactional to getPolicyAttrs() but that didn't work. Any idea what I am missing?
A:
@Transactional won't work in this case because you are not fetching your Policy in this method, you are passing it in as a parameter instead.
You can change your OneToMany relationship to be EAGER so the child objects are always fetched with parent, thou this might lead to performance issues. If you want to keep it lazy, you will have to explicitly call on the lazy collection to initialize it, by using Hibernate.initialize():
Hibernate.initialize(policyToPay.getItems());
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Pull all images with specific tag from repository
I want to pull all the images with tag 1.2.0 from here.
Is this possible?
A:
You pull specific tags with the following syntax:
docker pull fedora:1.0
From your new question, you appear to want to pull multiple repositories from a specific login on Docker Hub. I'm not aware of a command that supports this but you should be able to script the docker search output.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Bill Post
Bill Post is an American politician and radio personality who is a member of the Republican Party. In 2014, he was elected to represent Oregon's House District 25 in the Oregon House of Representatives. He was a conservative talk radio host until March 2014, when he suspended his show after garnering a Republican primary opponent, Barbara Jensen of Keizer. He stated at the time that he would remain program director and operations manager at the radio station.
Post defeated Jensen in the May 20, 2014, primary and went on to face Independent Party nominee Chuck Lee in the general election, whom he also defeated.
Post had no primary election challenger in May 2016 and went on to defeat Democratic challenger Sharon Freeman in November 2016.
In 2017, while a sitting State Representative, Post returned to the airwaves on another local AM station, 1220 KPJC, first in the mornings, then moving his show to the 3–6pm time slot.
After winning his third term in November of 2018 against Democratic challenger David McCall of Keizer, Post currently holds the seat for Oregon's 25th House district, which includes Keizer, St. Paul, and Newberg.
Personal life
Post was born at Luke Air Force Base in Glendale, Arizona. He moved to Oregon at an early age and grew up in Albany, Redmond, and Salem. He attended George Fox University and Southern Oregon State College, where he earned a bachelor's degree. He has been involved in radio, first as a deejay and later as a conservative talk radio personality, since 1979. He hosted the Bill Post Radio Show on KYKN from 2009 to 2014. His wife Colleen is a teacher. He has one son, Kai.
References
External links
Legislative website
Campaign website
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the Oregon House of Representatives
Category:Oregon Republicans
Category:People from Keizer, Oregon
Category:Southern Oregon University alumni
Category:American radio personalities
Category:George Fox University alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:21st-century American politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Laparoscopic nephrectomy: present state and future developments.
Laparoscopy has been a valuable tool in gynecologic practice for many years but it is only recently that this technology has been applied to urological surgery.1 Initially laparoscopy was used in urology only for di- agnostic purposes; however, following the success of laparoscopic cholecystectomy,' the technique was utilized to perform therapeutic procedures such as varicocelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.v' Open surgery has been the standard for nephrectomy for over 100 years and the techniques, results, and complica- tions have been well documented in surgical texts. Laparoscopic nephrectomy is also a relatively new appli- cation, having only been first described in 1991.5 This article will review the current status of laparoscopic nephrectomy and speculate on its future role. The pros and cons of the laparoscopic technique when com- pared to open nephrectomy will also be discussed. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- int16 Value
type int16Value int16
func newInt16Value(val int16, p *int16) *int16Value {
*p = val
return (*int16Value)(p)
}
func (i *int16Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 16)
*i = int16Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *int16Value) Type() string {
return "int16"
}
func (i *int16Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatInt(int64(*i), 10) }
func int16Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(sval, 0, 16)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return int16(v), nil
}
// GetInt16 returns the int16 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetInt16(name string) (int16, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "int16", int16Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(int16), nil
}
// Int16Var defines an int16 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int16 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int16Var(p *int16, name string, value int16, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt16Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int16VarP is like Int16Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int16VarP(p *int16, name, shorthand string, value int16, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt16Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int16Var defines an int16 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int16 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Int16Var(p *int16, name string, value int16, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt16Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int16VarP is like Int16Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int16VarP(p *int16, name, shorthand string, value int16, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt16Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int16 defines an int16 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int16 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int16(name string, value int16, usage string) *int16 {
p := new(int16)
f.Int16VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Int16P is like Int16, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int16P(name, shorthand string, value int16, usage string) *int16 {
p := new(int16)
f.Int16VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Int16 defines an int16 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int16 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Int16(name string, value int16, usage string) *int16 {
return CommandLine.Int16P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Int16P is like Int16, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int16P(name, shorthand string, value int16, usage string) *int16 {
return CommandLine.Int16P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Biologic changes after delivery may prevent development of chronic pain
Chronic pain from childbirth is remarkably rare, according to a study from the January issue of Anesthesiology. Additionally, in a second study, researchers at Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., found the biologic changes after delivery may prevent the development of pain.
Childbirth is often associated with physical injury. Whether women deliver vaginally or through cesarean section, many experience unavoidable physical injury and may be at risk for the development of chronic pain. Researchers wanted to determine whether childbirth represents a major cause of chronic pain in women.
In the first study, 1,228 women were interviewed within 36 hours of delivery. Of these women, 76 percent successfully completed a telephone interview at two months, and, if they had pain, at six and 12 months after delivery.
Pain that began at the time of delivery was remarkably rare six and 12 months later. Only 1.8% of the women who had pain that began at the time of delivery had pain 6 months later and only 0.3% of women with pain beginning at the time of delivery had pain at 12 months.
"The study suggests there may be a protecting mechanism that is active around the time of childbirth to prevent chronic pain from physical injury," said James C. Eisenach, M.D., Professor, Anesthesiology-Obstetric and Gynecologic Anesthesia, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. "In our accompanying lab study, we analyzed the sources of this natural protection in hopes we may be able to develop treatments to prevent chronic pain from happening after other types of trauma or surgery, similar to vaccines to prevent infectious diseases."
In the second study, preliminary research in rats was conducted to assess a possible mechanism for a low incidence of chronic pain after childbirth. The effect of pregnancy and delivery on hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve injury (spinal nerve ligation (SNL)) to mechanical stimuli was investigated. The effects of spinal injection of atosiban (an antagonist of oxytocin, a hormone that is important during and after childbirth) and naloxone (an opioid receptor blocker) were also examined, as well as oxytocin concentration in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid.
Results showed pain-like behavior from SNL surgery recovered more rapidly when the surgery was performed shortly after delivery compared to non-pregnant control rats. The more rapid recovery was temporarily blocked by spinal injection of the oxytocin antagonist, atosiban, but not the opioid antagonist, naloxone, and cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin was increased in rats after delivery. The more rapid recovery was also blocked if the pups were removed (weaned) from the mother, which would likely reduce maternal oxytocin release. These results suggest elevated oxytocin concentrations in the brain and spinal cord in the postpartum period protects mothers against chronic hypersensitivity from peripheral nerve injury.
"Oxytocin in the brain is considered important to mother-baby bonding, trust, love and social engagement. These results suggest the surge in oxytocin around childbirth may also speed recovery from the pain caused by childbirth," continued Dr. Eisenach.
"Both studies provide important new information toward understanding the development of chronic pain after childbirth," added Cynthia A. Wong, M.D., Northwestern University, Chicago, in an accompanying editorial. "Understanding whether and how pregnancy protects against the development of post-traumatic chronic pain is not only important to women who give birth and their children, but may also provide therapeutic targets for future prevention and treatment of chronic pain in other populations."
Dr. Eisenach is the Editor-in-Chief of Anesthesiology.
For more information, visit the Anesthesiology website at anesthesiology.org.
News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance
with these terms and conditions.
Please note that medical information found
on this website is designed to support, not to replace the relationship
between patient and physician/doctor and the medical advice they may provide.
This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.
Find out more here. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
Is there a way to use several cygwin terminals?
Is there a way to use several cygwin terminals? I can only open one at a time.
A:
Open a Cygwin terminal
Alt+F2 or Right click on the top bar | New to open a new terminal
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Is there a way to get a constant update of the server time from Firebase?
My goal is for the app's viewController to do something when it reaches 6:00 pm server time. The problem is that if I use the generic code:
let timestamp = FIRServerValue.timestamp(),
Then it only gets called once, and I can't see the data updated to check against 6:00. Any solutions or workarounds would be very helpful. Thank you in advance.
A:
Once you get the timestamp, compare it to the difference of your current computer. So for instance if you get it at it's 4:01 but your current computer is 4:00 then you know you have +1 minutes.
Then just wait for 6:00 - difference, in this case 1 minute and your server time will read 5:59 but firebase will be +1 therefore it will be 6:00.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION FEB 19 2010
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JUAN AUGUSTO REYES-ESCOBAR, Nos. 08-56601
Petitioner, Agency No. A 71-584-048
v. MEMORANDUM *
ERIC H. HOLDER Jr., Attorney General,
Respondent.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Audrey B. Collins, District Judge, Presiding
JUAN AUGUSTO REYES-ESCOBAR, Nos. 08-70918
Petitioner, Agency No. A 71-584-048
v. MEMORANDUM *
ERIC H. HOLDER Jr., Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Argued and Submitted February 5, 2010
Pasadena, California
Before: WARDLAW and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and SEDWICK, **
District Judge.
Juan Augusto Reyes-Escobar (“Reyes-Escobar”) appeals the Board of
Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming the denial of his motion to
reopen his 1994 in absentia exclusion order. He also appeals the district court’s
grant of summary judgment affirming the United States Citizenship and
Immigration Services’ (“USCIS”) determination of his ineligibility for benefits
under the settlement agreement in Am. Baptist Churches v. Thornburg, 760 F.
Supp. 796 (N.D. Cal. 1991) (“ABC Agreement”) . We have jurisdiction pursuant
to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm the BIA and district court.1
1. To prevail on a motion to reopen, Reyes-Escobar must demonstrate
“reasonable cause” for his earlier failure to appear. Matter of Haim, 19 I. & N.
Dec. 641, 642 (BIA 1988). This court reviews de novo Reyes-Escobar’s
“reasonable cause” showing. Hernandez-Vivas v. INS, 23 F.3d 1557, 1560 (9th
Cir. 1994), but cf. Valencia-Fragoso v. INS, 321 F.3d 1204 (9th Cir. 2003).
**
The Honorable John W. Sedwick, United States District Judge for the
District of Alaska, sitting by designation.
1
Because the parties are familiar with the facts and procedural history, we
do not restate them here except as necessary to explain our decision.
Page 2 of 5
Reyes-Escobar did not demonstrate “reasonable cause” for his failure to
appear at his 1994 asylum hearing. The record establishes his awareness of the
hearing. His explanation, that he was denied admission to the building due to late
arrival, is implausible because the building was open-access. He failed, moreover,
to contact the government for ten years after the missed hearing to explain his
absence.
2. Reyes-Escobar is not entitled to administrative closure. He did not
request administrative closure at his 1994 hearing, and neither the ABC Agreement
nor due process entitled him to administrative closure in absentia. In re Salvador
Morales, 21 I. & N. Dec. 130, 137 (BIA 1996) (en banc); Am. Baptist Churches,
760 F. Supp. at 805. The purpose of administrative closure is to allow USCIS the
opportunity to determine ABC Agreement benefits eligibility. Morales, 21 I. & N.
Dec. at 134. Because USCIS has determined that Reyes-Escobar is ineligible, his
request for administrative closure is moot.
3. We review de novo the district court’s grant of summary judgment and
interpretation of settlement agreements. Canyon Ferry Road Baptist Church of
East Helena, Inc. v. Unsworth, 556 F.3d 1021, 1027 (9th Cir. 2009); Sotelo v.
Gonzales, 430 F.3d 968, 970 (9th Cir. 2005).
Page 3 of 5
4. We conclude that Reyes-Escobar cannot benefit from the Fleuti doctrine.
See Rosenburg v. Fleuti, 374 U.S. 449, 462 (1963). The Fleuti doctrine provides
that a legal permanent resident’s excursion outside the United States may not
interrupt his residency period depending on three factors: (1) the length of the
alien’s absence; (2) the purpose of the visit; and (3) whether the alien must produce
travel documents.
Reyes-Escobar cannot take advantage of the Fleuti doctrine for several
reasons. First, it is not clear that the doctrine applies to ABC Agreement members
because it was developed to benefit legal permanent residents and concerns the
interpretation of a section of the Immigration and Nationality Act that is not at
issue here. Moreover, because the ABC Agreement contemplates that class
members will become ineligible for benefits if they leave the United States and are
apprehended upon reentry, Am. Baptist Churches, 760 F. Supp at 800, the Fleuti
doctrine does not appear to apply to ABC Agreement members. Furthermore, even
if the Fleuti doctrine applied, Reyes-Escobar would not qualify for relief because
he chose to leave the country after being denied the requisite travel documents.
5. The government did not violate the ABC Agreement by apprehending
Reyes-Escobar on reentry. As noted, the ABC Agreement contemplated that
members could lose eligibility by leaving the United States. Am. Baptist Churches,
Page 4 of 5
760 F. Supp. at 800. Also, contrary to Reyes-Escobar’s contention, paragraph 17
of the ABC Agreement, which prohibits the government from “detain[ing]” class
members except under limited circumstances, does not preclude the government
from apprehending class members at point of entry. See generally Chaly-Garcia v.
U.S., 508 F.3d 1201, 1203 (9th Cir. 2007) (holding that the ABC Agreement “is a
contract and its enforceability is governed by familiar principles of contract law”
and that “[c]ontract terms are to be given their ordinary meaning, and when the
terms of a contract are clear, the intent of the parties must be ascertained from the
contract itself.”).
6. Finally, registering as an ABC class member did not vest Reyes-Escobar’s
ABC benefits. He became ineligible for benefits under Paragraph 2 of the ABC
Agreement following his apprehension. Am. Baptist Churches, 760 F. Supp. at
800.
Accordingly, the BIA’s decision and the district court’s grant of summary
judgment are AFFIRMED.
Page 5 of 5
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
It’s hard to tell what really goes on inside a bank. Contrary to what they would have you believe — that they’re breaking down silos and collaborating more externally — they’re still staunch guardians of their IP.
That’s where the PR comes in: If they’re to be believed, banks are hiring digital and tech talent and moving them all into the C-suite, they’re investing in startups, partnering with startups, testing new technologies, thinking about blockchains, opening APIs to third party financial firms, opening innovation labs.
In this installment of Confessions, in which we trade anonymity in exchange for honesty, we spoke with a PR professional whose agency handles communications for some of the largest and most recognized financial services brands.
What has your job taught you about financial technology?
Nearly every relevant firm believes they’re a fintech player — whether they are or not. Every client in finance wants to chat about what a tech player they are: how their tech is more advanced or more integrated or more seamless. In truth, they’ve adopted the bare minimum amount of technology in order to keep their business running. There’s a massive difference between paving a new path in finance using technology to the fullest extent of its capabilities and continuing “business as usual” with the same processes as before — only digital.
Almost every bank has an “innovation lab,” a lot of them like to talk about design thinking now. Do you buy any of this?
Banks are looking for ways to “act like startups” but aren’t actually doing anything new or different — they’re misunderstanding what makes a startup a startup. Fintech startups are trying to make something cool that works, drives people to adopt it and often fundamentally shifts the way they experience their money. Banks are trying to look cool without backing it up with anything deliverable, actionable or habit-changing.
Banks and startups embrace collaboration or “partnerships” now. Are startups a little short sighted or optimistic about the end game here?
Startups don’t understand the actual ramifications of being responsible to shareholders and what that does to your business and your focuses. The freedom of the startup mentality is huge. It’s just like Silicon Valley [the TV show], as cheesy as that sounds: once you get acquired, you’re no longer able to innovate in the same way, because you’re no longer the boss even if you’re the CEO. Your shareholders become the boss.
How often do you have to spin something for a client that you just don’t find believable?
Regularly. Particularly when clients are convinced that what they’re doing is “brand new” or “cutting edge.” While it may be cutting edge within their competitor set, they’re rarely doing anything that is actually new or exciting. Then they come to me to look for conversations with top tech folks, when really that isn’t the place they should be going. Finance companies are almost entirely legacy brands that have been around for decades — some for centuries. They move slowly and cautiously. Startups have more luxury of being scrappy, weird and no holds barred, though obviously we see that lead to disaster in environments like Uber.
Where should they be going instead?
To people who care about the shifts they’re making — finance folks who write about tech, not tech folks. Fintech is a tricky space to navigate, but they should be focusing on the “fin” targets and less on the “tech” portion when it comes to media — because that’s where their message will resonate.
There’s a lot of crap to cut through in this industry. Tell me something real.
Finance companies are trying. They really are. But the truth is that most of these companies are led by old white men who are not tech-savvy and aren’t ever going to be. If you want to be a digital player, bring in digital natives. Bring in people who will push the envelope. And then listen to them. You can’t just hire a chief innovation officer who sold a startup at 18 and expect that to turn your business around if they’re treated like a token millennial.
Banks these days are all about putting customers at the center of everything and showing they’re more than just an account. To what extent is that true?
If you’re a customer of a publicly traded bank, you’re just a note on their bottom line in the long run. Putting the customer before everything is great as long as it’s good for the bottom line. It’s mostly just noise. | {
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Przyłuki
Przyłuki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzyrzec Podlaski, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north of Międzyrzec Podlaski, west of Biała Podlaska, and north of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Category:Villages in Biała Podlaska County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
In addition to a compression ring configured to keep combustion gas out, an oil ring configured to control oil on a cylinder inner surface is mounted on a piston of a reciprocating engine (an internal combustion engine). As such an oil ring, a multi-piece oil ring in which one or a pair of side rails are attached to a space expander in an annular shape has been popularly used.
The side rail used in the multi-piece oil ring is formed in a split ring shape with an opening such that, when pushed by the space expander, the side rail extends its diameter and its outer peripheral surface contacts with the cylinder inner surface applying a predetermined contact pressure (a predetermined surface pressure). When the piston reciprocates during running of the engine, the outer peripheral surface of the side rail slides on the cylinder inner surface, forming an oil film with an appropriate thickness on the cylinder inner surface and scraping off excess oil adhered to the cylinder inner surface toward a crankcase to prevent the oil from climbing up to a combustion chamber.
In recent years, following an improvement in functionality of the internal combustion engine to meet a market demand for low fuel consumption and low oil consumption, there has been a demand for a multi-piece oil ring capable of controlling an oil scraping-up action during piston upstroke (compression stroke and exhaust stroke) and amplifying an oil scraping-off action during piston downstroke (intake stroke and combustion stroke) and thus reducing friction against the cylinder inner surface as well as the oil consumption. In an effort to meet such a demand, there are proposed side rails having outer peripheral surfaces facing radially outward and formed in various shapes.
For example, patent literature PLT 1 set forth below describes a side rail having an outer peripheral surface facing radially outward formed in a curved surface having a vertex at its axial center and protruding radially outward. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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贝利购--专注海外购鞋
By ziying XIONG
Description
"Bailey Purchase - A Necessary App for Overseas Authentic Products"
A Super Shopping App for Overseas Footwear Brands.
Really achieve zero-difference global shopping app, the world's genuine goods delivered to your immediate, no longer need to rush to Japan, South Korea, Europe and the United States, you can enjoy the quality of life beyond value! From then on, let you love the hand-cutting artifacts of Shanghai Taotao!
[Product characteristics]
1. Overseas well-known official website cooperation, 100% authentic supply!
2. Select the world's best products, and really achieve zero price difference!
3. Official price is synchronized in real time, with more than a little discount.
4. Including millions of global e-commerce goods, the world-renowned e-commerce shopping websites directly deliver goods, transshipment or direct mail home, to ensure the authenticity of goods.
5. All official orders are clearly available and traceable throughout international logistics.
6. Guarantee of authentic products, so that shopping is no longer troublesome.
More concessional activities waiting for you to discover! | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Platydoris carolynae
Platydoris carolynae is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.
Distribution
The holotype for this species was collected intertidally at the docking area for the Charles Darwin Research Station, , Galapagos Islands in 1964. Seven paratype specimens were collected from the intertidal zone down to 10 m depth in 1971 and 1972 from Santa Cruz Island, Jervis Island and Isabella Island. The 1971 specimens were collected by the Ameripagos expedition which carried out the first investigations into the nudibranchs of the Galapagos Islands.
Description
Platydoris carolynae is a large, flattened dorid nudibranch with a distinctive pattern of irregular, merging black or brown markings on a cream background. Adults grow to at least 45 mm in length and 32 mm wide. The underside of the mantle is also cream with black or brown spotting, each spot made up of multiple fine cross-hatched lines. The rhinophores are tan-coloured with dark brown spots. The gills are translucent with dark brown or black specks.
References
Category:Discodorididae
Category:Gastropods described in 1974 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of Space Invaders video games
Space Invaders is a Japanese shooting video game released in 1978 by Taito. It was developed by Tomohiro Nishikado, who was inspired by other media: Breakout, The War of the Worlds, and Star Wars. It is one of the forerunners of modern video gaming and helped expand the video game industry from a novelty to a global industry. It was first released as an arcade game and later remade on different platforms; re-releases include ported and updated versions. Ported versions generally feature different graphics and additional gameplay options, including moving defense bunkers, zigzag shots, invisible aliens, and two-player modes.
Taito released numerous sequels and spin-offs, many of which have also been remade on multiple platforms, including home consoles and handheld devices. Follow up titles are typically released in celebration of the original's anniversary. The first sequels were primarily released in arcades, while later titles were released on portable devices. Sequels often added power-ups and incorporated new gameplay mechanics—like three-dimensional playing fields, bosses, and rhythm-action—to the original's design. Most titles were released internationally, though some are exclusive to select regions. The games have received different receptions: the Atari 2600 port of the original became the video game industry's first "killer app", while some sequels were regarded as insignificant updates. Space Invaders and several of its arcade sequels are often included in video game compilations released by Taito. It inspired numerous other games; many companies created clones that copied its gameplay (such as Super Invader and TI Invaders), while others built upon the original's gameplay (such as Galaxian and Galaga).
Arcade games
Home console games
Portable and handheld games
Compilations
Other titles
See also
Galaxian, a successful shooting game based on Space Invaders, and released by Namco in 1979.
Defender, a successful shooting game partially based on Space Invaders, and released by Williams Electronics in 1980.
References
External links
Official Taito site
List of Space Invader games by Taito via archive.org
Space Invaders video games
Category:Space Invaders
Space Invaders
ja:スペースインベーダー | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Wednesday, April 30, 2014
Six families in Sallisaw were left homeless Wednesday evening when a fire broke out at Royal West Apartments on Ruth Street. Sallisaw firemen contacted the Red Cross and Red Cross personnel were on their way to make other living arrangements for the families and to provide them with food. At least two apartments were destroyed in the fire and four others were badly smoke damaged. No one was injured and all the families and their pets were able to escape without injury. The fire erupted at about 7 p.m. and Fire Chief Anthony Armstrong, above left, said the cause of the fire was still under investigation. The fire began in Apt. 5, where Jimmy and Mary Hunt live. They believe a candle may have started the fire according to what they told apartment manager Brenda Adams. The apartment complex is owned by Lynn Bolton, who arrived shortly after the fire began. Adams said, "Everybody's safe. That's all I'm worried about. Material things can be replaced. No one died and even the animals are all safe." The families were told that when the firefighters had the apartment building safe, they would be allowed to get what they could from the smoke-damaged apartments. As of 8:15 p.m. all of Sallisaw's firefighters and fire trucks were still on the scene. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Director
Clean Line Energy is looking for a route to transmit wind power from western Oklahoma to the Tennessee area and is holding a meeting at 6:30 p.m. Thursday at Belfonte School, north of Muldrow, to meet with property owners and hear their concerns. Company spokesman, Phillip Teel, the company's Oklahoma manager, said there is no definite route yet. An Environmental Impact Study must be done and the route approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). The DOE will most likely suggest a route later this year or early next year, and other agencies are studying the environmental and local impact of the proposed route.Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.By Sally MaxwellSenior News Director
April 2015. . .that’s when the new Sallisaw Sports Complex
is expected to be ready for play. City Manager Bill Baker said Sallisaw
City Commissioners unanimously approved bids at a special meeting
Wednesday morning to provide water to the complex and for lighting. Construction is to begin May 12 on four
baseball fields and four softball fields. Seven of those fields
will be lighted, and the city is searching for funding to light the eighth. Baker said the city commissioners approved a contract with
LLG Construction Inc. of Oktaha, for $339,330 to build the 12-inch waterline
down Delaware Street to the complex. The LLG bid was the lowest. The
commissioners also approved an agreement with Hawkins-Weir Engineers of Van
Buren for administration and inspection of the water line. Baker said the $3.9 million sports complex project contract is for 300 days and the complex should be done, weather permitting, by March or April next year. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
A 36-year-old Stigler man, who told authorities he had been
living on acorns and turtles after escaping from the Haskell County Jail on
April 22, was captured by Sallisaw police and Sequoyah County deputies at about
5 a.m. Monday. Edward Branch Jr. was charged April 28 in Haskell County
District Court with escaping from the Department of Corrections, and a warrant for
his arrest was issued the same day. Haskell County authorities said Tuesday
morning that Branch had just been sentenced to 25 years, with five years
suspended, for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, first-degree burglary,
and robbery by force and fear with a dangerous weapon. He was awaiting transfer
to the State Department of Corrections when he escaped. Haskell County Sheriff
Brian Hale was unavailable for comment on the details of the escape. It
wasn’t Branch’s first escape. According to court records, Branch was charged in
February with escaping from the same jail, but was found only three hours later
in an abandoned home. The records also reveal Branch was charged with escape
from a penal institution in Craig County in 2006. An arrest warrant on that
charge was filed in Craig County District Court on Jan. 17 of this year.
Authorities had been searching for Branch in the Kerr Lake area, and he was
captured while walking along Interstate 40. Court records indicate that Branch
has an extensive criminal history. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com. By Sally Maxwell, Senior News Director
Monday, April 28, 2014
36 year old Edward Branch Jr, an escapee from the Haskell County Detention Center, was arrested this morning by the Sallisaw Police Department after being spotted around mile marker 310 on Interstate 40 near Sallisaw. Branch escaped from the Haskell County Detention Center on April 22, 2014 around 1:00am. He is currently in the Sequoyah County Jail awaiting extradition to Haskell County. For more local stories visit our website at www.kxmx.com.
Thursday, April 24, 2014
Kyle Lewis Brannon, 18, turned himself in at the Sequoyah County Detention Center Wednesday on a
misdemeanor warrant that accuses him of destroying evidence at the scene of an
all-terrain vehicle (ATV) wreck and obstructing law enforcement. Brannon was accompanied by a bondsman, was booked and released immediately on a $2,000 bond. According to the warrant affidavit filed in Sequoyah
County District Court in Sallisaw, Brannon and another teen were called to the
ATV wreck scene by Angela Gray, 38, who told investigators she was a passenger
on the ATV which was driven, she said, by Christian Mayberry, 16, of Muldrow. Brannon and the other teen, who has also been arrested, took a
cooler and beer from the scene, and may have even moved Christian Mayberry, 16,
of Muldrow who was seriously injured in the wreck. Mayberry was thrown about 12 feet from the ATV and lay unconscious
for at least three hours before being found. He suffered a severe brain trauma
in the wreck and has been in rehabilitation ever since trying to recover his
former life. Stay tuned to KXMX for all the news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
Wednesday, April 23, 2014
Arty Allen Farris, 19, entered a not guilty plea to a first
degree murder charge Wednesday in Sequoyah County District Court in Sallisaw.
Farris was charged Tuesday for the death of Jason Stone, 22, on the night of
April 4. Farris told investigators that Stone and two others were at Farris’
home in Marble City, drinking. Farris said Stone was bullying him and hit
him on the lip. Farris said he then got a rifle, loaded one bullet, and shot
Stone when he called him a vulgar name. Farris told investigators that he then
spilled gasoline around the house and set it on fire. The state medical
examiner reported Stone died of smoke inhalation. Farris’ case was put on Judge
Larry Langley’s disposition docket on June 25. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news or visit www.kxmx.com.
Dr. Matt Bauer, center, owner of the Sallisaw Chiropractic Clinic, and his wife, Jamie, accept the Business of the Month Award from Gary Winton, left, Sallisaw Chamber of Commerce president. The award was presented Wednesday at the monthly chamber luncheon meeting. At the same meeting, Winton announced the chamber was donating $1,000 to each of three education organizations. He also reminded members that the chamber's popular Diamond Daze festival will be held June 5 through 7 at the Sallisaw High School campus.
The Sallisaw Chamber of Commerce donated $1,000 for teacher scholarships to the Sallisaw Education Foundation at the chamber's monthly meeting Wednesday. Chamber President Gary Winton, left, presented the check to, from his left, Kim Girdner, Scott Farmer, Erika Martens and Dale Phelps, who represented the foundation at the presentation.
Dr. Curtis Shumaker, right, accepts a $1,000 check for scholarships from Gary Winton, Sallisaw Chamber president. The donation to the Indian Capital Technology Center was made at the chamber luncheon Wednesday.
Dr. Faisal Khan of Sequoyah Memorial Hospital's surgery team, explained the surgeries and medical testing available to Sequoyah County residents at the Sallisaw hospital to members of the Sallisaw Chamber at the chamber's monthly luncheon Wednesday. Khan said the hospital offers state of the art proceedures and equipment. "We have all the tools to take care of the patient before, during and after surgery," he said.
Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news and updates, or visit www.kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Director
Tuesday, April 22, 2014
Late Tuesday evening emergency crews including the Oklahoma Highway Patrol and the Sequoyah County Sheriff's Department worked a deadly motorcycle crash on US Highway 59 south of Wildhorse Mountain in Sallisaw. Two riders were on the motorcycle at the time of the accident and one person was killed. According to authorities, the driver of the motorcycle was Jimmie Lovell, 72, from Muldrow. Lovell had allegedly been drinking at the time of the crash. The passenger on the bike, Peggy Sue Taylor, 63, was pronounced dead at the scene. Lovell was taken to a Fort Smith hospital with life-threatening injuries and is currently in stable condition. Lovell's blood was tested for alcohol at the hospital and it was determined at that time that he had been drinking. For more local news visit us at www.kxmx.com.
Arty Allen Farris, who will be 20 years old on April 29, was charged with first degree murder Tuesday. The charges were filed at about 2 p.m. in Sequoyah County District Court in Sallisaw. Farris is accused in the death of Jason Stone, 22, of Sallisaw. Stone's body was found in Farris' burning home in Marble City on April 4, and his body sent to the Oklahoma medical examiner. Farris was arrested for the death on April 5, and released last week on a $25,000 bond. According to court records, Farris told investigators that he, Stone and two others were drinking beer and whiskey on the night and morning of April 4 and 5. He said Stone bullied him, called him names, and hit him in the lip. That's when Farris said he got his .243 rifle, loaded it with one bullet, and shot Stone. According to the charges, Stone died of smoke inhalation after Farris poured gasoline around the living room and bedroom of his home and set it on fire. The case was investigated by the Sequoyah County Sheriff's Department, the state fire marshal and the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Director
Monday, April 21, 2014
Jan Gonzalez, 60, of Muldrow surrendered to the Muldrow Police Department at 4:00 pm on Saturday, April 19th. Gonzalez had a warrant issued for her arrest on suspicion of manslaughter. According to reports, Gonzalez and Justin Clinton, 29, also of Muldrow were involved in an accident on September 29, 2013 in which Gonzalez allegedly ran over and killed Clinton, a pedestrian, with her vehicle. Blood tests taken on the night of the incident tested positive for controlled substances. Gonzalez was also cited that night for driving under a suspended license. For the latest news stay tuned to KXMX 105.1 or visit kxmx.com.
A candidate for District Judge, District 15, Office 3, was stricken from the ballot Monday by the State Election Board. Joseph Josiah Stone, 53, of rural Stilwell, filed last week with the state board to oppose District Judge Jeff Payton, above, in the state election. But Payton, 50, also of Stilwell, challenged the eligibility of his opponent, and the election board agreed, voting to remove Stone. That means Payton is unopposed and will remain in office. In his challenge Payton said Stone has a misdemeanor conviction, and did not have the four years experience as an attorney or judge which is required for the post. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
Cherokee Nation Businesses will hold a ground breaking at 11 a.m. Tuesday for a new casino and hotel in Roland. The new facility will replace the current casino, but that casino will not be closed. The new facility will be built around the one already open. Janelle Fullbright, Cherokee Nation Tribal Council member who represents a portion of Sequoyah County, said the new entertainment venue will be built in three phases, beginning with a new casino, followed by a new hotel and then an events center. The new 170,000 square foot facility will offer 850 electronic games, table games and a private poker room. Two restaurants, a grab-and-go cafe and a buffet, will be offered to guests. The hotel will feature six stories and will be built as a resort featuring 120 rooms along with the convention center. It is expected the project will be completed by the end of 2015, and bids for various parts of the construction are being sought by the Cherokee Nation on the nation's web site. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
An arrest warrant was issued last week for an 18 year old Muldrow man accused of destroying evidence and obstructing an officer. The misdemeanor warrant is for Kyle Lewis Brannon, 18, shown above on the night of his arrest for public drunk on Sept. 1. According to the affidavit filed in Sequoyah County District Court in Sallisaw, Brannon and another teen tried to cover up the facts about an ATV wreck on Sept. 1 that left Christian Mayberry, 16, of Muldrow fighting for his life and trying to recover his former life. The information indicates Angela Gray, 38, at first told investigators that she was not involved in the wreck, but later admitted to being a passenger on the ATV with Mayberry. When the wreck occurred, Gray allegedly called for her son, who was close by, to help. The information alleges Brannon and the other teen, who has been arrested, tried to clean up the wreck and left Mayberry lying in a ditch. Two calls were made to 911 at about the same time, but when 911 dispatch called the phone number back, no one answered. The 911 call which led to authorities finding the site was made three hours later, according to court records. According to the affidavit, Brannon told investigators that an ice chest was hidden and beer poured on Mayberry in an effort to wake him up. Mayberry suffered a traumatic brain injury in the wreck, and has been in rehabilitation ever since. A 5K race will kick off at 8 a.m. April 26 from the Muldrow Veterans of Foreign Wars Post in Muldrow to raise money for the family. More information on Christian's recovery may be found on the Pray for Mayberry Facebook page. As of the time of this posting, Brannon was not in the Sequoyah County Jail. For the latest news, stay tuned to KXMX, or visit kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Director
Thursday, April 17, 2014
The mother of a 3-year-old child abuse victim, who was found to have both new and old burns and wounds, was arrested Thursday afternoon and booked into the Sequoyah County Jail for child abuse by injuries. Other allegations are expected. Skyla Nicole Harris, 21, was being held without bond Thursday after her arrest. A male suspect in the same case, Luke McKinley Walden, 26, was arrested Saturday and booked into the county jail on assault charges after Harris took the child to Sequoyah Memorial Hospital in Sallisaw on Friday, and the hospital contacted Sallisaw police. Walden was released Tuesday on a $100,000 bond. The child is in the custody of the Oklahoma Department of Human Services. Sallisaw Police Chief Terry Franklin said Sallisaw police and the Sequoyah County Sheriff's Office are joining forces to investigate the case and were doing so Thursday afternoon. "We are trying to get to the bottom of this and get some answers," Franklin said. Franklin said the sheriff's investigators are assisting with the case because the suspects in the case live outside city limits. Sallisaw police and sheriff's deputies found Walden Friday and interrogated him at the Sallisaw Police Department. According to the police report, Walden told the investigators that he had been strung out on meth for months and had whipped the baby too much and too hard, causing the injuries. He said he hit the baby so many times he could not count and that the bled from the whippings. Walden also admitted to the cigarette burns, and kicking the child and pushing him into a space heater. Walden, according to the report, stated, "I should burn in hell." According to court records the child's mother, Harris, and his grandmother filed for protective orders against Walden Tuesday in Sequoyah County District Court. Walden and Harris both told investigators that the child had been in Texas with Walden for the past three months, and had just returned one or two weeks ago. It was not in the report why the child was with Walden. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news or visit www.kxmx.com.
Wednesday, April 16, 2014
Arty Allen Farris, 19, of Marble City was released from the Sequoyah County Detention Center Tuesday on a $25,000 bond. Farris was arrested April 5 and booked into the county jail after firefighters, battling a blaze at Farris' Marble City home, found a body in the house. Farris was arrested that same day and booked into jail on suspicion of murder, two counts of arson, and one count of endangering emergency personnel. The case is being investigated by the sheriff's office, the state fire marshal and the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation. Formal charges are expected to be filed next week Jack Thorp, First Assistant District Attorney based in Tahlequah, said. Thorp is handling the case. The body was identified last week by the state medical examiner as Jason Stone, 22. Although the medical examiner has not submitted a report on the cause of death to the investigating agencies, it is expected to be reported as caused by smoke and heat inhalation. A female in the house was treated for burns in a Tulsa hospital after escaping the blaze by jumping through a window. A third man was reported to have been in the house but uninjured. Stay tuned to KXMX for all the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Director
Vann Insurance of Sallisaw will be sponsoring a hole at the 12th annual Carl Albert State College Scholarship Golf Tournament on May 10 at Shadow Creek Country Club in Sallisaw. At the announcement, above, are, from the left, Candace Emerson, Cheryl Vann, and Paul Marshal. Registration for the four-person team, 18-hole scramble will be at 8 a.m. and tee-off is at 9 a.m. The entry fee is $50 per person or $200 per team. The cost includes cart, green fees, lunch, beverages and a goodie bag. The first place team will win $600, the second place team will receive $460 and a wild-card drawing will choose the third-place team which will receive $300. Prizes will also be awarded for longest putt, longest drive, closest to the pin, and for holes in one on par 3 holes. For information contact Paul Marshall at 918-776-9242. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news or visit www.kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Editor
Tuesday, April 15, 2014
Two candidates for offices with local connections may not be on this year's ballots.
One, Tom Brennan, 42, of Poteau, who filed as a Democrat to run against the state senate incumbent, Mark Allen, 65, a Republican from Spiro, withdrew from the state senate race Monday. Bryan Dean, spokesman for the State Election Board, said a withdrawing candidate does not have to list a reason. The withdrawing candidate, however, does not get his or her $200 filing fee back. Another candidate, Ann Weaver, 66, a Democrat from Muldrow, will still face off against Allen in the Nov. 4 general election. In another race, for District 15 Judge, Office 3, the incumbent, Jeff Payton, 50, of Stilwell is challenging the eligibility of his opponent, Josiah Stone, 53. On his filing Stone lists his residence at a rural Stilwell address. At one time in the past he had a rural Muldrow address. In his challenge, filed Monday, Judge Payton argues that Stone does not have the four years experience as an attorney or a judge, as required by law for the post; is not a registered voter; was convicted of a misdemeanor, in 2011 in an Oklahoma County case; and did not file with his full name, which is Joseph Josiah Stone. According to court records, Stone was convicted of filing a false claim for victim's compensation in a jury trial on Sept. 1, 2011. Dean explained that candidates must be at least 15 years past a misdemeanor conviction in order to file for an elected office in Oklahoma. In 2009, Stone told the media he was being threatened by residents at Elohim City in northeast Sequoyah County, and promised to run against Payton, who, Stone said, would do nothing about his allegations. Dean said the three-member Oklahoma Election Board will meet April 21 in Oklahoma City to review challenges to candidates. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news, or visit www.kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Director
Monday, April 14, 2014
Vicki Sawney was chosen as the new Ward 4 city commissioner at the commission meeting Monday evening. As allowed for by the city charter, Sawney was chosen by her fellow commissioners by a vote of 3 to 1. Mayor Julie Ferguson voted against choosing Sawney after she nominated former Mayor George Glenn to fill the post. Sawney takes the place of Ferguson who gave up the Ward 4 post when elected mayor. Ironically, Sawney's husband, John, and Ferguson's late husband, Wayne, also held the Ward 4 commission post in the past. Robert Morse of Sallisaw also declared his interest in the post during the meeting, but the commissioners preferred Sawney. Voting in her favor were Ronnie Lowe, Ward 1 commissioner; Ro Poindexter, Ward 2 commissioner; and Julian Mediola, Ward 3 commissioner. The Ward 4 post will be up for election in 2015, and those seeking the post must file in December of this year. Sawney formerly served as the Sequoyah County clerk. At the same city meeting the commissioners also awarded a bid to Goodwin and Goodwin Inc. of Fort Smith, Ark., for the relocation of a waterline along Interstate 40 and Highway 64, at a cost of $77,655. City Manager Bill Baker said the state will reimburse the city for the work. The commissioners also voted to condemn as a nuisance the old church building at 319 W. Choctaw as a hazard to the public, and to seek bids to have it demolished. It was noted that several parties had looked at the building as a renovation project, but determined that the cost was too high to save the structure. Stay tuned to KXMX for the latest news or log on to www.kxmx.com. By Sally Maxwell, Senior News Director
The filing period for local, state
and U.S. offices concluded at 5 p.m. Friday. All county positions have unopposed incumbents except for the County Assessor office. However,
several are seeking the state senate seat now held by Mark Allen of Spiro. The
district attorney’s post, which serves four counties, will also be contested.
The contest period, to challenge
any candidate and which rarely occurs, ends at 5 p.m. Tuesday.
Following are the filing
candidates:
-County Assessor: Donna Graham, 63, of Sallisaw, the incumbent,
Democrat. She has drawn an opponent, Randy Byrd, 54, of Sallisaw filed as a
Republican. This race will be decided in the Nov. 4 general election.
-County Treasurer: Tricia Yates, 57, of Sallisaw, the incumbent and a Democrat
(unopposed).
Sunday, April 13, 2014
At approximately 3:45pm area law enforcement officials including the Oklahoma Highway Patrol, Sequoyah County Sheriff's Department and the Vian Police Department were called to the scene of a semi truck that had caught fire in the East bound lane of Interstate 40 at the Vian exit. Reports indicate the semi was hauling Army explosives. The Vian Fire Department was called out immediately and did an outstanding job extinguishing the fire under dangerous circumstances. The loud explosions heard in the area are believed to be related to the vehicle's tires blowing out and not from weapons explosions. The vehicle is located on or near the bridge overpass of Highway 82 and Interstate 40 and is blocking the interstate at this time. Traffic is being diverted off the interstate onto the east bound off ramp at Vian and immediately directed back onto the east bound on ramp. The status of the driver is unknown at this time.
Friday, April 11, 2014
A non-custodial mother, who allegedly kidnapped her 3-year-old daughter, has been jailed, and faces a kidnapping charge. Authorities stated that due to the quick response of The MIX 105.1's listeners that they were able to apprehend the suspect so quickly. Jewel Ann Harrison, 27, is in the Sequoyah County Detention Center in Sallisaw where she was booked Thursday on the kidnapping charge. Roland Police Chief Tommy Sessums issued a BOLO, or be on the lookout for, Thursday afternoon for Harrison and the girl, after the child's father, who had sole custody, reported her missing. Sessums said the child is now safe and in the custody of her grandparents.
Julie Ferguson, center, holds her Bible on which she took the Oath of Office as the first female mayor of Sallisaw. She took the oath on Thursday evening at the city council chambers. With her are, from the left, her brother-in-law D.W. Ferguson; Sue Ellen Ferguson; Jo Ann Ferguson; Julie Ferguson's grandsons, Erick and Jason Minden; and her two daughters, Nita Minden and Dr. Teri Ferguson. The newly installed city officials take over their duties at noon on Monday, April 14. Stay tuned to KXMX for all the local news or visit kxmx.com.
By Sally Maxwell
Senior News Director
Ronnie Lowe, Sallisaw City Commissioner for Ward 1, and Julien Mendiola, Sallisaw City Commissioner Ward 3, take the Oath of Office at a special city meeting held Thursday. The two commissioners were unopposed in the recent city elections, and retained in their posts.
Sallisaw's new police chief, Terry Franklin, takes the Oath of Office at a special city meeting held Thursday evening. With him are his son, Chris, left, his wife, Colleen, and her mother, Janet Chance, right. Franklin won the post after defeating his opponent Sandy Girdner in a second election, held because the two candidates tied for votes in the regular city election.
Thursday, April 10, 2014
We have just received notification from authorities that the 3 year old girl that was involved in the possible child abduction earlier today has now been reported safe. Listeners may recall our earlier live broadcasts and reports of the issuance of a BOLO (Be On The Look Out) report for a 3 year old child that had possibly been abducted from the Roland area. The child was believed to have been in Sallisaw in the company of her non-custodial mother, Jewel Harrison. No other details are being released at this time.
Wednesday, April 9, 2014
The filing period for U.S., state and county political offices began Wednesday with several filing.
On the county level four offices will be up for election. They are Assessor, Treasurer, Commissioner District 1 and Commissioner District 3. As of 2 p.m. Wednesday the following had filed to seek election.
- County Assessor: Donna Graham, 63, of Sallisaw, the incumbent, as a Democrat. She has drawn an opponent, Ronald Jay Byrd, 54, of Sallisaw filed as a Republican.
- County Treasurer: No filings as of 2 p.m. Wednesday. The incumbent is Tricia Yates, a Democrat.
- County Commissioner District 1: Ray Watts, 45, of Muldrow, the incumbent, as a Democrat.
- County Commissioner District 3: Jim Rogers, 54, of Sallisaw, the incumbent, as a Democrat.
On the state level, three local candidates have filed for office. They are all incumbents. State Senator Mark Allen, 65, of Spiro who is a Republican, State Rep. John Bennett, 39, of Sallisaw, who is a Republican; and State Rep. Ed Cannaday, 73, of Porum, who is a Democrat. All three had to file with the state election board in Oklahoma City, and , as of 3 p.m. Wednesday, none had drawn an opponent.
Also filing with the state were Brian Kuester, 49, of Coweta, the District 27 District Attorney incumbent, who is a Republican, and District Judge Jeff Payton, 50, of Stilwell has filed to retain his post as judge for District 15.
Filing to run for associate district judge are Kyle Waters, 36, of Sallisaw and Matt Orendorff, 32, of Sallisaw. The incumbent is Associate District Judge Dennis Sprouse.
Other state and federal offices open are governor, lieutenant governor, state auditor and inspector, attorney general, state treasurer, superintendent of public instruction, commissioner of labor, insurance commissioner, two U.S. senate seats (one for the unexpired term of Tom Coburn of Muskogee who is resigning due to health reasons), and U.S. representative district2.
The filing period remains open until 5 p.m. Friday. The primary election will be June 24, the runoff election, if needed, will be Aug. 26, and the general election will be Nov. 4.
Tuesday, April 8, 2014
A fire in or around the stove area in the kitchen on the Extension Building on the Sallisaw Rodeo Grounds was most likely electrical the state fire marshal told Sallisaw city officials Tuesday. The fire was called in at 3:56 a.m. and Sallisaw firemen had the fire out in minutes, but stayed on the scene for two hours to make sure the fire did not rekindle. The old building will still most likely be condemned, Tony Yates, Sequoyah County Extension Educator, said. The building is owned by the city and leased by by members of the Home Community Education. They were working on quilts in the building, and lost some quilts and quilting supplies. Yates said, "They were pretty upset." The group will still hold their annual quilt show later this month at the Sequoyah County Fairgrounds in Sallisaw. Stay tuned to KXMX for news updates! For more stories visit our website at kxmx.com
Monday, April 7, 2014
A body was discovered today, April 7th, in a Gans, OK residence that burned in late March, according to the Sequoyah County Sheriff's office. Law enforcement agencies are currently waiting for a search warrant and a crime scene unit. Foul play has not been ruled out at this time. This is the second burned body that has been discovered in Sequoyah County in the last three days. The incidents do not appear to be related.
UPDATED 9:40 pm: According to additional information obtained from authorities the body was discovered by the next door neighbor to the burned residence. The house fire had occurred on March 25, 2014. Both the OSBI and the State Fire Marshal were contacted. When authorities entered the home they discovered a burned, decomposing body lying on the floor of a back bedroom, according to Sequoyah County Sheriff Ron Lockhart. The body was taken to the Medical Examiner's office in Tulsa for an autopsy to determine the cause of death. Sheriff Lockhart stated that authorities are investigating a report of a male subject that was seen fleeing the residence after a fight that had occurred one hour before the fire was reported. Gans police investigated the fight but have been unable to locate the subject that fled.
Stay tuned to THE MIX 105.1 and we will keep you informed as more details become available. For more stories visit our website at kxmx.com
A 19-year-old Marble City man remains in the Sequoyah County jail where he was booked late Saturday on a murder charge, two counts of arson and endangering emergency personnel. Sheriff Ron Lockhart said Arty Allen Farris was arrested late Saturday after his story about a fire at his home was suspicious. The body of an unidentified victim was found in the home, and a female found outside the burning house was transported to Hillcrest Medical Center in Tulsa where she is being treated for burns. It was reported that four people lived in the house. Lockhart said foul play is suspected, but details will not be released until investigators receive the medical examiner's report. The case is being investigated by the sheriff's office, Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation agents and the State Fire Marshal's Office. The Marble City Volunteer Fire Department was dispatched at about 6:10 a.m.Saturday to the fire, and reported they were told a person was still in the home, but the structure was engulfed by that time and they could not reach the victim. The body was found after the blaze was extinguished and sent to the medical examiner.
Saturday, April 5, 2014
The Marble City Police Department, Sequoyah County Sheriff's Department, OSBI, and the Oklahoma State Fire Marshal's Office have been investigating a house fire in the city limits of Marble City which occurred at 6 am this morning. The body of a male subject was found inside the residence. The body has been sent to the medical examiner's office for cause of death and positive identification. The crime scene evidence collected has lead investigators to suspect foul play. Authorities do have a person of interest and are currently conducting interviews, according to Sequoyah County Sheriff Ron Lockhart.
Updated 9:58 pm: An arrest has been made in the death of the victim found today in a burned house in Marble City. 19 year old Arty Farris, who resided in the home, has been arrested for murder and arson. According to Sheriff Ron Lockhart Farris is being held in the Sequoyah County Jail.
In addition, there was a 19 year old female in the house when it caught fire. She was able to jump from a window. She was life flighted to a burn center in Tulsa.
Friday, April 4, 2014
Starting Monday, April 7th, at 2:00pm, THE MIX 105.1 will have a new feature show that you won't want to miss. Join Darren and Kyle for County Talk at 2 each Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 2pm as they sit down with area officials, politicians, community leaders and others with information that impacts our daily lives. County Talk at 2 will be a quick conversation that keeps you informed on local issues. Guests the first week will be Monday-Outgoing Sallisaw Mayor Shannon Vann, Wednesday-Newly Elected Sallisaw Mayor Julie Ferguson and Friday-Sallisaw Public Schools Superintendent Scott Farmer. Future guests will include people from the entire Sequoyah County area. Don't miss it....County Talk at 2.
Thursday, April 3, 2014
County emergency services will be
using new technology to warn citizens of impending emergencies. Steve Rutherford,
Sequoyah County Emergency Management director, said, “The Nixle Community
Information Service allows us to create and publish messages to be delivered to
subscribed residents instantly via cell phone text message and email.”
Notifications can also be accessed on line at Nixle’s website. Messages may include severe
weather warnings and other emergencies as well as relevant safety and community
event information. The service is easy to sign up for. Go to www.nixle.com and register
for the service, which is secure, reliable and easy to use. Subscribers can decide which local agencies they wish to hear
from, and how alerts are received, by email, text message or over the web. When
citizens receive information via Nixle, they know it can be
trusted, Rutherford said.
Wednesday, April 2, 2014
$1.3 Million Dollars Less-That's the cutback in funding Sallisaw Public Schools must deal with and why 120 administrators, teachers, staff, students and parents from Sallisaw attended a rally at the state capitol in Oklahoma City on Monday. Representatives from several other county schools attended the rally as well.
Scott Farmer, Sallisaw Schools Superintendent, said the school system's budget is $1.3 million less this year than it was in 2009. That has resulted in cutbacks in staff and other areas. Farmer said no school employee has been fired because of the cutback in funding but the system has eliminated 15 positions through retirement. The decreased funding is hurting rural schools, such as Sallisaw, the most, he said.
Overall, state funding for education is about $200 million less than it was in 2009, but the state's schools have about 40,000 more students. Many at the rally flew banners and held signs that read "678,000 Reasons To Fund Education". 678,000 is the number of students in the state's public school system.
Farmer said it was estimated that between 25,000 and 30,000 attended the rally, sponsored by the Oklahoma Education Coalition. "It's time we took education seriously," Farmer said and he urged everyone to ask State Rep. John Bennett and State Senator Mark Allen to support education. Bennett can be emailed at [email protected]. Allen is at [email protected].
Farmer will be on our new show here at THE MIX 105.1 called County Talk at 2:00 on Friday, April 11 discussing how to keep Sallisaw Schools funded.
Tuesday, April 1, 2014
In a story that we brought you first, Alexander Turner, 26, of Fort Smith, Arkansas has been arrested today on charges of child abuse by the Sequoyah County Sheriff's Department. On Sunday night, March 30, the Sequoyah County Sheriff's Department were called to Mercy Hospital in Fort Smith regarding a possible case of child abuse. The incident occurred in Moffett at the home of the child's mother, Morgan Crow, on either Friday or Saturday night. The 7 month old girl was burned on the face and scalp from scalding water in the kitchen sink. Medical treatment was not sought for the child until Sunday night. After questioning of Crow she was arrested on charges of failure to protect. After locating and interviewing Turner he was arrested on charges of child abuse and is being held in the Sequoyah County Jail on $100,000 bond. Turner has a prior conviction out of Sebastian County for 2nd degree battery of his own children in 2013. | {
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Effect of sucrose on inflammatory markers in overweight humans.
Observational studies have found that dietary glycemic load is positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in healthy humans, which suggests that the type of carbohydrate ingested influences inflammatory activity. We investigated the effect of a diet with a high content of sucrose or artificial sweeteners on the inflammatory markers CRP, haptoglobin, and transferrin in overweight subjects. Overweight men and women consumed daily food and drink supplements containing either sucrose [n = 21; body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2): 28.0] or artificial sweeteners (n = 20; BMI: 27.6), predominantly from soft drinks (70%; average approximately 1.3 L/d) for 10 wk. During the intervention, sucrose intake increased by 151% in the sucrose group and decreased by 42% in the sweetener group, resulting in a 1.6-kg weight gain in the sucrose group and a 1.2-kg weight loss in the sweetener group over 10 wk (P < 0.001). Concentrations of haptoglobin, transferrin, and CRP increased by 13%, 5%, and 6%, respectively, in the sucrose group and decreased by 16%, 2%, and 26%, respectively, in the sweetener group (between-group differences: P = 0.006, P = 0.01, and P = 0.1, respectively). Adjustment for changes in body weight and energy intake did not substantially influence this outcome. The study shows that in the present group of overweight subjects a high consumption of sugar-sweetened foods and drinks increased haptoglobin and transferrin but had, at best, only a limited influence on CRP. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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Sportscoach Rear Diesel Class A Motorhomes
Simply put, the Sportscoach is exceptional elegance in design and value at a price that makes an RD possible! The Sportscoach Diesel Pusher is the most affordable rear diesel in the market today – bar none! With all the amenities you need in the comfort and use of a Class A motorhome, built on the Freightliner chassis, the Sportscoach provides you with all the advantages of a Rear Diesel Motorhome at the price that compares with some front engine gas Motorhomes.
Feel the prestige of a Rear Diesel Motorhome as you confidently ride high with air ride suspension, air brakes, huge pass through exterior storage, panoramic views and the ride and handling that only a Rear Diesel Motorhome can provide. Inside the Sportscoach, you will immediately find you don’t have to add a lot of options as the Sportscoach is equipped with the amenities and comforts of home. Corian kitchen countertop, full extension roller bearing drawer guides, raised panel hardwood cabinet doors and a long list of other customer friendly features Motorhome users appreciate.
The Sportscoach also features many practical innovations that appeal to experienced Class A Motorhome users. For instance, the true flat floor bedroom design, which eliminates the unnecessary climbing over the engine cover just to get in bed, convenient side opening compartment doors for easier access to your supplies and toys and the smart design of interior storage so that you can take what you want. | {
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Legislature’s turn to raise minimum wage
If you are awake at 4 a.m. these days, you will notice the sky is already getting a little light. As you go to sleep at 11 p.m. you can still make out some light in the night sky. We are at the beginning of our summer in the Northwest, and it is a great time to celebrate being alive in this gift of nature and weather.
Last weekend more than 10,000 bicyclists rode 200-plus miles from Seattle to Portland. Next month another 2,000 will bicycle from Seattle, through Snohomish, up the Centennial Trial, to Lake Stevens, and eventually to Bellingham and onto Vancouver. For us more ordinary people, we are out gardening, hiking in the mountains or walking in the neighborhood, bicycling to work, or just enjoying these days of sun, warmth, and low humidity.
I had a couple of days in Washington D.C. this week. No wonder people are grumpy there. Getting out of the airport you walk into a virtual hot mist of humidity. Makes you want to turn around and go right home. This actually makes sense, not just for the weather, but also for the politics. Gridlock is getting us nowhere in this country, so it is up to us in the states and cities to make progress as best as we can.
Here’s one approach to chew on as we run down the last half of this year and get ready for 2015. A lot of people watched the Seattle process for a $15 minimum wage. The result was good, but didn’t do a whole lot for minimum wage workers in Everett, Marysville, and pretty much anywhere outside of Seattle. But at the same time the $15 minimum wage was advancing in Seattle, state legislators were putting together a proposal to increase the minimum wage across the state. That is unfinished business, to be completed next year.
The proposal is pretty simple. Over three years, the minimum wage increases, first to $10, then to $11, and then to $12. It is an actual minimum wage, covering all workers in all industries. It enables workers to earn a minimum wage that is close to what that wage brought in 1968 in terms of real purchasing power (right now our minimum wage is only about 85 percent of its 1968 value). This $12 minimum wage would still be well below what it would have been if it had kept up with productivity increases since 1968. (If it had kept up, it would be at about $18 an hour.) But it is a lot better — two and a half dollars better — than our current standard.
Increasing the minimum wage is good for our economy. There are 300,000 minimum wage workers in Washington. Add $1 an hour to their wages, and they receive and spend over $600 million of new money in purchases for goods and services. That means Main Street businesses in all our communities benefit from more customers at the same time that they gain more productive and loyal workers. That new spending also adds to tax receipts, to pay for things like education.
Several Snohomish County state representatives joined the primary sponsor, Jessyn Farrell, D-Seattle, in this effort for a better minimum wage. They include Mike Sells, D-Everett, Cindy Ryu, D-Shoreline and Lynnwood, Derek Stanford, D-Mountlake Terrace, June Robinson, D-Everett, Mary Helen Roberts, D-Edmonds, Luis Moscoso, D-Bothell, and Hans Dunshee, D-Snohomish.
No Republican legislators, not one, sponsored this minimum wage increase. All Republican state representatives in the Labor and Commerce Committee opposed this increase. The last time the Legislature refused to increase the minimum wage was in 1998. The people countermanded them by passing Initiative 688 by a two-to-one margin, increasing the minimum wage while tying it to inflation.
Let’s hope next year legislators see the wisdom of increasing the minimum wage. It is simply a needed update to move closer to a wage that reflects the real value of work.
Via the Everett Herald | {
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The new Audible Original Stan Lee’s Alliances: A Trick of Light will be coming to life at San Diego Comic-Con on Thursday, July 18 – Sunday, July 21 with an immersive audio-driven journey that introduces fans to the first installment of a new connected universe with all new superheroes. You can stop by daily at 327 4th Ave (K St & 4th Ave in the Gaslamp).
Comic-Con attendees will have the opportunity to become co-pilots of this new universe through a series of reality-bending light and sound-driven experiences — including a matrix-like “light labyrinth” — representing key moments from Stan Lee’s Alliances: A Trick of Light, including an introduction written and narrated by Lee.
Fans will also meet Cameron Ackerson and trace his origin journey from ordinary teen to cyberkinetic superhero. Stan Lee’s Alliances: A Trick of Light will be open to the public in the Gaslamp Quarter from Thursday, July 18 through Sunday, July 21.
Narrated by Yara Shahidi (The Sun Is Also a Star, Grown-ish, Black-ish), Stan Lee’s Alliances: A Trick of Light is one of the cultural icon’s final collaborations that explores the complex relationship between humankind, science and technology.
Here are the hours of operation:
Thursday, July 18: 11AM-8PM
Friday, July 19 11AM-8PM
Saturday, July 20 12PM-8PM
Sunday, July 21 11AM-4PM | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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context("test-sample_n")
setup({
a = data.frame(a = 1:100, b = 1:100)
as.disk.frame(a, file.path(tempdir(), "tmp_sample_n.df"), nchunks = 5, overwrite = T)
})
test_that("testing semi_join where right is data.frame", {
a = disk.frame(file.path(tempdir(), "tmp_sample_n.df"))
expect_error(a40 <- sample_n(a, 40) %>% collect)
})
teardown({
fs::dir_delete(file.path(tempdir(), "tmp_sample_n.df"))
}) | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Hypothalamic sites sensitive to morphine and naloxone: effects on feeding behavior.
Three experiments investigated the feeding response of brain cannulated rats to hypothalamic injection of norepinephrine (NE), the opiate agonist morphine sulfate (MO) and the opiate antagonist naloxone (NAL). Morphine elicited feeding in a dose-dependent manner when injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of satiated rats, at doses of 0.78 to 100 nmoles, with a threshold dose of 1.56 nmoles. Naloxone, at doses of 3.13 to 200 nmoles, was injected into the PVN of food-deprived rats and was found to produce a dose-dependent suppression of feeding (threshold dose of 6.25 nmoles). Animals with brain cannulas aimed at the PVN, the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH), the dorsomedial (DMN) and ventromedial (VNM) nuclei were compared for their sensitivity to the feeding stimulatory effects of NE and MO (except in the DMN) and the feeding suppressive effects of NAL. Consistent with earlier reports, the PVN-cannulated animals exhibited a reliable increase in feeding after NE injection; the VMN cannula yielded a small feeding response, whereas the DMN and PFH were insensitive to NE. Morphine, in contrast, strongly stimulated eating after administration into PFH, as well as the PVN, apparently dissociating the NE and MO eating responses. The VMN, however, was generally unresponsive to both MO and NE. With regard to NAL's suppressive effect on feeding, the PVN and PFH, which were sensitive to MO, also exhibited responsiveness to opiate antagonism suggesting the existence in these areas of opiate receptors that modulate feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Enhanced post-ischaemic recovery in rabbit kidney after pretreatment with an indeno-indole compound and ascorbate monitored in vivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
To investigate whether combined pretreatment with lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants gave better restoration of energy phosphates after ischaemia-reperfusion of rabbit kidneys than single pretreatment with a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Thirteen New Zealand white rabbits were used for the study. Changes in energy phosphates were measured in vivo using volume-selective 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The indeno-indole compound H290/51 was chosen as a lipid-soluble antioxidant and ascorbate as a water-soluble antioxidant. The combined pretreatment led to significantly better restoration of the beta-adenosine triphosphate:inorganic phosphate ratio after 60 min of ischaemia and 120 min of reperfusion compared with the single pretreatment. Analyses of blood pressure and blood gas changes showed that the beneficial effect of combined pretreatment was not caused by a better general condition of the animals in that group but by a direct effect on the kidneys. Combined pretreatment with lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants leads to better restoration of energy phosphates in rabbit kidneys subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion compared with single pretreatment with a lipid-soluble antioxidant. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Seanna
Seanna comes to the Kenora SC from the Balmertown FSC. She has had the unique opportunity to have skated with four time Canadian pairs champion and World champion, Eric Radford, five times within her skating career. Seanna is excited to skate with a new club adding more on-ice hours and the opportunity to be coached by excellent level #2 and# 3 professionals. The skaters and their families have made her feel very welcome! | {
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Q:
File executable only for users in a certain group in bash shell
I just want to know how to make a file executable only for certain group.
I have a file /bin/ping with this permissions
rwxr-xr-x root root 34248 oct 14 2010 /bin/ping
How do I make it only executable for users of a group called "friends", for example?
A:
If the group "friends" already exist, you can change group by
chown root:friends /bin/ping
and then make it exucutable for that group by
chmod g+x /bin/ping
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Glycerin fatty acid esters as a new lubricant of tablets.
Lubrication properties were compared among glycerin fatty acid esters (Poem TR-FB and Poem TR-HB), magnesium stearate (Mg-St), and a sucrose fatty acid ester (RYOTO SUGAR ESTER S-370F: SSE). Granules containing 50% acetaminophen were prepared, and improvements in their fluidity by the lubricants were compared. The lubricant effects of TR-FB and HB during tablet punching (pressure transmission ratio, ejection force) were similar to those of Mg-St and were better than those of SSE. When the lubricant content, mixing time, and tabletting pressure were changed, TR-FB and TR-HB provided better tablet hardness than Mg-St. TR-FB and TR-HB made tablets more disintegratable than Mg-St. When the effects of these lubricants on the stability of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were compared, Mg-St promoted its hydrolysis, but TR-FB or TR-HB did not affect its stability. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Subsets and Splits