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nikchar

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retrieval_verification_roberta

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[ "Ovary", "Ovarian_artery", "Agnorhiza_ovata", "Xylophanes_isaon", "Mariana_-LRB-poem-RRB-" ]

[ "The ovary -LRB- From ovarium , literally `` egg '' or `` nut '' -RRB- is an ovum-producing reproductive organ , found in pairs in the female as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system . Birds have only one functional ovary -LRB- the left -RRB- , while the other remains vestigial . Ovaries in females are analogous to testes in males , in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands . Although ovaries occur in a wide variety of animals , both vertebrate and invertebrate , this article is primarily about human ovaries . ", "The ovarian artery is an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary in females . It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery . It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary , anterior to the ovarian vein and ureter . ", "Agnorhiza ovata -LRB- syn . Wyethia ovata -RRB- is a species of flowering plant known by the common name southern mule 's ears . It is native to the mountains and foothills of southern California and Baja California , occurring the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills in Tulare , Kern , Ventura , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , and San Diego counties in California , with additional populations in the Peninsular Ranges south of the international border . Agnorhiza ovata grows in many types of habitat , including forests , woodlands , and grassland . It is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit . The hairy , glandular , sticky-textured stem grows a few centimeters tall to nearly half a meter in maximum height . The leaves have oval blades up to 20 centimeters long which are generally hairy or silky and glandular . The inflorescence is made up of one or more flower heads which may be tucked amongst the uppermost leaves . The head has lance-shaped leaflike phyllaries which may be up to 5 centimeters long . There are 5 to 8 yellow ray florets which measure about 1.5 centimeters in length , and many yellow disc florets in the center . The fruit is an achene about a centimeter long tipped with a short pappus . ", "Xylophanes isaon is a moth of the family Sphingidae . It is found from south-eastern Brazil and Paraguay to Argentina . The thorax has a grey medial line which widens posteriorly and is continued onto the abdomen as two widely separated but not very distinct bands . Each of these is bordered dorsally by a series of dots -LRB- that are sometimes interconnected -RRB- and a distinct brown medial line . The tegula is olive green with a golden-yellow medial line . The forewing upperside ground colour is buff with olive green bands and lines . The first to third postmedian lines start distinct but disappear later . The first line is heavier than lines two and three , but the fourth is the strongest . This line runs almost straight from the inner margin to the apex . The fifth postmedian line is diffuse and runs parallel to the fourth . The hindwing upperside is basally black . The median band is broad , pinkish-orange and the basal and distal edges are even . Adults are probably on wing year-round . The larvae possibly feed on Psychotria panamensis , Psychotria nervosa and Pavonia guanacastensis . ", "`` Mariana '' is a poem by Alfred , Lord Tennyson , published in 1830 . The poem follows a common theme in much of Tennyson 's work -- that of despondent isolation . The subject of Mariana is a woman who continuously laments her lack of connection with society . The isolation defines her existence , and her longing for a connection leaves her wishing for death at the end of every stanza . The premise of Mariana originates in William Shakespeare 's Measure for Measure , but the poem ends before Mariana 's lover returns . Tennyson 's version was adapted by others , including John Everett Millais and Elizabeth Gaskell , for use in their own works . The poem was well received by critics , and it is described by critics as an example of Tennyson 's skill at poetry . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Henry_III_of_England", "Henry_III_of_France", "Henry_V_of_England", "Henry_IV_of_France", "John,_King_of_England" ]

[ "Henry III -LRB- 1 October 1207 -- 16 November 1272 -RRB- , also known as Henry of Winchester , was King of England , Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death . The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême , Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons ' War . Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry 's forces , led by William Marshal , defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217 . Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225 , which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons . His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches , who re-established royal authority after the war . In 1230 the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father , but the invasion was a debacle . A revolt led by William Marshal 's son , Richard , broke out in 1232 , ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church . Following the revolt , Henry ruled England personally , rather than governing through senior ministers . He travelled less than previous monarchs , investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles . He married Eleanor of Provence , with whom he had five children . Henry was known for his piety , holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities ; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor , whom he adopted as his patron saint . He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England , ultimately crippling their ability to do business , and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened , he introduced the Statute of Jewry , attempting to segregate the community . In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family 's lands in France , he invaded Poitou in 1242 , leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg . After this , Henry relied on diplomacy , cultivating an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II . Henry supported his brother Richard in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256 , but was unable to place his own son Edmund on the throne of Sicily , despite investing large amounts of money . He planned to go on crusade to the Levant , but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony . By 1258 , Henry 's rule was increasingly unpopular , the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers , the Lusignans , as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts . A coalition of his barons , initially probably backed by Eleanor , seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England , reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford . Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259 , under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX of France recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony . The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued . In 1263 one of the more radical barons , Simon de Montfort , seized power , resulting in the Second Barons ' War . Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army . The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264 , where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner . Henry 's eldest son , Edward , escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father . Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels , but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth . Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures , including further suppression of the Jews , to maintain baronial and popular support . Henry died in 1272 , leaving Edward as his successor . He was buried in Westminster Abbey , which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign , and was moved to his current tomb in 1290 . Some miracles were declared after his death but he was not canonised . ", "Henry III -LRB- 19 September 1551 -- 2 August 1589 ; born Alexandre Édouard de France , Henryk Walezy , Henrikas Valua -RRB- was a monarch of the House of Valois who was elected the monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and ruled as King of France from 1574 until his death . He was the last French monarch of the Valois dynasty . As the fourth son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de ' Medici , Henry was not expected to assume the throne of France . He was thus a good candidate for the vacant Commonwealth throne , and he was elected with the dual titles King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania . Henry 's rule over the Commonwealth was brief , but notable . The Henrician Articles he signed into law accepting the Commonwealth throne established Poland as an elective monarchy subject to free election by the Polish nobility . Of his three older brothers , two would live long enough to ascend the French throne , but both died young and without a legitimate male heir . He abandoned Commonwealth upon receiving word that he had inherited the throne of France at the age of 22 . The kingdom of France was at the time plagued by the Wars of Religion , and Henry 's authority was undermined by violent political parties funded by foreign powers : the Catholic League -LRB- supported by Spain -RRB- , the Protestant Huguenots -LRB- supported by England and the Dutch -RRB- and the Malcontents , led by Henry 's own brother , the Duke of Alençon , which was a party of Catholic and Protestant aristocrats who jointly opposed the absolutist ambitions of the king . Henry III was himself a politique , arguing that a strong and religiously tolerant monarchy would save France from collapse . After the death of Henry 's younger brother Francis , Duke of Anjou , and when it became apparent that Henry would not produce an heir , the Wars of Religion grew into a succession crisis that resulted in a war known as the War of the Three Henrys . Henry III 's legitimate heir was his distant cousin Henry , King of Navarre , a Protestant . The Catholic League , led by Henry I , Duke of Guise , sought to exclude Protestants from the succession and championed the Catholic Charles , Cardinal of Bourbon , as Henry III 's heir . In 1589 , Jacques Clément , a Catholic fanatic , murdered Henry III , who was succeeded by the King of Navarre who , as Henry IV , would assume the throne of France after converting to Catholicism , and become the first French king of the House of Bourbon . ", "Henry V -LRB- 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 -RRB- was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War -LRB- 1337 -- 1453 -RRB- between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt -LRB- 1415 -RRB- and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes -LRB- 1420 -RRB- recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois -LRB- 1401 -- 37 -RRB- . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI -LRB- 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 -RRB- . ", "Henry IV -LRB- Henri IV , read as Henri-Quatre -LSB- ɑ̃ʁi.katʁ -RSB- ; 13 December 1553 -- 14 May 1610 -RRB- , also known by the epithet `` Good King Henry '' , was King of Navarre -LRB- as Henry III -RRB- from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610 . He was the first French monarch of the House of Bourbon , a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Baptised as a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , he inherited the throne of Navarre in 1572 on the death of his mother . As a Huguenot , Henry was involved in the French Wars of Religion , barely escaping assassination in the St. Bartholomew 's Day massacre , and later led Protestant forces against the royal army . Henry , as Head of the House of Bourbon , was a direct male-line descendant of Louis IX of France , and `` first prince of the blood '' . Upon the death of his brother-in-law and distant cousin Henry III of France in 1589 , Henry was called to the French succession by the Salic law . He initially kept the Protestant faith and had to fight against the Catholic League , which denied that he could wear France 's crown as a Protestant . To obtain mastery over his kingdom , after four years of stalemate , he found it prudent to abjure the Calvinist faith . As a pragmatic politician -LRB- in the parlance of the time , a politique -RRB- , he displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the era . Notably , he promulgated the Edict of Nantes -LRB- 1598 -RRB- , which guaranteed religious liberties to Protestants , thereby effectively ending the Wars of Religion . He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac , a fanatical Catholic , and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII . Considered a usurper by some Catholics and a traitor by some Protestants , Henry became target of at least 12 assassination attempts . An unpopular king immediately after his accession , Henry 's popularity greatly improved after his death , in light of repeated victories over his enemies and his conversion to Catholicism . The `` Good King Henry '' -LRB- le bon roi Henri -RRB- was remembered for his geniality and his great concern about the welfare of his subjects . He was celebrated in the popular song Vive le roi Henri and in Voltaire 's Henriade . ", "John -LRB- 24 December 1166 -- 19 October 1216 -RRB- , also known as John Lackland -LRB- Norman French : Johan sanz Terre -RRB- , was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death in 1216 . John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France , resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century . The baronial revolt at the end of John 's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta , a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom . John , the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine , was at first not expected to inherit significant lands . Following the failed rebellion of his elder brothers between 1173 and 1174 , however , John became Henry 's favourite child . He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent . John 's elder brothers William , Henry and Geoffrey died young ; by the time Richard I became king in 1189 , John was a potential heir to the throne . John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard 's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade . Despite this , after Richard died in 1199 , John was proclaimed King of England , and came to an agreement with Philip II of France to recognise John 's possession of the continental Angevin lands at the peace treaty of Le Goulet in 1200 . When war with France broke out again in 1202 , John achieved early victories , but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman , Breton and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204 . John spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands , raising huge revenues , reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances . John 's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system , as well as providing an additional source of revenue . An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John 's excommunication in 1209 , a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213 . John 's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John 's allies at the battle of Bouvines . When he returned to England , John faced a rebellion by many of his barons , who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England 's most powerful nobles . Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215 , neither side complied with its conditions . Civil war broke out shortly afterwards , with the barons aided by Louis of France . It soon descended into a stalemate . John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216 ; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year . Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John 's performance as king , and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards . Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John 's positive qualities , observing that John is today usually considered a `` hard-working administrator , an able man , an able general '' . Nonetheless , modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king , including what historian Ralph Turner describes as `` distasteful , even dangerous personality traits '' , such as pettiness , spitefulness and cruelty . These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era , and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture , primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Pocahontas", "John_Rolfe", "Pocahontas,_Missouri", "Savages_-LRB-Pocahontas_song-RRB-", "Powhatan_-LRB-Native_American_leader-RRB-" ]

[ "Pocahontas -LRB- born Matoaka , known as Amonute , 1596 -- 1617 -RRB- was a Native American woman notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown , Virginia . Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan , the paramount chief of a network of tributary tribal nations in the Tsenacommacah , encompassing the Tidewater region of Virginia . In a well-known historical anecdote , she is said to have saved the life of a captive of the Native Americans , the Englishman John Smith , in 1607 by placing her head upon his own when her father raised his war club to execute him . Some historians have suggested that this story , as told by Smith , is untrue . Pocahontas was captured by the English during Anglo-Indian hostilities in 1613 , and held for ransom . During her captivity , she converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca . When the opportunity arose for her to return to her people , she chose to remain with the English . In April 1614 , she married tobacco planter John Rolfe , and in January 1615 , bore their son , Thomas Rolfe . In 1616 , the Rolfes traveled to London . Pocahontas was presented to English society as an example of the `` civilized savage '' in hopes of stimulating investment in the Jamestown settlement . She became something of a celebrity , was elegantly fêted , and attended a masque at Whitehall Palace . In 1617 , the Rolfes set sail for Virginia , but Pocahontas died at Gravesend of unknown causes . She was buried in a church in Gravesend in the United Kingdom , but the exact location of her grave is unknown . Numerous places , landmarks , and products in the United States have been named after Pocahontas . Her story has been romanticized over the years , and she is a subject of art , literature , and film . Many famous people have claimed to be among her descendants through her son Thomas , including members of the First Families of Virginia , First Lady Edith Wilson , American Western actor Glenn Strange , and astronomer Percival Lowell . ", "John Rolfe -LRB- 1585 -- 1622 -RRB- was one of the early English settlers of North America . He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia and is known as the husband of Pocahontas , daughter of the chief of the Powhatan . ", "Pocahontas is a village in Cape Girardeau County , Missouri , United States . The population was 114 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Cape Girardeau -- Jackson , MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area . ", "`` Savages '' is a song from the 1995 Disney animated film Pocahontas . It addresses themes of othering , xenophobia , and genocide . The song has been negatively received by critics , with some deeming it to be racist , arguing that it encourages the listener to dehumanise Native Americans . ", "Powhatan -LRB- June 17 , 1545 -- April 1618 -RRB- , whose proper name was Wahunsenacawh -LRB- alternately spelled Wahunsenacah , Wahunsunacock or Wahunsonacock -RRB- , was the paramount chief of Tsenacommacah , an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Virginia Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia at the time English settlers landed at Jamestown in 1607 . Powhatan , alternately called `` King '' or `` Chief '' Powahatan by the English , led the main political and military power facing the early colonists , was probably the older brother of Opechancanough , who led attacks against the English in 1622 and 1644 . He was the father of Pocahontas , who eventually converted to Christianity and married the English settler John Rolfe . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Balibo_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Balibo_Five", "A_Crime_in_a_School", "Madagascar_-LRB-1994_film-RRB-", "Wildeye" ]

[ "Balibo is a 2009 Australian war film that follows the story of the Balibo Five , a group of journalists who were captured and killed while reporting on activities just prior to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor of 1975 . While historically accurate , the film is loosely based on the book Cover-Up by Jill Jolliffe , an Australian journalist who met the men before they were killed . The film follows dishevelled journalist Roger East , played by Anthony LaPaglia , who travels to East Timor in 1975 to investigate the deaths of the Balibo Five during the buildup to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor . Oscar Isaac plays the young José Ramos-Horta , who would later receive the Nobel Peace Prize and become the second President of East Timor , who joins East in the movie . Filming began on 30 June 2008 , in Dili , East Timor , and the film was released the following year . It was produced by Arenafilm in Australia with Robert Connolly as director , David Williamson as screenwriter , and Professor Clinton Fernandes as historical consultant . LaPaglia , also an Executive Producer , named East as `` probably the best role I 've ever had '' . ", "The Balibo Five was a group of journalists for Australian television networks who were killed in the period leading up to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor . The Balibo Five were based in the town of Balibo in East Timor -LRB- then Portuguese Timor -RRB- , where they were killed on 16 October 1975 during Indonesian incursions before the invasion . Roger East travelled to Balibo soon after to investigate the likely deaths of the Five and was later executed by members of the Indonesian military on the docks of Dili . In 2007 , an Australian coroner ruled that they had been deliberately killed by Indonesian special force soldiers . The official Indonesian version is that the men were killed by cross-fire during the battle for the town . According to The Economist , the Australian Government has never challenged this view in order to avoid damaging relations with Indonesia . After the ruling , newly elected Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd declared `` those responsible should be held to account ... You ca n't just sweep this to one side . '' However , no meaningful action was taken when he was elected and Rudd refused to visit the gravesite of the slain journalists in 2008 . ", "A Crime in a School -LRB- Zločin u školi -RRB- is a 1982 Croatian film directed by Branko Ivanda , starring Zlatko Vitez . It is based on Stroj za maglu , a novel by Pavao Pavličić . ", "Madagascar -LRB- 1994 -RRB- is a Cuban film that marked Fernando Pérez 's change of direction into a more lyrical approach to filmmaking , somehow stripped from the realistic documentary feel of his early work . The film chronicles the relationship and lack of communication between a mother and daughter during the Cuban economic crisis known as the Special Period . ", "Wildeye -LRB- Kätilö -RRB- is a Finnish romantic war drama film directed by Antti Jokinen . It is an adaptation of Finnish author Katja Kettu 's bestselling 2011 novel Kätilö set before and during Lapland War . The film stars Krista Kosonen and Lauri Tilkanen with Pirkka-Pekka Petelius , Leea Klemola , Seppo Pääkkönen , Elina Knihtilä , Tommi Korpela , and Johannes Brotherus in supporting roles . The film tells the story about a love affair between a Lapp midwife and a Nazi SS officer set against the backdrop of the Lapland War , which opposed Finnish and German armies in 1944 -- 45 . The film won the Best Film and the Best Actress awards at the 2015 Waterloo International Historical Film Festival and the Best Actress award at the 2015 Shanghai International Film Festival . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Pakistan_Movement", "Pakistan", "Economy_of_Pakistan", "List_of_members_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan_-LRB-1962–65-RRB-", "Pakistan_Social_Democratic_Party" ]

[ "The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -- -RRB- was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British Indian Empire . The movement progressed within India alongside the Indian independence movement , but the Pakistan Movement sought to establish a new nation-state that protected the religious identity and political interests of Muslims in South Asia . The first organised political movements were in Aligarh where another literary movement was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that built the genesis of the Pakistan movement . An educational convention held in 1906 with joint efforts of Syed Ahmad Khan and Vikar-ul-Haq , the Muslim reformers took the movement to the political stage in the form of establishing the mainstream and then newly formed All-India Muslim League -LRB- AIML -RRB- , with prominent moderate leaders seeking to protect the basic rights of Muslims in the British Raj . During the initial stages of the movement , it adopted the vision of philosopher Iqbal after addressing at the convention of the AIML 's annual session . Muhammad Ali Jinnah 's constitutional struggle further helped gaining public support for the movement in the four provinces . Urdu poets such as Iqbal and Faiz used literature , poetry and speech as a powerful tool for political awareness . Feminists such as Sheila Pant and Fatima Jinnah championed the emancipation of Pakistan 's women and their participation in national politics . The Pakistan Movement was led by a large and diversified group of people whose struggle ultimately resulted in the British Empire announcing the Indian Independence Act 1947 , which created the independent dominions of India and Pakistan . The Pakistan Movement was the result of a series of social , political , and intellectual transformations in Pakistani society , government , and ways of thinking . Efforts and struggles of the Founding Fathers resulted in the creation of the democratic and independent government . In the following years , another nationally -- minded subset went on to established a strong government , followed by the military intervention in 1958 . Grievousness and unbalanced economic distribution caused an upheaval which led East Pakistan to declare independence as the People 's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971 . After a strong concessions and consents reached in 1973 , the new Constitution established a relatively strong government , institutions , national courts , a legislature that represented both states in the Senate and population in the National Assembly . Pakistan 's phase shift to republicanism , and the gradually increasing democracy , caused an upheaval of traditional social hierarchy and gave birth to the ethic that has formed a core of political values in Pakistan . ", "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- , and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product . Pakistan has a population of over 190 million -LRB- the world 's 6th-largest -RRB- , giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $ 1,428 , which ranks 147th in the world for 2016 . However , Pakistan 's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36 % of its overall economy , which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income . Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven , the eleven countries and have a potential to be among the world 's large economies in the 21st century . However , after decades of war and social instability , as of 2013 , serious deficiencies in basic services such as railway transportation and electric power generation had developed . The economy is semi-industrialized , with centres of growth along the Indus River . Primary export commodities include textiles , leather goods , sports goods , chemicals and carpets/rugs . Growth poles of Pakistan 's economy are situated along the Indus River ; the diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab , coexisting with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country . The economy has suffered in the past from internal political disputes , a fast-growing population , mixed levels of foreign investment . Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances , but a growing current account deficit -- driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion -- could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term . Pakistan is currently undergoing a process of economic liberalization , including privatization of all government corporations , aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit . In 2014 , foreign currency reserves crossed $ 18.4 billion which has led to stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor 's . In 2016 , BMI Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a particular focus on of its manufacturing hub . In October 2016 , the IMF chief Christine Lagarde confirmed her economic assessment in Islamabad that Pakistan 's economy was ` out of crisis ' The World Bank predicts that by 2018 , Pakistan 's economic growth will increase to a `` robust '' 5.4 % due to greater inflow of foreign investment , namely from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor . According to the World Bank , poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3 % in 2002 to 29.5 % in 2014 . Pakistan 's fiscal position continues to improve as the budget deficit has fallen from 6.4 % in 2013 to 4.3 % in 2016 . The country 's improving Macroeconomic position has led to Moody 's upgrading Pakistan 's debt outlook to `` stable '' . ", "The 3rd Parliament of Pakistan was the unicameral legislature of Pakistan formed after the 4 years of Martial Law . There were 156 seats of members of Parliament , including 78 from East Bengal and 78 from West Pakistan . ", "The Pakistan Social Democratic Party is a political party in Pakistan . In 2002 , with a wristwatch as the party 's symbol on the ballot , it fielded one candidate in the National Assembly elections and the regional assembly elections , but won no seats . In 2004 the Electoral Commission asked the party , and ten other parties , to have its submitted statement of account audited by a chartered accountant and re-submitted . -LRB- 34 parties had submitted no statements of account at all , and faced disqualification . -RRB- Pakistan Social Democratic Party is run by Mr. Mujib Ur Rehman Kiani Advocate , Islamabad as Chairman of the Party and he is reorganising the party and the Election commission of Pakistan has been informed by the Secretary of Party vide its letter dated 11 the April 2012 and Mr. Irfan Kausar , Deputy Director , confirmed about the newly elected Chairman of the Party and party will participate in next election . The comprehensive manifesto of the party was printed and circulated during its years in active politics . Its founder is author of a publication named ` Responsible Politics ' , widely sold during the time of its publication . It laid down the predictions and expectations of on coming politics in Pakistan . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gaius_Julius_Caesar_-LRB-proconsul-RRB-", "Tiberius_Junius_Brutus", "Marcus_Junius_Brutus_the_Younger", "Benjamin_Caesar", "Lucius_Appuleius" ]

[ "Gaius Julius Caesar -LRB- ca. 130 BC -- 85 BC -RRB- was a Roman senator , a supporter of his brother-in-law , Gaius Marius , and the father of Gaius Julius Caesar , the dictator . Caesar was married to Aurelia Cotta , a member of the Aurelii and Rutilii families . They had two daughters , known as Julia Major and Julia Minor , and a son , Gaius , who was born in 100 BC . He was the brother of Sextus Julius Caesar -LRB- consul in 91 BC -RRB- and the son of Gaius Julius Caesar . Caesar 's progress through the cursus honorum is well known , although the specific dates associated with his offices are controversial . According to two elogia erected in Rome long after his death , Caesar was a commissioner in the colony at Cercina , military tribune , quaestor , praetor , and proconsul of Asia . The dates of these offices are unclear . The colony is probably one of Marius ' of 103 BC . Broughton dated the praetorship to 92 BC , with the quaestorship falling towards the beginning of the 90s BC . Brennan has dated the praetorship to the beginning of the decade . Caesar died suddenly in 85 BC , in Rome , while putting on his shoes one morning . Another Caesar , possibly his father , had died similarly in Pisa . His father had seen to his education by one of the best orators of Rome , Marcus Antonius Gnipho . In his will , he left Caesar the bulk of his estate , but after Marius 's faction had been defeated in the civil war of the 80s BC , this inheritance was confiscated by the dictator Sulla . ", "Tiberius Junius Brutus -LRB- died c. 509 BCE -RRB- was the younger son of Lucius Junius Brutus , who was one of Rome 's first two consuls in 509 BCE . His mother was Vitellia . At the invitation of his uncles , called Vitellii , he and his elder brother Titus Junius Brutus joined the Tarquinian conspiracy . When the conspiracy was discovered , he and the other conspirators were executed by order of the consuls . Punishment was carried out by the lictors , and included being stripped naked , beaten with rods and then beheaded . Lucius Junius Brutus was admired for his strong stance in ordering the execution of his sons , although at times during the execution he showed his emotions . ", "Marcus Junius Brutus -LRB- -LSB- ˈbruːtəs -RSB- 85 BC -- 23 October 42 BC -RRB- , often referred to as Brutus , was a politician of the late Roman Republic . After being adopted by his uncle he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus , but eventually returned to using his original name . He took a leading role in the assassination of Julius Caesar . Brutus was close to General Julius Caesar , the leader of the Populares faction . However , Caesar 's attempts to assume greater power for himself put him at greater odds with the Roman elite and members of the Senate . Brutus eventually came to oppose Caesar and fought with the Optimate faction , led by Pompey the Great , against Caesar 's forces in Caesar 's Civil War . Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 B.C. , after which Brutus surrendered to Caesar , who granted him amnesty . However , the underlying political tensions which led to the war had not been resolved . Due to Caesar 's increasingly monarchical behavior , several senators , calling themselves `` Liberators '' , plotted to assassinate him . They recruited Brutus , who took a leading role in the assassination , which was carried out successfully on March 15 , 44 B.C. . The Senate , at the request of the Consul Mark Antony , granted amnesty to the assassins . However , a populist uprising forced Brutus and his brother-in-law , fellow assassin Gaius Cassius Longinus , to leave the City of Rome . In 43 B.C. , Caesar 's grandnephew , Consul Gaius Octavian Caesar , immediately after taking office , passed a resolution declaring the conspirators , including Brutus , murderers . This led to the Liberators ' civil war , pitting the erstwhile supporters of Caesar , under the Second Triumvirate , wishing both to gain power for themselves and avenge his death , against those who opposed him . Octavian combined his troops with those of Antony , and together they decisively defeated the outnumbered armies of Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi in October 42 B.C. . After the battle , Brutus committed suicide . ", "Benjamin Julius Caesar -LRB- born 12 March 1797 at Peper Harrow , Surrey ; died 1867 at Guildford , Surrey -RRB- was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1824 to 1830 . He was mainly associated with Godalming Cricket Club and Surrey and made 11 known appearances in first-class matches . He was the father of Julius Caesar . ", "For others with this name , see Appuleia -LRB- gens -RRB- Lucius Appuleius -LRB- fl . 4th century BCE -RRB- was a man of ancient Rome who served as Tribune of the Plebs in 391 BCE . He impeached Marcus Furius Camillus for having secreted part of the spoils of war against the rival Etrurian city of Veii in 406 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Betsy_Hodges", "Minneapolis_mayoral_election,_2013", "Judith_Flanagan_Kennedy", "Minneapolis_City_Council", "Patsy_Kinsey" ]

[ "Elizabeth A. `` Betsy '' Hodges -LRB- born September 7 , 1969 -RRB- is the mayor of Minneapolis . A member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party , she represented Ward 13 on the Minneapolis City Council from January 2006 until January 2014 . Hodges was reelected to the city council in the 2009 Minneapolis municipal elections . Hodges won the 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election and was inaugurated on January 2 , 2014 . ", "The 2013 Minneapolis mayoral election was held on November 5 , 2013 to elect the Mayor of Minneapolis for a four-year term . This was the second mayoral election in the city 's history to use instant-runoff voting , popularly known as ranked choice voting , first implemented in the city 's 2009 elections . Municipal elections in Minnesota are nonpartisan , although candidates are able to identify with a political party on the ballot . After incumbent Mayor R. T. Rybak announced in late 2012 that he would not seek a fourth term , 35 candidates began campaigns to replace him . Many of these candidates sought the endorsement of the Minneapolis unit of the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party -LRB- DFL -RRB- , though the convention ultimately ended with no endorsement . Although she did not win enough votes to be victorious on the first ballot , DFLer Betsy Hodges held a `` commanding '' lead and was `` poised '' to be elected following completion of vote tabulations . Second-place finisher Mark Andrew effectively conceded on election night , saying that it was unlikely that he would overcome Hodges ' lead . Hodges was elected in the 33rd round after two days of vote tabulations . ", "Judith Flanagan Kennedy is the 56th and current mayor of Lynn , Massachusetts . She had previously served as a member of the Lynn School Committee from 1991 to 1997 and had been a councilor-at-large from 1997 to 2009 . She launched a write-in campaign for mayor after the death of candidate Patrick J. McManus . She defeated incumbent Edward J. Clancy , Jr. on November 3 , 2009 ; 8,043 votes to 8,016 . She is Lynn 's first female mayor . In 2013 she was elected to a second , four-year term . ", "The Minneapolis City Council is the governing body of the City of Minneapolis . It consists of 13 members , elected from separate wards to four-year terms in office . Barbara Johnson , Fourth Ward Council Member and a member of the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party -LRB- DFL -RRB- , is the current president of the council . The council is dominated by members of the DFL , with a total of 12 members . The Green Party of Minnesota has one member , Cam Gordon . Each member 's term is four years , and there are no limits on the number of terms a member may serve . ", "Patsy Kinsey -LRB- born 1941 -RRB- is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the Mayor of Charlotte , North Carolina for five months in 2013 . She served out the remainder of the term of former Mayor Anthony Foxx , who resigned to become United States Secretary of Transportation . Kinsey is the second woman to serve as Mayor of Charlotte . The city 's first female mayor was Republican Sue Myrick , who held the office from 1987 to 1991 . A Democrat , Kinsey served as a Mecklenburg County commissioner from 1990 to 1994 . She was then elected as a member of the Charlotte City Council from District 1 for five consecutive terms , from 2003 until the Council elected her Mayor on July 1 , 2013 , minutes after Foxx resigned from office . North Carolina state law required that Foxx 's appointed successor be of the same political party . Both Kinsey and Foxx are members of the Democratic Party and Democrats held a 9-2 majority on the city council in July 2013 . Five Democratic city council members and one Republican member , Warren Cooksey , voted for Kinsey . Two Democratic council members , Beth Pickering and Claire Fallon , voted against Kinsey . Three other council members - Republican Andy Dulin and Democrats Patrick Cannon and Michael Barnes - missed the meeting and did not vote . Kinsey was sworn in as Mayor on July 1 , 2013 , the same day as her election . She resigned from her seat on the city council as part of the agreement to become mayor , which included the understanding that she would not stand in the mayoral election in November . She instead ran to reclaim her former District 1 city council seat in the November 2013 election . She was elected with only write-in opposition , and resumed her service as a regular council member in December 2013 , while Patrick Cannon took office as Mayor . Kinsey was named Charlotte 's 2013 Woman of the Year by The Charlotte Observer in February 2014 . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Blue_Dog_Coalition", "Blue_Dog_Records", "Yellow_Dog_-LRB-comics-RRB-", "A_Giant_Dog", "Spanners_-LRB-album-RRB-" ]

[ "The Blue Dog Coalition , commonly known as the Blue Dogs or Blue Dog Democrats , is a caucus of United States Congressional Representatives from the Democratic Party who identify as conservative Democrats . It was formed in 1995 during the 104th Congress to give more conservative members from the Democratic party a unified voice after the Democrats ' loss of Congress in the U.S. Congressional election of 1994 . Blue Dog Coalition membership experienced a rapid decline in the 2010s , holding 14 seats in the 114th Congress . The 115th Congress has seen the Coalition grow to 18 members . ", "Blue Dog Records was an independent London record label located in offices above the original Barfly Club -LRB- The Falcon , Camden -RRB- . Started in 1997 by Nick Moore and Jeremy Ledlin it was licensed and distributed by Richard Branson 's V2 Records , and had a mostly guitar band roster of artists including The Crocketts , Daytona , Contempo , Murry the Hump , Sona Fariq and Super J Lounge . Many of the acts who released their first singles on Blue Dog were then snapped up by bigger labels , with Sona Fariq signing to Warners , Contempo signing to London , Murry the Hump signing to Beggars Banquet , and Crashland to Independiente/Sony . The label dissolved in 2000 due to funding cuts from V2 Records and the label 's main artist The Crocketts transforming into The Crimea . Moore set up short lived online label Animal Noise that continued to work with Alchemicals , The Disorientee and also released records by Baby Bird & Carina Round . ", "Yellow Dog was an underground comix newspaper and later comic book published by the Print Mint in Berkeley , California . It published 22 issues from 1968 to 1973 , featuring many of the period 's most notable underground cartoonists , including Robert Crumb , Joel Beck , Robert Williams , Rick Griffin , Greg Irons , and Trina Robbins . Other frequent contributors included Andy Martin , Franz Cilensek , John Thompson , Buckwheat Florida , Jr. , Jim Osborne , Ronald Lipking , and Hak Vogrin . The founding editor was Print Mint co-publisher Don Schencker . Yellow Dog has the distinction of having published more issues than any other true underground comix publication . ", "A Giant Dog is an American punk-rock band from Austin , Texas . The band is composed of Sabrina Ellis -LRB- lead-singer -RRB- ; Andrew Cashen -LRB- vocals , guitar -RRB- ; Andy Bauer -LRB- guitar -RRB- ; Graham Low -LRB- bass -RRB- ; and Daniel Blanchard -LRB- drums -RRB- . ", "Spanners is a studio album by British IDM music group The Black Dog , which then consisted of Ken Downie , Ed Handley , and Andy Turner . It was released via Warp Records in 1995 . Despite Spanners success , tensions started to emerge in the Dog camp . In mid July 1995 , it was announced that Ed Handley and Andy Turner would be leaving to start work on their own material . In 2017 , it ranked at number 42 on Pitchforks `` 50 Best IDM Albums of All Time '' list . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar", "Daltanganj_block", "Shahriar_Habib", "Kaliphz", "Karra_Block" ]

[ "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar -LRB- born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr. ; April 16 , 1947 -RRB- is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers . During his career as a center , Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- , a record 19-time NBA All-Star , a 15-time All-NBA selection , and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member . A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two as an assistant coach , Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP . In 1996 , he was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History . NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving have called him the greatest basketball player of all time . After winning 71 consecutive basketball games on his high school team in New York City , Alcindor attended college at UCLA , where he played for coach John Wooden on three consecutive national championship basketball teams and was a record three-time MVP of the NCAA Tournament . Drafted by the one-season-old Bucks franchise in the 1969 NBA draft with the first overall pick , Alcindor spent six seasons in Milwaukee . After winning his first NBA championship in 1971 , he adopted the Muslim name Kareem Abdul-Jabbar at age 24 . Using his trademark `` skyhook '' shot , he established himself as one of the league 's top scorers . In 1975 , he was traded to the Lakers , with whom he played the last 14 seasons of his career and won five additional NBA championships . Abdul-Jabbar 's contributions were a key component in the `` Showtime '' era of Lakers basketball . Over his 20-year NBA career his team succeeded in making the playoffs 18 times and past the 1st round in 14 of them ; his team reached the NBA Finals 10 times . At the time of his retirement in 1989 , Abdul-Jabbar was the NBA 's all-time leader in points scored -LRB- 38,387 -RRB- , games played -LRB- 1,560 -RRB- , minutes played -LRB- 57,446 -RRB- , field goals made -LRB- 15,837 -RRB- , field goal attempts -LRB- 28,307 -RRB- , blocked shots -LRB- 3,189 -RRB- , defensive rebounds -LRB- 9,394 -RRB- , career wins -LRB- 1,074 -RRB- , and personal fouls -LRB- 4,657 -RRB- . He remains the all-time leading scorer in the NBA , and player with most career wins . He is ranked 3rd all-time in both rebounds and blocks . In 2007 , ESPN voted him the greatest center of all time , in 2008 , they named him the `` greatest player in college basketball history '' , and in 2016 , they named him the second best player in NBA history -LRB- behind Michael Jordan -RRB- . Abdul-Jabbar has also been an actor , a basketball coach , and a best-selling author . In 2012 , he was selected by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to be a U.S. global cultural ambassador . In 2016 , he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama . ", "Medininagar block -LRB- previously Daltonganj -RRB- is one of the administrative blocks and headquarters of Palamu district , firstly it was under the rule of A great king Raja Medini Rai . who have a very long and glorious history , built Sahapur and Palamu Fort and was very generous . The famous quote about him was `` Raja Mediniya Ghar Ghar Baje Malhaniya '' . Jharkhand state , India . According to census -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , the block has 15,419 households with aggregate population of 163,385 . The block has 114 villages . Daltonganj was named after cruel collector `` General Dalton '' , who was a general during colonial rule who brutally killed Raja medini . It is at a distance of 165km from Rachi -LRB- the Capital of Jharkhand -RRB- . Daltanganj is quite famous for its wildlife center `` Betla National Park '' . ", "Shahriar Habib is a List A cricketer from Bangladesh . He played 2 one day games for Khulna Division in 2003/04 without conspicuous success with the bat . His highest score , 14 * , came against Chittagong Division . Category : Bangladeshi cricketers Category : Khulna Division cricketers Category : Year of birth missing -LRB- living people -RRB- Category : Living people ", "Kaliphz were a British hip hop crew formed in Rochdale by 2-Phaan -LRB- real name Mush Khan -RRB- and Jabba da Hype -LRB- real name Jabbar Khan -RRB- . They began as part of the breakdancing scene in the early 1980s , before branching out into spoken word and rap as other members joined the group . The group had a constantly shifting membership , and various name changes reflected this . The decline in fame and musical talent was due to the ever shifting members , Jabba da Hype was the carrier of the group , as his lyrics and vocals were dearly needed , and proved to be the reason the group was ssuccessful . The khaliphz aremost well known for a subsequent pop career as Kaleef , during which they recorded a record with Prince Naseem Hamed and also cover version of The Stranglers ' `` Golden Brown '' . ", "Karra is one of the administrative blocks of khunti district , Jharkhand state , India . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Arthur_Schopenhauer", "Ernst_Krieck", "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "Arthur_Achleitner", "Ernst_Waldschmidt" ]

[ "Arthur Schopenhauer -LRB- -LSB- ˈaɐ̯tʊɐ̯ ˈʃoːpm̩ˌhaʊ̯ɐ -RSB- ; 22 February 1788 -- 21 September 1860 -RRB- was a German philosopher . He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation -LRB- expanded in 1844 -RRB- , wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will . Proceeding from the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant , Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism , rejecting the contemporaneous post-Kantian philosophies of German idealism . Schopenhauer was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Eastern philosophy -LRB- e.g. , asceticism , the world-as-appearance -RRB- , having initially arrived at similar conclusions as the result of his own philosophical work . His writing on aesthetics , morality , and psychology would exert important influence on thinkers and artists throughout the 19th and 20th centuries . Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his life , Schopenhauer has had a posthumous impact across various disciplines , including philosophy , literature , and science . Those who have cited his influence include Friedrich Nietzsche , Richard Wagner , Leo Tolstoy , Ludwig Wittgenstein , Erwin Schrödinger , Otto Rank , Gustav Mahler , Joseph Campbell , Albert Einstein , Carl Jung , Thomas Mann , Jorge Luis Borges , and Samuel Beckett , among others . ", "Ernst Krieck -LRB- born July 6 , 1882 in Vögisheim ; died March 19 , 1947 in Moosburg an der Isar -RRB- was a German teacher , writer , and professor . Aside from Alfred Baeumler , Krieck was considered a leading National Socialistic -LRB- Nazi -RRB- theoretical scientist . After his graduation from junior high school , Krieck went to a teacher 's college in Karlsruhe . During his following work as an elementary school teacher , he began to criticize the dominant school system as mechanical and too bureaucratic . During this time , Krieck continued to be self-educated . In 1910 , his first literary work , Persönlichkeit und Kultur -LRB- Personality and Culture -RRB- , was published . In 1917 , Krieck published Die deutsche Staatsidee -LRB- The German National Idea -RRB- . Then in 1920 Die Revolution der Wissenschaft -LRB- The Revolution of Science -RRB- was published , and , finally , in 1922 Philosophie der Erziehung -LRB- Philosophy of Education -RRB- was published . Philosophie der Erziehung is considered Krieck 's most important book . For his work on this book , he received an honorary doctorate from Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg . After four years as working as a freelance writer he was appointed to work at the Pädagogische -LRB- pedagogy i.e. Science of education -RRB- Akademie in Frankfurt am Main in 1928 . Until the end of the 1920s , he supported the traditional opinions of the liberal teaching staff which was in conflict with the school politics of the SPD -LRB- Social Democratic Party -RRB- , Zentrumspartei -LRB- Central Party -RRB- , and the Catholic Church . Then , he took a political turn . In 1931 , he became a member of the racial minded , anti-semitic fighting union for German culture . After he had declared , `` Heil auf das Dritte Reich '' -LRB- `` Hail to the Third Reich '' -RRB- at the solstice festival in 1931 , Krieck was transferred to the Pädagogische Akademie Dortmund for disciplinary reasons . During this time , throughout the Ruhr region in Germany , Krieck acted frequently as a political speaker . On January 1 , 1932 he became a member of the NSDAP -LRB- Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or National Socialistic German Workers Party -RRB- and the National Socialistic teachers union . In 1932 , due to further Nazi agitation , Krieck was suspended as professor . After the Nazi `` takeover , '' due to a secretarial decree , Krieck was elected President of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main in April 1933 . He had been the only candidate . It was only a day before that he had been elected Professor of Education and Philosophy . He was the first Nazi President of a German University . After his election he declared that `` the old gap between Volkstum -LRB- the people -RRB- and the University was finally bridged . '' His election marked the beginning of a union `` between the Führer of the town , the guidance of the NSDAP , and the Führer of the University . '' He announced an aggressive cleanup of the University : `` It is our collective goal , to make a stronghold for the German spirit in the city of Frankfurt . We are marching toward a new culture , that of National Socialism and its Führer to make way for the political revolution ... '' One of the first measures was the public burning of books on the Römerberg on May 10 , 1933 . Krieck became the publisher of the new magazine `` Volk im Werden '' -LRB- NS Race Coming into Being -RRB- , which was published every two months from 1933-1944 and depicted Nazi ideas about education . Krieck published many articles in this magazine . In 1934 , Krieck went to Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg and took a position as chair of the Philosophy and Education department . In the summer of 1936 he appeared with Bernhard Rust both publicly and programmatically . Starting in 1934 , he also worked with the Sicherheitsdienst -LRB- Security Service -RRB- des Reichsführers SS and worked as a spy in the science section . In 1935 he became the leader of the Gau Nazi teachers union in Baden . From April 1937 to October 1938 he was President at the University of Heidelberg . His core philosophy caused severe controversy with the NS race theorists in the years of 1936-1938 , whereupon he left all party and academic offices . In 1938 , he left the SS , but was then given the honorary role of SS-Obersturmbannführer . He was chairman of the Philosophy and Education department in Heidelberg until the end of World War II . In 1944 he became one of several leaders of the NS teachers union . After the end of World War II , he was dismissed from the University and detained by US occupying forces . He died on March 19 , 1947 in an internment camp located in Moosburg an der Isar . Krieck became a professor despite the fact that he had no Abitur -LRB- a diploma from German secondary school qualifying a person for admission into a University -RRB- . Krieck grew up in a working class environment-his father was a mason and a peasant-and it was n't possible for Krieck to attend high school . Therefore , his training as an elementary school teacher was the only possibility for him to receive a higher education . Through his absolute support of the NS and because of his education as a teacher , it was possible for Krieck to be appointed to higher teaching positions . He was himself unsatisfied with his resume and incorporated his personal experience of social criticism into his resume . The Heidelberg University Archives has received estate items belonging to Ernst Krieck and his daughter , Ilse Krieck . This inheritance includes photo albums , single frame pictures , a bust , correspondence , and five gramophone records that play a speech given by Krieck in 1933 . ", "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe -LRB- -LSB- ˈgɜːrtə -RSB- -LSB- ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfɡaŋ fɔn ˈɡøːtə -RSB- ; 28 August 1749 -- 22 March 1832 -RRB- was a German writer and statesman . His works include epic and lyric poetry ; prose and verse dramas ; memoirs ; an autobiography ; literary and aesthetic criticism ; treatises on botany , anatomy , and colour ; and four novels . In addition , numerous literary and scientific fragments , more than 10,000 letters , and nearly 3,000 drawings by him exist . A literary celebrity by the age of 25 , Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar , Carl August in 1782 after taking up residence there in November 1775 following the success of his first novel , The Sorrows of Young Werther . He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement . During his first ten years in Weimar , Goethe was a member of the Duke 's privy council , sat on the war and highway commissions , oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau , and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena . He also contributed to the planning of Weimar 's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace , which in 1998 were together designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . His first major scientific work , the Metamorphosis of Plants , was published after he returned from a 1788 tour of Italy . In 1791 , he was made managing director of the theatre at Weimar , and in 1794 he began a friendship with the dramatist , historian , and philosopher Friedrich Schiller , whose plays he premiered until Schiller 's death in 1805 . During this period , Goethe published his second novel , Wilhelm Meister 's Apprenticeship , the verse epic Hermann and Dorothea , and , in 1808 , the first part of his most celebrated drama , Faust . His conversations and various common undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Johann Gottfried Herder , Alexander von Humboldt , Wilhelm von Humboldt , and August and Friedrich Schlegel have , in later years , been collectively termed Weimar Classicism . Arthur Schopenhauer cited Wilhelm Meister 's Apprenticeship as one of the four greatest novels ever written , along with Tristram Shandy , La Nouvelle Héloïse , and Don Quixote , and Ralph Waldo Emerson selected Goethe as one of six `` representative men '' in his work of the same name , along with Plato , Emanuel Swedenborg , Michel de Montaigne , Napoleon , and William Shakespeare . Goethe 's comments and observations form the basis of several biographical works , most notably Johann Peter Eckermann 's Conversations with Goethe . ", "Arthur Achleitner -LRB- August 16 , 1858 in Straubing , Bavaria , Germany -- September 29 , 1927 in Munich -RRB- was a German writer . His works are noteworthy because he describes local customs and peculiarities of the people in the Austrian and Bavarian Alps , and the Mediterranean regions of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire -LRB- mainly Croatia and Bosnia -RRB- . ", "Ernst Waldschmidt -LRB- July 15 , 1897 , Lünen , Province of Westphalia -- February 25 , 1985 , Göttingen -RRB- was a German orientalist and Indologist . He was a pupil of German indologist Emil Sieg . He taught at Berlin University and began teaching at the University of Göttingen in 1936 . Waldschmidt joined the Nazi party in May 1937 . He was a specialist on Indian philosophy , and archaeology of India and Central Asia . He also founded Stiftung Ernst Waldschmidt . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Species_distribution", "Cetacean_bycatch", "Relative_species_abundance", "Insect_ecology", "Nototodarus" ]

[ "Species distribution is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged . Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal , which is the movement of individuals away from their area of origin or from centers of high on density . A similar concept is the species range . A species range is often represented with a species range map . Biogeographers try to understand the factors determining a species ' distribution . The pattern of distribution is not permanent for each species . Distribution patterns can change seasonally , in response to the availability of resources , and also depending on the scale at which they are viewed . Dispersion usually takes place at the time of reproduction . Populations within a species are translocated through many methods , including dispersal by people , wind , water and animals . Humans are one of the largest distributors due to the current trends in globalization and the expanse of the transportation industry . For example , large tankers often fill their ballasts with water at one port and empty them in another , causing a wider distribution of aquatic species . Biogeography is the study of the distribution of biodiversity over space and time . It is very useful in understanding species distribution through factors such as speciation , extinction , continental drift , glaciation , variation of sea levels , river capture and available resources . This branch of study not only gives a description of the species distribution , but also a geographical explanation for the distribution of particular species . The traditional biogeographic regions were first modeled by Alfred Wallace in The Geographical Distribution of Animals -LRB- 1876 -RRB- . These were based on the work of Sclater 's terrestrial biogeographic regions . Wallace 's system was based on both birds and vertebrates , including non-flying mammals , which better reflect the natural divisions of the Earth due to their limited dispersal abilities . ", "Cetacean bycatch is the incidental capture of non-target cetacean species such as dolphins , porpoises , and whales by fisheries . Bycatch can be caused by entanglement in fishing nets and lines , or direct capture by hooks or in trawl nets . Cetacean bycatch is increasing in intensity and frequency . This is a trend that is likely to continue because of increasing human population growth and demand for marine food sources , as well as industrialization of fisheries which are expanding into new areas . These fisheries come into direct and indirect contact with cetaceans . An example of direct contact is the physical contact of cetaceans with fishing nets . Indirect contact is through marine trophic pathways where fisheries are severely reducing fish stocks that cetaceans rely on for food . In some fisheries , cetaceans are captured as bycatch but then retained because of their value as food or bait . In this fashion , cetaceans can become a target of fisheries . ", "Relative species abundance is a component of biodiversity and refers to how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a defined location or community . Relative abundance is the percent composition of an organism of a particular kind relative to the total number of organisms in the area . Relative species abundances tend to conform to specific patterns that are among the best-known and most-studied patterns in macroecology . ", "Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects , individually or as a community , interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem . Insects play significant roles in the ecology of the world due to their vast diversity of form , function and life-style ; their considerable biomass ; and their interaction with plant life , other organisms and the environment . Since they are the major contributor to biodiversity in the majority of habitats , except in the sea , they accordingly play a variety of extremely important ecological roles in the many functions of an eco-system . Taking the case of nutrient recycling ; insects contribute to this vital function by degrading or consuming leaf litter , wood , carrion and dung and by dispersal of fungi . Insects form an important part of the food chain , especially for entomophagous vertebrates such as many mammals , birds , amphibians and reptiles . Insects play an important role in maintaining community structure and composition ; in the case of animals by transmission of diseases , predation and parasitism , and in the case of plants , through phytophagy and by plant propagation through pollination and seed dispersal . From an anthropocentric point of view , insects compete with humans ; they consume as much as 10 % of the food produced by man and infect one in six humans with a pathogen . ", "Nototodarus is a genus of squid . Example species in this genus include Nototodarus sloanii , a species sought for human food ; in the process of harvesting N. sloanii Australian sea lions are frequently killed , since that marine mammal preys upon this squid species . Furthermore , New Zealand arrow squid , N. sloanii , is an important food source for the endangered yellow-eyed penguin , Megadyptes antipodes . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Challenge-COLON-_Rivals_III", "2011–13_International_Challenge_Trophy", "1995_Challenge_Bell", "Young_and_Dangerous_5", "Challenge_-LRB-1984_film-RRB-" ]

[ "The Challenge : Rivals III is the 28th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge . Being the third in the Rivals series , Rivals III marks the show 's third trilogy -LRB- following the Inferno and Gauntlet series -RRB- , continuing on from the original Rivals and Rivals II . It was filmed in Huatulco , Mexico and Mendoza , Argentina during November and December 2015 , with former cast members from MTV 's Real World , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . This season marks the first since season 11 to not feature any original cast members from the Fresh Meat or Fresh Meat II challenges . Unlike the previous two installments of the Rivals series , which featured same-gender pairs , Rivals III saw a change in format , with male/female pairs that had bitter feuds , fights , or strained relationships in previous seasons of Real World , The Challenge , and Are You the One ? -LRB- similar to the Battle of the Exes series -RRB- . Unlike the other Rivals seasons , only the winning team from each week 's challenge was allowed to decide which team would face the last-place team in the elimination round . The season premiered on May 4 , 2016 , and concluded on August 3 , 2016 , with the Reunion special . Lisa Fletcher replaced longtime Challenge producer Justin Booth as executive producer this season . Booth had served as the executive producer since season 15 . ", "The 2011 -- 13 International Challenge Trophy is the fourth edition of the International Challenge Trophy . ", "The 1995 Challenge Bell was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Club Avantage Multi-Sports in Quebec City in Canada that was part of Tier III of the 1995 WTA Tour . It was the 3rd edition of the Challenge Bell , and was held from October 30 through November 5 , 1995 . Brenda Schultz-McCarthy won the singles title . ", "Young and Dangerous 5 is a 1998 Hong Kong triad film . It is the fourth sequel in the Young and Dangerous film series . ", "Challenge is a 1984 Telugu Philosophy film , produced by K. S. Rama Rao on Creative Commercials banner and directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy . Starring Chiranjeevi , Vijayashanti , Suhasini in the lead roles and music composed by Maestro Ilayaraja . This film is based on fiction work by Yandamoori Veerendranath titled `` Dabbu to the power of Dabbu '' . The film recorded as Blockbuster at the box office . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Kevin_Bacon", "The_Woodsman_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Hollow_Man", "Kevin_J._O'Connor_-LRB-actor-RRB-", "Sleepers" ]

[ "Kevin Norwood Bacon -LRB- born July 8 , 1958 -RRB- is an American actor and musician . His notable films include musical-drama film Footloose -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , and the mystery drama Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers and troubled former child abuser in a critically acclaimed performance in The Woodsman . Also on television , he starred in the Fox series The Following from 2013 to 2015 . Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . The Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination . In 2003 , Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry . Bacon has become an icon for the concept of interconnectedness -LRB- as in social networks -RRB- , having been popularized by the game `` Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon '' . In 2007 , he created SixDegrees.org , a charitable foundation . ", "The Woodsman is a 2004 drama film directed and co-written -LRB- with Steven Fechter -RRB- by Nicole Kassell , based on Fechter 's play of the same name . The movie stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison . The movie 's name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child . ", "Hollow Man is a 2000 American-German science fiction horror film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Kevin Bacon , Elisabeth Shue and Josh Brolin . Bacon portrays the title character , a scientist who renders himself invisible and goes on a killing spree , a story inspired by H. G. Wells ' novel The Invisible Man . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Visual Effects in 2001 , but lost to Gladiator . The film is Verhoeven 's most recent American production . In 2013 , Verhoeven remarked to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I decided after Hollow Man , this is a movie , the first movie that I made that I thought I should not have made . It made money and this and that , but it really is not me anymore . I think many other people could have done that . I do n't think many people could have made RoboCop that way , or either Starship Troopers . But Hollow Man , I thought there might have been 20 directors in Hollywood who could have done that . I felt depressed with myself after 2002 . '' It partly contributed in his return to the Netherlands , his home country , where he made Black Book in 2006 , which was considered a return to form . A direct-to-video stand-alone sequel called Hollow Man 2 starring Christian Slater and Peter Facinelli was released in 2006 . ", "Kevin James O'Connor -LRB- born November 15 , 1963 -RRB- is an American actor . O'Connor is known for portraying character roles in major studio films such as There Will Be Blood , The Mummy , Clive Barker 's Lord of Illusions , F/X2 and Van Helsing . He is a favorite of writer/director Stephen Sommers , who usually casts him in his films . ", "Sleepers is a 1996 American legal crime drama film written , produced , and directed by Barry Levinson , and based on Lorenzo Carcaterra 's 1995 novel of the same name . The film starred Kevin Bacon , Jason Patric , Brad Pitt , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Minnie Driver and Vittorio Gassmann . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Port_of_Spain", "Channel-Port_aux_Basques", "Coslada", "Port-le-Grand", "Port-Lesney" ]

[ "Port of Spain is the capital city of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the country 's third-largest municipality , after Chaguanas and San Fernando . The city has a municipal population of 37,074 -LRB- 2011 census -RRB- , a metropolitan population of 128,026 -LRB- 1990 unofficial estimate -RRB- and a transient daily population of 250,000 . It is located on the Gulf of Paria , on the northwest coast of the island of Trinidad and is part of a larger conurbation stretching from Chaguaramas in the west to Arima in the east with an estimated population of 600,000 . The city serves primarily as a retail and administrative centre and it has been the capital of the island since 1757 . It is also an important financial services centre for the Caribbean and is home to two of the largest banks in the region . Port of Spain was also the de facto capital of the short-lived West Indies Federation , which united the Caribbean . Caricom was established in Chaguaramas , west of Port of Spain . The city is also home to the largest container port on the island and is one of several shipping hubs of the Caribbean , exporting both agricultural products and manufactured goods . Bauxite from Guyana is trans-shipped via facilities at Chaguaramas , about 5 mi west of the city . The pre-lenten Carnival is the city 's main annual cultural festival and tourist attraction . Today , Port of Spain is a leading city in the Caribbean region . Trinidad and Tobago hosted the Fifth Summit of the Americas in 2009 whose guests included US President Barack Obama and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton . Port of Spain is also home to the biggest and most successful stock exchange in the Caribbean , the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange -LRB- TTSE -RRB- . The iconic Nicholas Tower , as well as other skyscrapers , are well known throughout the region . These buildings dominate the city 's skyline . Some of the tallest skyscrapers in the Caribbean are located in Port of Spain . ", "Channel-Port aux Basques is a town at the extreme southwestern tip of Newfoundland fronting on the western end of the Cabot Strait . A Marine Atlantic ferry terminal is located in the town which is the primary entry point onto the island of Newfoundland and the western terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway in the province . The town was incorporated in 1945 and its population in the 2011 census was 4,170 . Port aux Basques is the oldest of the collection of towns that make up the present-day town , which consists of Port aux Basques , Channel , Grand Bay , and Mouse Island . Amalgamation took place in the 1970s . ", "Coslada -LRB- -LSB- kozˈlaða -RSB- -RRB- is a city and municipality in the autonomous community of Madrid in central Spain . , the mayor of Coslada is Ángel Viveros Gutiérrez -LRB- PSOE -RRB- . The Dry Port of the Community of Madrid is located in Coslada , which turns the city into a strategic point . The majority of the companies which transport important commodities that operate in Spain have branch offices in Coslada . Another economic asset is its proximity to the Airport of Barajas , where a great percentage of its population is employed . ", "Port-le-Grand is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France . ", "Port-Lesney is a commune in the Jura department ' in Franche-Comté in eastern France . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Scream_2", "Scream_-LRB-franchise-RRB-", "Scream_-LRB-1996_film-RRB-", "The_Scream_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Kevin_Williamson_-LRB-screenwriter-RRB-" ]

[ "Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson . It stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jamie Kennedy , Laurie Metcalf , Jerry O'Connell , Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber . The film was released on December 12 , 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series . Scream 2 takes place one year after Scream and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , now a student at the fictional Windsor College , who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface . Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks -LRB- Kennedy -RRB- , retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley -LRB- Arquette -RRB- and news reporter Gale Weathers -LRB- Cox -RRB- . Like its predecessor , Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels . The film was followed by two sequels , Scream 3 -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Scream 4 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script , hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise . Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film 's financial and critical success , Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters , with the principal cast all returning to star , Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music . The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet , revealing the identity of the killers . Combined with the film 's rushed schedule , the script was rewritten often ; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming . Despite these issues , Scream 2 earned $ 172 million , received several awards and nominations . The film also received positive reviews , with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality . Beltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer . Elfman 's contribution had been specially written for the film , but Zimmer 's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film , replacing Beltrami 's own work . The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success , reaching # 50 on the Billboard 200 . ", "Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven . Starring Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , and David Arquette , the film series grossed over $ 604 million in worldwide box-office receipts and consists of four motion pictures directed by Craven . The first series entry , Scream , was released on December 20 , 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States . The second entry Scream 2 was released on December 12 , 1997 followed by a third installment , Scream 3 , released February 4 , 2000 . Eleven years after the previous film , Scream 4 was released on April 15 , 2011 . The films follow Sidney Prescott , and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims . Sidney receives support in the films from town deputy Dewey Riley , reporter Gale Weathers , and film-geek Randy Meeks . A tv spin off of the series was released by MTV on June 30 , 2015 . The series follows different characters and new storylines , not connected to the film series . Williamson 's original script was bought by Miramax and developed under the Dimension Films label by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , who recruited Craven to direct , who in turn recruited composer Marco Beltrami to score the film . This team went on to be involved in each film in the series though Williamson was forced to take a smaller role for Scream 3 , writing only a brief plot outline due to his commitments to other projects , with Ehren Kruger replacing him as screenwriter . The series ' violence resulted in conflicts with the Motion Picture Association of America and news media concerning censorship resulting in a reduction of violence and gore in Scream 3 when the Columbine High School massacre brought increased focus on the media 's influence on society . Scream became notable for its use of established and recognizable actors which was uncommon for horror films at the time , yet has since become common in part due to Scream 's success . The series , particularly the first two films , has received significant critical acclaim . Scream has been credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the late 90s by combining a traditional slasher film with humor , awareness of horror film cliché and a clever plot . Scream was one of the highest-grossing films of 1996 and became , and remains , the highest grossing slasher film in the world . Its success was matched by Scream 2 which not only broke box-office records of the time , but was also argued by some critics to actually be superior to the original . Scream 3 fared worse than its predecessors , both critically and financially , with critics commenting that it had become the type of horror film it originally parodied in Scream . It did , however , receive some positive response , with claims that it was the perfect end to the trilogy . The film series has been the recipient of several awards including a Saturn Award for Best Actress and MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Campbell and Best Horror Film for Scream . ", "Scream is a 1996 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven . The film stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Matthew Lillard , Rose McGowan , Skeet Ulrich , and Drew Barrymore . Released on December 20 , 1996 , Scream follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro , California , who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface . The film combined black comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as Halloween and Friday the 13th . The film was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real world horror films and openly discussed the clichés that Scream attempted to subvert . Based partly on the real life case of the Gainesville Ripper , Scream was inspired by Williamson 's passion for horror films , especially Halloween -LRB- 1978 -RRB- . The script , originally titled Scary Movie , was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete . The production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location . The film went on to financial and critical acclaim , earning $ 173 million worldwide , and became the highest-grossing slasher film in the US in unadjusted dollars . It received several awards and award nominations . The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed , and was cited as '' -LSB- one -RSB- of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years . '' It has since earned `` cult status . '' Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors , which was considered to have helped it find a wider audience , including a significant female viewership . Scream was credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the 1990s , which was considered to be almost dead following an influx of direct-to-video titles and numerous sequels to established horror franchises of the 1970s and 1980s . These sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success , as they exploited clichés upon which films in the genre had become reliant . Screams success spawned a series of sequels , though only Scream 2 , released in 1997 , achieved a level of commercial and critical success equal to the original film . In the years following the release of Scream , the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders . ", "The Scream -LRB- Fəryad -RRB- is a 1993 Azerbaijani war film directed by Jeyhun Mirzayev based loosely on the Nagorno-Karabakh War and Khojaly Massacre . The film stars Jeyhun Mirzayev himself , Haci Ismayilov , and Melik Dadashev . ", "Kevin Meade Williamson -LRB- born March 14 , 1965 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , filmmaker , and actor , best known as the creator of the TV series Dawson 's Creek -LRB- 1998 -- 2003 -RRB- , The Vampire Diaries -LRB- 2009 -- 2017 -RRB- , The Following -LRB- 2013 -- 2015 -RRB- and Stalker -LRB- 2014 -- 2015 -RRB- . He is also widely known for developing and writing the screenplay for the slasher film Scream , as well as its sequels Scream 2 and Scream 4 . He also wrote the screenplay for the films I Know What You Did Last Summer , The Faculty , Teaching Mrs. Tingle -LRB- which he also directed -RRB- , and Cursed . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "A_Good_Day_to_Die_Hard", "Live_Free_or_Die_Hard", "It's_Hard_to_Be_Good", "Die_Hard", "Bad_Night" ]

[ "A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth installment in the Die Hard film series . The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods , and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane . The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son , Jack , an undercover CIA agent , out of prison . He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot . Alongside Willis , the film also stars Jai Courtney , Cole Hauser , Yuliya Snigir and Sebastian Koch as the film 's villain . Talks of a fifth Die Hard film began before the release of the fourth installment , Live Free or Die Hard , with Willis affirming that the latter would not be the last in the series , but pre-production did not start until September 2011 , when John Moore was officially announced as the director . Filming began in April 2012 , primarily in Budapest , Hungary . A Good Day to Die Hard premiered in Los Angeles on January 31 , 2013 , coinciding with the unveiling of a Die Hard mural at the Fox Lot , and was released in certain East and Southeast Asian countries on February 7 and in the United States and Canada on February 13 . It is the first Die Hard film to use Dolby Atmos Surround Mixing and the first to also be released in IMAX theaters . Unlike the previous films , A Good Day to Die Hard was a critical failure , receiving overwhelmingly negative reviews which cited implausible action sequences , a cliched script , a weak plot , Moore 's direction , and a lack of characterization , although the special effects were praised . It is the first film produced by TSG Entertainment , since distributor 20th Century Fox 's departure from Dune Entertainment upon the completion of their distribution contract at the end of 2012 . A sequel entitled Die Hard : Year One was confirmed to be in works while also intended to be an origin story of John McClane . ", "Live Free or Die Hard -LRB- released as Die Hard 4.0 outside North America -RRB- is a 2007 American action film , and the fourth installment in the Die Hard film series . The film was directed by Len Wiseman and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane . The film 's name was adapted from New Hampshire 's state motto , `` Live Free or Die '' . McClane is attempting to stop cyber terrorists who hack into government and commercial computers across the United States with the goal to start a `` fire sale '' of financial assets . The film was based on the 1997 article `` A Farewell to Arms '' written for Wired magazine by John Carlin . The film was released in the United States on June 27 , 2007 . The project was initially stalled due to the 9/11 terrorist attacks , and when production eventually began , the film 's title was changed several times . A variety of visual effects were used for action sequences , even though Wiseman and Willis stated that they wanted to limit the amount of CGI in the film . In separate incidents during filming , both Willis and his stunt double were injured . Unlike the prior three films in the series , the U.S. rating was PG-13 rather than R . An unrated version contained more strong profanity and violence not shown in the theatrical version , and was included in the DVD release . Reviews were positive with an 82 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 69/100 score from Metacritic . The film earned total international box office gross receipts of $ 383.4 million , making it the highest-grossing film in the Die Hard series . It debuted at # 2 at the U.S. box office . For the DVD release , 20th Century Fox pioneered a new kind of DRM , Digital Copy protection that tries to weaken the incentives for consumers to learn how to rip discs by offering them a downloadable version with studio-imposed restrictions . The score for the film was released on July 2 , 2007 . The fifth film in the series , titled A Good Day to Die Hard , was released on February 14 , 2013 . ", "It 's Hard to Be Good is a 1948 British comedy film directed by Jeffrey Dell and starring Jimmy Hanley , Anne Crawford and Raymond Huntley . In the film , an ex-army officer and do-gooder finds his attempts to improve the world leads invariably to disasters . ", "Die Hard is a 1988 American action film directed by John McTiernan and written by Steven E. de Souza and Jeb Stuart . It follows off-duty New York City Police Department officer John McClane -LRB- Bruce Willis -RRB- as he takes on a group of highly organized criminals led by Hans Gruber -LRB- Alan Rickman -RRB- , who perform a heist in a Los Angeles skyscraper under the guise of a terrorist attack using hostages , including McClane 's wife Holly -LRB- Bonnie Bedelia -RRB- , to keep the police at bay . It is based on Roderick Thorp 's 1979 novel Nothing Lasts Forever , the sequel to 1966 's The Detective , which was adapted into a 1968 film of the same name that starred Frank Sinatra . Fox was therefore contractually obligated to offer Sinatra the lead role in Die Hard , but he turned it down . The studio then pitched the film to Arnold Schwarzenegger as a sequel to his 1985 action film Commando ; he turned it down , as well , and the studio finally and reluctantly gave it to Willis , then known primarily as a comedic television actor . Made for $ 28 million , Die Hard grossed over $ 140 million theatrically worldwide , and was given a positive reception from critics . The film turned Willis into an action star , became a metonym for an action film in which a lone hero fights overwhelming odds , and has been named one of the best action movies ever made . The film also ranks # 29 on Empires 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time . The film 's success spawned the Die Hard franchise , which includes four sequels -LRB- Die Hard 2 , Die Hard with a Vengeance , Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard -RRB- , video games , and a comic book . ", "Bad Night is an American adventure film starring YouTube personalities Jenn McAllister and Lauren Luthringshausen . The screenplay was written by Daniel Kinno and directed by Chris and Nick Riedell . The film was released on July 21 , 2015 exclusively through Vimeo on Demand . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Southern_Hospitality_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Southern_Tracks", "21c_Museum_Hotels", "List_of_people_from_Southern_Italy", "Florida_Georgia_Line" ]

[ "`` Southern Hospitality '' is the second single released off Ludacris 's album Back for the First Time , released in 2000 . It was composed by The Neptunes . The song debuted at # 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 20 , 2001 , reached the Top 40 at # 38 on February 10 , 2001 , and peaked at # 23 on March 24 . ", "Southern Tracks is a B-sides album released by Christian rock band Third Day in 1999 . The album was released with limited copies of their third full-length album , Time and is currently out of print . `` Long time Comin ' '' and `` She Sings in Riddles '' were re-released on 2007 's compilation `` Chronology Volume 1 '' . ", "21c Museum Hotels is a Louisville-based combination contemporary art museum and boutique hotel chain . As of 2017 , it manages seven properties in Louisville , Kentucky ; Lexington , Kentucky ; Cincinnati , Ohio ; Bentonville , Arkansas , Durham , North Carolina , Oklahoma City , OK , and Nashville , Tennessee . 21c Museum Hotel was voted among the Top 10 Hotels in the World in the Condé Nast Traveler Readers ' Choice Awards in 2009 , 2010 and 2011 . It was also voted as the No. 1 Hotel in the South in the 2012 Condé Nast Traveler Readers ' Choice Awards . 21c Museum Hotel Cincinnati was named the top hotel in America in 2013 by Conde Nast Traveler 's annual reader survey , and 11th in the world . ", "This is a list of notable southern Italians . ", "Florida Georgia Line is an American country music duo consisting of vocalists Brian Kelley -LRB- from Ormond Beach , Florida -RRB- and Tyler Hubbard -LRB- from Monroe , Georgia -RRB- . They have achieved major success since their inception and are one of the most successful country music acts of the 2010s . The young band quickly emerged after several years starting their careers by making covers . Their music has been tagged as bro-country , transitioning from the traditional country feel to their hybrid sounds and their lyrical focus about backroads , girls , drinking and trucks . Their 2012 single `` Cruise '' is the best-selling digital country song of all time in the United States as of January 2014 . It is the only country song to ever receive the Diamond certification -- over 10 million copies sold . Florida Georgia Line was formed in 2010 in Nashville , Tennessee . In December 2011 , they signed a publishing/production/management deal with Big Loud Mountain , Craig Wiseman 's -LRB- Big Loud Shirt Publishing -RRB- , Joey Moi 's -LRB- Mountain View Records -RRB- , and Kevin `` Chief '' Zaruk 's partnership . Their second EP , It ' z Just What We Do , charted on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . They played on the 2012 Country Throwdown Tour , along with acts such as Josh Thompson , Corey Smith , Gary Allan , Justin Moore , and Rodney Atkins . They have also opened for Luke Bryan , Brantley Gilbert , Jake Owen , Jason Aldean , Colt Ford , and Dierks Bentley . On July 16 , 2012 , they signed with Republic Nashville , part of the Big Machine Label Group . They released their second album , Anything Goes on October 14 , 2014 , and their third , Dig Your Roots , was released on August 26 , 2016 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Tennessee", "Mexico_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "Miss_Tennessee_Teen_USA", "Bicentennial_Capitol_Mall_State_Park", "Mexican_Federal_Highway_45" ]

[ "Tennessee -LRB- -LSB- tɛnᵻˈsiː -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- ᏔᎾᏏ , translit = Tanasi -RSB- -RRB- is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , and Arkansas and Missouri to the west . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's largest city , with a population of 660,388 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which has a population of 652,717 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined . Beginning during Reconstruction , it had competitive party politics , but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting . This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century . In the 20th century , Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy , aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and , in the early 1940s , the city of Oak Ridge . This city was established to house the Manhattan Project 's uranium enrichment facilities , helping to build the world 's first atomic bomb , which was used during World War II . Tennessee 's major industries include agriculture , manufacturing , and tourism . Poultry , soybeans , and cattle are the state 's primary agricultural products , and major manufacturing exports include chemicals , transportation equipment , and electrical equipment . The Great Smoky Mountains National Park , the nation 's most visited national park , is headquartered in the eastern part of the state , and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border . Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga ; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge ; Ripley 's Aquarium of the Smokies and Ober Gatlinburg in Gatlinburg ; the Parthenon , the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum , and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville ; the Jack Daniel 's Distillery in Lynchburg ; Elvis Presley 's Graceland residence and tomb , the Memphis Zoo , and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis ; and Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol . ", "Mexico is a common name for the United Mexican States , a sovereign state in North America . Mexico may also refer to : ", "The Miss Tennessee Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state Tennessee in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Tennessee is among the most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . In the 1990s , they were placed first . They have the third -LRB- equal -RRB- highest number of semi-finalist -LRB- or better -RRB- placings and are one of only five states to have received more than three awards . Additionally , Tennessee is one of only three states -LRB- the other two being Oregon and Texas -RRB- to have won the Miss Teen USA title more than once . Five Tennessee teens have gone on to win the Miss Tennessee USA title and compete at Miss USA , including Lynnette Cole , who won the Miss USA title in 2000 and Rachel Smith , Miss USA 2007 . Both Cole and Smith won Miss Photogenic awards at Miss Teen USA , each five years prior to their Miss USA win . This makes Miss Tennessee Teen USA the only state and pageant to have two Miss USAs win the Miss Photogenic award at Miss Teen USA . The pageant has been directed by former Miss Tennessee USA Kimberly Payne Greenwood since 1992 . ", "Bicentennial Capitol Mall State Park , also known as the Bicentennial Mall , is an urban state park in downtown Nashville , Tennessee . The park is located northwest of the Tennessee State Capitol building and was opened on June 1 , 1996 , to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the establishment of Tennessee 's statehood . ", "Mexican Federal Highway 45 -LRB- Carretera Federal 45 -RRB- connects Ciudad Juárez in Chihuahua state through the Chihuahuan Desert to Panales in Hidalgo state . The highway is operated by the Federal Government of Mexico through the management of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation . Custody is the responsibility of `` The Federal Highway Police '' , which in turn is part of the Federal Police -LRB- Mexico -RRB- -LRB- PF -RRB- . Highway 45 is part of the Pan-American Highway . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Legendary_Entertainment", "Bill_Silva_Entertainment", "Caesars_Entertainment_Corporation", "Franchise_Pictures", "Planet_Hollywood_Las_Vegas" ]

[ "Legendary Entertainment -LRB- also known as Legendary Pictures or Legendary -RRB- is an American media company based in Burbank , California . The company was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000 and in 2005 , concluded an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films with Warner Bros. , and began a similar arrangement with Universal Studios in 2014 . Since 2016 , Legendary has been a subsidiary of the Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group . ", "Bill Silva Entertainment is a concert promotion , artist management , touring , and publishing company based in Los Angeles and established in 1979 . BSE has represented artists such as Jason Mraz , blink-182 , Unwritten Law , James Morrison , and Christina Perri , and has produced more than 10,000 shows . Bill Silva , the company 's founder , has won three Independent Promoter of the Year awards . The company is a partner in DT Model Management and The Uprising Creative . ", "Caesars Entertainment Corporation , is an American gaming corporation based in Paradise , Nevada that owns and operates over 50 casinos and hotels , and seven golf courses under several brands . It is the fourth-largest gaming company in the world , with annual revenues of $ 8.6 billion -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Caesars is a public company , majority-owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management and TPG Capital . Caesars 's largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in January 2015 . ", "Franchise Pictures LLC was an independent motion picture production and distribution company with Warner Bros. . Entertainment , founded by Elie Samaha and Andrew Stevens . They were known for their production in the action film genre . The company also had a short-lived video game arm , Franchise Interactive . As of 2009 , the Franchise Pictures library , along with that of ThinkFilm , is now owned by Orange Holdings LLC . The Franchise Library is currently distributed worldwide by Revolution Studios through Park Circus . ", "Planet Hollywood Las Vegas -LRB- formerly Tally-Ho , King 's Crown and Aladdin -RRB- is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation . Hilton Grand Vacations operates the timeshare portion of the property , known as Elara . In April 2010 , Total Rewards replaced the `` A-List '' Player rewards card at Planet Hollywood . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Nuisance_call", "Phone_-LRB-phonetics-RRB-", "Telephone_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Call_For_Action", "Mixtape" ]

[ "Nuisance calls encompass any type of unwanted , unsolicited , telephone call . Common types of nuisance calls include prank calls , telemarketing calls , and silent calls . Obscene phone calls and other threatening calls are criminal acts in most jurisdictions , particularly when hate crime is involved . Unsolicited calls may also be used to initiate telephone frauds . Fax machines may also receive junk faxes via unsolicited calls . Caller ID provides some protection against unwanted calls , but can still be turned off by the calling party . Even where end-user Caller ID is not available , calls are still logged , both in billing records at the originating telco and via automatic number identification , so the perpetrator 's phone number can still be discovered in many cases . However , these do not provide complete protection : harassers can use payphones and , in some cases , caller ID -LRB- but not necessarily automatic number identification itself -RRB- can be spoofed or blocked . Mobile telephone abusers can -LRB- at some cost -RRB- use `` throwaway '' mobile phones or SIMs . Voice over IP users may send bogus caller ID or route calls through servers in multiple countries . Even in these cases , with sufficient law enforcement and telco effort , persistent abusers can often be tracked down by technical means . Call screening is another countermeasure against unsolicited calls . Most telephone companies have a department devoted to handling complaints regarding unsolicited phone calls . In criminal cases such as obscene or threatening phone calls , many police departments have dedicated resources devoted to dealing with such cases . ", "In phonetics and linguistics , a phone is any distinct speech sound or gesture , regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words . In contrast , a phoneme is a speech sound that , in a given language , if it were swapped with another phoneme , would change the meaning of the word . Phones are absolute , not specific to any language , but phonemes can be discussed only in reference to specific languages . For example , the English words kid and kit end with two distinct phonemes , and swapping one for the other would change the word 's meaning . However , the difference between the p sounds in pun -LRB- pʰ , with aspiration -RRB- and spun -LRB- p , no aspiration -RRB- never affects the meaning of a word in English so they are phones and not phonemes . By contrast , swapping the same two sounds in Hindi or Urdu can change one word into another : pʰal means ` fruit ' , and pal means ` moment ' . You Can Also Click Here To In the context of spoken languages , a phone is an unanalyzed sound of a language . A phone is a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties and serves as the basic unit of phonetic speech analysis . Phones are generally either vowels or consonants . A phonetic transcription -LRB- based on phones -RRB- is enclosed within square brackets rather than the slashes of a phonemic transcription -LRB- based on phonemes -RRB- . Phones -LRB- and often phonemes also -RRB- are commonly represented using symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet -LRB- IPA -RRB- . For example , the English word spin consists of four phones , -LSB- s -RSB- , -LSB- p -RSB- , -LSB- ɪ -RSB- and -LSB- n -RSB- , and thus it has the phonetic representation -LSB- spɪn -RSB- . The word pin has three phones ; in that word , the initial sound is aspirated and so can be represented as -LSB- pʰ -RSB- ; the word 's phonetic representation would then be -LSB- pʰɪn -RSB- . -LRB- Precisely the features shown in a phonetic representation depends on whether a narrow or broad transcription is being used the features that the writer wishes to draw attention in the context . -RRB- When phones are considered to be realizations of the same phoneme , they are called allophones of that phoneme -LRB- more information on the methods of making such assignments can be found under phoneme -RRB- . In English , for example , -LSB- p -RSB- and -LSB- pʰ -RSB- are considered allophones of a single phoneme , written as / p / . The phonemic transcriptions of the above two words is consequently / spɪn / and / pɪn / , aspiration no longer being shown since it is not distinctive . ", "`` Telephone '' is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga for her third EP , The Fame Monster -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . The song features American singer Beyoncé . The song was written by Gaga , Rodney Jerkins , LaShawn Daniels , Lazonate Franklin and Beyoncé . Inspired by her fear of suffocation , Gaga explained that the lyrics preferring relaxing on the dance floor to answering her lover 's phone call are a metaphor , the phone calling her representing the fear of not having worked hard enough to succeed . Originally , Gaga wrote the song for Britney Spears , who recorded a demo . Musically , `` Telephone '' consists of an expanded bridge , verse-rap and a sampled voice of an operator announcing that the phone line is unreachable . Beyoncé appears in the middle of the song , singing the verses in a rapid-fire way , accompanied by double beats . The song received positive reviews from critics who frequently noted `` Telephone '' as a stand-out track from The Fame Monster . It was Grammy-nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals in 2011 . `` Telephone '' charted in a number of countries due to digital sales following the album 's release , namely in the United States , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Sweden and Hungary . The song was particularly successful in Europe where it reached the top of the charts in Belgium , Denmark , Hungary , Ireland , Norway and the United Kingdom . According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry , the single sold 7.4 million digital copies worldwide in 2010 , making it one of Gaga 's best-selling singles . The accompanying music video is a continuation of the video for her 2009 song , `` Paparazzi '' , and is also shot as a short film . After Gaga gets bailed out of prison by Beyoncé , they go to a diner and poison the guests having breakfast . After the homicide they escape and end up in a high-speed police chase . The video referenced Quentin Tarantino and his films Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- and Kill Bill : Volume 1 -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . The video received generally positive reviews was nominated for three awards at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards , including one for Video of the Year . In January 2015 Billboard named it the best video of the first half of the decade . In memory of Alexander McQueen , Gaga performed an acoustic rendition of `` Telephone '' mixed with `` Dance in the Dark '' at the 2010 BRIT Awards . It was also added to the set list of The Monster Ball Tour in 2010 , the Born This Way Ball in 2012 and ArtRave : The Artpop Ball in 2014 . ", "Call For Action is the name given to telephone `` help lines '' maintained by media outlets in the United States and abroad . The mission of Call For Action is to empower consumers by giving them a voice larger than their own . This is accomplished by volunteers across the country , who are trained to assist consumers through mediation and education in order to resolve problems with businesses , government agencies and other organizations . The services are free , confidential and available to all individuals and small businesses . Call For Action provides broadcast partners with a highly effective , low cost way to serve their community , while generating unique localized content . ", "A mixtape -LRB- also mix-tape or mix tape -RRB- is a home-made compilation of music -LRB- typically copyrighted songs taken from other sources -RRB- recorded in a specific order , traditionally onto a cassette tape , though later replaced by CD or MP3 playlist formats . The songs can be sequential , or by beatmatching the songs and creating overlaps and fades between the end of one song and the beginning of another the tape may become a seamless whole . Compilations may include a selection of favorite songs , or music linked by theme or mood , perhaps tailored to the tape 's intended recipient . Writing in 2004 , essayist Geoffrey O'Brien called the personal mix tape `` perhaps the most widely practiced American art form '' . `` Mixtape '' is also used in hip hop to describe certain types of recordings , typically self-produced and independently released albums that are issued free of charge to gain publicity and/or circumvent possible copyright infringement . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Saturn_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Film", "Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Screenplay", "National_Film_Award_for_Best_Non-Feature_Film_Narration_/_Voice_Over", "National_Film_Award_for_Best_Promotional_Film", "Mainichi_Film_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" ]

[ "The Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film is an award presented to the best film in the fantasy genre by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy & Horror Films . ", "The Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual film awards given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association . ", "The National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Narration / Voice Over is one of the National Film Awards given by Directorate of Film Festivals , India . It is instituted in 2003 and awarded at 51st National Film Awards . Films made in any Indian language shot on 16 mm , 35 mm or in a wider gauge or digital format and released on either film format or video/digital but certified by the Central Board of Film Certification as a documentary/newsreel/fiction are eligible for non-feature film section . ", "The National Film Award for Best Promotional Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals , the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , India . It is one of several awards presented for non-feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal -LRB- Silver Lotus -RRB- . The award was instituted in 1967 , at 15th National Film Awards and awarded annually for short films produced in the year across the country , in all Indian languages . ", "The Mainichi Film Award for Best Cinematography is a film award given at the Mainichi Film Awards . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Battle_of_the_Bastards", "Battlefield_Britain", "Hatfields_&_McCoys_-LRB-miniseries-RRB-", "Doomsday_-LRB-The_Office-RRB-", "The_Heavy_Water_War" ]

[ "`` Battle of the Bastards '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 59th episode overall . It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Miguel Sapochnik . In the North , the armies of the eponymous bastards , Jon Snow -LRB- Kit Harington -RRB- and Ramsay Bolton -LRB- Iwan Rheon -RRB- , face off in a battle for control of Winterfell . The Bolton army defeats most of Jon 's forces , largely composed of Wildlings . However , Sansa Stark -LRB- Sophie Turner -RRB- arrives with Petyr Baelish -LRB- Aidan Gillen -RRB- and the Knights of the Vale and they defeat the remaining Bolton army . Ramsay retreats to Winterfell , where Jon beats him into the mud , locks him in the kennels and Sansa feeds him to his own hounds . In Meereen , Daenerys Targaryen -LRB- Emilia Clarke -RRB- refuses to surrender to the Masters , mounts Drogon and begins burning the Masters ' fleet ; this forces them to surrender . Yara -LRB- Gemma Whelan -RRB- and Theon Greyjoy -LRB- Alfie Allen -RRB- arrive in Meereen and offer their ships to Daenerys , swearing to help her take the Seven Kingdoms . `` Battle of the Bastards '' was praised as one of the series ' best episodes , with several reviewers hailing it as a `` masterpiece '' . Critics described the battle in the North as `` terrifying , gripping and exhilarating '' and Daenerys 's reunion with her dragons at the beginning of the episode as `` thrilling '' . Its eponymous battle took 25 days to film and required 500 extras , 600 crew members and 70 horses . In the United States , the episode had a viewership of 7.66 million in its initial broadcast . It earned Game of Thrones several Primetime Emmy Awards -LRB- including Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Writing -RRB- , and was Harington 's choice to support his nomination for the Outstanding Supporting Actor ; Sapochnik also won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series for the episode . ", "Battlefield Britain is a 2004 BBC television documentary series about famous battles in the history of Great Britain . From Boudicca 's destructive rebellion against the Romans to the incredible feats of The Few who saw off the Luftwaffe , these battles all had wide-reaching consequences and implications for the future of the British isles . The series is presented by father and son team Peter and Dan Snow with Peter explaining the battleplans of the generals while Dan explores the sites to give the perspective of the common soldier , sailors and airmen . The episodes also featured `` interviews '' with soldiers from both sides , re-enactments of the battles and computer generated scenes with bird eye views and blocks to show troop movement . In Australia , all eight episodes aired on SBS TV in its As It Happened history timeslot each Saturday at 7:30 pm from 22 January until 12 March 2005 . ", "Hatfields & McCoys is a 2012 American three-part television miniseries based on the Hatfield -- McCoy feud produced by History channel . Each episode aired for two hours on May 28 , 29 , and 30 , 2012 . ", "`` Doomsday '' is the sixth episode of the eighth season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's 158th episode overall . The episode aired on NBC in the United States on November 3 , 2011 . `` Doomsday '' was written by Daniel Chun and directed by Troy Miller . The episode guest stars Ameenah Kaplan . The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In the episode , Dwight Schrute -LRB- Rainn Wilson -RRB- programs a device that will fire all of the employees and effectively close down the branch if they make too many mistakes . Meanwhile , Gabe Lewis -LRB- Zach Woods -RRB- attempts to court the new warehouse worker , Val . `` Doomsday '' received mixed reviews from critics , with some reviews critiquing the episode 's resolution . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode was viewed by 6.15 million viewers and received a 3.2 rating/8 % share among adult between the ages of 18 and 49 , marking an increase in the ratings from the previous episode . The episode ranked third in its time slot and was the highest-rated NBC show of the night . ", "The Heavy Water War -LRB- original title Kampen om tungtvannet and alternative title The Saboteurs -LRB- UK -RRB- -RRB- is a six-episode war drama TV miniseries produced by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation . It is a Norwegian/Danish/British co-production , directed by that tells about the German nuclear weapon project and the heavy water sabotage in Norway to disrupt it during the Second World War , with a particular emphasis on the role of Leif Tronstad . The first two episodes were initially broadcast on NRK1 , on 4 January 2015 . The opening episodes had 1,259,000 viewers , which was a record for the opening of a drama series in Norway . In Denmark , the initial broadcast was on 4 May 2015 on TV 2 titled Kampen om det tunge vand . In the UK , the miniseries , retitled The Saboteurs , was aired by More4 from 19 June 2015 , received to good critical reception . The series was released in the UK on DVD and Blu-ray on 10 August 2015 . In Poland the show premiered on 15 January 2016 on VOD to very good reviews . Viewing rights for France were bought by Entertainment One , for Benelux by Lumiere , for Spain by A Contracorriente , for Poland by Kino Swiat and for the Balkans by Stas Media . Viewing rights for the US were bought by MHz Networks , which announced a DVD release date of 8 March 2016 . Netflix currently -LRB- May 2016 -RRB- offers the series to its online streaming subscribers . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "The_Maze_Runner_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Kaya_Scodelario", "Midnight_Run", "Jonah_Hill", "Reva_Shayne" ]

[ "The Maze Runner is a 2014 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film directed by Wes Ball , in his directorial debut , based on James Dashner 's 2009 novel of the same name . The film is the first installment in The Maze Runner film series and was produced by Ellen Goldsmith-Vein , Wyck Godfrey , Marty Bowen , and Lee Stollman with a screenplay by Noah Oppenheim , Grant Pierce Myers and T.S. Nowlin . The film stars Dylan O'Brien , Kaya Scodelario , Aml Ameen , Thomas Brodie-Sangster , Ki Hong Lee , Will Poulter , and Patricia Clarkson . The story follows sixteen-year-old Thomas , portrayed by O'Brien , who awakens in a rusty elevator with no memory of who he is , only to learn he 's been delivered to the middle of an intricate maze , along with a large number of other boys , who have been trying to find their way out of the ever-changing labyrinth -- all while establishing a functioning society in what they call the Glade . Development of The Maze Runner began in January 2011 when Fox purchased the film rights to Dashner 's novel with film studios Temple Hill Entertainment and TSG Entertainment . Principal photography began in Baton Rouge , Louisiana on May 13 , 2013 and officially concluded on July 12 , 2013 . The Maze Runner was released on September 19 , 2014 in the United States by 20th Century Fox . The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics , who considered it better than most young adult book-to-film adaptations , though the ending and the lack of plot clarity received some criticism . The film was also a commercial success , as it topped the box-office during its opening weekend with a $ 32.5 million debut , making it the seventh-highest grossing debut in September . The film earned over $ 348 million worldwide at the box-office , against its budget of $ 34 million . A sequel , Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials , was released on September 18 , 2015 in the United States . ", "Kaya Scodelario-Davis -LRB- born Kaya Rose Humphrey ; March 13 , 1992 -RRB- is an English actress . She made her acting debut as Effy Stonem on the E4 teen drama Skins -LRB- 2007-2010 -RRB- , for which she received recognition and critical praise , garnering two Golden Nymph Award nominations for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and two TV Quick Award nominations for Best Actress . Following her film debut in the science-fiction film Moon -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and a role in the fantasy adventure film Clash of the Titans -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Scodelario was nominated for the Glamour Award for PANDORA Breakthrough for her portrayal of Catherine Earnshaw in the 2011 film adaptation of Emily Brontë 's novel Wuthering Heights . In 2013 , Scodelario reprised the role of Effy in Skins Fire , and gained the supporting role of Anna Salter in the Channel 4 television drama Southcliffe -LRB- 2013 -RRB- ; she was nominated for both for the UK TV Actress Award at the 2014 GLAMOUR Women of the Year Awards . She gained wider recognition for her starring role as Teresa Agnes in dystopian science-fiction thriller The Maze Runner -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , which garnered her a third Glamour Award nomination for NEXT Breakthrough and a Teen Choice Award nomination for Choice Movie Actress : Action . She reprised the role in Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and will reprise it again in Maze Runner : The Death Cure -LRB- 2018 -RRB- . Scodelario starred as Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales , which was released May 26 , 2017 . Since 2015 , Scodelario has been married to American actor Benjamin Walker , with whom she has a son . ", "Midnight Run is a 1988 American action comedy film directed by Martin Brest and starring Robert De Niro and Charles Grodin . Yaphet Kotto , John Ashton , Dennis Farina , Joe Pantoliano and Philip Baker Hall play supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , the film was followed by three made for television sequels in 1994 , which did not feature any of the principal actors , although a few characters are carried over from the first film . ", "Jonah Hill Feldstein -LRB- born December 20 , 1983 -RRB- , better known as Jonah Hill , is an American actor , producer , screenwriter and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films such as Accepted -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Grandma 's Boy -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Superbad -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Knocked Up -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Forgetting Sarah Marshall -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Get Him to the Greek -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , 21 Jump Street -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , This Is the End -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , 22 Jump Street -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and War Dogs -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , as well as his performances in Moneyball -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and The Wolf of Wall Street -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street and Sausage Party -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , all of which he also starred in . ", "Reva Shayne is a fictional character on the long-running CBS daytime soap opera Guiding Light played by four-time Daytime Emmy Award winner Kim Zimmer from November 28 , 1983 to July 1990 and April 14 , 1995 until the show 's final episode on September 18 , 2009 . Zimmer has become such a celebrated performer that she is often considered to be an `` icon '' in the daytime drama industry . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Caleb_McLaughlin", "Carman_George_Blough", "Caleb_Calvert", "Mike_Claytor", "Eaton_Stannard" ]

[ "Caleb McLaughlin -LRB- born October 13 , 2001 -RRB- is an American actor . He began his career on the Broadway stage as Young Simba in the musical The Lion King . Since 2016 , he has portrayed Lucas Sinclair in the Netflix science fiction drama series Stranger Things . Industry reports have confirmed that he will return in Season 2 . In 2017 , McLaughlin appeared in the BET miniseries The New Edition Story as Ricky Bell . ", "Carman George Blough -LRB- November 11 , 1895 - March 9 , 1981 -RRB- was an American accountant , Professor of Accounting , and civil servant . He is described as `` one of the most influential ` high priests ' of the profession in the Twentieth Century . '' He was inducted into the Accounting Hall of Fame in 1954 . ", "Caleb Calvert -LRB- born October 22 , 1996 -RRB- is an American soccer player who currently plays for Charlotte Independence on loan from Colorado Rapids in Major League Soccer . ", "Michael A. Claytor -LRB- b. 1952 -RRB- is an American accountant , attorney , and politician . Claytor was the Democratic candidate for Indiana State Auditor during the 2014 election cycle , losing the race to Republican Suzanne Crouch . Prior to entering the race for Auditor , Claytor , a licensed CPA , worked for 15 years at the Indiana State Board of Accounts , where he served as Deputy Chief Examiner before transitioning to a career in the private sector and becoming a partner at Crowe Horwath LLP . He retired from the private sector in 2012 . Claytor worked as treasurer for the gubernatorial campaign of former state representative John Gregg . ", "Eaton Stannard -LRB- 1685-1755 -RRB- was a leading politician and lawyer in eighteenth-century Ireland . He was a popular Recorder of Dublin , an unpopular Serjeant-at-law -LRB- Ireland -RRB- , and an experienced parliamentarian who represented Midleton in the Irish House of Commons for many years . He is mainly remembered now as a close friend of Jonathan Swift , whose last known letter was written to him . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Yemen", "Sana'a", "Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Saudi_Arabia", "Aden", "Socotra_Governorate" ]

[ "Yemen -LRB- -LSB- ˈjɛmən -RSB- اليَمَن -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Yemen , is an Arab country in Western Asia , occupying South Arabia , the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula . Yemen is the second-largest country in the peninsula , occupying 527,970 km2 -LRB- 203,850 sq mi -RRB- . The coastline stretches for about 2,000 km -LRB- 1,200 mi -RRB- . It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north , the Red Sea to the west , the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south , and Oman to the east-northeast . Although Yemen 's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a , the city has been under rebel control since February 2015 . Because of this , Yemen 's capital has been temporarily relocated to the port city of Aden , on the southern coast . Yemen 's territory includes more than 200 islands ; the largest of these is Socotra . Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans -LRB- biblical Sheba -RRB- , a trading state that flourished for over a thousand years and also included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea . In 275 AD , the region came under the rule of the later Jewish-influenced Himyarite Kingdom . Christianity arrived in the fourth century , whereas Judaism and local paganism were already established . Islam spread quickly in the seventh century and Yemenite troops were crucial in the expansion of the early Islamic conquests . Administration of Yemen has long been notoriously difficult . Several dynasties emerged from the ninth to 16th centuries , the Rasulid dynasty being the strongest and most prosperous . The country was divided between the Ottoman and British empires in the early twentieth century . The Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established after World War I in North Yemen before the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962 . South Yemen remained a British protectorate known as the Aden Protectorate until 1967 when it became an independent state and later , a Marxist state . The two Yemeni states united to form the modern republic of Yemen in 1990 . Yemen is a developing country , and the poorest country in the Middle East . Under the rule of President Ali Abdullah Saleh , Yemen was described as a kleptocracy . According to the 2009 international corruption Perception Index by Transparency International , Yemen ranked 164 out of 182 countries surveyed . In the absence of strong state institutions , elite politics in Yemen constituted a de facto form of collaborative governance , where competing tribal , regional , religious , and political interests agreed to hold themselves in check through tacit acceptance of the balance it produced . The informal political settlement was held together by a power-sharing deal between three men : president Ali Abdullah Saleh , who controlled the state ; Major General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar , who controlled the largest share of the Republic of Yemen Armed Forces ; and Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar , figurehead of the Islamist Islah party and Saudi Arabia 's chosen broker of transnational patronage payments to various political players , including tribal sheikhs . The Saudi payments have been intended to facilitate the tribes ' autonomy from the Yemeni government and to give the Saudi government a mechanism with which to weigh in on Yemen 's political decision-making . Yemen has been in a state of political crisis since 2011 , starting with street protests against poverty , unemployment , corruption , and president Saleh 's plan to amend Yemen 's constitution and eliminate the presidential term limit , in effect making him president for life . President Saleh stepped down and the powers of the presidency were transferred to Vice President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi , who was formally elected president on 21 February 2012 in a one-man election . The transitional process was disrupted by conflicts between the Houthis and al-Islah , as well as the al-Qaeda insurgency . In September 2014 , the Houthis took over Sana'a , later declaring themselves in control of the government in a coup d'état . Since then , a Saudi-led intervention has taken place , however , it could not stop the civil war . The Saudi-led intervention has caused massive damage to Yemeni infrastructure and has resulted in the bombing of hospitals and funeral processions among other civilian targets . ", "Sana'a -LRB- also spelled Sanaa or Sana ; صنعاء -LSB- sˤɑnʕaːʔ -RSB- , Yemeni Arabic : -LSB- ˈsˤɑnʕɑ -RSB- -RRB- is the largest city in Yemen and the centre of Sana'a Governorate . The city is not part of the Governorate , but forms the separate administrative district of `` Amanat Al-Asemah '' . Under the Yemeni constitution , Sana'a is the capital of the country , although the seat of the internationally recognised government moved to Aden in the aftermath of the 2014 -- 15 Yemeni coup d'état . Aden was declared as the temporary capital by President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi in March 2015 . Sana'a is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world . At an elevation of 2300 m , it is also one of the highest capital cities in the world . Sana'a has a population of approximately 1,937,500 -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , making it Yemen 's largest city . The old city of Sana'a , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , has a distinctive visual character due to its unique architectural characteristics , most notably expressed in its multi-storey buildings decorated with geometric patterns . In the conflict that raged in 2015 , bombs hit UNESCO sites . Located here is the Great Mosque of Sana'a , the largest in the city . ", "Abdul Rajak mansuri This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Saudi Arabia , formerly known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd until 22 September 1932 . The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd had been separate countries until the mid-1920s . Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab country of the Middle East . It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq on the north and northeast , Kuwait , Qatar , Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east , Oman on the southeast , and Yemen on the south . The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west . It has an estimated population of 28 million , and its size is approximately 2149690 km2 . ", "Aden -LRB- -LSB- ˈeɪdən -RSB- , -LSB- ˈɑːdɛn -RSB- ; عدن Yemeni pronunciation : -LSB- ˈʕæden , ˈʕædæn -RSB- -RRB- is a port city in Yemen , located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea -LRB- the Gulf of Aden -RRB- , some 170 km east of Bab-el-Mandeb . Its population is approximately 800,000 people . Aden 's ancient , natural harbour lies in the crater of a dormant volcano which now forms a peninsula , joined to the mainland by a low isthmus . This harbour , Front Bay , was first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the 5th and 7th centuries BC . The modern harbor is on the other side of the peninsula . Aden gives its name to the Gulf of Aden . Aden consists of a number of distinct sub-centers : Crater , the original port city ; Ma'alla , the modern port ; Tawahi , known as `` Steamer Point '' in the colonial period ; and the resorts of Gold Mohur . Khormaksar , located on the isthmus that connects Aden proper with the mainland , includes the city 's diplomatic missions , the main offices of Aden University , and Aden International Airport -LRB- the former British Royal Air Force station RAF Khormaksar -RRB- , Yemen 's second biggest airport . On the mainland are the sub-centers of Sheikh Othman , a former oasis area ; Al-Mansura , a town planned by the British ; and Madinat ash-Sha ' b -LRB- formerly Madinat al-Itihad -RRB- , the site designated as the capital of the South Arabian Federation and now home to a large power/desalinization facility and additional faculties of Aden University . Aden encloses the eastern side of a vast , natural harbor that comprises the modern port . The volcanic peninsula of Little Aden forms a near-mirror image , enclosing the harbor and port on the western side . Little Aden became the site of the oil refinery and tanker port . Both were established and operated by British Petroleum until they were turned over to Yemeni government ownership and control in 1978 . Aden was the capital of the People 's Democratic Republic of Yemen until that country 's unification with the Yemen Arab Republic in 1990 , and again briefly served as Yemen 's temporary capital during the aftermath of the 2014 -- 15 Yemeni coup d'état , as declared by President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi after he fled the Houthi occupation of Sana'a . From March to July 2015 , the Battle of Aden raged between Houthis and loyalists to President Hadi . Water , food , and medical supplies ran short in the city . On 14 July , the Saudi Army launched an offensive to retake Aden for Hadi 's government . Within three days the Houthis had been removed from the city . ", "Socotra Archipelago or Suqutra is one of the governorates of Yemen . It is composed of the archipelago of Socotra . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Andrea_Pirlo", "Andrea_Bianchimano", "Andrea_Viviano", "Giancarlo_Marocchi", "Andrea_Arrighini" ]

[ "Andrea Pirlo , Ufficiale OMRI -LRB- born 19 May 1979 -RRB- is an Italian professional footballer who plays for American club New York City FC and the Italy national team . Pirlo is usually deployed as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield for both his club and national sides , and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest ever exponents of this position , due to his vision , ball control , creativity and passing ability ; he is also a free-kick specialist . Pirlo began his club career as an attacking midfielder with his home-town side Brescia , where he later helped the team to win the Serie B title and obtain Serie A promotion in 1997 . His promising performances led to a move to Internazionale in 1998 , but he struggled to gain playing time at his new club , due to his lack of pace , as well as heavy competition with other players in his position , and was subsequently sent on loan in 1999 . Despite successful spells with Reggina , and Brescia once again , Pirlo was still unable to break into Inter 's starting line-up , and was sold to cross-city rivals Milan in 2001 . At Milan , manager Carlo Ancelotti decided to shift Pirlo in front of the defence as a deep-lying playmaker , which allowed him more time on the ball to orchestrate his team 's attacks . Pirlo excelled in his new role , and soon developed into a world-class midfielder , playing a key role in Milan 's subsequent successes , as he won two UEFA Champions Leagues -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two UEFA Super Cups -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two Serie A titles -LRB- 2004 and 2011 -RRB- , a FIFA Club World Cup -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a Supercoppa Italiana -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2003 -RRB- with the club . After joining Juventus on a free transfer in 2011 , who had gone trophyless since 2003 , he added four more Serie A titles -LRB- 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2015 -RRB- , which he won consecutively , as well as two Supercoppa Italiana titles -LRB- 2012 and 2013 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . After playing in Italy for over 20 seasons , Pirlo joined MLS expansion side New York City FC in 2015 , helping the team to reach the playoffs in his second season . At international level , Pirlo is the fourth-most capped player in the history of the Italian national team with 116 caps . He has played for the Italian youth teams at U15 , U18 and U21 level , captaining and leading the latter to victory in the 2000 UEFA European Under-21 Championship as the Golden Player and Top Scorer of the tournament . He joined the Italian senior side in September 2002 and captained the Olympic team to a bronze medal in the 2004 Olympics . Later , he was instrumental in their victory in the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He was named Man of the Match three times , including the final , more than any other player in the tournament , and ultimately won the Bronze Ball -LRB- awarded to the third best player of the tournament -RRB- also being elected to the Team of the Tournament . He was also elected as part of the UEFA Euro 2012 Team of the Tournament , after leading Italy to the final , winning three Man of the Match awards in the process , the most of any player along with Andrés Iniesta . He has also represented the Italian senior side at the 2004 and 2008 UEFA European Championships , the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups , and the 2009 and 2013 FIFA Confederations Cups , finishing third in the latter edition in Brazil , where he was also elected to the Team of the Tournament . Pirlo came in third , second , fourth , and third twice more in the IFFHS World Playmaker of the Year awards in 2006 , 2007 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2015 , respectively . He placed fourth in the 2012 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award , and seventh in the 2015 edition . He placed 7th in the 2007 FIFA World Player , 5th in the 2007 Ballon d'Or and 7th in the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or award . He was also named as part of the 2006 FIFPro World XI and the 2012 UEFA Team of the Year . In 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 , Pirlo was also elected as Serie A Footballer of the Year , and was also named as part of the Serie A team of the Year . After helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final , he was named to the squad of the season . In 2012 , Pirlo was named the eighth best footballer in the World by The Guardian , and in 2013 , Bloomberg ranked him the fifth best player in Europe . In 2015 , France Football rated him as one of the 10 best footballers in the world who are over the age of 36 . ", "Andrea Bianchimano -LRB- born 25 December 1996 -RRB- is an Italian professional football striker who plays for Reggina , on loan from Milan . ", "Andrea Viviano was an Italian footballer who played as a forward . He competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics with the Italy national football team . ", "Giancarlo Marocchi -LRB- born 4 July 1965 in Imola -RRB- is a former Italian footballer , who played as a central midfielder . Throughout his club career , he played for Juventus , the club with which he won a Scudetto , two Coppe Italia , one UEFA Champions League , and two UEFA Cups ; he also played for his home-town club Bologna , on two separate occasions . At international level , he represented Italy at the 1990 FIFA World Cup , where they finished in third place on home soil . ", "Andrea Arrighini -LRB- born 6 June 1990 -RRB- is an Italian footballer who plays for Cittadella , on loan from Avellino . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "People's_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Band", "Mom_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Okay,_Mother", "Nickelodeon_Australian_Kids'_Choice_Awards_2010", "Ramona_and_Her_Mother" ]

[ "Category : People 's Choice Awards ", "Mom is an American sitcom that premiered on September 23 , 2013 , on CBS . The series was created by Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky , and Gemma Baker and distributed by Warner Bros. . Television . It stars Anna Faris and Allison Janney in lead roles as dysfunctional mother/daughter duo Christy and Bonnie Plunkett . Sadie Calvano , Blake Garrett Rosenthal , Matt L. Jones , Spencer Daniels , Nate Corddry , French Stewart , William Fichtner , Beth Hall , Jaime Pressly and Mimi Kennedy appear in supporting roles . The series has received positive reviews throughout its run . Both Janney and Faris have garnered acclaim for their respective performances and have received numerous accolades with Janney having won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series back to back in 2014 and 2015 . The show has also garnered multiple nominations at the Critics ' Choice Television Awards and the People 's Choice Awards during its run . The show has also received high ratings , which rose from the first to second season with an average viewership of 11.79 million . CBS renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on November 5 , 2015 . On March 25 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a fourth season , which premiered on October 27 , 2016 . On March 23 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a fifth season . ", "Okay , Mother is an American daytime variety/game show which originally aired on WABD in New York City in 1948 . ", "The 8th annual Nickelodeon Australian Kids ' Choice Awards was held on Friday 8 October 2010 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre . Nomination entries closed on 1 August 2010 and the nominees for this year 's season , were revealed on 15 August 2010 . It was also revealed that Jessica Watson received the Nickelodeon Platinum Achievement award . Nickelodeon Australia rebranded during these Awards . The Kids ' Choice Awards was hosted by Liam Hemsworth , Jessica Mauboy and Jerry Trainor . There were live performances by Short Stack , Amy Meredith , Cody Simpson and Justice Crew . ", "Ramona and Her Mother by Beverly Cleary is the fifth book of the popular Ramona series . Mr. Quimby has found another job , though it is one he does not like very much . Ramona finds herself caught between being too young to stay home alone and too old to enjoy playing with pesky Willa Jean . She is trying to grow up , but sometimes it seems like her family is making it harder . Ramona and Her Mother won the 1981 National Book Award . From 1980 to 1983 in National Book Award history there were dual awards for hardcover and paperback books in many categories . Almost all of the paperback award-winners were reprints . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Invisible_Man_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Invisible_Man", "Griffin_-LRB-The_Invisible_Man-RRB-", "Invisible_Kid_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "Hollow_Man" ]

[ "The Invisible Man is an American 1933 Pre-Code science fiction horror film based on H. G. Wells ' science fiction novel The Invisible Man , published in 1897 , as adapted by R.C. Sherriff , Philip Wylie and Preston Sturges , whose work was considered unsatisfactory and who was taken off the project . Produced by Universal Studios , the film was directed by James Whale and stars Claude Rains , in his first American screen appearance , and Gloria Stuart . It spawned a number of sequels , plus many spinoffs using the idea of an `` invisible man '' that were largely unrelated to Wells ' original story . Rains portrayed the Invisible Man -LRB- Dr. Jack Griffin -RRB- mostly only as a disembodied voice . Rains is only shown clearly for a brief time at the end of the film , spending most of his on-screen time covered by bandages . In 2008 The Invisible Man was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' ", "The Invisible Man is a science fiction novella by H. G. Wells . Originally serialized in Pearson 's Weekly in 1897 , it was published as a novel the same year . The Invisible Man of the title is Griffin , a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body 's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible . He successfully carries out this procedure on himself , but fails in his attempt to reverse it . While its predecessors , The Time Machine and The Island of Doctor Moreau , were written using first-person narrators , Wells adopts a third-person objective point of view in The Invisible Man . ", "Dr. Griffin is a fictional character , also known as The Invisible Man , who appears as the titular protagonist in H.G. Wells ' 1897 science fiction novella The Invisible Man . In the original novel , Griffin is a scientist whose research in optics and experiments into changing the human body 's refractive index to that of air results in his becoming invisible . The character has become iconic , particularly in horror fiction , and versions and variations have appeared throughout various media . ", "Invisible Kid is a DC comic book superhero . Invisible Kid may also refer to : Invisible Kid -LRB- Jacques Foccart -RRB- , successor to the DC comic book superhero `` Invisible Kid '' , a song by Metallica on the album St. Anger The Invisible Kid , a 1988 film starring Jay Underwood ", "Hollow Man is a 2000 American-German science fiction horror film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Kevin Bacon , Elisabeth Shue and Josh Brolin . Bacon portrays the title character , a scientist who renders himself invisible and goes on a killing spree , a story inspired by H. G. Wells ' novel The Invisible Man . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Visual Effects in 2001 , but lost to Gladiator . The film is Verhoeven 's most recent American production . In 2013 , Verhoeven remarked to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I decided after Hollow Man , this is a movie , the first movie that I made that I thought I should not have made . It made money and this and that , but it really is not me anymore . I think many other people could have done that . I do n't think many people could have made RoboCop that way , or either Starship Troopers . But Hollow Man , I thought there might have been 20 directors in Hollywood who could have done that . I felt depressed with myself after 2002 . '' It partly contributed in his return to the Netherlands , his home country , where he made Black Book in 2006 , which was considered a return to form . A direct-to-video stand-alone sequel called Hollow Man 2 starring Christian Slater and Peter Facinelli was released in 2006 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Maria_Theresa", "Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg", "Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "Eleonor_Magdalene_of_Neuburg", "Princess_Leopoldina_of_Brazil" ]

[ "Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina -LRB- Maria Theresia -LSB- maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a -RSB- 13 May 1717 -- 29 November 1780 -RRB- was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg . She was the sovereign of Austria , Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , Transylvania , Mantua , Milan , Lodomeria and Galicia , the Austrian Netherlands and Parma . By marriage , she was Duchess of Lorraine , Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress . She started her 40-year reign when her father , Emperor Charles VI , died in October 1740 . Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it . Upon the death of her father , Saxony , Prussia , Bavaria , and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime . Frederick II of Prussia -LRB- who became Maria Theresa 's greatest enemy for most of her reign -RRB- promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession . Over the course of the war , despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy , Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire . Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years ' War . Maria Theresa and her husband , Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor , had eleven daughters , including the Queen of France and Navarre , the Queen of Naples and Sicily , the Duchess of Parma , and five sons , including two Holy Roman Emperors , Joseph II and Leopold II . Of the sixteen children ten survived to adulthood . Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph , both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia , Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled with the counsel of her advisers . She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph 's actions . Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects . Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms , with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten , promoted commerce and the development of agriculture , and reorganised Austria 's ramshackle military , all of which strengthened Austria 's international standing . However , she refused to allow religious pluralism and advocated for the state church and contemporary adversary travelers criticized her regime as bigoted and superstitious . As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars , she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects , but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers . ", "Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg -LRB- 13 June 1672 -- 15 October 1741 -RRB- was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor , the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg , from 1689 until 1728 ; however , because her distant cousin George William , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , conquered the duchy by force in 1689 , she exercised no control over the territory , instead living in her manors in Bohemia . She was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of the last Medici Grand Duke , Gian Gastone . Anna Maria Franziska was the elder surviving daughter of Julius Franz , Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , and Maria Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach . She married Philipp Wilhelm August of the Palatinate in 1690 , with whom she had her only child , Maria Anna , in 1691 . She was widowed in 1693 . Four years later , she married Gian Gastone de ' Medici , a Prince of Tuscany . With her brother-in-law Ferdinando de ' Medici 's death in 1713 , her husband became Tuscany 's heir-apparent . She became Grand Duchess of Tuscany upon the incumbent ruler 's death in 1723 . She was Grand Duchess for fourteen years before being widowed again in 1737 . ", "Charles VI -LRB- 1 October 1685 -- 20 October 1740 ; Karl VI . -RRB- succeeded his elder brother , Joseph I , as Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia -LRB- as Charles II -RRB- , King of Hungary and Croatia -LRB- as Charles III -RRB- , and King of Serbia , Archduke of Austria , etc. , in 1711 . He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain as Charles III following the death of its ruler , and Charles 's relative , Charles II of Spain , in 1700 . He married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , by whom he had his two children : Maria Theresa , born 1717 , the last Habsburg sovereign , and Maria Anna , born 1718 , Governess of the Austrian Netherlands . Four years before the birth of Maria Theresa , faced with his lack of male heirs , Charles provided for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 . The Emperor favoured his own daughters over those of his elder brother and predecessor , Joseph I , in the succession , ignoring the decree he had signed during the reign of his father , Leopold I. Charles sought the other European powers ' approval . They exacted harsh terms : Britain demanded that Austria abolish its overseas trading company . In total , Great Britain , France , Saxony-Poland , the Dutch Republic , Spain , Venice , States of the Church , Prussia , Russia , Denmark , Savoy-Sardinia , Bavaria , and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised the sanction . France , Spain , Saxony-Poland , Bavaria and Prussia later reneged . Charles died in 1740 , sparking the War of the Austrian Succession , which plagued his successor , Maria Theresa , for eight years . ", "Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg -LRB- Eleonore Magdalene Therese ; 6 January 1655 -- 19 January 1720 -RRB- was by birth Countess Palatine of Neuburg and member of the House of Wittelsbach and by marriage Holy Roman Empress , German Queen , Archduchess consort of Austria , Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia as the third and last wife of Leopold I . She was the paternal grandmother of Empress Maria Theresa . One of the most educated and the virtuous women of her time -LRB- she even translated the Bible from Latin to German -RRB- , she took part in the political affairs during the reign of her husband and sons . She served as Interim Regent for a few months in 1711 and was during her rule that was signed the Treaty of Szatmár , which recognized the rights of rule of her descendants in the Kingdom of Hungary . Before her marriage and during her widowhood she led an ascetic and monastic life , being actively involved in charity work . ", "Dona Leopoldina Teresa Francisca Carolina Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga de Bragança e Bourbon -LRB- 13 July 1847 -- 7 February 1871 -RRB- was the daughter of Emperor Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina . Princess of Brazil from birth , Leopoldina renounced her titles by marrying Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , taking the title of Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess of Saxony . The Princess was also second in the line of succession to the throne of the Empire of Brazil , even after the marriage of its older sister , Princess Isabel , due to the latter 's difficulties in generating heirs . After her untimely death , her two eldest sons were recognized as Brazilian princes and heirs presumptive to the crown until Isabel had her first child . From there , it originated the so-called branch of Saxe-Coburg and Braganza , of the Imperial House of Brazil . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "The_Good_German", "Extremely_Loud_&_Incredibly_Close_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Two_Good_Comrades", "Die_Supernasen", "Wozzeck_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "The Good German is a 2006 film adaptation of Joseph Kanon 's eponymous 2001 novel . It was directed by Steven Soderbergh , and stars George Clooney , Cate Blanchett , and Tobey Maguire . Set in Berlin following the Allied victory over the Nazis , it begins as a murder mystery but weaves in elements involving the American postwar employment of Nazi rocket scientists in Operation Paperclip . The film was shot in black-and-white and is designed to imitate the appearance of film noir from the 1940s , although it also includes material -- such as sex scenes and swearing -- that would have been prohibited by the Production Code . Its poster is an homage to the poster for the classic film Casablanca -LRB- 1942 , also a Warner Bros. film -RRB- , as is the closing scene at an airport . The DVD release presents the film in the 1.33:1 aspect ratio which declined in use from about 1953 , though the theatrical release used the slightly more modern but still unusual 1.66:1 ratio . The film received mixed reviews and grossed $ 5.9 million worldwide against a budget of $ 32 million . ", "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close is a 2011 American drama film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Jonathan Safran Foer , directed by Stephen Daldry and written by Eric Roth . It stars Thomas Horn , Tom Hanks , Sandra Bullock , Max von Sydow , Viola Davis , John Goodman , Jeffrey Wright , and Zoe Caldwell . Production took place in New York City . The film had a limited release in the United States on December 25 , 2011 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , and a wide release on January 20 , 2012 . Despite mixed reviews , the film was nominated for two Academy Awards , Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for von Sydow . The film earned $ 55.2 million . The film was released in Blu-ray , DVD , and digital download formats in Region 1 on March 27 , 2012 . ", "Two Good Comrades -LRB- German : Zwei gute Kameraden -RRB- is a 1933 German war comedy film directed by Max Obal and starring Paul Hörbiger , Fritz Kampers and Jessie Vihrog . The film 's art direction was by Robert A. Dietrich and Bruno Lutz . ", "Die Supernasen is a 1983 West German comedy film featuring Thomas Gottschalk and Mike Krüger . The name of the movie , `` The Supernoses '' , refers to the fact that both of them have big noses . The two have worked together in several very popular movies . They were mostly college-movies in a German setting - two naughty young men in Bavaria , with lots of beautiful girls and funny complications . Their current popularity keeps their old films alive , like this film , Die Supernasen . ", "Wozzeck is a 1947 German drama film directed by Georg C. Klaren and starring Kurt Meisel , Max Eckard and Helga Zülch . The film 's sets were designed by Bruno Monden and Hermann Warm . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Raven_-LRB-2012_film-RRB-", "Under_the_Black_Eagle", "Blue_Skies_Again_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Twilight_-LRB-2008_film-RRB-", "Merlin_and_the_Book_of_Beasts" ]

[ "The Raven is a 2012 American psychological thriller drama film directed by James McTeigue , produced by Marc D. Evans , Trevor Macy and Aaron Ryder and written by Ben Livingston and Hannah Shakespeare . It stars John Cusack , Alice Eve , Brendan Gleeson and Luke Evans . Set in 1849 , it is a fictionalized account of the last days of Edgar Allan Poe 's life , in which the poet and author pursues a serial killer whose murders mirror those in Poe 's stories . While the plot of the film is fictional , the writers based it on some accounts of real situations surrounding Edgar Allan Poe 's mysterious death . Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name `` Reynolds '' on the night before his death , though it is unclear to whom he was referring . The title derives from Poe 's poem `` The Raven '' , in the similar manner of the earlier unrelated 1935 and 1963 films . It was released in Canada , Ireland , and the United Kingdom on March 9 , 2012 and in the United States on April 27 , 2012 . It was a moderate commercial success , receiving $ 1.7 million more than its budget , but garnering near-negative reviews , with the visual effects and score by Lucas Vidal praised , but the performances and plot twists criticized . ", "Under the Black Eagle is a 1928 American drama silent film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and written by Norman Houston , Bradley King and Madeleine Ruthven . The film stars Ralph Forbes , Marceline Day , Bert Roach , William Fairbanks and Marc McDermott . The film was released on March 24 , 1928 , by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . ", "Blue Skies Again is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Richard Michaels and written by Kevin Sellers . The film stars Harry Hamlin , Mimi Rogers , Kenneth McMillan , Robyn Barto , Dana Elcar and Joseph Gian . The film was by Warner Bros. released on April 29 , 1983 . ", "Twilight is a 2008 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer 's popular novel of the same name . Directed by Catherine Hardwicke , the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson . It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series . This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan -LRB- a teenage girl -RRB- and Edward Cullen -LRB- a vampire -RRB- , and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a coven of evil vampires . The project was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures , during which time a screen adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was written . Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the novel after three years of the project 's stagnant development . Melissa Rosenberg wrote a new adaptation of the novel shortly before the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike and sought to be faithful to the novel 's storyline . Principal photography took 44 days and completed on May 2 , 2008 ; the film was primarily shot in Oregon . Twilight was theatrically released on November 21 , 2008 ; it grossed over US$ 393 million worldwide . It was released on DVD March 21 , 2009 and became the most purchased DVD of the year . The soundtrack was released on November 4 , 2008 . Following the film 's success , New Moon and Eclipse , the next two novels in the series , were produced as films the following year . ", "Merlin and the Book of Beasts is a 2010 Sci Fi Pictures original film . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Fuller_House_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "The_Suite_Life_of_Zack_&_Cody", "The_Loud_House", "The_Suite_Life_on_Deck", "Home_-LRB-Angel-RRB-" ]

[ "Fuller House is an American family sitcom and sequel to the 1987 -- 95 television series Full House , airing as a Netflix original series . It was created by Jeff Franklin , and is produced by Jeff Franklin Productions and Miller-Boyett Productions in association with Warner Horizon Television . The series centers around D.J. Tanner-Fuller , a veterinarian and widowed mother of three sons , whose sister and best friend -- the mother to a teenage daughter -- provide support in her sons ' upbringings by moving in with her . Most of the original series ensemble cast have reprised their roles on Fuller House , either as regular cast members or in guest appearances , with the exception of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen , who alternated in the role of Michelle Tanner on Full House . Netflix ordered an initial 13 episodes which were released on February 26 , 2016 worldwide . On March 2 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a second season , and production for the second season began on May 5 , 2016 . Thirteen new episodes were ordered and were released on December 9 , 2016 . On December 24 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season that will be released in 2017 , and on December 31 , 2016 , creator Jeff Franklin confirmed the season was given an 18-episode order . Production for the third season began on March 18 , 2017 . ", "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan . The series was first broadcast on Disney Channel on March 18 , 2005 , with 4 million viewers , making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel in 2005 . It was one of their first five shows available on the iTunes Store . The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Award three times . The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC . The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin -LRB- Dylan and Cole Sprouse -RRB- , troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel . The series ' other main characters include the Tipton hotel 's ditzy heiress London Tipton -LRB- Brenda Song -RRB- , the hotel 's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick -LRB- Ashley Tisdale -RRB- , the manager , Mr. Marion Moseby -LRB- Phill Lewis -RRB- , and the boys ' single mother who is also the Hotel 's lounge singer , Carey Martin -LRB- Kim Rhodes -RRB- . The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes , after That 's So Raven and Kim Possible . Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD app . Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14 , 2017 . The Suite Life spawned a sequel series , also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody , called The Suite Life on Deck , which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011 . A TV movie based on both series , The Suite Life Movie , premiered on Disney Channel on March 25 , 2011 . ", "The Loud House is an American animated television series created by animator and comic illustrator Chris Savino for Nickelodeon . The series revolves around the chaotic everyday life of a boy named Lincoln Loud , who is the middle child and only son in a large family of eleven children . It is set in a fictional town in Michigan called Royal Woods . The series was pitched to the network in 2013 as a two-minute short film entered in the annual Animated Shorts Program . It was greenlighted for production the following year . Episodes are produced at Nickelodeon Animation Studio in Burbank , California and animated by the Canadian studio Jam Filled Toronto . The series is based on Savino 's own childhood growing up in a large family , and its animation is largely influenced by newspaper comic strips . Nickelodeon first released two preview episodes of The Loud House to its website in April 2016 . The show officially premiered on May 2 , 2016 . Two seasons have since been broadcast , and a third is currently in development . Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies announced in March 2017 that the program will be adapted into a theatrical feature film , with a planned release date of February 7 , 2020 . The Loud House has gained high ratings since its debut , becoming the number-one children 's animated series on American television within its first month on the air . The show received widespread attention and a nomination at the 28th GLAAD Media Awards for its introduction of Howard and Harold McBride , two supporting characters who are a same-sex couple . In May 2017 , the show 's main characters were featured on the front cover of Variety as an example of cultural and ethnic diversity impacting television programs . ", "The Suite Life on Deck is an American sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26 , 2008 to May 6 , 2011 . It is a sequel/spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody . The series follows twin brothers Zack and Cody Martin and hotel heiress London Tipton in a new setting , the SS Tipton , where they attend classes at `` Seven Seas High School '' and meet Bailey Pickett while Mr. Moseby manages the ship . The ship travels around the world to nations such as Italy , France , Greece , India , Sweden and the United Kingdom where the characters experience different cultures , adventures , and situations . The series ' pilot aired in the UK on September 19 , 2008 , and in U.S. markets on September 26 , 2008 . The series premiere on the Disney Channel in the U.S. drew 5.7 million viewers , and it became the most watched series premiere in Canada on the Family Channel . The show was also TV 's No. 1 series in Kids 6 -- 11 and No. 1 scripted series in tweens 9 -- 14 in 2008 , outpacing veteran series Hannah Montana and Wizards of Waverly Place in the ratings . On October 19 , 2009 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season , which began production in January 2010 and debuted on July 2 , 2010 . The series is also 2009 's top rated scripted series in the children and tween demographic -LRB- 6 -- 14 -RRB- . The series has been broadcast in more than 30 countries worldwide , and was shot at Hollywood Center Studios in Los Angeles -LRB- as was the original series -RRB- . The series was taped in front of a live studio audience , though a laugh track is used for some scenes . The series is the second spin-off of a Disney Channel series -LRB- after the short-lived That 's So Raven spinoff Cory in the House -RRB- ; as well as the last Disney Channel series to debut broadcasting exclusively in standard definition , and the first of three Disney Channel shows to transition from standard definition to high definition , which occurred on August 7 , 2009 with the season 2 premiere , `` The Spy Who Shoved Me , '' and the third multi-camera comedy -LRB- after Sonny with a Chance and Jonas -RRB- to utilize a filmized appearance instead of the Filmlook appearance that was used in the first season . On March 25 , 2011 , a film based on The Suite Life on Deck and its parent series titled The Suite Life Movie aired on the Disney Channel . The series ' forty-minute finale episode , `` Graduation on Deck '' , aired on Disney Channel on May 6 , 2011 , officially ending the series . ", "`` Home '' is episode 22 of season 4 in the television show Angel . Written and directed by Tim Minear , it was originally broadcast on May 7 , 2003 on the WB network . In the Season Four finale , Connor -- having defeated Jasmine in the previous episode -- plans to blow himself up with a comatose Cordelia and other hostages , while an undead Lilah Morgan offers Angel Investigations control of the Wolfram & Hart L.A. branch . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Keegan-Michael_Key", "The_Paper_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Key_&_Peele", "Michael_Keaton", "Kellyanne_Conway" ]

[ "Keegan-Michael Key -LRB- born March 22 , 1971 -RRB- is an American actor , comedian , writer , and producer . He starred in the Comedy Central sketch series Key & Peele and co-stars in the USA Network comedy series Playing House . He spent six seasons as a cast member on MADtv and has made several guest appearances on Whose Line is it Anyway ? . In 2014 , he also starred in the first season of the FX series Fargo and had a recurring role on the sixth and seventh season of the NBC series Parks and Recreation . He has had supporting roles in several films , including Let 's Be Cops , Tomorrowland and Pitch Perfect 2 . In 2015 , Key appeared at the White House Correspondents ' Dinner as the character Luther , President Barack Obama 's anger translator . In 2016 , he produced and starred in Keanu -LRB- 2016 -RRB- with his Key & Peele co-star Jordan Peele . He also hosted the show Planet 's Funniest Animals on Animal Planet . ", "The Paper is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton , Glenn Close , Marisa Tomei , Randy Quaid and Robert Duvall . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for `` Make Up Your Mind '' , which was written and performed by Randy Newman . The film depicts a hectic 24 hours in a newspaper editor 's professional and personal life . The main story of the day is the murder of a couple of visiting businessmen . The reporters discover evidence suggesting a police cover-up of evidence of the suspects ' innocence , and rush to scoop the story in the midst of professional , private and financial chaos . ", "Key & Peele is an American sketch comedy television series created by Keegan-Michael Key and Jordan Peele for Comedy Central . Both Key and Peele previously worked on MADtv . Each episode of the show consists mainly of several pre-taped skits starring the two actors . The sketches cover a variety of societal topics , often with a focus on American popular culture , ethnic stereotypes , and race relations . Key & Peele premiered on January 31 , 2012 and ended on September 9 , 2015 , with a total of 53 episodes , over the course of five seasons . A special entitled `` Key & Peele 's Super Bowl Special '' aired on January 30 , 2015 . Key & Peele won a Peabody Award and two Primetime Emmy Awards and has been nominated for various other awards , including Writers Guild Award , NAACP Image Award and 16 additional Primetime Emmy Awards in various categories . ", "Michael John Douglas -LRB- born September 5 , 1951 -RRB- , known professionally as Michael Keaton , is an American actor , producer and director . He first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Mr. Mom -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Johnny Dangerously -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and Beetlejuice -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of the title character in Tim Burton 's Batman -LRB- 1989 -RRB- and Batman Returns -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Since then , he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films ; such as Clean and Sober -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , The Dream Team -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Pacific Heights -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Much Ado About Nothing -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , My Life -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , The Paper -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Multiplicity -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Jackie Brown -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Herbie : Fully Loaded -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Other Guys -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Need for Speed -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , RoboCop -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Spotlight -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and The Founder -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , and he has also provided voices for characters in animated films such as Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Toy Story 3 -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and Minions -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . In 2017 , Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillain the Vulture in Spider-Man : Homecoming . Keaton 's lead performance in Birdman or -LRB- The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance -RRB- -LRB- 2014 -RRB- earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , the Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy , and nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award , British Academy Film Award , and Academy Award for Best Actor . He previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals . On January 18 , 2016 , he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France . He is also a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University . </span> ", "Kellyanne Elizabeth Conway -LRB- née Fitzpatrick ; born January 20 , 1967 -RRB- is the current Counselor to U.S. president Donald Trump . She has been a Republican Party campaign manager , strategist , and pollster , and was formerly president and CEO of The Polling Company Inc. / Woman Trend . In 2016 , Conway endorsed Ted Cruz in the Republican presidential primaries and chaired a pro-Cruz political action committee , Keep the Promise I , which ran advertisements critical of then Republican candidate Donald Trump . That July , Cruz had withdrawn from the race , and Trump appointed Conway as a senior advisor and later campaign manager to his campaign . She was the first woman to run a successful presidential campaign . On December 22 , 2016 , Trump announced that Conway would join his administration as Counselor to the President , serving alongside Steve Bannon , assistant to the President and White House chief strategist . Since Trump 's inauguration , Conway has been embroiled in a series of controversies , including using the phrase `` alternative facts '' , making reference to a `` Bowling Green massacre '' that never occurred , claiming Michael Flynn had the full confidence of the president hours before he was dismissed , and publicly endorsing commercial products associated with the president 's daughter Ivanka Trump . As a result , a number of media outlets have called her credibility into question , with some refusing her requests for one-on-one interviews . According to Joe Scarborough and Mika Brzezinski , she is privately `` disgusted '' by her job and Donald Trump , and her words do not reflect her actual beliefs - though Conway disputed the claim . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Military_deception", "Military_campaign", "Ditch_-LRB-fortification-RRB-", "List_of_attack_aircraft", "Hammer_and_anvil" ]

[ "Military deception refers to attempts to mislead enemy forces during warfare . This is usually achieved by creating or amplifying an artificial fog of war via psychological operations , information warfare , visual deception and other methods . As a form of strategic use of information -LRB- disinformation -RRB- , it overlaps with psychological warfare . To the degree that any enemy that falls for the deception will lose confidence when it is revealed , he may hesitate when confronted with the truth . Deception in warfare dates back to early history . The Art of War , an ancient Chinese military treatise , puts great emphasis on the tactic . In modern times military deception has developed as a fully fledged doctrine . Misinformation and visual deception were employed during World War I and came into even greater prominence during World War II . In the buildup to the 1944 invasion of Normandy the Allies executed one of the largest deceptions in military history , Operation Bodyguard , helping them achieve full tactical surprise . ", "In the military sciences , the term military campaign applies to large scale , long duration , significant military strategy plan incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war . The term derives from the plain of Campania , a place of annual wartime operations by the armies of the Roman Republic . ", "A ditch in military engineering is an obstacle , designed to slow down or break up an attacking force , while a trench is intended to provide cover to the defenders . In military fortifications the side of a ditch -LRB- or gorge -RRB- farthest from the enemy and closest to the next line of defence is known as the scarp while the side of a ditch closest to the enemy is known as the counterscarp . ", "This is a list of attack aircraft . Attack aircraft are military aircraft used to attack targets on the ground with greater precision than strategic bombers . Modern attack aircraft may be expected to function in high threat environments where enemy air defences preclude the use of strategic bombers . Categories overlap depending on how the specific aircraft is used , along with that of fighters , fighter-bombers , and sometimes even trainers which have often been used for the role , particularly when they were obsolete in their original role . The use of the term attack is primarily an American term as other countries have described identical aircraft variously as light bombers , army cooperation aircraft , close support aircraft and as reconnaissance aircraft though the last term is often used for aircraft not used for such roles . This list is limited to those fixed-wing aircraft that have been built , and does not include projects , might have beens , and napkinwaffe . Dates after each entry are of first flight . ", "The Hammer and Anvil tactic is a military tactic used since the beginning of organized warfare . It was used mostly in the ancient world , including by Alexander the Great . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Two_and_a_Half_Men", "List_of_Two_and_a_Half_Men_characters", "Two_Good_Comrades", "The_Runnin'_Kind", "Jean_Weber" ]

[ "Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22 , 2003 to February 19 , 2015 . Originally starring Charlie Sheen , Jon Cryer , and Angus T. Jones , the series was about a hedonistic jingle writer , Charlie Harper ; his uptight brother Alan ; and Alan 's troublesome son Jake . After Alan divorces , he moves with his son to share Charlie 's beachfront Malibu house and complicates Charlie 's freewheeling life . In 2010 , CBS and Warner Bros. . Television reached a multiyear broadcasting agreement for the series , renewing it through at least the 2011 -- 12 season . In February 2011 , however , CBS and Warner Bros. decided to end production for the rest of the eighth season after Sheen entered drug rehabilitation and made `` disparaging comments '' about the series ' creator and executive producer Chuck Lorre . Sheen 's contract was terminated the following month and he was confirmed not to be returning to the series . Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season as Walden Schmidt , a billionaire who buys Charlie 's house after his death . In April 2013 , CBS renewed the series for an eleventh season after closing one-year deals with Kutcher and Cryer . Jones , who was attending college , was relegated to recurring status for season 11 , but never made an appearance until the series finale . He was replaced by Jenny -LRB- Amber Tamblyn -RRB- , Charlie 's previously unknown daughter . In March 2014 , CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season , which was later announced to be the series ' last . The season began airing in October 2014 and concluded in February 2015 with the 40-minute series finale `` Of Course He 's Dead '' . The success of the series led to it being the fourth-highest revenue-generating program for 2012 , earning $ 3.24 million an episode . ", "The American sitcom Two and a Half Men , created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn , premiered on CBS on September 22 , 2003 . The show initially centers on seven characters : brothers Charlie and Alan Harper ; Jake Harper , the dimwitted son of Alan and his first ex-wife ; Judith Harper-Melnick , Alan 's first ex-wife , Herb 's ex-wife , and Jake and Milly 's mother ; Rose , one of Charlie 's previous one night stands who continuously stalks him ; Evelyn Harper , Charlie and Alan 's wealthy , five time widowed , bisexual mother , and Jake 's grandmother ; and last of all , Berta , Charlie 's sharp-tongued housekeeper , who later joins the main cast starting with season two after playing a major recurring role throughout the first season . In season nine , the show is revamped when Charlie is struck and killed by a moving train . Walden Schmidt replaces him as the new owner of the beach house , a recently divorced internet billionaire . In season eleven , Jake moves to Japan and leaves the series , so to replace `` the half-man '' , Charlie 's long-lost-daughter moves into the beach house after looking for her late father . Over time , several supporting characters have been promoted to starring roles : Berta -LRB- season 1 recurring ; season 2 -- 12 regular -RRB- , Charlie and Alan 's -LRB- and later Walden 's -RRB- sharp-tongued housekeeper ; Kandi -LRB- season 3 recurring ; season 4 regular ; season 10 guest -RRB- , one of Charlie 's former one night stands , and later on , Alan 's second ex-wife ; Chelsea -LRB- season 6 recurring ; season 7 regular ; season 9 guest -RRB- , Charlie 's second most notable love interest -LRB- after Rose -RRB- , and ex-fiancée ; Walden Schmidt -LRB- season 9 -- 12 -RRB- , an internet billionaire who buys Charlie 's beach house after his death ; Jenny -LRB- season 11 -- 12 -RRB- , Charlie 's illegitimate daughter from a one-night stand twenty years before ; last of all , Louis -LRB- season 12 -RRB- , the 6-year-old boy that Walden decides to adopt . The show also features numerous supporting characters , each of whom plays a prominent role in a small group of episodes . ", "Two Good Comrades -LRB- German : Zwei gute Kameraden -RRB- is a 1933 German war comedy film directed by Max Obal and starring Paul Hörbiger , Fritz Kampers and Jessie Vihrog . The film 's art direction was by Robert A. Dietrich and Bruno Lutz . ", "The Runnin ' Kind is a 1989 American comedy film directed by Max Tash and written by Max Tash and Pleasant Gehman . The film stars David Packer , Steven Eckholdt , Larry Cox , Tom Shell , Brie Howard and Richard Manheim . The film was released on September 8 , 1989 , by United Artists . ", "Jean Weber -LRB- 1906 -- 1995 -RRB- was a French film actor . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Monosodium_glutamate", "Imagesetter", "Proton-transfer-reaction_mass_spectrometry", "Daminozide", "Yellow_2G" ]

[ "Monosodium glutamate -LRB- MSG , also known as sodium glutamate -RRB- is the sodium salt of glutamic acid , one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids . Monosodium glutamate is found naturally in tomatoes , cheese and other foods . MSG is used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer with an umami taste that intensifies the meaty , savory flavor of food , as naturally occurring glutamate does in foods such as stews and meat soups . It was first prepared in 1908 by Japanese biochemist Kikunae Ikeda , who was trying to isolate and duplicate the savory taste of kombu , an edible seaweed used as a base for many Japanese soups . MSG as a flavor enhancer balances , blends , and rounds the perception of other tastes . The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has given MSG its generally recognized as safe -LRB- GRAS -RRB- designation . A popular belief is that large doses of MSG can cause headaches and other feelings of discomfort , known as `` Chinese restaurant syndrome , '' but double-blind tests fail to find evidence of such a reaction . The European Union classifies it as a food additive permitted in certain foods and subject to quantitative limits . MSG has the HS code 29224220 and the E number E621 . ", "An imagesetter is an ultra-high resolution large-format computer output device . It exposes rolls or sheets of either photographic film or bromide paper to a laser light source . Once the film or paper is developed , a very high quality black-and-white image is revealed . Development -LRB- processing -RRB- usually occurs in a unit separate to the imagesetter , as does raster image processing . Imagesetter setter output ranges in width , usually 12 to . The resolution of an imagesetter is typically between 1200 and 4800 dpi . The imagesetter has been largely superseded by the platesetter . Imagesetter film is a silver halide-coated plastic film very similar to normal black-and-white photographic film , except the spectral sensitivity is reduced to a much narrower band around the output of the laser of the individual imagesetter . This allows the film to be handled under a -LRB- usually red -RRB- safelight , instead of in total darkness like most photographic film . ", "Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry -LRB- PTR-MS -RRB- is an analytical chemistry technique that uses gas phase hydronium ions as ion source reagents . PTR-MS is used for online monitoring of volatile organic compounds -LRB- VOCs -RRB- in ambient air and was developed in 1995 by scientists at the Institut für Ionenphysik at the Leopold-Franzens University in Innsbruck , Austria . A PTR-MS instrument consists of an ion source that is directly connected to a drift tube -LRB- in contrast to SIFT-MS no mass filter is interconnected -RRB- and an analyzing system -LRB- quadrupole mass analyzer or time-of-flight mass spectrometer -RRB- . Commercially available PTR-MS instruments have a response time of about 100 ms and reach a detection limit in the single digit pptv region . Established fields of application are environmental research , food and flavour science , biological research , medicine , etc. . ", "Daminozide -- also known as Alar , Kylar , B-NINE , DMASA , SADH , or B 995 -- is a plant growth regulator , a chemical sprayed on fruit to regulate their growth , make their harvest easier , and keep apples from falling off the trees before they are ripe . This makes sure they are red and firm for storage . Alar was first approved for use in the U.S. in 1963 , it was primarily used on apples until 1989 when it was voluntarily withdrawn by the manufacturer after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed banning it based on concerns about cancer risks to consumers . It has been produced in the U.S. by the Uniroyal Chemical Company , Inc , -LRB- now integrated into the Chemtura Corporation -RRB- which registered daminozide for use on fruits intended for human consumption in 1963 . In addition to apples and ornamentals , it was also registered for use on cherries , peaches , pears , Concord grapes , tomato transplants and peanut vines . On fruit trees , daminozide affects flow-bud initiation , fruit-set maturity , fruit firmness and coloring , preharvest drop and market quality of fruit at harvest and during storage . In 1989 , it became illegal to use daminozide on food crops in the US , but it is still allowed for use on non-food crops like ornamentals . ", "Yellow 2G is a food coloring denoted by E number E107 . It has the appearance of a yellow powder , and it is soluble in water . It is a synthetic yellow azo dye . It appears to cause allergic or intolerant reactions , particularly amongst those with an aspirin intolerance and asthma sufferers . It is one of the colors that the Hyperactive Children 's Support Group recommends be eliminated from the diet of children . It is not listed by the UK 's Food Standards Agency among EU approved food additives . Its use is also banned in Austria , Japan , Norway , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Team_Fortress_Classic", "Team_Fortress_2", "Robin_Walker_-LRB-game_designer-RRB-", "Project_Gotham_Racing_2", "Warcraft_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Team Fortress Classic is a team-based online multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and released by Valve in 1999 . Based on the 1996 Quake modification Team Fortress , the title was ported to Valve 's GoldSrc engine as a way of promoting Half-Life 's software development kit . Matches in Team Fortress Classic pit two teams against each other , with each team member having access to nine distinct classes . Competition takes place in a variety of scenarios , usually capture the flag , VIP protection , or territorial control . Since its release , the game has undergone significant upgrades to player models and game modes . ", "Team Fortress 2 -LRB- TF2 -RRB- is a team-based multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation . It is the sequel to Team Fortress , the 1996 mod for Quake and its 1999 remake , Team Fortress Classic . It was released as part of the video game bundle The Orange Box in October 2007 for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 360 . A PlayStation 3 version followed in December 2007 . The game was released for Windows as a standalone entry in April 2008 , and was updated to support OS X in June 2010 and Linux in February 2013 . It is distributed online through Valve 's digital retailer Steam , with retail distribution being handled by Electronic Arts . In Team Fortress 2 , players join one of two teams comprising nine character classes , battling in a variety of game modes including capture the flag and king of the hill . The development is led by John Cook and Robin Walker , creators of the original Team Fortress . Announced in 1998 , the game once had more realistic , militaristic visuals and gameplay , but this changed over the protracted nine-year development . After Valve released no information for six years , Team Fortress 2 regularly featured in Wired News annual vaporware list among other ignominies . The finished Team Fortress 2 has cartoon-like visuals influenced by the art of J. C. Leyendecker , Dean Cornwell , and Norman Rockwell , and uses Valve 's Source game engine . Team Fortress 2 received critical acclaim for its art direction , gameplay , humor , and use of character in a multiplayer-only game . Valve continues to release new content , including maps , items and game modes , as well as community-made updates and contributed content . In June 2011 , it became free-to-play , supported by microtransactions for in-game cosmetics . A ` drop system ' was also added and refined , allowing free-to-play users to periodically receive game equipment and items by use of a random number generator . Though the game had a unofficial competitive scene for many years , support for official competitive play through ranked matchmaking and an overhauled casual experience was added in July 2016 . ", "Robin Walker is an Australian video game designer best known for co-developing Team Fortress and Team Fortress 2 . ", "Project Gotham Racing 2 -LRB- PGR2 for short -RRB- is a racing game for the Xbox , developed by Bizarre Creations and published by Microsoft . PGR2 is the sequel to Project Gotham Racing . It is the second title in the Project Gotham Racing series . As in PGR , the route to advancement in PGR2 differs from most racing games . Advancement in PGR2 required a combination of driving fast enough to meet the challenge set , and scoring enough Kudos points to advance . Kudos points are gained through the player 's driving skills , such as power sliding around a corner at speed , or overtaking other drivers in the race . Kudos points are used to unlock new cars . The Kudos system , challenges set , available cars and the tracks around which players race were expanded greatly from the original . PGR2 supported Xbox Live and allowed players to race against other people all around the world . The in-game garage featured the cult-classic mini-game Geometry Wars . PGR2 as of July 12 , 2007 is compatible with the Xbox 360 through a downloadable update . The game was a success commercially and critically . It is one of the highest rated racing games of all time , according to aggregator GameRankings . ", "Warcraft -LRB- alternatively known as Warcraft : The Beginning -RRB- is a 2016 American action-fantasy film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Jones , Charles Leavitt , and Chris Metzen . It is based on the Warcraft video game series and novels set in the world of Azeroth . The film stars Travis Fimmel , Paula Patton , Ben Foster , Dominic Cooper , Toby Kebbell , Ben Schnetzer , Robert Kazinsky , Clancy Brown , and Daniel Wu . The film portrays the initial encounters between the humans and the orcs and takes place in a variety of locations established in the video game series . The film was first announced in 2006 as a project partnership between Legendary Pictures and the game 's developer , Blizzard Entertainment . Warcraft premiered in Paris on May 24 , 2016 , and was released by Universal Pictures in the United States on June 10 , 2016 . The film grossed $ 433 million worldwide and is the highest-grossing video game adaptation of all time , although it was still considered a mild financial disappointment due to its very large $ 160 million budget . The film made over $ 220 million in China alone , representing more than half of its global total box office . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Watertown,_Massachusetts", "Watertown_Bridge", "Fairbanks-Williams_House", "Bemis_-LRB-Watertown,_Massachusetts-RRB-", "Watertown_Municipal_Airport" ]

[ "The Town of Watertown is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , United States . It is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census . Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for , and been granted , city forms of government but wish to retain `` The town of '' in their official names . Watertown is made up of six neighborhoods : Bemis , Brigham -LRB- Brigham Historic District -RRB- , Coolidge Square , East Watertown , Watertown Square and the West End . ", "The Watertown Bridge is a five-lane traffic bridge over the Charles River , carrying Rt. 16 and Galen Street . It connects Watertown Square on the north side and Watertown Yard on the south side of Watertown , Massachusetts . Pedestrian walkways line each side . ", "The Fairbanks-Williams House is a historic house located at 19 Elm Street in Taunton , Massachusetts . Built in 1852 , it is the city 's only known residential work by the noted architect Richard Upjohn , and is a fine example of Italianate architecture . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . ", "Bemis is a neighborhood located in the southwest corner of Watertown , Massachusetts , United States . It is bounded by Main Street to the north , the Charles River to the south , and the City of Waltham to the west . The neighborhood derives its name from Seth Bemis -LRB- 1775 -- 1851 -RRB- , who ran mills on both sides of the river near Bridge Street , including the Bemis Mill , which is located just across the Charles River at 1 -- 3 Bridge Street , in Newton , and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Seth was the father of George Bemis -LRB- October 13 , 1816 -- January 5 , 1878 -RRB- , a successful lawyer and legal scholar . Bemis Park is located in this neighborhood . ", "Watertown Municipal Airport may refer to : Watertown Municipal Airport -LRB- Wisconsin -RRB- in Watertown , Wisconsin , United States -LRB- FAA : RYV -RRB- Watertown Regional Airport -LRB- formerly Watertown Municipal -RRB- in Watertown , South Dakota , United States -LRB- FAA : ATY -RRB- " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Watertown,_Massachusetts", "Watertown_Bridge", "Fairbanks-Williams_House", "Bemis_-LRB-Watertown,_Massachusetts-RRB-", "Watertown_Municipal_Airport" ]

[ "The Town of Watertown is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , United States . It is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census . Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for , and been granted , city forms of government but wish to retain `` The town of '' in their official names . Watertown is made up of six neighborhoods : Bemis , Brigham -LRB- Brigham Historic District -RRB- , Coolidge Square , East Watertown , Watertown Square and the West End . ", "The Watertown Bridge is a five-lane traffic bridge over the Charles River , carrying Rt. 16 and Galen Street . It connects Watertown Square on the north side and Watertown Yard on the south side of Watertown , Massachusetts . Pedestrian walkways line each side . ", "The Fairbanks-Williams House is a historic house located at 19 Elm Street in Taunton , Massachusetts . Built in 1852 , it is the city 's only known residential work by the noted architect Richard Upjohn , and is a fine example of Italianate architecture . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . ", "Bemis is a neighborhood located in the southwest corner of Watertown , Massachusetts , United States . It is bounded by Main Street to the north , the Charles River to the south , and the City of Waltham to the west . The neighborhood derives its name from Seth Bemis -LRB- 1775 -- 1851 -RRB- , who ran mills on both sides of the river near Bridge Street , including the Bemis Mill , which is located just across the Charles River at 1 -- 3 Bridge Street , in Newton , and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Seth was the father of George Bemis -LRB- October 13 , 1816 -- January 5 , 1878 -RRB- , a successful lawyer and legal scholar . Bemis Park is located in this neighborhood . ", "Watertown Municipal Airport may refer to : Watertown Municipal Airport -LRB- Wisconsin -RRB- in Watertown , Wisconsin , United States -LRB- FAA : RYV -RRB- Watertown Regional Airport -LRB- formerly Watertown Municipal -RRB- in Watertown , South Dakota , United States -LRB- FAA : ATY -RRB- " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Watertown,_Massachusetts", "Watertown_Bridge", "Fairbanks-Williams_House", "Bemis_-LRB-Watertown,_Massachusetts-RRB-", "Watertown_Municipal_Airport" ]

[ "The Town of Watertown is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , United States . It is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census . Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for , and been granted , city forms of government but wish to retain `` The town of '' in their official names . Watertown is made up of six neighborhoods : Bemis , Brigham -LRB- Brigham Historic District -RRB- , Coolidge Square , East Watertown , Watertown Square and the West End . ", "The Watertown Bridge is a five-lane traffic bridge over the Charles River , carrying Rt. 16 and Galen Street . It connects Watertown Square on the north side and Watertown Yard on the south side of Watertown , Massachusetts . Pedestrian walkways line each side . ", "The Fairbanks-Williams House is a historic house located at 19 Elm Street in Taunton , Massachusetts . Built in 1852 , it is the city 's only known residential work by the noted architect Richard Upjohn , and is a fine example of Italianate architecture . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . ", "Bemis is a neighborhood located in the southwest corner of Watertown , Massachusetts , United States . It is bounded by Main Street to the north , the Charles River to the south , and the City of Waltham to the west . The neighborhood derives its name from Seth Bemis -LRB- 1775 -- 1851 -RRB- , who ran mills on both sides of the river near Bridge Street , including the Bemis Mill , which is located just across the Charles River at 1 -- 3 Bridge Street , in Newton , and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Seth was the father of George Bemis -LRB- October 13 , 1816 -- January 5 , 1878 -RRB- , a successful lawyer and legal scholar . Bemis Park is located in this neighborhood . ", "Watertown Municipal Airport may refer to : Watertown Municipal Airport -LRB- Wisconsin -RRB- in Watertown , Wisconsin , United States -LRB- FAA : RYV -RRB- Watertown Regional Airport -LRB- formerly Watertown Municipal -RRB- in Watertown , South Dakota , United States -LRB- FAA : ATY -RRB- " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Andrea_Pirlo", "Andrea_Bianchimano", "Giancarlo_Marocchi", "Andrea_Arrighini", "Chiara_Gazzoli" ]

[ "Andrea Pirlo , Ufficiale OMRI -LRB- born 19 May 1979 -RRB- is an Italian professional footballer who plays for American club New York City FC and the Italy national team . Pirlo is usually deployed as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield for both his club and national sides , and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest ever exponents of this position , due to his vision , ball control , creativity and passing ability ; he is also a free-kick specialist . Pirlo began his club career as an attacking midfielder with his home-town side Brescia , where he later helped the team to win the Serie B title and obtain Serie A promotion in 1997 . His promising performances led to a move to Internazionale in 1998 , but he struggled to gain playing time at his new club , due to his lack of pace , as well as heavy competition with other players in his position , and was subsequently sent on loan in 1999 . Despite successful spells with Reggina , and Brescia once again , Pirlo was still unable to break into Inter 's starting line-up , and was sold to cross-city rivals Milan in 2001 . At Milan , manager Carlo Ancelotti decided to shift Pirlo in front of the defence as a deep-lying playmaker , which allowed him more time on the ball to orchestrate his team 's attacks . Pirlo excelled in his new role , and soon developed into a world-class midfielder , playing a key role in Milan 's subsequent successes , as he won two UEFA Champions Leagues -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two UEFA Super Cups -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two Serie A titles -LRB- 2004 and 2011 -RRB- , a FIFA Club World Cup -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a Supercoppa Italiana -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2003 -RRB- with the club . After joining Juventus on a free transfer in 2011 , who had gone trophyless since 2003 , he added four more Serie A titles -LRB- 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2015 -RRB- , which he won consecutively , as well as two Supercoppa Italiana titles -LRB- 2012 and 2013 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . After playing in Italy for over 20 seasons , Pirlo joined MLS expansion side New York City FC in 2015 , helping the team to reach the playoffs in his second season . At international level , Pirlo is the fourth-most capped player in the history of the Italian national team with 116 caps . He has played for the Italian youth teams at U15 , U18 and U21 level , captaining and leading the latter to victory in the 2000 UEFA European Under-21 Championship as the Golden Player and Top Scorer of the tournament . He joined the Italian senior side in September 2002 and captained the Olympic team to a bronze medal in the 2004 Olympics . Later , he was instrumental in their victory in the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He was named Man of the Match three times , including the final , more than any other player in the tournament , and ultimately won the Bronze Ball -LRB- awarded to the third best player of the tournament -RRB- also being elected to the Team of the Tournament . He was also elected as part of the UEFA Euro 2012 Team of the Tournament , after leading Italy to the final , winning three Man of the Match awards in the process , the most of any player along with Andrés Iniesta . He has also represented the Italian senior side at the 2004 and 2008 UEFA European Championships , the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups , and the 2009 and 2013 FIFA Confederations Cups , finishing third in the latter edition in Brazil , where he was also elected to the Team of the Tournament . Pirlo came in third , second , fourth , and third twice more in the IFFHS World Playmaker of the Year awards in 2006 , 2007 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2015 , respectively . He placed fourth in the 2012 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award , and seventh in the 2015 edition . He placed 7th in the 2007 FIFA World Player , 5th in the 2007 Ballon d'Or and 7th in the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or award . He was also named as part of the 2006 FIFPro World XI and the 2012 UEFA Team of the Year . In 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 , Pirlo was also elected as Serie A Footballer of the Year , and was also named as part of the Serie A team of the Year . After helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final , he was named to the squad of the season . In 2012 , Pirlo was named the eighth best footballer in the World by The Guardian , and in 2013 , Bloomberg ranked him the fifth best player in Europe . In 2015 , France Football rated him as one of the 10 best footballers in the world who are over the age of 36 . ", "Andrea Bianchimano -LRB- born 25 December 1996 -RRB- is an Italian professional football striker who plays for Reggina , on loan from Milan . ", "Giancarlo Marocchi -LRB- born 4 July 1965 in Imola -RRB- is a former Italian footballer , who played as a central midfielder . Throughout his club career , he played for Juventus , the club with which he won a Scudetto , two Coppe Italia , one UEFA Champions League , and two UEFA Cups ; he also played for his home-town club Bologna , on two separate occasions . At international level , he represented Italy at the 1990 FIFA World Cup , where they finished in third place on home soil . ", "Andrea Arrighini -LRB- born 6 June 1990 -RRB- is an Italian footballer who plays for Cittadella , on loan from Avellino . ", "Chiara Gazzoli is a former Italian football striker . She played for ACF Milan , Foroni Verona , Torres CF and ASD Fiammamonza between 1994 and 2007 , when she turned to 7-a-side football . She won four leagues with Milan , Foroni and Fiammamonza , and was the league 's top scorer in 2003 and 2004 . Her 54 goals in 2003 make her the second top scoring player in one season in Serie A , next to Elisabetta Vignotto 's 1972 56-goal record . She was also the top scorer of the 2004 UEFA Women 's Cup . She was a member of the Italian national team , and played the 2005 European Championship . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "Andrew_Moray", "Andrew_Moray_-LRB-justiciar-RRB-", "Andrew_II,_Archbishop_of_Antivari", "Archibald_-LRB-bishop_of_Moray-RRB-", "Simon_Caboche" ]

[ "Andrew Moray -LRB- Norman French : Andreu de Moray ; Andreas de Moravia -RRB- , also known as Andrew de Moray , Andrew of Moray , or Andrew Murray , an esquire , was prominent in the Scottish Wars of Independence . He led the rising in north Scotland in the summer of 1297 against the occupation by King Edward I of England , successfully regaining control of the area for King John Balliol . He subsequently merged his forces with those led by William Wallace and jointly led the combined army to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge . Moray was mortally wounded in the fighting , dying at an unknown date and place later that year . ", "Sir Andrew Moray of Petty -LRB- died 8 April 1298 -RRB- was Justiciar of Scotia . ", "Andrew II -LRB- Andrija II -RRB- -LRB- died 1462 in Rome -RRB- was a Franciscan priest who served as an Archbishop of Bar in the mid-15th century . In 1448 , Pope Nicholas V appointed Andrew II as Archbishop of Antivari in Rome . Under Andrew 's permission , the Church of Saint Nicholas near the fortification of the city of Antivari was given to Conventual Franciscans , and there they built a monastery . In the course of the year 1450 , Andrew II served as Skanderbeg 's ambassador to the Pope . Two years later , Andrew participated in the reconciliation between the Albanian Dukagjini and Kastrioti clans in Dyrrhachium . In 1459 , Andrew resigned as Archbishop and relocated himself to Rome , where he died in 1462 . Category :1462 deaths Category : Archbishops of Antivari Category :15 th-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category : Italian Franciscans Category : Year of birth unknown ", "Archibald -LRB- died 1298 -RRB- was a 13th-century Scottish prelate best known for involvement in a dispute with the Pope . His Flemish name could indicate a connection with the de Douglas or de Moravia families either by kinship or geography , but there is no other direct evidence of this . His origins are not known , but he was almost certainly the Archibald who was Dean of Moray in the years before 1253 . In that year he was consecrated as the successor of Simon de Gunby and Radulf of Lincoln as Bishop of Moray . Through what appears to have been a misunderstanding , Bishop Archibald confirmed the election of one Andrew de Dunn as Dean of Moray . However , the Pope had earlier or simultaneously appointed his own candidate , Nicholas de Hedon , based on an earlier reservation of the position . There was litigation at the Papal see , through which Hedon emerged victorious . Bishop Archibald , apparently concerned he had been placed in a state of excommunication , petitioned Pope Alexander IV and was absolved on 22 December 1255 . Bishop Archibald , like all Scottish bishops , was summonded to the Second Council of Lyon . A provincial council at Perth in 1273 , however , exempted the Bishop of Moray as well as the Bishop of Dunkeld . Bishop Archibald was present at the Convention of Birgham in 1290 . At some point during his episcopate , Uilleam , Mormaer of Ross , committed an outrage to the church or lands of Petty , a church belonging to a canon of Archibald 's cathedral . In compensation , Uilleam granted the bishop some lands in Cadboll and elsewhere in Ross . The bishop was also involved in a dispute with Uilleam , Mormaer of Mar , which in 1268 resulted in the latter 's excommunication . Bishop Archibald built an episcopal residence at Kinneddar , where he resided for much of his episcopate . His episcopate lasted over 45 years , making it one of the longest in medieval Scotland . He died on 9 December 1298 . ", "Simon Lecoustellier , called Caboche , a skinner of the Paris Boucherie , played an important part in the Cabochien Revolt of 1413 . He had relations with John the Fearless , Duke of Burgundy , since 1411 , and was prominent in the seditious disturbances which broke out in April and May , following on the Etats of February 1413 . In April , he stirred the people to the point of revolt and was among the first to enter the hotel of the Dauphin . When the butchers had made themselves masters of Paris , Caboche became bailiff -LRB- huissier d'armes -RRB- and warden of the Charenton-le-Pont . Upon the publication of the great ordinance of May 26 , he used all his efforts to prevent conciliation between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs . After the fall of the Cabochien party on 4 August , he fled to Burgundy in order to escape from royal justice . Doubtless he returned to Paris in 1418 with the Burgundians . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pulmonary_embolism", "Shortness_of_breath", "Tropical_eosinophilia", "Venous_thrombosis", "Hypertensive_encephalopathy" ]

[ "Pulmonary embolism -LRB- PE -RRB- is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream -LRB- embolism -RRB- . Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath , chest pain particularly upon breathing in , and coughing up blood . Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present such as a red , warm , swollen , and painful leg . Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels , rapid breathing , rapid heart rate , and sometimes a mild fever . Severe cases can lead to passing out , abnormally low blood pressure , and sudden death . PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung . The risk of blood clots is increased by cancer , prolonged bed rest , smoking , stroke , certain genetic conditions , estrogen-based medication , pregnancy , obesity , and after some types of surgery . A small proportion of cases are due to the embolization of air , fat , or amniotic fluid . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in combination with test results . If the risk is low a blood test known as a D-dimer will rule out the condition . Otherwise a CT pulmonary angiography , lung ventilation/perfusion scan , or ultrasound of the legs may confirm the diagnosis . Together deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism -LRB- VTE -RRB- . Efforts to prevent PE include beginning to move as soon as possible after surgery , lower leg exercises during periods of sitting , and the use of blood thinners after some types of surgery . Treatment is typically with blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin . Often these are recommended for six months or longer . Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator -LRB- tPA -RRB- , or may require surgery such as a pulmonary thrombectomy . If blood thinners are not appropriate , a vena cava filter may be used . Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe . In the United States between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year , which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths . Rates are similar in males and females . They become more common as people get older . ", "Shortness of breath , also known as dyspnea , is a feeling like one can not breathe well enough . The American Thoracic Society defines it as `` a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity '' , and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of the distinct sensations , the degree of distress involved , and its burden or impact on activities of daily living . Distinct sensations include effort/work , chest tightness , and air hunger -LRB- the feeling of not enough oxygen -RRB- . Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations or light exertion . In 85 % of cases it is due to asthma , pneumonia , cardiac ischemia , interstitial lung disease , congestive heart failure , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , or psychogenic causes , such as panic disorder and anxiety . Treatment typically depends on the underlying cause . ", "Tropical -LRB- pulmonary -RRB- eosinophilia , or TPE , is characterized by coughing , asthmatic attacks , and an enlarged spleen , and is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti , a filarial infection . It occurs most frequently in India and Southeast Asia . Tropical eosinophilia is considered a manifestation of a species of microfilaria . This disease can be confused with tuberculosis , asthma , or coughs related to roundworms . Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is a rare , but well recognised , syndrome characterised by pulmonary interstitial infiltrates and marked peripheral eosinophilia . This condition is more widely recognised and promptly diagnosed in filariasis-endemic regions , such as the Indian subcontinent , Africa , Asia and South America . In nonendemic countries , patients are commonly thought to have bronchial asthma . Chronic symptoms may delay the diagnosis by up to five years . Early recognition and treatment with the antifilarial drug , diethylcarbamazine , is important , as delay before treatment may lead to progressive interstitial fibrosis and irreversible impairment . The condition of marked eosinophilia with pulmonary involvement was first termed tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in 1950 . The syndrome is caused by a distinct hypersensitive immunological reaction to microfilariae of W. bancrofti and Brugia malayi . However , only a small percentage -LRB- < 0.5 % -RRB- of the 130 million people globally who are infected with filariasis apparently develop this reaction . The clearance of rapidly opsonised microfilariae from the bloodstream results in a hypersensitive immunological process and abnormal recruitment of eosinophils , as reflected by extremely high IgE levels of over 1000 kU/L . The typical patient is a young adult man from the Indian subcontinent . ", "A venous thrombus is a blood clot -LRB- thrombus -RRB- that forms within a vein . Thrombosis is a term for a blood clot occurring inside a blood vessel . A common type of venous thrombosis is a deep vein thrombosis -LRB- DVT -RRB- , which is a blood clot in the deep veins of the leg . If the thrombus breaks off -LRB- embolizes -RRB- and flows towards the lungs , it can become a pulmonary embolism -LRB- PE -RRB- , a blood clot in the lungs . An inflammatory reaction is usually present , mainly in the superficial veins and , for this reason this pathology is called most of the time thrombophlebitis . The inflammatory reaction and the white blood cells play a role in the resolution of venous clots . The initial treatment for venous thromboembolism is typically with either low molecular weight heparin -LRB- LMWH -RRB- or unfractionated heparin . LMWH appears to have lower rates of side effects ; however , both result in similar rates of survival . ", "Hypertensive encephalopathy is a neurological dysfunction induced by hypertensive emergency . The term `` hypertensive encephalopathy '' was introduced to describe this type of encephalopathy by Oppenheimer and Fishberg in 1928 . It describes cerebral conditions , typically reversible , caused by sudden and sustained severe elevation of blood pressure . Hypertensive encephalopathy occurs in eclampsia , acute nephritis and crises in essential hypertension . Symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy include headache , restlessness , nausea , disturbances of consciousness , seizures , bleeding in the retina , and papilledema . Focal brain lesions may be associated with specific neurological symptoms . These neurological impairments may culminate in a coma . The condition is treated by drugs that decrease blood pressure . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Pulmonary_embolism", "Shortness_of_breath", "Tropical_eosinophilia", "Venous_thrombosis", "Hypertensive_encephalopathy" ]

[ "Pulmonary embolism -LRB- PE -RRB- is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream -LRB- embolism -RRB- . Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath , chest pain particularly upon breathing in , and coughing up blood . Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present such as a red , warm , swollen , and painful leg . Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels , rapid breathing , rapid heart rate , and sometimes a mild fever . Severe cases can lead to passing out , abnormally low blood pressure , and sudden death . PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung . The risk of blood clots is increased by cancer , prolonged bed rest , smoking , stroke , certain genetic conditions , estrogen-based medication , pregnancy , obesity , and after some types of surgery . A small proportion of cases are due to the embolization of air , fat , or amniotic fluid . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in combination with test results . If the risk is low a blood test known as a D-dimer will rule out the condition . Otherwise a CT pulmonary angiography , lung ventilation/perfusion scan , or ultrasound of the legs may confirm the diagnosis . Together deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism -LRB- VTE -RRB- . Efforts to prevent PE include beginning to move as soon as possible after surgery , lower leg exercises during periods of sitting , and the use of blood thinners after some types of surgery . Treatment is typically with blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin . Often these are recommended for six months or longer . Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator -LRB- tPA -RRB- , or may require surgery such as a pulmonary thrombectomy . If blood thinners are not appropriate , a vena cava filter may be used . Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe . In the United States between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year , which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths . Rates are similar in males and females . They become more common as people get older . ", "Shortness of breath , also known as dyspnea , is a feeling like one can not breathe well enough . The American Thoracic Society defines it as `` a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity '' , and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of the distinct sensations , the degree of distress involved , and its burden or impact on activities of daily living . Distinct sensations include effort/work , chest tightness , and air hunger -LRB- the feeling of not enough oxygen -RRB- . Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations or light exertion . In 85 % of cases it is due to asthma , pneumonia , cardiac ischemia , interstitial lung disease , congestive heart failure , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , or psychogenic causes , such as panic disorder and anxiety . Treatment typically depends on the underlying cause . ", "Tropical -LRB- pulmonary -RRB- eosinophilia , or TPE , is characterized by coughing , asthmatic attacks , and an enlarged spleen , and is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti , a filarial infection . It occurs most frequently in India and Southeast Asia . Tropical eosinophilia is considered a manifestation of a species of microfilaria . This disease can be confused with tuberculosis , asthma , or coughs related to roundworms . Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is a rare , but well recognised , syndrome characterised by pulmonary interstitial infiltrates and marked peripheral eosinophilia . This condition is more widely recognised and promptly diagnosed in filariasis-endemic regions , such as the Indian subcontinent , Africa , Asia and South America . In nonendemic countries , patients are commonly thought to have bronchial asthma . Chronic symptoms may delay the diagnosis by up to five years . Early recognition and treatment with the antifilarial drug , diethylcarbamazine , is important , as delay before treatment may lead to progressive interstitial fibrosis and irreversible impairment . The condition of marked eosinophilia with pulmonary involvement was first termed tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in 1950 . The syndrome is caused by a distinct hypersensitive immunological reaction to microfilariae of W. bancrofti and Brugia malayi . However , only a small percentage -LRB- < 0.5 % -RRB- of the 130 million people globally who are infected with filariasis apparently develop this reaction . The clearance of rapidly opsonised microfilariae from the bloodstream results in a hypersensitive immunological process and abnormal recruitment of eosinophils , as reflected by extremely high IgE levels of over 1000 kU/L . The typical patient is a young adult man from the Indian subcontinent . ", "A venous thrombus is a blood clot -LRB- thrombus -RRB- that forms within a vein . Thrombosis is a term for a blood clot occurring inside a blood vessel . A common type of venous thrombosis is a deep vein thrombosis -LRB- DVT -RRB- , which is a blood clot in the deep veins of the leg . If the thrombus breaks off -LRB- embolizes -RRB- and flows towards the lungs , it can become a pulmonary embolism -LRB- PE -RRB- , a blood clot in the lungs . An inflammatory reaction is usually present , mainly in the superficial veins and , for this reason this pathology is called most of the time thrombophlebitis . The inflammatory reaction and the white blood cells play a role in the resolution of venous clots . The initial treatment for venous thromboembolism is typically with either low molecular weight heparin -LRB- LMWH -RRB- or unfractionated heparin . LMWH appears to have lower rates of side effects ; however , both result in similar rates of survival . ", "Hypertensive encephalopathy is a neurological dysfunction induced by hypertensive emergency . The term `` hypertensive encephalopathy '' was introduced to describe this type of encephalopathy by Oppenheimer and Fishberg in 1928 . It describes cerebral conditions , typically reversible , caused by sudden and sustained severe elevation of blood pressure . Hypertensive encephalopathy occurs in eclampsia , acute nephritis and crises in essential hypertension . Symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy include headache , restlessness , nausea , disturbances of consciousness , seizures , bleeding in the retina , and papilledema . Focal brain lesions may be associated with specific neurological symptoms . These neurological impairments may culminate in a coma . The condition is treated by drugs that decrease blood pressure . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Inside_Llewyn_Davis", "From_Within_-LRB-The_Outer_Limits-RRB-", "Psych_-LRB-season_2-RRB-", "Burn_After_Reading", "Jeff,_Who_Lives_at_Home" ]

[ "Inside Llewyn Davis -LSB- ˈluː.ɪn deɪvɪs -RSB- is a 2013 American black comedy drama film written , directed , produced , and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen . Set in 1961 , the film follows one week in the life of Llewyn Davis , played by Oscar Isaac , a folk singer struggling to achieve musical success while keeping his life in order . It co-stars Carey Mulligan , John Goodman , Garrett Hedlund , F. Murray Abraham , and Justin Timberlake . Although Davis is a fictional character , the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk . Most of the folk songs performed in the film are sung in full and recorded live . T Bone Burnett was the executive music producer . The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival , where it screened on May 19 , 2013 . The film received a limited release in the United States on December 6 , 2013 , and was given a wide release on January 10 , 2014 . The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards -LRB- Best Cinematography and Best Sound Mixing -RRB- and for three Golden Globe Awards : Best Motion Picture -- Comedy or Musical , Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy -LRB- Oscar Isaac -RRB- , and Best Original Song . Inside Llewyn Davis has been highly acclaimed , and was voted the 11th best film of the 21st century by 177 critics in a 2016 BBC Culture poll . ", "`` From Within '' is an episode of The Outer Limits television series . It first aired on 28 April 1996 , during the second season . ", "The second season of Psych originally aired in the United States on USA Network from July 13 , 2007 to February 15 , 2008 . It consisted of 16 episodes . James Roday , Dulé Hill , Timothy Omundson , Maggie Lawson , and Corbin Bernsen reprised their roles as the main characters , and Kirsten Nelson joined the main cast . James Roday portrayed Shawn Spencer , a fake psychic detective who periodically consults for the Santa Barbara police department . A DVD of the season was released on July 8 , 2008 . ", "Burn After Reading is a 2008 American black comedy film written , produced , edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen . The film stars George Clooney , John Malkovich , Frances McDormand , Tilda Swinton , and Brad Pitt . The film had its premiere on August 27 , 2008 , when it opened the 2008 Venice Film Festival . It was released in the United States on September 12 , 2008 , and in the United Kingdom on October 17 , 2008 . ", "Jeff , Who Lives at Home is an American comedy-drama film starring Jason Segel and Ed Helms , written and directed by Jay and Mark Duplass and co-starring Judy Greer and Susan Sarandon . The film premiered on September 14 , 2011 at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and then saw a limited release in USA and Canada on March 16 , 2012 , after having been pushed back from the original date of March 2 . The film received positive reviews from critics . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Multicellular_organism", "Microbiology", "Capsaspora", "Ectasian", "Arachnid" ]

[ "Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell , in contrast to unicellular organisms . All species of animals , land plants and most fungi are multicellular , as are many algae , whereas a few organisms are partially uni - and partially multicellular , like slime molds and social amoebae such as the genus Dictyostelium . Multicellular organisms arise in various different ways , for example by cell division or by aggregation of many single cells . Colonial organisms are the result of many identical individuals joining together to form a colony . However , it can often be hard to separate colonial protists from true multicellular organisms , because the two concepts are not distinct ; colonial protists have been dubbed `` pluricellular '' rather than `` multicellular '' . ", "Microbiology -LRB- from Greek μῑκρος , mīkros , `` small '' ; βίος , bios , `` life '' ; and - λογία , - logia -RRB- is the study of microscopic organisms , those being unicellular -LRB- single cell -RRB- , multicellular -LRB- cell colony -RRB- , or acellular -LRB- lacking cells -RRB- . Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology , mycology , parasitology , and bacteriology . Eukaryotic micro-organisms possess membrane-bound cell organelles and include fungi and protists , whereas prokaryotic organisms -- all of which are microorganisms -- are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include eubacteria and archaebacteria . Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture , staining , and microscopy . However , less than 1 % of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means . Microbiologists often rely on extraction or detection of nucleic acid , either DNA or RNA sequences . Viruses have been variably classified as organisms , as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules . Prions , never considered microorganisms , have been investigated by virologists , however , as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections , and virologists took search -- discovering `` infectious proteins '' . The existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed , for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome . The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of moulds , by Robert Hooke in 1666 , but the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes , which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material in 1658 . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676 , using simple microscopes of his own design . Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur and in medical microbiology Robert Koch . ", "Capsaspora is a monotypic genus containing the single species Capsaspora owczarzaki . C. owczarzaki is a single-celled eukaryote that occupies a key phylogenetic position to understand the origin of animal multicellularity , as one of its closest unicellular relatives . It is , together with Ministeria vibrans , a member of the Filasterea clade -LRB- see `` Taxonomy '' below -RRB- . This amoeboid protist has been pivotal to unravel the nature of the unicellular ancestor of animals , which has been proved to be much more complex than previously thought . ", "The Ectasian Period -LRB- from Greek ectasis , `` extension '' -RRB- is the second geologic period in the Mesoproterozoic Era and lasted from Mya ago to Mya -LRB- million years ago -RRB- . Instead of being based on stratigraphy , these dates are defined chronometrically . Geologically the name refers to the continued expansion of platform covers during this period . This period is interesting for the first evidence of sexual reproduction . The 1.2 billion years old Hunting Formation on Somerset Island , Canada , dates from the end of the Ectasian . It contains the microfossils of the multicellular filaments of Bangiomorpha pubescens -LRB- type of red algae -RRB- , the first taxonomically resolved eukaryote . This was the first organism that exhibited sexual reproduction , which is an essential feature for complex multicellularity . Complex multicellularity is different from `` simple '' multicellularity , such as colonies of organisms living together . True multicellular organisms contain cells that are specialized for different functions . This is , in fact , an essential feature of sexual reproduction as well , since the male and female gametes are specialized cells . Organisms that reproduce sexually must solve the problem of generating an entire organism from just the germ cells . Sexual reproduction and the ability of gametes to develop into an organism are the necessary antecedents to true multicellularity . In fact , we tend to think of sexual reproduction and true multicellularity as occurring at the same time , and true multicellularity is often taken as a marker for sexual reproduction . ", "Arachnids are a class -LRB- Arachnida -RRB- of joint-legged invertebrate animals -LRB- arthropods -RRB- , in the subphylum Chelicerata . All arachnids have eight legs , although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function , while in other species , different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs . The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη #Ancient Greek -LRB- aráchnē -RRB- , meaning `` spider '' . Spiders are the largest order in the class , which also includes scorpions , ticks , mites , harvestmen , and solifuges . . Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial , living mainly on land . However , some inhabit freshwater environments and , with the exception of the pelagic zone , marine environments as well . They comprise over 100,000 named species . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Last_Song_-LRB-film-RRB-", "As_Time_Goes_By_-LRB-M*A*S*H-RRB-", "The_Last_Mile", "The_Final_Riot!", "End_of_a_Century" ]

[ "The Last Song is a 2010 American coming of age teen romantic drama film developed alongside Nicholas Sparks ' 2009 novel of the same name . The film was directed by Julie Anne Robinson in her feature film directorial debut and co-written by Sparks and Jeff Van Wie . The Last Song stars Miley Cyrus , Liam Hemsworth , and Greg Kinnear and follows a troubled teenager as she reconnects with her estranged father and falls in love during a summer in a quiet Southern United States beach town . Sparks was approached to write both the film 's screenplay and the novel . Sparks completed the screenplay in January 2009 , prior to the completion of the novel , making The Last Song his first script to be optioned for film . The setting , originally in North Carolina like the novel , relocated to Georgia after the states had campaigned for months to host production . Upon beginning production in Tybee Island , Georgia and nearby Savannah , The Last Song became the first movie to be both filmed and set in Tybee Island . Filming lasted from June 15 to August 18 , 2009 with much of it occurring on the island 's beach and pier . The Last Song was released by Touchstone Pictures on March 31 , 2010 . Upon release , the film received a negative response from critics , particularly towards its screenplay and casting . ", "`` As Time Goes By '' is the 255th episode of M * A * S * H , airing on February 21 -LRB- first-run -RRB- and September 12 -LRB- repeat -RRB- , 1983 , and the last episode filmed . As it was the final episode filmed they took a moment to pay tribute to the characters -LRB- except for Trapper John McIntyre -RRB- who had left the series before its conclusion . It also introduces the character of Soon-Lee , who would play a vital role in the series ' final episode and the short-lived spin-off AfterMASH . The episode is dedicated to Connie Izay , RN , one of the show 's medical advisors . Although this was the penultimate episode of the series , it was the final episode that was produced with , wrapping January 14 , 1983 at exactly 6:05 PM . The series finale was filmed earlier in the production of that season . ", "The Last Mile may refer to : The Last Mile -LRB- prison rehabilitation program -RRB- , a program for San Quentin State Prison inmates The Last Mile -LRB- play -RRB- , a play by John Wexley The Last Mile -LRB- 1932 film -RRB- , a film adaptation of the play The Last Mile -LRB- 1953 film -RRB- , a documentary film directed by Robert Altman The Last Mile -LRB- 1959 film -RRB- , a film adaptation of the play featuring Mickey Rooney The Last Mile -LRB- 1992 film -RRB- , a 1992 short comedy-drama TV play The Last Mile -LRB- song -RRB- , a 1988 song by the hard rock and glam metal band Cinderella `` The Last Mile '' -LRB- Nico song -RRB- , a 1965 song issued as B-side of `` I 'm Not Sayin ' '' ", "The Final Riot ! is the second official live album by American rock band Paramore and was released on November 25 , 2008 with a bonus DVD containing the full live concert plus behind-the-scenes footage . The DVD was filmed on August 12 , 2008 , at the Congress Theater in Chicago on The Final Riot ! Summer Tour . It contains a documentary entitled `` 40 Days of Riot ! '' , showing the band on tour . It is available in a standard and limited deluxe edition , which includes a 36-color-page booklet of the tour , along with another documentary , 40 MORE Days of Riot ! . ", "`` End of a Century '' is a song by alternative rock band Blur . Released in November 1994 , it was the last single to be released from their third album Parklife . `` End of a Century '' reached number 19 on the UK Singles Chart , considered a disappointment by Andy Ross of Food Records . Albarn later stated that `` End of a Century '' may not have been the best choice for the album 's fourth single , and that `` This Is a Low '' would have been a better alternative . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Unison_-LRB-Celine_Dion_album-RRB-", "Miracle_-LRB-Celine_Dion_album-RRB-", "Be_the_Man", "Stand_by_Your_Side", "Four-Calendar_Café" ]

[ "Unison is the 15th studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion and her first studio album recorded in English . The album was originally released on 2 April 1990 by Columbia Records . Its music incorporates a range of contemporary genres with a mix of ballads and dance songs . Dion worked with a range of professional writers and producers , including Christopher Neil , David Foster , Tom Keane and Andy Goldmark . Upon release , the album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who complimented Dion 's voice and technique , as well as the album 's content . On the commercial level , Unison reached top ten in Norway and top twenty in Canada . Eventually , it was certified seven-times Platinum in Canada , Platinum in the United States , and Gold in the United Kingdom and France . The album has sold over three million copies worldwide . Up to five singles were released from Unison , depending on the country . `` Where Does My Heart Beat Now '' became a top five hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , reaching number four . The next US single , '' -LRB- If There Was -RRB- Any Other Way '' peaked at number thirty-five . In 1991 , Unison won Juno Award for Album of the Year and Dion won Juno Award for Female Vocalist of the Year . ", "Miracle is a concept album credited to Canadian singer Celine Dion and Australian photographer Anne Geddes , released on 11 October 2004 . It 's Dion 's ninth English language studio album and 33rd in total . ", "`` Be the Man , '' -LRB- also labeled as `` Be The Man -LRB- On This Night -RRB- '' -RRB- is the second single from Celine Dion 's album Let 's Talk About Love . It was released on 13 November 1997 in Japan only . `` Be the Man '' was written specially for the Japanese TV drama entitled Eve - Santaclaus Dreaming and included on the EVE original soundtrack , released also on 13 November 1997 in Japan . There were two versions of this song recorded : English and Japanese . No music video was made . `` Be the Man '' reached number 24 on the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified platinum -LRB- 100,000 -RRB- . The song became also a B-side to `` The Reason '' single , released at the same time in parts of Europe . `` Be the Man '' was not available on editions of Let 's Talk About Love released in the Americas . The English version of this song was included later on the Japanese edition of Dion 's 1999 greatest hits All the Way ... A Decade of Song and the 2008 Japan only released Complete Best . The Japanese version of `` Be the Man '' became available worldwide on The Collector 's Series , Volume One in 2000 . ", "`` Stand by Your Side '' is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Celine Dion , for her eight English studio album One Heart -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . It was written by Paul Barry , Mark Taylor , and produced by Taylor and Humberto Gatica . The moving ballad sees Dion promising to someone who has been deeply wounded that she will comfort and support it . It was released on 29 September 2003 as the third -LRB- promotional only -RRB- single from the album , in the United States . `` Stand by Your Side '' reached number 17 on the US Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks . ", "Four-Calendar Café is the seventh album by Scottish band Cocteau Twins . It was originally released on 18 October 1993 on Fontana . The album distinguished itself from the rest of the Twins ' catalogue in two major areas : The sound was much more pop-oriented and less ambient than previous works , and vocalist Elizabeth Fraser 's lyrics were much more intelligible than usual . The album took its title from William Least Heat-Moon 's book Blue Highways , in which the author considers the quality of a restaurant by how many calendars it has hanging on its wall . NME named the album the 46th best record of 1993 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "The_Challenge-COLON-_Rivals_III", "Real_World/Road_Rules_Challenge-COLON-_Battle_of_the_Seasons", "2016_BWF_Future_Series", "2011–13_International_Challenge_Trophy", "The_Challenge_XXX-COLON-_Dirty_30" ]

[ "The Challenge : Rivals III is the 28th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge . Being the third in the Rivals series , Rivals III marks the show 's third trilogy -LRB- following the Inferno and Gauntlet series -RRB- , continuing on from the original Rivals and Rivals II . It was filmed in Huatulco , Mexico and Mendoza , Argentina during November and December 2015 , with former cast members from MTV 's Real World , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . This season marks the first since season 11 to not feature any original cast members from the Fresh Meat or Fresh Meat II challenges . Unlike the previous two installments of the Rivals series , which featured same-gender pairs , Rivals III saw a change in format , with male/female pairs that had bitter feuds , fights , or strained relationships in previous seasons of Real World , The Challenge , and Are You the One ? -LRB- similar to the Battle of the Exes series -RRB- . Unlike the other Rivals seasons , only the winning team from each week 's challenge was allowed to decide which team would face the last-place team in the elimination round . The season premiered on May 4 , 2016 , and concluded on August 3 , 2016 , with the Reunion special . Lisa Fletcher replaced longtime Challenge producer Justin Booth as executive producer this season . Booth had served as the executive producer since season 15 . ", "Real World/Road Rules Challenge : Battle of the Seasons is the 5th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge -LRB- at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge -RRB- . The season is directly subsequent to Extreme Challenge . Battle of the Seasons premiered in early 2002 and took place in Cabo San Lucas , Mexico . In each episode , the cast competed in a challenge , and the top three Real World and top three Road Rules teams would become the `` Inner Circle '' and have the power to vote off teams . The `` Inner Circle '' was determined by a cumulative score that would be tallied on a leader board . The final six teams would compete for a final prize worth $ 300,000 . This is the first edition of Battle of the Seasons series , with the second Battle of the Seasons , following in 2012 with a completely different format . ", "The 2016 BWF International Challenge is the tenth season of the BWF International Challenge . ", "The 2011 -- 13 International Challenge Trophy is the fourth edition of the International Challenge Trophy . ", "The Challenge XXX : Dirty 30 is the thirtieth season of the MTV reality competition series , The Challenge . The rumored individual format was filmed in Colombia , with alumni from Real World , Road Rules , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge , Fresh Meat II , and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "William_Blackstone", "Harry_Blackstone_Sr.", "William_Gray_-LRB-priest-RRB-", "William_Collingwood_Smith", "Charles_Isaac_Elton" ]

[ "Sir William Blackstone -LRB- 10 July 1723 -- 14 February 1780 -RRB- was an English jurist , judge and Tory politician of the eighteenth century . He is most noted for writing the Commentaries on the Laws of England . Born into a middle-class family in London , Blackstone was educated at Charterhouse School before matriculating at Pembroke College , Oxford in 1738 . After switching to and completing a Bachelor of Civil Law degree , he was made a Fellow of All Souls , Oxford on 2 November 1743 , admitted to Middle Temple , and called to the Bar there in 1746 . Following a slow start to his career as a barrister , Blackstone became heavily involved in university administration , becoming accountant , treasurer and bursar on 28 November 1746 and Senior Bursar in 1750 . Blackstone is considered responsible for completing the Codrington Library and Warton Building , and simplifying the complex accounting system used by the college . On 3 July 1753 he formally gave up his practice as a barrister and instead embarked on a series of lectures on English law , the first of their kind . These were massively successful , earning him a total of # 453 -LRB- # in terms -RRB- , and led to the publication of An Analysis of the Laws of England in 1756 , which repeatedly sold out and was used to preface his later works . On 20 October 1758 Blackstone was confirmed as the first Vinerian Professor of English Law , immediately embarking on another series of lectures and publishing a similarly successful second treatise , titled A Discourse on the Study of the Law . With his growing fame , Blackstone successfully returned to the bar and maintained a good practice , also securing election as Tory Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Hindon on 30 March 1761 . In November 1765 he published the first of four volumes of Commentaries on the Laws of England , considered his magnum opus ; the completed work earned Blackstone # 14,000 -LRB- # in terms -RRB- . After repeated failures , he successfully gained appointment to the judiciary as a Justice of the Court of King 's Bench on 16 February 1770 , leaving to replace Edward Clive as a Justice of the Common Pleas on 25 June . He remained in this position until his death , on 14 February 1780 . Blackstone 's legacy and main work of note is his Commentaries . Designed to provide a complete overview of English law , the four-volume treatise was repeatedly republished in 1770 , 1773 , 1774 , 1775 , 1778 and in a posthumous edition in 1783 . Reprints of the first edition , intended for practical use rather than antiquary interest , were published until the 1870s in England and Wales , and a working version by Henry John Stephen , first published in 1841 , was reprinted until after the Second World War . Legal education in England had stalled ; Blackstone 's work gave the law `` at least a veneer of scholarly respectability '' . William Searle Holdsworth , one of Blackstone 's successors as Vinerian Professor , argued that `` If the Commentaries had not been written when they were written , I think it very doubtful that -LSB- the United States -RSB- , and other English speaking countries would have so universally adopted the common law . '' In the United States , the Commentaries influenced Alexander Hamilton , John Marshall , James Wilson , John Jay , John Adams , James Kent and Abraham Lincoln , and remain frequently cited in Supreme Court decisions . ", "Harry Blackstone -LRB- September 27 , 1885 -- November 16 , 1965 -RRB- was a famed stage magician and illusionist of the 20th century . Blackstone was born Harry Bouton in Chicago , Illinois , he began his career as a magician in his teens and was popular through World War II as a USO entertainer . He was often billed as The Great Blackstone . His son Harry Blackstone Jr. also became a famous magician . Blackstone Sr. was aided by his younger brother -LRB- 2 years younger -RRB- Pete Bouton who was the stage manager in all his shows . Blackstone Sr. was married three times . Blackstone Jr. was his son by his second wife . ", "William James Gray -LRB- 1874 -- 1960 -RRB- was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the mid 20th century . Gray was educated at the London College of Divinity . After curacies in Brixton and Beckenham he was Vicar of Ide Hill and Chaplain to Sevenoaks Workhouse and Infirmary from 1911 to 1915 . He was the incumbent at St Nicholas with St Clement , Rochester from 1915 to 1942 ; Rural Dean of Rochester from 1925 to 40 ; Archdeacon of Tonbridge from 1940 to 1953 ; and Vicar of Kippington from 1942 to 1952 . He retired in 1953 and died on 17 September 1960 . ", "William Collingwood Smith -LRB- 10 December 1815 Greenwich - 15 March 1887 Brixton Hill -RRB- , was a noted English watercolourist . William 's father William Smith worked for the Admiralty and was a musician and amateur artist . William had no formal training in art , but had studied under James Duffield Harding . Initially he painted in oils , but later became a proficient watercolourist . In 1843 he became an Associate , and subsequently a Member , of the Society of Painters in Water Colours which later became the Royal Watercolour Society , serving as treasurer for some twenty years , and starting its Art Club . He also joined the New Society of Painters in Water Colours . Specialising in marine and river scenes , and sweeping landscapes , he turned out more than a thousand paintings and drawings . He travelled extensively in Britain and on the Continent , often painting scenes which had news interest . His images were often engraved and reproduced in the Illustrated London News . Shipping scenes he painted included HMS Dreadnought , which took part in the Battle of Trafalgar . His first exhibition at the Royal Academy was in 1836 and his last in 1855 , also exhibiting with the Water Colour Society and at the Suffolk Street Galleries . He enjoyed an outstanding reputation as a teacher so that his classes at Wyndham Lodge , 13 Brixton Hill , included not only amateurs , but also professionals , and military and naval officers . His works are to be found in numerous galleries , both public and private . His grave is in the West Norwood Cemetery . He is buried there alongside his wife Louisa Triquet and his son William Harding Collingwood Smith who was also an artist . ", "Charles Isaac Elton , QC -LRB- 6 December 1839 -- 23 April 1900 -RRB- was an English lawyer , antiquary , and politician . He is most famous for being the author of the bestselling book The Great Book-Collectors . He was born in Southampton . Educated at Cheltenham and Balliol College , Oxford , he was elected a fellow of Queen 's College in 1862 . He was called to the bar at Lincoln 's Inn in 1865 . His remarkable knowledge of old real property law and custom helped him to an extensive conveyancing practice and he took silk in 1885 . He sat in the House of Commons for West Somerset in 1884 -- 1885 and for Wellington , Somerset from 1886 to 1892 . In 1869 he succeeded to his uncle 's property of Whitestaunton Manor , near Chard , Somerset . During the later years of his life he retired to a great extent from legal practice , and devoted much of his time to literary work . He died at Whitestaunton . Elton 's principal works were The Great Book-Collectors -LRB- 1864 -RRB- ; The Tenures of Kent -LRB- 1867 -RRB- ; Treatise on Commons and Waste Lands -LRB- 1868 -RRB- ; Law of Copyholds -LRB- 1874 -RRB- ; Origins of English History -LRB- 1882 -RRB- ; Custom and Tenant Right -LRB- 1882 -RRB- . William Shakespeare : His Family and Friends -LRB- 1903 -RRB- , ed from posthumous papers by A Hamilton Thompson Virginia Woolf often quotes his poem `` Luriana Lurilee '' in her novel To the Lighthouse -LRB- 1927 -RRB- , although the poem itself was not published until 1945 . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Skopje", "Battle_of_Şarköy", "Battle_of_Spercheios", "Bulgaria–Cyprus_relations", "Pirot_Fortress" ]

[ "Skopje -LRB- Скопје , -LSB- ˈskɔpjɛ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia . It is the country 's political , cultural , economic , and academic center . It was known in the Roman period under the name Scupi . The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC ; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre . On the eve of the 1st century AD , the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp . When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD , Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople . During much of the early medieval period , the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire , whose capital it was between 972 and 992 . From 1282 , the town was part of the Serbian Empire and acted as its capital city from 1346 to 1371 . In 1392 , the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks who called the town Üsküp . The town stayed under Turkish control for over 500 years , serving as the capital of pashasanjak of Üsküb and later the Vilayet of Kosovo . At that time the city was famous for its oriental architecture . In 1912 , it was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars and after the First World War the city became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes -LRB- Kingdom of Yugoslavia -RRB- . In the Second World War the city was conquered by the Bulgarian Army , which was part of the Axis powers . In 1944 , it became the capital city of Democratic Macedonia -LRB- later Socialist Republic of Macedonia -RRB- , which was a federal state , part of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia -LRB- later Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia -RRB- . The city developed rapidly after World War II , but this trend was interrupted in 1963 when it was hit by a disastrous earthquake . In 1991 , it became the capital city of an independent Macedonia . Skopje is located on the upper course of the Vardar River , and is located on a major north-south Balkan route between Belgrade and Athens . It is a center for metal-processing , chemical , timber , textile , leather , and printing industries . Industrial development of the city has been accompanied by development of the trade , logistics , and banking sectors , as well as an emphasis on the fields of transportation , culture and sport . According to the last official count from 2002 , Skopje has a population of 506,926 inhabitants ; according to two more recent unofficial estimates , the city has a population of 668,518 or 491,000 inhabitants . ", "The Battle of Şarköy or Sarkoy operation -LRB- Битка при Шаркьой , Şarköy Çıkarması -RRB- took place between 9 and 11 February 1913 during the First Balkan War between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire . The Ottomans attempted a counter-attack , but were defeated by the Bulgarians at the Battles of Bulair and Şarköy . ", "The Battle of Spercheios took place in 997 AD , on the shores of the Spercheios river near the city of Lamia in central Greece . It was fought between a Bulgarian army led by Tsar Samuil , that in the previous year had penetrated south into Greece , and a Byzantine army under the command of general Nikephoros Ouranos . The Byzantine victory virtually destroyed the Bulgarian army , and stopped its raids in the southern Balkans and Greece . The major historical source on the battle comes from Greek historian John Skylitzes whose Synopsis of Histories contains a biography of the then reigning Byzantine Emperor , Basil II . ", "Bulgaria -- Cyprus relations are the close diplomatic relations between Cyprus and Bulgaria . Bulgaria was one of the first countries to recognise Cypriot independence in 1960 , leading to the celebration of 50 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 2010 . These relations have developed positively on the international stage as well as in commerce and strategic affairs . Bulgaria has an embassy in Nicosia and a consulate general in Limassol . Cyprus has an embassy in Sofia and a branch office in Burgas . ", "Momchilov grad -LRB- Momchilo 's fortress -RRB- is situated in Pirot , Serbia . It was built in the 14th century by Bulgarian brigand and local ruler Momchil . In 1344 , the regency concluded a further alliance with Bulgaria , which required the surrender of Philippopolis -LRB- Plovdiv -RRB- and nine other towns in northern Thrace along the river Evros . Nevertheless , after their occupation , Ivan Alexander refrained from direct action against John VI Kantakouzenos ' forces operating in southern and eastern Thrace . At the same time , Momchil , a former brigand whom Kantakouzenos had entrusted with control over the Merope -LRB- region -RRB- in the Rhodope mountains , switched over to the regency . It was supposed to serve as a defense against the Turks on the busy road which led from Belgrade to Constantinople . Pirot Fortress was declared Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1979 , and it is protected by Republic of Serbia . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "B._R._Ambedkar", "Mahdi_Hasan", "Narahar_Raghunath_Phatak", "Amritlal_Hargovinddas", "Nathu_Ram_Ahirwar" ]

[ "Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar -LRB- 14 April 1891 -- 6 December 1956 -RRB- , popularly known as Baba Saheb , was an Indian jurist , economist , politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist Movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables -LRB- Dalits -RRB- , while also supporting the rights of women and labour . He was Independent India 's first law minister and the principal architect of the Constitution of India . Ambedkar was a prolific student , earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics , and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law , economics and political science . In his early career he was an economist , professor , and lawyer . His later life was marked by his political activities ; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for India 's independence , publishing journals , advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits , and contributing significantly to the establishment of the state of India . In 1956 he converted to Buddhism , initiating mass conversions of Dalits . In 1990 , the Bharat Ratna , India 's highest civilian award , was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar . Ambedkar 's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture . ", "Mahdi Hasan -LRB- born 21 March 1936 , Akbarpur , Ambedkar Nagar , Uttar Pradesh ; died 12 January 2013 , Lucknow -RRB- was a prominent Indian anatomist . ", "Narahar Raghunath Phatak -LRB- Devanagari : नरहर रघुनाथ फाटक -RRB- -LRB- April 15 , 1893 -- December 21 , 1979 -RRB- was a biographer and literary critic from Maharashtra , India . He wrote mostly in Marathi . Phatak presided over Marathi Sahitya Sammelan in Hyderabad in 1947 . ", "Amritlal Hargovinddas -LRB- 29 August 1889 -- 12 December 1964 -RRB- was a noted industrialist , textile mill owner and philanthropist from Ahmedabad , India . ", "Nathu Ram Ahirwar -LRB- 1 July 1923 -- 5 December 2013 -RRB- was an Indian politician , social leader , Former Education minister and educationist from the village of Bhamoura Khas in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh , India . Former minister of Madhya Pradesh and senior Congress leader died at his ancestral village Bhamoura Khas here following brief illness . Ahirwar , who had been ailing for quite some time , died on 5 December 2013 around 18:00 , his family said . He has served as a Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly for years 1957-62 and was also elected as a Member of Fourth Lok Sabha - -LRB- 1967 -- 70 -RRB- and Fifth Lok Sabha - -LRB- 1971-1977 -RRB- as a member of Congress Party from Tikamgarh constituency , a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes . He has also served as Minister of State for Rehabilitation and Cooperation and Education Minister . He was elected as Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Khargapur constituency in 1977 as representative of Janata Party and in 1980 as member of Congress Party . After 1997 , he left Congress and joined Bahujan Samaj Party . He is noted for his activities for betterment of scheduled castes and also an educationist , who served as member of Secondary Education Committee , Madhya Pradesh -LRB- 1958 -- 63 -RRB- . He has also founded a Higher Secondary School at Teharka Tikamgarh and also is Vice-President , Degree College of Newari near Tikamgarh . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Romani_people_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia", "Romani_people_in_Greece", "Romani_diaspora", "Romani_people", "Lisovići_-LRB-Srebrenik-RRB-" ]

[ "According to the last census from 2002 , there were 53 879 people counted as Romani in the Republic of Macedonia '' ' , or 2.66 % of the population . Another 3 843 people have been counted as `` Egyptians '' -LRB- 0.2 % -RRB- . Altogether , 2.85 % Romani and Egyptians have been registered in Macedonia . Other sources claim the number to be between 80 000 and 260 000 Roma in Macedonia or approximately 4 to 12 % of the total population . The municipality of Šuto Orizari is the only municipality in the world with a Romani majority and the only municipality where Romani is an official language . Due to the demographics , both Romani and Macedonian are official in Šuto Orizari , the municipality being officially bilingual . The mayor of the municipality , Elvis Bajram , is an ethnic Roma . In 2009 , the Government of the Republic of Macedonia took measures to enlarge inclusion of Romani in the education process . The Republic of Macedonia is the region 's leader in respecting the rights of the Romani people . It is the first country in the region with a minister of Romani ethnicity and also has a lot of Romani in high government positions . However , there is still a lot to be done concerning the education and integration of the Romani . ", "The Romani people of Greece are called Arlije/Erlides , Tsiganoi or the more derogatory term Gyftoi -LRB- Gypsies -RRB- . The number of Roma in Greece is currently estimated to be between 200,000 and 300,000 people . ", "The Roma people have a number of distinct populations , the largest being the Roma and the Iberian Calé or Caló , who reached Anatolia and the Balkans about the early 12th century , from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier . They settled in present-day Turkey , Greece , Serbia , Romania , Moldova , Bulgaria , Macedonia , Hungary and Slovakia , by order of volume , and Spain . From the Balkans , they migrated throughout Europe and , in the nineteenth and later centuries , to the Americas . The Romani population in the United States is estimated at more than one million . There is no official or reliable count of the Romani populations worldwide . Many Romani refuse to register their ethnic identity in official censuses for fear of discrimination . Others are descendants of intermarriage with local populations and no longer identify only as Romani , or not at all . As of the early 2000s , an estimated 4 to 9 million Romani people lived in Europe and Asia Minor . although some Romani organizations estimate numbers as high as 14 million . Significant Romani populations are found in the Balkan peninsula , in some Central European states , in Spain , France , Russia , and Ukraine . The total number of Romani living outside Europe are primarily in the Middle East and North Africa and in the Americas , and are estimated in total at more than two million . Some countries do not collect data by ethnicity . The Romani people identify as distinct ethnicities based in part on territorial , cultural and dialectal differences , and self-designation . The main branches are : Roma , concentrated in Central and Eastern Europe and Italy , they emigrated -LRB- mostly from the 19th century onwards -RRB- to the rest of Europe , as well as the Americas ; Iberian Kale , mostly in Spain -LRB- see Romani people in Spain -RRB- , but also in Portugal -LRB- see Romani people in Portugal -RRB- , Southern France and Latin America ; Finnish Kale , in Finland , emigrated also in Sweden ; Welsh Kale , in Wales and the British Isles ; Romanichal , in the United Kingdom , some emigrated also to the United States , Canada and Australia ; Sinti , in German-speaking areas of Europe and some neighboring countries ; Manush , in French-speaking areas of Europe -LRB- in French : Manouche -RRB- ; and Romanisæl , in Norway and Sweden . The Romani have additional internal distinctions , with groups identified as Bashaldé ; Churari ; Luri ; Ungaritza ; Lovari -LRB- Lovara -RRB- from Hungary ; Machvaya -LRB- Machavaya , Machwaya , or Macwaia -RRB- from Serbia ; Romungro from Hungary and neighbouring Carpathian countries ; Erlides -LRB- also Yerlii or Arli -RRB- ; Xoraxai -LRB- Horahane -RRB- from Greece/Turkey ; Boyash -LRB- Lingurari , Ludar , Ludari , Rudari , or Zlătari -RRB- from Romanian/Moldovan miners ; Ursari from Romanian/Moldovan bear-trainers ; Argintari from silversmiths ; Aurari from goldsmiths ; Florari from florists ; and Lăutari from singers . ", "The Romani -LRB- also spelled Romany ; -LSB- ˈroʊməni -RSB- , -LSB- ˈrɒ - -RSB- -RRB- , or Roma , are a traditionally nomadic ethnic group , living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent , apparently from the region that is currently occupied by the Indian states of Rajasthan , Haryana , and Punjab . The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym `` Gypsies '' -LRB- or `` Gipsies '' -RRB- , which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity . They are a dispersed people , but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe , especially Central , Eastern and Southern Europe -LRB- including Turkey , Spain and Southern France -RRB- . The Romani originated in Northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia , and Europe soon thereafter , around 1,000 years ago , either separating from the Dom people or , at least , having a similar history . Specifically , the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century . Since the 19th century , some Romani have also migrated to the Americas . There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States ; and 800,000 in Brazil , most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe . Brazil also includes some Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era . In migrations since the late nineteenth century , Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada . In February 2016 , during the International Roma Conference , the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India . The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora . The Romani language is divided into several dialects , which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million . The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large -LRB- several times as large according to high estimates -RRB- . Many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence , or of mixed languages combining the two ; those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani . ", "Lisovići is a village the Srebrenik municipality in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina . According to the 1991 census , the village had 826 inhabitants , with a majority identifying as Muslims by ethnicity . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Gory_Guerrero", "Alberto_Valdiri", "Santiago_Guerrero_Gutiérrez", "Pablo_Krögh", "Joaquim_Veà_Baró" ]

[ "Salvador Guerrero Quesada -LRB- January 11 , 1921 -- April 18 , 1990 -RRB- , better known as Gory Guerrero , was one of the premier Hispanic professional wrestlers in the early days of Lucha Libre when most wrestlers were imported from outside of Mexico . He wrestled primarily in Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre -LRB- EMLL -RRB- between the 1940s and 1960s . He was also the patriarch of the Guerrero wrestling family . ", "Alberto Valdiri -LRB- Barranquilla - August 14 , 1959 -- Bogotá - December 20 , 2014 -RRB- was a Colombian actor whose credits included comedic and dramatics roles in television series , telenovelas , theater , and more than twenty films . He appeared as Gordito González on Yo soy Betty , la fea and Francisco Mujica in the 2008 telenovela , Doña Bárbara . Valdiri died from a heart attack in Bogota , Colombia , on December 20 , 2014 , at the age of 55 . He was buried in Cementerio Distrital Norte in Bogota . ", "Santiago Guerrero Gutiérrez -LRB- born 7 May 1949 -RRB- is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party . From 2000 to 2003 he served as Deputy of the LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guerrero . ", "Pablo Willy Krögh Baraona -LRB- 21 February 1963 -- 2 September 2013 -RRB- was a Chilean film , theater , television and voice actor . His credits included the Chilean films Machuca in 2004 and the 2009 dramatic film , Dawson Isla 10 , in which he portrayed the late politician , José Tohá . His television roles included the Chilevision telenovela series , La Doña . He was currently starring in the TVN television series , Bim bam bum , at the time of his death in 2013 . Krögh died from tongue cancer in Santiago , Chile , at approximately 5:00 a.m. on 2 September 2013 , at the age of 50 . He had been diagnosed with tongue cancer in 2012 . Numerous Chilean actors and directors posted tributes to Krögh on social media , including Ana Maria Gazmuri , Paula Sharim , Begoña Basauri , Lorena Capetillo , Herval Abreu and Daniel Alcaíno . ", "Joaquim Veà Baró -LRB- October 11 , 1958 -- February 23 , 2016 -RRB- was a Catalan primatologist . He had been a student of Jordi Sabater Pi , was biopsychology professor at the University of Barcelona and director of the Primate Research Centre of the same university . His research in the jungles of Zaire and Veracruz focused on the relationship between the environment and behavior of non-human primates , and changes in their relationships due to human activity . He died in Barcelona on February 23 , 2016 , two years after being diagnosed with Cancer . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Chaperone_-LRB-film-RRB-", "A_Fine_and_Private_Place_-LRB-film-RRB-", "One_True_Thing", "East_of_Ludgate_Hill", "Principal_photography" ]

[ "The Chaperone is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Stephen Herek , and also produced by WWE Studios . It stars Triple H , Yeardley Smith , Ariel Winter , Kevin Corrigan , José Zúñiga , Kevin Rankin , Enrico Colantoni , and Israel Boussard . ", "A Fine and Private Place was a proposed feature film from Paul Watson that was abandoned during filming , ostensibly due to poor weather . ", "One True Thing is a 1998 American drama film directed by Carl Franklin . It tells the story of a woman who is forced to put her life on hold in order to care for her mother who is dying of cancer . It was adapted by Karen Croner from the novel by Anna Quindlen . The novel and film are based on Anna Quindlen 's real life and her struggle of dealing with the death of her mother , Prudence Pantano Quindlen in 1972 , due to ovarian cancer . The film stars Meryl Streep , Renée Zellweger , William Hurt and Tom Everett Scott . Bette Midler sings the lead song , `` My One True Friend '' , over the end credits . The track was first released on Midler 's 1998 album Bathhouse Betty . It was shot in Morristown , NJ , Maplewood , NJ , as well as in Princeton University . ", "East of Ludgate Hill is a 1937 British drama film directed by Manning Haynes and starring Hal Gordon , Aubrey Mallalieu and Nancy O'Neil . It was a quota quickie made at Wembley Studios by the British subsidiary of 20th Century Fox . ", "thumb | 300px | Film production on location in Newark , New Jersey , April 2004 . Principal photography is the phase of film production in which the movie is filmed , with actors on set and cameras rolling , as distinct from pre-production and post-production . Principal photography is nearly always the most expensive phase of film production , due to actor , director , and set crew salaries , as well as the costs of certain shots , props , and on-set special effects . Its start generally marks a point of no return for the financiers , because until it is complete there is unlikely to be enough material filmed to release a final product needed to recoup costs . While it is common for a film to lose its greenlight status during pre-production -- for example , because an important cast member drops out -- it is extremely uncommon for financing to be withdrawn once principal photography has begun . Feature films usually have insurance in place by the time principal photography begins . The death of a bankable star before completing all planned takes , or the loss of sets or footage can render a film impossible to complete as planned . For example , sets are notoriously flammable . Furthermore , professional-quality movie cameras are normally rented as needed , and most camera houses will not allow rentals of their equipment without proof of insurance . Once a film concludes principal photography , it is said to have wrapped , and a wrap party may be organized to celebrate . During post-production , it may become clear that certain shots or sequences are missing or incomplete and are required to complete the film , or that a certain scene is not playing as expected , or even that a particular actor 's performance has not turned out as desired . In these circumstances , additional material may have to be shot . If the material has already been shot once , or is substantial , the process is referred to as a re-shoot , but if the material is new and relatively minor , it is often referred to as a pick-up . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Fuller_House_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "The_Loud_House", "A_Happy_Family", "Run_of_the_House", "Sweet,_Savage_Family" ]

[ "Fuller House is an American family sitcom and sequel to the 1987 -- 95 television series Full House , airing as a Netflix original series . It was created by Jeff Franklin , and is produced by Jeff Franklin Productions and Miller-Boyett Productions in association with Warner Horizon Television . The series centers around D.J. Tanner-Fuller , a veterinarian and widowed mother of three sons , whose sister and best friend -- the mother to a teenage daughter -- provide support in her sons ' upbringings by moving in with her . Most of the original series ensemble cast have reprised their roles on Fuller House , either as regular cast members or in guest appearances , with the exception of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen , who alternated in the role of Michelle Tanner on Full House . Netflix ordered an initial 13 episodes which were released on February 26 , 2016 worldwide . On March 2 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a second season , and production for the second season began on May 5 , 2016 . Thirteen new episodes were ordered and were released on December 9 , 2016 . On December 24 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season that will be released in 2017 , and on December 31 , 2016 , creator Jeff Franklin confirmed the season was given an 18-episode order . Production for the third season began on March 18 , 2017 . ", "The Loud House is an American animated television series created by animator and comic illustrator Chris Savino for Nickelodeon . The series revolves around the chaotic everyday life of a boy named Lincoln Loud , who is the middle child and only son in a large family of eleven children . It is set in a fictional town in Michigan called Royal Woods . The series was pitched to the network in 2013 as a two-minute short film entered in the annual Animated Shorts Program . It was greenlighted for production the following year . Episodes are produced at Nickelodeon Animation Studio in Burbank , California and animated by the Canadian studio Jam Filled Toronto . The series is based on Savino 's own childhood growing up in a large family , and its animation is largely influenced by newspaper comic strips . Nickelodeon first released two preview episodes of The Loud House to its website in April 2016 . The show officially premiered on May 2 , 2016 . Two seasons have since been broadcast , and a third is currently in development . Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies announced in March 2017 that the program will be adapted into a theatrical feature film , with a planned release date of February 7 , 2020 . The Loud House has gained high ratings since its debut , becoming the number-one children 's animated series on American television within its first month on the air . The show received widespread attention and a nomination at the 28th GLAAD Media Awards for its introduction of Howard and Harold McBride , two supporting characters who are a same-sex couple . In May 2017 , the show 's main characters were featured on the front cover of Variety as an example of cultural and ethnic diversity impacting television programs . ", "A Happy Family is a short animated film by Columbia Pictures , and part of the Krazy Kat series . ", "Run of the House is a sitcom on The WB , that aired between September 2003 and May 2004 . Nineteen episodes were produced but only sixteen were aired before the show was cancelled . The show was about a family of four siblings , whose parents moved from Grand Rapids , Michigan , to Arizona , because the weather would be better there for their father 's health . But they left the mostly-grown children to stay in their old house and look after themselves , with the 3 eldest siblings also having to deal with raising their 15-year-old sister , Brooke . There was also a nosy neighbor named Mrs. Norris who often popped in unannounced to check up on them . ", "Sweet , Savage Family is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Jung Joon-ho , Moon Jung-hee , Jung Woong-in and Yoo Sun . It aired on MBC on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:00 beginning November 18 , 2015 . The series is loosely based on the Marrying the Mafia film franchise , which also starred Jung Joon-ho . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film_series-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Pains", "Empty_Bowls" ]

[ "The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins . It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen , who lives in the future , post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America . The Capitol , a highly advanced metropolis , exercises political control over the rest of the nation . The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12 -- 18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death . The book received mostly positive responses from major reviewers and authors . It was praised for its plot and character development . In writing The Hunger Games , Collins drew upon Greek mythology , Roman gladiatorial games , and contemporary reality television for thematic content . The novel won many awards , including the California Young Reader Medal , and was named one of Publishers Weeklys `` Best Books of the Year '' in 2008 . The Hunger Games was first published in hardcover on September 14 , 2008 , by Scholastic , featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien . It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook . After an initial print of 200,000 , the book had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010 . Since its release , The Hunger Games has been translated into 26 languages , and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories . The novel is the first in The Hunger Games trilogy , followed by Catching Fire -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Mockingjay -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . A film adaptation , directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself , was released in 2012 . ", "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen -LRB- Lawrence -RRB- volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark -LRB- Hutcherson -RRB- , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy -LRB- Harrelson -RRB- . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day -LRB- $ 67.3 million -RRB- and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross -LRB- $ 152.5 million -RRB- was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress . ", "The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on The Hunger Games trilogy of novels , by the American author Suzanne Collins . Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen , Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark , Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy , Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket , Philip Seymour Hoffman as Plutarch Heavensbee , Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman , Donald Sutherland as President Snow and Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne . Gary Ross directed the first film , while Francis Lawrence directed the next three films . The first three films set records at the box office . The Hunger Games -LRB- 2012 -RRB- set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire -LRB- 2013 -RRB- set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014 . The films , including The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , received a positive reception from critics , with praise aimed at its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of the main protagonist , Katniss Everdeen . The Hunger Games is the 16th highest-grossing film franchise of all time , having grossed over US$ 2.9 billion worldwide . ", "The Hunger Pains is a 2012 New York Times bestselling novel by The Harvard Lampoon and a parody of Suzanne Collins 's The Hunger Games . It was first published on February 7 , 2012 through Touchstone Books , and a cinematic book trailer was released in March of the same year . ", "`` Empty Bowls '' is an international project to fight hunger , personalized by artists and art organizations on a community level . The promotion and growth of the project is managed by The Imagine/RENDER Group , a 501 -LRB- c -RRB- 3 organization . However , each community 's events are self developed and independent . The project expands one group of concerned artists and students at a time , and events are currently held in many areas in the United States and Canada , often in conjunction with the United Nations sponsored World Food Day . `` Empty Bowls '' now supports food related charities around the world and has raised millions of dollars to aid in the fight against hunger . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Ovary", "Ovarian_artery", "Yolk", "Endostyle", "Gamete" ]

[ "The ovary -LRB- From ovarium , literally `` egg '' or `` nut '' -RRB- is an ovum-producing reproductive organ , found in pairs in the female as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system . Birds have only one functional ovary -LRB- the left -RRB- , while the other remains vestigial . Ovaries in females are analogous to testes in males , in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands . Although ovaries occur in a wide variety of animals , both vertebrate and invertebrate , this article is primarily about human ovaries . ", "The ovarian artery is an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary in females . It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery . It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary , anterior to the ovarian vein and ureter . ", "Among those animals which produce one , the yolk -LRB- also known as the vitellus -RRB- is the nutrient-bearing portion of the egg whose primary function is to supply food for the development of the embryo . Some kinds of egg contain no yolk , for example because they are laid in situations where the food supply is adequate -LRB- such as in the body of the host of a parasitoid -RRB- or because the embryo develops in the parent 's body , which supplies the food , sometimes through a placenta . Reproductive systems in which the mother 's body supplies the embryo directly are said to be matrotrophic ; those in which the embryo is supplied by yolk are said to be lecithotrophic . In many species , such as all birds , and most reptiles and insects , the yolk takes the form of a special storage organ constructed in the reproductive tract of the mother . In many other animals , especially very small species such as some fishes and invertebrates , the yolk material is not in a special organ , but inside the ovum . As stored food , yolks are often rich in vitamins , minerals , lipids and proteins . The proteins function partly as food in their own right , and partly in controlling the storage and supply of the other nutrients . For example , in some species the amount of yolk in an egg cell affects the developmental processes that follow fertilization . The yolk is not living cell material like protoplasm , but largely passive material , that is to say deutoplasm . The food material and associated control structures are supplied during oogenesis . Some of the material is stored more or less in the form in which the maternal body supplied it , partly as processed by dedicated non-germ tissues in the egg , while part of the biosynthetic processing into its final form happens in the oocyte itself . Apart from animals , other organisms , like algae , specially in the oogamous , can also accumulate resources in their female gametes . In gymnosperms , the remains of the female gametophyte serve also as food supply , and in flowering plants , the endosperm . ", "The endostyle is an organ which assists lower-chordates -LRB- urochordates and cephalochordates , as well as the larvae of lampreys -RRB- in filter-feeding . It is a longitudinal ciliated fold located in the ventral pharyngeal wall , which secretes mucus to accumulate food particles and pass them along to the digestive tract . It aids in transporting food to the esophagus . The endostyle in larval lampreys -LRB- ammocetes -RRB- metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults , and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates due to its iodine-concentrating activity . Since the endostyle is found in the three branches of chordates , it is presumed to have arisen in the common ancestor of these taxa , along with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water . ", "A gamete -LRB- from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein `` to marry '' -RRB- is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization -LRB- conception -RRB- in organisms that sexually reproduce . In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes , and in which each individual produces only one type , a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete -- called an ovum -LRB- or egg -RRB- -- and a male produces the smaller tadpole-like type -- called a sperm . This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy , the condition in which females and males produce gametes of different sizes -LRB- this is the case in humans ; the human ovum has approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell -RRB- . In contrast , isogamy is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size and shape , and given arbitrary designators for mating type . The name gamete was introduced by the Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel . Gametes carry half the genetic information of an individual , one ploidy of each type , and are created through meiosis . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Warcraft_-LRB-film-RRB-", "War_&_Peace_-LRB-2016_TV_series-RRB-", "Total_War-COLON-_Warhammer", "Avadon_3-COLON-_The_Warborn", "Queen_of_Swords_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "Warcraft -LRB- alternatively known as Warcraft : The Beginning -RRB- is a 2016 American action-fantasy film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Jones , Charles Leavitt , and Chris Metzen . It is based on the Warcraft video game series and novels set in the world of Azeroth . The film stars Travis Fimmel , Paula Patton , Ben Foster , Dominic Cooper , Toby Kebbell , Ben Schnetzer , Robert Kazinsky , Clancy Brown , and Daniel Wu . The film portrays the initial encounters between the humans and the orcs and takes place in a variety of locations established in the video game series . The film was first announced in 2006 as a project partnership between Legendary Pictures and the game 's developer , Blizzard Entertainment . Warcraft premiered in Paris on May 24 , 2016 , and was released by Universal Pictures in the United States on June 10 , 2016 . The film grossed $ 433 million worldwide and is the highest-grossing video game adaptation of all time , although it was still considered a mild financial disappointment due to its very large $ 160 million budget . The film made over $ 220 million in China alone , representing more than half of its global total box office . ", "War & Peace is a British-American historical period drama television serial first broadcast on BBC One on 3 January 2016 . It is a six-part adaptation of the novel War and Peace by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy , written by Andrew Davies and directed by Tom Harper . War & Peace aired on A&E , Lifetime , and History Channel in the United States as four two-hour episodes , beginning on 18 January 2016 . The serial stars Paul Dano , Lily James and James Norton in the leading roles . ", "Total War : Warhammer is a turn-based strategy and real-time tactics video game developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega for Microsoft Windows , Linux and macOS via the Steam gaming platform . The game features the gameplay of the Total War series with factions of Games Workshop 's Warhammer Fantasy series ; it is the first Total War game not to portray a historical setting . It is the 10th title in the Total War series and the first title to be released in the Total War : Warhammer trilogy . Like previous titles in the Total War series , gameplay unfolds both on a scale of kingdoms in a turn-based strategy campaign , managing cities and the movement of armies across the Warhammer World , and on a smaller scale in real-time tactics skirmishes and sieges , managing the movement and actions of individual units and characters within an army during a battle . The player controls one of several fantasy factions , each with their own units , characters and abilities . These include Dwarves , Human Factions , Greenskins and Vampire Counts at launch , with more added as paid downloadable content . Total War : Warhammer was well received by critics and players , selling over half a million copies in its first few days on sale . ", "Avadon 3 : The Warborn is a single-player role-playing video game developed by Spiderweb Software . It is the third and final game in the Avadon trilogy . The game was released for Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows in September 2016 , A version for the iPad has been announced for release in late 2016 . ", "Queen of Swords is an action -- adventure television series set in California during the early 19th century that ran for one series from 2000 to 2001 . The series premiered October 7 , 2000 . After filming had been completed on 22 episodes and the first eight episodes were broadcast , the series was cancelled . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Team_Fortress_2", "Team_Fortress_Classic", "Robin_Walker_-LRB-game_designer-RRB-", "The_Orange_Box", "The_Twisted_Tales_of_Spike_McFang" ]

[ "Team Fortress 2 -LRB- TF2 -RRB- is a team-based multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation . It is the sequel to Team Fortress , the 1996 mod for Quake and its 1999 remake , Team Fortress Classic . It was released as part of the video game bundle The Orange Box in October 2007 for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox 360 . A PlayStation 3 version followed in December 2007 . The game was released for Windows as a standalone entry in April 2008 , and was updated to support OS X in June 2010 and Linux in February 2013 . It is distributed online through Valve 's digital retailer Steam , with retail distribution being handled by Electronic Arts . In Team Fortress 2 , players join one of two teams comprising nine character classes , battling in a variety of game modes including capture the flag and king of the hill . The development is led by John Cook and Robin Walker , creators of the original Team Fortress . Announced in 1998 , the game once had more realistic , militaristic visuals and gameplay , but this changed over the protracted nine-year development . After Valve released no information for six years , Team Fortress 2 regularly featured in Wired News annual vaporware list among other ignominies . The finished Team Fortress 2 has cartoon-like visuals influenced by the art of J. C. Leyendecker , Dean Cornwell , and Norman Rockwell , and uses Valve 's Source game engine . Team Fortress 2 received critical acclaim for its art direction , gameplay , humor , and use of character in a multiplayer-only game . Valve continues to release new content , including maps , items and game modes , as well as community-made updates and contributed content . In June 2011 , it became free-to-play , supported by microtransactions for in-game cosmetics . A ` drop system ' was also added and refined , allowing free-to-play users to periodically receive game equipment and items by use of a random number generator . Though the game had a unofficial competitive scene for many years , support for official competitive play through ranked matchmaking and an overhauled casual experience was added in July 2016 . ", "Team Fortress Classic is a team-based online multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and released by Valve in 1999 . Based on the 1996 Quake modification Team Fortress , the title was ported to Valve 's GoldSrc engine as a way of promoting Half-Life 's software development kit . Matches in Team Fortress Classic pit two teams against each other , with each team member having access to nine distinct classes . Competition takes place in a variety of scenarios , usually capture the flag , VIP protection , or territorial control . Since its release , the game has undergone significant upgrades to player models and game modes . ", "Robin Walker is an Australian video game designer best known for co-developing Team Fortress and Team Fortress 2 . ", "The Orange Box is a video game compilation for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , OS X and Linux . The Windows and Xbox 360 versions were produced and published by Valve Corporation and released on October 10 , 2007 , as a boxed retail copy . A Windows-only download through Valve 's Steam service was released the previous day . The PlayStation 3 version was published by Electronic Arts and released in North America and Europe on December 11 , 2007 . Valve also released a soundtrack containing music from the games within the compilation . The compilation contains five games , all powered by Valve 's Source engine . Two of the games included , Half-Life 2 and its first stand-alone expansion , Episode One , had previously been released as separate products . Three new games were also included in the compilation : the second stand-alone expansion , Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , the puzzle game Portal , and Team Fortress 2 , the multiplayer game sequel to Team Fortress Classic . A separate product entitled The Black Box was planned , which would have included only the new games , but was cancelled . The Orange Box received critical acclaim , with Portal being recognized as a surprise favorite of the package . The PlayStation 3 version of The Orange Box was noted for several technical shortcomings that were not present in the other versions , only a few of which were fixed through a single patch . ", ", is an action role-playing video game which was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System -LRB- SNES -RRB- , developed by Bullet Proof Software and Red Company , and published by Naxat Soft . It was published by Bullet-Proof Software in North America . The game is the sequel to the TurboGrafx-16 game Makai Prince Dorabotchan , which was only released in Japan . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Brie_Larson", "Tanner_Hall_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Short_Term_12", "The_Cold_Room", "Meet_the_Wife_-LRB-play-RRB-" ]

[ "Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers -LRB- born October 1 , 1989 -RRB- , known professionally as Brie Larson , is an American actress , director , and singer . Born in Sacramento , California , Larson was home-schooled before she studied acting at the American Conservatory Theater . She began her acting career in television , appearing as a regular on the 2001 sitcom Raising Dad , for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award . As a teenager , Larson had brief roles in the 2004 films 13 Going on 30 and Sleepover . Her performance in the comedy film Hoot -LRB- 2006 -RRB- was praised , and she subsequently played supporting roles in the films Greenberg -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Scott Pilgrim vs. the World -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , 21 Jump Street -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Don Jon -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . From 2009 to 2011 , Larson featured as a rebellious teenager in the television series United States of Tara . Larson 's breakthrough role came with the independent drama Short Term 12 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which she received critical acclaim . Further success came in 2015 when she starred in Room , an acclaimed drama based on Emma Donoghue 's novel of the same name . She won several awards for her portrayal of a troubled mother kidnap victim in the film , including the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critic 's Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress . In 2017 , she starred as a war photographer in the adventure film Kong : Skull Island , her highest-grossing release . In 2016 , Larson was cast as Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . ", "Tanner Hall is a 2009 independent drama film about four girls having their coming-of-age in boarding school . It was written and directed by Tatiana von Fürstenberg and Francesca Gregorini . It stars Rooney Mara , Georgia King , Brie Larson , Amy Ferguson , Tom Everett Scott , Amy Sedaris , Chris Kattan , and Shawn Pyfrom . ", "Short Term 12 is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Destin Daniel Cretton . The film is based on Cretton 's short film of the same name , produced in 2009 . It stars Brie Larson as Grace , the supervisor of a group home for troubled teenagers . Cretton was inspired to write Short Term 12 based on his own experience of working in a group facility for teenagers . He first wrote and produced a short film based on the idea and later adapted it into a feature-length screenplay . While Larson and John Gallagher , Jr. won their roles after auditioning through Skype , most of the children featured in the film were cast through open casting calls . Filming took place over 20 days in Los Angeles , California in September 2012 . Short Term 12 premiered on March 10 , 2013 at the South by Southwest film festival and was released in theaters on August 23 , 2013 . It grossed $ 2 million and was met with critical acclaim . Reviewers praised the film 's realism and intimacy , drawing particular attention to Larson 's performance and Cretton 's direction . The film won South by Southwest 's Grand Jury and Audience Awards for a Narrative Feature , as well as earning three Independent Spirit Award nominations . ", "The Cold Room is a 1984 cable television film by James Dearden . Based on an eponymous 1978 science fiction novel by Jeffrey Caine , the film stars George Segal , Amanda Pays -LRB- in her film debut -RRB- , Anthony Higgins , Renée Soutendijk , and Warren Clarke . The original film score is by Michael Nyman . It was a production of MCEG/Sterling Entertainment and released on VHS by Charter Entertainment . ", "Meet the Wife was a 1923 three act Broadway comedy written by Lynn Starling and produced by Stewart and French , Inc. . It ran for 232 performances from November 26 , 1923 to June 1924 at the Klaw Theatre . Mary Boland starred as inadvertent bigamist Gertrude Lennox , Humphrey Bogart as the juvenile lead reporter Gregory Brown and Clifton Webb as sporting youngblood Victor Staunton . It was set in Gertrude Lennox 's living room . It was adapted as a feature film also titled Meet the Wife in 1931 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Josh_Hutcherson", "Josh_Peck", "Alan_Blumenfeld", "Josh_Sapan", "Kevin_Costner" ]

[ "Joshua Ryan `` Josh '' Hutcherson -LRB- born October 12 , 1992 -RRB- is an American actor . A native of Kentucky , Hutcherson began his acting career in the early 2000s and appeared in several commercials and minor film and television roles before landing his first major role in 2002 in the pilot episode of House Blend . His first film role was in Miracle Dogs -LRB- 2003 -RRB- on Animal Planet , followed by a motion-capture performance in The Polar Express -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and a voice-acting role in Howl 's Moving Castle -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . Hutcherson 's other early film appearances include Little Manhattan , Zathura -LRB- both 2005 -RRB- , RV -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Bridge to Terabithia -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Journey to the Center of the Earth -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and The Kids Are All Right -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . In 2011 , he landed the leading role of Peeta Mellark in the box office record-setting film series The Hunger Games , released annually from 2012 to 2015 , for which he won three MTV Movie Awards and a People 's Choice Award . During the same period he also played a lead role in Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and a voice role in the animated film Epic -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Throughout his career , Hutcherson has expressed an interest in directing and producing . He has served as an executive producer in Detention -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Forger -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Escobar : Paradise Lost -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , while also playing a lead role in each film . He is also heavily involved in the gay -- straight alliance chapter called `` Straight But Not Narrow '' . ", "Joshua Michael `` Josh '' Peck -LRB- born November 10 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actor , voice actor and comedian . He is best known for playing Josh Nichols in the Nickelodeon live-action sitcom Drake & Josh . He began his career as a child actor in the late 90 's and early 2000s , and became known to young audiences after his role on The Amanda Show . He has since acted in films such as Mean Creek , Drillbit Taylor , The Wackness , ATM , and Red Dawn , along with voicing Eddie in the Ice Age franchise . He also starred as Gerald in a lead role with John Stamos in the series Grandfathered . He currently voices Casey Jones in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . He also starred in a Netflix comedy , `` Take The 10 '' along with Tony Revolori . Peck also makes regular appearances in David Dobrik 's YouTube videos . He appears as himself and usually is seen making jokes and relaxing . ", "Alan Blumenfeld -LRB- born September 4 , 1952 -RRB- is a veteran American character actor best known for his role in NBC 's TV series Heroes as Maury Parkman , the telepath father of Matt Parkman played by Greg Grunberg , and as Bob Buss in the telefilm 2gether . He has played Greg Grunberg 's father in both Felicity and Heroes . ", "Josh Sapan -LRB- born 1951 -RRB- is an American entertainment executive . Sapan is the CEO of AMC Networks , a position he has held since 1995 . Earlier in his career Sapan spearheaded the development of the Bravo network . ", "Kevin Michael Costner -LRB- born January 18 , 1955 -RRB- is an American actor , director , producer , and musician . His accolades include two Academy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and one Emmy Award . Costner has played Eliot Ness in The Untouchables , Crash Davis in Bull Durham , Ray Kinsella in Field of Dreams , Lt. John J. Dunbar in Dances with Wolves , Jim Garrison in JFK , Robin Hood in Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves , Frank Farmer in The Bodyguard , Roy McAvoy in Tin Cup , Jonathan Kent in the DC Extended Universe , and the Mariner in Waterworld . He directed , produced , and starred in The Postman . In television , Costner won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Miniseries or Television Film , and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie for his role as Devil Anse Hatfield in Hatfields & McCoys -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "Ann_Biderman", "Mierle_Laderman_Ukeles", "Ann_Bancroft", "Christilot_Hanson-Boylen", "Francine_Pelletier_-LRB-writer-RRB-" ]

[ "Ann Biderman -LRB- born August 15 , 1951 -RRB- is an American film and television writer . She is the creator and executive producer of the NBC/TNT series Southland -LRB- 2009 -- 2013 -RRB- , and won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing in a Drama Series for an episode of NYPD Blue . She created , wrote , and produced '' Ray Donovan . ", "Mierle Laderman Ukeles -LRB- born 1939 , Denver , Colorado -RRB- is a New York City-based artist known for her feminist and service-oriented artwork , which relates the idea of process in conceptual art to domestic and civic `` maintenance '' . ", "Ann Bancroft -LRB- born September 29 , 1955 -RRB- is an American author , teacher , and adventurer . She was the first woman to successfully finish a number of arduous expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic . She was inducted as honorary member of the National Women 's Hall of Fame in 1995 . ", "Christilot Hanson-Boylen -LRB- born 12 April 1947 in Djakarta , Indonesia -RRB- is a Canadian equestrian who competed as a member of the Canadian Equestrian Team in Dressage at six Olympic Games -LRB- 1964 , 1968 , 1972 , 1976 , 1984 , and 1992 -RRB- . Boylen 's mother was the late Javanese-born Canadian dancer , Willy Blok Hanson and her father was an Australian soldier . Her mother was of Chinese , Dutch , French , and Indonesian descent . Born in present-day Indonesia in 1947 , she moved with her family to Toronto , Ontario , Canada , in 1951 . Her parents divorced in the early 1970s . She earned individual gold medals at the 1971 , 1975 and 1987 Pan American Games , making her the only athlete to achieve three individual gold medals in Pan Am history . In addition , she has been a Canadian National Dressage Champion seven times . At the Summer Olympics , her best performance was in 1976 , when she came seventh in the individual competition and fifth in the team event . She was also the highest placed North American rider at the 1984 Olympics in the individual dressage when she came tenth . She now lives in Germany . She has written two books and produced a video about dressage and is one of the founders of the non-profit Canadian Dressage Owners and Riders Association -LRB- CADORA -RRB- . ", "Francine Pelletier -LRB- born 25 April 1959 in Laval , Quebec -RRB- is a Canadian science fiction writer , whose work often features strong female protagonists . She has been a winner of several literary prizes for science fiction , including the Prix Aurora Award . She has published over 20 novels for young readers , mostly in the science fiction and mystery genres , and dozens of short stories , as well as a few science-fiction novels for adults . Some of her work has been translated into English . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "The_Other_Side_of_Me_-LRB-Andy_Williams_album-RRB-", "See_You_on_the_Other_Side_-LRB-Korn_album-RRB-", "The_Other_Side_-LRB-2011_film-RRB-", "Your_Side", "Where_Do_We_Go_from_Here_-LRB-Chicago_song-RRB-" ]

[ "The Other Side of Me is an album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the summer of 1975 by Columbia Records . Although it did not make it onto Billboard magazine 's Top LP 's & Tapes chart in the US , it did spend one week on the UK album chart in October 1975 at number 60 . The UK version of the album included one additional track , `` Love Said Goodbye '' which had entered Billboard '' 's list of the 40 most popular Easy Listening songs of the week in the US in the issue dated January 11 , 1975 , and reached number 24 over the course of seven weeks . The first song released from the US version of the album was `` Sad Eyes '' , which entered the Easy Listening chart in the October 11 , 1975 , issue and stayed there for seven weeks , peaking at number 11 , and the title track from the album entered the UK singles chart on March 6 , 1976 , for a three-week stay that took the song to number 42 . The North American version of The Other Side of Me was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on February 19 , 2002 , the other album being Williams 's Columbia release from the fall of 1974 , You Lay So Easy on My Mind . Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled Classic Album Collection , Vol . 2 '' , which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29 , 2002 . ", "See You on the Other Side is the seventh studio album by Korn . It was released on December 6 , 2005 , by Virgin Records . It is their first album without long-time guitarist Brian `` Head '' Welch and the last album with original drummer David Silveria . The album was first certified gold in the United States on January 12 , 2006 ; a subsequent platinum record certification was awarded on March 16 , 2006 . The album is best known for the involvement of renowned production team ` The Matrix ' , best known for coproduction on works by Avril Lavigne , Britney Spears , and Shakira , who managed to give Korn 's music a different sound . The album features layout design and an original painting by the American surrealist / gothic painter David Stoupakis as a cover , eleven more paintings by the artist appear for the additional artwork and the deluxe special edition . ", "The Other Side is a 2011 comedy-drama film . The film is the directorial debut of writer David Michaels , who co-wrote the script with Phil Reeves . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Giovanni Ribisi , Dave Matthews , Anjelica Huston and Jason Lee . ", "Your Side is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Stanley Huang 's debut Mandarin solo studio album . It was released on 1 March 2000 by EMI Music Taiwan . ", "`` Where Do We Go from Here '' is a song from the American rock band Chicago 's second studio album , Chicago II -LRB- 1970 -RRB- . It was released as the B-side to the single `` 25 or 6 to 4 '' , one of the leading songs off of the record . With that single , it went to number four on the Pop Singles chart in June 1970 . The song was also the very first musical composition from bassist Peter Cetera , who was by this time contributing more than on the debut album released the year before . The song deals with how life is short , and that if you look around you can see that people need to embrace each other with love all the time , and not just when the country is at an all-time low -LRB- hence the Vietnam War -RRB- . The title line is taken from a TV reporter 's comment during the broadcast of the 1969 moon landing -- a historically positive event in stark contrast to the social upheavel on Earth at the time . A live performance of the song can be found on their 1971 Chicago at Carnegie Hall album . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "The_Other_Side_of_Me_-LRB-Andy_Williams_album-RRB-", "See_You_on_the_Other_Side_-LRB-Korn_album-RRB-", "The_Other_Side_-LRB-2011_film-RRB-", "Your_Side", "Where_Do_We_Go_from_Here_-LRB-Chicago_song-RRB-" ]

[ "The Other Side of Me is an album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the summer of 1975 by Columbia Records . Although it did not make it onto Billboard magazine 's Top LP 's & Tapes chart in the US , it did spend one week on the UK album chart in October 1975 at number 60 . The UK version of the album included one additional track , `` Love Said Goodbye '' which had entered Billboard '' 's list of the 40 most popular Easy Listening songs of the week in the US in the issue dated January 11 , 1975 , and reached number 24 over the course of seven weeks . The first song released from the US version of the album was `` Sad Eyes '' , which entered the Easy Listening chart in the October 11 , 1975 , issue and stayed there for seven weeks , peaking at number 11 , and the title track from the album entered the UK singles chart on March 6 , 1976 , for a three-week stay that took the song to number 42 . The North American version of The Other Side of Me was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on February 19 , 2002 , the other album being Williams 's Columbia release from the fall of 1974 , You Lay So Easy on My Mind . Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled Classic Album Collection , Vol . 2 '' , which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29 , 2002 . ", "See You on the Other Side is the seventh studio album by Korn . It was released on December 6 , 2005 , by Virgin Records . It is their first album without long-time guitarist Brian `` Head '' Welch and the last album with original drummer David Silveria . The album was first certified gold in the United States on January 12 , 2006 ; a subsequent platinum record certification was awarded on March 16 , 2006 . The album is best known for the involvement of renowned production team ` The Matrix ' , best known for coproduction on works by Avril Lavigne , Britney Spears , and Shakira , who managed to give Korn 's music a different sound . The album features layout design and an original painting by the American surrealist / gothic painter David Stoupakis as a cover , eleven more paintings by the artist appear for the additional artwork and the deluxe special edition . ", "The Other Side is a 2011 comedy-drama film . The film is the directorial debut of writer David Michaels , who co-wrote the script with Phil Reeves . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Giovanni Ribisi , Dave Matthews , Anjelica Huston and Jason Lee . ", "Your Side is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Stanley Huang 's debut Mandarin solo studio album . It was released on 1 March 2000 by EMI Music Taiwan . ", "`` Where Do We Go from Here '' is a song from the American rock band Chicago 's second studio album , Chicago II -LRB- 1970 -RRB- . It was released as the B-side to the single `` 25 or 6 to 4 '' , one of the leading songs off of the record . With that single , it went to number four on the Pop Singles chart in June 1970 . The song was also the very first musical composition from bassist Peter Cetera , who was by this time contributing more than on the debut album released the year before . The song deals with how life is short , and that if you look around you can see that people need to embrace each other with love all the time , and not just when the country is at an all-time low -LRB- hence the Vietnam War -RRB- . The title line is taken from a TV reporter 's comment during the broadcast of the 1969 moon landing -- a historically positive event in stark contrast to the social upheavel on Earth at the time . A live performance of the song can be found on their 1971 Chicago at Carnegie Hall album . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "Annie_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "Seven_Sisters_-LRB-Meja_album-RRB-", "Annie_-LRB-1982_film-RRB-", "Instant_Karma-COLON-_All-Time_Greatest_Hits", "Ys_-LRB-Joanna_Newsom_album-RRB-" ]

[ "Annie is a 2014 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Will Gluck and produced by Village Roadshow Pictures and Will Smith 's Overbrook Entertainment for Sony Pictures ' Columbia Pictures . A contemporary adaptation of the 1977 Broadway musical of the same name , the film stars Quvenzhané Wallis , Jamie Foxx , Rose Byrne , Bobby Cannavale , and Cameron Diaz . The third film adaptation , following Columbia 's 1982 theatrical film and Disney 's 1999 television film , Annie began production in August 2013 and opened on December 19 , 2014 to generally negative reviews , but was a box-office success , grossing over $ 133 million internationally . Annie received two Golden Globe Award nominations , one for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Comedy or Musical -LRB- for Wallis -RRB- and another for Best Original Song . Conversely , the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Prequel , Remake , Rip-off or Sequel and Cameron Diaz was nominated for Worst Supporting Actress . ", "Seven Sisters is the second studio album by Swedish singer-songwriter Meja , released in 1998 by Columbia Records . Again she collaborated with Billy Steinberg , along with her producer Douglas Carr and Jörgen Elofsson . The album came to be her international breakthrough with her massive hit `` All ` bout the Money '' . The song was released worldwide and gave her awards such as `` Best Album of the Year '' `` Best selling scandinavial artist '' at the World Music Awards in Monte Carlo and `` Best Pop Album '' The album also features singles like `` Intimacy '' and `` Pop & Television '' The album sold approximately 1 million units worldwide . `` All About the Money '' was also featured as a soundtrack to the Chevy Chase movie Funny Money in 2006 . The album was produced by Douglas Carr . ", "Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film adapted from Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse , Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan , which in turn is based on Little Orphan Annie , the 1924 comic strip by Harold Gray . The film was directed by John Huston , scripted by Carol Sobieski , and stars Albert Finney , Carol Burnett , Ann Reinking , Tim Curry , Bernadette Peters , Geoffrey Holder , Edward Herrmann , and Aileen Quinn in her film debut . Set during the Great Depression , the film tells the story of Annie , an orphan from New York City who is taken in by America 's richest billionaire Oliver Warbucks . Filming took place for six weeks at Monmouth University in New Jersey . The film , released on June 18 , 1982 , received mixed reviews from critics and was nominated for Best Production Design and Best Song Score and its Adaptation at the 55th Academy Awards . Quinn won a Best Young Actress at the Young Artist Awards . A television film sequel , named Annie : A Royal Adventure ! was released in 1995 . In their first film collaboration , Disney and Columbia Pictures produced a made for television version in 1999 . Columbia released a contemporary film adaptation on December 19 , 2014 . ", "Instant Karma : All-Time Greatest Hits , a three-disc compilation album of music recorded by John Lennon , is a budget release targeted for sale at warehouse-type stores such as Sam 's Club and Costco . The album was released in 2002 by Timeless/Traditions Alive Music under license from Capitol/EMI Special Projects . Disc one , subtitled The Hits , contained eleven songs that were previously released on singles . Disc two , subtitled Sings Classic Rock 'N' Roll , contained ten cover songs recorded during Lennon 's Rock 'n' Roll sessions as well as `` Blue Suede Shoes '' and `` Dizzy , Miss Lizzy , '' which were recorded live in Toronto in 1969 . Disc three , subtitled The Classics Live , contained twelve songs recorded live in New York City either in August 1972 with Elephant 's Memory at Madison Square Garden or , in the case of `` Well -LRB- Baby Please Do n't Go -RRB- , '' with Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention at the Fillmore East in June 1971 . All thirty-five songs on the album had been previously released . ", "Ys -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˈiːs -RSB- -RRB- is the second studio album by American musician Joanna Newsom . It was released by Drag City on November 6 , 2006 . The album was produced by Newsom and Van Dyke Parks , recorded by Steve Albini , mixed by Jim O'Rourke , with accompanying orchestral arrangements by Van Dyke Parks . It features guest vocals from Newsom 's then-boyfriend Bill Callahan and from her sister , Emily Newsom . The vocals and harp were recorded at The Village Recording Studio in Los Angeles in December 2005 , with the orchestration being recorded between May and June 2006 at the Entourage Studios in Los Angeles . The album consists of five tracks with song durations ranging from 7 to 17 minutes that deal with events and people who had been important in Newsom 's life in the year previous to recording . These events include the sudden death of Newsom 's best friend , a continuing illness and a tumultuous relationship . The album was named after the city of Ys , which according to myth was built on the coast of Brittany and later swallowed by the ocean . The albums ' title was the last element to be confirmed and was a result of a dream that Joanna had which featured the letters Y and S and a book recommended by a friend that contained reference to the myth . Upon release Ys was met with widespread critical acclaim and became Newsom 's first album to chart in the Billboard 200 , where it peaked at number 134 , as well as charting in the United Kingdom , France , Norway and Ireland . In recent years , the album has been featured on several music publications ' lists of the greatest albums of the 2000s as well as all-time . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Gamal_Abdel_Nasser", "Kafr_Qasim_massacre", "Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Street", "November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d'état", "Hashimiya_attack" ]

[ "Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein -LRB- جمال عبد الناصر حسين , -LSB- ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn -RSB- ; 15 January 1918 -- 28 September 1970 -RRB- was the second President of Egypt , serving from 1956 until his death . Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year . Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member , he cracked down on the organization , put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest , and assumed executive office , officially becoming president in June 1956 . Nasser 's popularity in Egypt and the Arab world skyrocketed after his nationalization of the Suez Canal and his political victory in the subsequent Suez Crisis . Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased , culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria -LRB- 1958 -- 1961 -RRB- . In 1962 , Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt . Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause , by 1963 Nasser 's supporters gained power in several Arab countries , but he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War . He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running . Following Egypt 's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War , Nasser resigned , but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement . By 1968 , Nasser had appointed himself prime minister , launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory , began a process of depoliticizing the military , and issued a set of political liberalization reforms . After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit , Nasser suffered a heart attack and died . His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world . Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world , particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity , modernization policies , and anti-imperialist efforts . His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom , and launched large industrial projects , including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City . Nasser 's detractors criticize his authoritarianism , corruption , incompetence , and human rights violations , his propagandistic manipulation of the populace , and his dominance of military over civil institutions , establishing a pattern of military and dictatorial rule in Egypt . ", "The Kafr Qasim massacre took place in the Israeli Arab village of Kafr Qasim situated on the Green Line , at that time , the de facto border between Israel and the Jordanian West Bank on October 29 , 1956 . It was carried out by the Israel Border Police -LRB- Magav -RRB- , who killed Arab civilians returning from work during a curfew , imposed earlier in the day , on the eve of the Sinai war , of which they were unaware . In total 48 people died , of which 19 were men , 6 were women and 23 were children aged 8 -- 17 . Arab sources usually give the death toll as 49 , as they include the unborn child of one of the women . The border policemen who were involved in the shooting were brought to trial and found guilty and sentenced to prison terms , but all received pardons and were released in a year . The brigade commander was sentenced to pay the symbolic fine of 10 prutot -LRB- old Israeli cents -RRB- . The Israeli court found that the command to kill civilians was `` blatantly illegal '' . In December 2007 , President of Israel Shimon Peres formally apologised for the massacre . ", "Jamal Abdel Nasser Street -LRB- also spelled Gamal Abdel Nasser Street and alternatively known as Thalatheny Street -RRB- is a major street in Gaza that originates in the Old City where it branches off Ni'im al-Din al-Arabi Street and runs north into Rimal where it connects to Ahmed Orabi Street , the main coastal highway . It runs parallel to Omar Mukhtar Street . The street was named after the late President of Egypt and pan-Arabist leader Gamal Abdel Nasser . The unofficial , but common local name is Thalatheny Street , which is named after the Thalatheny clan who have historically lived in that area . Major buildings located along Jamal Abdel Nasser Street include the Gaza headquarters of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency -LRB- UNRWA -RRB- , the al-Azhar University and the Islamic University of Gaza . ", "The November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état took place between November 13 and November 18 , 1963 when , following internal party divisions , pro-Nasserist Iraqi officers led a military coup within the Ba'ath Party . Although the coup itself was bloodless , 250 people were killed in related action . ", "Assailants ambushed a security convoy transporting prisoners in Hashimiyah area , Babil governorate , Iraq . At least 75 people were killed and five people were injured in the attack ; the victims included prisoners , police officers , and assailants . No group claimed responsibility for the incident ; however , sources attributed the attack to ISIL . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Set_Design", "Hair_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Hair_-LRB-musical-RRB-", "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Motion_Picture_Drama", "Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" ]

[ "The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre among Broadway , Off Broadway and Off-Off Broadway productions . In the 1998 ceremony the category was separated , to honor both plays and musicals . The category was reinstated in the 2010 ceremony . † - indicates the performance won the Tony Award ‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Tony Award ", "Hair is a 1979 musical war comedy-drama film adaptation of the 1968 Broadway musical Hair : An American Tribal Love-Rock Musical about a Vietnam War draftee who meets and befriends a tribe of long-haired hippies on his way to the army induction center . The hippies introduce him to their environment of marijuana , LSD , unorthodox relationships and draft evasion . The film was directed by Miloš Forman -LRB- who received a César Award nomination for his work on the film -RRB- and adapted for the screen by Michael Weller -LRB- who would collaborate with Forman on a second picture , Ragtime , two years later -RRB- . Cast members include Treat Williams , John Savage , Beverly D'Angelo , Don Dacus , Annie Golden , Dorsey Wright , Nell Carter , Cheryl Barnes , Richard Bright , Ellen Foley and Charlotte Rae . Dance scenes were choreographed by Twyla Tharp and performed by the Twyla Tharp Dance Foundation . The film was nominated for Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and New Star of the Year in a Motion Picture -LRB- for Williams -RRB- . ", "Hair : The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot . A product of the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution of the late 1960s , several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement . The musical 's profanity , its depiction of the use of illegal drugs , its treatment of sexuality , its irreverence for the American flag , and its nude scene caused much comment and controversy . The musical broke new ground in musical theatre by defining the genre of `` rock musical '' , using a racially integrated cast , and inviting the audience onstage for a `` Be-In '' finale . Hair tells the story of the `` tribe '' , a group of politically active , long-haired hippies of the `` Age of Aquarius '' living a bohemian life in New York City and fighting against conscription into the Vietnam War . Claude , his good friend Berger , their roommate Sheila and their friends struggle to balance their young lives , loves , and the sexual revolution with their rebellion against the war and their conservative parents and society . Ultimately , Claude must decide whether to resist the draft as his friends have done , or to succumb to the pressures of his parents -LRB- and conservative America -RRB- to serve in Vietnam , compromising his pacifist principles and risking his life . After an off-Broadway debut in October 1967 at Joseph Papp 's Public Theater and a subsequent run at the Cheetah nightclub from December 1967 through January 1968 , the show opened on Broadway in April 1968 and ran for 1,750 performances . Simultaneous productions in cities across the United States and Europe followed shortly thereafter , including a successful London production that ran for 1,997 performances . Since then , numerous productions have been staged around the world , spawning dozens of recordings of the musical , including the 3 million-selling original Broadway cast recording . Some of the songs from its score became Top 10 hits , and a feature film adaptation was released in 1979 . A Broadway revival opened in 2009 , earning strong reviews and winning the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for best revival of a musical . In 2008 , Time magazine wrote , `` Today Hair seems , if anything , more daring than ever . '' ", "The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951 . Previously , there was a single award for `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture '' but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . The formal title has varied since its inception . In 2005 , it was officially called : `` Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . As of 2013 , the wording is `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . Notes : '' † '' indicates an Academy Award-winning performance . '' ‡ '' indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance that same year . '' § '' indicates a Golden Globe Award-winning performance that was not nominated for an Academy Award . ", "The Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual film awards given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association . " ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Numenius_of_Apamea", "Numenes_siletti", "Gaius_Octavius_Tidius_Tossianus_Lucius_Javolenus_Priscus", "Zhou_Yiqun", "Abundantius_-LRB-consul-RRB-" ]

[ "Numenius of Apamea was a Greek philosopher , who lived in Apamea in Syria and flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century AD . He was a Neopythagorean and forerunner of the Neoplatonists . ", "Numenes siletti is a moth of the family Erebidae . It is found in north-eastern India and Peninsular Malaysia . ", "Gaius Octavius Tidius Tossianus Lucius Javolenus Priscus was a Roman jurist and senator who flourished during the Flavian dynasty . Many of his judgments are quoted in the Digest , and he served as suffect consul for the nundinium September-December AD 86 with Aulus Bucius Lappius Maximus . His full name is known from , where the second praenomen is written inside the second O of Tossiaano -LRB- sic -RRB- , leading Ollie Salomies to suggest that `` Lucius '' was `` added at some later stage , perhaps erroneously '' . ", "Zhou Yiqun -LRB- June 25 , 1896 -- May 20 , 1931 -RRB- courtesy name Lifeng , was a member of the Chinese Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army . He was born in Tongren , Guizhou Province . In 1919 , after completing his early education in Guiyang , he went to Japan as an exchange student . He returned to China in 1924 . In Shanghai he became an associate of Yun Daiying . In October of that year , he enrolled in the Whampoa Military Academy and joined the Communist Party of China in November . After the start of the Northern Expedition , he went to Changde as a member of the 9th Army , 1st Division of the National Revolutionary Army , commanded by He Long . On August 1 , 1927 , he participated in the Nanchang Uprising under He 's command . After the uprising 's defeat , he went to Chaozhou . In May 1928 , Zhou and his commander He went to Honghu to set up the communist base at the border of Hunan and Hubei Provinces . In 1930 , Zhou was made a political commissar . He was killed in an ambush in Huarong County . Category :1896 births Category :1931 deaths Category : Chinese Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army generals Category : Generals from Guizhou Category : People from Tongren Category : Republic of China people born during Qing ", "Flavius Abundantius -LRB- floruit 375-400 -RRB- was a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire . Of Scythian origin , he entered the Roman army under emperor Gratian -LRB- 367-375 -RRB- and climbed up its ranks until , around 392 and under emperor Theodosius I -LRB- 378-395 -RRB- , he became magister utriusque militiae . The next year , in 393 , he also held the consulate . The powerful eunuch and courtesan Eutropius , who had been introduced by Abundantius into the court , caused his downfall , because he longed for Abundantius ' properties : in 396 Eutropius had the new emperor Arcadius exile Abundantius at Pityus on the Black Sea and give all his properties to Eutropius himself . When Eutropius died -LRB- 399 -RRB- , Abundantius succeeded in being transferred to the more comfortable Sidon , where he was still alive in 400 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Salt_River_Valley", "South_Jordan,_Utah", "Salton_Sea_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "Stony_River_-LRB-Alaska-RRB-", "Salt_Lick_Creek_-LRB-Kentucky-RRB-" ]

[ "The Salt River Valley is an extensive valley on the Salt River in central Arizona , which contains the Phoenix Metropolitan Area . Although this geographic term still identifies the area , the name `` Valley of the Sun '' popularly replaced the usage starting in the early 1930s for purposes of boosterism . A common dust for testing air filter efficiency was derived from top soil dust from the Salt River Valley , referred to as Arizona Dust . The dust was found to include small abrasive particles . ", "South Jordan is a city in the U.S. state of Utah . The city lies in the Salt Lake Valley between the 9000 ft peaks of the Oquirrh Mountains and the 12000 ft peaks of the Wasatch Mountains and is part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area . The Jordan River flows through the middle of the valley and the city has a 3.5-mile -LRB- 5.6 km -RRB- section of the Jordan River Parkway that contains fishing ponds , trails , parks and natural habitat . Salt Lake County fair grounds and equestrian park , 67 acre Oquirrh Lake and 27 other parks are located inside the city . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 50,418 . The city was founded 18 mi south of Salt Lake City along the banks of the Jordan River in 1859 by Mormon settlers . An agrarian town for most of its history , today it is a rapidly growing bedroom community of Salt Lake City . Kennecott Land , a land development company , has recently begun construction on the master-planned Daybreak Community for the entire western half of South Jordan . Daybreak could potentially double South Jordan 's population . South Jordan is the first city in the world with two temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -LRB- Jordan River Utah Temple and Oquirrh Mountain Utah Temple -RRB- . The city has two TRAX light rail stops , as well as one commuter rail stop on the FrontRunner . ", "Salton Sea may refer to : ", "The Stony River is a 190 mi tributary of the Kuskokwim River in the U.S. state of Alaska . The river flows south from near Mount Mausolus in the Revelation Mountains of the Alaska Range through the northwestern corner of Lake Clark National Park and Preserve . From there , it flows generally westward to meet the larger river at the community of Stony River . ", "Salt Lick Creek is a stream in Lewis County , Kentucky , in the United States . It is a tributary of the Ohio River . The mineral lick from which Salt Lick Creek took its name was noted by settlers in the 18th century . Salt Lick Creek appeared on maps as early as the 1740s . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Babur", "Mughal_Empire", "Abu_Bakr_Mirza", "Ibrahim_Adil_Shah_II", "Muazzam_Khan" ]

[ "Babur -LRB- -LSB- بابر , lit = Tiger , translit = Bābur -RSB- 14 February 148326 December 1530 -RRB- , born Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muḥammad -LRB- -LSB- ظهیرالدین محمد , translit = Ẓahīr ad-Dīn Muḥammad -RSB- -RRB- , was a conqueror from Central Asia who , following a series of setbacks , finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor . He was a direct descendant of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur -LRB- Tamurlane -RRB- from the Barlas clan , through his father , and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother . He was also influenced by the Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors , giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent . Babur was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza . He ascended the throne of Fergana in 1495 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion from his own relatives . He conquered Samarkand two years later , only to lose the city of Fergana soon after . In his attempt to reconquer Fergana , he lost control of Samarkand . In 1501 , his attempt to recapture both cities went in vain as he was defeated by Muhammad Shaybani Khan . In 1504 , he conquered Kabul , which was under the rule of the infant heir of Ulugh Begh . Babur formed a partnership with Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of central Asia , including Samarkand , only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Uzbeks . After losing Samarkand for the third time , Babur turned his attention to creating his empire in north India . At that time , the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the northern Indian Subcontinent was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi of the Afghan Lodi dynasty , whereas Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput Confederacy , led by Rana Sanga of Mewar . In 1524 , Daulat Khan Lodi , a rebel of the Lodhi dynasty , invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim and become ruler . Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and founded the Mughal empire . However , he again faced opposition , this time from Rana Sanga of Mewar who considered Babur a foreigner . The Rana was defeated at the Battle of Khanwa . Babur married several times . Notable among his sons are Humayun , Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza . Babur died in 1530 and was succeeded by Humayun . According to Babur 's wishes , he was buried in Bagh-e-Babur in Kabul , Afghanistan . Being a patrilineal descendant of Timur , Babur considered himself a Timurid and Turk , though Uzbek sources claim him as an ethnic Uzbek . He is considered a national hero in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan . Many of his poems also have become popular folk songs . He wrote his autobiography , Baburnama , in Chaghatai Turkic and this was translated into Persian during Akbar 's reign . ", "The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire , self-designated as Gurkani -LRB- گورکانیان , Gūrkāniyān , meaning `` son-in-law '' -RRB- , was an empire in the Indian subcontinent , established and ruled by a Muslim Turkic dynasty of Chagatai origin from Central Asia . The dynasty , though ethnically Turco-Mongol , was Persianate in culture , with local influences visible in its traits and customs . The Mughal empire extended over large parts of the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan . The empire at its peak was the second largest to have existed in the Indian subcontinent , spanning 4 million square kilometres at its zenith after the Maurya Empire which spanned 5 million square kilometres . The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi , the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , in the First Battle of Panipat -LRB- 1526 -RRB- . The Mughal emperors were Central Asian Turco-Mongols belonging to the Timurid dynasty , who claimed direct descent from both Genghis Khan -LRB- founder of the Mongol Empire , through his son Chagatai Khan -RRB- and Timur -LRB- Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire -RRB- . During the reign of Humayun , the successor of Babur , the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire . The `` classic period '' of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne . Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir , the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony , and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions . Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms . Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India , but most of them were subdued by Akbar . All Mughal emperors were Muslims ; while Akbar was Muslim most of his life , he propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī , as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib . The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence , but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites , leading to more systematic , centralised , and uniform rule . Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India , such as the Marathas , the Rajputs , the Pashtuns , the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs , gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule , which , through collaboration or adversity , gave them both recognition and military experience . The reign of Shah Jahan , the fifth emperor , between 1628 and 1658 was the golden age of Mughal architecture . He erected several large monuments , the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra , as well as the Moti Masjid , Agra , the Red Fort , the Jama Masjid , Delhi , and the Lahore Fort . The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji Bhosale . During his lifetime , victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to more than 3.2 million square kilometres -LRB- 1.2 million square miles -RRB- , ruling over more than 150 million subjects , nearly one quarter of the world 's population at the time , with a combined GDP of over $ 90 billion . By the mid-18th century , the Marathas had routed Mughal armies and won over several Mughal provinces from the Punjab to Bengal . Internal dissatisfaction arose due to the weakness of the empire 's administrative and economic systems , leading to its break-up and declarations of independence of its former provinces by the Nawab of Bengal , the Nawab of Awadh , the Nizam of Hyderabad and other small states . In 1739 , the Mughals were crushingly defeated in the Battle of Karnal by the forces of Nader Shah , the founder of the Afsharid dynasty in Persia , and Delhi was sacked and looted , drastically accelerating their decline . During the following century Mughal power had become severely limited , and the last emperor , Bahadur Shah II , had authority over only the city of Shahjahanabad . He issued a firman supporting the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and following the defeat was therefore tried by the British East India Company for treason , imprisoned and exiled to Rangoon . The last remnants of the empire were formally taken over by the British , and the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown formally assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj . ", "Abu Bakr Mirza - was self-declared Shah of Shirvan after downfall of Kavus Mirza . ", "Ibrahim Adil Shah II -LRB- 1556 -- 12 September 1627 -RRB- was king of the Sultanate of Bijapur and a member of the Adil Shahi dynasty . Under his reign the dynasty had its greatest period as he extended its frontier as far south as Mysore . He was a skilful administrator , artist , poet and a generous patron of the arts . He reverted to the Sunni sect of Islam , but remained tolerant of other religions , including Christianity . However , during his reign high-ranking Shiite immigrants became unwelcome and in 1590 , he ordered the confinement of criers who read the khutba in the Shia form . After his reign , increasing weakness permitted Mughal encroachment and the successful revolt of the Maratha king Shivaji , who killed the Bijapur general Afzal Khan and scattered his army . The dynasty left a tradition of cosmopolitan culture and artistic patronage whose architectural remains are to be seen in the capital city of Bijapur . ", "Azam and Muazzam Khan , brothers who were archers and architects in the early 1400s Mir Jumla II -LRB- 1591 -- 1663 -RRB- , known as Mu'azzam Khan , subahdar of Bengal in Eastern India under the Mughal Emperor Aurangze Khizr Muazzam Khan , lawyer who , with his wife Ghazala , received international attention after a speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention Humayun Saqib Muazzam Khan , the son of Khizr and Ghazala Khan killed in action in 2004 during the Iraq War Muazzam Mujahid Ali Khan , musician in the Rizwan-Muazzam group " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Natasha_Lyonne", "Sasha_K._Gordon", "Christian_Galliard_de_Lavernée", "Svetlana_Lunkina", "Natasha_Williams_-LRB-actress-RRB-" ]

[ "Natasha Bianca Lyonne Braunstein -LRB- born April 4 , 1979 -RRB- , better known as Natasha Lyonne , is an American actress . She is best known for her role as Jessica in the American Pie series and her appearances in the films Everyone Says I Love You , Slums of Beverly Hills , But I 'm a Cheerleader , and Blade : Trinity . She currently portrays Nicky Nichols in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black , for which she received a nomination for the 2014 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series . ", "Sasha K. Gordon is a Ukrainian-American actress . She is most noted for her performance in the 2015 film Natasha , for which she garnered a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actress at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards . Born and raised in Odessa , Ukraine , she moved to the United States at age 16 . She studied marketing and finance at Fordham University , and acting at the Bruce Ornstein Acting Workshop . She is also a stage actress with the Wednesday Repertory Company in New York City . Sasha 's favorite actors are Andrei Mironov , Meryl Streep , Robert De Niro , and Ben Kingsley . ", "Christian Galliard de Lavernée , born 2 May 1950 in Lyon , Rhône , is a French civil servant . ", "Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lunkina -LRB- Светлана Александровна Лунькина born 29 July 1979 -RRB- is a Russian ballerina who is a principal dancer with the National Ballet of Canada . ", "Natasha Williams -LRB- born Roselyn Agatha Williams ; 18 July 1971 -RRB- is a British-based Jamaican actress . Williams is known for playing the role of PC Delia French in the long running ITV drama The Bill . She also played the role of a pharmacist in `` Gridlock '' , an episode of Doctor Who that was broadcast on 14 April 2007 , and appeared in Powers in 2004 . Her film roles include City Rats -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Silent Cry -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and She appeared in The Story of Tracy Beaker -LRB- 2002-3 -RRB- and made a few guest appearances in the first two seasons of the show and she plays Mrs Batambuze who is Ben Batambuze 's mum . She starred in Out of Order -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , as well as television movies such as Esther where she had the role of Maimuna , the faithful servant of Queen Esther who Louise Lombard played . Other film roles include The Murder of Stephen Lawrence -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and the political satire Giving Tongue -LRB- 1996 -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar", "Reserve_currency", "United_States_dollar", "Hawaiian_dollar", "United_States_Note" ]

[ "Besides being the main currency of the United States , the American dollar is used as the standard unit of currency in international markets for commodities such as gold and petroleum -LRB- the latter , sometimes called petrocurrency , is the source of the term petrodollar -RRB- . Some non-U.S. companies dealing in globalized markets , such as Airbus , list their prices in dollars . The U.S. dollar is the world 's foremost reserve currency . In addition to holdings by central banks and other institutions , there are many private holdings , which are believed to be mostly in one-hundred-dollar banknotes -LRB- indeed , most American banknotes actually are held outside the United States -RRB- . All holdings of U.S.-dollar bank deposits held by non-residents of the United States are known as `` eurodollars '' -LRB- not to be confused with the euro -RRB- , regardless of the location of the bank holding the deposit -LRB- which may be inside or outside the U.S. -RRB- . Economist Paul Samuelson and others -LRB- including , at his death , Milton Friedman -RRB- have maintained that the overseas demand for dollars allows the United States to maintain persistent trade deficits without causing the value of the currency to depreciate or the flow of trade to readjust . But Samuelson stated in 2005 that at some uncertain future period these pressures would precipitate a run against the U.S. dollar with serious global financial consequences . ", "A reserve currency -LRB- or anchor currency -RRB- is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves . The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions , international investments and all aspects of the global economy . It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency . People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they do not need to exchange their currency to do so . By the end of the 20th century , the United States dollar was considered the world 's most dominant reserve currency , followed by the Euro . The world 's need for dollars has allowed the United States government as well as Americans to borrow at lower costs , granting them an advantage in excess of $ 100 billion per year . However , the U.S. dollar 's status as a reserve currency , by increasing its value , hurts U.S. exporters . ", "Infobox currency | currency_name_in_local = | image_1 = USDnotes.png | image_title_1 = Federal Reserve Notes | iso_code = USD | iso_number = 840 | iso_exponent = 2 | superunit_name_1 = eagle | subunit_name_1 = dime | symbol = $ | nickname = | frequently_used_banknotes = $ 1 , $ 5 , $ 10 , $ 20 , $ 50 , $ 100 | rarely_used_banknotes = $ 2 | frequently_used_coins = 1 cents , 5 cents , 10 cents , 25 cents | rarely_used_coins = 50 cents , $ 1 | superunit_ratio_1 = 10 | superunit_ratio_2 = 100 | superunit_ratio_3 = 1000 | superunit_name_2 = union | superunit_name_3 = grand | subunit_ratio_1 = | subunit_ratio_2 = | subunit_ratio_3 = | subunit_name_2 = cent | subunit_name_3 = mill | symbol_subunit_2 = cents | symbol_subunit_3 = | banknote_article = Banknotes of the United States dollar | coin_article = Coins of the United States dollar | using_countries = Alongside East Timor centavo coinsAlongside Ecuadorian centavo coinsAlongside Panamanian balboa coinsOfficial currency for Zimbabwean government transactions | unofficial_users = The United States dollar -LRB- sign : $ ; code : USD ; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar , U.S. dollar , or American dollar -RRB- is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution . It is divided into 100 smaller cent units . The circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars . The U.S. dollar is commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain -LRB- 24.1 g -RRB- pure or 416 grain -LRB- 27.0 g -RRB- standard silver . Since the currency is the most used in international transactions , it is the world 's primary reserve currency . Several countries use it as their official currency , and in many others it is the de facto currency . Besides the United States , it is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean : the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands . A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money , while still minting their own coins , or also accept U.S. dollar coins -LRB- such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar -RRB- . ", "The dollar or dala was the currency of Hawaii between 1847 and 1898 . It was equal to the United States dollar and was divided into 100 cents or keneta . Only sporadic issues were made , which circulated alongside United States currency . ", "A United States Note , also known as a Legal Tender Note , is a type of paper money that was issued from 1862 to 1971 in the U.S. Having been current for more than 100 years , they were issued for longer than any other form of U.S. paper money . They were known popularly as `` greenbacks '' , a name inherited from the earlier greenbacks , the Demand Notes , that they replaced during 1862 . Often termed Legal Tender Notes , they were named United States Notes by the First Legal Tender Act , which authorized them as a form of fiat currency . During the 1860s the so-called second obligation on the reverse of the notes stated : They were originally issued directly into circulation by the U.S. Treasury to pay expenses incurred by the Union during the American Civil War . During the next century , the legislation governing these notes was modified many times and numerous versions were issued by the Treasury . United States Notes that were issued in the large-size format , before 1929 , differ dramatically in appearance when compared to modern American currency , but those issued in the small-size format , starting 1929 , are very similar to contemporary Federal Reserve Notes with the distinction of having red U.S. Treasury Seals and serial numbers in place of green ones . Existing United States Notes remain valid currency in the United States ; however , as no United States Notes have been issued since January 1971 , they are increasingly rare in circulation . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "University_of_Leicester", "Exhumation_and_reburial_of_Richard_III_of_England", "King's_Hall,_Cambridge", "List_of_Honorary_Fellows_of_Pembroke_College,_Cambridge", "Charter_of_Liberties" ]

[ "The University of Leicester -LRB- -LSB- ˈlɛstə -RSB- -RRB- is a public research university based in Leicester , England . The main campus is south of the city centre , adjacent to Victoria Park . The university established itself as a research-led university . It was previously ranking among the top 20 universities in the United Kingdom and was ranked 13th in 2014 by the Guardian . In 2008 , it was awarded University of the Year by the Times . As of 2016/17 the university is nationally ranked 25th in The Sunday Times Good University Guide , and 29th in the latest The Complete University Guide . It is ranked as one of the top 200 universities in the world by the Times in 2017 . The university is most famous for the invention of genetic fingerprinting and contributing to the discovery and identification of the remains of King Richard III . ", "The exhumation and reburial of Richard III began with the discovery of the king 's remains within the site of the former Greyfriars Friary Church in Leicester , England , in September 2012 . Following extensive anthropological and genetic testing , the remains of Richard III , the last English king killed in battle , were ultimately reinterred at Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 . Richard III , the final ruler of the Plantagenet dynasty , was killed on 22 August 1485 in the Battle of Bosworth Field , the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses . His body was taken to Greyfriars Friary in Leicester , where it was buried in a crude grave in the friary church . Following the friary 's dissolution in 1538 and subsequent demolition , Richard 's tomb was lost . An erroneous account arose that Richard 's bones had been thrown into the River Soar at the nearby Bow Bridge . A search for Richard 's body began in August 2012 , initiated by the Looking for Richard project with the support of the Richard III Society . The archaeological excavation was led by the University of Leicester Archaeological Services , working in partnership with Leicester City Council . On the first day a human skeleton belonging to a man in his thirties was uncovered showing signs of severe injuries . The skeleton , which had several unusual physical features , most notably a severe curvature of the back , was exhumed to allow scientific analysis . Examination showed that the man had probably been killed either by a blow from a large bladed weapon , probably a halberd , which cut off the back of his skull and exposed the brain , or by a sword thrust that penetrated all the way through the brain . Other wounds on the skeleton had probably occurred after death as `` humiliation injuries '' , inflicted as a form of posthumous revenge . The age of the bones at death matched that of Richard when he was killed ; they were dated to about the period of his death and were mostly consistent with physical descriptions of the king . Preliminary DNA analysis showed that mitochondrial DNA extracted from the bones matched that of two matrilineal descendants , one 17th-generation and the other 19th-generation , of Richard 's sister Anne of York . Taking these findings into account along with other historical , scientific and archaeological evidence , the University of Leicester announced on 4 February 2013 that it had concluded beyond reasonable doubt that the skeleton was that of Richard III . As a condition of being allowed to disinter the skeleton , the archaeologists agreed that , if Richard were found , his remains would be reburied in Leicester Cathedral . A controversy arose as to whether an alternative reburial site , York Minster or Westminster Abbey , would be more suitable . A legal challenge confirmed there were no public law grounds for the courts to be involved in that decision . Reinterment took place in Leicester on 26 March 2015 , during a televised memorial service held in the presence of the Archbishop of Canterbury and senior members of other Christian denominations . ", "King 's Hall was once one of the constituent colleges of Cambridge , founded in 1317 , the second after Peterhouse . King 's Hall was established by King Edward II to provide chancery clerks for his administration , and was very rich compared to Michaelhouse , which occupied the southern area of what is now Trinity Great Court . ", "This is a list of Honorary Fellows of Pembroke College , Cambridge . Sir Michael Atiyah Paul Bew , Baron Bew Martin Biddle Jeremy Bloxham David Brading A. David Buckingham Sir John Chilcot James Crowden Sir Simon Donaldson Sir Patrick Elias Roger W. Ferguson Jr. . Stephen Greenblatt Sir Christopher Hum Clive James William Janeway Emma Johnson Sir John Kingman Sir Stephen Nickell Jim Prior , Baron Prior George Maxwell Richards Sir Konrad Schiemann Chris Smith , Baron Smith of Finsbury Sir John Sulston Sir Alan Ward ", "The Charter of Liberties , also called the Coronation Charter , was a written proclamation by Henry I of England , issued upon his accession to the throne in 1100 . It sought to bind the King to certain laws regarding the treatment of nobles , church officials , and individuals . The nineteenth-century historians Frederick Maitland and Frederick Pollock considered it a landmark document in English legal history and a forerunner of Magna Carta . The document addressed abuses of royal power by his predecessor William II -LRB- his brother William Rufus -RRB- , as perceived by the nobility , specifically the over-taxation of the barons , the abuse of vacant sees , and the practices of simony and pluralism . The Charter of Liberties was generally ignored by monarchs , until in 1213 Archbishop Langton reminded the nobles that their liberties had been guaranteed over a century prior in Henry I 's Charter of Liberties . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Van_Zant", "Johnny_Van_Zant", "Ronnie_Van_Zant", "Zaytoven", "No_More_Dirty_Deals" ]

[ "Van Zant is an American musical duo composed of brothers Donnie Van Zant and Johnny Van Zant . Both are brothers of the late Ronnie Van Zant , former lead singer for the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd . Johnny became the lead vocalist for the reunited Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1987 , and Donnie was also the leader and vocalist of .38 Special . Initially a Southern rock band , Van Zant first recorded in the 1980s on Geffen Records before disbanding . Johnny and Donnie re-established Van Zant in 1998 to record two albums for CMC International , switching their focus to country music in 2005 , with two more albums on Columbia Records as a duo . The duo 's first Columbia album , Get Right with the Man , produced a Top Ten country hit in `` Help Somebody . '' ", "John Roy `` Johnny '' Van Zant -LRB- born February 27 , 1959 -RRB- is an American musician and the current lead vocalist of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd . He is the younger brother of the late Lynyrd Skynyrd co-founder and former lead vocalist Ronnie Van Zant , and of the .38 Special founder , Donnie Van Zant . Van Zant performed during the 1970s with his first band , The Austin Nickels Band . They later changed their name to The Johnny Van Zant Band releasing their debut solo album , No More Dirty Deals , in 1980 . Original members of The Johnny Van Zant Band consisted of Van Zant on lead vocals , Robbie Gay on guitar , Danny Clausman , on bass , Erik Lundgren on lead guitar , Robbie Morris , drums and Joan Hecht -LRB- previously Joan Cusumano -RRB- and Nancy Henderson on background vocals . Van Zant released three more solo albums between 1981 and 1985 , before taking a break from the music business . He became lead vocalist for the reunited Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1987 , and continues to record and perform with them today . He released another solo album , Brickyard Road , in 1990 , which featured the popular title track , which was a # 1 hit on the U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for three weeks . He also records and performs with his brother , Donnie , as Van Zant since 1998 . In May 2006 , less than one day before he was to perform at KSAN-FM 107.7 The Bone 's Bone Bash 7 , Van Zant underwent emergency surgery to have his appendix removed . Treated at Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto , California , after reporting pain to a doctor earlier in the day . The incident forced the band to cancel three U.S. shows . Van Zant is a fan of the Jacksonville Jaguars . He recorded a video , along with remaining members of Lynyrd Skynyrd , that is played at every Jaguars home game on the Everbank Field video board . According to Skynyrd 's website , Van Zant was again hospitalized on August 6 , 2011 at the Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis , Minnesota due to complications from a previous surgery . According to the website , Van Zant had a `` surgical site '' infected with cellulitus which required both hospitalization ad IV/Antibiotic Treatment . He began displaying signs of a staph infection and other symptoms related to the infection . His subsequent illness resulted in a number of scheduled performances being cancelled . ", "Ronald Wayne `` Ronnie '' Van Zant -LRB- January 15 , 1948 -- October 20 , 1977 -RRB- was an American lead vocalist , primary lyricist , and a founding member of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd . He was the older brother of current Lynyrd Skynyrd lead vocalist Johnny Van Zant , and of the founder and vocalist of 38 Special , Donnie Van Zant . He was the father of singer Tammy Van Zant , and cousin of musician Jimmie Van Zant . ", "Xavier L. Dotson , professionally known as Zaytoven , is an American record producer , DJ , and pianist from Atlanta , Georgia . He is known for his work with Southern rap artists Gucci Mane and Migos , and has released joint projects with artists such as Future , Waka Flaka Flame , Young Scooter , Bankroll Fresh , and Young Dro . Dotson won a Grammy Award in 2011 for his contribution to Usher 's Raymond v. Raymond album , as a co-producer and writer for the single `` Papers '' along with Sean Garrett . ", "No More Dirty Deals is Johnny Van Zant 's début solo album . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Designated_Survivor_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Maggie_Q", "Survivor_-LRB-1987_video_game-RRB-", "A_Star_Is_Torn", "Escape_from_Scorpion_Island_-LRB-series_4-RRB-" ]

[ "Designated Survivor is an American political drama television series created by David Guggenheim , starring Kiefer Sutherland , airing on ABC . The project skipped the pilot stage and was ordered straight to series on December 14 , 2015 , followed by a formal announcement on May 6 , 2016 . The first episode premiered on September 21 , 2016 , with a full season order coming eight days later . The series was renewed for a second season on May 11 , 2017 . ", "Margaret Denise Quigley -LRB- born May 22 , 1979 -RRB- , professionally known as Maggie Q , is an American actress and model . She is known for starring in the action films Mission : Impossible III and Live Free or Die Hard and played the title role of The CW 's action-thriller series Nikita , airing from 2010 to 2013 . In 2014 , she portrayed Tori Wu in the film adaptation of Veronica Roth 's novel Divergent , a role she reprised in its sequels , Insurgent and Allegiant . She currently stars in the role of Agent Hannah Wells in the ABC political drama Designated Survivor . ", "Survivor is an action game released in 1987 by the Spanish software house Topo Soft and later re-released in the UK by U.S. Gold . It was published for several 8-bit formats including Amstrad CPC , MSX and ZX Spectrum . ", "`` A Star Is Torn '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixteenth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 8 , 2005 . Fantasia Barrino guest stars as Clarissa Wellington . ", "Escape from Scorpion Island is a BAFTA-nominated BBC children 's TV adventure game show in which contestants compete to `` escape from an exotic island '' . Series 4 was produced by Foundation/Freehand for CBBC and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Series 4 was filmed in the Tallebudgera Valley in Queensland , Australia . It first aired on CBBC on 9 August 2010 on Mondays to Thursdays , and BBC 2 on the weekends in the U.K. , and in Australia it first aired on 13 October 2010 to 19 November 2010 and ran from Monday to Friday on ABC3 . Myleene Klass and Johny Pitts replaced JK and Joel as hosts for this series . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Clueless_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-novels-RRB-", "Clue_-LRB-miniseries-RRB-", "Above_the_Line_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "Clueless is an American sitcom based on the 1995 teen film of the same name -LRB- which was inspired by the Jane Austen book Emma -RRB- . The series originally premiered on ABC on September 20 , 1996 as a part of the TGIF lineup during its first season . The show then spent its last two seasons on UPN ending on May 25 , 1999 . ", "Clueless is a 1995 American coming-of-age comedy film written and directed by Amy Heckerling . It stars Alicia Silverstone , Stacey Dash , Paul Rudd and Brittany Murphy , and was produced by Scott Rudin and Robert Lawrence . It is loosely based on Jane Austen 's 1815 novel Emma , updating the setting to modern Beverly Hills . Elements of the plot were also originally drawn from Shakespeare 's Titus Andronicus , but were later omitted due to lack of continuity . The film grossed $ 56 million in the United States , received generally positive reviews from critics , and has developed a cult following . The film was followed by a spin-off television sitcom and series of books . ", "The Clueless series is a series of young adult novels , mainly written by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfeld . The series is published by Simon & Schuster . The series was generated after the release of the 1995 movie starring Alicia Silverstone . ", "Clue was an American five-part mystery television miniseries based on the Parker Brothers board game of the same name , which aired on The Hub from November 14 , 2011 to November 17 , 2011 . The series features a youthful , ensemble cast working together , uncovering clues to unravel a mystery . The series was created by Raven Metzner and stars Sterling Beaumon as Seamus , Sarah Desjardins as Whitney , Kendall Amyre Ferguson as Agnes , Ana Golja as Liz , Stephan James as Dmitri , and Zach Mills as Lucas . ", "Above the Line also known as Out and About : The Series was a Canadian comedy television series in 2008 . Only one episode appears to have been made , and it is unclear when or on what network it aired . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "Mary_I_of_England", "Elizabeth_of_York", "Margaret_Holland,_Duchess_of_Clarence", "Mary_Parker_-LRB-Salem_witch_trials-RRB-" ]

[ "Elizabeth I -LRB- 7 September 1533 -- 24 March 1603 -RRB- was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death . Sometimes called The Virgin Queen , Gloriana or Good Queen Bess , the childless Elizabeth was the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty . Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn , his second wife , who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth 's birth . Anne 's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled , and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate . Her half-brother , Edward VI , ruled until his death in 1553 , bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters , Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary , in spite of statute law to the contrary . Edward 's will was set aside and Mary became queen , deposing Lady Jane Grey . During Mary 's reign , Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels . In 1558 , Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel . She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers , led by William Cecil , 1st Baron Burghley . One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church , of which she became the Supreme Governor . This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England . It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line . She never did , despite numerous courtships . As she grew older , Elizabeth became famous for her virginity . A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits , pageants , and literature of the day . In government , Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been . One of her mottoes was `` video et taceo '' -LRB- `` I see but say nothing '' -RRB- . In religion , she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution . After the pope declared her illegitimate in 1570 and released her subjects from obedience to her , several conspiracies threatened her life , all of which were defeated with the help of her ministers ' secret service . Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs , manoeuvring between the major powers of France and Spain . She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective , poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands , France , and Ireland . By the mid-1580s , England could no longer avoid war with Spain . England 's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history . Elizabeth 's reign is known as the Elizabethan era . The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama , led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe , and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake . Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered , sometimes indecisive ruler , who enjoyed more than her share of luck . Towards the end of her reign , a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity . Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor in an era when government was ramshackle and limited , and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones . Such was the case with Elizabeth 's rival , Mary , Queen of Scots , whom she imprisoned in 1568 and had executed in 1587 . After the short reigns of Elizabeth 's half-siblings , her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity . ", "Mary I -LRB- 18 February 1516 -- 17 November 1558 -RRB- was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death . Her executions of Protestants led to the posthumous sobriquet `` Bloody Mary '' . She was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife Catherine of Aragon to survive to adulthood . Her younger half-brother Edward VI -LRB- son of Henry and Jane Seymour -RRB- succeeded their father in 1547 . When Edward became mortally ill in 1553 , he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because of religious differences . On his death their first cousin once removed , Lady Jane Grey , was proclaimed queen . Mary assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane , who was ultimately beheaded . Mary was -- excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda -- the first queen regnant of England . In 1554 , Mary married Philip of Spain , becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556 . Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after her half-brother 's short-lived Protestant reign . During her five-year reign , she had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions . After her death in 1558 , her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I , daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn . ", "Elizabeth of York -LRB- 11 February 1466 -- 11 February 1503 -RRB- was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death . As the wife of Henry VII , she was the first Tudor queen . She was the daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III , and she married the king following Henry 's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which started the last phase of the Wars of the Roses . She was the mother of King Henry VIII . Therefore , she was the daughter , sister , niece , wife , mother and grandmother of successive Kings of England . The period of Henry VI 's readaption from October 1470 until April 1471 and the period between her father 's death in 1483 , when she was 17 , and the making of peace between her mother and her uncle Richard were violent and anxious interludes in what was mostly a peaceful life . Her two brothers disappeared , the `` Princes in the Tower '' , their fate unknown . She was welcomed back to court by her Uncle Richard III , along with all of her sisters . As a Yorkist princess , the final victory of the Lancastrian faction in the War of the Roses may have seemed a further disaster , but Henry Tudor knew the importance of Yorkist support for his invasion and promised to marry her before he arrived in England ; this was an important move , which , however , failed to bring him the desired Yorkist support . Her marriage seems to have been successful , though her eldest son Arthur , Prince of Wales , died at age 15 in 1502 , and three other children died young . She seems to have played little part in politics . Her surviving children became a King of England and queens of France and Scotland ; it is through the Scottish Stuart dynasty that her many modern royal descendants trace their descent from her . ", "Margaret Holland , Countess of Somerset -LRB- 1385 -- 31 December 1439 -RRB- was the daughter of Thomas Holland , 2nd Earl of Kent , who was the son of Joan `` the Fair Maid of Kent '' -LRB- granddaughter of Edward I of England , wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England -RRB- . Margaret 's mother was Alice FitzAlan , daughter of Richard FitzAlan , 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster . Margaret married John Beaufort , 1st Earl of Somerset , son of John of Gaunt , 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress Katherine Swynford . They had six children : Henry Beaufort , 2nd Earl of Somerset -LRB- c. 1401 -- 25 November 1418 -RRB- . John Beaufort , 1st Duke of Somerset -LRB- baptized 25 March 1404 -- 27 May 1444 -RRB- . Thomas Beaufort , Count of Perche -LRB- c. 1405 -- 1431 -RRB- . Lady Joan Beaufort -LRB- c. 1406 -- 15 July 1445 -RRB- , who married James I of Scotland and Sir James Stewart , the Black Knight of Lorn . Edmund Beaufort , 2nd Duke of Somerset -LRB- c. 1406 -- 22 May 1455 -RRB- . Lady Margaret Beaufort , Countess of Devon -LRB- c. 1409 -- 1449 -RRB- , married Thomas de Courtenay , 13th Earl of Devon . In 1399 , she was invested as a Lady Companion , Order of the Garter -LRB- L.G. -RRB- . After Beaufort died in 1410 -LRB- in the Tower of London -RRB- , she married his nephew Thomas of Lancaster , 1st Duke of Clarence , the son of King Henry IV . They had no children . She died on 31 December 1439 at St. Saviour 's Abbey , Bermondsey , in London , England . Margaret and both her husbands are buried together in a carved alabaster tomb in Canterbury Cathedral that shows her lying between the two of them . ", "Mary -LRB- née Ayer -RRB- Parker of Andover , Massachusetts Bay Colony , the daughter of John Ayer , was executed September 22 , 1692 , with several others , for witchcraft in the Salem witch trials . She was 55 years old and a widow . Mary 's husband , Nathan , died in 1685 . Nicholas Noyes officiated . Her daughter , Sarah Parker , was also accused . Parker was an 8th great-grandmother of U.S. President George W. Bush , who is a descendant or relative of up to 217 of the trials ' participants . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "Mary_I_of_England", "Elizabeth_of_York", "Margaret_Holland,_Duchess_of_Clarence", "Mary_Parker_-LRB-Salem_witch_trials-RRB-" ]

[ "Elizabeth I -LRB- 7 September 1533 -- 24 March 1603 -RRB- was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death . Sometimes called The Virgin Queen , Gloriana or Good Queen Bess , the childless Elizabeth was the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty . Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn , his second wife , who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth 's birth . Anne 's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled , and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate . Her half-brother , Edward VI , ruled until his death in 1553 , bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters , Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary , in spite of statute law to the contrary . Edward 's will was set aside and Mary became queen , deposing Lady Jane Grey . During Mary 's reign , Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels . In 1558 , Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel . She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers , led by William Cecil , 1st Baron Burghley . One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church , of which she became the Supreme Governor . This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England . It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line . She never did , despite numerous courtships . As she grew older , Elizabeth became famous for her virginity . A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits , pageants , and literature of the day . In government , Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been . One of her mottoes was `` video et taceo '' -LRB- `` I see but say nothing '' -RRB- . In religion , she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution . After the pope declared her illegitimate in 1570 and released her subjects from obedience to her , several conspiracies threatened her life , all of which were defeated with the help of her ministers ' secret service . Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs , manoeuvring between the major powers of France and Spain . She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective , poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands , France , and Ireland . By the mid-1580s , England could no longer avoid war with Spain . England 's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history . Elizabeth 's reign is known as the Elizabethan era . The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama , led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe , and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake . Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered , sometimes indecisive ruler , who enjoyed more than her share of luck . Towards the end of her reign , a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity . Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor in an era when government was ramshackle and limited , and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones . Such was the case with Elizabeth 's rival , Mary , Queen of Scots , whom she imprisoned in 1568 and had executed in 1587 . After the short reigns of Elizabeth 's half-siblings , her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity . ", "Mary I -LRB- 18 February 1516 -- 17 November 1558 -RRB- was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death . Her executions of Protestants led to the posthumous sobriquet `` Bloody Mary '' . She was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife Catherine of Aragon to survive to adulthood . Her younger half-brother Edward VI -LRB- son of Henry and Jane Seymour -RRB- succeeded their father in 1547 . When Edward became mortally ill in 1553 , he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because of religious differences . On his death their first cousin once removed , Lady Jane Grey , was proclaimed queen . Mary assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane , who was ultimately beheaded . Mary was -- excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda -- the first queen regnant of England . In 1554 , Mary married Philip of Spain , becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556 . Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after her half-brother 's short-lived Protestant reign . During her five-year reign , she had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions . After her death in 1558 , her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I , daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn . ", "Elizabeth of York -LRB- 11 February 1466 -- 11 February 1503 -RRB- was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death . As the wife of Henry VII , she was the first Tudor queen . She was the daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III , and she married the king following Henry 's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which started the last phase of the Wars of the Roses . She was the mother of King Henry VIII . Therefore , she was the daughter , sister , niece , wife , mother and grandmother of successive Kings of England . The period of Henry VI 's readaption from October 1470 until April 1471 and the period between her father 's death in 1483 , when she was 17 , and the making of peace between her mother and her uncle Richard were violent and anxious interludes in what was mostly a peaceful life . Her two brothers disappeared , the `` Princes in the Tower '' , their fate unknown . She was welcomed back to court by her Uncle Richard III , along with all of her sisters . As a Yorkist princess , the final victory of the Lancastrian faction in the War of the Roses may have seemed a further disaster , but Henry Tudor knew the importance of Yorkist support for his invasion and promised to marry her before he arrived in England ; this was an important move , which , however , failed to bring him the desired Yorkist support . Her marriage seems to have been successful , though her eldest son Arthur , Prince of Wales , died at age 15 in 1502 , and three other children died young . She seems to have played little part in politics . Her surviving children became a King of England and queens of France and Scotland ; it is through the Scottish Stuart dynasty that her many modern royal descendants trace their descent from her . ", "Margaret Holland , Countess of Somerset -LRB- 1385 -- 31 December 1439 -RRB- was the daughter of Thomas Holland , 2nd Earl of Kent , who was the son of Joan `` the Fair Maid of Kent '' -LRB- granddaughter of Edward I of England , wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England -RRB- . Margaret 's mother was Alice FitzAlan , daughter of Richard FitzAlan , 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster . Margaret married John Beaufort , 1st Earl of Somerset , son of John of Gaunt , 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress Katherine Swynford . They had six children : Henry Beaufort , 2nd Earl of Somerset -LRB- c. 1401 -- 25 November 1418 -RRB- . John Beaufort , 1st Duke of Somerset -LRB- baptized 25 March 1404 -- 27 May 1444 -RRB- . Thomas Beaufort , Count of Perche -LRB- c. 1405 -- 1431 -RRB- . Lady Joan Beaufort -LRB- c. 1406 -- 15 July 1445 -RRB- , who married James I of Scotland and Sir James Stewart , the Black Knight of Lorn . Edmund Beaufort , 2nd Duke of Somerset -LRB- c. 1406 -- 22 May 1455 -RRB- . Lady Margaret Beaufort , Countess of Devon -LRB- c. 1409 -- 1449 -RRB- , married Thomas de Courtenay , 13th Earl of Devon . In 1399 , she was invested as a Lady Companion , Order of the Garter -LRB- L.G. -RRB- . After Beaufort died in 1410 -LRB- in the Tower of London -RRB- , she married his nephew Thomas of Lancaster , 1st Duke of Clarence , the son of King Henry IV . They had no children . She died on 31 December 1439 at St. Saviour 's Abbey , Bermondsey , in London , England . Margaret and both her husbands are buried together in a carved alabaster tomb in Canterbury Cathedral that shows her lying between the two of them . ", "Mary -LRB- née Ayer -RRB- Parker of Andover , Massachusetts Bay Colony , the daughter of John Ayer , was executed September 22 , 1692 , with several others , for witchcraft in the Salem witch trials . She was 55 years old and a widow . Mary 's husband , Nathan , died in 1685 . Nicholas Noyes officiated . Her daughter , Sarah Parker , was also accused . Parker was an 8th great-grandmother of U.S. President George W. Bush , who is a descendant or relative of up to 217 of the trials ' participants . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Ian_Gillan", "Séamus_Gillen", "Euan_Dale", "Naked_Thunder", "Ian_Hillier" ]

[ "Ian Gillan -LRB- born 19 August 1945 -RRB- is an English singer and songwriter . He originally found commercial success as the lead singer and lyricist for Deep Purple . Initially influenced by Elvis Presley , Gillan started and fronted several local bands in the mid-sixties , and eventually joined Episode Six when their original singer left . He first found widespread commercial success after joining Deep Purple in 1969 . After an almost non-stop workload , during which time he recorded six albums in four years , and problematic relationships with other band members , particularly guitarist Ritchie Blackmore , Gillan resigned from the band in June 1973 , having given a lengthy notice period to their managers . After a short time away from the music business , he resumed his music career with solo bands the Ian Gillan Band and Gillan , before a year-long stint as the vocalist for Black Sabbath . He rejoined a reformed Deep Purple in 1984 , but was fired in 1989 . He rejoined the band for a second time in 1992 for their twenty-fifth anniversary , and following the recruitment of guitarist Steve Morse in 1994 , has helped transform the group into a regular touring outfit , which he has fronted ever since . In addition to his main work -- performing with Deep Purple and other bands during the 1970s and 1980s -- he sang the role of Jesus in the original recording of Andrew Lloyd Webber 's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar , performed in the charity supergroup Rock Aid Armenia , and engaged in a number of business investments and ventures , including a hotel , a motorcycle manufacturer , and music recording facilities at Kingsway Studios . More recently , he has performed solo concerts concurrently with his latter career in Deep Purple , and his work and affinity with Armenia , combined with his continued friendship with Tony Iommi since his brief time in Black Sabbath , has led him to form the supergroup WhoCares with Iommi . His solo career outside of Deep Purple was given a comprehensive overview with the Gillan 's Inn box set in 2006 . ", "Séamus Gillen -LRB- born 1947 -RRB- is an Irish retired hurler who played as a left wing-forward for the Cork senior team . Born in Cork , Gillen first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team before later joining the intermediate side . He made his senior debut during the 1970-71 league . Gillen enjoyed a brief inter-county career as a non-playing substitute . At club level Gillen is a one-time All-Ireland medallist with St. Finbarr 's . In addition to this he has also won one Munster medals and several championship medals on the field of play and as a non-playing substitute . Gillen 's retirement came following the conclusion of the 1971 championship . ", "Euan Dale -LRB- born 18 December 1985 -RRB- is a Scottish competitive swimmer who has represented Great Britain in the Olympics and Scotland in the Commonwealth Games . At the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne , he was a member of the second-place Scottish men 's team in the 4 × 200-metre freestyle relay , for which he won a silver medal . Individually , Dale won a silver in the men 's 400-metre individual medley . At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , he competed in the 400-metre individual relay swimming event . ", "Naked Thunder is a 1990 solo album by Ian Gillan , released soon after his departure from Deep Purple in 1989 . It features a varied selection of songs , with one of Gillan 's most passionate and impressive performances on power ballad `` Loving on Borrowed Time '' and traditional field lament `` No More Cane on the Brazos '' . It was also the first album to feature Ian Gillan 's long time writing partner Steve Morris . Naked Thunder was produced by Leif Mases and features a number of notable guest musicians , including drummer Simon Phillips and former Grease Band keyboard player Tommy Eyre . The album was available only as an import in the USA until 1997 when it was re-released for American market by Eagle . Naked Thunder was followed by a lengthy tour and a live video Ian Gillan Live released the same year -LRB- rereleased on DVD in 2001 -RRB- . In 2006 Ian Gillan re-recorded `` Long on Borrowed Time '' for the Gillan 's Inn album . In November 2016 he performed `` No More Cane on the Brazos '' during the tour of Eastern Europe with orchestra and Don Airey Band . It was the first time he has performed the song in twenty-five years . ", "Ian Hillier -LRB- born 26 December 1979 in Neath -RRB- is a Welsh footballer currently playing for Briton Ferry Llansawel " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Maria_Theresa", "Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg", "Princess_Leopoldina_of_Brazil", "Princess_Christine_Louise_of_Oettingen-Oettingen" ]

[ "Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina -LRB- Maria Theresia -LSB- maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a -RSB- 13 May 1717 -- 29 November 1780 -RRB- was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg . She was the sovereign of Austria , Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , Transylvania , Mantua , Milan , Lodomeria and Galicia , the Austrian Netherlands and Parma . By marriage , she was Duchess of Lorraine , Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress . She started her 40-year reign when her father , Emperor Charles VI , died in October 1740 . Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it . Upon the death of her father , Saxony , Prussia , Bavaria , and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime . Frederick II of Prussia -LRB- who became Maria Theresa 's greatest enemy for most of her reign -RRB- promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession . Over the course of the war , despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy , Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire . Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years ' War . Maria Theresa and her husband , Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor , had eleven daughters , including the Queen of France and Navarre , the Queen of Naples and Sicily , the Duchess of Parma , and five sons , including two Holy Roman Emperors , Joseph II and Leopold II . Of the sixteen children ten survived to adulthood . Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph , both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia , Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled with the counsel of her advisers . She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph 's actions . Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects . Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms , with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten , promoted commerce and the development of agriculture , and reorganised Austria 's ramshackle military , all of which strengthened Austria 's international standing . However , she refused to allow religious pluralism and advocated for the state church and contemporary adversary travelers criticized her regime as bigoted and superstitious . As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars , she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects , but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers . ", "Charles VI -LRB- 1 October 1685 -- 20 October 1740 ; Karl VI . -RRB- succeeded his elder brother , Joseph I , as Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia -LRB- as Charles II -RRB- , King of Hungary and Croatia -LRB- as Charles III -RRB- , and King of Serbia , Archduke of Austria , etc. , in 1711 . He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain as Charles III following the death of its ruler , and Charles 's relative , Charles II of Spain , in 1700 . He married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , by whom he had his two children : Maria Theresa , born 1717 , the last Habsburg sovereign , and Maria Anna , born 1718 , Governess of the Austrian Netherlands . Four years before the birth of Maria Theresa , faced with his lack of male heirs , Charles provided for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 . The Emperor favoured his own daughters over those of his elder brother and predecessor , Joseph I , in the succession , ignoring the decree he had signed during the reign of his father , Leopold I. Charles sought the other European powers ' approval . They exacted harsh terms : Britain demanded that Austria abolish its overseas trading company . In total , Great Britain , France , Saxony-Poland , the Dutch Republic , Spain , Venice , States of the Church , Prussia , Russia , Denmark , Savoy-Sardinia , Bavaria , and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised the sanction . France , Spain , Saxony-Poland , Bavaria and Prussia later reneged . Charles died in 1740 , sparking the War of the Austrian Succession , which plagued his successor , Maria Theresa , for eight years . ", "Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg -LRB- 13 June 1672 -- 15 October 1741 -RRB- was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor , the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg , from 1689 until 1728 ; however , because her distant cousin George William , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , conquered the duchy by force in 1689 , she exercised no control over the territory , instead living in her manors in Bohemia . She was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of the last Medici Grand Duke , Gian Gastone . Anna Maria Franziska was the elder surviving daughter of Julius Franz , Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , and Maria Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach . She married Philipp Wilhelm August of the Palatinate in 1690 , with whom she had her only child , Maria Anna , in 1691 . She was widowed in 1693 . Four years later , she married Gian Gastone de ' Medici , a Prince of Tuscany . With her brother-in-law Ferdinando de ' Medici 's death in 1713 , her husband became Tuscany 's heir-apparent . She became Grand Duchess of Tuscany upon the incumbent ruler 's death in 1723 . She was Grand Duchess for fourteen years before being widowed again in 1737 . ", "Dona Leopoldina Teresa Francisca Carolina Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga de Bragança e Bourbon -LRB- 13 July 1847 -- 7 February 1871 -RRB- was the daughter of Emperor Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina . Princess of Brazil from birth , Leopoldina renounced her titles by marrying Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , taking the title of Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess of Saxony . The Princess was also second in the line of succession to the throne of the Empire of Brazil , even after the marriage of its older sister , Princess Isabel , due to the latter 's difficulties in generating heirs . After her untimely death , her two eldest sons were recognized as Brazilian princes and heirs presumptive to the crown until Isabel had her first child . From there , it originated the so-called branch of Saxe-Coburg and Braganza , of the Imperial House of Brazil . ", "Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen -LRB- 20 March 1671 in Oettingen -- 3 September 1747 in Blankenberg -RRB- was Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg . She was the maternal grandmother of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa , Queen Elisabeth Christine of Prussia , Queen Juliane Marie of Denmark and Norway and Tsar Peter II of Russia ; the maternal great-grandmother of Queen Marie Antoinette of France , Tsar Ivan VI of Russia and Francis , Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ; the maternal great-great-grandmother of King Leopold I of Belgium and the maternal great-great-great-grandmother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Maria_Theresa", "Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg", "Princess_Leopoldina_of_Brazil", "Princess_Christine_Louise_of_Oettingen-Oettingen" ]

[ "Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina -LRB- Maria Theresia -LSB- maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a -RSB- 13 May 1717 -- 29 November 1780 -RRB- was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg . She was the sovereign of Austria , Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , Transylvania , Mantua , Milan , Lodomeria and Galicia , the Austrian Netherlands and Parma . By marriage , she was Duchess of Lorraine , Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress . She started her 40-year reign when her father , Emperor Charles VI , died in October 1740 . Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it . Upon the death of her father , Saxony , Prussia , Bavaria , and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime . Frederick II of Prussia -LRB- who became Maria Theresa 's greatest enemy for most of her reign -RRB- promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession . Over the course of the war , despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy , Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire . Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years ' War . Maria Theresa and her husband , Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor , had eleven daughters , including the Queen of France and Navarre , the Queen of Naples and Sicily , the Duchess of Parma , and five sons , including two Holy Roman Emperors , Joseph II and Leopold II . Of the sixteen children ten survived to adulthood . Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph , both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia , Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled with the counsel of her advisers . She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph 's actions . Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects . Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms , with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten , promoted commerce and the development of agriculture , and reorganised Austria 's ramshackle military , all of which strengthened Austria 's international standing . However , she refused to allow religious pluralism and advocated for the state church and contemporary adversary travelers criticized her regime as bigoted and superstitious . As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars , she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects , but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers . ", "Charles VI -LRB- 1 October 1685 -- 20 October 1740 ; Karl VI . -RRB- succeeded his elder brother , Joseph I , as Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia -LRB- as Charles II -RRB- , King of Hungary and Croatia -LRB- as Charles III -RRB- , and King of Serbia , Archduke of Austria , etc. , in 1711 . He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain as Charles III following the death of its ruler , and Charles 's relative , Charles II of Spain , in 1700 . He married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , by whom he had his two children : Maria Theresa , born 1717 , the last Habsburg sovereign , and Maria Anna , born 1718 , Governess of the Austrian Netherlands . Four years before the birth of Maria Theresa , faced with his lack of male heirs , Charles provided for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 . The Emperor favoured his own daughters over those of his elder brother and predecessor , Joseph I , in the succession , ignoring the decree he had signed during the reign of his father , Leopold I. Charles sought the other European powers ' approval . They exacted harsh terms : Britain demanded that Austria abolish its overseas trading company . In total , Great Britain , France , Saxony-Poland , the Dutch Republic , Spain , Venice , States of the Church , Prussia , Russia , Denmark , Savoy-Sardinia , Bavaria , and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised the sanction . France , Spain , Saxony-Poland , Bavaria and Prussia later reneged . Charles died in 1740 , sparking the War of the Austrian Succession , which plagued his successor , Maria Theresa , for eight years . ", "Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg -LRB- 13 June 1672 -- 15 October 1741 -RRB- was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor , the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg , from 1689 until 1728 ; however , because her distant cousin George William , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , conquered the duchy by force in 1689 , she exercised no control over the territory , instead living in her manors in Bohemia . She was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of the last Medici Grand Duke , Gian Gastone . Anna Maria Franziska was the elder surviving daughter of Julius Franz , Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , and Maria Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach . She married Philipp Wilhelm August of the Palatinate in 1690 , with whom she had her only child , Maria Anna , in 1691 . She was widowed in 1693 . Four years later , she married Gian Gastone de ' Medici , a Prince of Tuscany . With her brother-in-law Ferdinando de ' Medici 's death in 1713 , her husband became Tuscany 's heir-apparent . She became Grand Duchess of Tuscany upon the incumbent ruler 's death in 1723 . She was Grand Duchess for fourteen years before being widowed again in 1737 . ", "Dona Leopoldina Teresa Francisca Carolina Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga de Bragança e Bourbon -LRB- 13 July 1847 -- 7 February 1871 -RRB- was the daughter of Emperor Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina . Princess of Brazil from birth , Leopoldina renounced her titles by marrying Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , taking the title of Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess of Saxony . The Princess was also second in the line of succession to the throne of the Empire of Brazil , even after the marriage of its older sister , Princess Isabel , due to the latter 's difficulties in generating heirs . After her untimely death , her two eldest sons were recognized as Brazilian princes and heirs presumptive to the crown until Isabel had her first child . From there , it originated the so-called branch of Saxe-Coburg and Braganza , of the Imperial House of Brazil . ", "Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen -LRB- 20 March 1671 in Oettingen -- 3 September 1747 in Blankenberg -RRB- was Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg . She was the maternal grandmother of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa , Queen Elisabeth Christine of Prussia , Queen Juliane Marie of Denmark and Norway and Tsar Peter II of Russia ; the maternal great-grandmother of Queen Marie Antoinette of France , Tsar Ivan VI of Russia and Francis , Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ; the maternal great-great-grandmother of King Leopold I of Belgium and the maternal great-great-great-grandmother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Chris_Benoit", "Yves_Bergeron", "Jacques_Albert", "Nicolas_Lesage", "Gaston_Clermont" ]

[ "Christopher Michael Benoit -LRB- -LSB- bəˈnwa -RSB- ; May 21 , 1967 -- June 24 , 2007 -RRB- was a Canadian professional wrestler . During his 22-year career , Benoit worked for numerous promotions including the World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment -LRB- WWF/WWE -RRB- , World Championship Wrestling -LRB- WCW -RRB- , Extreme Championship Wrestling -LRB- ECW -RRB- , and New Japan Pro-Wrestling -LRB- NJPW -RRB- . Industry historian Dave Meltzer considered him `` one of the top 10 , maybe even the top 5 , all-time greats '' . Benoit held 22 championships between WWF/WWE , WCW , NJPW , and ECW . He was a two-time world champion , having been a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion , and a one-time World Heavyweight Champion in WWE ; he was booked to win a third world championship at a WWE event on the night of his death . Benoit was the twelfth WWE Triple Crown Champion and sixth WCW Triple Crown Champion , and the second of five men in history to achieve both the WWE and WCW Triple Crown Championships . He was also the 2004 Royal Rumble winner , joining Shawn Michaels as the only two men to win a Royal Rumble as the number one entrant . Benoit headlined multiple pay-per-views for WWE , including a victory in the World Heavyweight Championship main event match of WrestleMania XX in 2004 . Benoit murdered his wife and son on June 22 , 2007 , and hanged himself two days later . Research suggests depression and brain damage from numerous concussions are likely contributing factors leading to the crime . ", "Yves Bergeron -LRB- born January 11 , 1952 in Malartic , Quebec -RRB- is a retired Canadian ice hockey right winger . He played in the WHA for the Quebec Nordiques and in the NHL for the Pittsburgh Penguins . ", "Jacques Albert is a Canadian electrical engineer , currently a Canada Research Chair in Advanced Photonic Components at Carleton University and a Fellow of The Optical Society . ", "Nicolas Lesage -LRB- born January 3 , 1980 -RRB- is a Gabonese born Canadian retired soccer player who played as a striker . Lesage played the majority of the career in the Canadian province of Quebec with stints in USL Premier Development League , USL First Division , and the Canadian Soccer League . His biggest success was with the Trois-Rivières Attak where he is the all-time leading scorer with 31 goals in all competitions , and assisted the club be claiming their first Open Canada Cup and National Division title . He was awarded the Canadian Soccer League MVP Award , and the CSL Golden Boot becoming the first person in CSL history to win two individual awards in a season . ", "Gaston Clermont -LRB- 5 December 1913 -- 12 January 2005 -RRB- was a Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons and a Canadian businessman . Clermont was born in Chomedey , Quebec . He is the son of Romain Clermont and Dina Hotte . Clermont was educated in Montreal and entered business at Thurso . In 1946 , he married Marie-Blanche Boulerice . He was first elected at the Labelle riding in a 31 October 1960 by-election and served for the latter portion of the 24th Canadian Parliament . He remained a Member of Parliament there until 1968 , except for a one-term defeat in the 1963 federal election by the Social Credit party 's Gérard Girouard . For the 1968 federal election , Clermont switched to the Gatineau riding and was elected there for three terms . He left national office after completing his term in 1979 with the 30th Parliament . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Independent_Spirit_Awards", "20th_Critics'_Choice_Awards", "43rd_Daytime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards", "2009_Australian_Film_Institute_Awards", "9th_César_Awards" ]

[ "The Film Independent Spirit Awards -LRB- abbreviated `` Spirit Awards '' and originally known as the FINDIE or Friends of Independents Awards -RRB- , founded in 1984 , are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers . Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films . In 1986 , the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards . Since 2006 , winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole . Now called the Film Independent Spirit Awards , the show is produced by Film Independent , the non-profit arts organization whose mission is to champion creative independence in visual storytelling and support a community of artists who embody diversity , innovation and uniqueness of vision . Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards . The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica , California , usually on the day before the Academy Awards -LRB- since 1999 ; originally the Saturday before -RRB- . The show is broadcast live on the IFC network , as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America . The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony , hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney , was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday , February 25 at 2p/5e with an on-demand version available on Sundance Now . ", "The 20th Critics ' Choice Awards was presented on January 15 , 2015 at the Hollywood Palladium , honoring the finest achievements in 2014 filmmaking . It was broadcast on A&E , and hosted by Michael Strahan of Live ! with Kelly and Michael . Nominees for the awards were announced on December 15 , 2014 . ", "The 43rd Daytime Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony , which honors the crafts behind American daytime television programming , was held at the Westin Bonaventure Hotel and Suites in Los Angeles on April 29 , 2016 . The event was presented in conjunction with the 43rd Daytime Emmy Awards by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences . The nominations were announced on March 24 , 2016 , and neither ceremony was televised . ", "The 51st Annual Australian Film Institute Awards ceremony , honoring the best in film and television acting achievements for 2009 in the cinema of Australia , took place over two nights on 5 December 2009 and on 11 December 2009 . During the ceremonies , the Australian Film Institute presented Australian Film Institute Awards -LRB- AFI awards -RRB- in 40 categories , including feature films , television , animation , and documentary . The ceremony was hosted by Julia Zemiro of SBS 's RocKwiz . Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface ; with nominees thereafter . ", "The 9th César Awards ceremony , presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma , honoured the best French films of 1983 and took place on 3 March 1984 at the Théâtre de l'Empire in Paris . The ceremony was chaired by Gene Kelly and hosted by Léon Zitrone . Le Bal and À nos amours tied for the award for Best Film . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Spider-Man_2", "Ultimate_Spider-Man_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "The_Amazing_Spider-Man_Family", "Interactions_-LRB-The_Spectacular_Spider-Man-RRB-", "Spider-Woman_-LRB-Gwen_Stacy-RRB-" ]

[ "Spider-Man 2 is a 2004 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Alvin Sargent from a story by Alfred Gough , Miles Millar , and Michael Chabon . The sequel to the 2002 film Spider-Man , it is the second film in Raimi 's Spider-Man film trilogy based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name . Tobey Maguire , Kirsten Dunst , and James Franco reprise their respective roles as Peter Parker/Spider-Man , Mary Jane Watson and Harry Osborn . Set two years after the events of Spider-Man , the film finds Peter Parker struggling to manage both his personal life and his duties as Spider-Man , while Dr. Otto Octavius -LRB- Doctor Octopus -RRB- becomes a diabolical villain after a failed experiment kills his wife and leaves him neurologically fused to mechanical tentacles . Spider-Man must stop him from successfully recreating the experiment , which threatens to annihilate the city . Spider-Man 2 was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on June 30 , 2004 . It grossed $ 783.8 million worldwide and won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects . It also received five awards at the Saturn Awards ceremony including Best Fantasy Film and Best Director for Raimi . The film 's success led to the release of Spider-Man 3 in 2007 . ", "Ultimate Spider-Man is an American animated television series based on the Spider-Man comics published by Marvel Comics . The series featured writers such as Brian Michael Bendis -LRB- who also writes the comic book series of the same name -RRB- , Paul Dini , and Man of Action -LRB- a group consisting of Steven T. Seagle , Joe Kelly , Joe Casey and Duncan Rouleau -RRB- . The third season was retitled Marvel 's Ultimate Spider-Man : Web Warriors and the fourth and final season was retitled Marvel 's Ultimate Spider-Man vs. the Sinister 6 . It was first announced to air on Disney XD in early 2012 , and debuted alongside the second season of The Avengers : Earth 's Mightiest Heroes as part of the Marvel Universe programming block on April 1 , 2012 . At New York Comic Con 2016 , it was confirmed that Season 4 will be the series ' final season , making way for a new series titled Marvel 's Spider-Man '' . The series ended on January 7 , 2017 , with the two-part `` Graduation Day '' episode . ", "Spider-Man Family -LRB- later retitled The Amazing Spider-Man Family -RRB- is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics . It began as a series of one-shots written and penciled by various writers and artists before becoming a bi-monthly ongoing series with the first issue cover-dated February 2007 . Its initial writer was Sean McKeever . Each issue of Spider-Man Family contained brand new stories featuring Spider-Man and his supporting cast , reprints of classic Spider-Man tales , and an American translation of the original Japanese manga , Spider-Man J. In June 2008 , Spider-Man Family was relaunched as The Amazing Spider-Man Family , and became a showcase title for many of the divergent timelines that had clustered the franchise . In addition to strips set in the Brand New Day timeline , a strip exploring the early days of Peter Parker 's life as Spider-Man was also included . Another feature , Mr. and Mrs. Spider-Man , written by Tom DeFalco , took place within Marvel 's MC2 continuity . In November 2008 , Joe Quesada confirmed on his blog that cult favourite Spider-Girl would be moving to Amazing Spider-Man Family in April 2009 . On July 13 , 2009 , Marvel announced a new monthly anthology title , Web of Spider-Man , to replace The Amazing Spider-Man Family . Unlike The Amazing Spider-Man Family , it featured only new stories , with backup stories initially starring Spider-Girl , then switching to Jackpot . ", "`` Interactions '' is the second episode of the animated television series The Spectacular Spider-Man , based on the comic book character Spider-Man created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko . The episode sees Spider-Man confronting the supervillain Electro , whose body was corrupted with electricity after a freak lab accident . Directed by Troy Adomitis , `` Interactions '' was written by Kevin Hopps , who researched all the available comic books he had that featured Electro . The character 's appearance in the episode draws on his traditional comic book style , though designer Victor Cook emphasized the color green and removed the character 's customary star-shaped mask . His voice actor , Crispin Freeman , sought to reflect the character 's declining sanity in his vocal style . `` Interactions '' first aired March 8 , 2008 , on the Kids ' WB block of The CW network , following the first episode . Its 1.4 / 4 Nielsen rating was higher than that of the pilot , `` Survival of the Fittest '' . The episode received mixed reviews ; IGN commented that '' -LSB- w -RSB- hile not as strong as the pilot , the episode had some notable moments '' . ", "Spider-Woman -LRB- Gwen Stacy -RRB- , commonly referred to as Spider-Gwen , is a fictional superhero in comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by Jason Latour and Robbi Rodriguez , the character debuted in Edge of Spider-Verse # 2 , as part of the 2014 -- 15 Spider-Verse comic book storyline . This led to the ongoing series Spider-Gwen that began in 2015 . The character is a variant of Spider-Man and an alternate-universe version of Gwen Stacy . She resides in what Marvel official nomenclature dubs Earth-65 , where , instead of Peter Parker being bitten by a radioactive spider and becoming Spider-Man , Gwen Stacy instead is bitten and becomes the superhero Spider-Woman . The character is featured in other alternate universes and appears in other Marvel media such as an animated television series and video games , and in merchandise such as action figures . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 2, 1 ]

[ "Firefox", "GNU_LibreJS", "Pentadactyl", "Web_browser", "Netscape_Navigator" ]

[ "Mozilla Firefox -LRB- or simply Firefox -RRB- is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation . Firefox is available for Windows , macOS and Linux operating systems , with its Firefox for Android available for Android -LRB- formerly Firefox for mobile , it also ran on the discontinued Firefox OS -RRB- ; where all of these versions use the Gecko layout engine to render web pages , which implements current and anticipated web standards . An additional version , Firefox for iOS , was released in late 2015 , but this version does not use Gecko due to Apple 's restrictions limiting third-party web browsers to the WebKit-based layout engine built into iOS . Firefox was created in 2002 under the name `` Phoenix '' by Mozilla community members who desired a standalone browser , rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle . Even during its beta phase , Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed , security , and add-ons compared to Microsoft 's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6 . Firefox was released in November 2004 , and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months , which was the first time that Internet Explorer 's dominance was challenged . Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator , as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL . Firefox usage grew to a peak of 32 % at the end of 2009 , temporarily making version 3.5 the world 's most popular browser . Usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome . , Firefox has between 9 % and 16 % of worldwide usage as a `` desktop '' browser , making it the second most popular web browser . Firefox is still the most popular desktop browser in Cuba -LRB- even most popular overall -RRB- , Eritrea , and Germany , with 85.93 % , 79.39 % , and 37.01 % of the market share , respectively . It is also the most popular desktop browser in many other African countries . According to Mozilla , there were half a billion Firefox users around the world . ", "GNU LibreJS , or simply LibreJS , is a free software web browser extension for Mozilla Firefox-based browsers , created by the GNU Project . Its purpose is to block nonfree nontrivial JavaScript programs and allow free or trivial JS in a user 's web browser . The add-on was created to address the so-called `` JavaScript Trap '' described by Richard Stallman , a situation in which many users unknowingly run proprietary software in their web browsers . ", "Pentadactyl is a Firefox extension forked from the Vimperator and designed to provide a more efficient user interface for keyboard-fluent users . The design is heavily inspired by the Vim text editor , and the authors try to maintain consistency with it wherever possible . ", "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "Netscape Navigator is a discontinued proprietary web browser , and the original browser of the Netscape line , from versions 1 to 4.08 , and 9.x . It was the flagship product of the Netscape Communications Corp and was the dominant web browser in terms of usage share in the 1990s , but by 2002 its usage had almost disappeared . This was primarily due to the increased usage of Microsoft 's Internet Explorer web browser software , and partly because the Netscape Corporation -LRB- later purchased by AOL -RRB- did not sustain Netscape Navigator 's technical innovation after the late 1990s . The business demise of Netscape was a central premise of Microsoft 's antitrust trial , wherein the Court ruled that Microsoft Corporation 's bundling of Internet Explorer with the Windows operating system was a monopolistic and illegal business practice . The decision came too late for Netscape , however , as Internet Explorer had by then become the dominant web browser in Windows . The Netscape Navigator web browser was succeeded by the Netscape Communicator suite in 1997 . Netscape Communicator 's 4.x source code was the base for the Netscape-developed Mozilla Application Suite , which was later renamed SeaMonkey . Netscape 's Mozilla Suite also served as the base for a browser-only spinoff called Mozilla Firefox . The Netscape Navigator name returned in 2007 when AOL announced version 9 of the Netscape series of browsers , Netscape Navigator 9 . On 28 December 2007 , AOL canceled its development but continued supporting the web browser with security updates until 1 March 2008 . AOL allows downloading of archived versions of the Netscape Navigator web browser family . AOL maintains the Netscape website as an Internet portal . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Watertown,_Massachusetts", "Watertown_Bridge", "Adams,_New_York", "Bemis_-LRB-Watertown,_Massachusetts-RRB-", "Massachusetts" ]

[ "The Town of Watertown is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , United States . It is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census . Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for , and been granted , city forms of government but wish to retain `` The town of '' in their official names . Watertown is made up of six neighborhoods : Bemis , Brigham -LRB- Brigham Historic District -RRB- , Coolidge Square , East Watertown , Watertown Square and the West End . ", "The Watertown Bridge is a five-lane traffic bridge over the Charles River , carrying Rt. 16 and Galen Street . It connects Watertown Square on the north side and Watertown Yard on the south side of Watertown , Massachusetts . Pedestrian walkways line each side . ", "Adams is a town in Jefferson County , New York , USA . Named after President John Adams , the population was 5,143 at the 2010 census . The Town of Adams also contains a village named Adams . Both village and town are centrally located in the county and are south of Watertown . ", "Bemis is a neighborhood located in the southwest corner of Watertown , Massachusetts , United States . It is bounded by Main Street to the north , the Charles River to the south , and the City of Waltham to the west . The neighborhood derives its name from Seth Bemis -LRB- 1775 -- 1851 -RRB- , who ran mills on both sides of the river near Bridge Street , including the Bemis Mill , which is located just across the Charles River at 1 -- 3 Bridge Street , in Newton , and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Seth was the father of George Bemis -LRB- October 13 , 1816 -- January 5 , 1878 -RRB- , a successful lawyer and legal scholar . Bemis Park is located in this neighborhood . ", "Massachusetts -LSB- mæsəˈtʃuːsᵻts -RSB- or -LSB- ˌmæsəˈtʃuːzᵻts -RSB- ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The state is named for the Massachusett tribe , which once inhabited the area . The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston . Over 80 % of Massachusetts ' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts ' economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England , founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention . In the 18th century , the Protestant First Great Awakening , which swept the Atlantic World , originated from the pulpit of Northampton preacher Jonathan Edwards . In the late 18th century , Boston became known as the `` Cradle of Liberty '' for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution . The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a powerful commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States . Before the American Civil War , Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist , temperance , and transcendentalist movements . In the late 19th century , the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke , respectively . In 2004 , Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court . Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state , including the Adams and Kennedy families . Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States , with the largest financial endowment of any university , and Harvard Law School has educated a contemporaneous majority of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called `` the most innovative square mile on the planet '' , in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 . Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , also in Cambridge , have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world . Massachusetts ' public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Levoamphetamine", "Hypermerimna", "Parkinson's_disease", "DiFMDA", "Neuroglycopenia" ]

[ "Levoamphetamine , also known as levamfetamine -LRB- INN -RRB- , -LRB- R -RRB- - amphetamine , - amphetamine , and L-amphetamine , is a central nervous system -LRB- CNS -RRB- stimulant known to increase wakefulness and concentration in association with decreased appetite and fatigue . Pharmaceuticals that contain levoamphetamine are currently indicated and prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder -LRB- ADHD -RRB- , obesity , and narcolepsy in some countries . Levoamphetamine is the levorotatory stereoisomer of the amphetamine molecule . ", "Hypermerimna -LRB- / ˌhaɪpərmərimnə / ; ` hyper ' from Greek ὑπέρ -LRB- huper , `` over '' -RRB- , ' - merimna ' from Greek μέριμνα -LRB- anxiety -RRB- -RRB- is an inability to remove focus from anxiety-producing stimuli , which may be caused by damage to the attention control centers of the brain . ", "Parkinson 's disease -LRB- PD -RRB- is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA -LRB- levodopa -RRB- , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day -LRB- on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April -RRB- and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali . ", "Difluoromethylenedioxyamphetamine -LRB- DiFMDA -RRB- is a substituted derivative of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -LRB- MDA -RRB- , which was developed by Daniel Trachsel and coworkers , along with the corresponding fluorinated derivatives of MDMA , MDEA , BDB and MBDB , with the aim of finding a non-neurotoxic drug able to be used as a less harmful substitute for entactogenic drugs such as MDMA . Since a major route of the normal metabolism of these compounds is scission of the methylenedioxy ring , producing neurotoxic metabolites such as alpha-methyldopamine , it was hoped that the difluoromethylenedioxy bioisostere would show increased metabolic stability and less toxicity . These compounds have not yet been tested in animals to verify whether they show similar pharmacological activity to the non-fluorinated parent compounds , although in vitro binding studies show DFMDA to have a SERT affinity in between that of MDA and MDMA . However , there is known to be a lack of bulk tolerance at this position of the molecule , shown by the generally reduced activity of the ethylidenedioxy and isopropylidenedioxy analogues . It is also now generally accepted that MDMA neurotoxicity results from a variety of different causes and is not solely due to accumulation of alpha-methyldopamine , making it unclear how much less neurotoxic DFMDA and related drugs would be in practice . ", "Neuroglycopenia is a medical term that refers to a shortage of glucose -LRB- glycopenia -RRB- in the brain , usually due to hypoglycemia . Glycopenia affects the function of neurons , and alters brain function and behavior . Prolonged or recurrent neuroglycopenia can result in loss of consciousness , damage to the brain , and eventual death . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Yin_and_yang", "Wen_and_wu", "Empress_Yin", "Second_wave_positive_psychology", "Yinchuan" ]

[ "In Chinese philosophy , yin and yang -LRB- also yin -- yang or yin yang , yīnyáng `` dark -- bright '' -RRB- describe how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary , interconnected , and interdependent in the natural world , and how they may give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another . Many tangible dualities -LRB- such as light and dark , fire and water , expanding and contracting -RRB- are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality symbolized by yin and yang . This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy , as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine , and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise , such as baguazhang , taijiquan -LRB- t ` ai chi -RRB- , and qigong -LRB- Chi Kung -RRB- , as well as appearing in the pages of the I Ching . Duality is found in many belief systems , but Yin and Yang are parts of a Oneness that is also equated with the Tao . A term has been coined dualistic-monism or dialectical monism . Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary -LRB- rather than opposing -RRB- forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts . Everything has both yin and yang aspects -LRB- for instance , shadow can not exist without light -RRB- . Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object , depending on the criterion of the observation . The yin yang -LRB- i.e. taijitu symbol -RRB- shows a balance between two opposites with a portion of the opposite element in each section . In Taoist metaphysics , distinctions between good and bad , along with other dichotomous moral judgments , are perceptual , not real ; so , the duality of yin and yang is an indivisible whole . In the ethics of Confucianism on the other hand , most notably in the philosophy of Dong Zhongshu -LRB- 2nd century BC -RRB- , a moral dimension is attached to the idea of yin and yang . ", "Wén 文 and wǔ 武 - a conceptual pair in Chinese philosophy and political culture describing opposition and complementarity of civil ① and military ② realms of government . Differentiation between wen and wu was engaged in discussions on criminal punishment , administrative control , creation and reproduction of social order , education and moral transformation . The concept was formed during the Chunqiu and Warring States periods , and best articulated in the 3rd or 2nd century BCE . However , until recently it was not much discussed by the Western scholars because of ① their aberrated perception of the importance of Confucianism in the pre-imperial and early imperial era , and ② their understanding of Confucianism as pacifist in its nature . An example of the last is provided by John K. Fairbank : `` Warfare was disesteemed in Confucianism ... The resort to warfare -LRB- wu -RRB- was an admission of bankruptcy in the pursuit of wen -LSB- civility or culture -RSB- . Consequently , it should be a last resort ... Herein lies the pacifist bias of the Chinese tradition ... Expansion through wen ... was natural and proper ; whereas expansion by wu , brute force and conquest , was never to be condoned . '' ", "Empress Yin may mean or refer to : Empress Yin Lihua -LRB- 5 -- 64 -RRB- , wife of Emperor Guangwu of Han Empress Yin -LRB- He -RRB- -LRB- died 102 -RRB- , wife of Emperor He of Han Empress Yin Yuying -LRB- died 453 -RRB- , wife of Liu Shao of Liu Song Lady Yin , first wife of Emperor Taizong of Song , posthumously honored an empress Yin ", "Second wave positive psychology -LRB- PP 2.0 -RRB- is concerned with how to bring out the best in individuals and society in spite of and because of the dark side of human existence through the dialectical principles of yin and yang . There has also been a distinct shift from focusing on individual happiness and success to the double vision of individual well-being and the big picture of humanity . PP 2.0 is more about bringing out the `` better angels of our nature '' than achieving optimal happiness or personal success , because the better angels of empathy , compassion , reason , justice , and self-transcendence will make people better human beings and this world a better place . PP 2.0 pivots around the universal human capacity for meaning seeking and meaning making in achieving optimal human functioning under both desirable and undesirable conditions . This emerging movement is an inevitable and necessary corrective response to the inherent problems of what has been called `` positive psychology as usual '' . ", "Yinchuan is the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , China , and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Tanguts . It has an area of 4467 sqkm and a total population of 1.99 million . Its built up area is home to 1,290,170 inhabitants spread on three urban districts . The name of the city literally means `` silver river '' . Thanks to the Yellow River , Yinchuan enjoys beautiful natural scenery and favorable conditions for agriculture and has long earned the fame of a `` River Side City in the Northwest '' and `` Home to Fishes and Rice '' . Yinchuan is now the permanent site for China-Arab Expo which is an international platform for cultural and economic exchanges between China and Arab countries . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Raja_Hindustani", "Saaya_-LRB-2003_film-RRB-", "Vaah!_Life_Ho_Toh_Aisi!", "Barsaat_-LRB-1995_film-RRB-", "Maharaja_-LRB-1998_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Raja Hindustani -LRB- translation : Indian King -RRB- is a 1996 Indian blockbuster Hindi-language drama romance film directed by Dharmesh Darshan . It tells the story of a cab driver hailing from a small town , who falls in love with a rich girl . Aamir Khan and Karisma Kapoor play the lead roles . Released on 15 November 1996 , it is a remake of the 1965 Hindi film Jab Jab Phool Khile starring Shashi Kapoor and Nanda . The film 's music is composed by Nadeem-Shravan with lyrics by Sameer . The film went on to win five Filmfare Awards including the awards for Best film and Best Actors , and seven Screen Awards . Raja Hindustani was the third most commercially successful Hindi film of the 1990s . Made on a budget of 57.5 million , the film went on to gross 763.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest-grossing film of the year . The film 's music became popular and was successful especially in central and eastern states of India . Karisma Kapoor was complimented for her looks and performance as Aarti , a rich beautiful sensitive young girl full of dreams and desires . She won the Filmfare Best Actress Award for her role . The film was remade in Kannada as Naanu Naane in 2002 starring Upendra and Sakshi Shivanand in lead roles . The distribution rights are now owned by Red Chillies Entertainment . ", "Saaya -LRB- Hindi : साया , Urdu : سایہ , translation : Shadow -RRB- is a 2003 Bollywood supernatural fantasy film . It is directed by Anurag Basu and stars John Abraham , Tara Sharma and Mahima Chaudhry . The story of the film is adapted from the 2002 Hollywood film Dragonfly . ", "Vaah ! Life Ho Toh Aisi ! -LRB- Wow ! That 's what life should be like ! -RRB- is a 2005 Bollywood fantasy drama film written and directed by Mahesh Manjrekar and produced by Sangeetha Ahir , starring Shahid Kapoor and Amrita Rao in the lead roles . It was released on 23 December 2005 . It is the first Indian film to be shot in high definition -LRB- HD -RRB- . The film is adapted from Hollywood films such as Ghost and Bruce Almighty . It was the 12th highest grossing hindi film of 2005 and was given the below average verdict at the box office . This film draws inspiration from the 3 films - 1955 Tamil Film `` Mudhal Thedi '' starring Sivaji Ganeshan and Anjali Devi , It 's a Wonderful Life produced and directed by Frank Capra and the Hrishikesh Mukerjee directed Naukri starring Raj Kapoor and Rajesh Khanna . ", "Barsaat -LRB- English : Rain -RRB- is a 1995 Hindi romantic film which was the debut of Bobby Deol -LRB- son of veteran actor Dharmendra -RRB- and Twinkle Khanna -LRB- daughter of late actor Rajesh Khanna -RRB- . The film was directed by Rajkumar Santoshi . The movie was initially titled Jaan , later changed to Meri Jeet then Jeet and then Satwa Asmaan , before the Deols settled on Barsaat . Incidentally , after 10 years , actor Bobby Deol worked in same movie title Barsaat -LRB- 2005 film -RRB- ", "Maharaja is a 1998 bollywood supernatural superhero film directed by Anil Sharma . It stars Govinda and Manisha Koirala in the title roles . It is about the struggle of a prince with supernatural powers to get his kingdom back . After the surprise big hit of Mr. India as a superhero movie , Maharaja came out with a bigger budget film in the same genre . Maharaja is considered to be a pioneer in Hindi superhero films . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Saw_II", "Use_Your_Illusion_II", "Use_Your_Illusion_I", "Joshi_Kashimashi_Monogatari", "The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E._-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Saw II is a 2005 American horror film , a sequel to 2004 's Saw and the second installment in the seven-part Saw franchise , directed and co-written by Darren Lynn Bousman . Co-written with series creator Leigh Whannell , it stars Donnie Wahlberg , Franky G , Glenn Plummer , Beverley Mitchell , Dina Meyer , Emmanuelle Vaugier , Erik Knudsen , Shawnee Smith , and Tobin Bell . The film features Jigsaw being apprehended by the police , but trapping the arresting officer in one of his own games while showing another game of eight people -- including the officer 's son -- in progress on TV monitors at another location . It also explores some of John Kramer 's backstory , providing a partial explanation of his reason for becoming Jigsaw . After the financial success of Saw , a sequel was immediately green-lit . Leigh Whannell and James Wan were busy preparing for their next film and were unable to write or direct . Bousman wrote a script called The Desperate before Saw was released and was looking for a producer but many studios rejected it . Hoffman received the script and showed it to his partners Mark Burg and Oren Koules . It was decided that , with some changes , it could be made into Saw II . Whannell became available to provide rewrites of the script . The film was given a larger budget and was shot from May to June 2005 in Toronto . Saw II was released on October 28 , 2005 and , despite mixed reviews from critics , was a financial success , with opening takings of $ 31.9 million and grossing $ 88 million in the United States and Canada . It has remained the highest grossing Saw film in those countries . Bell was nominated for `` Best Villain '' at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards for his role as Jigsaw in the film . Saw II was released to DVD on and topped charts its first week , selling more than 3 million units . At the time , it was the fastest-selling theatrical DVD in Lionsgate 's history . It was followed by Saw III which released October 2006 . ", "Use Your Illusion II is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . The album was released on September 17 , 1991 , the same day as its counterpart album Use Your Illusion I. Both of the albums were released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour . Bolstered by the lead single `` You Could Be Mine , '' Use Your Illusion II was the slightly more popular of the two albums , selling 770,000 copies its first week and debuting at No. 1 on the U.S. charts , ahead of Use Your Illusion I '' 's first week sales of 685,000 . As of 2010 , Use Your Illusion II '' has sold 5,587,000 units in the U.S. , according to Nielsen SoundScan . Both albums have since been certified 7 × Platinum by the RIAA . It was also No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart for a single week . It is the last Guns N ' Roses album to feature rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin . It also included the last Guns N ' Roses song to feature drummer Steven Adler , who played on `` Civil War . '' ", "Use Your Illusion I is the third studio album by American rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on September 17 , 1991 , the same day as its counterpart album Use Your Illusion II . Both albums were released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour . The album debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard charts , selling 685,000 copies in its first week , behind Use Your Illusion II '' 's first week sales of 770,000 . Use Your Illusion I has sold 5,502,000 units in the U.S. as of 2010 , according to Nielsen SoundScan . Each of the Use Your Illusion '' albums have been certified 7 × Platinum by the RIAA . It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1992 . ", "is the 23rd single by the J-pop idol group Morning Musume . It was released on July 22 , 2004 . It sold a total of 91,789 copies in the music stores that report to Oricon and peaked at number three on the Oricon Charts . In July 2004 , the single was certified Gold by RIAJ for physical sales of over 100,000 units . It was also released in a limited editlon which comes in special packaging with five photo cards , while the regular and Single V DVD came with one photo card . ", "The Man from U.N.C.L.E. is a 2015 American action comedy film directed by Guy Ritchie and written by Ritchie and Lionel Wigram . It is based on the 1964 MGM television series of the same name , which was created by Ian Fleming , Norman Felton and Sam Rolfe . The film stars Henry Cavill , Armie Hammer , Alicia Vikander , Elizabeth Debicki , Jared Harris and Hugh Grant . The film was produced by RatPac-Dune Entertainment and Davis Entertainment . In 1993 , John Davis obtained the rights for a film adaptation based on the original series . However , the film fell into development hell due to multiple script rewrites . Over the years , Matthew Vaughn , David Dobkin and Steven Soderbergh were optioned for directing until Ritchie signed on in March 2013 . The film premiered at Barcelona on August 2 , 2015 and was released on August 14 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , receiving mixed reviews and was a box office disappointment , grossing only $ 109 million worldwide against a $ 75 million budget . Vikander , with a number of films that year , won awards from three different critics associations for Actor of the Year and Breakthrough Film Artist . The Man from U.N.C.L.E. was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 17 , 2015 by Warner Home Video . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Alexandria", "Cairo", "Museum_of_Modern_Art_in_Egypt", "Esna", "Coptic_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Giza" ]

[ "Alexandria -LRB- -LSB- ˌælɪɡˈzændriə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndriə -RSB- Arabic : الإسكندرية ; اسكندرية ; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ , Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ -RRB- is the second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt , extending about 32 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country . Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels . Alexandria is Egypt 's largest seaport , serving approximately 80 % of Egypt 's imports and exports . It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez . Alexandria is also an important tourist destination . Alexandria was founded around a small Ancient Egyptian town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great . It became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Hellenistic and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641 , when a new capital was founded at Fustat -LRB- later absorbed into Cairo -RRB- . Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria -LRB- Pharos -RRB- , one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ; its Great Library -LRB- the largest in the ancient world ; now replaced by a modern one -RRB- ; and the Necropolis , one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages . Alexandria was the second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome . Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria , which began in 1994 , is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander , when a city named Rhacotis existed there , and during the Ptolemaic dynasty . From the late 18th century , Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world , both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea , and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton . ", "Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt . The city 's metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world , and 15th-largest in the world , and is associated with ancient Egypt , as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area . Located near the Nile Delta , modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Jawhar of the Fatimid dynasty , but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo . Cairo has long been a center of the region 's political and cultural life , and is titled `` the city of a thousand minarets '' for its preponderance of Islamic architecture . Cairo is considered a World City with a `` Beta + '' classification according to GaWC . Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world , as well as the world 's second-oldest institution of higher learning , Al-Azhar University . Many international media , businesses , and organizations have regional headquarters in the city ; the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence . With a population of 6.76 million spread over 453 km2 , Cairo is by far the largest city in Egypt . An additional 9.5 million inhabitants live in close proximity to the city . Cairo , like many other mega-cities , suffers from high levels of pollution and traffic . Cairo 's metro , one of only two in Africa -LRB- the other is in Algiers , Algeria -RRB- , ranks among the fifteen busiest in the world , with over 1 billion annual passenger rides . The economy of Cairo was ranked first in the Middle East in 2005 , and 43rd globally on Foreign Policy 2010 Global Cities Index . ", "Museum of Modern Art -- Port Said is a modern and contemporary art museum , located in Shohada Square , in Port Said , Egypt . The town of Port Said has an international history of being a cultural crossroads and cosmopolitan community , located at the confluence of the Suez Canal and Mediterranean Sea , on the easternmost edge of the Nile Delta region . ", "Esna -LRB- إسنا -LSB- ˈʔesnæ -RSB- -RRB- , known to the ancient Egyptians as Egyptian : Iunyt or Ta-senet ; Coptic -LRB- Sahidic -RRB- : ⲥⲛⲏ -LRB- Sne -RRB- , which derives from Ta-senet ; Greek : Λατόπολις -LRB- Latopolis or Letopolis -RRB- or πόλις Λάτων -LRB- Polis Laton -RRB- or Λάττων -LRB- Latton -RRB- ; Latin : Lato , is a city in Egypt . It is located on the west bank of the River Nile , some 55 km south of Luxor . The town was formerly part of the modern Qena Governorate , but as of 9/12/2009 , has been incorporated into the new Luxor Governorate . ", "The Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Giza is an Eastern Catholic diocese in Giza . It is one of the suffragan sees comprising the sole ecclesiastical province -LRB- covering all Egypt -RRB- of the Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria , the head of the Coptic Catholic Church , a Particular church sui iuris -LRB- Alexandrian Rite -RRB- . Its episcopal see is Saint-George cathedral in Giza , which is part of the national capital Cairo 's metropolitan area . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Near-Earth_object", "1915_Quetzálcoatl", "Fornjot_-LRB-moon-RRB-", "Spaceguard", "Neorxnawang" ]

[ "A near-Earth object -LRB- NEO -RRB- is any small Solar System body whose orbit brings it into proximity with Earth . By definition , a solar system body is a NEO if its closest approach to the Sun -LRB- perihelion -RRB- is less than 1.3 astronomical unit -LRB- AU -RRB- . NEOs include more than fourteen thousand near-Earth asteroids -LRB- NEAs -RRB- , more than one hundred near-Earth comets -LRB- NECs -RRB- , and a number of solar-orbiting spacecraft and meteoroids , large enough to be tracked in space before striking the Earth . It is now widely accepted that collisions in the past have had a significant role in shaping the geological and biological history of the Earth . NEOs have become of increased interest since the 1980s because of increased awareness of the potential danger some of the asteroids or comets pose , and mitigations are being researched . In January 2016 , NASA announced the Planetary Defense Coordination Office to track NEOs larger than 30 to 50 meters in diameter and coordinate an effective threat response and mitigation effort . NEAs have orbits that lie partly between 0.983 and 1.3 AU away from the Sun . When a NEA is detected it is submitted to the IAU 's Minor Planet Center for cataloging . Some NEAs orbits intersect that of Earth 's so they pose a collision danger . The United States , European Union , and other nations are currently scanning for NEOs in an effort called Spaceguard . In the United States and since 1998 , NASA has a congressional mandate to catalogue all NEOs that are at least 1 kilometer wide , as the impact of such an object would be globally catastrophic . In 2006 , it was estimated that 20 % of the mandated objects had not yet been found . In 2011 , largely as a result of NEOWISE , it was estimated that 93 % of the NEAs larger than 1 km had been found and that only about 70 remained to be discovered . , there have been 875 NEAs larger than 1 km discovered , of which 157 are potentially hazardous . The inventory is much less complete for smaller objects , which still have potential for large scale , though not global , damage . Potentially hazardous objects -LRB- PHOs -RRB- are currently defined based on parameters that measure the object 's potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth . Mostly objects with an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance -LRB- MOID -RRB- of 0.05 AU or less and an absolute magnitude -LRB- H -RRB- of 22.0 or brighter -LRB- a rough indicator of large size -RRB- are considered PHOs . Objects that can not approach closer to the Earth -LRB- i.e. MOID -RRB- than 0.05 AU , or are smaller than about 150 m -LRB- 500 ft -RRB- in diameter -LRB- i.e. H = 22.0 with assumed albedo of 13 % -RRB- , are not considered PHOs . NASA 's catalog for near-Earth objects also includes the approach distances of asteroids and comets measured in lunar distances , and this usage has become a common unit of measure used by the news media in discussing these objects . Some NEOs are of special interest because they can be physically explored with lower mission velocity than for even the Moon , due to their combination of low velocity with respect to Earth -LRB- ΔV -RRB- and weak gravity , so they may present interesting scientific opportunities both for direct geochemical and astronomical investigation , and as potentially economical sources of extraterrestrial materials for human exploitation . This makes them an attractive target for exploration . As of 2016 , three near-Earth objects have been visited by spacecraft . ", "1915 Quetzálcoatl , provisional designation , is a very eccentric , stony asteroid classified as near-Earth object , about half a kilometer in diameter . It was discovered on 9 March 1953 , by American astronomer Albert George Wilson at Palomar Observatory , California . The asteroid is an Amor asteroid -- a subgroup of near-Earth asteroids that approach the orbit of Earth from beyond , but do not cross it -- and a member of the Alinda family of highly eccentric asteroids . Its Earth Minimum orbit intersection distance -LRB- MOID -RRB- is 0.11 AU and on February 24 , 2062 , it will make a close approach and pass by Earth at a distance of 0.1339 AU . Classified as a SMU-subtype in the Tholen taxonomy , the S-type asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.1 -- 4.0 AU once every 4 years and 1 month -LRB- 1,482 days -RRB- . Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.57 and an inclination of 20 ° with respect to the ecliptic . It has a rotation period of 4.9 hours and an albedo of 0.21 -- 0.31 . In 1981 , this object was observed with radar from the Arecibo Observatory at a distance of 0.09 AU . The measured radar cross-section was 0.02 km2 . It is named after the `` feathered serpent '' Quetzalcoatl , the Mesoamerican deity of wisdom and culture who brought learning to the Toltec people . Naming citation was published before November 1977 . ", "Fornjot -LRB- -LSB- ˈfɔrnjɒt -RSB- -RRB- , or Saturn XLII -LRB- provisional designation S/2004 S 8 -RRB- , is the outermost natural satellite of Saturn . Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard , David C. Jewitt , Jan Kleyna , and Brian G. Marsden on 4 May 2005 from observations taken between 12 December 2004 , and 11 March 2005 . It is about 6 kilometres in diameter , and it orbits Saturn at an average distance of 23,609 Mm in 1354 d at an inclination of 168 ° to the ecliptic -LRB- 160 ° to Saturn 's equator -RRB- in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.186 . Fornjot was named after Fornjót , a giant in Norse mythology . ", "The term Spaceguard loosely refers to a number of efforts to discover and study near-Earth objects -LRB- NEO -RRB- , especially those that may impact earth . Asteroids are discovered by telescopes which repeatedly survey large areas of sky . Efforts which concentrate on discovering NEOs are considered part of the `` Spaceguard Survey , '' regardless of which organization they are affiliated with . A number of organizations have also raised related discussions and proposals on asteroid-impact avoidance . The United Kingdom hosts The SpaceGuard Centre which conducts astrometric research -LRB- MPC code J26 -RRB- and is open to the general public daily . ", "Neorxnawang -LRB- also Neorxenawang , Neorxnawong ; possibly `` field of contentment '' -RRB- is an Old English term used to translate the Christian concept of `` paradise '' in Anglo-Saxon literature . The term is often theorized as originally having referred to a mythological `` heavenly meadow '' , or place without toil or worries , in Germanic paganism . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "P.S._I_Love_You_-LRB-film-RRB-", "P.S._I_Still_Love_You", "PS,_I_Love_You_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "I_Love_You,_Beth_Cooper_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Amatemi" ]

[ "P.S. I Love You is a 2007 American drama film directed by Richard LaGravenese . The screenplay by LaGravenese and Steven Rogers is based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Cecelia Ahern . It stars Hilary Swank , Gerard Butler , Lisa Kudrow , Gina Gershon , James Marsters , Harry Connick Jr. and Jeffrey Dean Morgan . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures and Momentum Pictures . ", "P.S. I Still Love You is a 2015 novel by Jenny Han . This book is the sequel to To All the Boys I 've Loved Before , published in 2014 . ", "PS , I Love You is Irish writer Cecelia Ahern 's first novel , published in 2004 . The book reached No. 1 best-seller status in Ireland -LRB- for 19 weeks -RRB- , Britain , the United States , Germany , and the Netherlands . Holly and Peter being the protagonists , this book reached the best-seller status quite early . ", "I Love You , Beth Cooper is a 2009 comedy film directed by Chris Columbus . It is based on the novel of the same name , written by Larry Doyle , with Doyle also writing the film 's screenplay . The film stars Hayden Panettiere and Paul Rust . ", "Amatemi -LRB- Love Me -RRB- is a 2005 Italian drama film written and directed by Renato De Maria . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "P.S._I_Love_You_-LRB-film-RRB-", "P.S._I_Still_Love_You", "PS,_I_Love_You_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "I_Love_You,_Beth_Cooper_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Amatemi" ]

[ "P.S. I Love You is a 2007 American drama film directed by Richard LaGravenese . The screenplay by LaGravenese and Steven Rogers is based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Cecelia Ahern . It stars Hilary Swank , Gerard Butler , Lisa Kudrow , Gina Gershon , James Marsters , Harry Connick Jr. and Jeffrey Dean Morgan . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures and Momentum Pictures . ", "P.S. I Still Love You is a 2015 novel by Jenny Han . This book is the sequel to To All the Boys I 've Loved Before , published in 2014 . ", "PS , I Love You is Irish writer Cecelia Ahern 's first novel , published in 2004 . The book reached No. 1 best-seller status in Ireland -LRB- for 19 weeks -RRB- , Britain , the United States , Germany , and the Netherlands . Holly and Peter being the protagonists , this book reached the best-seller status quite early . ", "I Love You , Beth Cooper is a 2009 comedy film directed by Chris Columbus . It is based on the novel of the same name , written by Larry Doyle , with Doyle also writing the film 's screenplay . The film stars Hayden Panettiere and Paul Rust . ", "Amatemi -LRB- Love Me -RRB- is a 2005 Italian drama film written and directed by Renato De Maria . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Cordilleran_Ice_Sheet", "Ice_sheet", "Geography_of_North_America", "Geology_of_Bolivia", "Volcanic_belt" ]

[ "The Cordilleran ice sheet was a major ice sheet that periodically covered large parts of North America during glacial periods over the last ~ 2.6 million years . This included the following areas : Western Montana The Idaho Panhandle Northern Washington state down to about Olympia and Spokane All of British Columbia The southwestern third or so of Yukon Territory All of the Alaska Panhandle South Central Alaska The Alaska Peninsula Almost all of the continental shelf north of the Strait of Juan de Fuca The ice sheet covered up to 2.5 million square kilometres at the Last Glacial Maximum and probably more than that in some previous periods , when it may have extended into the northeast extremity of Oregon and the Salmon River Mountains in Idaho . It is probable , though , that its northern margin also migrated south due to the influence of starvation caused by very low levels of precipitation . At its eastern end the Cordilleran ice sheet merged with the Laurentide ice sheet at the Continental Divide , forming an area of ice that contained one and a half times as much water as the Antarctic ice sheet does today . At its western end it is believed nowadays that several small glacial refugia existed during the last glacial maximum below present sea level in the now-submerged Hecate Strait and on the Brooks Peninsula in northern Vancouver Island . However , evidence of ice-free refugia above present sea level north of the Olympic Peninsula has been refuted by genetic and geological studies since the middle 1990s . The ice sheet faded north of the Alaska Range because the climate was too dry to form glaciers . Unlike the Laurentide ice sheet , which is believed to have taken as much as eleven thousand years to fully melt , it is believed the Cordilleran ice sheet , except for areas that remain glaciated today , melted very quickly , probably in four thousand years or less . This rapid melting caused such floods as the overflow of Lake Missoula and shaped the topography of the extremely fertile Inland Empire of Eastern Washington . ", "An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50000 km2 , thus also known as continental glacier . The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland ; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum -LRB- LGM -RRB- the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America , the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America . Ice sheets are bigger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers . Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km2 are termed an ice cap . An ice cap will typically feed a series of glaciers around its periphery . Although the surface is cold , the base of an ice sheet is generally warmer due to geothermal heat . In places , melting occurs and the melt-water lubricates the ice sheet so that it flows more rapidly . This process produces fast-flowing channels in the ice sheet -- these are ice streams . The present-day polar ice sheets are relatively young in geological terms . The Antarctic Ice Sheet first formed as a small ice cap -LRB- maybe several -RRB- in the early Oligocene , but retreating and advancing many times until the Pliocene , when it came to occupy almost all of Antarctica . The Greenland ice sheet did not develop at all until the late Pliocene , but apparently developed very rapidly with the first continental glaciation . This had the unusual effect of allowing fossils of plants that once grew on present-day Greenland to be much better preserved than with the slowly forming Antarctic ice sheet . ", "North America is the third largest continent , and is also a portion of the second largest supercontinent if North and South America are combined into the Americas and Africa , Europe , and Asia are considered to be part of one supercontinent called Afro-Eurasia . With an estimated population of 460 million and an area of 24,346,000 km ² -LRB- 9,400,000 mi ² -RRB- , the northernmost of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west ; the Atlantic Ocean on the east ; the Caribbean Sea , Atlantic and Pacific oceans , and South America on the south ; and the Arctic Ocean on the north . The northern half of North America is sparsely populated and covered mostly by Canada , except for the northeastern portion , which is occupied by Greenland , and the northwestern portion , which is occupied by Alaska , the largest state of the U.S. . The central and southern portions of the continent are represented by the United States , Mexico , and numerous smaller states primarily in Central America and in the Caribbean . The continent is delimited on the southeast by most geographers at the Darién watershed along the Colombia-Panama border , placing all of Panama within North America . Alternatively , a less common view would end North America at the man-made Panama Canal . Islands generally associated with North America include Greenland , the world 's largest island , and archipelagos and islands in the Caribbean . The terminology of the Americas is complex , but `` Anglo-America '' can describe Canada and the U.S. , while `` Latin America '' comprises Mexico and the countries of Central America and the Caribbean , as well as the entire continent of South America . Natural features of North America include the northern portion of the American Cordillera , represented by the geologically new Rocky Mountains in the west ; and the considerably older Appalachian Mountains to the east . The north hosts an abundance of glacial lakes formed during the last glacial period , including the Great Lakes . North America 's major continental divide is the Great Divide , which runs north and south down through Rocky Mountains . The major watersheds all drain to the east : The Mississippi/Missouri and Rio Grande into the Gulf of Mexico , and St. Lawrence into the Atlantic . Climate is determined to a large extent by the latitude , ranging from Arctic cold in the north to tropical heat in the south . The western half of North America tends to have milder and wetter climate than other areas with equivalent latitude , although there are steppes -LRB- known as `` prairies '' -RRB- in the central and western portions , and deserts in the Southwestern United States of Arizona , Colorado , California , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , Oklahoma , and Texas ; along with the Mexican states of Baja California , Baja California Sur , Sonora , Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas . ", "The geology of Bolivia comprises a variety of different lithologies as well as tectonic and sedimentary environments . On a synoptic scale , geological units coincide with topographical units . The country is divided into a mountainous western area affected by the subduction processes in the Pacific and an eastern lowlands of stable platforms and shields . The Bolivian Andes is divided into three main ranges ; these are from west to east : the Cordillera Occidental that makes up the border to Chile and host several active volcanoes and geothermal areas , Cordillera Central -LRB- in some contexts also called Cordillera Oriental -RRB- once extensively mined for silver and tin and the relatively low Cordillera Oriental that rather than being a range by its own is the eastern continuation of the Central Cordillera as a fold and thrust belt . Between the Occidental and Central Cordillera the approximately 3,750-meter-high Altiplano high plateau extends . This basin hosts several freshwater lakes , including Lake Titicaca as well as salt-covered dry lakes that bring testimony of past climate changes and lake cycles . The eastern lowlands and sub-Andean zone in Santa Cruz , Chuquisaca , and Tarija Departments was once an old Paleozoic sedimentary basin that hosts valuable hydrocarbon reserves . Further east close to the border with Brazil lies the Guaporé Shield , made up of stable Precambrian crystalline rock . ", "A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active region . Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity , such as volcanic fields . Volcanic belts are found above zones of unusually high temperature -LRB- 700-1400 ° C -RRB- where magma is created by partial melting of solid material in the Earth 's crust and upper mantle . These areas usually form along tectonic plate boundaries at depths of 10 -- 50 km . For example , volcanoes in Mexico and western North America are mostly in volcanic belts , such as the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt that extends 900 km from west to east across central-southern Mexico and the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province in western Canada . The deeply deformed and eroded remnants of ancient volcanic belts are found in volcanically inactive regions such as the Canadian Shield . It contains over 150 volcanic belts -LRB- now deformed and eroded down to nearly flat plains -RRB- that range from 600 to 1200 million years old . These are zones of variably metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic sequences with associated sedimentary rocks that form what are known as greenstone belts . They are thought to have formed at ancient oceanic spreading centers and island arc terranes . The Abitibi greenstone belt in Ontario and Quebec , Canada is one of the world 's largest greenstone belts . Volcanic belts are similar to a mountain range , but the mountains within the mountain range are volcanoes , not actual mountains that are formed by faulting and folding by the collision of tectonic plates . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Burbank,_California", "Walt_Disney_Pictures", "Legendary_Entertainment", "Cindy_Baer", "Lewis_J._Rachmil" ]

[ "Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California , United States , 12 mi northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the `` Media Capital of the World '' and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including The Walt Disney Company , Warner Bros. . Entertainment , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , NBC , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The city is also home to Bob Hope Airport . It was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley . Burbank 's neighbor , Glendale , is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley . The city was referred to as `` Beautiful Downtown Burbank '' on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 . ", "Walt Disney Pictures , Inc. is an American film production company and a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios , owned by The Walt Disney Company . The subsidiary is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank , California , and is the main producer of live-action feature films within the Walt Disney Studios unit . It took on its current name in 1983 . Today , in conjunction with the other units of Walt Disney Studios , Walt Disney Pictures is classified as one of Hollywood 's `` Big Six '' film studios . Animated films such as those produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios are also released under this brand . Pirates of the Caribbean is the studio 's most successful franchise , with two of its sequels , released in 2006 and 2011 , earning over $ 1 billion in worldwide box office gross . Nearly all of Walt Disney Pictures ' releases are distributed theatrically by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , through home media platforms via Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment and through television syndication by Disney -- ABC Domestic Television . ", "Legendary Entertainment -LRB- also known as Legendary Pictures or Legendary -RRB- is an American media company based in Burbank , California . The company was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000 and in 2005 , concluded an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films with Warner Bros. , and began a similar arrangement with Universal Studios in 2014 . Since 2016 , Legendary has been a subsidiary of the Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group . ", "Cindy Baer is an American actress , director , producer , and entrepreneur . She helms the production company Free Dream Pictures , located in Burbank , California . She directed and produced the critically acclaimed feature films Purgatory House and Odd Brodsky . She attends filmmaking panels across the country , speaking as an expert on low budget filmmaking . Baer resides in Los Angeles , California with her cinematographer husband Matthew Irving . ", "Lewis J. Rachmil -LRB- July 3 , 1908 -- February 19 , 1984 -RRB- was an American film producer and art director . He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film Our Town . In the mid and late 1940s , he produced several of William Boyd 's popular Hopalong Cassidy B-Westerns . In 1959 , he was producer of Men into Space , a one-season CBS TV series that tried to give a serious science fiction preview of where the then-new American space program seemed to be heading . During the 1960s he produced several films in England for Mirisch Films . He was born in New York City and died in Beverly Hills , California . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Yves_Bergeron", "Chris_Benoit", "Luc-Hyacinthe_Masson", "Nicolas_Lesage", "Gaston_Clermont" ]

[ "Yves Bergeron -LRB- born January 11 , 1952 in Malartic , Quebec -RRB- is a retired Canadian ice hockey right winger . He played in the WHA for the Quebec Nordiques and in the NHL for the Pittsburgh Penguins . ", "Christopher Michael Benoit -LRB- -LSB- bəˈnwa -RSB- ; May 21 , 1967 -- June 24 , 2007 -RRB- was a Canadian professional wrestler . During his 22-year career , Benoit worked for numerous promotions including the World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment -LRB- WWF/WWE -RRB- , World Championship Wrestling -LRB- WCW -RRB- , Extreme Championship Wrestling -LRB- ECW -RRB- , and New Japan Pro-Wrestling -LRB- NJPW -RRB- . Industry historian Dave Meltzer considered him `` one of the top 10 , maybe even the top 5 , all-time greats '' . Benoit held 22 championships between WWF/WWE , WCW , NJPW , and ECW . He was a two-time world champion , having been a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion , and a one-time World Heavyweight Champion in WWE ; he was booked to win a third world championship at a WWE event on the night of his death . Benoit was the twelfth WWE Triple Crown Champion and sixth WCW Triple Crown Champion , and the second of five men in history to achieve both the WWE and WCW Triple Crown Championships . He was also the 2004 Royal Rumble winner , joining Shawn Michaels as the only two men to win a Royal Rumble as the number one entrant . Benoit headlined multiple pay-per-views for WWE , including a victory in the World Heavyweight Championship main event match of WrestleMania XX in 2004 . Benoit murdered his wife and son on June 22 , 2007 , and hanged himself two days later . Research suggests depression and brain damage from numerous concussions are likely contributing factors leading to the crime . ", "Luc-Hyacinthe Masson -LRB- August 16 , 1811 -- October 18 , 1880 -RRB- was a Quebec physician , businessman and political figure . He represented Soulanges in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member . He was born in Saint-Benoît , Lower Canada in 1811 , studied at the Petit Séminaire de Montréal and went on to study medicine with Doctor Robert Nelson . He helped fight the Asiatic cholera epidemic of 1832 and qualified as a doctor the following year . He practiced at Saint-Clément-de-Beauharnois and then Saint-Benoit . Masson took part in the Lower Canada Rebellion and was exiled to the Bermudas in 1838 . He returned to New York state in 1838 and returned to Canada East in 1842 . Masson opened a business with his brother at Saint-Anicet . In 1844 , he was named customs collector at Dundee . He served as mayor of Coteau-Landing and represented Soulanges in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1857 . After he retired from politics in 1872 , he served as registrar for Soulanges County and clerk for the circuit court . He died at Coteau-Landing in 1880 . ", "Nicolas Lesage -LRB- born January 3 , 1980 -RRB- is a Gabonese born Canadian retired soccer player who played as a striker . Lesage played the majority of the career in the Canadian province of Quebec with stints in USL Premier Development League , USL First Division , and the Canadian Soccer League . His biggest success was with the Trois-Rivières Attak where he is the all-time leading scorer with 31 goals in all competitions , and assisted the club be claiming their first Open Canada Cup and National Division title . He was awarded the Canadian Soccer League MVP Award , and the CSL Golden Boot becoming the first person in CSL history to win two individual awards in a season . ", "Gaston Clermont -LRB- 5 December 1913 -- 12 January 2005 -RRB- was a Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons and a Canadian businessman . Clermont was born in Chomedey , Quebec . He is the son of Romain Clermont and Dina Hotte . Clermont was educated in Montreal and entered business at Thurso . In 1946 , he married Marie-Blanche Boulerice . He was first elected at the Labelle riding in a 31 October 1960 by-election and served for the latter portion of the 24th Canadian Parliament . He remained a Member of Parliament there until 1968 , except for a one-term defeat in the 1963 federal election by the Social Credit party 's Gérard Girouard . For the 1968 federal election , Clermont switched to the Gatineau riding and was elected there for three terms . He left national office after completing his term in 1979 with the 30th Parliament . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Challenge_XXX-COLON-_Dirty_30", "The_Challenge-COLON-_Rivals_III", "Real_World/Road_Rules_Challenge-COLON-_Battle_of_the_Seasons", "Dirty_Vegas_-LRB-album-RRB-", "The_Cube_-LRB-game_show-RRB-" ]

[ "The Challenge XXX : Dirty 30 is the thirtieth season of the MTV reality competition series , The Challenge . The rumored individual format was filmed in Colombia , with alumni from Real World , Road Rules , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge , Fresh Meat II , and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . ", "The Challenge : Rivals III is the 28th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge . Being the third in the Rivals series , Rivals III marks the show 's third trilogy -LRB- following the Inferno and Gauntlet series -RRB- , continuing on from the original Rivals and Rivals II . It was filmed in Huatulco , Mexico and Mendoza , Argentina during November and December 2015 , with former cast members from MTV 's Real World , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . This season marks the first since season 11 to not feature any original cast members from the Fresh Meat or Fresh Meat II challenges . Unlike the previous two installments of the Rivals series , which featured same-gender pairs , Rivals III saw a change in format , with male/female pairs that had bitter feuds , fights , or strained relationships in previous seasons of Real World , The Challenge , and Are You the One ? -LRB- similar to the Battle of the Exes series -RRB- . Unlike the other Rivals seasons , only the winning team from each week 's challenge was allowed to decide which team would face the last-place team in the elimination round . The season premiered on May 4 , 2016 , and concluded on August 3 , 2016 , with the Reunion special . Lisa Fletcher replaced longtime Challenge producer Justin Booth as executive producer this season . Booth had served as the executive producer since season 15 . ", "Real World/Road Rules Challenge : Battle of the Seasons is the 5th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge -LRB- at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge -RRB- . The season is directly subsequent to Extreme Challenge . Battle of the Seasons premiered in early 2002 and took place in Cabo San Lucas , Mexico . In each episode , the cast competed in a challenge , and the top three Real World and top three Road Rules teams would become the `` Inner Circle '' and have the power to vote off teams . The `` Inner Circle '' was determined by a cumulative score that would be tallied on a leader board . The final six teams would compete for a final prize worth $ 300,000 . This is the first edition of Battle of the Seasons series , with the second Battle of the Seasons , following in 2012 with a completely different format . ", "Dirty Vegas is the self-titled debut album by British house music trio Dirty Vegas , released in the United States on 4 June 2002 -LRB- see 2002 in music -RRB- . The album was successful in the United States , debuting at number 7 on the Billboard 200 . It would spend 19 weeks on the chart and eventually going Gold . The album also spent 16 non consecutive weeks at number-one on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart . The album features the radio hit `` Days Go By '' which was also used in a commercial for the Mitsubishi Eclipse and in the video game , DDRMAX2 : Dance Dance Revolution . The album artwork is done by American artist Richard Phillips . ", "The Cube is a British game show that aired on ITV from 22 August 2009 to 8 August 2015 and is hosted by Phillip Schofield . The show offers contestants the chance to win a top prize of # 250,000 by completing challenges from within a 4m × 4m × 4m Perspex cube . It is based on the idea that even straightforward tasks become extremely challenging when confined and put under pressure inside a small , enclosed area whilst surrounded by a large live studio audience . Once inside , contestants can feel both claustrophobic and disorientated , affecting their concentration and abilities . Using `` state-of-the-art filming techniques '' , the show aims to demonstrate the intense anxiety which contestants undergo as they progress through each task . The challenges involve catching , throwing , estimating , reacting , memorising , balancing , etc. . Colin McFarlane provides the disembodied voice of The Cube , who explains the rules of the games . " ]

[ 2, 1, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "Nawaz_Sharif", "Mohammad_Nawaz", "Munaza_Hassan", "Mahjoub_Sharif", "Amin_Karim" ]

[ "Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif , is a Pakistani politician who is the 20th and current Prime Minister of Pakistan , in office since June 2013 . He has previously also served as the Prime Minister from 1990 to 1993 and from 1997 to 1999 . Born on 25 December 1949 into Sharif family in Lahore , he is the son of Ittefaq and Sharif Group founder Muhammad Sharif , and the elder-brother of three-time elected Punjab Chief Minister , Shehbaz . Sharif studied business at Government College and later law at the University of Punjab before entering politics in the later 1970s . In 1981 , Sharif was appointed by the military government as the Minister of Finance for the province of Punjab . Backed by a loose coalition of conservatives , he was elected as the Chief Minister of Punjab in 1985 and re-elected after the end of martial law in 1988 . In 1990 , Sharif led a conservative alliance to victory , leading him to become the Prime Minister . Later it was blamed that the election was rigged in favor of Sharif by the Pakistani intelligence through channeling millions of rupees into his election campaign . It should be noted that Sharif has an approximate net worth of 20.55 billion USD , as of 2017 . Sharif 's first administration came to an end when then President Ghulam dismissed Sharif on corruption charges . Sharif successfully challenged the dismissal in the Supreme Court , but both men were ultimately persuaded to step down in 1993 by army chief Waheed . Sharif 's second term also saw tussles with the judiciary and the military . Sharif also forcibly relieved General Karamat from command and replaced him with Musharraf in 1998 . However , Kargil War deteriorated his relations with Musharraf . When he attempted to relieve Musharraf from his command on 12 October 1999 , the military instead ousted Sharif 's government , exiling him to Saudi Arabia . In 2013 elections , Sharif 's Muslim League formed a coalition government . As a result , Sharif was elected Prime Minister by Parliament . On security front , in 2015 the military launched an offensive to remove extremist groups in northwestern Pakistan and another paramilitary offensive in 2017 . Sharif 's third term is also underpinned by social centrism rather than the social conservatism , which guided his prior two terms . Sharif 's third term has brought macroeconomic stability with the help of substantial loans from IMF , and signed multi-billion investment deals with China . However , has faced criticism over rising sovereign debt , which has risen by 35 % . Sharif 's family has come under trial over Panama Papers . ", "Mohammad or Muhammad Nawaz may refer to : Mohammad Nawaz -LRB- cricketer , born 1970 -RRB- , Pakistani first-class cricketer for Faisalabad and Sargodha Mohammad Nawaz -LRB- cricketer , born 1974 -RRB- , Pakistani first-class cricketer for Faisalabad and Hyderabad Mohammad Nawaz -LRB- cricketer , born 1994 -RRB- , Pakistani first-class cricketer for Rawalpindi and Quetta Gladiators Mohammad Nawaz -LRB- Karachi cricketer -RRB- , Pakistani first-class cricketer for Karachi and Port Qasim Mohammad Nawaz Sharif , Pakistani politician and three times elected Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz -LRB- general -RRB- , Pakistani general Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti , Pakistani judge Muhammad Nawaz Khan -LRB- politician -RRB- , Pakistani politician Muhammad Nawaz Khan -LRB- writer -RRB- , Pakistani writer Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi , former Pakistani judge ", "Munaza Hassan is a Pakistani politician who is currently a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan . ", "Mahjoub Sharif -LRB- 1 January 1948 -- 2 April 2014 -RRB- , born as Mahjoub Muhammad Sharif Muhammad , was a Sudanese poet , teacher and activist . He became known in Sudan and other Arabic-speaking countries for his colloquial poetry and his public engagement , both committed to further the causes of democracy , freedom , general well-being and national identity . His poetry was put to music by eminent musicians , such as Mohammed Wardi and Mohamed Mounir , but also led to repeated political imprisonment under different Sudanese governments . ", "Mohammad Amin Karim -LRB- Persian : محمد امین کریم ; born 1 March 1959 -RRB- is a France-based Senior Political Board Member of Afghanistan 's Hezb-e Islami Party under the leadership of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar . " ]

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