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nikchar

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retrieval_verification_roberta

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[ "Paul_von_Hindenburg", "Franz_Bracht", "Gerhard_von_Malberg", "Peter_Ludwig_von_der_Pahlen", "Paul_Vanden_Boeynants" ]

[ "Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg , known generally as Paul von Hindenburg -LRB- -LSB- ˈpaʊl fɔn ˈhɪndn̩bʊɐ̯k -RSB- ; 2 October 1847 -- 2 August 1934 -RRB- was a German military officer , statesman , and politician who largely controlled German policy in the second half of World War I and served as the elected President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934 . He played the key role in the Nazi `` Seizure of Power '' in January 1933 by appointing Hitler chancellor of a `` Government of National Concentration '' , even though the Nazis were in the minority in cabinet . Hindenburg retired from the army for the first time in 1911 , but was recalled shortly after the outbreak of World War I in 1914 . He first came to national attention at the age of 66 as the victor of the decisive Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914 . As Germany 's Chief of the General Staff from August 1916 , Hindenburg 's reputation rose greatly in German public esteem . He and his deputy Erich Ludendorff then led Germany in a de facto military dictatorship throughout the remainder of the war , marginalizing German Emperor Wilhelm II as well as the German Reichstag -LRB- Parliament . -RRB- Hindenburg retired again in 1919 , but returned to public life in 1925 to be elected the second President of Germany . In 1932 , Hindenburg was persuaded to run for re-election as German president , although 84 years old and in poor health , because he was considered the only candidate who could defeat Adolf Hitler . Hindenburg was re-elected in a runoff . He was opposed to Hitler and was a major player in the increasing political instability in the Weimar Republic that ended with Hitler 's rise to power . He dissolved the Reichstag twice in 1932 and finally , under pressure , agreed to appoint Hitler Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 . Hindenburg did this to satisfy Hitler 's demands that he should play a part in the Weimar Government despite losing the election . In February , he signed off on the Reichstag Fire Decree , which suspended various civil liberties , and in March he signed the Enabling Act of 1933 , which gave Hitler 's regime arbitrary powers . Hindenburg died the following year , after which Hitler declared the office of President vacant and made himself head of state . Paul von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg was born in Posen , Prussia -LRB- Polish : Poznań ; until 1793 and since 1919 part of Poland -RRB- , the son of Prussian aristocrat Robert -LRB- 1816 -- 1902 -RRB- and wife Luise Schwickart -LRB- 1825 -- 1893 -RRB- , the daughter of medical doctor Karl Ludwig Schwickart and wife Julie Moennich . His paternal grandparents were Otto Ludwig Fady von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg -LRB- 1778 -- 18 July 1855 -RRB- , through whom he was remotely descended from the illegitimate daughter of Count Heinrich VI of Waldeck , and his wife Eleonore von Brederfady -LRB- died 1863 -RRB- . Hindenburg was also a direct descendant of Martin Luther and his wife Katharina von Bora , through their daughter Margareta Luther . Hindenburg 's younger brothers and sister were Otto , born 24 August 1849 , Ida , born 19 December 1851 and Bernhard , born 17 January 1859 . Paul was proud of his family tree , tracing ancestors back to 1289 . The dual surname was adopted in 1789 to secure an inheritance and appeared in formal documents , but in everyday life they were von Beneckendorffs . True to family tradition father supported his family as an infantry officer , he retired as a major . At age 11 Paul entered the Cadet Corps School at -LSB- Wahlstatt -RSB- -RSB- -LRB- now Legnickie Pole Poland -RRB- . At 16 he was transferred to the School in Berlin , at 18 he served as a page to the widow of King Frederick William IV of Prussia . Graduates entering the army were presented to King William I , who asked for their father 's name and rank . He became a second lieutenant in the Third Regiment of Foot Guards . ", "Clemens Emil Franz Bracht -LRB- 23 November 1877 -- 26 November 1933 -RRB- was a German jurist and politician . Born in Berlin , he studied law at the University of Würzburg and the University of Berlin . He joined the Centre Party and on 18 December 1924 became Supreme Burgomaster -LRB- Oberbürgermeister -RRB- of Essen . After the Preußenschlag enacted by German Chancellor Franz von Papen and President Paul von Hindenburg , Bracht was appointed a `` Deputy Commissioner '' for the Interior in the Free State of Prussia on 27 July 1932 . He left the Centre Party and resigned as Burgomaster on 31 October 1932 . On 29 October 1932 he had become a Minister without portfolio in Papen 's cabinet . Under Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher he briefly served as Reich Minister of the Interior from 3 December 1932 . He had to resign , when Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor on 30 January 1933 . Category :1877 births Category :1933 deaths Category : Politicians from Berlin Category : Centre Party -LRB- Germany -RRB- politicians Category : German lawyers Category : Weimar Republic politicians Category : Interior ministers of Prussia Category : Mayors of Essen ", "Gerhard von Malberg -LRB- born c. 1200 , died after 1245 -RRB- was the sixth Grand Master of the Teutonic Order , serving from c. 1241 to 1244 . He was forced to resign from the office , and he does not appear in lists of the order 's Grand Masters compiled in the 15th and 16th centuries . The order was divided and in danger of dissolution during the 1240s and 1250s because its involvement in the papal-imperial conflict . Gerhards immediate successors , Heinrich von Hohenlohe and Gunther von Wüllersleben are also omitted from pre-modern lists , so that Poppo von Osterna -LRB- r. 1252 -- 1256 -RRB- is given as the order 's sixth Grand Master in historical sources . Gerhard was likely a younger son of Dietrich , margrave of Are -LRB- Altenahr -RRB- and Agnes of Malberg . He apparently received the castle of his mother 's family . He was married and had two known sons . He entered the order after the death of his wife , at an unknown time before 1239 . He is first mentioned in 1239 as a witness , as frere Girard de Mauberge . In 1240 he signs as Marshall of the order in a treaty with the Knights Hospitaller . At this time , Pope Gregory IX was planning to incorporate the Teutonic Order into the Knights Hospitaller , and Gerhard 's career in the order was likely furthered by his good connections to the Hospitaller order . He was most likely elected Grand Master in late 1241 . He is recorded as holding this office in February 1242 , when he represented Frederick II at the Roman curia . Frederick II dispatched the new Grand Master , the Archbishop of Bari , and the Magister Roger Porcastrello to pressure the papal conclave to elect Otto of St. Nicholas as pope , but Pope Celestine IV was chosen instead . During 1243 , he seems to have been a follower of Frederick II and his son Conrad IV in their conflict with the new pope Innocent IV , sent by Frederick as an ambassador to the pope to negotiate a reconciliation in June 1243 . The pope gave Gerhard an apostolic ring , representing Prussia as a papal fief of the knights in return for annual tribute from the Order.The knights fought against Świętopełk II of Pomerania during von Malberg 's service . In late 1243 or early 1244 -LRB- before 7 July 1244 -RRB- , Gerhard resigned as Grand Master . The reasons for his resignation are unclear , but he seems to have been accused of poor leadership and mismanagement . Innocent IV permitted Gerhard to enter the Knights Templar , but there is no evidence that Gerhard made use of this . ", "Count Peter Alekseyevich Pahlen -LRB- Russian : Пётр Алексе́евич Па́лен ; German : Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen ; 28 July 1745 -- 25 February 1826 -RRB- was a Russian courtier who played a pivotal role in the assassination of Emperor Paul . He became a general in 1798 , a count in 1799 , and was the Military Governor of St. Petersburg from 1798 to 1801 . ", "Paul Emile François Henri Vanden Boeynants -LRB- -LSB- ˈpʌul vɑndɛn ˈbuinɑnts -RSB- ; 22 May 1919 -- 9 January 2001 -RRB- was a Belgian politician . He served as the 41st Prime Minister of Belgium for two brief periods -LRB- 1966 -- 68 and 1978 -- 79 -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks_-LRB-film-RRB-", "A_Chipmunk_Reunion", "We're_the_Chipmunks_-LRB-Music_from_the_TV_Show-RRB-", "Ross_Bagdasarian_Jr.", "It_Came_from_Hollywood" ]

[ "Alvin and the Chipmunks is a 2007 American live-action/computer animated musical family comedy film directed by Tim Hill . Based on the characters of the same name created by Ross Bagdasarian , Sr. , the film stars Jason Lee , David Cross , and Cameron Richardson with the voices of Justin Long , Matthew Gray Gubler and Jesse McCartney . It was released worldwide on December 14 , 2007 by 20th Century Fox and produced by Fox 2000 Pictures , Regency Enterprises and Bagdasarian Company . Alvin and the Chipmunks grossed $ 217 million in North America and $ 361 million at the box office worldwide on a budget of $ 60 million and was the seventh-best-selling DVD of 2008 , earning over $ 101 million . The first film in the film series , Alvin and the Chipmunks was followed by three sequels : Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Squeakquel , released on December 23 , 2009 , Alvin and the Chipmunks : Chipwrecked , released on December 16 , 2011 and Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Road Chip , released on December 18 , 2015 . ", "A Chipmunk Reunion is a 1985 animated special produced by Bagdasarian Productions , in association with Ruby-Spears Enterprises , and is spun off of NBC 's popular animated series , Alvin & the Chipmunks , starring The Chipmunks and The Chipettes . The special originally aired on NBC on Saturday April 13 , 1985 , as a primetime special , in between seasons two and three of the series . When the series went into syndication in the fall of 1988 , this special was included in the syndication package as a regular episode . ", "We 're the Chipmunks -LRB- Music from the TV Show -RRB- is the licensed soundtrack based on the Chipmunks 2015 television series ALVINNN !!! and the Chipmunks . It was released as a digital download on September 25 , 2015 by Rhino Entertainment . A CD version was released on October 16 , 2015 . The entire album was written and produced by Ross Bagdasarian Jr. and Janice Karman . As of 2017 , the digital version is no longer available for purchase or streaming . The reason for this is currently unknown . However , CD copies of the album can still be purchased . ", "Ross Dickran Bagdasarian Jr. is an American filmmaker and musician , best known for his work on the Alvin and the Chipmunks franchise . He is the son of the franchise 's creator , Ross Bagdasarian Sr. . ", "It Came from Hollywood is a 1982 American comedy documentary film compiling clips from various B movies . Written by Dana Olsen and directed by Malcolm Leo and Andrew Solt , the film features wraparound segments and narration by several famous comedians , including Dan Aykroyd , John Candy , Gilda Radner , and Cheech and Chong . Sections of It Came from Hollywood focus on gorilla pictures , anti-marijuana films and the works of Ed Wood . The closing signature song was the doo wop hit `` What 's Your Name '' by Don and Juan . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Saturn_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Film", "National_Film_Award_for_Best_Promotional_Film", "Best_Director_Award_-LRB-Cannes_Film_Festival-RRB-", "National_Film_Award_for_Best_Non-Feature_Film_Narration_/_Voice_Over", "Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" ]

[ "The Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film is an award presented to the best film in the fantasy genre by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy & Horror Films . ", "The National Film Award for Best Promotional Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals , the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , India . It is one of several awards presented for non-feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal -LRB- Silver Lotus -RRB- . The award was instituted in 1967 , at 15th National Film Awards and awarded annually for short films produced in the year across the country , in all Indian languages . ", "The Best Director Award -LRB- Prix de la mise en scène -RRB- is an annual award presented at the Cannes Film Festival for best directing achievements in a feature film screened as part of festival 's official selection -LRB- i.e. films selected for the competition program which compete for the festival 's main prize Palme d'Or -RRB- . Awarded by festival 's jury , it was first given in 1946 . The prize was not awarded on 12 occasions -LRB- 1947 , 1953 -- 54 , 1960 , 1962 -- 64 , 1971 , 1973 -- 74 , 1977 , 1980 -RRB- . In addition , the festival was not held at all in 1948 and 1950 , while in 1968 no awards were given as the festival was called off mid-way due to the May 1968 events in France . Also , the jury vote was tied and prize was shared by two directors on seven occasions -LRB- 1955 , 1969 , 1975 , 1983 , 2001 , 2002 and 2016 -RRB- . The winner of Best Director Award rarely wins the Palme d'Or , the main prize at the festival -LRB- note that the Palme d'Or is awarded to the film 's director as well ; the only exception is the case of Blue Is the Warmest Colour , where the actresses are also awarded with the director -RRB- . This happened only twice , in 1991 , when Joel Coen won both awards for Barton Fink , and in 2003 , when Gus Van Sant won for his film Elephant . ", "The National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Narration / Voice Over is one of the National Film Awards given by Directorate of Film Festivals , India . It is instituted in 2003 and awarded at 51st National Film Awards . Films made in any Indian language shot on 16 mm , 35 mm or in a wider gauge or digital format and released on either film format or video/digital but certified by the Central Board of Film Certification as a documentary/newsreel/fiction are eligible for non-feature film section . ", "The Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual film awards given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Sierra_Morena", "Glaramara", "Utricularia_regia", "Serrano_Creek", "Biretta_Peak" ]

[ "The Sierra Morena is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain . It stretches for 450 kilometres from east to west across the south of the Iberian Peninsula , forming the southern border of the Meseta Central plateau and providing the watershed between the valleys of the Guadiana to the north and the west , and the Guadalquivir to the south . Its highest summit is 1,332 m high Bañuela . Other notable peaks are Corral de Borros 1,312 m and Cerro de la Estrella 1,298 m. The name Sierra Morena has a strong legendary reputation in Spanish culture and tradition , with myths about bandits -LRB- Los bandidos de Sierra Morena -RRB- , a giant snake -LRB- El Saetón de Sierra Morena -RRB- and a child brought up by wolves -LRB- Marcos Rodríguez Pantoja -RRB- , among others . This range is also mentioned in the famous Mexican song `` Cielito Lindo '' and in one of the most well known traditional Spanish songs , `` Soy Minero '' , interpreted by Antonio Molina . ", "Glaramara is a fell in the English Lake District in Cumbria . It is a substantial fell that is part of a long ridge that stretches for over six kilometres from Stonethwaite in Borrowdale up to the important mountain pass of Esk Hause . The summit of Glaramara at 783 m -LRB- 2,569 ft -RRB- is the central point of this ridge , which separates the valleys of Langstrath and Grains Gill . However , the ridge has two additional fells , numerous subsidiary tops and several small tarns making its traverse an appealing and challenging walk . ", "Utricularia regia is a carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia and is endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur region of Guerrero , Mexico . It is similar to U. hintonii and U. petersoniae , but it is easily distinguished from these species by the unusual 4-lobed division of the upper corolla lip and the unique color pattern . Utricularia regia is an annual rupicolous species that is found growing among rocks with mosses and Selaginella in pine forests at altitudes from 1650 m to 1900 m . It grows during the rainy season and flowers from September to October , producing fruit from October to early November . The specific epithet regia was chosen because of the appearance of an inverted crown in the markings of the lower corolla lip . It was discovered in 2005 and collected again on subsequent botanical explorations in preparation for the Flora de Guerrero . It was formally described in a 2009 volume of Brittonia by Sergio Zamudio and Martha Olvera . The authors placed the new species into Peter Taylor 's section Psyllosperma , which has subsequently been merged with section Foliosa based on molecular phylogenetics . ", "Serrano Creek is a roughly 7.5 mi tributary of San Diego Creek in the U.S. state of California . The creek starts in the Santa Ana Mountains in a canyon in Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park , near the boundary of the Cleveland National Forest . It then flows southwest into the city of Lake Forest , running in a channelized course roughly parallel to Aliso Creek . It abruptly turns northwest then southwest at 90-degree angles as it enters a large storm drain that takes it the rest of the way to the confluence with the La Cañada Channel , creating the main stem of San Diego Creek . ", "Biretta Peak is a small peak , 2,530 m high , on the east side of Pain Mesa in the Mesa Range , Victoria Land . It was named by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition , 1962 -- 63 , from its resemblance to the square cap worn by Roman Catholic and some Anglican clerics . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo's_Nest_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Brad_Dourif", "Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor", "Best_Actress", "Will_Sampson" ]

[ "One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman , based on the 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest by Ken Kesey . The film stars Jack Nicholson and features a supporting cast of Louise Fletcher , William Redfield , Will Sampson , and Brad Dourif . Considered to be one of the greatest films ever made , One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest is No. 33 on the American Film Institute 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list . The film was the second to win all five major Academy Awards -LRB- Best Picture , Actor in Lead Role , Actress in Lead Role , Director , and Screenplay -RRB- following It Happened One Night in 1934 , an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 by The Silence of the Lambs . It also won numerous Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards . In 1993 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . ", "Bradford Claude `` Brad '' Dourif -LRB- -LSB- ˈdɔːrᵻf -RSB- born March 18 , 1950 -RRB- is an American stage , film , and voice actor , best known for playing Billy Bibbit in One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest -LRB- which won him a Golden Globe Award and BAFTA Award , as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor -RRB- , Chucky in the Chucky franchise , Gríma Wormtongue in The Lord of the Rings , Deputy Clinton Pell in Mississippi Burning , Piter De Vries in Dune and Doc Cochran in Deadwood -LRB- for which he earned an Emmy Award nomination -RRB- . He also acted in Tales from the Crypt . Dourif has worked with director Werner Herzog on many occasions , appearing in Scream of Stone , The Wild Blue Yonder , Bad Lieutenant : Port of Call New Orleans , and My Son , My Son , What Have Ye Done ? . From June to September 2013 , he starred in an Off Broadway revival of Tennessee Williams ' The Two-Character Play , his first stage appearance in 29 years . ", "The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences -LRB- AMPAS -RRB- . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry . The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy . In the first three years of the awards , actors were nominated as the best in their categories . At that time , all of their work during the qualifying period -LRB- as many as three films , in some cases -RRB- was listed after the award . However , during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930 , only one of those films was cited in each winner 's final award , even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots . The following year , this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a specific performance in a single film . Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937 , the category was officially limited to five nominations per year . Since its inception , the award has been given to 79 actors . Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars . Spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions , more than any other actor . As of the 2017 ceremony , Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in this category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea . ", "Best Actress is the name of an award which is presented by various film , television and theatre organizations , festivals , and people 's awards to leading actresses in a film , television series , television film or play . The first Best Actress award was awarded for acting in a film , on May 16 , 1929 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences -LRB- AMPAS -RRB- at the Academy Awards to Janet Gaynor for her role of Diane in 7th Heaven , Angela in Street Angel and The Wife - Indre in Sunrise : A Song of Two Humans . In theatre , it was first awarded on April 6 , 1947 by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at the Tony Awards to Ingrid Bergman for her role of Mary Grey / Joan of Arc in Joan of Lorraine and to Helen Hayes for her role of Addie in Happy Birthday . In television , it was first awarded on January 23 , 1951 by Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at the Primetime Emmy Awards to Gertrude Berg for her role of Molly in The Goldbergs . In a film festival , presented as the Volpi Cup , it was first awarded between August 1 -- 20 , 1934 by the Venice Film Festival to Katharine Hepburn for her role of Josephine ` Jo ' March in Little Women . ", "William `` Will '' Sampson , Jr. -LRB- September 27 , 1933 -- June 3 , 1987 -RRB- was a Native American painter , actor , and rodeo performer . He is best known for his performance as Chief Bromden in the Academy Award winning film , One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , as well as for his role as Taylor in Poltergeist II : The Other Side and Ten Bears in the Clint Eastwood 1976 classic The Outlaw Josey Wales . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Lois_Lane", "Charles_Lane_-LRB-filmmaker-RRB-", "Superman_-LRB-serial-RRB-", "Memory_Lane", "Joseph_Lane_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-" ]

[ "Lois Lane is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with the superhero Superman . Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , she first appeared in Action Comics # 1 -LRB- June 1938 -RRB- . Lois is a reporter for the Metropolis newspaper , the Daily Planet , an award-winning journalist and the primary love interest of Superman . Her physical appearance was originally based on Joanne Carter , a model hired by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , and Siegel 's future wife . For her character , Siegel was inspired by actress Glenda Farrell , the movie star who portrayed Torchy Blane -- a gutsy , beautiful headline-hunting reporter , starring in a series of 1930s films . Siegel took her name from actress Lola Lane . She was also influenced by the real-life journalist Nellie Bly . Depictions of the character have varied spanning the comics and other media adaptations . The original Golden Age version of Lois Lane , as well as versions of her from the 1970s onwards , portrays Lois as a tough-as-nails journalist and intellectually equal to Superman . During the Silver Age of Comics , she was the star of Superman 's Girl Friend , Lois Lane , a comic book series that had a light and humorous tone . Beginning in 2015 , she stars as the protagonist in the young adult novel series , Lois Lane , by writer Gwenda Bond . Lois is among the best-known female comic book characters . She has appeared in various Superman media adaptations . Actress Noel Neill first portrayed Lois Lane in the 1940s Superman film series and late reprise her role in the 1950s television series Adventures of Superman . Margot Kidder played the character in four Superman films in the 1970s and '80s . Teri Hatcher portrayed her in the 1990s television series Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman and Erica Durance in the ' 00s series , Smallville . In the 2006 film Superman Returns , she was played by Kate Bosworth . The character was most recently portrayed by actress Amy Adams in the films Man of Steel -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Charles Lane -LRB- born December 26 , 1953 -RRB- is an African-American actor and filmmaker . While attending Purchase College as a film student , he made a short titled A Place in Time based on the famous Kitty Genovese incident . This short gained him a certain amount of attention , including a Student Academy Award win . Lane then directed and starred in feature films True Identity , a vehicle for British comedian Lenny Henry funded by the Walt Disney Company . He wrote , directed and starred in 1989 's Sidewalk Stories , a black-and-white feature about a homeless street artist who becomes the guardian of a small girl after her father is murdered . The nearly silent film was an homage to Charlie Chaplin 's The Kid and was a critical favorite . It won several festival awards , including the Prix du Publique at the Cannes Film Festival , where its 12-minute ovation set a new record . He also received three nominations at the Film Independent Spirit Awards : Best Director , Best First Feature and Best Male Lead On its 25th anniversary in 2014 , Sidewalk Stories was digitally remastered and rescreened at the Cannes Film Festival and Tribeca Film Festival . Lane also had a starring role in the Mario Van Peebles film Posse , as Weezie , often the butt of jokes . He has worked with James Earl Jones , Lenny Henry , and Frank Langella and offered one of the first film roles to The Sopranos actress Edie Falco . Lane often casts various friends and family in his films , including brother Gerald , friend George , and daughter Nicole Alysia . ", "Superman -LRB- 1948 -RRB- is a 15-part black-and-white Columbia film serial based on the comic book character Superman . It stars an uncredited Kirk Alyn -LRB- billed only by his character name , Superman ; but credited on the promotional posters -RRB- and Noel Neill as Lois Lane . Like Batman , it is notable as the first live-action appearance of Superman on film and for the longevity of its distribution . The serial was directed by Thomas Carr , who later directed many early episodes of the Adventures of Superman television show , and Spencer Gordon Bennet , produced by Sam Katzman and shot in and around Los Angeles , California . It was originally screened at movie matinées and after the first three scene-setting chapters , every episode ends in a cliffhanger . The Superman-in-flight scenes are animations , in part due to the small production budget . ", "Memory Lane may refer to Memory Lane -LRB- film -RRB- , a 2012 science-fiction film directed by Shawn Holmes Memory Lane -LRB- audio drama -RRB- , a Doctor Who audio drama Memory Lane , a 2010 album by The High Kings `` Memory Lane '' , a song by McFly from the album Wonderland `` Memory Lane '' , a song by Minnie Riperton from the album Minnie `` Memory Lane '' , a song by Tim McGraw from the album Tim McGraw `` Memory Lane '' , a song by Elliott Smith from the album From a Basement on the Hill `` Memory Lane -LRB- Sittin ' in da Park -RRB- '' , a song by Nas from the album Illmatic Memory Lane , a mini-game in Mario Party 6 Memory Lane , Inc , the company who operates classmates.com , a social media website Brian `` Memory '' Lane , a character in the BBC television drama series New Tricks , played by Alun Armstrong Memory Lane , a 1926 silent film starring Eleanor Boardman `` Memory Lane '' -LRB- The Vampire Diaries -RRB- an episode of the TV series The Vampire Diaries ", "Joseph Lane -LRB- 1801 -- 1881 -RRB- was an American general and United States Senator from Oregon . Joseph or Joe Lane may also refer to : Joseph Lane , birth name of actor Nathan Lane Joseph R. Lane -LRB- 1858 -- 1931 -RRB- , United States Representative from Iowa Joe Lane -LRB- footballer -RRB- -LRB- 1892 -- 1959 -RRB- , English professional footballer Joe Lane -LRB- singer -RRB- -LRB- 1927 -- 2007 -RRB- , Australian jazz vocalist Joe Lane -LRB- Arizona politician -RRB- -LRB- 1935 -- 2014 -RRB- , American politician " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Waise_Lee", "Ang_Lee", "Lee_Lik-chi", "Lee_Seung-yeon", "Lee_Ho-cheol" ]

[ "Waise Lee Chi-hung -LRB- born 19 December 1959 -RRB- is a Hong Kong film and television actor best known for playing the roles of villains and antagonists in various films . ", "Ang Lee OBS -LRB- ; born October 23 , 1954 -RRB- is a Taiwanese film director , screenwriter and producer . Lee 's earlier films , such as The Wedding Banquet , Pushing Hands , and Eat Drink Man Woman explored the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity , Eastern and Western . Lee also deals with repressed , hidden emotions in many of his films , including Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon ; The Ice Storm ; Hulk ; and Brokeback Mountain . Lee 's work is known for its emotional charge , which critics believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers and achieving international recognition . ", "Lee Lik-chi -LRB- born May 10 , 1961 -RRB- is a Hong Kong-based actor , film director and screenplay writer . He is best known for his collaborations with Stephen Chow . He is also an active contributor to local education , lecturing and organizing filmmaking programs to students . ", "Lee Seung-yeon -LRB- born August 18 , 1968 -RRB- is a South Korean actress and talk show host . ", "Lee Ho-cheol -LRB- Hangul : 이호철 ; 15 March 1932 -- 18 September 2016 -RRB- was a South Korean writer who had won several awards . " ]

[ 1, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Baadshah_-LRB-2013_film-RRB-", "Barsaat_Ki_Raat", "Vaah!_Life_Ho_Toh_Aisi!", "Dhosth_-LRB-2001_Malayalam_film-RRB-", "Lower_City" ]

[ "For disambiguation , See Baadshah Baadshah -LRB- Emperor -RRB- is a 2013 Telugu action thriller film directed by Sreenu Vaitla . The film was produced by Bandla Ganesh under his Parameswara Art Productions banner . It stars Jr. . NTR and Kajal Aggarwal in the lead roles and is their second film together after Brindavanam . The soundtrack was composed by S. Thaman and this is his second collaboration with Sreenu Vaitla . Cinematography was handled by Jayanan Vincent , R D Rajasekhar and K V Guhan . The film was released worldwide on 5 April 2013 , receiving positive reviews from critics and recorded as Super Hit at the box-office . and was premiered at the Osaka Asian Film Festival 2014 held in Japan . The film was also dubbed into Hindi under the title Rowdy Baadshah by Goldmines TeleFilms . Baadshah released in 1550 Screens worldwide with 1200 Prints . Later , this movie was dubbed into Malayalam , Japanese , and Korean under the same name . ", "Barsaat Ki Raat -LRB- बरसात की रात Translated : ' A Rainy Night ' -RRB- is a 1960 Bollywood film starring Bharat Bhushan , Madhubala , Shyama , Mumtaz Begum and K.N. Singh . It was directed by P. L. Santoshi . This film was released in black-and-white . It became particularly popular for its qawwali songs and was one of the biggest hits at the box-office in 1960 . This is music director Roshan 's first big success ; almost all the film songs became hits . Barsaat Ki Raat was also one of the last films to star celebrated actress Madhubala . ", "Vaah ! Life Ho Toh Aisi ! -LRB- Wow ! That 's what life should be like ! -RRB- is a 2005 Bollywood fantasy drama film written and directed by Mahesh Manjrekar and produced by Sangeetha Ahir , starring Shahid Kapoor and Amrita Rao in the lead roles . It was released on 23 December 2005 . It is the first Indian film to be shot in high definition -LRB- HD -RRB- . The film is adapted from Hollywood films such as Ghost and Bruce Almighty . It was the 12th highest grossing hindi film of 2005 and was given the below average verdict at the box office . This film draws inspiration from the 3 films - 1955 Tamil Film `` Mudhal Thedi '' starring Sivaji Ganeshan and Anjali Devi , It 's a Wonderful Life produced and directed by Frank Capra and the Hrishikesh Mukerjee directed Naukri starring Raj Kapoor and Rajesh Khanna . ", "Dhosth is a Malayalam film by Thulasidas released in 2001 . It is an remake of a Tamil movie Kannedhirey Thondrinal released in 1998 . It was a breakthrough for Thulasidas and stars Dileep , Kunchacko Boban , and Kavya Madhavan . ", "Lower City -LRB- Cidade Baixa -RRB- is a 2005 Brazilian drama film directed by Sérgio Machado . It was released in Brazil and to international film festivals in 2005 , including being screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . Its general release in the United States was in 2006 in New York . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "TV_Japan", "MOS_Burger", "Food_Network", "Asahi_Kasei", "Wagamama" ]

[ "TV Japan is a 24-hour Japanese-language television channel geared towards the Japanese diaspora in North America . TV Japan is owned by NHK CosmoMedia America Inc. , a subsidiary of NHK Enterprises , the commercial arm of Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai -LRB- NHK -RRB- , Japan 's national public broadcaster . It is available on many cable providers in the United States and Canada , and through U.S. satellite provider Dish Network . While there are a handful of local and regional channels in the United States with primarily Japanese programming , TV Japan is the only such channel available nationwide in both the U.S. and Canada . ", ", doing business as -LRB- Japanese , `` MOS '' -LSB- mosɯ̥ -RSB- or `` Mountain Ocean Sun '' -RRB- , is a fast-food restaurant chain -LRB- fast-casual -RRB- that originated in Japan . It is now the second-largest fast-food franchise in Japan after McDonald 's Japan , and owns numerous overseas outlets over East Asia , including Taiwan , Singapore , Hong Kong , Thailand , Indonesia , Australia , South Korea and , until 2005 , Hawaii . It is also the name of the standard hamburger offered by the restaurant , being its first product when it opened in 1972 . Its headquarters are in the ThinkPark Tower in Ōsaki , Shinagawa , Tokyo . At one time its headquarters were in Shinjuku , Tokyo . As of February 2014 the publicly traded company runs 1,730 MOS BURGER and several AEN , Chef 's V and GREEN GRILL stores . One slogan used within its stores is `` Japanese Fine Burger and Coffee '' . In April 2011 , MOS Burger opened its first store at Sunnybank Plaza , in Brisbane , Queensland Australia . As of May 2016 , the company had six stores in Australia . ", "Food Network -LRB- legally known as Television Food Network -RRB- is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Television Food Network , G.P. , a joint venture between Scripps Networks Interactive -LRB- which owns 70 % of the network -RRB- and the Tribune -LRB- FN -RRB- Cable Ventures Inc. -LRB- which owns the remaining 30 % -RRB- . Despite this ownership structure , the channel is managed as a division of Scripps Networks Interactive . The channel airs both specials and regular episodic programs about food and cooking . In addition to its headquarters in New York City , Food Network has offices in Atlanta , Los Angeles , San Francisco , Chicago , Detroit , Jersey City , Cincinnati , and Knoxville , Tennessee . As of February 2015 , Food Network is available to approximately 96,931,000 pay television households -LRB- 83.3 % of households with television -RRB- in the United States . ", "is a global Japanese chemical company . Its main products are chemicals and materials science . It was founded in May 1931 , using the paid in capital of Nobeoka Ammonia Fiber Co. , Ltd , a Nobeoka , Miyazaki based producer of ammonia , nitric acid , and other chemicals . Now headquartered in Tokyo , with offices and plants across Japan , as well as China , Singapore , Thailand , U.S.A. and Germany . The company is listed on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX 100 and Nikkei 225 stock market indices . Asahi Kasei is a member of the Mizuho keiretsu . ", "Wagamama -LRB- stylized as wagamama -RRB- is a British-headquartered restaurant chain , serving Asian food inspired by the flavours of Japan . " ]

[ 0, 2, 1, 0, 2 ]

[ "See_You_on_the_Other_Side_-LRB-Korn_album-RRB-", "A_Side_Productions", "The_Other_Side_-LRB-2011_film-RRB-", "1997_in_film", "Your_Side" ]

[ "See You on the Other Side is the seventh studio album by Korn . It was released on December 6 , 2005 , by Virgin Records . It is their first album without long-time guitarist Brian `` Head '' Welch and the last album with original drummer David Silveria . The album was first certified gold in the United States on January 12 , 2006 ; a subsequent platinum record certification was awarded on March 16 , 2006 . The album is best known for the involvement of renowned production team ` The Matrix ' , best known for coproduction on works by Avril Lavigne , Britney Spears , and Shakira , who managed to give Korn 's music a different sound . The album features layout design and an original painting by the American surrealist / gothic painter David Stoupakis as a cover , eleven more paintings by the artist appear for the additional artwork and the deluxe special edition . ", "A Side Productions is a music production company established by Per Magnusson and David Kreuger in early 2001 . Located in the center of Stockholm , A Side Productions writes and produces songs for artists such as Il Divo , Leona Lewis , Shayne Ward and Paul Potts to mention a few . Together Magnusson and Kreuger started off a musical career in 1994 when invited by Denniz PoP to join his recently founded Cheiron Productions . The following years the tandem gained huge international recognition working with Boyzone , Britney Spears , Westlife and the Backstreet Boys . Shortly after Cheiron was dissolved , Magnusson and Kreuger formed A Side Productions and success has kept coming . This includes co-writing and / or producing three UK No 1 singles to date : Evergreen -LRB- Will Young -RRB- Anyone of Us -LRB- Stupid Mistake -RRB- -LRB- Gareth Gates -RRB- That 's My Goal -LRB- Shayne Ward -RRB- Involved in the immense global success of Il Divo , A Side Productions since 2004 has contributed with more than a dozen productions and songs across their four studio albums . The latest production for the quartet is L'Alba Del Mondo included on The Promise , which was released in the UK on November 10 , 2008 , instantly reaching No 1 . A week later , previous X Factor winner Leona Lewis bounced back to the top of the charts with Spirit The Deluxe Edition including her third single , the A Side Productions ' co-written song Footprints in the Sand , which earlier in 2008 reached No 2 . ", "The Other Side is a 2011 comedy-drama film . The film is the directorial debut of writer David Michaels , who co-wrote the script with Phil Reeves . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Giovanni Ribisi , Dave Matthews , Anjelica Huston and Jason Lee . ", "The year 1997 in film involved many significant films , including the blockbuster success Titanic , and the beginning of the film studio DreamWorks . ", "Your Side is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Stanley Huang 's debut Mandarin solo studio album . It was released on 1 March 2000 by EMI Music Taiwan . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Clueless_-LRB-novels-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Clueless_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Clue_-LRB-miniseries-RRB-", "The_Lost_Fleet-COLON-_Dauntless" ]

[ "The Clueless series is a series of young adult novels , mainly written by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfeld . The series is published by Simon & Schuster . The series was generated after the release of the 1995 movie starring Alicia Silverstone . ", "Clueless is an American sitcom based on the 1995 teen film of the same name -LRB- which was inspired by the Jane Austen book Emma -RRB- . The series originally premiered on ABC on September 20 , 1996 as a part of the TGIF lineup during its first season . The show then spent its last two seasons on UPN ending on May 25 , 1999 . ", "Clueless is a 1995 American coming-of-age comedy film written and directed by Amy Heckerling . It stars Alicia Silverstone , Stacey Dash , Paul Rudd and Brittany Murphy , and was produced by Scott Rudin and Robert Lawrence . It is loosely based on Jane Austen 's 1815 novel Emma , updating the setting to modern Beverly Hills . Elements of the plot were also originally drawn from Shakespeare 's Titus Andronicus , but were later omitted due to lack of continuity . The film grossed $ 56 million in the United States , received generally positive reviews from critics , and has developed a cult following . The film was followed by a spin-off television sitcom and series of books . ", "Clue was an American five-part mystery television miniseries based on the Parker Brothers board game of the same name , which aired on The Hub from November 14 , 2011 to November 17 , 2011 . The series features a youthful , ensemble cast working together , uncovering clues to unravel a mystery . The series was created by Raven Metzner and stars Sterling Beaumon as Seamus , Sarah Desjardins as Whitney , Kendall Amyre Ferguson as Agnes , Ana Golja as Liz , Stephan James as Dmitri , and Zach Mills as Lucas . ", "The Lost Fleet : Dauntless is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack Campbell , the first in his The Lost Fleet series , published in 2006 . Dauntless sets the stage for the six novel saga about a fleet of over 200 ships trapped deep behind enemy lines and cut off from traveling to their home territory . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Mandy_Moore", "Candy_-LRB-Mandy_Moore_song-RRB-", "So_Real_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Mandy_McCartin", "Vanessa_Bolosier" ]

[ "Amanda Leigh Moore -LRB- born April 10 , 1984 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter and actress . Moore first came to prominence with her 1999 debut single , `` Candy '' , which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 . After signing with Epic Records , she released her debut album , So Real , in 1999 . It went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA . Her 2000 single , `` I Wan na Be with You '' , became her first Top 30 song in the US , peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100 chart . As of 2009 , Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide , according to Billboard . In 2012 , Moore was ranked # 96 on VH1 's list of `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' , as well as # 63 on their Sexiest Artists of All Time List . Outside of her musical career , Moore has also branched out into acting . In 2001 , she made her film debut in the comedy Dr. Dolittle 2 , though it was only a minor voice role . Later that year , she co-starred as Lana Thomas in the comedy The Princess Diaries with Anne Hathaway . In 2002 , she made her starring debut with Shane West as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember , which was based on Nicholas Sparks ' novel of the same name . Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the 2010 animated feature Tangled , and reprised the role in a 2017 television series based on the film . In 2016 , she began starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination . ", "`` Candy '' is a song by American singer Mandy Moore . It served as Moore 's debut single and opening track from her 1999 debut studio album , So Real . Written and composed by Denise Rich , Dave Katz , Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones , Tony Battaglia , Shaun Fisher , `` Candy '' was released on August 17 , 1999 , by Epic Records . The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s . Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music , which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the globe , including young female singers such as Moore , Britney Spears , Jessica Simpson , and Christina Aguilera . The music video , which was directed by Chris Robinson , had a cameo by the girl group PYT . The song was part of Now That 's What I Call Music ! 4 in July 2000 and MTV 's Fantastic Females Vol . 2 in the early 2000s , though strictly on the Asian Release . Tiffany Giardina recorded a cover of this song in 2008 for her album No Average Angel , which was released in 2009 . Her version has faster tempo and was performed in upbeat pop rock and bubblegum pop style . ", "So Real is the debut studio album by American pop singer Mandy Moore . The album was released on December 7 , 1999 , in the United States by Epic Records . The album 's lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival . The album was released mainly due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera , who released their debut albums that same year to commercial success . So Real became a moderate hit in the United States , reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA , for shipments of over 1 million . The album spawned a Top 40 hit with `` Candy '' and went gold within three months in the RIAA , although such success was considered trivial compared to the overwhelming popularity of teen pop 's biggest stars at the time . ", "Mandy McCartin -LRB- born 10 April 1958 -RRB- is an artist based in London , a `` proud butch lesbian '' and DJ `` classic soul fanatic '' . ", "Vanessa Bolosier born in Guadeloupe , is a French Caribbean food writer living in London . She 's the author of Creole Kitchen published by Pavilion in June 2015 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "The_Originals_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "The_Americans_-LRB-season_3-RRB-", "Playdates_-LRB-Modern_Family-RRB-", "The_Guardian_-LRB-season_3-RRB-", "Homecoming_-LRB-The_Wire-RRB-" ]

[ "The Originals is an American television series that began airing on The CW on October 3 , 2013 . Created as a spin-off of The Vampire Diaries , the series follows vampire Klaus Mikaelson as he and his family become embroiled in the supernatural politics of New Orleans . On May 10 , 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a fifth season . ", "The third season of the American television drama series The Americans , consisting of 13 episodes , premiered on FX on January 28 , 2015 , and concluded on April 22 , 2015 . The series was renewed for the third season on April 16 , 2014 . ", "`` Playdates ' '' is the tenth episode of seventh season of the American sitcom Modern Family . It aired on January 6 , 2016 on American Broadcasting Company -LRB- ABC -RRB- . The episode is directed by Claire Scanlon and written by Jeffrey Richman . ", "The 3rd and final season of The Guardian premiered on CBS on September 23 , 2003 , and concluded on May 4 , 2004 . ", "`` Homecoming '' is the sixth episode of the third season of the HBO original series , The Wire . The episode was written by Rafael Alvarez from a story by David Simon & Rafael Alvarez and was directed by Leslie Libman . It originally aired on October 31 , 2004 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Simon_Cowell", "Cary_Elwes", "The_X_Factor_-LRB-UK_TV_series-RRB-", "Simon_Jowett", "Ashley_Cowie" ]

[ "Simon Phillip Cowell -LRB- -LSB- ˈkaʊəl -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- born 7 October 1959 -RRB- is an English reality television judge and producer , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He is most recognised as a judge on the British TV talent competition series Pop Idol , The X Factor , and Britain 's Got Talent , and the American TV talent competition shows American Idol , The X Factor , and America 's Got Talent . Cowell is the principal founder and chief executive of the British entertainment company Syco . As a judge , Cowell often makes blunt and controversial comments , including insults and wisecracks about contestants and their singing abilities . He combines activities in both the television and music industries . Cowell has produced and promoted singles and albums for various singers that he has taken under his wing . He is currently appearing on the eleventh Series of Britain 's Got Talent and , recently , the thirteenth series of UK 's The X Factor along with the eleventh series of America 's Got Talent . In 2004 and 2010 , Time named Cowell one of the 100 most influential people in the world . In 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked him sixth in their list of the `` 100 most powerful people in British culture '' . ", "Ivan Simon Cary Elwes -LRB- -LSB- ˈɛlwɪs -RSB- born 26 October 1962 -RRB- , known professionally as Cary Elwes , is an English actor and writer . He is best known for his roles in films such as The Princess Bride , Glory , Robin Hood : Men in Tights , Days of Thunder , Bram Stoker 's Dracula , Hot Shots ! , Twister , The Jungle Book , Liar , Liar , and Saw . He has also had recurring roles in series such as The X-Files and Psych , and currently stars in the Crackle series The Art of More . ", "The X Factor is a British reality television music competition to find new singing talent . The contestants are aspiring singers drawn from public auditions . Created by Simon Cowell , the show began in 2004 and has since aired annually from August/September until December . The show is produced by FremantleMedia 's Thames -LRB- previously Talkback Thames -RRB- and Cowell 's production company Syco TV . It is broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and simulcast on TV3 in Ireland . `` X Factor '' refers to the undefinable `` something '' that makes for star quality . The series consists of auditions , bootcamp , judges ' houses , several weeks of live shows , semi-finals and the final . The series had a spin-off behind-the-scenes show called The Xtra Factor , which aired directly after the main show on ITV2 . This lasted from series 1 until series 13 when it was cancelled by ITV in January 2017 . The original judging panel consisted of Louis Walsh , Sharon Osbourne and Cowell . In 2005 Paula Abdul joined the show as a guest judge whilst Osbourne was away then joined the panel in 2006 for three sets of auditions . Brian Friedman replaced Walsh in series 4 , which also saw Dannii Minogue join the panel . Friedman left during the auditions and Walsh replaced Friedman . Cheryl Cole replaced Osbourne in series 5 . Gary Barlow , Kelly Rowland and Tulisa joined the panel in series 8 as replacements for Cowell , Minogue , and Cole . Rowland left before series 9 and was replaced by Nicole Scherzinger . Osbourne returned to the panel in series 10 , replacing Tulisa . Cowell and Cole -LRB- now Fernandez-Versini -RRB- returned to replace Barlow and Osbourne in series 11 , while Mel B replaced Scherzinger . In series 12 , Mel B and Walsh were replaced by Rita Ora and Nick Grimshaw . In series 13 , Walsh , Osbourne and Scherzinger returned , replacing Grimshaw , Fernandez-Versini and Ora . The first three series were presented by Kate Thornton , then from the fourth to 11th series , the show was presented by Dermot O'Leary , he then returned from the 13th series . In series 12 , the show was presented by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs . Also , in series 10 , Flack served as a backstage presenter during the Saturday night live shows . Roman Kemp will begin serving as the digital presenter of the show in series 13 . The show is split into different stages , following the contestants from auditions through to the final . In the original televised audition stage of the show , contestants sang in an audition room in front of just the judges , but from the sixth series onwards , auditionees sing on a stage in front of the judges and a live audience . In series 10 and 11 , both auditions formats were used . In series 12 , the room auditions were scrapped , leaving just the arena auditions . The room auditions were revived in series 13 , and no arena auditions followed . Successful auditionees go through to `` bootcamp '' and then to `` judges ' houses '' , where judges narrow down the acts in their category down to three or four acts to mentor for the live shows , where the public vote for their favourite acts following weekly live performances by the contestants . There have been 13 winners of the show to date : Steve Brookstein , Shayne Ward , Leona Lewis , Leon Jackson , Alexandra Burke , Joe McElderry , Matt Cardle , Little Mix , James Arthur , Sam Bailey , Ben Haenow , Louisa Johnson and Matt Terry . Winners receive a recording contract with record label Syco Music with a stated value of # 1 million . This includes a cash payment to the winner , but the majority is allocated to marketing and recording costs . From 2004 to 2010 , and again in 2013 and 2014 , the winning contestant 's single was released in time for the end-of-year chart battle for the UK 's Christmas number one , with all of them -LRB- bar McElderry in 2009 and Terry in 2016 -RRB- reaching the top spot . As of November 2016 , 41 number-one singles have been achieved by artists who have appeared on the show , such as Lewis , Burke , JLS , Olly Murs , Cher Lloyd , One Direction and Little Mix . The show is the originator of the international The X Factor franchise . A prominent show in British popular culture , The X Factor has proved hugely popular with the public . The sixth series attracted 200,000 auditionees and peaked at 19.7 million UK viewers -LRB- a 63.2 % audience share -RRB- . More than 10 million votes were cast in the sixth series final . ", "Simon Jowett is a British author and scriptwriter . ", "Ashley Lambie Cowie -LRB- born 1973 -RRB- is a Scottish historian , author , photographer , television presenter and producer . He grew up in the Caithness town of Wick , in the north of Scotland , and attended Wick High School . He then moved to Glasgow to study photography and audio visual communications . After returning north and establishing a number of businesses , including a fishmongers business for ten years in Wick and Thurso , Cowie began exploring his interest in archaeology and cryptography . He has been commissioned to investigate and decode several ancient carved symbols for historical and research societies , including a group of Scottish Knights Templar . The author of The Rosslyn Matrix -LRB- 2007 -RRB- he also lectures on The International Science Festival circuit and was featured on the Discovery Channel in April 2008 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Vic_Mensa", "Cuban_general_election,_1920", "Paul_L._Cejas", "Juan_Figueroa", "Senén_Casas_Regueiro" ]

[ "Victor Kwesi Mensah -LRB- born June 6 , 1993 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Vic Mensa , is a Grammy-nominated American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . He is currently signed to Roc Nation and was a member of the group Kids These Days , which broke up in May 2013 . He released his first solo mixtape Innanetape . Mensa is also founder of the hip-hop collective Savemoney which includes frequent collaborator Chance the Rapper . His debut single `` Down on My Luck '' was released in June 2014 by Virgin EMI . ", "General elections were held in Cuba on 1 November 1920 . Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso won the presidential election , whilst the National League -LRB- an alliance of the National Conservative Party and the Cuban Popular Party -RRB- emerged as the largest faction in the House of Representatives , winning 31 of the 59 seats . ", "Paul L. Cejas -LRB- born 1943 -RRB- is a native of Cuba who arrived in Miami , Florida in 1960 , is chairman and chief executive officer of PLC Investments , Inc. , a wholly owned company that manages portfolio investments , and investments in real estate , health care and venture capital projects . He served as Ambassador to Belgium under U.S. President Bill Clinton . Cejas was founder , chairman and chief executive officer of CareFlorida Health Systems , Inc. , the country 's largest Hispanic-owned health care company , which merged with Foundation Health of California in 1994 . ", "Juan Figueroa is president of Universal Health Care Foundation of Connecticut and former president and general counsel of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund . In 2010 , he pursued the Democratic Party nomination for governor of Connecticut . ", "Major General Senén Casas Regueiro -LRB- 30 July 1934 in Bombí - 6 August 1996 -RRB- was a Cuban politician . He was the Cuban Minister of Transportation from 1989 till his death . He was also the First Deputy Minister of Defence and the Chief of Staff of the Cuban Army . He was a brother of another Cuban politician Julio Casas Regueiro . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Shannon_Lee", "List_of_works_by_Lee_Kelly", "Leung_Siu-lung", "Lee_Sang-yong", "Ang_Lee" ]

[ "Shannon Emery Lee -LRB- born April 19 , 1969 -RRB- is an American actress , martial artist and businesswoman . She is the daughter of martial arts film star Bruce Lee and Linda Lee Cadwell , the granddaughter of Cantonese opera singer Lee Hoi-Chuen , and the younger sister of Brandon Lee . ", "Lee Kelly is an American artist . ", "Leung Siu-lung , born in 1948 in Hong Kong , is an actor who has appeared in many Hong Kong martial arts movies . He often appeared billed as `` Bruce Leung '' , `` Bruce Liang '' , `` Bruce Leong '' , or `` Bruce Leung Siu-lung '' , and is thus generally grouped among the Bruce Lee clones that sprang up after Lee 's death in the subgenre known as Bruceploitation . Leung learned martial arts from his father at the Cantonese opera . His major style is Goju ryu Karate , he also is a Wing Chun practitioner . Throughout the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared in a large number of martial arts films . Most familiar to Western audiences may be Jim Kelly 's The Tattoo Connection -LRB- in which he only appeared briefly , but choreographed the action sequences -RRB- and Jackie Chan 's Magnificent Bodyguards , which was the first Hong Kong film shot in 3D . He is also known for playing Bruce Lee in the notorious Bruceploitation classic , The Dragon Lives Again . In addition , Leung appeared in his own star vehicles , including My Kung-Fu 12 Kicks , Kung Fu : The Invisible Fist , and Black Belt Karate . Leung retired from acting after 1988 's Ghost Hospital . However , in 2004 , he made a return to the screen as The Beast in Stephen Chow 's Kung Fu Hustle -LRB- which , incidentally , was his first villainous role -RRB- . In 2007 he appeared as himself in the Italy 's documentary Dragonland directed by Lorenzo De Luca . The interview was made by night on the set of Shamo . ", "Lee Sang-Yong -LRB- born 9 January 1986 -RRB- is a South Korean football player who is currently a free agent . He has played for Chunnam Dragons in the K-League . ", "Ang Lee OBS -LRB- ; born October 23 , 1954 -RRB- is a Taiwanese film director , screenwriter and producer . Lee 's earlier films , such as The Wedding Banquet , Pushing Hands , and Eat Drink Man Woman explored the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity , Eastern and Western . Lee also deals with repressed , hidden emotions in many of his films , including Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon ; The Ice Storm ; Hulk ; and Brokeback Mountain . Lee 's work is known for its emotional charge , which critics believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers and achieving international recognition . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Cyclades", "Naxos", "Cyclargus", "Paddys_Island", "Cystoidea" ]

[ "The Cyclades -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪklədiːz -RSB- Κυκλάδες , -LSB- cikˈlaðes -RSB- -RRB- are an island group in the Aegean Sea , southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece . They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago . The name refers to the islands around the sacred island of Delos . The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos . ", "Naxos -LRB- -LSB- ˈnæksɒs -RSB- Greek : Νάξος , -LSB- ˈnaksos -RSB- -RRB- is a Greek island -- at 429 km2 the largest of the Cyclades island group in the Aegean . It was the centre of archaic Cycladic culture . The island is famous as a source of emery , a rock rich in corundum , which until modern time was one of the best abrasives available . The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City , with 6,533 inhabitants -LRB- 2001 census -RRB- . The main villages are Filoti , Apiranthos , Vivlos , Agios Arsenios , Koronos and Glinado . ", "Cyclargus is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae . It was split off from the genus Hemiargus in 1948 by Vladimir Nabokov , although many lepidopterists have not accepted the new genus as valid . Nabokov designated C. ammon -LRB- Lucas 's blue , from Cuba -RRB- as the type species for the genus , and included C. dominica -LRB- Jamaican blue , from Jamaica -RRB- , C. thomasi -LRB- Thomas 's blue , from Florida , the Bahamas , Puerto Rico and Hispaniola -RRB- , C. woodruffi -LRB- from the Virgin Islands -RRB- and C. erembis -LRB- from the Cayman Islands , synonym of C. ammon erembis -RRB- . In 1992 K. Johnston and Matusik described C. sorpresus and C. kathleena , both from Hispaniola . The critically endangered Miami blue -LRB- C. thomasi bethunebakeri -RRB- is a member of the genus . C. a. erembis was described originally as a full species , as opinion is at present divided as to whether or not this might be its status . ", "The Paddys Island , part of the Waterhouse Island Group , is a 4.6 ha uninhabited granite island situated in the Tasman Sea , lying close to the north-eastern coast of Tasmania , Australia . Other islands in the Waterhouse Group include Ninth , Tenth , Waterhouse , Little Waterhouse , Maclean , Baynes , Foster , Swan , Little Swan , Cygnet and St Helens islands and Bird Rock and George Rocks islets . ", "Cystoidea or cystoids , is a class of extinct echinoderms that lived attached to the sea floor by stalks . They existed during the Paleozoic Era , in the Middle Ordovician and Silurian Periods , until their extinction in the Devonian Period . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Weill_Cornell_Medicine", "Weill", "Focused_impedance_measurement", "Biomedical_Chromatography", "Cyclopædia_of_Practical_Medicine" ]

[ "Weill Cornell Medicine -LSB- waɪl_kɔrˈnɛl -RSB- is the biomedical research unit and medical school of Cornell University , a private Ivy League university . The medical college is located at 1300 York Avenue , on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City , along with the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences . One of the most selective medical schools in the United States -LRB- based on analysis by U.S. News & World Report -RRB- , Cornell enrolls approximately 100 students per class . In 2015 , 6,183 persons applied , and 800 were interviewed for only 106 seats . The average undergraduate GPA and MCAT scores for successful applicants were 3.84 and 36 , respectively . The college is named after benefactor and former Citigroup chairman Sanford Weill . ", "Weill is an educational institution affiliated with Cornell University , named after Sanford I. Weill and may refer to : Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology , research institute located on Cornell University 's Ithaca , NY campus Weill Medical College of Cornell University , medical school located in New York City Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences , graduate college for biomedical sciences located in New York City Weill Medical College in Qatar , medical school located in Qatar ", "Focused Impedance Measurement -LRB- FIM -RRB- is a recent technique for quantifying the electrical resistance in tissues of the human body with improved zone localization compared to conventional methods . This method was proposed and developed by Department of Biomedical Physics and Technology of University of Dhaka under the supervision of Prof. Khondkar Siddique-e-Rabbani ; who first introduced the idea . FIM can be considered a bridge between Four Electrode Impedance Measurement -LRB- FEIM -RRB- and Electrical impedance Tomography -LRB- EIT -RRB- , and provides a middle ground in terms of simplicity and accuracy . Many biological parameters and processes can be detected and monitored through their effects on bioimpedance . Bioimpedance measurement can be performed with a few simple instruments and non-invasively . Measurement of electrical impedance to obtain physiological or diagnostic information has been of interest to researchers for many years . However , the human body is geometrically and conductively uneven , with variation between individuals and phases of normal body activity , and bioimpedance results from many factors , including ion concentrations , cell geometry , extra-cellular fluids , intra-cellular fluids , and organ geometry . This makes accurate analysis of results from a small number of electrodes difficult and unreliable . Identifying zones with specific impedances can provide greater certainty regarding the factors behind the impedance . Conventional Four Electrode or Tetra-polar Impedance Measurement -LRB- TPIM -RRB- is simple , but the zone of sensitivity is not well defined and may include organs other that those of interest , making interpretation difficult and unreliable . On the other hand , Electrical impedance tomography -LRB- EIT -RRB- offers reasonable resolution , but is complex and require many electrodes . By placing two FEIM systems perpendicular to each other over a common zone at the center and combining the results , it is possible to obtain enhanced sensitivity over this central zone . This is the basis of FIM , which may be useful for impedance measurements of large organs like stomach , heart , and lungs . Being much simpler in comparison to EIT , multifrequency systems can be simply built for FIM . FIM may be useful in other fields where impedance measurements are performed , like geology . ", "Biomedical Chromatography is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal , published since 1986 by John Wiley & Sons . It covers research on the applications of chromatography and allied techniques in the biological and medical sciences . The editor-in-chief is Michael Bartlett -LRB- University of Georgia -RRB- . ", "The Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine was a British monthly medical journal , first published in 1832 . It was divided into alphabetical articles , and came to four volumes , part-published and then completed by 1835 . The volumes were : Abd -- Ele -LRB- 1832 -RRB- ; Eme -- Isc -LRB- 1833 -RRB- ; Jau -- Sma -LRB- 1834 -RRB- ; Sof -- Yaw -LRB- 1835 -RRB- . It was announced with the co-operation of a large number of practising physicians , and with the intention of producing an adapted American edition by Carey & Lea . The editors were John Conolly , John Forbes , and Alexander Tweedie ; historical notes were added , by John Bostock and William Pulteney Alison . A later American edition was edited by Robley Dunglison . Contributors to the first edition included James Lomax Bardsley , Joseph Brown , Thomas Harrison Burder , Harry William Carter , John Cheyne , James Clark , Charles Locock , James Cowles Prichard , Peter Mark Roget , and Charles James Blasius Williams . The rival Dictionary of Practical Medicine was a project of James Copland , launched by part-publishing in 1832 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Danish_language", "Scandinavia", "National_Library_of_Sweden", "Møller", "Hallingmål-Valdris" ]

[ "Danish -LSB- ˈdeɪnᵻʃ -RSB- -LRB- dansk -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ -RSB- ; dansk sprog , -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ ˈsb̥ʁɔʊ̯ˀ -RSB- -RRB- is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people , principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany , where it has minority language status . There are also minor Danish-speaking communities in Norway , Sweden , Spain , the United States , Canada , Brazil and Argentina . Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas , around 15 -- 20 % of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language . Along with the other North Germanic languages , Danish is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples that lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era . Danish , together with Swedish , derives from the East Norse dialect group , while the Middle Norwegian language before the influence of Danish and Norwegian Bokmål are classified as West Norse along with Faroese and Icelandic . A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish , Norwegian and Swedish as Mainland Scandinavian while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as Insular Scandinavian . Until the 16th century , Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions . With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing , a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect . It spread through use in the education system and administration though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century . Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden , a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity , and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries . Today , traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared , though there are regional variants of the standard language . The main differences in language are between generations , with youth language being particularly innovative . Danish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels , and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon stød , a kind of laryngeal phonation type . Due to the many pronunciation differences that set apart Danish from its neighboring languages , particularly the vowels , difficult prosody and `` weakly '' pronounced consonants , it is sometimes considered to be a difficult language to learn and understand , and there is some evidence that small children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish . The grammar is moderately inflective with strong -LRB- irregular -RRB- and weak -LRB- regular -RRB- conjugations and inflections . Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender . As in English , Danish only has remnants of a former case system , particularly in the pronouns , and it has lost all person marking on verbs . Its syntax is V2 , with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence . ", "Scandinavia -LSB- ˌskændɪˈneɪviə -RSB- is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages . The term Scandinavia always includes the three kingdoms of Denmark , Norway , and Sweden . The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia , nor is Greenland , an overseas territory of Denmark . However , the Faroe Islands , also a Danish overseas territory , are sometimes included , as sometimes are Iceland , Finland , and the Finnish autonomous region of the Åland Islands , because of their historical association with the Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian peoples and languages . This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic countries . In Nordic languages , only Denmark , Norway and Sweden are commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia . In English usage , Scandinavia sometimes refers to the geographical area , also known as the Scandinavian Peninsula . The name Scandinavia originally referred vaguely to the formerly Danish , now Swedish , region Scania . The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the late 18th century as terms for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , their Germanic majority peoples and associated language and culture , the term being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement . The majority of the population of Scandinavia are descended from several -LRB- North -RRB- Germanic tribes who originally inhabited the southern part of Scandinavia and spoke a Germanic language that evolved into Old Norse . Icelanders and the Faroese are to a significant extent descended from the Norse , and are therefore often seen as Scandinavian . Finland is mainly populated by Finns , with a minority of approximately 5 % of Swedish speakers . A small minority of Sami people live in the extreme north of Scandinavia . The Danish , Norwegian and Swedish languages form a dialect continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages -- all of which are considered mutually intelligible with one another . Faroese and Icelandic , sometimes referred to as insular Scandinavian languages , are intelligible in continental Scandinavian languages only to a limited extent . Finnish and Meänkieli are closely related to each other and more distantly to the Sami languages , but are entirely unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Apart from these , German , Yiddish and Romani are recognized minority languages in Scandinavia . The southern and by far most populous regions of Scandinavia have a temperate climate . Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle , but has relatively mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream . Much of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate . There are many lakes and moraines , legacies of the last glacial period , which ended about ten millennia ago . ", "The National Library of Sweden -LRB- Kungliga biblioteket , KB , meaning `` the Royal Library '' -RRB- is the national library of Sweden . As such it collects and preserves all domestic printed and audio-visual materials in Swedish , as well as content with Swedish association published abroad . Being a research library , it also has major collections of literature in other languages . ", "Møller -LSB- ˈmøˀlɐ -RSB- is a Danish surname , referring to an occupation as a Miller , equivalent of the Scottish/English Miller , the German Müller etc. . Møller is the twentieth commonest surname in Denmark . It is the most common non-patronymic surname . Danish immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicized the name to Miller , Moller , or Moeller . ", "Hallingmål-Valdris -LRB- also known by the individual names Halling , Hallingdøl , or Valdresmål -RRB- is a group of Norwegian dialects traditionally spoken in the traditional districts Hallingdal , Buskerud and Valdres , Oppland . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 1 ]

[ "Danish_language", "Scandinavia", "National_Library_of_Sweden", "Møller", "Hallingmål-Valdris" ]

[ "Danish -LSB- ˈdeɪnᵻʃ -RSB- -LRB- dansk -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ -RSB- ; dansk sprog , -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ ˈsb̥ʁɔʊ̯ˀ -RSB- -RRB- is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people , principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany , where it has minority language status . There are also minor Danish-speaking communities in Norway , Sweden , Spain , the United States , Canada , Brazil and Argentina . Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas , around 15 -- 20 % of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language . Along with the other North Germanic languages , Danish is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples that lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era . Danish , together with Swedish , derives from the East Norse dialect group , while the Middle Norwegian language before the influence of Danish and Norwegian Bokmål are classified as West Norse along with Faroese and Icelandic . A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish , Norwegian and Swedish as Mainland Scandinavian while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as Insular Scandinavian . Until the 16th century , Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions . With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing , a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect . It spread through use in the education system and administration though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century . Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden , a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity , and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries . Today , traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared , though there are regional variants of the standard language . The main differences in language are between generations , with youth language being particularly innovative . Danish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels , and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon stød , a kind of laryngeal phonation type . Due to the many pronunciation differences that set apart Danish from its neighboring languages , particularly the vowels , difficult prosody and `` weakly '' pronounced consonants , it is sometimes considered to be a difficult language to learn and understand , and there is some evidence that small children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish . The grammar is moderately inflective with strong -LRB- irregular -RRB- and weak -LRB- regular -RRB- conjugations and inflections . Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender . As in English , Danish only has remnants of a former case system , particularly in the pronouns , and it has lost all person marking on verbs . Its syntax is V2 , with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence . ", "Scandinavia -LSB- ˌskændɪˈneɪviə -RSB- is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages . The term Scandinavia always includes the three kingdoms of Denmark , Norway , and Sweden . The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia , nor is Greenland , an overseas territory of Denmark . However , the Faroe Islands , also a Danish overseas territory , are sometimes included , as sometimes are Iceland , Finland , and the Finnish autonomous region of the Åland Islands , because of their historical association with the Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian peoples and languages . This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic countries . In Nordic languages , only Denmark , Norway and Sweden are commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia . In English usage , Scandinavia sometimes refers to the geographical area , also known as the Scandinavian Peninsula . The name Scandinavia originally referred vaguely to the formerly Danish , now Swedish , region Scania . The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the late 18th century as terms for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , their Germanic majority peoples and associated language and culture , the term being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement . The majority of the population of Scandinavia are descended from several -LRB- North -RRB- Germanic tribes who originally inhabited the southern part of Scandinavia and spoke a Germanic language that evolved into Old Norse . Icelanders and the Faroese are to a significant extent descended from the Norse , and are therefore often seen as Scandinavian . Finland is mainly populated by Finns , with a minority of approximately 5 % of Swedish speakers . A small minority of Sami people live in the extreme north of Scandinavia . The Danish , Norwegian and Swedish languages form a dialect continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages -- all of which are considered mutually intelligible with one another . Faroese and Icelandic , sometimes referred to as insular Scandinavian languages , are intelligible in continental Scandinavian languages only to a limited extent . Finnish and Meänkieli are closely related to each other and more distantly to the Sami languages , but are entirely unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Apart from these , German , Yiddish and Romani are recognized minority languages in Scandinavia . The southern and by far most populous regions of Scandinavia have a temperate climate . Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle , but has relatively mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream . Much of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate . There are many lakes and moraines , legacies of the last glacial period , which ended about ten millennia ago . ", "The National Library of Sweden -LRB- Kungliga biblioteket , KB , meaning `` the Royal Library '' -RRB- is the national library of Sweden . As such it collects and preserves all domestic printed and audio-visual materials in Swedish , as well as content with Swedish association published abroad . Being a research library , it also has major collections of literature in other languages . ", "Møller -LSB- ˈmøˀlɐ -RSB- is a Danish surname , referring to an occupation as a Miller , equivalent of the Scottish/English Miller , the German Müller etc. . Møller is the twentieth commonest surname in Denmark . It is the most common non-patronymic surname . Danish immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicized the name to Miller , Moller , or Moeller . ", "Hallingmål-Valdris -LRB- also known by the individual names Halling , Hallingdøl , or Valdresmål -RRB- is a group of Norwegian dialects traditionally spoken in the traditional districts Hallingdal , Buskerud and Valdres , Oppland . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 1 ]

[ "Matt_Bomer", "Matt_Frackas", "Matt_Zone", "Tom_Matte", "Matt_Vander_Ende" ]

[ "Matthew Staton Bomer -LRB- born October 11 , 1977 -RRB- is an American actor . He made his television debut with Guiding Light in 2001 , and gained recognition with his recurring role in the NBC television series Chuck . He played the lead role of con-artist and thief Neal Caffrey in the USA Network series White Collar from 2009 to 2014 . Bomer won a Golden Globe Award and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his supporting role as Felix Turner , opposite Mark Ruffalo , in the HBO television film The Normal Heart -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Bomer made a guest appearance on the fourth season of FX 's horror anthology series American Horror Story . He was later upgraded to main cast during the fifth season . In film , Bomer has featured in supporting roles in the 2005 thriller Flightplan , the 2011 science fiction thriller In Time , the 2012 comedy-drama Magic Mike and its 2015 sequel , the 2014 supernatural-drama Winter 's Tale , and the 2016 neo-noir film The Nice Guys . On stage , Bomer has starred in the Dustin Lance Black play 8 on Broadway and at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre as Jeff Zarrillo , a plaintiff in the federal case that overturned California 's Proposition 8 . Bomer is married to the publicist Simon Halls with whom he has three children . ", "Matt Frackas -LRB- born 1961 -RRB- is an American photographer , director and producer based in Los Angeles , California . Frackas is best known as a pioneer of the amateur genre in the Adult industry . Matt founded Mattsmodels.com in 1999 and has since been recognized by the Adult Industry as a leader in his genre . Matt has made news by branching out in 2006 and forming Matt 's Model Network , signing a DVD distribution deal in 2007 with Vivid Entertainment Group , and by merging into a larger content network with Matt 's Money in 2008 . ", "Matt Zone is a Cleveland , Ohio city councilman . He is a member of the United States Democratic Party . Zone was born in Cleveland , Ohio to Michael and Mary Zone , who were both prominent members of Cleveland City Council , and represented the same west side ward now represented by their son . His older sister , Peggy Fisher , is the wife of former Ohio Lieutenant Governor Lee Fisher . His younger sister , Melissa , is an activist and urban planner in Florida . ", "Thomas Roland Matte -LRB- born June 14 , 1939 -RRB- , nicknamed the `` Garbage Can '' , is a former American football player who played quarterback in college and primarily running back in the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- in the 1960s and 1970s and earned a Super Bowl Ring . He attended Shaw High School in East Cleveland and is an Eagle Scout . Matte was an All-American back at Ohio State University . ", "Matt Vander Ende -LRB- born May 26 , 1969 -RRB- is an American drummer and percussionist from Oakland , California . A graduate from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music , he was the original drummer for the thrash metal band Defiance . Matt Vander Ende was also a member of the heavy metal band Lääz Rockit for a short period , recording one record titled Gack , has also worked with the Atlanta Symphony , Shelly Streeter and several other Bay Area bands . Now living in New York City , he is currently the drummer for the Broadway show Wicked , performing at the George Gershwin Theatre . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Tennessee", "Kentucky", "Miss_Tennessee_Teen_USA", "Piperton,_Tennessee", "South_Carolina" ]

[ "Tennessee -LRB- -LSB- tɛnᵻˈsiː -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- ᏔᎾᏏ , translit = Tanasi -RSB- -RRB- is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , and Arkansas and Missouri to the west . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's largest city , with a population of 660,388 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which has a population of 652,717 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined . Beginning during Reconstruction , it had competitive party politics , but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting . This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century . In the 20th century , Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy , aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and , in the early 1940s , the city of Oak Ridge . This city was established to house the Manhattan Project 's uranium enrichment facilities , helping to build the world 's first atomic bomb , which was used during World War II . Tennessee 's major industries include agriculture , manufacturing , and tourism . Poultry , soybeans , and cattle are the state 's primary agricultural products , and major manufacturing exports include chemicals , transportation equipment , and electrical equipment . The Great Smoky Mountains National Park , the nation 's most visited national park , is headquartered in the eastern part of the state , and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border . Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga ; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge ; Ripley 's Aquarium of the Smokies and Ober Gatlinburg in Gatlinburg ; the Parthenon , the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum , and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville ; the Jack Daniel 's Distillery in Lynchburg ; Elvis Presley 's Graceland residence and tomb , the Memphis Zoo , and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis ; and Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol . ", "Kentucky -LRB- -LSB- kənˈtʌki -RSB- , -RRB- , officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky , is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States . Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth -LRB- the others being Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Massachusetts -RRB- . Originally a part of Virginia , in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union . Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States . Kentucky is known as the `` Bluegrass State '' , a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil . One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky , which houses two of its major cities , Louisville and Lexington . It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources , including the world 's longest cave system , Mammoth Cave National Park , the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States , and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River . Kentucky is also known for horse racing , bourbon distilleries , coal , the historic site My Old Kentucky Home , automobile manufacturing , tobacco , bluegrass music , college basketball , and Kentucky Fried Chicken . ", "The Miss Tennessee Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state Tennessee in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Tennessee is among the most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . In the 1990s , they were placed first . They have the third -LRB- equal -RRB- highest number of semi-finalist -LRB- or better -RRB- placings and are one of only five states to have received more than three awards . Additionally , Tennessee is one of only three states -LRB- the other two being Oregon and Texas -RRB- to have won the Miss Teen USA title more than once . Five Tennessee teens have gone on to win the Miss Tennessee USA title and compete at Miss USA , including Lynnette Cole , who won the Miss USA title in 2000 and Rachel Smith , Miss USA 2007 . Both Cole and Smith won Miss Photogenic awards at Miss Teen USA , each five years prior to their Miss USA win . This makes Miss Tennessee Teen USA the only state and pageant to have two Miss USAs win the Miss Photogenic award at Miss Teen USA . The pageant has been directed by former Miss Tennessee USA Kimberly Payne Greenwood since 1992 . ", "Piperton is a city in Fayette County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 1,445 at the 2010 census , up from 589 at the 2000 census . In 2007 USA Today cited the National Motorist Association when it listed Piperton as one of the worst cities for speeding tickets across the USA . ", "South Carolina -LSB- saʊθ_kærəˈlaɪnə -RSB- is a state in the southeastern region of the United States . The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina , to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River , and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean . South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution , doing so on May 23 , 1788 . South Carolina became the first state to vote to secede from the Union on December 20 , 1860 . After the American Civil War , it was readmitted into the United States on June 25 , 1868 . South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 23rd most populous U.S. state . Its GDP as of 2013 was $ 183.6 billion , with an annual growth rate of 3.13 % . South Carolina comprises 46 counties . The capital is Columbia with a 2013 population of 133,358 ; whilst its largest city is Charleston with a 2016 population of 134,385 . The Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin is the largest metropolitan area with a 2013 population of 850,965 . South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England , under whose reign the English colony was first formed , with Carolus being Latin for `` Charles '' . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Boxing_Helena", "Karate_at_the_2015_Pan_American_Games_–_Women's_68_kg", "Lyndsay_Belisle", "2015_Deauville_American_Film_Festival", "2013_Cannes_Film_Festival" ]

[ "Boxing Helena is a 1993 American romantic mystery thriller film with horror elements directed by Jennifer Lynch , and starring Sherilyn Fenn , Julian Sands , and Bill Paxton . The plot follows a surgeon whose growing obsession with a woman leads him to amputate her limbs and hold her captive in his home after she suffers a car accident . The film garnered notoriety prior to its release after protracted legal battles with Madonna and Kim Basinger , both of whom backed out of the leading role of Helena . It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1993 , where it received critical praise . After receiving an NC-17 rating by the MPAA , the film was given an R-rating on appeal and released in the United States in September 1993 , but received critical backlash and was a financial failure . ", "The women 's 68 kg competition of the karate events at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto , Canada , was held on July 25 at the Mississauga Sports Centre . ", "Lyndsay Belisle -LRB- born October 1 , 1977 in Hazelton , British Columbia -RRB- is a retired amateur Canadian freestyle wrestler , who competed in the women 's flyweight category . Considering one of the world 's top female freestyle wrestlers in her decade , Belisle has claimed two silver medals each in the 48 and 51-kg division at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic , and at the 2006 World Wrestling Championships in Guangzhou , China , and seized an opportunity to compete for Canada at the 2004 Summer Olympics . Throughout her sporting career , Belisle trained full-time for the Burnaby Mountain Wrestling Club in Burnaby , British Columbia under her personal coach Mike Jones . Belisle made sporting headlines at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic , where she captured a silver medal in the women 's 48-kg division , losing to U.S. wrestler Patricia Miranda by a powerful pin . When women 's wrestling made its debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Belisle qualified for the Canadian squad in the inaugural 48 kg class . Earlier in the process , she outclassed Mongolia 's Tsogtbazaryn Enkhjargal to snatch both the trophy and ticket from the Olympic Qualification Tournament in Madrid , Spain . She lost two straight matches each to Japan 's Chiharu Icho on technical superiority , and Germany 's Brigitte Wagner by a formidable 4 -- 3 verdict , leaving her on the bottom of the prelim pool and placing eleventh in the final standings . At the 2006 World Wrestling Championships in Guangzhou , China , Belisle grappled her way at three kilograms heavier to pick up a silver medal in the final match against Japan 's Hitomi Sakamoto in the 51-kg division . ", "The 41st Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from September 4 to 13 , 2015 . Baltasar Kormákur 's biographical disaster film Everest served as the opening night film . Sicario by Denis Villeneuve was the closing night film of the festival . The Grand Prix was awarded to 99 Homes by Ramin Bahrani . Complete lineup for the festival was announced on August 24 , 2015 . Total of 36 feature films were screened at the festival , 14 of which were in competition . In Television section , three episodes of Michael Connelly and Eric Overmyer 's crime TV-series Bosch were screened . The festival paid tribute to Orson Welles , Terrence Malick , Ian Mckellen , Patricia Clarkson , Keanu Reeves , Michael Bay , Lawrence Bender and Orlando Bloom and hosted retrospective of their films . Robert Pattinson and Elizabeth Olsen received Le Nouvel Hollywood -LRB- Hollywood Rising Star -RRB- awards . ", "The 66th annual Cannes Film Festival took place in Cannes , France , from 15 to 26 May 2013 . Steven Spielberg was the head of the jury for the main competition . New Zealand film director Jane Campion was the head of the jury for the Cinéfondation and Short Film sections . French actress Audrey Tautou hosted the opening and closing ceremonies . Actress Kim Novak was named guest of honour and introduced a new restored version of Alfred Hitchcock 's Vertigo . The festival opened with The Great Gatsby , directed by Baz Luhrmann and closed with Zulu , directed by Jérôme Salle . The film poster for the festival featured Paul Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward . The Bling Ring , directed by Sofia Coppola , opened the Un Certain Regard section . The French film Blue Is the Warmest Colour won the Palme d'Or . In an unprecedented move , along with the director , the Jury decided to take `` the exceptional step '' of awarding the film 's two main actresses , Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux , with the Palme d'Or . On the occasion of 100 Years of Indian Cinema , India was the Official Guest Country at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival . Seven Indian feature films were premiered among various sections on the festival . Actress Vidya Balan was one of the official Jury of the festival . The first Incredible India Exhibition , a joint participation of the Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , Republic of India was inaugurated by Indian delegate Chiranjeevi . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "D-Company", "Dawood_Ibrahim", "Mohammed_Shamin_Uddin", "Lavdrim_Muhaxheri", "Bahr_Idriss_Abu_Garda" ]

[ "Dawood Company is a term coined by the media for the organized criminal group controlled by wanted terrorist and crime boss Dawood Ibrahim ", "Dawood Ibrahim -LRB- Marathi : दाऊद इब्राहीम कासकर , born Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar 26 December 1955 -RRB- , known as Dawood Bhai or simply Bhai is a gangster and terrorist originally from Dongri in Mumbai , India . The word `` Bhai '' means `` Big brother '' . In the lingo of the Mumbai underworld , the word `` Bhai '' is attributed to members of the underworld who hold considerable power . He heads the Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company founded in Mumbai . He is currently on the wanted list of Interpol for cheating , criminal conspiracy and running an organised crime syndicate . He was number three on the The World 's 10 Most Wanted . ", "Mohammed Shamin Uddin -LRB- born 22 November 1970 -RRB- of Stoke Newington , London , is one of the men charged with terrorist offences in connection to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot in the United Kingdom , and one of the nineteen whose accounts were frozen by the Bank of England . According to the Sunday Mirror he had been victim of a violent assault by a gang in the months preceding the arrests . ", "Lavdrim Muhaxheri -LRB- -LSB- muː haˌdzːˈe ri -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- born 1989 or ca. 1987 -RRB- , also known by the nom de guerre Abu Abdullah al Kosova , is a Kosovo Albanian Islamic State -LRB- IS -RRB- leader and recruiter of ethnic Albanian jihadi foreign fighters fighting in Syria and in Iraq . A former KFOR and NATO employee , he became an extremist and left for Syria in late 2012 . He has appeared in several propaganda videos , calling Albanians to join jihad , and has uploaded photographs of himself appearing to decapitate a man , as well as a video where he kills a captive with a rocket . On 24 September 2014 , the U.S. Department of State designated Muhaxheri as a global terrorist . ", "Bahr Idriss Abu Garda -LRB- born 1 January 1963 -RRB- is the leader of the United Resistance Front , a rebel group fighting against the Sudanese government in Darfur . He is a former commander of the Justice and Equality Movement . Abu Garda was summonsed to appear before the International Criminal Court for alleged war crimes relating to a 2007 attack in which twelve African Union peacekeepers were killed . He is the first person ever to appear voluntarily before the ICC , and the first person to appear before the court in connection with the war in Darfur . He denies the allegations against him and says `` I am looking forward to clear my name from this case because I am sure ... that absolutely I am not guilty '' . The hearing to confirm the charges against him was held from 19 -- 29 October 2009 , ending in a decision by the judges not to confirm the charges " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Rwanda", "Ubuhake", "Economy_of_Réunion", "Tourism_in_Rwanda", "1969_in_Rwanda" ]

[ "Rwanda -LRB- -LSB- ɹuːˈɑːndə -RSB- or -LSB- ɹuːˈændə -RSB- ; U Rwanda -LSB- u.ɾɡwanda -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Rwanda -LRB- Repubulika y' u Rwanda République du Rwanda -RRB- , is a sovereign state in Central and East Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland . Located a few degrees south of the Equator , Rwanda is bordered by Uganda , Tanzania , Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Rwanda is in the African Great Lakes region and is highly elevated ; its geography is dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the east , with numerous lakes throughout the country . The climate is temperate to subtropical , with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year . The population is young and predominantly rural , with a density among the highest in Africa . Rwandans are drawn from just one cultural and linguistic group , the Banyarwanda , although within this group there are three subgroups : the Hutu , Tutsi and Twa . The Twa are a forest-dwelling pygmy people descended from Rwanda 's earliest inhabitants . Scholars disagree on the origins of and differences between the Hutu and Tutsi ; some believe differences are derived from former social castes within a single people , while others believe the Hutu and Tutsi arrived in the country separately , and from different locations . Christianity is the largest religion in the country ; the principal language is Kinyarwanda , spoken by most Rwandans , with English and French serving as official languages . Rwanda has a presidential system of government . The president is Paul Kagame of the Rwandan Patriotic Front -LRB- RPF -RRB- , who took office in 2000 . Rwanda today has low corruption compared with neighbouring countries , although human rights organisations report suppression of opposition groups , intimidation and restrictions on freedom of speech . The country has been governed by an ordered administrative hierarchy since pre-colonial times ; there are five provinces delineated by borders drawn in 2006 . Rwanda is one of only two countries with a female majority in the national parliament . Hunter gatherers settled the territory in the stone and iron ages , followed later by Bantu peoples . The population coalesced first into clans and then into kingdoms . The Kingdom of Rwanda dominated from the mid-18th century , with the Tutsi kings conquering others militarily , centralising power and later enacting anti-Hutu policies . Germany colonised Rwanda in 1884 as part of German East Africa , followed by Belgium , which invaded in 1916 during the First World War . Both European nations ruled through the kings and perpetuated a pro-Tutsi policy . The Hutu population revolted in 1959 . They massacred numerous Tutsi and ultimately established an independent , Hutu-dominated state in 1962 . The Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front launched a civil war in 1990 . Social tensions erupted in the 1994 genocide , in which Hutu extremists killed an estimated 500,000 to 1.3 million Tutsi and moderate Hutu . The RPF ended the genocide with a military victory . Rwanda 's economy suffered heavily during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide , but has since strengthened . The economy is based mostly on subsistence agriculture . Coffee and tea are the major cash crops for export . Tourism is a fast-growing sector and is now the country 's leading foreign exchange earner . Rwanda is one of only two countries in which mountain gorillas can be visited safely , and visitors pay for gorilla tracking permits . Music and dance are an integral part of Rwandan culture , particularly drums and the highly choreographed intore dance . Traditional arts and crafts are produced throughout the country . ", "Ubuhake is the name given to the social order in Rwanda and Burundi from approximately the 15th century to 1958 . It has been frequently compared to European feudalism . Based on cattle distribution , it was , however , a much smaller system than the one of uburetwa , which affected a much larger segment of the population and was based on land distribution . The Tutsi monarchy used the land distribution system of uburetwa to centralise control of the lands in most of Rwanda in a system called igikingi . Only the northwest of Rwanda , where Hutu land owners refused to submit , were not part of igikingi . The two dominant ethnic groups in both Rwanda and Burundi are the Tutsis and Hutus . One of the chief historical distinctions between them was that Tutsis were primarily cattle-raisers while Hutus were farmers . Initially , the ubuhake contract stipulated that Hutus were entitled to use Tutsis cattle in exchange for service , be it personal or military . Similarly , land that had come under Tutsi control could be used in a similar way in the uburetwa system . It gradually evolved to a class system in which land , cattle , and power were consolidated in the Tutsi group , and Hutus became indentured servants to Tutsi lords , who granted them protection , cattle , and the use of land in exchange for service and farm produce . Intermarriage between Hutu women and Tutsi men was strictly forbidden , although Hutu men often married Tutsi women . At the summit of this feudal pyramid was the mwami , or Tutsi king , who was regarded as being of divine ancestry . The ubuhake and uburetwa systems were condoned by the European colonialists of Rwanda and Burundi , Germany and later Belgium , who supported the Tutsi aristocracy in order to maintain control . However , the colonialists demanded that the labor also be done for the benefit of the colonial administration , instead of just for the Tutsi aristocracy . The continued promotion of a single ethnic group became politically difficult for Belgium in the postwar period , however . Many European powers were granting independence to their colonies , and Belgium moved to phase out the ubuhake and uburetwa systems in Rwanda by 1958 , having convinced the Mwami to give up the system in 1954 . Increasing pressure against the ubuhake and uburetwa systems from Hutu solidarity movements , particularly Grégoire Kayibanda 's Parmehutu party in Rwanda , ensured that the system was abolished entirely with the victory of Parmehutu in the Rwandan elections of 1961 . The ubuhake and uburetwa system , and its exploitation by both Tutsi Mwamis and by European colonial powers , is one source of antagonism between the Hutu and Tutsis . Many of the recent events in both countries can be traced to this historical tension , including the 1994 Rwandan Genocide . ", "The economy of Réunion has traditionally been based on agriculture . Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century , and in some years it accounts for 85 % of exports . The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment , which amounts to more than 40 % of the labour force . The gap in Réunion between the well-off and the poor is large and accounts for the persistent social tensions . The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrated the seriousness of socio-economic tensions . However , this gap has been closing in the last 15 years . In 2007 the GDP per capita of Réunion at nominal exchange rates , not at PPP , was $ 17,146 -LRB- US$ 23,501 -RRB- . However , while this is exceptionally high compared with its neighbours in Madagascar and the African continent , it is only 57 % of the 30,140 euros per capita GDP of metropolitan France in 2007 . The total GDP of the island was US$ 18.8 billion in 2007 . ", "Tourism in Rwanda is rapidly increasing since the genocide that took place in 1994 . In 2010 , 666,000 tourists visited the country . This resulted in tourism revenues of $ 200 million , an increase of 14 % over 2009 . ", "The following lists events that happened during 1969 in Rwanda . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Stanley_Park", "Stanley_-LRB-1999_film-RRB-", "Independence_Day_Derecho_of_1977", "The_Last_Play_at_Shea", "1946–47_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" ]

[ "Stanley Park is a 1001 acre public park that borders the downtown of Vancouver in British Columbia , Canada and is almost entirely surrounded by waters of Vancouver Harbour and English Bay . The park has a long history and was one of the first areas to be explored in the city . The land was originally used by indigenous peoples for thousands of years before British Columbia was colonized by the British during the 1858 Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . For many years after colonization , the future park with its abundant resources would also be home to nonaboriginal settlers . The land was later turned into Vancouver 's first park when the city incorporated in 1886 . It was named after Lord Stanley , 16th Earl of Derby , a British politician who had recently been appointed governor general . Unlike other large urban parks , Stanley Park is not the creation of a landscape architect , but rather the evolution of a forest and urban space over many years . Most of the manmade structures present in the park were built between 1911 and 1937 under the influence of then superintendent W.S. Rawlings . Additional attractions , such as a polar bear exhibit , aquarium , and miniature train , were added in the post-war period . Much of the park remains as densely forested as it was in the late 1800s , with about a half million trees , some of which stand as tall as 76 m and are up to hundreds of years old . Thousands of trees were lost -LRB- and many replanted -RRB- after three major windstorms that took place in the past 100 years , the last in 2006 . Significant effort was put into constructing the near-century-old Vancouver Seawall , which can draw thousands of residents and visitors to the park every day . The park also features forest trails , beaches , lakes , children 's play areas , and the Vancouver Aquarium , among many other attractions . On June 18 , 2014 , Stanley Park was named `` top park in the entire world '' by TripAdvisor . ", "Stanley is a 1999 award-winning stop motion animated short film written , directed and animated by Suzie Templeton . It was made at the Surrey Institute of Art & Design , University College , now the University for the Creative Arts in England . ", "The Independence Day Derecho of 1977 was a derecho , or long-lived windstorm associated with a fast-moving band of thunderstorms , that occurred in the northern Great Plains of the U.S. on July 4 , 1977 . It lasted around 15 1/2 hours . The derecho formed in Minnesota around 10 a.m. CDT on July 4 and became more intense around noon in the central part of the state . The derecho produced winds of 80-100 mph -LRB- 130 -- 160 km/h -RRB- in northern Wisconsin felling thousands of trees in the northern part of the state . ", "The Last Play at Shea is a 2010 documentary film written by Mark Monroe , directed by Paul Crowder , produced by Steve Cohen and Nigel Sinclair , in conjunction with Billy Joel 's Maritime Pictures and Spitfire Films . The film is centered on Billy Joel 's 2008 concerts of the same name that occurred at Shea Stadium . The shows were staged on July 16 and 18 , 2008 , before a combined 110,000 fans , and were the last performances ever to play the historic stadium before it was demolished . The film debuted at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26 , 2010 . The film was released on DVD on February 8 , 2011 . The CD and DVD from the show were released on March 8 , 2011 by Sony . The film premiered on August 21 , 2010 at Citi Field , Shea Stadium 's successor , in front of around 20,000 moviegoers . Earlier that day , Joel watched it himself and there was an announcement from him that he liked it and said `` I have n't puked from it , '' which was shown right before the film . ", "The 1946 -- 47 Toronto Maple Leafs season involved winning the Stanley Cup . During the season , Maple Leaf Gardens was the first arena in the NHL to have Plexiglas inserted in the end zones of the rink . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Selma_to_Montgomery_marches", "James_Karales", "Albert_J._Lingo", "1967_Philadelphia_Student_Demonstrations", "Battle_of_Missionary_Ridge" ]

[ "The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches , held in 1965 , along the 54-mile -LRB- 87 km -RRB- highway from Selma , Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery . The marches were organized by nonviolent activists to demonstrate the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote , in defiance of segregationist repression , and were part of a broader voting rights movement underway in Selma and throughout the American South . By highlighting racial injustice , they contributed to passage that year of the Voting Rights Act , a landmark federal achievement of the Civil Rights Movement . Southern state legislatures had passed and maintained a series of discriminatory requirements and practices that had disenfranchised most of the millions of African Americans across the South throughout the 20th century . The African-American group known as the Dallas County Voters League -LRB- DCVL -RRB- launched a voters registration campaign in Selma in 1963 . Joined by organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -LRB- SNCC -RRB- , they began working that year in a renewed effort to register black voters . Finding resistance by white officials to be intractable , even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal segregation , the DCVL invited Rev. Martin Luther King , Jr. and the activists of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference -LRB- SCLC -RRB- to join them . SCLC brought many prominent civil rights and civic leaders to Selma in January 1965 . Local and regional protests began , with 3,000 people arrested by the end of February . According to Joseph A. Califano Jr. , who served as head of domestic affairs for U.S. President Lyndon Johnson between the years 1965 and 1969 , the President viewed King as an essential partner in getting the Voting Rights Act enacted . Califano , whom the President also assigned to monitor the final march to Montgomery , noted that Johnson and King talked by telephone on January 15 to plan a strategy for drawing attention to the injustice of using literacy tests and other barriers to stop black Southerners from voting and that King later informed the President on February 9 of his decision to use Selma to achieve this objective . On February 26 , 1965 , activist and deacon Jimmie Lee Jackson died after being mortally shot several days earlier by a state trooper , James Bonard Fowler , during a peaceful march in nearby Marion , Alabama . To defuse and refocus the community 's outrage , SCLC Director of Direct Action James Bevel , who was directing SCLC 's Selma voting rights movement , called for a march of dramatic length , from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery . Bevel had been working on his Alabama Project for voting rights since late 1963 . The first march took place on March 7 , 1965 , organized locally by Bevel , Amelia Boynton , and others . State troopers and county possemen attacked the unarmed marchers with billy clubs and tear gas after they passed over the county line , and the event became known as Bloody Sunday . Law enforcement beat Boynton unconscious , and the media publicized worldwide a picture of her lying wounded on the Edmund Pettus Bridge . The second march took place March 10 . Troopers , police , and marchers confronted each other at the county end of the bridge , but when the troopers stepped aside to let them pass , King led the marchers back to the church . He was obeying a federal injunction while seeking protection from federal court for the march . That night , a white group beat and murdered civil rights activist James Reeb , a Unitarian Universalist minister from Boston , who had come to Selma to march with the second group . Many other clergy and sympathizers from across the country also gathered for the second march . The violence of the `` Bloody Sunday '' and of Reeb 's death led to a national outcry and some acts of civil disobedience , targeting both the Alabama and federal governments . The protesters demanded protection for the Selma marchers and a new federal voting rights law to enable African Americans to register and vote without harassment . President Lyndon Johnson , whose administration had been working on a voting rights law , held a historic , nationally televised joint session of Congress on March 15 to ask for the bill 's introduction and passage . With Governor Wallace refusing to protect the marchers , President Johnson committed to do so . The third march started March 21 . Protected by 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under federal command , and many FBI agents and Federal Marshals , the marchers averaged 10 miles -LRB- 16 km -RRB- a day along U.S. Route 80 , known in Alabama as the `` Jefferson Davis Highway '' . The marchers arrived in Montgomery on March 24 and at the Alabama State Capitol on March 25 . With thousands having joined the campaign , 25,000 people entered the capital city that day in support of voting rights . The route is memorialized as the `` Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail , '' and is designated as a U.S. National Historic Trail . ", "James H. Karales -LRB- July 15 , 1930 , Canton , Ohio -- April 1 , 2002 , Croton-on-Hudson , N.Y. -RRB- was a photographer and photo-essayist best known for his work with Look magazine from 1960 to 1971 . At Look he covered the Civil Rights Movement throughout its duration , taking many of the movements memorable photographs , including those of the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -LRB- SNCC -RRB- and of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his family . Karales 's single best known image is the iconic photograph of the Selma to Montgomery march showing people proudly marching along the highway under a cloudy turbulent sky . ", "Colonel Albert J. Lingo , also known as Al Lingo -LRB- January 22 , 1910 - August 19 , 1969 -RRB- was a career Alabama Highway Patrolman who served as Director of the Alabama Department of Public Safety from 1963 to 1965 , including the turbulent early 1960s years marked by marches and demonstrations that characterized the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. South . Lingo 's service under Alabama governor George Wallace with regard to the Selma to Montgomery marches has been characterized in a negative light , though Lingo himself disputed that characterization , stating that he was following orders from the governor as required by his oath of office and that he originally wanted to allow the marchers to continue their march . He resigned as director effective October 1 , 1965 , and later ran for election to be sheriff of Jefferson County , Alabama ; he died at age 59 on August 17 , 1969 . ", "The 1967 Philadelphia Student Demonstration was a student strike and subsequent police riot which took place on November 17 , 1967 . The demonstration was part of a larger trend of racial tension and unrest in the United States during the 1960s . ", "The Battle of Missionary Ridge was fought on November 25 , 1863 , as part of the Chattanooga Campaign of the American Civil War . Following the Union victory in the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 24 , Union forces in the Military Division of the Mississippi under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Missionary Ridge and defeated the Confederate Army of Tennessee , commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg , forcing it to retreat to Georgia . In the morning , elements of the Union Army of the Tennessee commanded by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman attempted to capture the northern end of Missionary Ridge , Tunnel Hill , but were stopped by fierce resistance from the Confederate divisions of Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne , William H.T. Walker , and Carter L. Stevenson . In the afternoon , Grant was concerned that Bragg was reinforcing his right flank at Sherman 's expense . He ordered the Army of the Cumberland , commanded by Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas , to move forward and seize the Confederate line of rifle pits on the valley floor , and stop there to await further orders . The Union soldiers moved forward and quickly pushed the Confederates from the first line of rifle pits but were then subjected to a punishing fire from the Confederate lines up the ridge . At this point , the Union soldiers continued the attack against the remaining lines , seeking refuge near the crest of the ridge -LRB- the top line of rifle pits were sited on the actual crest rather than the military crest of the ridge , leaving blind spots -RRB- . This second advance was taken up by the commanders on the spot , but also by some of the soldiers who , on their own , sought shelter from the fire further up the slope . The Union advance was disorganized but effective ; finally overwhelming and scattering what ought to have been , as General Grant himself believed , an impregnable Confederate line . In combination with an advance from the southern end of the ridge by divisions under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker , the Union Army routed Bragg 's army , which retreated to Dalton , Georgia , ending the siege of Union forces in Chattanooga , Tennessee . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Thunderstorm", "Rainband", "Eat_Lightning,_Shit_Thunder", "The_Mighty_Atom_-LRB-Thunderbirds-RRB-", "ThunderCats" ]

[ "A thunderstorm , also known as an electrical storm , lightning storm , or thundershower , is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth 's atmosphere , known as thunder . Thunderstorms occur in association with a type of cloud known as a cumulonimbus . They are usually accompanied by strong winds , heavy rain , and sometimes snow , sleet , hail , or , in contrast , no precipitation at all . Thunderstorms may line up in a series or become a rainband , known as a squall line . Strong or severe thunderstorms , known as supercells , rotate as do cyclones . While most thunderstorms move with the mean wind flow through the layer of the troposphere that they occupy , vertical wind shear sometimes causes a deviation in their course at a right angle to the wind shear direction . Thunderstorms result from the rapid upward movement of warm , moist air , sometimes along a front . As the warm , moist air moves upward , it cools , condenses , and forms a cumulonimbus cloud that can reach heights of over 20 km . As the rising air reaches its dew point temperature , water vapor condenses into water droplets or ice , reducing pressure locally within the thunderstorm cell . Any precipitation falls the long distance through the clouds towards the Earth 's surface . As the droplets fall , they collide with other droplets and become larger . The falling droplets create a downdraft as it pulls cold air with it , and this cold air spreads out at the Earth 's surface , occasionally causing strong winds that are commonly associated with thunderstorms . Thunderstorms can form and develop in any geographic location but most frequently within the mid-latitude , where warm , moist air from tropical latitudes collides with cooler air from polar latitudes . Thunderstorms are responsible for the development and formation of many severe weather phenomena . Thunderstorms , and the phenomena that occur along with them , pose great hazards . Damage that results from thunderstorms is mainly inflicted by downburst winds , large hailstones , and flash flooding caused by heavy precipitation . Stronger thunderstorm cells are capable of producing tornadoes and waterspouts . There are four types of thunderstorms : single-cell , multi-cell cluster , multi-cell lines , and supercells . Supercell thunderstorms are the strongest and the most associated with severe weather phenomena . Mesoscale convective systems formed by favorable vertical wind shear within the tropics and subtropics can be responsible for the development of hurricanes . Dry thunderstorms , with no precipitation , can cause the outbreak of wildfires from the heat generated from the cloud-to-ground lightning that accompanies them . Several means are used to study thunderstorms : weather radar , weather stations , and video photography . Past civilizations held various myths concerning thunderstorms and their development as late as the 18th century . Beyond the Earth 's atmosphere , thunderstorms have also been observed on the planets of Jupiter , Saturn , Neptune , and , probably , Venus . ", "A rainband is a cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall which is significantly elongated . Rainbands can be stratiform or convective , and are generated by differences in temperature . When noted on weather radar imagery , this precipitation elongation is referred to as banded structure . Rainbands within tropical cyclones are curved in orientation . Tropical cyclone rainbands contain showers and thunderstorms that , together with the eyewall and the eye , constitute a hurricane or tropical storm . The extent of rainbands around a tropical cyclone can help determine the cyclone 's intensity . Rainbands spawned near and ahead of cold fronts can be squall lines which are able to produce tornadoes . Rainbands associated with cold fronts can be warped by mountain barriers perpendicular to the front 's orientation due to the formation of a low-level barrier jet . Bands of thunderstorms can form with sea breeze and land breeze boundaries , if enough moisture is present . If sea breeze rainbands become active enough just ahead of a cold front , they can mask the location of the cold front itself . Banding within the comma head precipitation pattern of an extratropical cyclone can yield significant amounts of rain or snow . Behind extratropical cyclones , rainbands can form downwind of relative warm bodies of water such as the Great Lakes . If the atmosphere is cold enough , these rainbands can yield heavy snow . ", "Eat Lightning , Shit Thunder is the debut album by post-hardcore band An Albatross . It was released in 2001 on Enhanced CD -LRB- Bloodlink Records -RRB- and 12-inch vinyl -LRB- When Humans Attack -RRB- . The album 's sound is an odd mix of death metal , grindcore , circus music , jazz , 8-bit , Dance music , hardcore punk , and countless others into its extremely chaotic sound . It is considerably more heavy metal music influenced than the band 's later work , and is arguably the band 's most chaotic . ", "`` The Mighty Atom '' is the 14th episode of the first series of Thunderbirds , a British 1960s Supermarionation television series co-created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson . Written by Dennis Spooner and directed by David Lane , it was first broadcast on ATV Midlands on 30 December 1965 . In this episode , the Hood attacks nuclear-powered irrigation plants in Australia and the Sahara Desert , threatening devastating atomic fallout on two continents . ", "ThunderCats is an American/Japanese animated series based on a group of catlike humanoid aliens . The show was created by Tobin `` Ted '' Wolf and animated by Japanese animation studio Pacific Animation Corporation . The characters were originally featured in an animated television series named ThunderCats , running from 1985 to 1989 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Incredibles_2", "Ultimate_Marvel_vs._Capcom_3", "Katekyo_Hitman_Reborn!_Dream_Hyper_Battle!", "Celestial_Movies", "Pokémon_the_Movie-COLON-_Diancie_and_the_Cocoon_of_Destruction" ]

[ "The Incredibles 2 is an upcoming 2018 American 3D computer-animated superhero film , and is the sequel to The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . It is in production by Pixar Animation Studios , and will be released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is being written and directed by Brad Bird , the writer and director of the first film . The movie is scheduled to be released on June 15 , 2018 and will be given an IMAX release . ", "is a crossover fighting game developed by Capcom in collaboration with Eighting . It is an updated version of Marvel vs. Capcom 3 : Fate of Two Worlds . The game features characters from both Capcom 's video game franchises and comic book series published by Marvel Comics . The game was released in November 2011 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , and was featured as a launch title for the PlayStation Vita in 2012 . The game was later ported to PlayStation 4 in December 2016 , and Xbox One and Microsoft Windows in March 2017 . In Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 , players select a team of three characters to engage in combat and attempt to knock out their opponents . As an update , the game utilizes largely identical gameplay mechanics to the original . However , both the aerial combat and X-Factor systems , introduced in Fate of Two Worlds , have received adjustments . In addition to gameplay modifications and new playable characters , the game features several aesthetic changes . After the events of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami disrupted the development schedule for downloadable content for Fate of Two Worlds , the additional content was created into a standalone title , Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 , for a discounted retail price . The game received generally positive reviews upon release ; critics praised the expanded character roster and improved online experience , but criticized the lack of new features and game modes . A sequel , titled Marvel vs. Capcom : Infinite , is scheduled for release in 2017 . ", "Katekyō Hitman Reborn ! Dream Hyper Battle ! is an action/combat title for the Wii and PlayStation 2 based upon the manga `` Reborn ! '' . There are two versions of the game : the PlayStation 2 version , released earlier , covers the Kokuyo arc , while the Wii version covers through the Vongola Rings arc . There are no plans to release the game outside Japan at this time . ", "Celestial Movies and Celestial Movies HD is a 24-hour Cantonese and Mandarin movie channel . The channel also screens films from Japan and Korea , and shows interviews with movie stars and directors , entertainment news and film award ceremonies . Available in 11 territories across Asia Pacific , including Mainland China , Hong Kong , Malaysia , Singapore , Indonesia , Thailand , Sri Lanka and other Asian countries . ", "is a 2014 Japanese anime film directed by Kunihiko Yuyama . It is the 17th Pokémon anime movie and the first movie in the XY Series . The movie was released in Japanese theaters on July 19 , 2014 . The movie features the Jewel Pokémon , Diancie , alongside Xerneas , the Life Pokémon , and Yveltal , the Destruction Pokémon . It premiered in Australia and in New Zealand in theaters on November 8 , 2014 . The movie aired on Cartoon Network in the United States on November 8 , 2014 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray in Japan on December 17 , 2014 . It was also released on DVD format in the United States on February 17 , 2015 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Yves_Saint_Laurent_-LRB-brand-RRB-", "Paule_Ka", "Yves_Peintures", "Yves-Marie_Adeline", "Sanyo_Shokai_New_York" ]

[ "Yves Saint Laurent YSL -LRB- -LSB- iv sɜ̃n lɔ.ʁɑ̃ -RSB- ; also known as Saint Laurent Paris -RRB- is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner , Pierre Bergé . Saint Laurent Paris revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under creative director Hedi Slimane . The new collection , `` Yves Saint Laurent Couture '' or `` Saint Laurent Paris 24 , Rue de L'Université '' is the French house 's first couture collection ever since the retirement of its legendary founder in 2002 . Founded in 1961 it has been considered one of the world 's most prominent fashion houses and known for its modern and iconic pieces , such as its tuxedo jackets for women . Today Saint Laurent Paris markets a broad range of women 's and men 's ready-to-wear products , leather goods , shoes , and jewellery . Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a notable presence in the luxury beauty market , although this is run independently through L'Oreal Paris that licenses the name . Its current creative director is Anthony Vaccarello . ", "PAULE KA is a French ready-to-wear brand , created in 1987 by Serge Cajfinger . Born in Lille in 1955 , Serge Cajfinger spent his childhood in Brazil ; he returned to France in 1968 . In 1974 , he opened a multi-brand store in Lille known as PAULE KA . Serge Cajfinger later left Lille for Paris to set up a designer label under the same name , opening the first ever PAULE KA store in 1987 in the heart of Paris ' Marais district . Inspired by the grace and elegance of 50 's and 60 's style icons including Jackie Onassis Kennedy , Audrey Hepburn and Princess Grace Kelly , he sought to bring a modern twist to their timeless elegance . The brand 's style is geometric and sober , sophisticated yet urban , with some lasting characteristics such as black dresses , must-have bags and the use of bows . In 2007 , State-owned fund Caisse des dépôts et consignations invested in PAULE KA . The fashion house set up its headquarters on the rue Saint Honoré in Paris and opened a store in Cannes . 2011 saw the arrival of Change Capital Partners , who were also to invest in PAULE KA , enabling the brand to set itself new growth objectives . International development ensued 2012 with the opening of stores in China and across Europe as well as a showroom in New York . Fashion personalities such as Kate Middleton , Amal Clooney , Jessica Chastain and Anne Hathaway wear PAULE KA . ", "Yves Peintures -LRB- Eng : Yves Paintings -RRB- is an artist 's book by the French artist Yves Klein , originally published in Madrid , 18 November 1954 . This publication was Klein 's first public gesture as an artist , featuring pages of ` commercially printed papers ' that were seemingly reproductions of paintings that , in fact , did n't exist . Using a practice started by Marcel Duchamp , this use of readymade objects to represent nothing but themselves has been referred to as an early example of Postmodernism , using a series of carefully executed strategies to undermine its own authority , and as a precursor to conceptual art . ` The simplicity of his readymades is at once sublime and mischievous . ' `` The booklet asserts its character straightaway in the preface : a wordless text of unbroken horizontal lines with the same two paragraph indentations on each page ... . a homogenous continuum with no real beginning , middle , or end , and no content - at least insofar as there are no descriptions , analyses , or personalized utterances . The colour plates are similarly presented as anonymous entities , each a flat spatial field of an uninflected hue : turquoise , brown , purple , green , pink , gray , yellow , ultramarine , mint , orange , or red . Here , too , there is no attempt to represent or symbolize anything ... The booklet thus offers an utterly pared down presentation . Unlike most art books , it provides no reverential prose about the artist or the art , and no embellishing descriptions meant to convey meaning or context . Instead the booklet itself is made into a work of art that shares the same spirit of nothingness exemplified by the monochrome paintings that it features . '' Sidra Stich ", "Yves-Marie Adeline Soret de Boisbrunet -LRB- born March 24 , 1960 in Poitiers , France -RRB- better known as Yves-Marie Adeline , is a French Catholic writer . He also was the founder and leader of the French political party , Alliance Royale . ", "Sanyo Shokai New York , Inc. -LRB- Japanese : 三陽商会 -RRB- is a men 's outerwear company founded in New York City in 1981 by Nobuyuki Yoshihara . Its parent company , Sanyo Shokai Ltd. , dates back to 1943 . Its trademark rainwear is mostly sold in department stores stores such as Nordstrom , Barneys , Saks Fifth Avenue , Macy 's , Bloomingdale 's , Hudson 's Bay and men 's specialty retail stores . The company operates primarily in the United States and in Canada . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Alice_Hoffman", "Practical_Magic", "A_Fine_Magic", "The_Professor_of_Practical_Jokes", "The_Magician_of_Lublin_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Alice Hoffman -LRB- born March 16 , 1952 -RRB- is an American novelist and young-adult and children 's writer , best known for her 1995 novel Practical Magic , which was adapted for a 1998 film of the same name . Many of her works fall into the genre of magic realism and contain elements of magic , irony , and non-standard romances and relationships . ", "Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives . ", "`` A Fine Magic '' is a 2006 fantasy short story by Margo Lanagan . ", "`` The Professor of Practical Jokes '' is a literary fairy tale published in 1898 by British suffragist and author Evelyn Sharp -LRB- 1829 -- 1955 -RRB- . The story tells of a good yet boring king who is tricked into marrying one of his courtiers daughters , who brings excitement into his dull kingdom . The story is one of many published in Sharp 's collection , All The Way To Fairyland : Fairy Stories . ", "The Magician of Lublin is a 1979 drama film co-written and directed by Menahem Golan based on The Magician of Lublin by Isaac Bashevis Singer . The film 's title song was performed by Kate Bush . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Alice_Hoffman", "Practical_Magic", "A_Fine_Magic", "The_Professor_of_Practical_Jokes", "The_Magician_of_Lublin_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Alice Hoffman -LRB- born March 16 , 1952 -RRB- is an American novelist and young-adult and children 's writer , best known for her 1995 novel Practical Magic , which was adapted for a 1998 film of the same name . Many of her works fall into the genre of magic realism and contain elements of magic , irony , and non-standard romances and relationships . ", "Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives . ", "`` A Fine Magic '' is a 2006 fantasy short story by Margo Lanagan . ", "`` The Professor of Practical Jokes '' is a literary fairy tale published in 1898 by British suffragist and author Evelyn Sharp -LRB- 1829 -- 1955 -RRB- . The story tells of a good yet boring king who is tricked into marrying one of his courtiers daughters , who brings excitement into his dull kingdom . The story is one of many published in Sharp 's collection , All The Way To Fairyland : Fairy Stories . ", "The Magician of Lublin is a 1979 drama film co-written and directed by Menahem Golan based on The Magician of Lublin by Isaac Bashevis Singer . The film 's title song was performed by Kate Bush . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Tarafım", "Pakistan_Movement", "Pakistan", "Indian_Independence_Act_1947", "State_Bank_of_Pakistan" ]

[ "Tarafım -LRB- -LSB- tɑɾɑˈfɯm -RSB- ; My Motherland -RRB- is the national anthem of Gagauzia , an autonomous region of Moldova . It was composed by Mihail Kolţa in 1995 and the lyrics were originally written by Mina Kosä . It was officially adopted by the People 's Assembly of Gagauzia in 1999 . ", "The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -- -RRB- was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British Indian Empire . The movement progressed within India alongside the Indian independence movement , but the Pakistan Movement sought to establish a new nation-state that protected the religious identity and political interests of Muslims in South Asia . The first organised political movements were in Aligarh where another literary movement was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that built the genesis of the Pakistan movement . An educational convention held in 1906 with joint efforts of Syed Ahmad Khan and Vikar-ul-Haq , the Muslim reformers took the movement to the political stage in the form of establishing the mainstream and then newly formed All-India Muslim League -LRB- AIML -RRB- , with prominent moderate leaders seeking to protect the basic rights of Muslims in the British Raj . During the initial stages of the movement , it adopted the vision of philosopher Iqbal after addressing at the convention of the AIML 's annual session . Muhammad Ali Jinnah 's constitutional struggle further helped gaining public support for the movement in the four provinces . Urdu poets such as Iqbal and Faiz used literature , poetry and speech as a powerful tool for political awareness . Feminists such as Sheila Pant and Fatima Jinnah championed the emancipation of Pakistan 's women and their participation in national politics . The Pakistan Movement was led by a large and diversified group of people whose struggle ultimately resulted in the British Empire announcing the Indian Independence Act 1947 , which created the independent dominions of India and Pakistan . The Pakistan Movement was the result of a series of social , political , and intellectual transformations in Pakistani society , government , and ways of thinking . Efforts and struggles of the Founding Fathers resulted in the creation of the democratic and independent government . In the following years , another nationally -- minded subset went on to established a strong government , followed by the military intervention in 1958 . Grievousness and unbalanced economic distribution caused an upheaval which led East Pakistan to declare independence as the People 's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971 . After a strong concessions and consents reached in 1973 , the new Constitution established a relatively strong government , institutions , national courts , a legislature that represented both states in the Senate and population in the National Assembly . Pakistan 's phase shift to republicanism , and the gradually increasing democracy , caused an upheaval of traditional social hierarchy and gave birth to the ethic that has formed a core of political values in Pakistan . ", "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "The Indian Independence Act 1947 -LRB- 1947 c. 30 -LRB- 10 & 11 . Geo . 6 . -RRB- -RRB- is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan . The Act received the royal assent on 18 July 1947 , and Pakistan came into being on 15 August at the same time as Indian independence . However , due to viceroy Lord Mountbatten 's need to be in New Delhi for the transfer of power , Pakistan celebrated its formation a day ahead on 14 August 1947 to enable him to attend both events . The legislation was formulated by the government of Prime Minister Clement Attlee and the Governor General of India Lord Mountbatten , after representatives of the Indian National Congress , the Muslim League , and the Sikh community came to an agreement with the Viceroy of India , Lord Mountbatten of Burma , on what has come to be known as the 3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan . This plan was the last plan for independence . ", "The State Bank of Pakistan -LRB- SBP -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- is the central bank of Pakistan . While its constitution , as originally laid down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948 , remained basically unchanged until January 1 , 1974 , when the bank was nationalized , the scope of its functions was considerably enlarged . The State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956 , with subsequent amendments , forms the basis of its operations today . The headquarters are located in the financial capital of Pakistan , Karachi with branch offices in 15 cities across Pakistan , including the capital city , Islamabad and the four provincial capitals . " ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 0, 1 ]

[ "Vera_Wang", "Vera_Burt", "Vera_Biryukova", "Chantel_Wolfenden", "Fiona_Corke" ]

[ "Vera Ellen Wang -LRB- , -LSB- u̯ɑ̌ŋ u̯éɪ̯u̯éɪ̯ -RSB- ; born June 27 , 1949 -RRB- is an American fashion designer based in New York City . ", "Vera Burt -LRB- born 14 January 1927 -RRB- is a New Zealand former cricketer . She played in three Test matches between 1948 and 1969 . ", "Vera Leonidovna Biryukova -LRB- Вера Леонидовна Бирюкова born 11 April 1998 in Omsk , Omsk Oblast , Russia -RRB- is a Russian group rhythmic gymnast . She was member of the 2016 Olympics Group all-around champion . ", "Chantel Louise Wolfenden , OAM -LRB- born 15 January 1986 -RRB- is an Australian Paralympic swimmer . Born in the New South Wales town of Lithgow , she started to swim at the age of five as therapy for cerebral palsy . She underwent three operations to cut and lengthen her achilles tendon . She competed at the 2002 IPC Swimming World Championships in Mar Del Plata , Argentina winning a gold medal in the women 's 400m Freestyle S7 and two silver medals in the women 's 100m Backstroke and women 's 100m Freestyle S7 events . At the 2004 Athens Games , she won a gold medal in the Women 's 400 m Freestyle S7 event , for which she received a Medal of the Order of Australia , a silver medal in the Women 's 100 m Freestyle S7 event , and four bronze medals in the Women 's 100 m Backstroke S7 , Women 's 200 m Individual Medley SM7 , Women 's 4 × 100 m Freestyle 34 pts and Women 's 4 × 100 m Medley 34 pts events . She swam for the Fairmead Swim Club in Bundaberg , Queensland and was coached by Paul Simms . Between 2002 and 2006 , she was an Australian Institute of Sport paralympic swimming scholarship holder . She was also a Queensland Academy of Sport scholarship holder . ", "Fiona Corke -LRB- born 24 September 1961 in Melbourne -RRB- is an Australian actress best known for her role as Gail Robinson on the Australian soap opera Neighbours . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Pains", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film_series-RRB-", "Set_the_Thames_on_Fire" ]

[ "The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins . It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen , who lives in the future , post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America . The Capitol , a highly advanced metropolis , exercises political control over the rest of the nation . The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12 -- 18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death . The book received mostly positive responses from major reviewers and authors . It was praised for its plot and character development . In writing The Hunger Games , Collins drew upon Greek mythology , Roman gladiatorial games , and contemporary reality television for thematic content . The novel won many awards , including the California Young Reader Medal , and was named one of Publishers Weeklys `` Best Books of the Year '' in 2008 . The Hunger Games was first published in hardcover on September 14 , 2008 , by Scholastic , featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien . It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook . After an initial print of 200,000 , the book had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010 . Since its release , The Hunger Games has been translated into 26 languages , and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories . The novel is the first in The Hunger Games trilogy , followed by Catching Fire -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Mockingjay -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . A film adaptation , directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself , was released in 2012 . ", "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen -LRB- Lawrence -RRB- volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark -LRB- Hutcherson -RRB- , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy -LRB- Harrelson -RRB- . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day -LRB- $ 67.3 million -RRB- and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross -LRB- $ 152.5 million -RRB- was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress . ", "The Hunger Pains is a 2012 New York Times bestselling novel by The Harvard Lampoon and a parody of Suzanne Collins 's The Hunger Games . It was first published on February 7 , 2012 through Touchstone Books , and a cinematic book trailer was released in March of the same year . ", "The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on The Hunger Games trilogy of novels , by the American author Suzanne Collins . Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen , Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark , Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy , Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket , Philip Seymour Hoffman as Plutarch Heavensbee , Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman , Donald Sutherland as President Snow and Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne . Gary Ross directed the first film , while Francis Lawrence directed the next three films . The first three films set records at the box office . The Hunger Games -LRB- 2012 -RRB- set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire -LRB- 2013 -RRB- set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014 . The films , including The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , received a positive reception from critics , with praise aimed at its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of the main protagonist , Katniss Everdeen . The Hunger Games is the 16th highest-grossing film franchise of all time , having grossed over US$ 2.9 billion worldwide . ", "Set the Thames on Fire is a 2016 British science fiction fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Ben Charles Edwards in his directorial debut . Based on characters created by Edwards and Al Joshua . The film stars Michael Winder and Max Bennett , alongside an ensemble cast featuring Noel Fielding , Sadie Frost , Sally Phillips , David Hoyle , and Lily Loveless . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Louie_-LRB-season_1-RRB-", "Louie_Torrellas", "Sarah_Baker", "Kalinda_Sharma", "Family_Feud" ]

[ "The first season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on June 29 , 2010 and concluded on September 7 , 2010 . It consisted of thirteen episodes , each running approximately 23 minutes in length . FX broadcast the first season on Tuesdays at 11:00 pm in the United States . The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C.K. , Dave Becky and M. Blair Breard . The first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on June 21 , 2011 . Louie was created by Louis C.K. , who serves as the series ' sole writer and director . C.K. stars as a fictionalized version of himself , a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City . The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series , consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments -LRB- described as `` extended vignettes '' -RRB- that revolve around Louie 's life , punctuated by live stand-up performances . The season received critical acclaim . ", "Louie Joseph Torrellas '' ' -LRB- born July 19 , 1987 -RRB- is an American media personality , Emmy awarded actor , comedian , producer , writer , and entrepreneur . Notable films and video games featuring Louie include Jumper , Sponk , Blood and Bone , the popular Rockstar Games Bully , and The Warriors '' . His recent production , `` To Be Friends , '' was awarded the prize for best cinematography at the Boston Film Festival . ", "Sarah Baker is an American actress best known for roles in movies such as The Campaign and Mascots and TV shows like Louie and Go On . ", "Kalinda Sharma is a character from CBS television series The Good Wife , portrayed by Archie Panjabi for the first six seasons of the show 's run . For her performance , Panjabi received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations , winning in 2010 and received one Golden Globe nomination . ", "Family Feud is an American television game show created by Mark Goodson where two families compete to name the most popular responses to survey questions in order to win cash and prizes . It is considered a spin-off of Match Game , whose panel included original host Richard Dawson . The program premiered on ABC on July 12 , 1976 , and ran as part of its daytime schedule until June 14 , 1985 . The program was re-launched by CBS on July 4 , 1988 , and ran until September 10 , 1993 . Three separate editions for syndication were also produced . The first aired from September 19 , 1977 to September 6 , 1985 . The second aired from September 19 , 1988 to September 8 , 1995 . The current syndicated series premiered on September 20 , 1999 . The ABC network version of the show and the first syndicated series were hosted by Richard Dawson . Ray Combs hosted the CBS series and the first six seasons of the accompanying syndicated version , then was replaced by Dawson for the final season . The 1999 syndicated series has been hosted by Louie Anderson -LRB- 1999 -- 2002 -RRB- , Richard Karn -LRB- 2002 -- 06 -RRB- , John O'Hurley -LRB- 2006 -- 10 -RRB- , and Steve Harvey -LRB- 2010 -- present -RRB- . Announcers for the series have included Gene Wood -LRB- 1976 -- 85 , 1988 -- 95 -RRB- , Burton Richardson -LRB- 1999 -- 2010 -RRB- , Joey Fatone -LRB- 2010 -- 15 -RRB- , and Rubin Ervin -LRB- 2015 -- present -RRB- . The program has spawned multiple regional adaptations in over 50 international markets outside the United States . Within a year of its debut , the original version became the number one game show in daytime television ; however , as viewing habits changed , the ratings declined . Harvey 's takeover in 2010 increased Nielsen ratings significantly and eventually placed the program among the top five most popular syndicated television shows in the country . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Family Feud third in its list of the 60 greatest game shows of all time . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Blankenbach", "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany", "List_of_number-one_hits_of_1967_-LRB-Germany-RRB-", "Blank_Space", "Schengen_Area" ]

[ "Blankenbach is a community in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia -LRB- Unterfranken -RRB- in Bavaria , Germany , and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft -LRB- Administrative Community -RRB- of Schöllkrippen . ", "There are 41 official UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Germany , 38 cultural and 3 natural , with one additional previous site struck from the list . In addition , there are 17 German entries in the Memory of the World Programme . Germany ratified the World Heritage Convention on 23 August 1976 . ", "This is a list of the German Media Control Top100 Singles Chart number-ones of 1967 . ", "`` Blank Space '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift from her fifth studio album 1989 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . It was written by Swift , Max Martin and Shellback . The song was released to the radio by Republic Records on November 10 , 2014 as the album 's second single , after `` Shake It Off '' and is the second track on the album . Musically , `` Blank Space '' is an electropop song with lyrics that satirize the media 's perception of Swift and her relationships . `` Blank Space '' reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 following `` Shake It Off '' . Swift became the first woman in the Hot 100 's 56-year history to succeed herself at the top spot . A critical success , it has also been included in numerous year-end critics ' lists . The song has also topped charts in Canada , South Africa and Australia . It also charted in the top 10 in numerous countries , such as Austria , Czech Republic , Germany , New Zealand , Spain , and the United Kingdom . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and was shot over three days at Oheka Castle in Huntington , New York . The song received its first televised performance at the 2014 American Music Awards and as part of `` Taylor Swift 's 1989 Secret Session with iHeartRadio '' on October 27 , 2014 , in New York City . The song received nominations for the 58th Grammy Awards for Record of the Year , Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance . ", "The Schengen Area -LRB- -LSB- pronˈʃɛŋən -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʃɛŋgən -RSB- -RRB- is an area comprising 26 European states that have officially abolished passport and all other types of border control at their mutual borders . The area mostly functions as a single country for international travel purposes , with a common visa policy . The area is named after the Schengen Agreement . States in the Schengen Area have eliminated border controls with other Schengen members and strengthened border controls with non-Schengen countries . Twenty-two of the twenty-eight European Union -LRB- EU -RRB- member states participate in the Schengen Area . Of the six EU members that are not part of the Schengen Area , four -- Bulgaria , Croatia , Cyprus , and Romania -- are legally obliged to join the area , while the other two -- the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom -- maintain opt-outs . The four European Free Trade Association -LRB- EFTA -RRB- member states , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway , and Switzerland , are not members of the EU , but have signed agreements in association with the Schengen Agreement . Three European microstates -- Monaco , San Marino , and Vatican City -- can be considered de facto participants . The Schengen Area has a population of over 400 million people and an area of 4312099 km2 . As a result of the migration crisis ongoing as of early 2017 , Austria , Denmark , Germany , Norway and Sweden temporarily imposed controls on some or all of their borders with other Schengen states . Following the November 2015 Paris attacks and subsequent attacks in France , France declared a state of emergency , which has included measures to control borders with other Schengen states . These countries look to remove their temporary restrictions soon and reopen their borders to other Schengen states . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Ed_Decter", "Matthew_Earnest", "Marcus_Romer", "Peter_Souter", "Dan_Trachtenberg" ]

[ "Edward I. `` Ed '' Decter -LRB- born May 19 , 1959 -RRB- is an American film director , film producer and screenwriter . His credits include , There 's Something About Mary , The Santa Clause 3 , The Santa Clause 2 , The New Guy , The Lizzie McGuire Movie , and television series Boy Meets World , In Plain Sight , and Shadowhunters . He frequently collaborates with fellow producer and writer John J. Strauss . Decter graduated from Wesleyan University in 1979 . ", "Matthew Earnest -LRB- born June 30 , 1969 -RRB- is an American theater director . He has also written plays , as well as adapted plays from short stories and essays , and he has translated works in other languages for his direction . ", "Marcus Romer -LRB- born 1961 -RRB- is a British director . Romer wrote and directed the 2014 feature film The Knife That Killed Me . He was the Artistic Director of Pilot Theatre in York , England from 1993 - 2016 . He is now the Creative Director of his own company Artsbeacon Ltd. . Romer has played roles in several British television series . ", "Peter Souter -LRB- born 1962 -RRB- is the chairman and chief creative officer of TBWA London and former executive creative director of Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO . During his career as an advertising creative , Souter created a huge number of campaigns . Souter is also a writer , and has written plays for theatre and radio , including the screenplay for ITV 's television drama Married Single Other . ", "Dan Trachtenberg is an American filmmaker and podcast host . He directed the 2016 film 10 Cloverfield Lane . Trachtenberg was one of three hosts of The Totally Rad Show and a former co-host of Geekdrome . Both programs were hosted at Revision3 . Trachtenberg is also the director of the 2011 short film Portal : No Escape , an episode of Black Mirror entitled `` Playtest '' and the director of various television commercials and public service announcements . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Scream_2", "Kevin_Williamson_-LRB-screenwriter-RRB-", "Scream_-LRB-1996_film-RRB-", "Scream_-LRB-franchise-RRB-", "Dr._Horrible's_Sing-Along_Blog" ]

[ "Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson . It stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jamie Kennedy , Laurie Metcalf , Jerry O'Connell , Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber . The film was released on December 12 , 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series . Scream 2 takes place one year after Scream and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , now a student at the fictional Windsor College , who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface . Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks -LRB- Kennedy -RRB- , retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley -LRB- Arquette -RRB- and news reporter Gale Weathers -LRB- Cox -RRB- . Like its predecessor , Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels . The film was followed by two sequels , Scream 3 -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Scream 4 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script , hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise . Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film 's financial and critical success , Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters , with the principal cast all returning to star , Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music . The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet , revealing the identity of the killers . Combined with the film 's rushed schedule , the script was rewritten often ; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming . Despite these issues , Scream 2 earned $ 172 million , received several awards and nominations . The film also received positive reviews , with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality . Beltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer . Elfman 's contribution had been specially written for the film , but Zimmer 's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film , replacing Beltrami 's own work . The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success , reaching # 50 on the Billboard 200 . ", "Kevin Meade Williamson -LRB- born March 14 , 1965 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , filmmaker , and actor , best known as the creator of the TV series Dawson 's Creek -LRB- 1998 -- 2003 -RRB- , The Vampire Diaries -LRB- 2009 -- 2017 -RRB- , The Following -LRB- 2013 -- 2015 -RRB- and Stalker -LRB- 2014 -- 2015 -RRB- . He is also widely known for developing and writing the screenplay for the slasher film Scream , as well as its sequels Scream 2 and Scream 4 . He also wrote the screenplay for the films I Know What You Did Last Summer , The Faculty , Teaching Mrs. Tingle -LRB- which he also directed -RRB- , and Cursed . ", "Scream is a 1996 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven . The film stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Matthew Lillard , Rose McGowan , Skeet Ulrich , and Drew Barrymore . Released on December 20 , 1996 , Scream follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro , California , who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface . The film combined black comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as Halloween and Friday the 13th . The film was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real world horror films and openly discussed the clichés that Scream attempted to subvert . Based partly on the real life case of the Gainesville Ripper , Scream was inspired by Williamson 's passion for horror films , especially Halloween -LRB- 1978 -RRB- . The script , originally titled Scary Movie , was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete . The production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location . The film went on to financial and critical acclaim , earning $ 173 million worldwide , and became the highest-grossing slasher film in the US in unadjusted dollars . It received several awards and award nominations . The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed , and was cited as '' -LSB- one -RSB- of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years . '' It has since earned `` cult status . '' Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors , which was considered to have helped it find a wider audience , including a significant female viewership . Scream was credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the 1990s , which was considered to be almost dead following an influx of direct-to-video titles and numerous sequels to established horror franchises of the 1970s and 1980s . These sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success , as they exploited clichés upon which films in the genre had become reliant . Screams success spawned a series of sequels , though only Scream 2 , released in 1997 , achieved a level of commercial and critical success equal to the original film . In the years following the release of Scream , the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders . ", "Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven . Starring Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , and David Arquette , the film series grossed over $ 604 million in worldwide box-office receipts and consists of four motion pictures directed by Craven . The first series entry , Scream , was released on December 20 , 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States . The second entry Scream 2 was released on December 12 , 1997 followed by a third installment , Scream 3 , released February 4 , 2000 . Eleven years after the previous film , Scream 4 was released on April 15 , 2011 . The films follow Sidney Prescott , and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims . Sidney receives support in the films from town deputy Dewey Riley , reporter Gale Weathers , and film-geek Randy Meeks . A tv spin off of the series was released by MTV on June 30 , 2015 . The series follows different characters and new storylines , not connected to the film series . Williamson 's original script was bought by Miramax and developed under the Dimension Films label by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , who recruited Craven to direct , who in turn recruited composer Marco Beltrami to score the film . This team went on to be involved in each film in the series though Williamson was forced to take a smaller role for Scream 3 , writing only a brief plot outline due to his commitments to other projects , with Ehren Kruger replacing him as screenwriter . The series ' violence resulted in conflicts with the Motion Picture Association of America and news media concerning censorship resulting in a reduction of violence and gore in Scream 3 when the Columbine High School massacre brought increased focus on the media 's influence on society . Scream became notable for its use of established and recognizable actors which was uncommon for horror films at the time , yet has since become common in part due to Scream 's success . The series , particularly the first two films , has received significant critical acclaim . Scream has been credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the late 90s by combining a traditional slasher film with humor , awareness of horror film cliché and a clever plot . Scream was one of the highest-grossing films of 1996 and became , and remains , the highest grossing slasher film in the world . Its success was matched by Scream 2 which not only broke box-office records of the time , but was also argued by some critics to actually be superior to the original . Scream 3 fared worse than its predecessors , both critically and financially , with critics commenting that it had become the type of horror film it originally parodied in Scream . It did , however , receive some positive response , with claims that it was the perfect end to the trilogy . The film series has been the recipient of several awards including a Saturn Award for Best Actress and MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Campbell and Best Horror Film for Scream . ", "Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog is a 2008 musical comedy-drama miniseries in three acts , produced exclusively for Internet distribution . Filmed and set in Los Angeles , the show tells the story of Dr. Horrible -LRB- played by Neil Patrick Harris -RRB- , an aspiring supervillain ; Captain Hammer -LRB- Nathan Fillion -RRB- , his nemesis ; and Penny -LRB- Felicia Day -RRB- , their shared love interest . The movie was written by writer/director Joss Whedon , his brothers Zack Whedon -LRB- a television writer -RRB- and Jed Whedon -LRB- a composer -RRB- , and writer/actress Maurissa Tancharoen . The team wrote the musical during the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike . The idea was to create something small and inexpensive , yet professionally done , in a way that would circumvent the issues that were being protested during the strike . Reception has been overwhelmingly positive . On October 31 , 2008 , Time magazine named it # 15 in Time '' 's Top 50 Inventions of 2008 . It also won the People 's Choice Award for `` Favorite Online Sensation '' , and the 2009 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , Short Form . In the inaugural 2009 Streamy Awards for web television , Dr. Horrible '' won seven awards : Audience Choice Award for Best Web Series , Best Directing for a Comedy Web Series , Best Writing for a Comedy Web Series , Best Male Actor in a Comedy Web Series -LRB- Harris -RRB- , Best Editing , Best Cinematography , and Best Original Music . It also won a 2009 Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class -- Short-format Live-Action Entertainment Programs . " ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 0, 1 ]

[ "Ice-T", "Greatest_Hits_-LRB-N.W.A_album-RRB-", "Smile_Now,_Die_Later", "Ices_-LRB-Lia_Ices_album-RRB-", "Ice_Cream_Truck_-LRB-song-RRB-" ]

[ "Tracy Lauren Marrow -LRB- born February 16 , 1958 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ice-T , is an American rapper , metal vocalist and actor . He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987 , when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays , one of the first hip-hop albums to carry an explicit content sticker . The next year , he founded the record label Rhyme $ yndicate Records -LRB- named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the ` Rhyme $ yndicate ' -RRB- and released another album , Power . He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count , which he introduced in his 1991 album O.G. : Original Gangster . Body Count released its self-titled debut album in 1992 . Ice-T encountered controversy over his track `` Cop Killer '' , which was perceived to glamorize killing police officers . Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. . Records , and his next solo album , Home Invasion , was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records . Body Count 's next album was released in 1994 , and Ice-T released two more albums in the late 1990s . Since 2000 , he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . On August 1 , 2006 the fourth Body Count album Murder 4 Hire was released , then Manslaughter on June 10 , 2014 and followed by Bloodlust on March 31st , 2017 . ", "Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by N.W.A originally released on July 2 , 1996 . The re-released version contains two bonus tracks by the reunited group . The track `` Chin Check '' was recorded by Ice Cube , Dr. Dre , MC Ren and Snoop Dogg under the N.W.A name for the soundtrack of Next Friday . `` Hello '' first appeared on Ice Cube 's sixth studio album War & Peace Vol . 2 -LRB- The Peace Disc -RRB- and featured Dr. Dre and MC Ren . ", "Smile Now , Die Later is the third album by Frost -LRB- Formerly known as Kid Frost -RRB- . The album was released on October 24 , 1995 and was his first album for Relativity Records . The album made it to number 36 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop charts making it his highest charting album until his 2002 album , Still Up In This Shit which made it to number 30 . It featured two hit singles , `` La Familia '' and `` La Raza II '' . ", "Ices is the third studio album by American singer Lia Ices . It was released in September 2014 under Jagjaguwar Records . ", "Not to be confused with `` Ice Cream Truck '' from NHB . `` Ice Cream Truck '' is a song by American rapper Cazwell . The song has been described as a light , easy and '80s - sounding hip-hop song that uses an xylophone to emulate a jingle played on an ice cream truck . The single was released in August 2010 , and is a track on the deluxe edition of Cazwell 's second album Watch My Mouth . `` Ice Cream Truck '' was written and produced by Cazwell and Chris Bracco , originally for the 2010 film Spork , which was written and directed by J.B. Ghuman Jr. but did not plan to have a commercial release until Cazwell 's manager suggested doing a video for the song . The video , which was directed by Marco Ovando , premiered on YouTube on July 30 , 2010 , and received over 1 million views within a week . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Dodo", "Medusa_Rondanini", "The_Headless_Eyes", "Naked_Soldier", "Botres" ]

[ "The dodo -LRB- Raphus cucullatus -RRB- is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius , east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean . The dodo 's closest genetic relative was the also extinct Rodrigues solitaire , the two forming the subfamily Raphinae of the family of pigeons and doves . The closest living relative of the dodo is the Nicobar pigeon . A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of Réunion , but this is now thought to have been confusion based on the Réunion ibis and paintings of white dodos . Subfossil remains show the dodo was about 1 m tall and may have weighed 10.6 - . The dodo 's appearance in life is evidenced only by drawings , paintings , and written accounts from the 17th century . Because these vary considerably , and because only some illustrations are known to have been drawn from live specimens , its exact appearance in life remains unresolved , and little is known about its behaviour . Though the dodo has historically been considered fat and clumsy , it is now thought to have been well-adapted for its ecosystem . It has been depicted with brownish-grey plumage , yellow feet , a tuft of tail feathers , a grey , naked head , and a black , yellow , and green beak . It used gizzard stones to help digest its food , which is thought to have included fruits , and its main habitat is believed to have been the woods in the drier coastal areas of Mauritius . One account states its clutch consisted of a single egg . It is presumed that the dodo became flightless because of the ready availability of abundant food sources and a relative absence of predators on Mauritius . The first recorded mention of the dodo was by Dutch sailors in 1598 . In the following years , the bird was hunted by sailors and invasive species , while its habitat was being destroyed . The last widely accepted sighting of a dodo was in 1662 . Its extinction was not immediately noticed , and some considered it to be a mythical creature . In the 19th century , research was conducted on a small quantity of remains of four specimens that had been brought to Europe in the early 17th century . Among these is a dried head , the only soft tissue of the dodo that remains today . Since then , a large amount of subfossil material has been collected on Mauritius , mostly from the Mare aux Songes swamp . The extinction of the dodo within less than a century of its discovery called attention to the previously unrecognised problem of human involvement in the disappearance of entire species . The dodo achieved widespread recognition from its role in the story of Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland , and it has since become a fixture in popular culture , often as a symbol of extinction and obsolescence . ", "The over-lifesize Medusa Rondanini , the best late Hellenistic or Augustan Roman marble copy of the head of Medusa , is rendered more humanized and beautiful than the always grotesque apotropaic head of Medusa that appeared as the Gorgoneion on the aegis of Athena . The Medusa Rondanini is located in the Glyptothek in Munich , Germany , having been purchased by the art-loving king Ludwig of Bavaria from the heirs of the marchese Rondanini , during his Grand Tour of Italy as a prince . ", "The Headless Eyes is a 1971 exploitation horror film written and directed by Kent Bateman . The film depicts an artist named Arthur Malcolm -LRB- Bo Brundin -RRB- who sneaks into a woman 's bedroom and tries to steal the money off her nightstand to pay his rent . Mistaking thief for rapist , the woman pushes his eye out with a spoon from her evening tea and knocks him out the second-story window . After being gawked at with his eye dangling from his head and the ultimate loss of his eye , Arthur becomes a serial killer and uses his victims ' eyes in his artwork . The cover artwork was later modified for The Killer Eye , an otherwise unrelated film . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic . ", "Naked Soldier is a 2012 Hong Kong action film directed by Marco Mak and starring Jennifer Tse . It is the third installment of the `` Naked '' series Naked Killer -LRB- 1992 -RRB- and Naked Weapon -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . ", "In Greek mythology , Botres was a Theban son of Eumelus and grandson of Eugnotus . His father venerated the god Apollo devotedly and honored him with generous offerings . One day , when Eumelus was sacrificing a ram to the god , Botres , who was helping around , tasted the victim 's brain before the ritual was completed . Eumelus , enraged , hit Botres on the head with a brand and inflicted a fatal injury on him . As it became evident that Botres was dying , Eumelus , his wife and the servants were overcome with sorrow . Being that Eumelus was a devotee , Apollo took pity on them and changed Botres into a bird called Aeropus -LRB- bee-eater -RRB- . This myth is also briefly referenced in Ovid 's Metamorphoses . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Anna_Nicole_Smith", "Valeen_Tippetts_Avery", "Anna_Kaplan", "Anna_Maria_Mendieta", "Annie_Reilly" ]

[ "Vickie Lynn Hogan professionally known as Anna Nicole Smith -LRB- born November 28 , 1967 -- February 8 , 2007 -RRB- was an American model , actress and television personality . Smith first gained popularity in Playboy , winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year . She modeled for fashion companies including Guess , H&M , Heatherette , and Lane Bryant . Smith dropped out of high school and was married three years later in 1985 . Her highly publicized second marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money , which she denied . Following Marshall 's death , Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate . Her case , Marshall v. Marshall , reached the U.S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction , and again on a question of bankruptcy court authority -LRB- now called Stern v. Marshall -RRB- . Smith died on February 8 , 2007 , in a Hollywood , Florida , hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs . During the final six months of her life , Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son , Daniel , and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter , Dannielynn . ", "Valeen Tippetts Avery -LRB- December 22 , 1936 -- April 7 , 2006 -RRB- was an American biographer and historian best known for her work on Western American and Latter Day Saint history . With biographer Linda King Newell , she co-authored Mormon Enigma : Emma Hale Smith , a biography of the wife of the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement , Joseph Smith . ", "Anna Kaplan -LRB- née Anna Monahemi -RRB- is an American politician from Great Neck , New York . Kaplan , an Iranian-American , was born in Tabriz , Iran . She fled Iran as a child refugee as a result of the Iranian Revolution . Kaplan is the first Iranian-American elected to municipal office in New York State . ", "Anna Maria Mendieta is a contemporary American harpist and teacher . ", "`` Little '' Annie Reilly -LRB- 1844-unknown -RRB- , also known under the aliases Kate Cooley , Connelly and Manning , was a 19th-century American thief and con artist widely regarded as `` the cleverest woman in her line in America '' . A well-known member of New York 's underworld , she was part of an elite `` inner circle '' of female career criminals under Marm Mandelbaum during the 1860s and 1870s . These included some of the most notorious thieves , blackmailers and confidence women in the country such as Lena Kleinschmidt , Sophie Lyons , Kid Glove Rosey , Queen Liz , Big Mary and Old Mother Hubbard , " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Joni_Mitchell", "Jon_Mitchell_-LRB-journalist-RRB-", "David_Mitchell", "Physical_Tour", "Mitch_Grainger" ]

[ "Roberta Joan `` Joni '' Mitchell , CC -LRB- née Anderson ; born November 7 , 1943 -RRB- is a Canadian singer-songwriter and painter . Rolling Stone called her `` one of the greatest songwriters ever '' , and AllMusic has stated , `` When the dust settles , Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century '' . Drawing from folk , pop , rock and jazz , Mitchell 's songs often reflect social and environmental ideals as well as her feelings about romance , confusion , disillusionment and joy . Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan and western Canada before busking in the streets and shoddy nightclubs of Toronto . In 1965 , she moved to the United States and began touring . Some of her original songs -LRB- `` Urge for Going '' , `` Chelsea Morning '' , `` Both Sides , Now '' , `` The Circle Game '' -RRB- were covered by folk singers , allowing her to sign with Reprise Records and record her debut album in 1968 . Settling in Southern California , Mitchell , with popular songs like `` Big Yellow Taxi '' and `` Woodstock '' , helped define an era and a generation . Her 1971 recording Blue was rated the 30th best album ever made in Rolling Stone 's list of the `` 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' , the highest entry by a female artist . Mitchell switched labels and began moving toward jazz rhythms by way of lush pop textures on 1974 's Court and Spark , her best-selling LP , featuring the radio hits `` Help Me '' and `` Free Man in Paris '' . Around 1975 her vocal range began to shift from mezzo-soprano to more of a wide-ranging contralto . Her distinctive piano and open-tuned guitar compositions also grew more harmonically and rhythmically complex as she explored jazz , melding it with influences of rock and roll , R&B , classical music , and non-western beats . In the late 1970s , she began working closely with noted jazz musicians , among them Jaco Pastorius , Wayne Shorter , Herbie Hancock , Pat Metheny , and Charles Mingus , who asked her to collaborate on his final recordings . She turned again toward pop , embraced electronic music , and engaged in political protest . She is the sole producer credited on most of her albums , including all her work in the 1970s . A blunt critic of the music industry , she quit touring and released her 17th , and reportedly last , album of original songs in 2007 . With roots in visual art , Mitchell designed her own album covers . She describes herself as a `` painter derailed by circumstance '' . ", "Jon Mitchell -LRB- born 1974 in Swansea , Wales -RRB- is a Welsh journalist and author residing in Yokohama , Japan . Mitchell has written widely about Okinawa , especially on issues created by the ongoing presence of the United States Armed Forces . He was awarded the inaugural Foreign Correspondents ' Club of Japan 's Freedom of the Press Lifetime Achievement Award for this work in 2015 . ", "David Mitchell may refer to : ", "The Physical Tour was the fifth concert tour by Australian singer Olivia Newton-John , in support of her 12th studio album , Physical -LRB- 1981 -RRB- . The tour consisted of 64 shows in North America only , the second largest by Newton-John , visiting arenas and stadiums . It 's the first concert tour by Newton-John since 1978 and her last in 16 years , until The Main Event Tour . The show had advanced technical aspects at the time , and was divided into four segments , determined by Newton-John costume changes and a video interlude . The tour was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews , regarded as one of the most popular and most remembered shows by the singer . The Physical Tour has been broadcast on a number of channels across the world . A VHS and LaserDisc version of the performances was released in 1983 . ", "Mitchell `` Mitch '' Grainger -LRB- born 12 February 1974 -RRB- , is an Australian blues and roots rock - musician based in Los Angeles , who is best known for his harmonica playing and education thereof through his successful YouTube channel . In his 26-year music career he has worked with a long list of iconic Australian rock musicians such as Harry Vanda and Malcolm Young and Californian band The Lovers . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ares", "Heracles", "Zeus", "Podes", "Hebe_-LRB-mythology-RRB-" ]

[ "Ares -LRB- -LSB- ˈɛəriːz -RSB- Ἄρης -LSB- árɛːs -RSB- -RRB- is the Greek god of war . He is one of the Twelve Olympians , and the son of Zeus and Hera . In Greek literature , he often represents the physical or violent and untamed aspect of war , in contrast to his sister the armored Athena , whose functions as a goddess of intelligence include military strategy and generalship . The Greeks were ambivalent toward Ares : although he embodied the physical valor necessary for success in war , he was a dangerous force , `` overwhelming , insatiable in battle , destructive , and man-slaughtering . '' His sons Phobos -LRB- Fear -RRB- and Deimos -LRB- Terror -RRB- and his lover , or sister , Enyo -LRB- Discord -RRB- accompanied him on his war chariot . In the Iliad , his father Zeus tells him that he is the god most hateful to him . An association with Ares endows places and objects with a savage , dangerous , or militarized quality . His value as a war god is placed in doubt : during the Trojan War , Ares was on the losing side , while Athena , often depicted in Greek art as holding Nike -LRB- Victory -RRB- in her hand , favoured the triumphant Greeks . Ares plays a relatively limited role in Greek mythology as represented in literary narratives , though his numerous love affairs and abundant offspring are often alluded to . When Ares does appear in myths , he typically faces humiliation . He is well known as the lover of Aphrodite , the goddess of love , who was married to Hephaestus , god of craftsmanship . The most famous story related to Ares and Aphrodite shows them exposed to ridicule through the wronged husband 's device . The counterpart of Ares among the Roman gods is Mars , who as a father of the Roman people was given a more important and dignified place in ancient Roman religion as a guardian deity . During the Hellenization of Latin literature , the myths of Ares were reinterpreted by Roman writers under the name of Mars . Greek writers under Roman rule also recorded cult practices and beliefs pertaining to Mars under the name of Ares . Thus in the classical tradition of later Western art and literature , the mythology of the two figures becomes virtually indistinguishable . ", "Heracles -LRB- -LSB- ˈhɛrəkliːz -RSB- ; Ἡρακλῆς , Hēraklēs , from Hēra , `` Hera '' -RRB- , born Alcaeus -LRB- Ἀλκαῖος , Alkaios -RRB- or Alcides -LRB- Ἀλκείδης , Alkeidēs -RRB- , was a divine hero in Greek mythology , the son of Zeus and Alcmene , foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson and half-brother -LRB- as they are both sired by the god Zeus -RRB- of Perseus . He was the greatest of the Greek heroes , a paragon of masculinity , the ancestor of royal clans who claimed to be Heracleidae , and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters . In Rome and the modern West , he is known as Hercules , with whom the later Roman emperors , in particular Commodus and Maximian , often identified themselves . The Romans adopted the Greek version of his life and works essentially unchanged , but added anecdotal detail of their own , some of it linking the hero with the geography of the Central Mediterranean . Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well . ", "Zeus -LSB- ˈzju : s -RSB- -LRB- Ζεύς , Zeús , -LSB- zdeǔ̯s -RSB- Modern Δίας , Días -LSB- ˈði.as -RSB- -RRB- is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion , who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus . His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter . His mythologies and powers are similar , though not identical , to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra , Jupiter , Perun , Thor , and Odin . Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea , the youngest of his siblings to be born , though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus 's stomach . In most traditions , he is married to Hera , by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares , Hebe , and Hephaestus . At the oracle of Dodona , his consort was said to be Dione , by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite . Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades . These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring , including Athena , Apollo , Artemis , Hermes , Persephone , Dionysus , Perseus , Heracles , Helen of Troy , Minos , and the Muses . He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned the others to their roles : `` Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father , and all the gods rise in his presence . '' He was equated with many foreign weather gods , permitting Pausanias to observe `` That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men '' . Zeus ' symbols are the thunderbolt , eagle , bull , and oak . In addition to his Indo-European inheritance , the classical `` cloud-gatherer '' -LRB- Greek : Νεφεληγερέτα , Nephelēgereta -RRB- also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East , such as the scepter . Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses : standing , striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand , or seated in majesty . ", "Podes -LRB- , Podēs -RRB- was the son of Eetion in Greek mythology , and thus the brother of Andromache , wife of Hector , whom he is said to have befriended . He fought on the side of the Trojans in the Trojan War , and was killed by Menelaus . However , in Book 6 of the Iliad Andromache claims that her seven brothers have been killed by Achilles . This contradiction is not resolved . ", "Hebe -LRB- -LSB- ˈhiːbi -RSB- Ἥβη -RRB- in ancient Greek religion , is the goddess of youth -LRB- Roman equivalent : Juventas -RRB- . She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera . Hebe was the cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus , serving their nectar and ambrosia , until she was married to Heracles -LRB- Roman equivalent : Hercules -RRB- ; her successor was the divine hero Ganymede . Another title of hers , for this reason , is Ganymeda . She also drew baths for her brother Ares and helped Hera enter her chariot . Hebe was supposed to have the power to give eternal youth , and in art is typically seen with her father in the guise of an eagle , often offering a cup to him . This depiction is seen in classical engraved gems as well as later art and seems to relate to a belief that the eagle -LRB- like the phoenix -RRB- had the ability to renew itself to a youthful state . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Charles_de_Gaulle", "French_Fifth_Republic", "Appeal_of_18_June", "Gaullism", "Charles,_Prince_Napoléon" ]

[ "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . ", "The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . ", "The Appeal of 18 June -LRB- L'Appel du 18 juin -RRB- was a famous speech by Charles de Gaulle , the leader of the Free French Forces , in 1940 . The appeal is often considered to be the origin of the French Resistance to the German occupation during World War II . De Gaulle spoke to the French people from London after the fall of France . He declared that the war for France was not yet over , and rallied the country in support of the Resistance . It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history . In spite of its reputation as the beginning of the Resistance and Free French , historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people . De Gaulle 's 22 June 1940 speech on the BBC was more widely heard . ", "Gaullism -LRB- Gaullisme -RRB- is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader General Charles de Gaulle , who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic . Serge Berstein writes that Gaullism is `` neither a doctrine nor a political ideology '' and can not be considered either left or right . Rather , `` considering its historical progression , it is a pragmatic exercise of power that is neither free from contradictions nor of concessions to momentary necessity , even if the imperious word of the general gives to the practice of Gaullism the allure of a program that seems profound and fully realized . '' Gaullism is `` a peculiarly French phenomenon , without doubt the quintessential French political phenomenon of the twentieth century . '' Lawrence D. Kritzman writes that Gaullism may be seen as a form of French patriotism in the tradition of Jules Michelet . He writes : `` Aligned on the political spectrum with the Right , Gaullism was committed nevertheless to the republican values of the Revolution , and so distanced itself from the particularist ambitions of the traditional Right and its xenophobic causes , Gaullism saw as its mission the affirmation of national sovereignty and unity , which was diametrically opposed to the divisiveness created by the leftist commitment to class struggle . '' ", "Charles , Prince Napoléon -LRB- Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon ; born 19 October 1950 -RRB- is a French politician , and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle , Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte . Other Bonapartists consider his son Jean-Christophe to be the current head of the house and heir . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Benzodiazepine", "Tuclazepam", "Oxazepam", "Imidazopyridine", "CBZ" ]

[ "Benzodiazepines -LRB- BZD , BZs -RRB- , sometimes called `` benzos '' , are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring . The first such drug , chlordiazepoxide -LRB- Librium -RRB- , was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955 , and made available in 1960 by Hoffmann -- La Roche , which , since 1963 , has also marketed the benzodiazepine diazepam -LRB- Valium -RRB- . In 1977 benzodiazepines were globally the most prescribed medications . Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid -LRB- GABA -RRB- at the GABAA receptor , resulting in sedative , hypnotic -LRB- sleep-inducing -RRB- , anxiolytic -LRB- anti-anxiety -RRB- , anticonvulsant , and muscle relaxant properties . High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation . These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety , insomnia , agitation , seizures , muscle spasms , alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures . Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short - , intermediate - , or long-acting . Short - and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia ; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety . Benzodiazepines are generally viewed as safe and effective for short-term use , although cognitive impairment and paradoxical effects such as aggression or behavioral disinhibition occasionally occur . A minority of people can have paradoxical reactions such as worsened agitation or panic . Long-term use is controversial because of concerns about adverse psychological and physical effects , decreasing effectiveness , and physical dependence and withdrawal . As a result of adverse effects associated with the long-term use of benzodiazepines , withdrawal from benzodiazepines , in general , leads to improved physical and mental health . The elderly are at an increased risk of suffering from both short - and long-term adverse effects , and as a result , all benzodiazepines are listed in the Beers List of inappropriate medications for older adults . There is controversy concerning the safety of benzodiazepines in pregnancy . While they are not major teratogens , uncertainty remains as to whether they cause cleft palate in a small number of babies and whether neurobehavioural effects occur as a result of prenatal exposure ; they are known to cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn . Benzodiazepines can be taken in overdoses and can cause dangerous deep unconsciousness . However , they are less toxic than their predecessors , the barbiturates , and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken . When combined with other central nervous system -LRB- CNS -RRB- depressants such as alcoholic drinks and opioids , the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases . Benzodiazepines are commonly misused and taken in combination with other drugs of abuse . ", "Tuclazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative . ", "Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine . Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia and in the control of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal . It is a metabolite of diazepam , prazepam , and temazepam , and has moderate amnesic , anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , hypnotic , sedative , and skeletal muscle relaxant properties compared to other benzodiazepines . Oxazepam was initially patented and marketed in 1965 . ", "The imidazopyridines are a class of drugs defined by their chemical structure . In general , they are GABAA receptor agonists , however recently proton pump inhibitors , aromatase inhibitors , NSAIDs and other classes of drugs in this class have been developed as well . Despite usually being similar to them in effect , they are not chemically related to benzodiazepines . As such , GABAA-agonizing imidazopyridines , pyrazolopyrimidines , and cyclopyrrones are sometimes grouped together and referred to as `` nonbenzodiazepines . '' Imidazopyridines include : Anxiolytics , sedatives and hypnotics -LRB- GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators -RRB- : Imidazo -LSB- 1,2-a -RSB- pyridines : Alpidem -LRB- original brand name Ananxyl -RRB- -- an anxiolytic that was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 1995 due to hepatotoxicity . DS-1 -- a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator selective for the α4β3δ subtype , which is not targeted by other GABAergics such as benzodiazepines or other nonbenzodiazepines . Necopidem -- an anxiolytic . It has not found clinical use . Saripidem -- a sedative and anxiolytic . It is not used clinically . TP-003 -- a subtype-selective partial agonist at GABAA receptors , binding to GABAA receptor complexes bearing either α2 , α3 or α5 subunits , but only showing significant efficacy at α3 . Zolpidem -LRB- original brand name Ambien -RRB- -- a widely used hypnotic . Generic versions are widely available . Imidazo -LSB- 4,5-c -RSB- pyridines : Bamaluzole -- a GABAA receptor-agonizing anticonvulsant that was never marketed . Antipsychotics : Imidazo -LSB- 1,2-a -RSB- pyridines : Mosapramine -LRB- brand name クレミン , Cremin -RRB- -- an atypical antipsychotic used in Japan . Drugs used for peptic ulcer disease -LRB- PUD -RRB- , GERD and gastroprokinetic agents -LRB- motility stimulants -RRB- : Imidazo -LSB- 1,2-a -RSB- pyridines : CJ-033466 -- an experimental gastroprokinetic acting as a selective 5-HT4 serotonin receptor partial agonist . Zolimidine -- a gastroprotective agent . Linaprazan -- a potassium-competitive acid blocker which demonstrated similar efficacy as esomeprazole in healing and controlling symptoms of GERD patients with erosive esophagitis . SCH28080 -- the prototypical potassium-competitive acid blocker which has not found clinical use because of liver toxicity in animal trials and elevated liver enzyme activity in the serum of human volunteers . Imidazo -LSB- 4,5-b -RSB- pyridines : Tenatoprazole -- it blocks the gastric proton pump leading to decline of gastric acid production . NSAIDs , analgesics and antimigraine drugs : Imidazo -LSB- 1,2-a -RSB- pyridines : Miroprofen -- a derivative of propionic acid . Imidazo -LSB- 4,5-b -RSB- pyridines : Telcagepant -- a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist which was in clinical trials as a remedy for migraine . Its development was terminated . Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system : Imidazo -LSB- 1,2-a -RSB- pyridines : Olprinone -LRB- loprinone -RRB- -- a cardiac stimulant . Drugs for treatment of bone diseases : Imidazo -LSB- 1,2-a -RSB- pyridines : Minodronic acid -LRB- brand names Bonoteo , Recalbon -RRB- -- a third-generation bisphosphonate used for the treatment of osteoporosis . Antineoplastic agents : Imidazo -LSB- 1,5-a -RSB- pyridines : Fadrozole -LRB- brand name Afema -RRB- -- an aromatase inhibitor . Imidazo -LSB- 4,5-c -RSB- pyridines : 3-Deazaneplanocin A -- an S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine synthesis inhibitor and histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor . ", "CBZ -LRB- or cbz -RRB- may refer to : Cedric Bixler-Zavala , singer for At the Drive-In , The Mars Volta , Zavalaz , Antemasque Carbamazepine , an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug Carboxybenzyl , a common amine protecting group in organic synthesis C-B-Z red vine cuvée -LRB- Cabernet Sauvignon , Blauburger , Zweigelt -RRB- . NB : ` Blauburgunder ' is also the German name for Pinot Noir . CBZ-FM , a CBC Radio 2 station in Fredericton , Canada CBZF-FM , a CBC Radio 1 station in Fredericton which had the call sign CBZ until 2004 . CBZ Holdings , a financial services company of Zimbabwe . cbz , a file extension for the Comic Book Archive file format Hero Honda CBZ , a 4-stroke sports oriented bike by Hero Honda Motors India Ltd " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "John_Frusciante", "Jeb_Bishop_discography", "Sivuca", "Flavio_de_Carvalho", "Music_for_Piano_-LRB-Cage-RRB-" ]

[ "John Anthony Frusciante -LRB- -LSB- fruːˈʃɑːnteɪ -RSB- born March 5 , 1970 -RRB- is an American guitarist , singer , producer and composer . He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers , from 1988 until 1992 , and again from 1998 until 2009 . He recorded five studio albums with them . Frusciante has an active solo career , having released eleven solo albums and five EPs ; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica . In 2015 , Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias , Trickfinger . He has also recorded with numerous other artists , including The Mars Volta , for whom he was a studio guitarist -LRB- and occasional live performer -RRB- from 2002 until 2008 ; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally , with whom he released two albums as Ataxia ; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López . He has also produced and/or recorded with Duran Duran , Wu-Tang Clan , The Mars Volta and Omar Rodriguez Lopez , Swahili Blonde , Black Knights , The Bicycle Thief , Glenn Hughes , Ziggy Marley , Johnny Cash , George Clinton , Johnny Marr and others . At the age of eighteen , he joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers , first appearing on the band 's 1989 album , Mother 's Milk . The group 's follow-up album , Blood Sugar Sex Magik -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , was a breakthrough success . Frusciante became overwhelmed by the band 's new popularity and quit in 1992 . He became a recluse and entered a long period of drug addiction , during which he released his first solo recordings : Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt -LRB- 1994 -RRB- and Smile from the Streets You Hold -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . In 1998 , he successfully completed drug rehabilitation and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers . Their next album , Californication -LRB- 1999 -RRB- would eventually go on to sell 16 million copies . His album To Record Only Water for Ten Days was released in 2001 . A fourth album with the Chili Peppers , By the Way was released in 2002 . On a creative spree , Frusciante released six solo albums in 2004 ; each album explored different recording techniques and genres . 2006 saw the release of his fifth and final album with the Chili Peppers , Stadium Arcadium . In 2009 , Frusciante released The Empyrean , which features Flea and Josh Klinghoffer , and announced he had again parted ways with the Chili Peppers . Frusciante has received critical recognition for his guitar playing , ranking at number 18 on Rolling Stones list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' in 2003 ; and again in a second list published in 2011 , where he ranked at number 72 . He was ranked as number 42 in Gibson 's list of the `` 50 Best Guitarists of All Time '' . He was voted `` The Best Guitarist of the Last 30 Years '' in a 2010 BBC poll called `` The Axe Factor '' . Frusciante was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers on April 14 , 2012 although he did not attend the ceremony . ", "Jeb Bishop is primarily known as an improvisational jazz trombonist . However he occasionally plays other instruments on both jazz and rock recordings as noted . ", "Severino Dias de Oliveira -LRB- 26 March 1930 in Itabaiana , Brazil -- 14 December 2006 in João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil -RRB- , popularly known as Sivuca , was a Brazilian accordionist and guitarist . In addition to his home state of Paraíba , and cities Recife and Rio de Janeiro , he worked and lived in Paris , Lisbon , and New York City on and off throughout his life . He has 2 daughters , Flavia de Oliveira Barreto , and Wilma Da Silva . He is best known internationally for his work with Scandinavian jazz musicians in the 1980s . His most famous songs are the Brazilian popular classic João e Maria with lyrics by Chico Buarque and the accordion standard Feira de Mangaio . He is famous for his use of makeshift instruments playing alongside conventional ones and for his versatility , fusing traditional regional styles such as forró and Chorinho with jazz , bossa , classical , and other musical forms . Sivuca and Hermeto Pascoal , both versatile multi-instrumentalists with albinism , have worked together and are sometimes confused with each other . His professional career began in Pernambuco where he went at the age of 15 , and continued in his first album with Humberto Teixeira -LRB- 1950 -RRB- , leading to work in radio and television in Rio de Janeiro from 1955 . With `` Os Brasileiros '' he toured Europe -LRB- 1958 -RRB- . He moved to New York City -LRB- 1964-76 -RRB- and worked with Miriam Makeba and Harry Belafonte among others . Archival footage of his work with Makeba can be seen in Mika Kaurismäki 's documentary Mama Africa -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He recorded with Putte Wickman -LRB- P.W. & Sivuca , 1969 -RRB- , Ulf Wakenius 's `` Guitars Unlimited '' -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and Sylvia Vrethammar -LRB- Rio de Janeiry Blue , 1985 ; Rendezvois in Rio , 1995 -RRB- . His `` Sivuca Brazilian Group '' toured Scandinavia in 1990 . He was hospitalized on December 12th and died on December 14th 2006 , after a two-year struggle with cancer . ", "Flávio de Rezende Carvalho -LRB- 1899 -- 1973 -RRB- was a Brazilian architect and artist . Carvalho was educated in France from 1911 to 1914 , and then in Newcastle-upon-Tyne until 1922 , attending the King Edward the Seventh School of Fine Arts and Durham University 's Armstrong College . In Newcastle he obtained degrees in both civil engineering and fine art . Carvalho returned to São Paulo in 1922 , joining a local construction firm , before designing his own buildings and creating numerous artworks . In all his diverse practice he was largely influenced by the writings of Sigmund Freud and of the social anthropologist James Frazer . Le Corbusier defined him as a `` Romantic Revolutionary '' . As an artist Carvalho represented Brazil at the 1950 Venice Biennial . Amongst his most noted works in the medium is the series Tragic Series which depicted the death of his mother . Carvalho was also an influential writer , penning the play Dance of the Dead God for the Experimental Theater in 1933 . Carvalho was noted for his experimental designs , such as a scheme for the Governor 's Palace in São Paulo in 1927 -LRB- unbuilt -RRB- , the Main House at Capuava Ranch and a residential complex at Alameda Lorena . Cavalcanti writes that `` His freedom and lack of commitment to rigid dogmas led him to create a personal language that mixed styles , references and construction techniques . '' This openness has also made that Carvalho has been hailed as pivotal figure in activating discussions about the relationship and overlaps between art and architecture . Carvalho frequently courted controversy in his time , walking in the opposite direction to a Corpus Christi parade in São Paulo , creating various `` performances '' before the term was coined . He could regularly be seen female clothing , ostensibly as part of a performance art piece also being an important influence on Helio Oiticica and a precursor to Neo-Concretists such as Lygia Clark and Lygia Pape He could regularly be seen female clothing , ostensibly as part of a performance art piece . Carvalho was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature in 1939 by Paul V Shaw , professor of history at the University of São Paulo . ", "Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage . All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "John_Frusciante", "Jeb_Bishop_discography", "Sivuca", "Flavio_de_Carvalho", "Music_for_Piano_-LRB-Cage-RRB-" ]

[ "John Anthony Frusciante -LRB- -LSB- fruːˈʃɑːnteɪ -RSB- born March 5 , 1970 -RRB- is an American guitarist , singer , producer and composer . He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers , from 1988 until 1992 , and again from 1998 until 2009 . He recorded five studio albums with them . Frusciante has an active solo career , having released eleven solo albums and five EPs ; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica . In 2015 , Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias , Trickfinger . He has also recorded with numerous other artists , including The Mars Volta , for whom he was a studio guitarist -LRB- and occasional live performer -RRB- from 2002 until 2008 ; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally , with whom he released two albums as Ataxia ; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López . He has also produced and/or recorded with Duran Duran , Wu-Tang Clan , The Mars Volta and Omar Rodriguez Lopez , Swahili Blonde , Black Knights , The Bicycle Thief , Glenn Hughes , Ziggy Marley , Johnny Cash , George Clinton , Johnny Marr and others . At the age of eighteen , he joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers , first appearing on the band 's 1989 album , Mother 's Milk . The group 's follow-up album , Blood Sugar Sex Magik -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , was a breakthrough success . Frusciante became overwhelmed by the band 's new popularity and quit in 1992 . He became a recluse and entered a long period of drug addiction , during which he released his first solo recordings : Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt -LRB- 1994 -RRB- and Smile from the Streets You Hold -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . In 1998 , he successfully completed drug rehabilitation and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers . Their next album , Californication -LRB- 1999 -RRB- would eventually go on to sell 16 million copies . His album To Record Only Water for Ten Days was released in 2001 . A fourth album with the Chili Peppers , By the Way was released in 2002 . On a creative spree , Frusciante released six solo albums in 2004 ; each album explored different recording techniques and genres . 2006 saw the release of his fifth and final album with the Chili Peppers , Stadium Arcadium . In 2009 , Frusciante released The Empyrean , which features Flea and Josh Klinghoffer , and announced he had again parted ways with the Chili Peppers . Frusciante has received critical recognition for his guitar playing , ranking at number 18 on Rolling Stones list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' in 2003 ; and again in a second list published in 2011 , where he ranked at number 72 . He was ranked as number 42 in Gibson 's list of the `` 50 Best Guitarists of All Time '' . He was voted `` The Best Guitarist of the Last 30 Years '' in a 2010 BBC poll called `` The Axe Factor '' . Frusciante was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers on April 14 , 2012 although he did not attend the ceremony . ", "Jeb Bishop is primarily known as an improvisational jazz trombonist . However he occasionally plays other instruments on both jazz and rock recordings as noted . ", "Severino Dias de Oliveira -LRB- 26 March 1930 in Itabaiana , Brazil -- 14 December 2006 in João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil -RRB- , popularly known as Sivuca , was a Brazilian accordionist and guitarist . In addition to his home state of Paraíba , and cities Recife and Rio de Janeiro , he worked and lived in Paris , Lisbon , and New York City on and off throughout his life . He has 2 daughters , Flavia de Oliveira Barreto , and Wilma Da Silva . He is best known internationally for his work with Scandinavian jazz musicians in the 1980s . His most famous songs are the Brazilian popular classic João e Maria with lyrics by Chico Buarque and the accordion standard Feira de Mangaio . He is famous for his use of makeshift instruments playing alongside conventional ones and for his versatility , fusing traditional regional styles such as forró and Chorinho with jazz , bossa , classical , and other musical forms . Sivuca and Hermeto Pascoal , both versatile multi-instrumentalists with albinism , have worked together and are sometimes confused with each other . His professional career began in Pernambuco where he went at the age of 15 , and continued in his first album with Humberto Teixeira -LRB- 1950 -RRB- , leading to work in radio and television in Rio de Janeiro from 1955 . With `` Os Brasileiros '' he toured Europe -LRB- 1958 -RRB- . He moved to New York City -LRB- 1964-76 -RRB- and worked with Miriam Makeba and Harry Belafonte among others . Archival footage of his work with Makeba can be seen in Mika Kaurismäki 's documentary Mama Africa -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He recorded with Putte Wickman -LRB- P.W. & Sivuca , 1969 -RRB- , Ulf Wakenius 's `` Guitars Unlimited '' -LRB- 1987 -RRB- and Sylvia Vrethammar -LRB- Rio de Janeiry Blue , 1985 ; Rendezvois in Rio , 1995 -RRB- . His `` Sivuca Brazilian Group '' toured Scandinavia in 1990 . He was hospitalized on December 12th and died on December 14th 2006 , after a two-year struggle with cancer . ", "Flávio de Rezende Carvalho -LRB- 1899 -- 1973 -RRB- was a Brazilian architect and artist . Carvalho was educated in France from 1911 to 1914 , and then in Newcastle-upon-Tyne until 1922 , attending the King Edward the Seventh School of Fine Arts and Durham University 's Armstrong College . In Newcastle he obtained degrees in both civil engineering and fine art . Carvalho returned to São Paulo in 1922 , joining a local construction firm , before designing his own buildings and creating numerous artworks . In all his diverse practice he was largely influenced by the writings of Sigmund Freud and of the social anthropologist James Frazer . Le Corbusier defined him as a `` Romantic Revolutionary '' . As an artist Carvalho represented Brazil at the 1950 Venice Biennial . Amongst his most noted works in the medium is the series Tragic Series which depicted the death of his mother . Carvalho was also an influential writer , penning the play Dance of the Dead God for the Experimental Theater in 1933 . Carvalho was noted for his experimental designs , such as a scheme for the Governor 's Palace in São Paulo in 1927 -LRB- unbuilt -RRB- , the Main House at Capuava Ranch and a residential complex at Alameda Lorena . Cavalcanti writes that `` His freedom and lack of commitment to rigid dogmas led him to create a personal language that mixed styles , references and construction techniques . '' This openness has also made that Carvalho has been hailed as pivotal figure in activating discussions about the relationship and overlaps between art and architecture . Carvalho frequently courted controversy in his time , walking in the opposite direction to a Corpus Christi parade in São Paulo , creating various `` performances '' before the term was coined . He could regularly be seen female clothing , ostensibly as part of a performance art piece also being an important influence on Helio Oiticica and a precursor to Neo-Concretists such as Lygia Clark and Lygia Pape He could regularly be seen female clothing , ostensibly as part of a performance art piece . Carvalho was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature in 1939 by Paul V Shaw , professor of history at the University of São Paulo . ", "Music for Piano is a series of 85 indeterminate musical compositions for piano by American avant-garde composer John Cage . All of these works were composed by making paper imperfections into sounds using various kinds of chance operations . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "The_Colbert_Report", "NFL_AM", "The_Howard_Stern_Show_-LRB-WWOR-RRB-", "Sesame_Street_Stays_Up_Late!", "Law_&_Order-COLON-_Special_Victims_Unit_-LRB-season_11-RRB-" ]

[ "The Colbert Report -LRB- -LSB- koʊlˈbɛr_rəˈpɔr -RSB- -RRB- is an American late-night talk and news satire television program hosted by Stephen Colbert that aired four days a week on Comedy Central from October 17 , 2005 to December 18 , 2014 for 1,447 episodes . The show focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert , played by his real-life namesake . The character , described by Colbert as a `` well-intentioned , poorly informed , high-status idiot '' , is a caricature of televised political pundits . Furthermore , the show satirized conservative personality-driven political talk programs , particularly Fox News 's The O'Reilly Factor . The Colbert Report is a spin-off of Comedy Central 's The Daily Show , where he acted as a correspondent for the program for several years while developing the character . The program was created by Colbert , Jon Stewart , and Ben Karlin . The show 's writing was grounded in improvisation , and often lampooned current events stories . The show 's structure also included a guest interview , in which the Colbert character attempts to deconstruct his opponent 's argument . The show was taped in New York City 's Hell 's Kitchen neighborhood , and the program 's set is `` hyper-American '' , epitomizing the character 's ego . The show was taped and broadcast Monday through Thursday , with weeks taken off at multiple points in a given year for breaks . The Colbert Report saw immediate critical and ratings successes , leading to various awards , including two prestigious Peabody Awards . The show 's cultural influence -- which occasionally would require a fair degree of participation from the show 's audience , dubbed the Colbert Nation -- extended beyond the program a number of times . This impact included the character running for U.S. President twice , co-hosting a rally at the National Mall , presenting a controversial performance at the White House Correspondents ' Dinner , and establishing a real Super PAC that raised a million dollars . In addition , the show inspired various forms of multimedia , including music and multiple best-selling books . ", "NFL AM -LRB- also known as NFL All Morning -RRB- was an NFL morning television program on NFL Network . The program premiered on Monday , July 30 , 2012 . It aired from 6a to 10a ET . On May 8 , 2015 , the program went on hiatus . Network executives stated that they will perform performance reviews and planned to relaunch sometime during the 2015 NFL preseason . It was subsequently cancelled and replaced by NFL HQ , which was , in turn , replaced with Good Morning Football . The program featured Rhett Lewis , Erin Coscarelli , LaVar Arrington , Eric Davis , Terrell Davis , Jordan Babineaux , Steve Wyche , Molly Qerim and Mark Kriegel . In July 2014 , Coscarelli and Lewis were added to the cast of co-hosts . ", "The Howard Stern Show is an American late-night television variety show , hosted by radio personality Howard Stern . It aired Saturdays , beginning at 11:00 pm , from July 14 , 1990 to August 8 , 1992 . ", "Sesame Street Stays Up Late ! is a 1993 Sesame Street New Year 's Eve television special with guest appearances of characters from the international versions of Sesame Street . This special aired on December 29 , 1993 on PBS . It was released on home video as Sesame Street Celebrates Around the World . ", "The eleventh season of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit premiered on September 23 , 2009 and concluded on May 19 , 2010 . It was moved from Tuesdays to Wednesdays at 9pm/8c ET for the NBC broadcast . On March 3 , 2010 , SVU returned to its previous time slot of 10pm/9c ET . On January 22 , 2010 , in the wake of the conflict between Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien , NBC announced that they would order two additional episodes to fill in the gaps of the departing The Jay Leno Show . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmaceutical_physician", "Biomedical_Chromatography", "Pharmacy_and_Therapeutics", "Biomicrofluidics" ]

[ "Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action , where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made , natural , or endogenous -LRB- from within body -RRB- molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell , tissue , organ , or organism -LRB- sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species -RRB- . More specifically , it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function . If substances have medicinal properties , they are considered pharmaceuticals . The field encompasses drug composition and properties , synthesis and drug design , molecular and cellular mechanisms , organ/systems mechanisms , signal transduction/cellular communication , molecular diagnostics , interactions , toxicology , chemical biology , therapy , and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities . The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics . Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems , and Pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug . In broad terms , pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors , and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption , distribution , metabolism , and excretion -LRB- ADME -RRB- of chemicals from the biological systems . Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused . Pharmacology , a biomedical science , deals with the research , discovery , and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals . In contrast , pharmacy , a health services profession , is concerned with application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings ; whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role . In either field , the primary contrast between the two are their distinctions between direct-patient care , for pharmacy practice , and the science-oriented research field , driven by pharmacology . The origins of clinical pharmacology date back to the Middle Ages in Avicenna 's The Canon of Medicine , Peter of Spain 's Commentary on Isaac , and John of St Amand 's Commentary on the Antedotary of Nicholas . Clinical pharmacology owes much of its foundation to the work of William Withering . Pharmacology as a scientific discipline did not further advance until the mid-19th century amid the great biomedical resurgence of that period . Before the second half of the nineteenth century , the remarkable potency and specificity of the actions of drugs such as morphine , quinine and digitalis were explained vaguely and with reference to extraordinary chemical powers and affinities to certain organs or tissues . The first pharmacology department was set up by Rudolf Buchheim in 1847 , in recognition of the need to understand how therapeutic drugs and poisons produced their effects . Early pharmacologists focused on natural substances , mainly plant extracts . Pharmacology developed in the 19th century as a biomedical science that applied the principles of scientific experimentation to therapeutic contexts . Today pharmacologists use genetics , molecular biology , chemistry , and other advanced tools to transform information about molecular mechanisms and targets into therapies directed against disease , defects or pathogens , and create methods for preventative care , diagnostics , and ultimately personalized medicine . ", "A Pharmaceutical Physician is a healthcare professional who performs actions related to pharmacology . They work in biotechnology companies , Clinical Research Organisations -LRB- CROs -RRB- , Regulatory Authorities , and pharmaceutical companies . ", "Biomedical Chromatography is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal , published since 1986 by John Wiley & Sons . It covers research on the applications of chromatography and allied techniques in the biological and medical sciences . The editor-in-chief is Michael Bartlett -LRB- University of Georgia -RRB- . ", "Pharmacy and Therapeutics is a committee at a hospital or an insurance plan that meets to decide which drugs will appear on that entity 's drug formulary . The committee usually consists of both physicians and pharmacists . They must weigh the costs and benefits of each drug and decide which ones a person and the most efficacy per dollar . This is one aspect of pharmaceutical policy . Most generic drugs are available on formularies , except in cases where that class of drugs are no longer considered safe and efficacious . For instance most formularies will not cover barbiturates since their therapeutic index is low compared to benzodiazepines . Barbiturates have a danger of overdosing that occurs at a smaller milligram range than the benzodiazepines . Category : Hospitals ", "Biomicrofluidics is a bimonthly online-only peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of research on fundamental physicochemical mechanisms associated with microfluidic , nanofluidic , and molecular/cellular biophysical phenomena in addition to novel microfluidic and nanofluidic techniques for diagnostic , medical , biological , pharmaceutical , environmental , and chemical applications . The editors-in-chief are Hsueh-Chia Chang -LRB- University of Notre Dame -RRB- and Leslie Y. Yeo -LRB- RMIT University -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "New_Jersey_Turnpike", "List_of_U.S._Routes_in_New_Jersey", "List_of_turnpikes_in_New_Jersey", "Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey", "Newburgh_and_Cochecton_Turnpike" ]

[ "The New Jersey Turnpike -LRB- NJTP -RRB- , colloquially known to New Jerseyans as `` the Turnpike '' , is a toll road in New Jersey , maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . According to the International Bridge , Tunnel and Turnpike Association , the Turnpike is the nation 's sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States . Having a total length of 122.40 mi , the Turnpike 's southern terminus begins at Interstate 295 -LRB- I-295 -RRB- near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point Townships in Salem County , one mile east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge . Its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee , Bergen County . The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey , as well as Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York . The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14 , with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars , and with the outer lanes for cars , trucks and buses . The northern part of the mainline turnpike , along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs , is part of the Interstate Highway System , designated as I-95 between exit 6 and its northern end . South of exit 6 , it has the unsigned Route 700 designation . There are two extensions and two spurs , including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14 , which carries I-78 ; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension -LRB- officially the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension -RRB- at exit 6 ; and the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur at the turnpike 's northernmost end . Construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months , from 1950 to 1952 . It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951 , between its southern terminus and exit 10 . The Turnpike has 12 ft lanes , 10 ft shoulders , 13 rest areas named after notable residents of New Jersey , and unusual exit signage that was considered the pinnacle of highway building in the 1950s . The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpike 's design guidelines . To some degree , the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture , having been referenced in music , film and television . ", "The following are US Routes in New Jersey . __ TOC __ ", "This is a list of turnpike roads , built and operated by private companies in exchange for the privilege of collecting a toll , in the U.S. state of New Jersey , mainly in the 19th century . While most of the roads are now maintained as free public roads , some have been abandoned . -RCB- | Allentown - Imlaystown | CR 526 | - | Belleville Bridge and Turnpike Road Association | | | | - | Belleville Turnpike | | Belleville - Kearny | Route 7 | - | Belleville and Newark Plank Road | | | | - | Bergen Turnpike | | Hackensack - Ridgefield - Hoboken | Hudson Street , Bergen Turnpike , U.S. Route 1/9 , Bergen Turnpike , Hackensack Plank Road | - | Berlin and Haddonfield Turnpike | | Berlin - Haddonfield | CR 561 | - | Beverly and Charleston Turnpike | | | | - | Beverly and Mount Holly Plank Road or Turnpike | | Beverly - Rancocas - Mount Holly | Mount Holly Road , Beverly Rancocas Road , Rancocas Road | - | Beverly and Riverton Turnpike and Bridge Company | | | | - | Bordentown and Columbus Turnpike | | Bordentown - Columbus - Chambers Corners | U.S. Route 206 | - | Bordentown and Crosswicks Turnpike | | Bordentown - Crosswicks - North Crosswicks ; branch to Chesterfield - New Egypt | CR 528 , Bordentown Crosswicks Road ; CR 528 | - | Bordentown and Drawbridge Turnpike | | Bordentown - White Horse | US 206 | - | Bordentown and Hornerstown Turnpike | | Bordentown - Chesterfield - Hornerstown | County Route 528 , Arneytown Chesterfield Road , Arneytown Hornerstown Road | - | Bordentown and South Amboy Turnpike | | Bordentown - Washington - Hightstown - Cranbury - Jamesburg - Spotswood - South Amboy | U.S. Route 130 , Route 33 , Main Street , County Route 535 , Bordentown Turnpike , County Route 615 | - | Bricksburg and Point Pleasant Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Deerfield Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Fairfield Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Fairton | Bridgeton Fairton Road | - | Bridgeton and Marlton Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Millville Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Millville | Route 49 | - | Burlington Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Burlington and Beverly Turnpike | | Burlington - Beverly | County Route 543 | - | Burlington and Columbus Turnpike | | Burlington - Columbus - Tilghmans Corner | CR 543 , Mt. Pleasant Road | - | Burlington and Jacksonville Turnpike | | | | - | Burlington and Mount Holly Turnpike | | Burlington - Mount Holly | County Route 541 | - | Burlington and Willingboro Turnpike | | Burlington - Willingboro | Salem Road | - | Camden and Atlantic Turnpike | | | | - | Camden and Blackwoodtown Turnpike | | Camden - Mount Ephraim - Blackwood | Route 168 | - | Camden , Ellisburg and Marlton Turnpike | | Camden - Marlton | Route 70 | - | Camden and Gloucester City Turnpike | | | | - | Cape Island Turnpike | | Cape May Point - Cape May | Sunset Boulevard | - | Cape May Turnpike | | Cape May - Cape May Court House | U.S. Route 9 | - | Cape May Boulevard Turnpike | | | | - | Centreton Turnpike | | | | - | Coleville and Carpenter 's Point Turnpike | | Colesville Wantage Twp , Montague Twp | Route 23 | - | Columbia and Walpack Turnpike | | Columbia - Millbrook - Walpack - Tuttles Corner | Interstate 80 , Old Mine Road , Mountain Road , Brook Road | - | Columbus and Kinkora Turnpike | | Kinkora - Columbus | Kinkora Road , Hedding Road | - | Columbus and Wrightstown Turnpike | | | | - | County Line Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Ten Mile Run | | - | Crosswicks and Trenton Turnpike | | Crosswicks - Trenton | Broad Street , County Route 524 | - | Deal and Squan Bridge Turnpike | | Deal - Asbury Park - Belmar - Lake Como | Route 71 | - | Deckertown and Newton Turnpike | | Sussex - Newton | Loomis Avenue , County Route 565 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Delaware and Jobstown Rail or McAdamised Road | | | | - | Dover Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Dutch Lane and Marlboro Turnpike | | | | - | East Brunswick and New Brunswick Turnpike | | | | - | Eatontown and Sea Shore Turnpike | | Eatontown - Long Branch | County Route 537 | - | Eatontown and Squan Turnpike | | | | - | Elizabeth and Rahway Plank Road | | | | - | Englewood Dock and Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown Turnpike | | | | - | Essex and Middlesex Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Metuchen - Rahway - Elizabeth - Newark | Route 27 , Northeast Corridor right-of-way , Broad Street | - | Ewing and Hopewell Turnpike | | | | - | Farmers ' Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Farmingdale and Squankum Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Freehold Plank or Turnpike Road | | Florence - Freehold | | - | Florence and Jobstown Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Keyport Plank Road | | Union Beach - Morganville | County Route 39 , County Route 3 | Was planned to reach Florence | - | Forked River and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Franklin Turnpike | | Ho-Ho-Kus - Allendale - Mahwah - New York -LRB- Orange Turnpike -RRB- | Franklin Turnpike , County Route 507 | - | Freehold and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | Freehold - Colts Neck | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Englishtown Turnpike | | Freehold - Englishtown | County Route 522 | - | Freehold and Howell Plank Road | | Freehold - Howell | Route 79 , U.S. Route 9 , County Route 524 | - | Freehold and Jerseyville Turnpike | | | Jerseyville Avenue , Route 33 | - | Freehold and Smithville Plank Road | | | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Smithville Turnpike | | | County Route 537 | - | Georgetown and Franklin Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Rocky Hill - Hopewell - Lambertville - Pennsylvania | Route 27 , County Route 518 | - | Glassboro and Carpenter 's Landing Turnpike | | Glassboro - Mantua | | - | Glassboro and Malaga Turnpike | | Glassboro - Clayton - Franklinville - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Gloucester Turnpike | | | | - | Gloucester and Salem Turnpike | | | | - | Good Intent and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Godwinville and Paterson McAdamized Road | | | | - | Gravelly Ridge Turnpike | | Jericho - Woods Upper Mill | Jericho Road | - | Great and Little Egg Harbor Turnpike | | | | - | Hackensack and Fort Lee Turnpike | | Hackensack - Fort Lee | Fort Lee Road , Main Street | - | Hackensack and Harrington Plank Road | | Ridgefield Park - Teaneck - Dumont - New York | Teaneck Road , Washington Avenue , Schraalenburgh Road , Tappan Road | - | Hackensack and Paterson Turnpike | | Paterson - Elmwood Park - Saddle Brook - Hackensack | Market Street , Essex Street | - | Hackensack Plank Road | | Bergen Turnpike | | - | Haddonfield and Camden Turnpike | | Haddonfield - Camden | County Route 561 | - | Hainesport , Lumberton and Vincentown Turnpike | | Hainesport - Lumberton - Vincentown | Chestnut Street , Landing Street | - | Highlands and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Navesink Beach -LRB- Highlands Station -RRB- - Sea Bright | Route 36 | - | Hightstown and Allentown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Imlaystown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Manalapanville Turnpike | | Hightstown - Manalapan | Route 33 | - | Hightstown and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Princeton Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Robbinsville Turnpike | | | | - | Hoboken and Hudson River Turnpike | | | | - | Holmdel and Keyport Turnpike | | Holmdel - Keyport | County Route 4 | - | Holmdel and Middletown Point Turnpike | | Holmdel - Matawan | Route 34 | - | Hope and Hackettstown Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Hopewell and Ewing Turnpike | | Trenton - Ewing - Pennington | Route 31 | - | Howell Turnpike | | | | - | Hudson and Bergen Plank Road | | | | - | Hudson and Hackensack Roadway | | | | - | Hunterdon and Sussex Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jefferson Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Acquackanonk Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Bergen Point Plank Road | | Jersey City - Bayonne - Bergen Point | Grand Street , Ocean Avenue , Broadway | - | Keyport and Middletown Turnpike | | | Route 35 | - | Keyport and Oak Grove Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Broadway , Lloyd Road , Line Road | - | Lambertville and Flemington Plank Road | | | | - | Lambertville and Flemington Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Ringoes Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Rocky Hill Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrence Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrenceville , Berkeley and Thorofare Turnpike | | | | - | Leedsville and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | | | - | Long Beach Turnpike | | Manahawkin - Ship Bottom | Route 72 | - | Long Branch and Deal Turnpike | | Deal - Long Branch | Monmouth Road | - | Long Branch and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Sea Bright - Long Branch | Route 36 | - | Long-a-coming and Chew 's Landing Turnpike | | Berlin -LRB- Long-a-coming -RRB- - Clementon - Chews Landing | Clementon Road , Berlin Road , Chews Landing Road | - | Longacoming , May 's Landing and Tuckerton Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapan and Freehold Turnpike | | Manalapan - Freehold | Route 33 ; County Route 24 | - | Manalapan and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | Manalapan - Morganville | County Route 3 | - | Manalapan Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapanville and Englishtown Turnpike | | Manalapan - Englishtown | County Route 527 Alternate | - | Manalapanville and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Mantua Creek and Red Bank Turnpike | | | | - | Marlborough and Quinton 's Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Matawan and Holmdel Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Bethany Road , Church Street | - | Mechanicsville and Oceanville Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Indiantown Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Tuckerton Turnpike | | Medford - Tuckerton | County Route 541 , Stokes Road , Iron Pipe Road , Chatsworth Road , Stage Road | - | Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike | | | County Route 516 | - | Middletown Turnpike | | Middletown - Red Bank | Route 35 | - | Middletown and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Middletown and Keyport Turnpike | | Keyport - Middletown | Route 35 | - | Milltown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Buckshutem Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Malaga Road | | Millville - Vineland - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Millville and Mauricetown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville , Vineland and Carlsburg Turnpike | | | | - | Monmouth County Plank Road | | Freehold - Matawan - Keyport | Route 79 , County Route 516 , County Route 6 | - | Moorestown and Camden Turnpike | | Moorestown - Camden | County Route 537 | - | Moorestown and Mount Laurel Turnpike | | Moorestown - Mount Laurel | | - | Morris Turnpike | | Elizabeth - Union - Morristown - Netcong - Newton - Culver 's Gap | Route 82 , Route 124 , Sussex Turnpike , Route 10 , U.S. Route 46 , U.S. Route 206 , County Route 519 , Morris Turnpike | - | Morristown and Baskingridge Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Eayrestown Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Jobstown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Jobstown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly , Lumberton and Medford Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Lumberton - Medford | County Route 541 | - | Mount Holly and Moorestown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Moorestown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton South Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Hope and Longwood Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Mullica Hill and Camden Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Mantua - Woodbury | Route 45 | - | Mullica Hill and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Pole Tavern Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Red Bank Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodstown Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Woodstown | Route 45 | - | Navesink Turnpike | | | | - | Newark Plank Road and Ferry | | Jersey City - Newark | Newark Avenue , Communipaw Ave/U . S. Route 1/9 Truck , Ferry Street | - | Newark Turnpike | | Jersey City - Harrison - Newark | Newark Avenue , Route 7 , County Route 508 | - | Newark and Clinton Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Elizabeth Plank Road | | Newark - Elizabeth | NJ 27 | - | Newark and Elizabethtown Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Morris Turnpike | | Newark - South Orange - Morristown | County Route 510 | - | Newark and Mount Pleasant Turnpike | | Newark - West Orange - Dover | Route 10 | - | Newark and Pompton Turnpike | | Newark - Bloomfield - Montclair - Singac - Riverdale ; Montclair - Caldwell - Pine Brook | County Route 506 Spur , County Route 506 , Route 23 , Newark Pompton Turnpike ; County Route 506 | - | New Brunswick and Cranbury Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Cranbury - Cranbury Station | | - | New Brunswick and Middleburgh Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Egypt and Manchester Turnpike | | | | - | New Germantown Turnpike | | North Branch - Lamington - Oldwick - Long Valley | County Route 665 , County Route 517 | - | New Jersey Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Bound Brook - Somerville - Lebanon - Clinton - Bloomsbury - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania | County Route 527 , Route 28 , U.S. Route 22 , Route 122 | - | New Milford Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Providence Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | North Hudson Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean Beach and Squan River Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean City and Beesley 's Point Turnpike | | | | - | Parsippany and Rockaway Turnpike | | Pine Brook - Parsippany - Denville - Rockaway - Wharton | U.S. Route 46 , Main Street , Mount Pleasant Avenue | - | Passaic Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Passaic and Hackensack Ferry and Road | | | | - | Paterson and Hamburg Turnpike | | Passaic - Paterson - Riverdale - Bloomingdale - Hamburg - Sussex - Montague - Pennsylvania | Main Avenue , Main Street , Broadway , Hamburg Turnpike , Route 23 , Libertyville Road , Deckertown Turnpike | - | Paterson and New Antrim Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New Prospect Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New York Plank Road | | Paterson - Passaic - Wallington - East Rutherford - Secaucus - Hoboken | Main Street , Main Avenue , Paterson Avenue , Route 120 , Paterson Plank Road | - | Peapack Plank Road | | | | - | Perrineville and Monroe Turnpike | | | | - | Perrineville and Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | County Route 1 | - | Perth Amboy Turnpike | | Perth Amboy - Metuchen - Piscataway | New Brunswick Avenue , County Route 501 | - | Pittstown and Barnsboro Turnpike | | | | - | Pittstown and Bridgeton Turnpike | | | | - | Pleasantville and Atlantic Turnpike or Plank Road | | Pleasantville - Atlantic City | Old Turnpike , Turnpike Road | - | Pochuck Turnpike | | Hamburg - Glenwood - New York | Route 94 , County Route 517 | - | Pompton and Paterson Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth and Millville Turnpike | | Port Elizabeth - Millville | Route 47 | - | Port Monmouth and Middletown Plank Road | | Port Monmouth - New Monmouth - Middletown | | - | Princeton and Kingston Branch Turnpike | | Trenton - Princeton - Kingston | County Route 583 , Route 27 | - | Princeton and West Windsor Plank or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ramapo and Weehawken Plank Road | | | | - | Raritan and Delaware Plank Road | | | | - | Red Bank and Eatontown Turnpike | | | Broad Street , County Route 11 , Route 35 | - | Red Bank and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Tinton Falls Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Woodbury Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ringwood and Long Pond Turnpike | | Ringwood - Greenwood Lake - New York | County Route 511 , Warwick Turnpike | - | Robertsville and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | | County Route 3 | - | Salem and Woodstown Turnpike | | | | - | Schooley 's Mountain Turnpike | | | | - | Sea Isle City Turnpike | | | | - | Shiloh Turnpike | | | | - | Shrewsbury Plank Road | | | | - | Shrewsbury Turnpike | | Red Bank - Shrewsbury - Eatontown | Route 35 | - | Smithville and Blue Ball Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | Smithville and Clarksburgh Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | South River and Freehold Plank Road | | | | - | Spotswood and Matchaponix Turnpike | | | | - | Spotswood and Old Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Springfield and Newark Turnpike | | Springfield - Irvington - Newark | Route 124 , Springfield Avenue | - | Spruce Run Turnpike | | Clinton - Hampton - Washington - Oxford | Route 31 | - | Squankum and Point Pleasant | | | | - | Stockton and Newton Turnpike | | | | - | Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | | - | Texas Mills and Spotswood Turnpike | | | | - | Tinton Falls Turnpike | | Colts Neck - Tinton Falls - Eatontown | County Route 537 | - | Toms River and Forked River Turnpike | | - | Trenton and Allentown Turnpike | | Trenton - Mercerville - Hamilton Square - Robbinsville - Allentown | NJ 33 , CR 526 | - | Trenton and Ewing Turnpike | | | | - | Trenton and New Brunswick Turnpike | | Trenton - New Brunswick | U.S. Route 1 , Route 26 | - | Union Turnpike | | Morristown - Morris Plains - Dover - Sparta - Branchville - Culver 's Gap - Montague - Pennsylvania | U.S. Route 202 , Mountain Way , Route 10 , Salem Street , Route 15 , Route 181 , Route 15 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Union Turnpike | North Bergen , NJ - connecting - Bergen Turnpike - Paterson Plank Road | | Union Turnpike | - | Upper Freehold and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Upper Pittsgrove and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Vernon Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vernon and Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vincentown and Mount Holly Turnpike | | | | - | Vincentown and Tabernacle Turnpike | | Vincentown - Tabernacle | | - | Washington Turnpike | | Morristown - Mendham - Chester - Schooley 's Mountain - Washington - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania ; Schooley 's Mountain - Hackettstown | County Route 510 , County Route 513 , County Route 517 , Pleasant Grove Road , Penwell Road , Route 57 ; County Route 517 | - | Washington and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Water Gap Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Weehawken Turnpike | | | | - | Westfield and Camden Turnpike | | Camden - Burlington | Westfield Avenue , U.S. Route 130 | - | West Hoboken Roadway | | | | - | Westville and Glassborough Turnpike | | | | - | White Horse Turnpike | | Camden - Stratford | U.S. Route 30 | - | Williamstown and Camden Road | | | | - | Williamstown and Good Intent Turnpike | | | | - | Winslow Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbridge Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Woodbridge - Rahway ; Woodbridge - Carteret - New York -LRB- Richmond Turnpike via ferry -RRB- | County Route 514 ; Port Reading Avenue | - | Woodbridge and Blazing Star Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Camden Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Cross Keys Turnpike | | Woodbury - Cross Keys | Egg Harbor Road | - | Woodmancy and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Woodstown and Pennsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Zinc Mines Plank Road | | | | -RCB- ", "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey -LRB- PANYNJ -RRB- is a joint venture between the U.S. states of New York and New Jersey , established in 1921 through an interstate compact authorized by the United States Congress . The Port Authority oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure , including bridges , tunnels , airports , and seaports , within the geographical jurisdiction of the Port of New York and New Jersey . This 1,500 mi2 port district is generally encompassed within a 25 mi radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument . The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center and is a member of the Real Estate Board of New York . The Port Authority operates the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , which handled the third-largest volume of shipping among all ports in the United States in 2004 and the largest on the Eastern Seaboard . The Port Authority also operates Hudson River crossings , including the Holland Tunnel , Lincoln Tunnel , and George Washington Bridge connecting New Jersey with Manhattan , and three crossings that connect New Jersey with Staten Island . The Port Authority Bus Terminal and the PATH rail system are also run by the Port Authority , as well as LaGuardia Airport , John F. Kennedy International Airport , Newark Liberty International Airport , Teterboro Airport , Stewart International Airport and Atlantic City International Airport . The agency has its own 1,600-member Port Authority Police Department . ", "The Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike was a turnpike road in southern New York in the United States . It ran from Newburgh on the Hudson River west to Cochecton on the Delaware River , where travelers could continue west through Pennsylvania on the Cochecton and Great Bend Turnpike toward Binghamton . The road operated as a toll road from 1810 to 1872 . It is now mostly maintained by the state , carrying New York State Route 17K -LRB- NY 17K -RRB- from Newburgh to Bloomingburg and NY 17B from Monticello to Fosterdale . Between Bloomingburg and Monticello , the turnpike has been bypassed by the Quickway -LRB- NY 17 -RRB- , and is now maintained by Sullivan County ; similarly , the route west of Fosterdale to Cochecton is County Route 114 -LRB- CR 114 -RRB- . Across the Delaware River , Pennsylvania Route 371 -LRB- PA 371 -RRB- leads west from the Cochecton -- Damascus Bridge . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Oscar_Isaac", "Inside_Llewyn_Davis", "Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor", "Poe_Dameron", "Noboru_Kaneko" ]

[ "Oscar Isaac -LRB- born Óscar Isaac Hernández Estrada ; March 9 , 1979 -RRB- is a Guatemalan-American actor and musician . He is known for his lead film roles in the comedy-drama Inside Llewyn Davis -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination , the crime drama A Most Violent Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and the science fiction thriller Ex Machina -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , in which he played Nathan Hamlet Bateman . In 2006 , he portrayed Saint Joseph , husband of Mary , in The Nativity Story . He also portrayed José Ramos-Horta , former president of East Timor , in the Australian film Balibo for which he won the AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . He has portrayed characters of many different nationalities and ethnicities , such as mixed European , Egyptian , Polish , English , French , Mexican , East Timorese , Italian , Welsh , Indonesian , Greek , Cuban , Israeli , and Armenian . He appeared in Star Wars : The Force Awakens -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , as X-wing pilot Poe Dameron , and in X-Men : Apocalypse -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , as the titular mutant supervillain Apocalypse . He also headlined the HBO miniseries Show Me a Hero , as politician Nick Wasicsko in 2015 , which earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Miniseries or Television Film . In 2016 , Time named Isaac one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list . He also played the lead role of Mikael Boghosian in The Promise -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , a film based on the Armenian Genocide . ", "Inside Llewyn Davis -LSB- ˈluː.ɪn deɪvɪs -RSB- is a 2013 American black comedy drama film written , directed , produced , and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen . Set in 1961 , the film follows one week in the life of Llewyn Davis , played by Oscar Isaac , a folk singer struggling to achieve musical success while keeping his life in order . It co-stars Carey Mulligan , John Goodman , Garrett Hedlund , F. Murray Abraham , and Justin Timberlake . Although Davis is a fictional character , the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk . Most of the folk songs performed in the film are sung in full and recorded live . T Bone Burnett was the executive music producer . The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival , where it screened on May 19 , 2013 . The film received a limited release in the United States on December 6 , 2013 , and was given a wide release on January 10 , 2014 . The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards -LRB- Best Cinematography and Best Sound Mixing -RRB- and for three Golden Globe Awards : Best Motion Picture -- Comedy or Musical , Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy -LRB- Oscar Isaac -RRB- , and Best Original Song . Inside Llewyn Davis has been highly acclaimed , and was voted the 11th best film of the 21st century by 177 critics in a 2016 BBC Culture poll . ", "The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences -LRB- AMPAS -RRB- . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry . The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy . In the first three years of the awards , actors were nominated as the best in their categories . At that time , all of their work during the qualifying period -LRB- as many as three films , in some cases -RRB- was listed after the award . However , during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930 , only one of those films was cited in each winner 's final award , even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots . The following year , this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a specific performance in a single film . Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937 , the category was officially limited to five nominations per year . Since its inception , the award has been given to 79 actors . Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars . Spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions , more than any other actor . As of the 2017 ceremony , Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in this category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea . ", "Poe Dameron is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise . Introduced in the 2015 film Star Wars : The Force Awakens , he is portrayed by Oscar Isaac . Poe is an X-wing fighter pilot for the Resistance who inadvertently brings renegade stormtrooper Finn -LRB- John Boyega -RRB- and Jakku scavenger Rey -LRB- Daisy Ridley -RRB- into the fight against -- and eventually a victory over -- the sinister First Order . He is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising as well as an eponymous comic book series , and will appear in the film 's forthcoming sequel , Star Wars : The Last Jedi . Isaac and the character have received positive reviews , with Poe being compared to the characterization of Han Solo -LRB- Harrison Ford -RRB- in the original Star Wars film trilogy . ", "is a Japanese actor who is affiliated with Oscar Promotion . He graduated from the Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science University High School and then from the Department of Architecture in the Faculty of Engineering of the Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Pakistan", "List_of_members_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan_-LRB-1962–65-RRB-", "Pakistan_International", "Algeria–Pakistan_relations", "Pakistan_Movement" ]

[ "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "The 3rd Parliament of Pakistan was the unicameral legislature of Pakistan formed after the 4 years of Martial Law . There were 156 seats of members of Parliament , including 78 from East Bengal and 78 from West Pakistan . ", "The Pakistan International is a squash tournament that takes place in Islamabad . ", "Algeria -- Pakistan relations are warm and cordial . Pakistan was one of the first countries to recognize the Provisional Government of Algerian Republic and its Mission was opened in Karachi , the then capital of Pakistan in 1958 . Both sides have convergence of views on issues of international importance . Both countries have also been supporting each other in various multilateral forums including UN , OIC and NAM . Algeria has an embassy in Islamabad and Pakistan has an embassy in Algiers . ", "The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -- -RRB- was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British Indian Empire . The movement progressed within India alongside the Indian independence movement , but the Pakistan Movement sought to establish a new nation-state that protected the religious identity and political interests of Muslims in South Asia . The first organised political movements were in Aligarh where another literary movement was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that built the genesis of the Pakistan movement . An educational convention held in 1906 with joint efforts of Syed Ahmad Khan and Vikar-ul-Haq , the Muslim reformers took the movement to the political stage in the form of establishing the mainstream and then newly formed All-India Muslim League -LRB- AIML -RRB- , with prominent moderate leaders seeking to protect the basic rights of Muslims in the British Raj . During the initial stages of the movement , it adopted the vision of philosopher Iqbal after addressing at the convention of the AIML 's annual session . Muhammad Ali Jinnah 's constitutional struggle further helped gaining public support for the movement in the four provinces . Urdu poets such as Iqbal and Faiz used literature , poetry and speech as a powerful tool for political awareness . Feminists such as Sheila Pant and Fatima Jinnah championed the emancipation of Pakistan 's women and their participation in national politics . The Pakistan Movement was led by a large and diversified group of people whose struggle ultimately resulted in the British Empire announcing the Indian Independence Act 1947 , which created the independent dominions of India and Pakistan . The Pakistan Movement was the result of a series of social , political , and intellectual transformations in Pakistani society , government , and ways of thinking . Efforts and struggles of the Founding Fathers resulted in the creation of the democratic and independent government . In the following years , another nationally -- minded subset went on to established a strong government , followed by the military intervention in 1958 . Grievousness and unbalanced economic distribution caused an upheaval which led East Pakistan to declare independence as the People 's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971 . After a strong concessions and consents reached in 1973 , the new Constitution established a relatively strong government , institutions , national courts , a legislature that represented both states in the Senate and population in the National Assembly . Pakistan 's phase shift to republicanism , and the gradually increasing democracy , caused an upheaval of traditional social hierarchy and gave birth to the ethic that has formed a core of political values in Pakistan . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Simi_Valley,_California", "San_Jose,_California", "Golden_Valley,_Nevada", "Mojave_County,_California", "San_Francisco_Bay_Area" ]

[ "The city of Simi Valley -LRB- from the Chumash word , Shimiyi -RRB- , in the eponymous valley , is in the southeast corner of Ventura County , California , United States . 30 mi from Downtown Los Angeles , Simi Valley is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area . The city sits next to Thousand Oaks , Moorpark , and Los Angeles . The city 's 2014 population has been estimated at 126,871 , up from 111,351 in 2000 . The city of Simi Valley is surrounded by the Santa Susana Mountain range and the Simi Hills , west of the San Fernando Valley , and northeast of the Conejo Valley . It is largely a commuter bedroom community , feeding the cities in the Los Angeles area and the San Fernando Valley to the east , and cities in Ventura County to the west . The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library , where the former president was buried in 2004 , is in Simi Valley . Simi Valley has been ranked twice as the 18th most conservative city in the United States ; once by The Bay Area Center For Voting Research and also by GovPro.com . The Reagan Library has hosted Republican primary debates , last in 2012 , and the first primary debates in 2016 . A study done by the University of Vermont ranked Simi Valley as the fifth-happiest city in the United States . According to crime statistics by the FBI in 2013 , Simi Valley is the seventh-safest city in the U.S. with a population of 100,000 or more . The U.S. Census Bureau of 2012 reported a median household income of $ 87,894 , which is higher than the California median of $ 70,231 and the national average of $ 62,527 . ", "San Jose -LRB- -LSB- ˌsæn_hoʊˈzeɪ -RSB- , Spanish for `` Saint Joseph '' ; -LSB- saŋ xoˈse -RSB- -RRB- , officially the City of San José , is the economic , cultural , and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California . With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908 , it is the third most populous city in California -LRB- after Los Angeles and San Diego -RRB- and the tenth most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles -LRB- 466.109 km2 -RRB- . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . Before the arrival of the Spanish , the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people . San Jose was founded on November 29 , 1777 , as the Pueblo of San José de Guadalupe , the first civilian town founded in Spanish Alta California . When California gained statehood in 1850 , San Jose became the state 's first capital . Following World War II , San Jose experienced an economic boom , with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 60s . The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from an agricultural center to an urbanized metropolitan area . Results of the 1990 U.S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California . By the 1990s , San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries . San Jose is considered to be a global city , notable for its affluence and high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname `` Capital of Silicon Valley '' . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world -LRB- after Zurich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway -RRB- , according to the Brookings Institution . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Brocade , Samsung , Acer , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley . ", "Golden Valley is a census-designated place -LRB- CDP -RRB- in Washoe County , Nevada , United States . The population was 1,556 at the 2010 census . It is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno -- Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area . Prior to 2010 it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as part of the Lemmon Valley -- Golden Valley CDP . ", "Mojave County was a proposal in the 1980s that would have split the northern and eastern 90 % of San Bernardino County , currently the largest county in area in the contiguous United States , from the more urbanized southwestern 10 % . Proponents of the measure argued that their region was far too removed from the county seat at San Bernardino and that they were distinct in many ways from the Inland Empire . Areas included in the proposed county would have included the cities of Victorville , Barstow , and the isolated community of Needles along the Colorado River , a community closer to Las Vegas than to its county seat . The proposal would have left the remainder of San Bernardino County confined the area of the lower southwestern , more populous part of the county . The measure was ultimately defeated . ", "The San Francisco Bay Area -LRB- referred to locally as the Bay Area -RRB- is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California . The region encompasses the major cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose , San Francisco , and Oakland , along with smaller urban and rural areas . The Bay Area 's nine counties are Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Francisco , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , and Sonoma . Home to approximately 7.68 million people , the nine-county Bay Area contains many cities , towns , airports , and associated regional , state , and national parks , connected by a network of roads , highways , railroads , bridges , tunnels and commuter rail . The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California -LRB- after the Greater Los Angeles area -RRB- , the fifth-largest in the United States , and the 43rd-largest urban area in the world . The Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States , and is known for its natural beauty , liberal politics , entrepreneurship , and diversity . The area ranks second in highest density of college graduates , and performs above the state median household income in the 2010 census ; it includes the five highest California counties by per capita income and two of the top 25 wealthiest counties in the United States . Based on a 2013 population report from the California Department of Finance , the Bay Area is the only region in California where the rate of people migrating in from other areas in the United States is greater than the rate of those leaving the region , led by Alameda and Contra Costa counties . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "An_Education", "Hochschule_für_Musik_und_Theater_Hamburg", "Bachelor_of_Vocational_Education", "Make-up_Designory", "Taipei_Physical_Education_College" ]

[ "An Education is a 2009 coming-of-age drama film based on a memoir of the same name by British journalist Lynn Barber . The film was directed by Lone Scherfig from a screenplay by Nick Hornby . It stars Carey Mulligan as Jenny , a bright schoolgirl , and Peter Sarsgaard as David , the charming con man who seduces her . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards in 2010 : Best Picture and Writing -LRB- Adapted Screenplay -RRB- for Nick Hornby , and Best Actress for Carey Mulligan . An Education premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival . It screened on 10 September 2009 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was featured at the Telluride by the Sea Film Festival in Portsmouth , New Hampshire , US , on 19 September 2009 . The film was shown on 9 October 2009 , at the Mill Valley Film Festival . It was released in the US on 16 October 2009 and in the UK on 30 October 2009 . ", "The Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg is one of the larger universities of music in Germany . It was founded 1950 as Staatliche Hochschule für Musik -LRB- Public university of music -RRB- on the base of the former private acting school of Annemarie Marks-Rocke and Eduard Marks . Studies include various music types from church music over Jazz to pop music , composition , conducting , instrumental music as well as voice . The theatre academy offers courses in drama and opera and directing in these fields . A third academy offers scientific and educational degrees of study -LRB- musicology , music education and therapy -RRB- . The university is located in the prestigious Budge-Palais in Hamburg Rotherbaum at the Außenalster , close to the city centre . ", "Bachelor of Vocational Education -LRB- B.V.E. , BVE , or BVEd -RRB- is a specialized undergraduate bachelor 's degree which qualifies the graduate as a vocational teacher in public schools or trainer for private companies . Some universities offer a Bachelor of Vocational Education and Training , or a Bachelor of Career and Technical Education degree , which are basically equivalent to a BVE . Further , many universities have specific vocational education bachelor 's degrees to prepare agricultural , business , computer , health occupations , marketing , and industrial arts teachers as well as degrees for Adult and Continuing Education . ", "Make-up Designory , popularly known as MUD , is a private post secondary institution that provides training every year to hundreds of students from around the world to work in fashion , film , and television . Specialties include beauty make-up artistry , hairstyling , wardrobe , character make-up and special make-up effects . The school has three locations , one in Los Angeles -LRB- founded in 1997 -RRB- , one in New York City -LRB- founded in 2005 -RRB- and one in Overland Park , Kansas -LRB- founded in 2016 -RRB- . In addition , the school has its own cosmetics line , with retailers and distributors in the United States , United Kingdom , Spain , Japan , Australia , West Africa , Mexico , Guam , and the Dominican Republic . The school has been referred to as `` the Harvard of make-up schools '' . ", "The Taipei Physical Education College was a municipal college on Dunhua North Road , in Songshan District , Taipei , Taiwan . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Selma_to_Montgomery_marches", "James_Karales", "United_States_v._Reese", "Albert_J._Lingo", "Selma_Cloverleafs" ]

[ "The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches , held in 1965 , along the 54-mile -LRB- 87 km -RRB- highway from Selma , Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery . The marches were organized by nonviolent activists to demonstrate the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote , in defiance of segregationist repression , and were part of a broader voting rights movement underway in Selma and throughout the American South . By highlighting racial injustice , they contributed to passage that year of the Voting Rights Act , a landmark federal achievement of the Civil Rights Movement . Southern state legislatures had passed and maintained a series of discriminatory requirements and practices that had disenfranchised most of the millions of African Americans across the South throughout the 20th century . The African-American group known as the Dallas County Voters League -LRB- DCVL -RRB- launched a voters registration campaign in Selma in 1963 . Joined by organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -LRB- SNCC -RRB- , they began working that year in a renewed effort to register black voters . Finding resistance by white officials to be intractable , even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal segregation , the DCVL invited Rev. Martin Luther King , Jr. and the activists of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference -LRB- SCLC -RRB- to join them . SCLC brought many prominent civil rights and civic leaders to Selma in January 1965 . Local and regional protests began , with 3,000 people arrested by the end of February . According to Joseph A. Califano Jr. , who served as head of domestic affairs for U.S. President Lyndon Johnson between the years 1965 and 1969 , the President viewed King as an essential partner in getting the Voting Rights Act enacted . Califano , whom the President also assigned to monitor the final march to Montgomery , noted that Johnson and King talked by telephone on January 15 to plan a strategy for drawing attention to the injustice of using literacy tests and other barriers to stop black Southerners from voting and that King later informed the President on February 9 of his decision to use Selma to achieve this objective . On February 26 , 1965 , activist and deacon Jimmie Lee Jackson died after being mortally shot several days earlier by a state trooper , James Bonard Fowler , during a peaceful march in nearby Marion , Alabama . To defuse and refocus the community 's outrage , SCLC Director of Direct Action James Bevel , who was directing SCLC 's Selma voting rights movement , called for a march of dramatic length , from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery . Bevel had been working on his Alabama Project for voting rights since late 1963 . The first march took place on March 7 , 1965 , organized locally by Bevel , Amelia Boynton , and others . State troopers and county possemen attacked the unarmed marchers with billy clubs and tear gas after they passed over the county line , and the event became known as Bloody Sunday . Law enforcement beat Boynton unconscious , and the media publicized worldwide a picture of her lying wounded on the Edmund Pettus Bridge . The second march took place March 10 . Troopers , police , and marchers confronted each other at the county end of the bridge , but when the troopers stepped aside to let them pass , King led the marchers back to the church . He was obeying a federal injunction while seeking protection from federal court for the march . That night , a white group beat and murdered civil rights activist James Reeb , a Unitarian Universalist minister from Boston , who had come to Selma to march with the second group . Many other clergy and sympathizers from across the country also gathered for the second march . The violence of the `` Bloody Sunday '' and of Reeb 's death led to a national outcry and some acts of civil disobedience , targeting both the Alabama and federal governments . The protesters demanded protection for the Selma marchers and a new federal voting rights law to enable African Americans to register and vote without harassment . President Lyndon Johnson , whose administration had been working on a voting rights law , held a historic , nationally televised joint session of Congress on March 15 to ask for the bill 's introduction and passage . With Governor Wallace refusing to protect the marchers , President Johnson committed to do so . The third march started March 21 . Protected by 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under federal command , and many FBI agents and Federal Marshals , the marchers averaged 10 miles -LRB- 16 km -RRB- a day along U.S. Route 80 , known in Alabama as the `` Jefferson Davis Highway '' . The marchers arrived in Montgomery on March 24 and at the Alabama State Capitol on March 25 . With thousands having joined the campaign , 25,000 people entered the capital city that day in support of voting rights . The route is memorialized as the `` Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail , '' and is designated as a U.S. National Historic Trail . ", "James H. Karales -LRB- July 15 , 1930 , Canton , Ohio -- April 1 , 2002 , Croton-on-Hudson , N.Y. -RRB- was a photographer and photo-essayist best known for his work with Look magazine from 1960 to 1971 . At Look he covered the Civil Rights Movement throughout its duration , taking many of the movements memorable photographs , including those of the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -LRB- SNCC -RRB- and of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his family . Karales 's single best known image is the iconic photograph of the Selma to Montgomery march showing people proudly marching along the highway under a cloudy turbulent sky . ", "United States v. Reese , , was a voting rights case in which the United States Supreme Court narrowly construed the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution , which provides that suffrage for citizens can not be restricted due to race , color or the individual having previously been a slave . This was the Supreme Court 's first voting rights case under the Fifteenth Amendment and the Enforcement Act of 1870 . A Kentucky electoral official had refused to register an African‐American 's vote in a municipal election and was indicted under two sections of the 1870 act : section 2 required that administrative preliminaries to elections be conducted without regard to race , color , or previous condition of servitude ; section 3 forbade wrongful refusal to register votes where a prerequisite step `` required as foresaid '' had been omitted . The Court held that the Fifteenth Amendment did not confer the right of suffrage , but it prohibited exclusion from voting on racial grounds . The justices invalidated the operative section 3 of the Enforcement Act since it did not repeat the amendment 's words about race , color , and servitude . They ruled that the section exceeded the scope of the Fifteenth Amendment . ", "Colonel Albert J. Lingo , also known as Al Lingo -LRB- January 22 , 1910 - August 19 , 1969 -RRB- was a career Alabama Highway Patrolman who served as Director of the Alabama Department of Public Safety from 1963 to 1965 , including the turbulent early 1960s years marked by marches and demonstrations that characterized the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. South . Lingo 's service under Alabama governor George Wallace with regard to the Selma to Montgomery marches has been characterized in a negative light , though Lingo himself disputed that characterization , stating that he was following orders from the governor as required by his oath of office and that he originally wanted to allow the marchers to continue their march . He resigned as director effective October 1 , 1965 , and later ran for election to be sheriff of Jefferson County , Alabama ; he died at age 59 on August 17 , 1969 . ", "The Selma Cloverleafs were a baseball team based in Selma , Alabama . The original Cloverleafs played in the Southeastern League and Alabama -- Florida League at various times between 1928 -- 1962 . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Shannon_Lee", "List_of_works_by_Lee_Kelly", "Kristin_Espinasse", "May_Wynn", "Sophie_Guillemin" ]

[ "Shannon Emery Lee -LRB- born April 19 , 1969 -RRB- is an American actress , martial artist and businesswoman . She is the daughter of martial arts film star Bruce Lee and Linda Lee Cadwell , the granddaughter of Cantonese opera singer Lee Hoi-Chuen , and the younger sister of Brandon Lee . ", "Lee Kelly is an American artist . ", "Kristin Espinasse -LRB- 22 December 1968 -RRB- is an American-born author and photographer . She is the author of the book Words in a French Life : Lessons in Love and Language from the South of France . She is also the creator and editor of the thrice-weekly French Word-a-Day weblog and its accompanying newsletter . She also publishes cinema verite , a weekly photography showcase that features photographs from France and other countries . Her most recent book , French Word-A-Day Summer 2009 Stories , was published on December 1 , 2009 . ", "Donna Lee Hickey , better known as May Wynn , -LRB- born January 8 , 1928 -RRB- is an American dancer , singer , and actress . ", "Sophie Guillemin -LRB- born 1 December 1977 -RRB- is a French actress . She has appeared in such films as L'Ennui , Harry , He 's Here to Help and Un chat un chat , A la folie , pas du tout . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Google_Search", "Google_Talk", "Web_browser", "Google", "Speak" ]

[ "Google Search , commonly referred to as Google Web Search or simply Google , is a web search engine developed by Google . It is the most-used search engine on the World Wide Web , handling more than three billion searches each day . , it is the most used search engine in the US with 64.0 % market share . The order of search on Google 's search-results pages is based , in part , on a priority rank called a `` PageRank '' . Google Search provides many different options for customized search , using Boolean operators such as exclusion -LRB- '' - xx '' -RRB- , alternatives -LRB- `` xx OR yy OR zz '' -RRB- , and wildcards -LRB- `` Winston * Churchill '' returns `` Winston Churchill '' , `` Winston Spencer Churchill '' , etc. -RRB- . The same and other options can be specified in a different way on an Advanced Search page . The main purpose of Google Search is to hunt for text in publicly accessible documents offered by web servers , as opposed to other data , such as images or data contained in databases . It was originally developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1997 . Google Search provides several features beyond searching for words . These include synonyms , weather forecasts , time zones , stock quotes , maps , earthquake data , movie showtimes , airports , home listings , and sports scores . There are special features for numbers , dates , and some specific forms , including ranges , prices , temperatures , money and measurement unit conversions , calculations , package tracking , patents , area codes , and language translation . In June 2011 Google introduced `` Google Voice Search '' to search for spoken , rather than typed , words . In May 2012 Google introduced a Knowledge Graph semantic search feature in the U.S. Analysis of the frequency of search terms may indicate economic , social and health trends . Data about the frequency of use of search terms on Google can be openly inquired via Google Trends and have been shown to correlate with flu outbreaks and unemployment levels , and provide the information faster than traditional reporting methods and surveys . As of mid-2016 , Google 's search engine has begun to rely on these deep neural networks . In October 2016 , Gary Illyes , a webmaster trends analyst with Google , announced that the search engine will be making a new , primary web index dedicated for mobile , with a secondary , less up-to-date index for desktop use . The change is a response from the continued growth in mobile , and a push for web developers to adopt a mobile-friendly version of their websites . Illyes stated the change will happen in `` months '' . Competitors of Google include Baidu and Soso.com in China ; Naver.com and Daum.net in South Korea ; Yandex in Russia ; Seznam.cz in the Czech Republic ; Yahoo in Japan , Taiwan and the US , as well as Bing and DuckDuckGo . Some smaller search engines offer facilities not available with Google , e.g. not storing any private or tracking information ; one such search engine is Ixquick . ", "Google Talk -LRB- also known as Google Chat -RRB- is an instant messaging service that provides both text and voice communication . The instant messaging service is colloquially known as `` Gchat , '' `` Gtalk '' , or `` Gmessage '' to its users , although Google does not endorse those names . Google Talk was also the name of the client applications previously offered by Google to use the service . Google Talk applications were available for Microsoft Windows , Android , BlackBerry , and Chrome OS operating systems . A Google Talk mobile web app had also been previously available . In February 2015 , the Windows client was discontinued and ceased to work , with Google recommending users to use Google Hangouts instead . Users of Windows client were instructed to migrate to the Google Hangouts app on the Chrome browser platform . It remained possible to connect to Google Talk with compatible third-party apps such as Pidgin and Gajim . Google dropped support for XMPP federation in May 2014 , meaning that they will no longer support communicating with other XMPP servers . However , users can still chat with other non-Google Talk users using third-party XMPP clients such as Adium and Pidgin . Google Talk will be discontinued on June 26 , 2017 . ", "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products . These include online advertising technologies , search , cloud computing , software , and hardware . Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University , in California . Together , they own about 14 percent of its shares , and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock . They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4 , 1998 . An initial public offering -LRB- IPO -RRB- took place on August 19 , 2004 , and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View , California , nicknamed the Googleplex . In August 2015 , Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. . Google , Alphabet 's leading subsidiary , will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet 's Internet interests . Upon completion of the restructure , Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google , replacing Larry Page , who became CEO of Alphabet . Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products , acquisitions , and partnerships beyond Google 's core search engine -LRB- Google Search -RRB- . It offers services designed for work and productivity -LRB- Google Docs , Sheets and Slides -RRB- , email -LRB- Gmail/Inbox -RRB- , scheduling and time management -LRB- Google Calendar -RRB- , cloud storage -LRB- Google Drive -RRB- , social networking -LRB- Google + -RRB- , instant messaging and video chat -LRB- Google Allo/Duo/Hangouts -RRB- , language translation -LRB- Google Translate -RRB- , mapping and turn-by-turn navigation -LRB- Google Maps -RRB- , video sharing -LRB- YouTube -RRB- , notetaking -LRB- Google Keep -RRB- , and photo organizing and editing -LRB- Google Photos -RRB- . The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system , the Google Chrome web browser , and Chrome OS , a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser . Google has moved increasingly into hardware ; from 2010 to 2015 , it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices , and in October 2016 , it released multiple hardware products -LRB- including the Google Pixel smartphone , Home smart speaker , Wifi mesh wireless router , and Daydream View virtual reality headset -RRB- . The new hardware chief , Rick Osterloh , stated : `` a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience '' . Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier . In February 2010 , it announced Google Fiber , a fiber-optic infrastructure that was installed in Kansas City ; in April 2015 , it launched Project Fi in the United States , combining Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different providers ; and in 2016 , it announced the Google Station initiative to make public Wi-Fi around the world , which had already been deployed in India . Alexa , a company that monitors commercial web traffic , lists Google.com as the most visited website in the world . Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites , including YouTube and Blogger . Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world for 4 consecutive years , but has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns , tax avoidance , antitrust , censorship , and search neutrality . Google 's mission statement , from the outset , was `` to organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful '' , and its unofficial slogan was `` Do n't be evil '' . In October 2015 , the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase `` Do the right thing '' . ", "Speak may refer to : Speech , the vocal form of human communication " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Compact_-LRB-newspaper-RRB-", "Broadsheet", "The_Sunday_Times", "2006–07_United_States_network_television_schedule_-LRB-weekday-RRB-", "Times_New_Roman" ]

[ "A compact newspaper is a broadsheet-quality newspaper printed in a tabloid format -LRB- slightly taller -RRB- , especially one in the United Kingdom . The term as used for this size -LRB- not to be confused with 108 × 171 mm or 4.25 × 6.75 inches paper sizes -RRB- came into its current use when The Independent began producing a smaller format edition for London 's commuters , designed to be easier to read when using mass transit . Readers from other parts of the country liked the new format , with the result that The Independent introduced it nationally . The Times and The Scotsman copied the format as The Independent increased sales . All three newspapers are now printed exclusively in compact format following trial periods during which both broadsheet and compact version were produced simultaneously . The term `` compact '' was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail when that newspaper went tabloid , although the Mail now calls itself a tabloid . It is often used to differentiate newspapers with more traditional content from those with a flamboyant or salacious publishing style , even though they may share the same size . The functional opposite of compact is red top , as the nameplates of British sensationalist tabloids tend to be red . ", "A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages -LRB- typically 22 in -RRB- . The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a single sheet , sold on the streets and containing various types of material , from ballads to political satire . The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien , Duytslandt , & c. published in 1618 . Other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats . ", "The Sunday Times is the largest-selling British national newspaper in the `` quality press '' market category . It is published by Times Newspapers Ltd , a subsidiary of News UK , which is in turn owned by News Corp. . Times Newspapers also publishes The Times . The two papers were founded independently and have been under common ownership only since 1966 . They were bought by News International in 1981 . The Sunday Times occupies a dominant position in the quality Sunday market ; its circulation of just under one million equals that of its main rivals , The Sunday Telegraph and The Observer , combined . While some other national newspapers moved to a tabloid format in the early 2000s , The Sunday Times has retained the larger broadsheet format and has said that it will continue to do so . It sells more than twice as many copies as its sister paper , The Times , which is published Monday to Saturday . The Sunday Times has acquired a reputation for the strength of its investigative reporting -- much of it by its award-winning Insight team -- and also for its wide-ranging foreign coverage . It has a number of popular writers , columnists and commentators including Jeremy Clarkson and Bryan Appleyard . A. A. Gill was a prominent columnist for many years . It was Britain 's first multi-section newspaper and remains substantially larger than its rivals . A typical edition contains the equivalent of 450 to 500 tabloid pages . Besides the main news section , it has standalone News Review , Business , Sport , Money and Appointments sections -- all broadsheet . There are three magazines -LRB- The Sunday Times Magazine , Culture , and Style -RRB- and two tabloid supplements -LRB- Travel and Home -RRB- . It has a website and separate digital editions configured for both the iOS operating system for the Apple iPad and the Android operating system for such devices as the Google Nexus , all of which offer video clips , extra features and multimedia and other material not found in the printed version of the newspaper . The paper publishes The Sunday Times Rich List , an annual survey of the wealthiest people in Britain and Ireland , equivalent to the Forbes 400 list in the United States , and a series of league tables with reviews of private British companies , in particular The Sunday Times Fast Track 100 . The paper also produces an annual league table of the best-performing state and independent schools at both junior and senior level across the United Kingdom , entitled Parent Power -LRB- with additional information available online -RRB- , and an annual league table of British universities and a similar one for Irish universities . It publishes The Sunday Times Bestseller List of books in Britain , and a list of the `` 100 Best Companies to Work For '' , focusing on UK companies . It also organises The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival , held annually , and The Sunday Times Festival of Education , which takes place every year at Wellington College . ", "All the 3 major commercial networks , along with The CW , aired the following Daytime Monday -- Friday Schedules for each calendar season beginning in September 2006 . All Times are in Eastern ; affiliate schedules may differ . Talk shows are highlighted in yellow , local programming is white , reruns of prime-time programming are orange , game shows are pink , soap operas are chartreuse , news programs are gold and all others are light blue . New series are highlighted in bold . ", "Times New Roman is a serif typeface commissioned by the British newspaper The Times in 1931 and designed by Stanley Morison , an advisor to the British branch of the printing equipment company Monotype , in collaboration with Victor Lardent , an artist in the Times ' advertising department . Although no longer used by The Times , Times New Roman is still very common in book and general printing . Through distribution as a standard computer font , it has become one of the most widely used typefaces in history . Times New Roman 's creation took place through the influence of Stanley Morison of Monotype . Morison was an artistic director at Monotype , historian of printing and informal adviser to The Times , who recommended that they change typeface from the spindly and somewhat dated nineteenth-century Didone typeface previously used to a more robust , solid design , returning to traditions of printing from the eighteenth century and before . This matched a common trend in printing of the period . Morison proposed an older Monotype typeface named Plantin as a basis for the design , but revisions were made to increase legibility and economy of space . In particular , contrast between strokes was enhanced to give a crisper image . The new font was drawn by Victor Lardent , an artist from the advertising department of The Times , with Morison consulting , before refinement by the Monotype drawing office . The new design made its debut in The Times on 3 October 1932 . After one year , the design was released for commercial sale . The Times stayed with Times New Roman for 40 years , but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch typeface five times from 1972 to 2007 . However , all the new fonts have been variants of the original New Roman typeface . In commercial sale , Times New Roman became extremely successful , becoming Monotype 's best-selling typeface of all in metal type . Although Morison may not have literally drawn the design , his influence on its concept was sufficient that he felt that he could take credit for it as `` my one effort at designing a font '' . In Times New Roman 's name , Roman is a reference to the regular style of a conventional serif font , or what is called its roman , the first part of the Times New Roman family to be designed . -LRB- The style is called Antiqua in some countries . -RRB- Roman type has some roots in Italian -LRB- and other European -RRB- printing of the late 15th and early 16th centuries , but Times New Roman 's design has no connection to Rome or to the Romans . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 0, 2 ]

[ "2017_Premier_League_Asia_Trophy", "Premier_League_Asia_Trophy", "2011_IIHF_Challenge_Cup_of_Asia", "2014_IIHF_Challenge_Cup_of_Asia", "GCC_Champions_League" ]

[ "The 2017 Premier League Asia Trophy is the eighth edition of the Premier League Asia Trophy . Crystal Palace , Liverpool , Leicester City and West Bromwich Albion competed for the Premier League Asia Trophy . It wiil be held in Hong Kong at the Hong Kong Stadium from 19 -- 22 July 2017 . It is the first edition with four premier league teams to compete and therefore not feature a side from the host country . ", "The Premier League Asia Trophy -LRB- formerly the FA Premier League Asia Cup -RRB- is a pre-season association football friendly tournament held biennial in Asia . The two-day competition was inaugurated in 2003 and is `` the only Premier League-affiliated competition '' to be hosted outside England . It has taken place every other summer since then in order to avoid conflicting with the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship . For sponsorship purposes , it is referred to as the Barclays Asia Trophy . The competition features three clubs that are members of the Premier League at the time , as well as a local team from the host country . It employs a knockout system in which the winners of the first matches advance to the final , while the losing teams take part in a third place playoff . The tournament format will be partly modified for the 2017 edition , with no local team participating after the withdrawal of Shanghai SIPG . A fourth Premier League club -- Crystal Palace -- agreed to take their place at the last-minute having avoided relegation , marking the first time the tournament has featured teams solely from the Premier League . Chelsea won the inaugural tournament in 2003 , and finished victorious in another in 2011 . Five other sides have won the Premier League Asia Trophy : Bolton Wanderers in 2005 , Portsmouth in 2007 , Tottenham Hotspur in 2009 , Manchester City in 2013 , and Arsenal in 2015 . Chelsea , Tottenham , Man City , Everton , and South China are the most regular participants , having each contested the tournament on two occasions . Thailand 's under-23 national team are the only local Asian side to advance to the finals of the contest . Hong Kong has hosted the tournament three times , more than any other city . ", "The 2011 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia was the 4th IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia , an annual international ice hockey tournament held by the International Ice Hockey Federation -LRB- IIHF -RRB- . It took place between April 25 and April 30 , 2011 in Kuwait City , Kuwait . Last years winner , Chinese Taipei did not field a team to defend their title . The tournament was won by Hong Kong , who claimed their first title after winning all five of their games . ", "The 2014 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia was the 7th IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia , an annual international ice hockey tournament held by the International Ice Hockey Federation -LRB- IIHF -RRB- . It took place between 16 and 22 March 2014 in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . ", "The GCC Champions League , formerly known as the Gulf Cup for Clubs , is an annually organized football league tournament for clubs of the Arabian peninsula . The tournament was first organized in 1982 and is currently in its 31st edition . Although having much popularity in its initial first decades , the tournament faced decline as the Asian Champions League and AFC Cup forced many Gulf clubs to be unable to participate in the competition . On June 26 , 2016 it was announced to be a yearly tournament by the host country in the summer alongside the newly founded Gulf Cup winners Cup starting in the 2017 GCC Champions League " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Internet_access", "Internet", "Network_Access_Device", "Fermat_project", "Internet_in_Indonesia" ]

[ "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite -LRB- TCP/IP -RRB- to link devices worldwide . It is a network of networks that consists of private , public , academic , business , and government networks of local to global scope , linked by a broad array of electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services , such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web -LRB- WWW -RRB- , electronic mail , telephony , and file sharing . The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust , fault-tolerant communication via computer networks . The primary precursor network , the ARPANET , initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s . The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s , as well as private funding for other commercial extensions , led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies , and the merger of many networks . The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet , and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional , personal , and mobile computers were connected to the network . Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s , the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life . Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world . In the two decades since then , Internet use has grown 100-times , measured for the period of one year , to over one third of the world population . Most traditional communications media , including telephony , radio , television , paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet , giving birth to new services such as email , Internet telephony , Internet television , online music , digital newspapers , and video streaming websites . Newspaper , book , and other print publishing are adapting to website technology , or are reshaped into blogging , web feeds and online news aggregators . The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums , and social networking . Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs , as it enables firms to extend their `` brick and mortar '' presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online . Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries . The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage ; each constituent network sets its own policies . Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet , the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System -LRB- DNS -RRB- , are directed by a maintainer organization , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -LRB- ICANN -RRB- . The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force -LRB- IETF -RRB- , a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise . ", "A Network Access Device -LRB- or NAD -RRB- is an electronic circuit that automatically connects a user to a preferred network . More generally , a NAD is any device that , when connected to , provides access to a larger communication network of some sort . Within the telecommunication industry , a NAD will be connected to a user 's telephone . When the user dials a number , the NAD will ` listen ' to the dialled digits and reroute the call through a network that will provide the best rates for the destination of the call . The NAD is often referred to as a dialler , predictive dialler or least cost routing dialler . When used in broadband a NAD -LRB- Network Access Device -RRB- is a term to describe all the subscriber equipment required to make a connection to a wide area network -LRB- WAN -RRB- from a local area network -LRB- LAN -RRB- . The NAD normally includes a router , modem and a monitored power supply . Most NAD 's have the ability to report power failures and automatically reconnect themselves back to the network when disconnected . In residential and business networks , Network Access Devices that are commonly seen include Wireless Access Points and Ethernet switches . Category : Network access ", "Fermat is a collaborative , open-source technology project advocating for a free , secure , decentralized and disintermediated information space in which people 's interests are placed ahead of those of corporations , states and unnecessary third parties in general . Fermat leads the development of the Internet of People -LRB- IoP -RRB- , a technology infrastructure consisting of interconnected peer-to-peer networks hosting people 's profiles , reputation and identity information . The Internet of People allows the discovery of both known and unknown people and , ultimately , enables direct device-to-device communication over the Internet and direct person-to-person interactions via person-to-person applications . The Internet of People incorporates blockchain-based native tokens , IoPs , as incentive for operators running IoP software . The Internet of People is meant to enable the person-to-person economy , a potentially disruptive innovation resulting from disintermediation in which people hold direct control and ownership of their data , digital footprint and purchasing power . ", "The Internet is a relatively new communication medium in Indonesia , an archipelago that includes more than 17,001 islands . Several Internet access services are available in Indonesia , ranging from fiber optic , ADSL to mobile Internet . Telephone line-based service was among the first Internet access services in Indonesia with PT Telkom as the main player who controlled most fixed-line telephone networks . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gotham_City_Sirens", "Gotham_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "List_of_Gotham_episodes", "Heroes_Rise-COLON-_How_the_Riddler_Got_His_Name", "Siren_-LRB-magazine-RRB-" ]

[ "Gotham City Sirens is an American comic book series was written by Paul Dini with art by Guillem March and published by DC Comics . The term Gotham City Sirens refers to three of the most popular female characters that inhabit Gotham City , which include Catwoman , Harley Quinn , and Poison Ivy . The first issue of the series was released in June , 2009 , as a part of the Batman : Reborn relaunch in all of DC 's Batman titles . Warner Bros. is developing a film with the same title , although it has not been announced if the film will be based on the comic book series . ", "Gotham is an American crime drama television series developed by Bruno Heller , based on characters published by DC Comics and appearing in the Batman franchise , primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne . The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon , while Heller executive-produces , along with Danny Cannon , who also directed the pilot . Originally the series would have related only Gordon 's early days on the Gotham City Police Department , but the series subsequently included the Wayne character and the origin stories of several Batman villains , including Penguin , Riddler , Catwoman , Poison Ivy , Two-Face , Scarecrow , Mr. Freeze , and Hugo Strange . Gotham premiered on Fox on September 22 , 2014 . In March 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on September 19 , 2016 . In May 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season . ", "Gotham is an American crime-drama television series developed by Bruno Heller , based on characters appearing in and published by DC Comics in their Batman franchise , primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne . The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon , while Heller executive produces along with Danny Cannon , who also directed the pilot . As originally conceived , the series would have served as a straightforward story of Gordon 's early days on the Gotham City police force . Gotham was renewed for a third season in March 2016 , which premiered on September 19 , 2016 . ", "`` Heroes Rise : How the Riddler Got His Name '' is the fifteenth episode and spring premiere of the third season , and 59th episode overall from the Fox series Gotham . The show is itself based on the characters created by DC Comics set in the Batman mythology . It 's also the first episode with the subtitle `` Heroes Rise '' . The episode was written by Megan Mostyn-Brown and directed by TJ Scott . It was first broadcast on April 24 , 2017 . In the episode , following shooting Cobblepot and dropping his body in the Gotham Harbor , Nygma begins to question what path he will take next , having remembered his words that without Cobblepot , he wo n't be anything else . Nygma decides that he will need something or someone to acknowledge who he really is and begins committing crimes that are related to his riddle games in order to find his true purpose : a real enemy . Meanwhile , Bruce continues his training while Gordon talks with his Uncle Frank for information regarding his father 's death and his role in the Court of Owls . The episode received mostly positive reviews , with critics praising the character development and Smith 's performance . ", "Siren was a bimonthly Canadian magazine , published in Toronto , Ontario for the city 's lesbian community . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gotham_City_Sirens", "Gotham_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "List_of_Gotham_episodes", "Heroes_Rise-COLON-_How_the_Riddler_Got_His_Name", "Siren_-LRB-magazine-RRB-" ]

[ "Gotham City Sirens is an American comic book series was written by Paul Dini with art by Guillem March and published by DC Comics . The term Gotham City Sirens refers to three of the most popular female characters that inhabit Gotham City , which include Catwoman , Harley Quinn , and Poison Ivy . The first issue of the series was released in June , 2009 , as a part of the Batman : Reborn relaunch in all of DC 's Batman titles . Warner Bros. is developing a film with the same title , although it has not been announced if the film will be based on the comic book series . ", "Gotham is an American crime drama television series developed by Bruno Heller , based on characters published by DC Comics and appearing in the Batman franchise , primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne . The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon , while Heller executive-produces , along with Danny Cannon , who also directed the pilot . Originally the series would have related only Gordon 's early days on the Gotham City Police Department , but the series subsequently included the Wayne character and the origin stories of several Batman villains , including Penguin , Riddler , Catwoman , Poison Ivy , Two-Face , Scarecrow , Mr. Freeze , and Hugo Strange . Gotham premiered on Fox on September 22 , 2014 . In March 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on September 19 , 2016 . In May 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season . ", "Gotham is an American crime-drama television series developed by Bruno Heller , based on characters appearing in and published by DC Comics in their Batman franchise , primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne . The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon , while Heller executive produces along with Danny Cannon , who also directed the pilot . As originally conceived , the series would have served as a straightforward story of Gordon 's early days on the Gotham City police force . Gotham was renewed for a third season in March 2016 , which premiered on September 19 , 2016 . ", "`` Heroes Rise : How the Riddler Got His Name '' is the fifteenth episode and spring premiere of the third season , and 59th episode overall from the Fox series Gotham . The show is itself based on the characters created by DC Comics set in the Batman mythology . It 's also the first episode with the subtitle `` Heroes Rise '' . The episode was written by Megan Mostyn-Brown and directed by TJ Scott . It was first broadcast on April 24 , 2017 . In the episode , following shooting Cobblepot and dropping his body in the Gotham Harbor , Nygma begins to question what path he will take next , having remembered his words that without Cobblepot , he wo n't be anything else . Nygma decides that he will need something or someone to acknowledge who he really is and begins committing crimes that are related to his riddle games in order to find his true purpose : a real enemy . Meanwhile , Bruce continues his training while Gordon talks with his Uncle Frank for information regarding his father 's death and his role in the Court of Owls . The episode received mostly positive reviews , with critics praising the character development and Smith 's performance . ", "Siren was a bimonthly Canadian magazine , published in Toronto , Ontario for the city 's lesbian community . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Shape_of_You", "Shape_of_Things_to_Come", "Devil_You_Know_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Size2shoes_-LRB-album-RRB-", "I_Will_Be_There_for_You" ]

[ "`` Shape of You '' is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran . It was released as a digital download on 6 January 2017 as one of the double lead singles from his third studio album ÷ -LRB- 2017 -RRB- , along with `` Castle on the Hill '' . The dancehall-infused pop song was written and produced by Ed Sheeran and Steve Mac , along with additional writing contributions from Johnny McDaid , Kandi Burruss , Tameka `` Tiny '' Cottle , and Kevin `` She ` kspere '' Briggs . `` Shape of You '' peaked at number-one on the singles charts of 30 different countries , including the US Billboard Hot 100 , as well as the UK , Australian and Canadian singles charts . It has stayed at number one for 16 consecutive weeks on the Canadian Hot 100 tied for the record , and 14 non-consecutive weeks on the UK Singles Chart , and 12 non-consecutive weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 . ", "Shape of Things to Come may refer to : ", "`` Devil You Know '' is a single by New Zealand band DD Smash . It was released in 1982 and appeared on the album Cool Bananas . It reached No. 35 on the New Zealand charts . ", "size2shoes is the début music album by Irish band size2shoes . The album was recorded and mixed by Smalltone artist Kieran Lynch -LRB- U2 , Elvis Costello , Declan O'Rourke , Iarla Ó Lionáird -RRB- , and was recorded at Dromore Studios in County Tipperary in Ireland . The album was also mastered at the Windmill Lane studios in Dublin . ", "`` I Will Be There for You '' is a debut song recorded by American country music artist Jessica Andrews . It was released in February 1999 as the first single from the album Heart Shaped World . The song reached # 28 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart . The song was written by Tom Shapiro , Josh Leo and Rick Bowles . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Giver_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Deal_of_a_Lifetime", "Prompt_Payment_and_Stealing_a_Ride", "Comedy-drama", "The_Paper_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "The Giver is a 2014 American social science fiction film directed by Phillip Noyce and starring Jeff Bridges , Brenton Thwaites , Odeya Rush , Meryl Streep , Alexander Skarsgård , Katie Holmes and Cameron Monaghan . The film is based on the 1993 novel of the same name by Lois Lowry . The Giver premiered on August 11 , 2014 and was released theatrically in the United States on August 15 , 2014 and grossed $ 67 million on a $ 25 million budget . It received a People 's Choice Award nomination for Favorite Dramatic Movie . ", "Deal of a Lifetime is a 1999 US romantic comedy film starring Shiri Appleby , Michael A. Goorjian , and Kevin Pollak . The film centers on the main character Henry Spooner -LRB- played by Michael A. Goorjian -RRB- , the school nerd who has a crush on Laurie , the prettiest , most popular girl in his high school . After a conversation with his friend he mutters under his breath that he would sell his soul to the Devil to go out with Laurie . From that point on , he gets his wish to date Laurie , but things do n't go according to plan . Part of the soundtrack includes the song `` Let Yourself Go '' , which was written and performed by L.A. musician Paul Delph for his final album A God That Can Dance . The song is included in the final scene . ", "Prompt Payment and Stealing a Ride are two 1911 American silent short comedy films produced by the Thanhouser Company . Prompt Payment focuses on a lawyer who evades his creditors , dons a disguise and plays against them in a game of poker . After winning a large sum of money from them , he excuses himself and returns to pay them with their own money . Stealing a Ride is listed as a comedy , but has a clear dramatic element . Susie and Johnnie are out sledding when Susie 's parents are about to go out for a sleigh drive . The children ask to come along , but are refused . The children hitch their sleds to the back of the sleigh and follow along , only to fall off and get lost in the woods . The parents later track them down and bring them home . Both films were released together on a single reel on January 27 , 1911 and were met with praise by critics . Both films are presumed lost . ", "Comedy-drama , occasionally known as dramedy -LRB- portmanteau of words drama and comedy -RRB- , is a subgenre in contemporary forms of tragicomedy , especially in television , that combines elements of comedy and drama . ", "The Paper is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton , Glenn Close , Marisa Tomei , Randy Quaid and Robert Duvall . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for `` Make Up Your Mind '' , which was written and performed by Randy Newman . The film depicts a hectic 24 hours in a newspaper editor 's professional and personal life . The main story of the day is the murder of a couple of visiting businessmen . The reporters discover evidence suggesting a police cover-up of evidence of the suspects ' innocence , and rush to scoop the story in the midst of professional , private and financial chaos . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Nymphomaniac_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Class_of_Nuke_'Em_High_3-COLON-_The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Subhumanoid", "The_Ninth_Cloud", "Xeelee_Sequence", "Back_to_the_Future_-LRB-franchise-RRB-" ]

[ "Nymphomaniac -LRB- stylised onscreen and in advertising as NYMPH MANIAC -RRB- is a European 2013 two-part drama art film written and directed by Lars von Trier . The film stars Charlotte Gainsbourg , Stellan Skarsgård , Stacy Martin , Shia LaBeouf , Christian Slater , Jamie Bell , Uma Thurman , Willem Dafoe and Connie Nielsen . The film was originally supposed to be only one complete entry ; but , because of its multiple hour length , von Trier made the decision to split the project into two separate films . Nymphomaniac was an international co-production of Denmark , Belgium , France , and Germany . The world premiere of the uncut version of `` Volume I '' of the original five-and-half-hour-long version occurred on 16 February 2014 at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival . The world premiere of the uncut version of `` Volume II '' debuted at 2014 's Venice Film Festival . A `` secret '' advance screening of Part I occurred at the Sundance Film Festival on 21 January 2014 , at the Egyptian Theater with tickets distributed bearing the film title `` Film X '' amidst rumors the film could either be von Trier 's film , or Wes Anderson 's The Grand Budapest Hotel . The general release world premiere of the complete 5 1/2 hours Director 's Cut took place in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 10 September 2014 . The film was nominated for the 2014 Nordic Council Film Prize . Nymphomaniac is the third and final installment in von Trier 's unofficially titled `` Depression Trilogy '' , having been preceded by Antichrist and Melancholia . ", "Class of Nuke 'Em High Part 3 : The Good , the Bad and the Subhumanoid -LRB- credited onscreen as The Good , the Bad and the Subhumanoid : Class of Nuke 'Em High Part 3 -RRB- is a 1994 American science-fiction horror comedy film directed by Eric Louzil and distributed by Troma Entertainment . It is the third installment of the Class of Nuke 'Em High film series . ", "The Ninth Cloud -LRB- also known under the working titles Bob 's Not Gay , Men Do n't Lie , and Cloud Nine -RRB- is an 2014 independent comedy-drama film directed by Jane Spencer . The film stars Megan Maczko as Zena , a dreamy young woman that falls in love with an American expatriate . ", "The Xeelee Sequence -LRB- -LSB- ˈziːliː -RSB- -RRB- is a series of hard science fiction space opera novels , novellas , and short stories written by British science fiction author Stephen Baxter . The series spans billions of years of fictional history , centering on humanity 's future expansion into the universe , its cosmos-spanning war with an enigmatic and supremely powerful Type IV alien civilization called the Xeelee , and the Xeelee 's own war with dark matter entities called Photino Birds . The series features many other species and civilizations that play a prominent role , including the Squeem -LRB- a species of group mind aquatics -RRB- , the Qax -LRB- beings whose biology is based on the complex interactions of convection cells -RRB- , and the Silver Ghosts -LRB- symbiotic organisms encased in reflective shells -RRB- . Several stories in the Sequence also deal with humans and posthumans living in extreme conditions , such as at the heart of a neutron star -LRB- Flux -RRB- , in a separate universe with considerably stronger gravity -LRB- Raft -RRB- , and within eusocial hive societies -LRB- Coalescent -RRB- . The Xeelee Sequence treats ideas stemming from the fringe of theoretical physics and futurology , such as exotic-matter physics , naked singularities , closed timelike curves , multiple universes , hyperadvanced computing and artificial intelligence , faster-than-light travel , and the upper echelons of the Kardashev scale . Thematically , the series deals heavily with certain existential and social philosophical issues , such as striving for survival and relevance in a harsh and unknowable universe and the effects of war and militarism on society . As of September 2015 , the series is composed of seven novels and 52 short pieces -LRB- short stories and novellas -RRB- , all of which fit into a single fictional timeline stretching from the Big Bang singularity of the past to the eventual heat death of the universe and Timelike Infinity singularity of the future . An omnibus edition of the first four Xeelee novels -LRB- Raft , Timelike Infinity , Flux , and Ring -RRB- , entitled Xeelee : An Omnibus , was released in January 2010 . In August 2016 , the entire series of all novels and stories -LRB- up to that date -RRB- was released as one volume in e-book format entitled Xeelee Sequence : The Complete Series . Baxter 's Destiny 's Children series is part of the Xeelee Sequence . ", "The Back to the Future franchise is an American science fiction -- comedy film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis , produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg 's Amblin Entertainment , and distributed by Universal Pictures . The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student , Marty McFly -LRB- Michael J. Fox -RRB- , and an eccentric scientist , Dr. Emmett L. Brown -LRB- Christopher Lloyd -RRB- , as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley , California . The first film was the highest-grossing film of 1985 and became an international phenomenon , leading to the second and third films , which were back-to-back film productions , released in 1989 and 1990 , respectively . Though the sequels did not perform quite as well at the box office as the first film , the trilogy remains immensely popular after 30 years and has yielded such spinoffs as an animated television series and a motion-simulation ride at the Universal Studios Theme Parks in Universal City , California ; Orlando , Florida ; and Osaka , Japan -LRB- now closed -RRB- , as well as a Microsoft Windows , Macintosh , iPad , PS3 , and Wii video game . The film 's visual effects were done by Industrial Light and Magic . The trilogy was nominated for five Academy Awards all together , winning one -LRB- Best Sound Editing -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 2, 1 ]

[ "Boeing_767", "Boeing_787_Dreamliner", "Airbus_A380", "Boeing_X-48", "Solar_MS-1" ]

[ "The Boeing 767 is a mid - to large-size , long-range , wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . It was Boeing 's first wide-body twinjet and its first airliner with a two-crew glass cockpit . The aircraft has two turbofan engines , a conventional tail , and , for reduced aerodynamic drag , a supercritical wing design . Designed as a smaller wide-body airliner than earlier aircraft such as the 747 , the 767 has seating capacity for 181 to 375 people , and a design range of 3850 to , depending on variant . Development of the 767 occurred in tandem with a narrow-body twinjet , the 757 , resulting in shared design features which allow pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft . The 767 is produced in three fuselage lengths . The original 767-200 entered service in 1982 , followed by the 767-300 in 1986 and the 767-400ER , an extended-range -LRB- ER -RRB- variant , in 2000 . The extended-range 767-200ER and 767-300ER models entered service in 1984 and 1988 , respectively , while a production freighter version , the 767-300F , debuted in 1995 . Conversion programs have modified passenger 767-200 and 767-300 series aircraft for cargo use , while military derivatives include the E-767 surveillance aircraft , the KC-767 and KC-46 aerial tankers , and VIP transports . Engines featured on the 767 include the General Electric CF6 , Pratt & Whitney JT9D and PW4000 , and Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans . United Airlines first placed the 767 in commercial service in 1982 . The aircraft was initially flown on domestic and transcontinental routes , during which it demonstrated the reliability of its twinjet design . In 1985 , the 767 became the first twin-engined airliner to receive regulatory approval for extended overseas flights . The aircraft was then used to expand non-stop service on medium - to long-haul intercontinental routes . In 1986 , Boeing initiated studies for a higher-capacity 767 , ultimately leading to the development of the 777 , a larger wide-body twinjet . In the 1990s , the 767 became the most frequently used airliner for transatlantic flights between North America and Europe . The 767 is the first twinjet wide-body type to reach 1,000 aircraft delivered . As of April 2017 , Boeing has received 1,204 orders for the 767 from 74 customers ; 1,098 have been delivered . A total of 742 of these aircraft were in service in July 2016 ; the most popular variant is the 767-300ER , with 583 delivered ; Delta Air Lines is the largest operator , with 91 aircraft . Competitors have included the Airbus A300 , A310 , and A330-200 , while a successor , the 787 Dreamliner , entered service in October 2011 . Despite this , the 767 still remains in production . ", "The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul , mid-size widebody , twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating configurations . It is a pioneering airliner with the use of composite materials as the primary material in the construction of its airframe . The 787 was designed to be 20 % more fuel efficient than the Boeing 767 , which it was intended to replace . The 787 Dreamliner 's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight systems , raked wingtips , and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles . It shares a common type rating with the larger Boeing 777 to allow qualified pilots to operate both models . The aircraft 's initial designation was the 7E7 , prior to its renaming in January 2005 . The first 787 was unveiled in a roll-out ceremony on July 8 , 2007 at Boeing 's Everett factory . Development and production of the 787 has involved a large-scale collaboration with numerous suppliers worldwide . Final assembly takes place at the Boeing Everett Factory in Everett , Washington , and at the Boeing South Carolina factory in North Charleston , South Carolina . Originally planned to enter service in May 2008 , the project experienced multiple delays . The airliner 's maiden flight took place on December 15 , 2009 , and completed flight testing in mid-2011 . Boeing has reportedly spent $ 32 billion on the 787 program . Final US Federal Aviation Administration -LRB- FAA -RRB- and European Aviation Safety Agency -LRB- EASA -RRB- type certification was received in August 2011 and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 . It entered commercial service on October 26 , 2011 with launch customer All Nippon Airways . The stretched 787-9 variant , which is 20 ft longer and can fly 450 nmi farther than the -8 , first flew in September 2013 . Deliveries of the 787-9 began in July 2014 ; it entered commercial service on August 7 , 2014 with All Nippon Airways , with 787-9 launch customer Air New Zealand following two days later . As of April 2017 , the 787 had orders for 1,213 aircraft from 64 customers , with All Nippon Airways having the largest number on order . The aircraft has suffered from several in-service problems , including fires on board related to its lithium-ion batteries . These systems were reviewed by both the FAA and the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau . The FAA issued a directive in January 2013 that grounded all 787s in the US and other civil aviation authorities followed suit . After Boeing completed tests on a revised battery design , the FAA approved the revised design and lifted the grounding in April 2013 ; the 787 returned to passenger service later that month . ", "The Airbus A380 is a double-deck , wide-body , four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer Airbus . It is the world 's largest passenger airliner , and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it . It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing 's monopoly in the large-aircraft market . The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines . The A380 's upper deck extends along the entire length of the fuselage , with a width equivalent to a wide-body aircraft . This gives the A380-800 's cabin 550 m2 of usable floor space , 40 % more than the next largest airliner , the Boeing 747-8 , and provides seating for 525 people in a typical three-class configuration or up to 853 people in an all-economy class configuration . The A380-800 has a design range of 15700 km , serving the second - and third-longest non-stop scheduled flights in the world -LRB- as of February 2017 -RRB- , and a cruising speed of Mach 0.85 -LRB- about 900 km/h , 560 mph or 490 kt at cruising altitude -RRB- . , Airbus had received 317 firm orders and delivered 210 aircraft ; Emirates is the biggest A380 customer with 142 ordered of which 94 have been delivered . ", "The Boeing X-48 is an American experimental unmanned aerial vehicle -LRB- UAV -RRB- built to investigate the characteristics of blended wing body -LRB- BWB -RRB- aircraft , a type of flying wing . Boeing designed the X-48 and two examples were built by Cranfield Aerospace in the UK . Boeing began flight testing the X-48B version for NASA in 2007 . The X-48B was later modified into the X-48C version , which was flight tested from August 2012 to April 2013 . Boeing and NASA plan to develop a larger BWB demonstrator . ", "__ NOTOC __ The Solar MS-1 was a prototype airliner built in the United States in 1930 . It was a sesquiplane design , its wings braced to each other with warren truss-style struts . The stubby lower wings carried the divided main units of the fixed undercarriage . The fuselage was of rectangular cross-section and featured a fully enclosed flight deck and passenger cabin . The tail was of conventional design with strut-braced stabilizers and carrying a fixed tailwheel . Construction was of metal throughout , and the aircraft was powered by a single radial engine in the nose . The MS-1 , registered X258V , flew for the first time on 21 January 1930 with Doug Kelly at the controls . Kelly described it as `` one of the finest closed planes I have ever flown '' , and Charles Lindbergh also praised the MS-2 when he flew it a few days later . Despite this , airlines did not order the type , although Northwest Airways considered buying ten examples . Solar made the prototype available for charter types for a while , but in 1931 sold it to an operator in Mexico who used it to transport coffee beans . On the Mexican register as XB-AFK , the MS-1 was destroyed in a crash in 1936 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Joni_Mitchell", "The_Bad_Guys", "Beverley_Craven_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Just_the_Same", "Outbound_-LRB-Béla_Fleck_and_the_Flecktones_album-RRB-" ]

[ "Roberta Joan `` Joni '' Mitchell , CC -LRB- née Anderson ; born November 7 , 1943 -RRB- is a Canadian singer-songwriter and painter . Rolling Stone called her `` one of the greatest songwriters ever '' , and AllMusic has stated , `` When the dust settles , Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century '' . Drawing from folk , pop , rock and jazz , Mitchell 's songs often reflect social and environmental ideals as well as her feelings about romance , confusion , disillusionment and joy . Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan and western Canada before busking in the streets and shoddy nightclubs of Toronto . In 1965 , she moved to the United States and began touring . Some of her original songs -LRB- `` Urge for Going '' , `` Chelsea Morning '' , `` Both Sides , Now '' , `` The Circle Game '' -RRB- were covered by folk singers , allowing her to sign with Reprise Records and record her debut album in 1968 . Settling in Southern California , Mitchell , with popular songs like `` Big Yellow Taxi '' and `` Woodstock '' , helped define an era and a generation . Her 1971 recording Blue was rated the 30th best album ever made in Rolling Stone 's list of the `` 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' , the highest entry by a female artist . Mitchell switched labels and began moving toward jazz rhythms by way of lush pop textures on 1974 's Court and Spark , her best-selling LP , featuring the radio hits `` Help Me '' and `` Free Man in Paris '' . Around 1975 her vocal range began to shift from mezzo-soprano to more of a wide-ranging contralto . Her distinctive piano and open-tuned guitar compositions also grew more harmonically and rhythmically complex as she explored jazz , melding it with influences of rock and roll , R&B , classical music , and non-western beats . In the late 1970s , she began working closely with noted jazz musicians , among them Jaco Pastorius , Wayne Shorter , Herbie Hancock , Pat Metheny , and Charles Mingus , who asked her to collaborate on his final recordings . She turned again toward pop , embraced electronic music , and engaged in political protest . She is the sole producer credited on most of her albums , including all her work in the 1970s . A blunt critic of the music industry , she quit touring and released her 17th , and reportedly last , album of original songs in 2007 . With roots in visual art , Mitchell designed her own album covers . She describes herself as a `` painter derailed by circumstance '' . ", "The Bad Guys is an album by American jazz saxophonist Roscoe Mitchell and The Note Factory , which was recorded live in 2000 at the Jazz by the Sea Festival in Fano and released on the Italian Around Jazz label . ", "Beverley Craven is the debut album by British singer Beverley Craven . It was released in July 1990 . The album was fully written by Craven herself . Craven signed to Epic Records in 1988 , and initially recorded the album with American producer Stewart Levine -LRB- of Simply Red fame -RRB- . The initial results , however , were not of Craven 's liking and , with the agreement of her label , she restarted from scratch working with Paul Samwell-Smith , who eventually produced the whole album . Levine 's production of her songs were eventually released as b-sides to some of her singles , under the label `` West Coast Version '' . Released in July 1990 , the album was initially a flop in the UK , with its singles and the album failing to reach the charts . She found however some success around continental Europe in 1990 and toured there to support the release . Craven made her first UK tour in early 1991 , which was successful . In April 1991 , the original lead single `` Promise Me '' was re-released , and this time it was heavily promoted . Appearances on British TV led to exposure of the single and it eventually peaked at # 3 in the UK in May 1991 , becoming her biggest hit . On the back of the success of the single , the album re-entered the charts -LRB- it had previously charted at # 53 in March 1991 -RRB- , and peaked at # 3 in the UK . It spent almost a whole year in the UK charts . Craven 's appearance in the 1992 Brit Awards -LRB- where she won the Best Newcomer award -RRB- , propelled the album back into the UK top ten , at # 7 . The album eventually went double platinum in the UK and sold over 1.2 million copies worldwide . ", "Just the Same is the second studio album by Canadian country music singer Terri Clark . It was released in late 1996 on Mercury Records . In the U.S. , this album produced the singles `` Poor Poor Pitiful Me '' -LRB- a cover of a Warren Zevon song which was also a Top 40 pop hit for Linda Ronstadt -RRB- , `` Emotional Girl '' , and the title track , which respectively reached # 5 , # 10 and # 49 on the country charts . In Canada , the first two singles were both # 1 on the country charts , while the title track was a # 16 . The fourth single , `` Something in the Water '' , reached # 39 in Canada , but did not chart in the U.S. . The album was certified platinum by the RIAA . ", "Outbound is the eighth album by Béla Fleck and the Flecktones , released in 2000 . It is the band 's first album on the Sony/Columbia label . The album won Best Contemporary Jazz Album at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards . Special guests include Jon Anderson , Adrian Belew , Sandip Burman , Shawn Colvin and Edgar Meyer . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Peru_at_the_Olympics", "Miss_Perú_1972", "Peruvian_civil_war_of_1867", "Group_of_15", "Miss_Perú_1952" ]

[ "Peru has officially participated in 17 Summer Olympic Games and 2 Winter Olympic Games . They did not send any athletes to the 1952 Summer Olympics . The Peruvian Olympic Committee is the National Olympic Committee for Peru which was founded in 1924 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1936 . Peru 's first official appearance at the Olympic Games was at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin . However , prior to the creation of the Peruvian Olympic Committee in 1924 , the Peruvian Carlos de Candamo competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics in two fencing events of foil and épée . Peru 's first participation in the Winter Olympic Games occurred during the 2010 Winter Olympics . Peru has won a total of four medals , three in shooting events and one in volleyball . Their first and only gold medal to date was won by Edwin Vásquez in the 1948 Summer Olympics in the Men 's 50 metre pistol . The remaining three medals were silver . The first silver medal was won by Francisco Boza in Trap at the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Peru women 's national volleyball team won Peru 's second silver medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics , and Juan Giha won their third silver and latest medal in skeet at the 1992 Summer Olympics . ", "The Miss Perú 1972 pageant was held on April 12 , 1972 . That year , 24 candidates were competing for the national crown . The chosen winner represented Peru at the Miss Universe 1972 . The rest of the finalists would enter in different pageants . ", "The Peruvian Civil War of 1867 was the fifth internal conflict in 19th century Peru . It was caused the adoption of a new constitution to replace the previous one adopted in 1860 . Ignacio Prado , put in power as a result of the Peruvian civil war of 1865 , faced by a revolt by his former allies Canseco and Balta . On May 30 , 1867 , former president Ramon Castilla died while attempting to take advantage of the situation . ", "The Group of 15 -LRB- G-15 -RRB- is an informal forum set up to foster cooperation and provide input for other international groups , such as the World Trade Organization and the Group of Eight . It was established at the Ninth Non-Aligned Movement Summit Meeting in Belgrade , Yugoslavia , in September 1989 , and is composed of countries from Latin America , Africa , and Asia with a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity . The G-15 focuses on cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment , trade , and technology . Membership has since expanded to 18 countries , but the name has remained unchanged . Chile , Iran and Kenya have since joined the Group of 15 , whereas Yugoslavia is no longer part of the group ; Peru , a founding member-state , decided to leave the G-15 in 2011 . ", "On May 31 , 1952 , Peru received the formal invitation to participate in the 1st Miss Universe pageant , which was held on June 28 that year at the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium in Long Beach , California , USA . Immediately the National Committee made a press conference to choose candidates from different districts , cities and regions of Peru in a week . The Miss Perú 1952 pageant was held on June 7 , 1952 . That year , 17 candidates were competing for the national crown . The chosen winner represented Peru at the Miss Universe 1952 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Robinson_Crusoe_on_Mars", "Rony_Robinson", "The_Beverly_Hillbillies", "Vine_Street_-LRB-soap_opera-RRB-", "The_Way_It_Is_-LRB-programme-RRB-" ]

[ "Robinson Crusoe on Mars is a 1964 independently made American Technicolor science fiction film in Techniscope , produced by Aubrey Schenck , directed by Byron Haskin , that stars Paul Mantee , Victor Lundin , and Adam West . The film was distributed by Paramount Pictures . As the title indicates , it is a science fiction retelling of the classic novel Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe . ", "Rony Robinson -LRB- born 24 December 1940 in Sheffield -RRB- is an English writer , educationalist and Sony Award-winning BBC Radio Sheffield daytime presenter . His novels include : The Ted Carp Tradition -LRB- Hodder -RRB- , The Beano -LRB- Faber -RRB- . His plays include Snapshots -LRB- Theatre Royal , Stratford East -RRB- , Events In An Upper Room -LRB- Belgrade , Coventry and ICA -RRB- and the Sony Award-winning Last Loves on BBC Radio 4 . ", "The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox . ", "Vine Street , considered the first American TV soap opera , was first broadcast on 15 April 1938 by W6XAO as a daily 15-minute serial and was listed as a comedy/drama . The storyline involved Hollywood life on the lowest rungs of the ` ladder ' to success . The light humor drama shows the struggles to make it big in Tinsel Town . The stars were John Barkeley and Shirley Thomas , two Broadway and radio character actors , neither of whom appeared on TV again . The writers , Maurice Ashley and Wilfred Pettit , were brought in from the radio networks to experiment in this new medium . ", "The Way It Is is a topical news spoof show which ran for five series , each of eight shows , on BBC Radio 4 between 1998 and 2001 . A one-off TV version was broadcast on BBC One in 2000 . The programme is presented by fictional newsreaders Richard Richard -LRB- played by Simon Evans -RRB- and Lolly Swain -LRB- Tracy-Ann Oberman , sometimes replaced by Fiona Allen when Oberman was unavailable -RRB- . Regular characters include the hapless on-the-spot reporter James Gravadlax , who resorts to claiming `` Scenes of terrible devastation '' wherever he happens to be , Prince William fixated royal watcher Quentin Rumpleteazer , Jackie Trent , always posted outside 10 Downing Street no matter where the real story is and Finnish correspondent Pauli Hikillo who invariably replies to any question about the latest trends in Finland by shivering and saying how cold it is there , mad scientist Dr Benjamin Hardstaff who solves all problems using his trusty Sinclair ZX81 computer and many others . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Faye_Resnick", "Abdoulaye_Faye", "Faye,_Loir-et-Cher", "Tia_Lessin", "Camilla_Belle" ]

[ "Faye Denise Resnick -LRB- born July 3 , 1957 -RRB- is an American television personality , author , and interior designer . She is best known for her involvement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial and for her appearance on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills . ", "Abdoulaye Diagne-Faye -LRB- born 26 February 1978 -RRB- , known as Abdoulaye Faye , is a Senegalese former footballer who played as a defender . Faye began his career playing for ASEC Ndiambour and Jeanne d'Arc in his native Senegal before moving to French side Lens in 2002 . After spending time out on loan at Istres he attracted the attentions of Sam Allardyce who signed him for Bolton Wanderers in July 2005 . After two seasons at Bolton he followed Allardyce to Newcastle United where he spent one season before joining Stoke City in August 2008 for # 2.25 million . Faye became a popular player at the Britannia Stadium in 2008 -- 2009 as he won the player of the year and was named captain by Tony Pulis for the 2009 -- 2010 season . He lost the capacity to Ryan Shawcross for 2010 -- 2011 and then had a third spell working with Allardyce at West Ham United . Faye helped the Hammers gain promotion to the Premier League in 2011 -- 12 before joining Hull City where he was again involved in a promotion winning season in 2012 -- 13 before being released at the end of the 2013 -- 14 season . ", "Faye is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France . ", "Tia Lessin is an American documentary filmmaker . She is the director and producer , along with Carl Deal of Citizen Koch and Trouble the Water . She directed and produced Behind the Labels and co-produced of several of Michael Moore 's films including Capitalism : A Love Story , Fahrenheit 9/11 and she was the supervising producer of Bowling for Columbine . ", "Camilla Belle Routh -LRB- born October 2 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actress . Her works include The Ballad of Jack and Rose , When a Stranger Calls , 10,000 BC , The Quiet , Push , and Breakaway . She is best known for her roles as Sydney Miller in Rip Girls and Lizzy Buscana in Back to the Secret Garden . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "The_Quiet", "Quiet_Wedding_-LRB-play-RRB-", "45th_British_Academy_Film_Awards", "Aubrey_Anderson-Emmons", "Barry_Stokes_-LRB-actor-RRB-" ]

[ "The Quiet is a 2005 American drama thriller film directed by Jamie Babbit and starring Camilla Belle and Elisha Cuthbert . It focuses on a deaf-mute teenage girl , Dot -LRB- Camilla Belle -RRB- who goes to live with her godparents -LRB- played by Martin Donovan and Edie Falco -RRB- after her father dies , where she slowly learns the disturbing secrets of the family , primarily concerning their teenage daughter , Nina -LRB- Elisha Cuthbert -RRB- . The film was acquired by Destination Films , which released this film in the United States theatrically through Sony Pictures Classics on August 25 , 2006 , and marketed with the tagline : `` Is n't it time everyone hears your secrets ? '' . The film 's soundtrack features songs by Low , Cat Power , Le Tigre , and numerous Beethoven piano sonatas . Many reviewers complained that it was sleazy , exploitative and difficult to watch , and that it was too serious to be satire , yet too camp to be taken seriously . ", "Quiet Wedding is a 1938 comedy play in three acts by the British writer Esther McCracken . A young couple 's plans for their wedding are undermined by the constant interruptions of their relatives . A sequel Quiet Weekend was written in 1941 and proved to be even more successful . ", "The 45th British Film Awards , given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1992 , honoured the best films of 1991 . Alan Parker 's The Commitments won the awards for Best Film , Director , Adapted Screenplay and Editing . The Silence of the Lambs won the awards for Best Actor -LRB- Anthony Hopkins -RRB- and Actress -LRB- Jodie Foster -RRB- . It went on to win the same Academy Awards . Alan Rickman was voted Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his work in Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves . Kate Nelligan -LRB- Frankie and Johnny -RRB- won the award for Best Supporting Actress . ", "Aubrey Frances Anderson-Emmons -LRB- born June 6 , 2007 -RRB- is an American child actress , known for her role as Lily Tucker-Pritchett on ABC 's Modern Family . She was the youngest star on the red carpet at the 2012 and 2013 Primetime Emmy Awards . ", "Barry Stokes is a British actor . His film credits include : Juan Antonio Bardem 's The Corruption of Chris Miller , The Ups and Downs of a Handyman , Prey , Spaced Out , Hawk the Slayer , Rendezvous in Paris and Enemy Mine . Television appearances include : Dixon of Dock Green , Z-Cars , UFO , Space : 1999 , Survivors , The Professionals and Reilly , Ace of Spies . The Prince & the Pauper 1976 -LRB- TV Series -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Sierra_Morena", "Danilo_Moreira_Serrano", "Una_noche_sin_mañana", "Trasmiera", "Branca_de_Gonta_Colaço" ]

[ "The Sierra Morena is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain . It stretches for 450 kilometres from east to west across the south of the Iberian Peninsula , forming the southern border of the Meseta Central plateau and providing the watershed between the valleys of the Guadiana to the north and the west , and the Guadalquivir to the south . Its highest summit is 1,332 m high Bañuela . Other notable peaks are Corral de Borros 1,312 m and Cerro de la Estrella 1,298 m. The name Sierra Morena has a strong legendary reputation in Spanish culture and tradition , with myths about bandits -LRB- Los bandidos de Sierra Morena -RRB- , a giant snake -LRB- El Saetón de Sierra Morena -RRB- and a child brought up by wolves -LRB- Marcos Rodríguez Pantoja -RRB- , among others . This range is also mentioned in the famous Mexican song `` Cielito Lindo '' and in one of the most well known traditional Spanish songs , `` Soy Minero '' , interpreted by Antonio Molina . ", "Danilo Moreira Serrano -LRB- born 19 August 1980 in São José -RRB- is a Brazilian footballer . ", "Una noche sin mañana -LRB- English : An evening without morning -RRB- is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and broadcast by Telesistema Mexicano in 1961 . ", "Trasmiera -LRB- Spanish : Trasmiera ; Cantabrian and historically : Tresmiera -RRB- is a historic comarca of Cantabria -LRB- Spain -RRB- , located to the east of the Miera River -LRB- tras Miera , meaning behind Miera , from the point of view of Asturias de Santillana -RRB- , reaching the western side of the Asón . It extends between the bays of Santander and Santoña , occupying most of the Eastern seaboard of Cantabria . This piece of coast is known for its cliffs and fine beaches , such as those of Langre , Loredo , Isla , Noja and Berria . Towards the interior , the comarca offers large prairies as well as considerable hotel and camping development . It is subdivided into the municipalities of Argoños , Arnuero , Bárcena de Cicero , Bareyo , Entrambasaguas , Escalante , Hazas de Cesto , Liérganes , Marina de Cudeyo , Medio Cudeyo , Meruelo , Miera , Noja , Ribamontán al Mar , Ribamontán al Monte , Riotuerto , Santoña , Solórzano and Voto . ", "Branca Eva de Gonta Syder Ribeiro Colaço -LRB- July 8 , 1880 -- March 22 , 1945 -RRB- , better known as Branca de Gonta Colaço , was a Portuguese writer , scholar and linguist . She was the daughter of British Charlotte Ann Syder and Portuguese politician and writer Tomás Ribeiro . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Sierra_Morena", "Danilo_Moreira_Serrano", "Una_noche_sin_mañana", "Trasmiera", "Branca_de_Gonta_Colaço" ]

[ "The Sierra Morena is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain . It stretches for 450 kilometres from east to west across the south of the Iberian Peninsula , forming the southern border of the Meseta Central plateau and providing the watershed between the valleys of the Guadiana to the north and the west , and the Guadalquivir to the south . Its highest summit is 1,332 m high Bañuela . Other notable peaks are Corral de Borros 1,312 m and Cerro de la Estrella 1,298 m. The name Sierra Morena has a strong legendary reputation in Spanish culture and tradition , with myths about bandits -LRB- Los bandidos de Sierra Morena -RRB- , a giant snake -LRB- El Saetón de Sierra Morena -RRB- and a child brought up by wolves -LRB- Marcos Rodríguez Pantoja -RRB- , among others . This range is also mentioned in the famous Mexican song `` Cielito Lindo '' and in one of the most well known traditional Spanish songs , `` Soy Minero '' , interpreted by Antonio Molina . ", "Danilo Moreira Serrano -LRB- born 19 August 1980 in São José -RRB- is a Brazilian footballer . ", "Una noche sin mañana -LRB- English : An evening without morning -RRB- is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and broadcast by Telesistema Mexicano in 1961 . ", "Trasmiera -LRB- Spanish : Trasmiera ; Cantabrian and historically : Tresmiera -RRB- is a historic comarca of Cantabria -LRB- Spain -RRB- , located to the east of the Miera River -LRB- tras Miera , meaning behind Miera , from the point of view of Asturias de Santillana -RRB- , reaching the western side of the Asón . It extends between the bays of Santander and Santoña , occupying most of the Eastern seaboard of Cantabria . This piece of coast is known for its cliffs and fine beaches , such as those of Langre , Loredo , Isla , Noja and Berria . Towards the interior , the comarca offers large prairies as well as considerable hotel and camping development . It is subdivided into the municipalities of Argoños , Arnuero , Bárcena de Cicero , Bareyo , Entrambasaguas , Escalante , Hazas de Cesto , Liérganes , Marina de Cudeyo , Medio Cudeyo , Meruelo , Miera , Noja , Ribamontán al Mar , Ribamontán al Monte , Riotuerto , Santoña , Solórzano and Voto . ", "Branca Eva de Gonta Syder Ribeiro Colaço -LRB- July 8 , 1880 -- March 22 , 1945 -RRB- , better known as Branca de Gonta Colaço , was a Portuguese writer , scholar and linguist . She was the daughter of British Charlotte Ann Syder and Portuguese politician and writer Tomás Ribeiro . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Alfred_P._Murrah_Federal_Building", "Creek_National_Capitol", "Executive_Tower_-LRB-Washington,_D.C.-RRB-", "Oklahoma_Natural_Gas_Company_Building", "Enid_Symphony_Center" ]

[ "The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States federal government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in Downtown Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , United States . It was the target of the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19 , 1995 9:02 am , which killed 168 people , 19 of whom were children under the age of six . Half of the building collapsed seconds after the truck bomb detonated . The remains were imploded a month after the attack , and the Oklahoma City National Memorial was built on the site . ", "Creek National Capitol , also known as Creek Council House , is a building in downtown Okmulgee , Oklahoma . It was capitol of the Muscogee -LRB- Creek -RRB- Nation nation from 1878 to 1907 , when Oklahoma became a state . In 1919 the U.S. Department of the Interior sold the building to the city of Okmulgee . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961 . The building now houses the Creek Council House Museum , with artifacts and exhibits about the history of the Muscogee -LRB- Creek -RRB- people and Native American arts and crafts . Since 2006 the Muscogee -LRB- Creek -RRB- Nation had expressed an interest in buying back the building . In August 2010 the city of Okmulgee agreed to sell the building back to the tribe for $ 3.2 million ; the sale was completed and ownership transferred in November 2010 . ", "Executive Tower -LRB- Washington , D.C. -RRB- is a high-rise skyscraper building located in the United States capital of Washington , D.C. Its construction was completed in 2001 . It rises to 153 ft , featuring 12 floors . The architect of the building was Hellmuth , Obata & Kassabaum . ", "The Oklahoma Natural Gas Company Building is a historic building in Tulsa , Oklahoma , at 624 South Boston Ave. It was one of the first local Art Deco buildings built in the new Art Deco style , along with the Public Service of Oklahoma Building . This choice by the relatively conservative utility companies made the style acceptable in the city , with many Art Deco buildings built subsequently in Tulsa . The building was designed by Frank V. Kirshner and Arthur M. Atkinson . It was built of reinforced concrete , and clad in buff brick , except for the lower two stories , which are clad in limestone . The verticalness of the building is emphasized by piers rising the entire height of the facade with windows placed between the piers . This building was spared from demolition in 1982 , when ONEOK -LRB- the successor to ONG -RRB- abandoned its plan to replace the structure with a new high-rise headquarters building . Instead , ONEOK took over a high-rise then under construction by Citgo at Fifth Street and Boulder Avenue . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 10 , 1984 , for architectural significance and as a representative of the tremendous growth Tulsa experienced during the 1920s . It is included in the Oil Capital Historic District as a contributing structure . ", "The Enid Symphony Center -LRB- also known as Enid Masonic Temple and the Knox Building -RRB- , is a historic building located in Enid , Oklahoma . It is the home of the Enid Symphony Orchestra , and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . The Italian Renaissance Revival building is also located within the Enid Downtown Historic District which became listed on the register in 2007 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "American_Civil_War", "Big_Sandy_Expedition", "Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Confederate_States", "Jonesborough_Union_order_of_battle", "Battle_of_Griswoldville" ]

[ "The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 . After a long standing controversy over slavery and state 's rights , war broke out in April 1861 , when Confederates attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina , shortly after Abraham Lincoln was elected . The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution . They faced secessionists of the Confederate States of America advocating states ' rights to perpetual slavery and its expansion in the Americas . Among the 34 U.S. states in February 1861 , seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the U.S. to form the Confederate States of America . The Confederacy grew to include eleven states ; it claimed two more border states -LRB- Kentucky and Missouri -RRB- , the Indian Territory , and the southern portions of the Union 's western territories of Arizona and New Mexico , which was organized and incorporated into the Confederacy as Confederate Arizona . The Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by the United States government , nor was it recognized by any foreign country -LRB- although Britain and France granted it belligerent status -RRB- . The states that remained loyal , including the border states where slavery was legal , were known as the Union or the North . The North and South quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over four years . During this time many innovations in warfare occurred , including the development and use of iron-clad ships , ultimately changing naval strategy around the world . The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the battle of Appomattox , which triggered a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states . Four years of intense combat left 620,000 to 750,000 soldiers dead , a higher number than the number of American military deaths in World War I and World War II combined , and much of the South 's infrastructure was destroyed . The Confederacy collapsed , slavery was abolished and 4 million slaves were freed . The Reconstruction Era -LRB- 1863 -- 1877 -RRB- overlapped and followed the war , with the process of restoring national unity , strengthening the national government , and granting civil rights to freed slaves throughout the country . The Civil War is arguably the most studied and written about episode in American history . ", "The Big Sandy Expedition was an early campaign of the American Civil War in Kentucky that began in mid-September 1861 when Union Brig. Gen. William `` Bull '' Nelson received orders to organize a new brigade at Maysville , Kentucky and conduct an expedition into the Big Sandy Valley region of Eastern Kentucky and stop the build-up of Confederate forces under Col. John S. Williams . This was done in three phases . From September 21 to October 20 , 1861 , Nelson assembled a brigade of 5,500 Union volunteers from Ohio and Kentucky . On October 23 , the southern prong secured Hazel Green and the northern prong West Liberty . The two prongs were consolidated at Salyersville -LRB- Licking Station -RRB- and they began the final phase on October 31 . This led to the Battle of Ivy Mountain on November 8 and the withdrawal of Confederate forces from Pikeville -LRB- Piketon -RRB- on November 9 , 1861 . ", "The postage stamps and postal system of the Confederate States of America carried the mail of the Confederacy for a brief period in American history . Early in 1861 when South Carolina no longer considered itself part of the Union and demanded that the U.S. Army abandon Fort Sumter , plans for a Confederate postal system were already underway . Indeed , the Confederate Post office was established on February 21 , 1861 ; and it was not until April 12 that the American Civil War officially began , when the Confederate Army fired upon US soldiers who had refused to abandon the fort . However , the United States Post Office Department continued to handle the mail of the seceded states as usual during the first weeks of the war . It was not until June 1 that the Confederate Post office took over collection and delivery , now faced with the task of providing postage stamps and mail services for its citizens . The CSA Constitution had provided for a national postal service to be established , then required it to be self-financing beginning March 1 , 1863 -LRB- Section 8 . Powers of Congress , Item 7 -RRB- . President Jefferson Davis had appointed John Henninger Reagan on March 6 , 1861 , to head the new Confederate States of America Post-office Department . The Confederate Post Office proved to be very efficient and remained in operation for the entire duration of the Civil War . ", "The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Jonesborough of the American Civil War on August 31-September 1 , 1864 . The Confederate order of battle is listed separately . ", "The Battle of Griswoldville was the first battle of Sherman 's March to the Sea , fought November 22 , 1864 , during the American Civil War . A Union Army brigade under Brig. Gen. Charles C. Walcutt fought three brigades of Georgia militia under Brig. Gen. Pleasant J. Philips , at Griswoldville , near Macon , Georgia , and continued its march toward Savannah . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 1 ]

[ "Elizabeth_of_York", "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "Nicholas_Skeres", "Mary_I_of_England", "Mary_Parker_-LRB-Salem_witch_trials-RRB-" ]

[ "Elizabeth of York -LRB- 11 February 1466 -- 11 February 1503 -RRB- was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death . As the wife of Henry VII , she was the first Tudor queen . She was the daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III , and she married the king following Henry 's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which started the last phase of the Wars of the Roses . She was the mother of King Henry VIII . Therefore , she was the daughter , sister , niece , wife , mother and grandmother of successive Kings of England . The period of Henry VI 's readaption from October 1470 until April 1471 and the period between her father 's death in 1483 , when she was 17 , and the making of peace between her mother and her uncle Richard were violent and anxious interludes in what was mostly a peaceful life . Her two brothers disappeared , the `` Princes in the Tower '' , their fate unknown . She was welcomed back to court by her Uncle Richard III , along with all of her sisters . As a Yorkist princess , the final victory of the Lancastrian faction in the War of the Roses may have seemed a further disaster , but Henry Tudor knew the importance of Yorkist support for his invasion and promised to marry her before he arrived in England ; this was an important move , which , however , failed to bring him the desired Yorkist support . Her marriage seems to have been successful , though her eldest son Arthur , Prince of Wales , died at age 15 in 1502 , and three other children died young . She seems to have played little part in politics . Her surviving children became a King of England and queens of France and Scotland ; it is through the Scottish Stuart dynasty that her many modern royal descendants trace their descent from her . ", "Elizabeth I -LRB- 7 September 1533 -- 24 March 1603 -RRB- was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death . Sometimes called The Virgin Queen , Gloriana or Good Queen Bess , the childless Elizabeth was the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty . Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn , his second wife , who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth 's birth . Anne 's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled , and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate . Her half-brother , Edward VI , ruled until his death in 1553 , bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters , Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary , in spite of statute law to the contrary . Edward 's will was set aside and Mary became queen , deposing Lady Jane Grey . During Mary 's reign , Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels . In 1558 , Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel . She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers , led by William Cecil , 1st Baron Burghley . One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church , of which she became the Supreme Governor . This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England . It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line . She never did , despite numerous courtships . As she grew older , Elizabeth became famous for her virginity . A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits , pageants , and literature of the day . In government , Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been . One of her mottoes was `` video et taceo '' -LRB- `` I see but say nothing '' -RRB- . In religion , she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution . After the pope declared her illegitimate in 1570 and released her subjects from obedience to her , several conspiracies threatened her life , all of which were defeated with the help of her ministers ' secret service . Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs , manoeuvring between the major powers of France and Spain . She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective , poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands , France , and Ireland . By the mid-1580s , England could no longer avoid war with Spain . England 's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history . Elizabeth 's reign is known as the Elizabethan era . The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama , led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe , and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake . Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered , sometimes indecisive ruler , who enjoyed more than her share of luck . Towards the end of her reign , a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity . Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor in an era when government was ramshackle and limited , and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones . Such was the case with Elizabeth 's rival , Mary , Queen of Scots , whom she imprisoned in 1568 and had executed in 1587 . After the short reigns of Elizabeth 's half-siblings , her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity . ", "Nicholas Skeres -LRB- March 1563 -- c. 1601 -RRB- was an Elizabethan con-man and government informer -- i.e. a `` professional deceiver '' -- and one of the three `` gentlemen '' who were with the poet and playwright Christopher Marlowe when he was killed in Deptford in May 1593 . Together with another of the men there , Robert Poley , he had played a part in the discovery of the Babington plot against the life of the Queen in 1586 , and at the time of Marlowe 's death was engaged in a money-lending swindle with the third of them , Marlowe 's reported killer Ingram Frizer . ", "Mary I -LRB- 18 February 1516 -- 17 November 1558 -RRB- was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death . Her executions of Protestants led to the posthumous sobriquet `` Bloody Mary '' . She was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife Catherine of Aragon to survive to adulthood . Her younger half-brother Edward VI -LRB- son of Henry and Jane Seymour -RRB- succeeded their father in 1547 . When Edward became mortally ill in 1553 , he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because of religious differences . On his death their first cousin once removed , Lady Jane Grey , was proclaimed queen . Mary assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane , who was ultimately beheaded . Mary was -- excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda -- the first queen regnant of England . In 1554 , Mary married Philip of Spain , becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556 . Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after her half-brother 's short-lived Protestant reign . During her five-year reign , she had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions . After her death in 1558 , her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I , daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn . ", "Mary -LRB- née Ayer -RRB- Parker of Andover , Massachusetts Bay Colony , the daughter of John Ayer , was executed September 22 , 1692 , with several others , for witchcraft in the Salem witch trials . She was 55 years old and a widow . Mary 's husband , Nathan , died in 1685 . Nicholas Noyes officiated . Her daughter , Sarah Parker , was also accused . Parker was an 8th great-grandmother of U.S. President George W. Bush , who is a descendant or relative of up to 217 of the trials ' participants . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Google_Search", "Synonymia", "List_of_medical_abbreviations-COLON-_L", "Hypsela", "RRQ" ]

[ "Google Search , commonly referred to as Google Web Search or simply Google , is a web search engine developed by Google . It is the most-used search engine on the World Wide Web , handling more than three billion searches each day . , it is the most used search engine in the US with 64.0 % market share . The order of search on Google 's search-results pages is based , in part , on a priority rank called a `` PageRank '' . Google Search provides many different options for customized search , using Boolean operators such as exclusion -LRB- '' - xx '' -RRB- , alternatives -LRB- `` xx OR yy OR zz '' -RRB- , and wildcards -LRB- `` Winston * Churchill '' returns `` Winston Churchill '' , `` Winston Spencer Churchill '' , etc. -RRB- . The same and other options can be specified in a different way on an Advanced Search page . The main purpose of Google Search is to hunt for text in publicly accessible documents offered by web servers , as opposed to other data , such as images or data contained in databases . It was originally developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1997 . Google Search provides several features beyond searching for words . These include synonyms , weather forecasts , time zones , stock quotes , maps , earthquake data , movie showtimes , airports , home listings , and sports scores . There are special features for numbers , dates , and some specific forms , including ranges , prices , temperatures , money and measurement unit conversions , calculations , package tracking , patents , area codes , and language translation . In June 2011 Google introduced `` Google Voice Search '' to search for spoken , rather than typed , words . In May 2012 Google introduced a Knowledge Graph semantic search feature in the U.S. Analysis of the frequency of search terms may indicate economic , social and health trends . Data about the frequency of use of search terms on Google can be openly inquired via Google Trends and have been shown to correlate with flu outbreaks and unemployment levels , and provide the information faster than traditional reporting methods and surveys . As of mid-2016 , Google 's search engine has begun to rely on these deep neural networks . In October 2016 , Gary Illyes , a webmaster trends analyst with Google , announced that the search engine will be making a new , primary web index dedicated for mobile , with a secondary , less up-to-date index for desktop use . The change is a response from the continued growth in mobile , and a push for web developers to adopt a mobile-friendly version of their websites . Illyes stated the change will happen in `` months '' . Competitors of Google include Baidu and Soso.com in China ; Naver.com and Daum.net in South Korea ; Yandex in Russia ; Seznam.cz in the Czech Republic ; Yahoo in Japan , Taiwan and the US , as well as Bing and DuckDuckGo . Some smaller search engines offer facilities not available with Google , e.g. not storing any private or tracking information ; one such search engine is Ixquick . ", "In rhetoric , Synonymia -LRB- Greek : syn , `` alike '' + onoma , `` name '' -RRB- is the use of several synonyms together to amplify or explain a given subject or term . It is a kind of repetition that adds emotional force or intellectual clarity . Synonymia often occurs in parallel fashion . ", "Category : Lists of medical abbreviations ", "Hypsela may refer to : Hypsela -LRB- plant -RRB- a plant genus now considered to be a synonym of Lobelia -LRB- place -RRB- the Ancient Egyptian city and Roman bishopric Hypselis , now a Latin Catholic titular see ", "RRQ can stand for : Réseau de Résistance du Québécois , Quebec nationalist group Rock and Roller Queens , roller derby league from Bogotá , Colombia Return Receipt Requested , Text message acronym asking recipient to reply confirming receipt of the message , if nothing else . Texting . SMS . Read Request , Read Request -LRB- TFTP -RRB- , Computing Return Request , Return Request , Military " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Uranium", "Strategic_uranium_reserves", "Areva_Resources_Canada", "Olovskoye_mine", "Nuclear_Information_and_Resource_Service" ]

[ "Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92 . It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table . A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons , of which 6 are valence electrons . Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable -LRB- with half-lives of the six naturally known isotopes , uranium-233 to uranium-238 , varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years -RRB- . The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238 -LRB- which has 146 neutrons and accounts for over 99 % -RRB- and uranium-235 -LRB- which has 143 neutrons -RRB- . Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements . Its density is about 70 % higher than that of lead , and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten . It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil , rock and water , and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite . In nature , uranium is found as uranium-238 -LRB- 99.2739 -- 99.2752 % -RRB- , uranium-235 -LRB- 0.7198 -- 0.7202 % -RRB- , and a very small amount of uranium-234 -LRB- 0.0050 -- 0.0059 % -RRB- . Uranium decays slowly by emitting an alpha particle . The half-life of uranium-238 is about 4.47 billion years and that of uranium-235 is 704 million years , making them useful in dating the age of the Earth . Many contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties . Uranium-235 is the only naturally occurring fissile isotope , which makes it widely used in nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons . However , because of the tiny amounts found in nature , uranium needs to undergo enrichment so that enough uranium-235 is present . Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons , and is fertile , meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor . Another fissile isotope , uranium-233 , can be produced from natural thorium and is also important in nuclear technology . Uranium-238 has a small probability for spontaneous fission or even induced fission with fast neutrons ; uranium-235 and to a lesser degree uranium-233 have a much higher fission cross-section for slow neutrons . In sufficient concentration , these isotopes maintain a sustained nuclear chain reaction . This generates the heat in nuclear power reactors , and produces the fissile material for nuclear weapons . Depleted uranium -LRB- 238U -RRB- is used in kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating . Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass , producing lemon yellow to green colors . Uranium glass fluoresces green in ultraviolet light . It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography . The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth , who named the new element after the planet Uranus . Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel . Research by Otto Hahn , Lise Meitner , Enrico Fermi and others , such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy , the first nuclear weapon used in war . An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239 . The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety . See Nuclear proliferation . ", "Strategic uranium reserves refer to uranium inventories held by the government of a particular country , as well as private industry , for the purpose of providing economic and national security during an energy crisis . ", "Areva Resources Canada Inc is a uranium mining , milling , and exploration company based in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan . Areva Resources Canada is a subsidiary of the Areva Group and has offices , operations and projects in Saskatchewan , Quebec and Nunavut . ", "The Olovskoye mine is a large open pit mine located in the southern part of Russia in Zabaykalsky Krai . Olovskoye represents one of the largest uranium reserves in Russia having estimated reserves of 16.8 million tonnes of ore grading 0.082 % uranium . ", "The Nuclear Information and Resource Service -LRB- NIRS -RRB- is an anti-nuclear group founded in 1978 to be the information and networking center for citizens and organizations concerned about nuclear power , radioactive waste , radiation and sustainable energy issues . The organization advocates the implementation of safe , sustainable solutions such as energy efficiency , solar power , wind power and plug-in hybrids . As of 2007 , NIRS claims to initiate `` large-scale organizing and public education campaigns on specific issues , '' such as to `` bring technical expertise and strategic sense to grassroots environmental groups . '' In 2000 , NIRS ' affiliation with World Information Service on Energy -LRB- WISE -RRB- turned it into an international organization -LRB- NIRS/WISE -RRB- . The magazine Nuclear Engineering International has said that it runs easily the best website on uranium mining throughout the world . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Kung_Fu_Panda", "2013_Chinese_Taipei_Open_Grand_Prix_Gold", "Godzilla_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "2010_Hong_Kong_Super_Series", "Pandamen" ]

[ "Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It was directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne and produced by Melissa Cobb , and stars the voices of Jack Black , Dustin Hoffman , Angelina Jolie , Ian McShane , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , Randall Duk Kim , James Hong , and Jackie Chan . Set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic talking animals , the plot revolves around a bumbling panda named Po who aspires to be a kung fu master . When an evil kung fu warrior is foretold to escape after twenty years in prison , Po is unwittingly named the chosen one destined to defeat him and bring peace to the land , much to the chagrin of the resident kung fu warriors . The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance , a DreamWorks Animation executive . The film was originally intended to be a parody , but director Stevenson decided instead , to shoot an action comedy wuxia film that incorporates the hero 's journey narrative archetype for the lead character . The computer animation in the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before . As with most DreamWorks animated films , Hans Zimmer -LRB- collaborating with John Powell this time -RRB- scored Kung Fu Panda . He visited China to absorb the culture and get to know the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of his preparation . A sequel , Kung Fu Panda 2 , was released on May 26 , 2011 , along with a television series , Kung Fu Panda : Legends of Awesomeness later that same year as a part of a franchise . A second sequel called Kung Fu Panda 3 was released on January 29 , 2016 . Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6 , 2008 . The film received critical acclaim upon release . Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters , grossing $ 20.3 million on its opening day and $ 60.2 million on its opening weekend , resulting in the number one position at the box office . The film became DreamWorks ' biggest opening for a non-sequel film , the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide , and also had the fourth-largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office , behind Shrek 2 , Shrek the Third , and Shrek Forever After . ", "The 2013 Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold was the ninth grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2013 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix . The tournament was held in Hsing Chuang Gymnasium , Taipei , Chinese Taipei September 3 until September 8 , 2013 and had a total purse of $ 200,000 . ", "Godzilla is a 2014 American monster film directed by Gareth Edwards and a reboot of Toho 's Godzilla franchise . It is the 30th film in the Godzilla franchise , the first film in Legendary 's MonsterVerse , and the second Godzilla film to be completely produced by a Hollywood studio , the first being the 1998 film of the same name . It stars Aaron Taylor-Johnson , Ken Watanabe , Elizabeth Olsen , Juliette Binoche , Sally Hawkins , David Strathairn , and Bryan Cranston . The film is a co-production between Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. . Pictures , with the latter also distributing the film worldwide , except in Japan where it was distributed by Toho . The project initially began in 2004 and was originally intended to be an IMAX short film but was later transferred to Legendary for development as a feature film . Principal photography took place in the United States and Canada in 2013 . Godzilla was released worldwide in 2D , 3D and IMAX on May 16 , 2014 to generally positive reviews and was a box office success , grossing $ 200 million domestically and $ 529.1 million worldwide . The film 's success prompted Toho to produce a reboot of its own and Legendary to proceed with sequels and a shared cinematic franchise , with Godzilla : King of the Monsters set to be released in 2019 and Godzilla vs. Kong to be released in 2020 . ", "The 2010 Hong Kong Super Series was a top level badminton competition which was held from December 7 , 2010 to December 12 , 2010 in Hong Kong . It was the 12th BWF Super Series competition on the 2010 BWF Super Series schedule . The total purse for the event was $ 200,000 . ", "Pandamen is a 2010 Taiwanese TV series directed by and starring Jay Chou and co-starring Nan Quan Mama members Yuhao Zhan and Devon Song in the title roles of `` Pandamen '' . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "IPhone_4", "IOS_4", "IPhone_4S", "IPhone", "IPhone_3GS" ]

[ "The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . Following a number of notable leaks , the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7 , 2010 , at Apple 's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco , and was released on June 24 , 2010 , in the United States , United Kingdom , France , Germany and Japan . It is the 4th generation of iPhone , succeeding the 3GS and preceding the 4S . The iPhone 4 introduced a new hardware design to the iPhone family , which Apple 's CEO Steve Jobs touted as the thinnest smartphone in the world at the time ; it consisted of an uninsulated stainless steel frame which doubles as an antenna , with internal components situated between chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass . The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple 's new high-resolution `` Retina Display '' ; while maintaining the same physical size and aspect ratio as its precursors , its liquid crystal display had a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch . The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple 's A4 system-on-chip , along with iOS 4 -- which notably introduced multitasking functionality and Apple 's new FaceTime video chat service . The iPhone 4 was also the first iPhone to include a front-facing camera , and the first to be released in a version for CDMA networks , ending AT&T 's period as the exclusive carrier of iPhone products in the United States . It was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone in 2011 by the iPhone 4S . However , iPhone 4 continued to be produced until 2013 . The iPhone 4 received generally positive reception , with critics praising its revamped design and more powerful hardware in comparison to previous models . While it was a market success , with over 600,000 pre-orders within 24 hours , the release of the iPhone 4 was plagued by highly publicized reports that abnormalities in its new antenna design caused the device to lose its cellular signal if held in a certain way . Most human contact with the phone 's outer edge would cause a significant decrease in signal strength . The iPhone 4 spent the longest time as Apple 's flagship iPhone model at fifteen months , and had the longest lifespan of any iPhone ever produced , spanning close to four years and available in some developing countries until early 2015 . ", "iOS 4 is the fourth major release of the iOS mobile operating system designed by Apple Inc. , being the successor to iPhone OS 3 . It was released on June 21 , 2010 , and was the first major release to be renamed to simply `` iOS '' , and the first major release to drop support for some devices , as well as the first update that iPod Touch users did not have to pay for . iOS 4 was succeeded by iOS 5 , which was released on October 12 , 2011 . ", "The iPhone 4S -LRB- retroactively stylized with a lowercase 's ' as iPhone 4s as of September 2013 -RRB- is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . It is the fifth generation of the iPhone , succeeding the iPhone 4 and preceding the iPhone 5 . Announced on October 4 , 2011 at Apple 's Cupertino campus , its media coverage was accompanied by news of the death of former Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs on the following day . Orders could be placed on October 7 , 2011 and mainstream availability in retail stores began on October 14 , 2011 in the United States , Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom , France , Germany , and Japan , sales peaked over its predecessor with more than a million sales in the first twenty-four hours of order availability and more than four million sales in the first four days of retail availability . Further worldwide rollout , including 22 additional countries on October 28 , came over the next several months . This iPhone was named `` 4S '' where `` S '' stood for Siri -LRB- Apple CEO Tim Cook confirmed that during the Q&A session at the D10 conference in May 2012 , -RRB- an iPhone 4S-exclusive intelligent personal assistant that was later included in future generations of mobile Apple products . Retaining the most of the external design of the iPhone 4 , the 4S hosted major internal upgrades , including an upgrade to the Apple A5 chipset , and an 8-megapixel camera with 1080p video recording . It debuted with iOS 5 , the fifth major version of iOS , Apple 's mobile operating system , that introduced features including iCloud , iMessage , Notification Center , Reminders , and Twitter integration . Reception to the was generally favorable . Reviewers noted Siri , the new camera , and processing speeds as significant advantages over the prior model . It was succeeded by the iPhone 5 as Apple 's flagship phone on September 12 , 2012 . The iPhone 4S remained in production , albeit being sold with reduced storage -LRB- from 16/32/64 GB down to 8 GB -RRB- . It was discontinued officially on September 9 , 2014 , following the announcement of the iPhone 6 , but is currently supported as of iOS 9 . During the course of its lifetime , the iPhone 4S is the best-selling iPhone ever produced and it is the first iPhone to support five major versions of iOS : iOS 5 , iOS 6 , iOS 7 , iOS 8 , and iOS 9 . The iPad 2 was supported from iOS 4 to iOS 9 . It is also the last iPhone to have the original 30 pin connector as it was replaced by the Lightning Connector when the iPhone 5 was released . ", "7 / 7 Plus : -RCB- -RCB- | unitssold = 1 billion + | service = -RCB- -RCB- iPhone -LRB- -LSB- ˈaɪfoʊn -RSB- -RRB- is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . They run Apple 's iOS mobile operating system . The first generation iPhone was released on June 29 , 2007 , and there have been multiple new hardware iterations since . The user interface is built around the device 's multi-touch screen , including a virtual keyboard . The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks . An iPhone can shoot video -LRB- though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS -RRB- , take photos , play music , send and receive email , browse the web , send and receive text messages , follow GPS navigation , record notes , perform mathematical calculations , and receive visual voicemail . Other functionality , such as video games , reference works , and social networking , can be enabled by downloading mobile apps . , Apple 's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone . Apple has released ten generations of iPhone models , each accompanied by one of the ten major releases of the iOS operating system . The original 1st-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents , such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations . The iPhone 3G added 3G network support , and was followed by the 3GS with improved hardware , the 4 with a metal chassis , higher display resolution and front-facing camera , and the 4S with improved hardware and the voice assistant Siri . The iPhone 5 featured a taller , 4-inch display and Apple 's newly introduced Lightning connector . In 2013 , Apple released the 5S with improved hardware and a fingerprint reader , and the lower-cost 5C , a version of the 5 with colored plastic casings instead of metal . They were followed by the larger iPhone 6 , with models featuring 4.7 and 5.5-inch displays . The iPhone 6S was introduced the following year , which featured hardware upgrades and support for pressure-sensitive touch inputs , as well as the SE -- which featured hardware from the 6S but the smaller form factor of the 5S . In 2016 , Apple unveiled the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus , which add water resistance , improved system and graphics performance , a new rear dual-camera setup on the Plus model , and new color options , while removing the 3.5 mm headphone jack found on previous models . The original iPhone was described as `` revolutionary '' and a `` game-changer '' for the mobile phone industry . Newer iterations have also garnered praise , and the iPhone 's success has been credited with helping to make Apple one of the world 's most valuable publicly-traded companies . ", "The iPhone 3GS -LRB- originally styled iPhone 3G S -RRB- is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. . It is the third generation iPhone , successor to the iPhone 3G . It was introduced on June 8 , 2009 , at the WWDC 2009 which took place at the Moscone Center , San Francisco . This iPhone is named `` 3GS '' where `` S '' stood for Speed -LRB- Phil Schiller had mentioned it in the launch keynote -RRB- . Improvements include performance , a 3-megapixel camera with higher resolution and video ability , voice control , and support for 7.2 Mbit/s HSDPA downloading -LRB- but remains limited to uploading as Apple had not implemented the HSUPA protocol -RRB- . It was released in the USA , Canada , and six European countries on June 19 , 2009 , in Australia and Japan on June 26 , and internationally in July and August 2009 . The iPhone 3GS runs Apple 's iOS operating system . It is controlled mostly by a user 's fingertips on a multi-touch display . It was succeeded as Apple 's flagship smartphone in 2010 by the iPhone 4 ; however , the 3GS continued in production until September 2012 when the iPhone 5 was announced . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Vampire_Academy_-LRB-film-RRB-", "I…Vampire", "Creature_Academy", "The_Originals_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Supernatural_-LRB-U.S._TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "Vampire Academy -LRB- also known as Vampire Academy : Blood Sisters -RRB- is a 2014 American fantasy comedy film based on Richelle Mead 's 2007 best-selling novel of the same name , directed by Mark Waters , and scripted by Daniel Waters . The film stars Zoey Deutch , Danila Kozlovsky , Lucy Fry , and Dominic Sherwood in lead roles . It was released in North America on February 7 , 2014 and globally between March and July of the same year . It was distributed in the United States by The Weinstein Company . The film was a failure critically and financially , grossing only $ 15.4 million worldwide against a $ 30 million budget , making the film a box office flop . ", "I. . . Vampire is a 24 issue series , created by writer J. M. DeMatteis , that appeared in American comic book House of Mystery between 1981 and 1983 . It originally started as a backup story among House of Mystery '' 's three story format but soon became so popular that it eventually overtook the title on the cover . Even I. . . Vampire '' 's finale was almost book length . ", "Creature Academy is an all-ages/science fiction/fantasy digital comic series created by Kevin Hanna , that ran for four issues and was published in a collected edition for the first time in 2013 . In 2008 , LeftJet announced that they had taken steps for a possible future film adaptation ; The film , The Creature Academy , is currently in preproduction . ", "The Originals is an American television series that began airing on The CW on October 3 , 2013 . Created as a spin-off of The Vampire Diaries , the series follows vampire Klaus Mikaelson as he and his family become embroiled in the supernatural politics of New Orleans . On May 10 , 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a fifth season . ", "Supernatural is an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke . It was first broadcast on September 13 , 2005 , on The WB , and subsequently became part of successor The CW 's lineup . Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester , the series follows the two brothers as they hunt demons , ghosts , monsters , and other supernatural beings . The series is produced by Warner Bros. . Television , in association with Wonderland Sound and Vision . Along with Kripke , executive producers have been McG , Robert Singer , Phil Sgriccia , Sera Gamble , Jeremy Carver , John Shiban , Ben Edlund and Adam Glass . Former executive producer and director Kim Manners died of lung cancer during production of the fourth season . The series is filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia and surrounding areas and was in development for nearly ten years , as creator Kripke spent several years unsuccessfully pitching it . The pilot was viewed by an estimated 5.69 million viewers , and the ratings of the first four episodes prompted The WB to pick up the series for a full season . Originally , Kripke planned the series for three seasons but later expanded it to five . The fifth season concluded the series ' main storyline , and Kripke departed the series as showrunner . The series has continued on for several more seasons with new showrunners , including Sera Gamble , Jeremy Carver , Robert Singer and Andrew Dabb . With its eleventh season , Supernatural became the longest-running American fantasy series . The series was renewed for a twelfth season , which aired from October 13 , 2016 , to May 18 , 2017 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a thirteenth season . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2 ]

[ "Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren", "Kit_Williamson", "Nathan_Clifford_Ricker", "Ed_Morrissey", "Edward_John_Ray" ]

[ "Edward Warren Miney -LRB- September 7 , 1926 -- August 23 , 2006 -RRB- and Lorraine Rita Warren -LRB- née Moran , born January 31 , 1927 -RRB- were a married Roman Catholic couple who were highly controversial American paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of hauntings . Edward was a World War II United States Navy veteran and former police officer who became a self-taught and self-professed demonologist , author , and lecturer . Lorraine professes to be clairvoyant and a light trance medium who worked closely with her husband . In 1952 , the Warrens founded the New England Society for Psychic Research , the oldest ghost hunting group in New England . They authored numerous books about the paranormal and about their private investigations into various reports of paranormal activity . They claimed to have investigated over 10,000 cases during their career . The Warrens were among the very first investigators in the controversial Amityville haunting . According to the Warrens , the N.E.S.P.R. utilizes a variety of individuals , including medical doctors , researchers , police officers , nurses , college students , and members of the clergy in its investigations . Stories of ghost hauntings popularized by the Warrens have been adapted as , or have indirectly inspired , dozens of films , television series and documentaries , including 17 films in the Amityville Horror series alone . Other adaptations include the 2013 movie The Conjuring , its prequel/spinoff from 2014 , Annabelle , and its sequel , The Conjuring 2 , released in 2016 . Skeptics Perry DeAngelis and Steve Novella have investigated the Warren 's evidence and found it all to be `` blarney '' . Skeptical investigators Joe Nickell and Ben Radford concluded that the more famous hauntings , Amityville and the Snedeker 's , did not happen and had been `` invented '' . ", "Kit Williamson -LRB- born November 13 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actor and filmmaker , best known for his role as Ed Gifford on the final two seasons of AMC 's Mad Men and for creating and starring in the Daytime Emmy Award-nominated LGBT dark comedy series EastSiders . He was born and raised in Jackson , Mississippi and attended Interlochen Arts Academy , an arts boarding school in northern lower Michigan and Fordham University . He is also openly gay , and married to his EastSiders co-star John Halbach . He appeared in the Broadway premiere of Eric Bogosian 's Talk Radio , starring Liev Schreiber , which ran from March 11 to June 24 , 2007 . Other stage performances include the Off-Broadway premiere of Przemyslaw Wojcieszek 's Made in Poland at 59E59 . The show was reviewed in Variety , which said , `` Williamson 's hilariously serious perf as an angst-filled wannabe revolutionary strikes exactly the right note . As he wanders around his little town in post-Communist Poland , vandalizing cars and trashing phone booths , the unfairness of everything becomes so oppressive he delivers Bogus ' every line like it 's a prelude to a fistfight . '' He has appeared in a number of movies and television shows , including Best Friends Forever , starring Brea Grant and Sean Maher , 2010 : Moby Dick from The Asylum and episodes of Numb3rs and Death Valley . ", "Nathan Clifford Ricker , D.Arch -LRB- June 24 , 1843 -- March 19 , 1924 -RRB- was a professor and architect known for his work at the University of Illinois . He was born on a farm near Acton , Maine June 24 , 1843 . In 1875 , he was married to Mary Carter Steele of Galesburg , Illinois . Mary Steele graduated with honors from the University of Illinois in 1875 . His only child , Ethel , was born in 1883 . He died March 19 , 1924 . ", "Ed Morrissey -LRB- born April 3 , 1963 -RRB- is an American conservative blogger , columnist , motivational speaker , and talk show host . He goes by the nickname Captain Ed and he currently lives in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota . He wrote his original blog , `` Captain 's Quarters '' , from October 2003 to February 2008 . He now works full-time as a blogger for Hot Air . and writes a column for The Week . He also participates in Bloggingheads.tv His opinion articles have appeared in the New York Sun , the New York Post , and the Daily Standard . He is married to the Roman Catholic writer Marcia Morrissey , of Patheos . ", "Edward John `` Ed '' Ray -LRB- born September 10 , 1944 -RRB- is an American economist who became the 19th president of Oregon State University on July 31 , 2003 . Prior to joining Oregon State , Ray was executive vice president and provost of Ohio State University for the previous six years . As president of OSU , Edward Ray earns a gross salary of $ 414,377 in 2010 . He also serves as chairman of the NCAA 's Executive Committee . Ray was a member of the Economics faculty at Ohio State from 1970 -- 2003 , serving as economics department chair from 1976 to 1992 . He served as an associate provost from May 1992 until May 1993 , senior vice provost and chief information officer from 1993 -- 1998 , and executive vice president and provost from 1998-2003 . His work has been published in The American Economic Review , The Journal of Political Economy , The Quarterly Journal of Economics , The Review of Economic Studies and other leading journals . He has co-authored a principles text , and his book , `` U.S. Protectionism and the World Debt Crisis '' was published by Quorum Press in 1989 . Dr. Ray received his undergraduate degree in mathematics from Queens College , City University of New York in June 1966 , graduating cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa . He earned his master 's degree in economics from Stanford University in 1969 and his doctorate in economics from Stanford in June 1971 . His wife Beth -LRB- 1946-2014 -RRB- was a counselor and assistant dean in the College of Arts and Sciences while at Ohio State . They have three children and three grandchildren . On March 21 , 2014 , she died from lung cancer . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Tracey_Fragments_-LRB-film-RRB-", "EastEnders_Live_Week", "Drop_Dead_Diva_-LRB-season_1-RRB-", "Stealing_Angels", "October_1966" ]

[ "The Tracey Fragments is a 2007 drama film directed by Canadian Bruce McDonald and written by Maureen Medved , based on her novel of the same name . It stars Ellen Page in the title role , is produced by Sarah Timmins and executive produced by Paul Barkin . The film was selected to open the Panorama section of the 57th Berlin International Film Festival and had its world premiere February 8 , 2007 . It is being distributed in Canada by Odeon Films , with world sales being handled by Bavaria Films International . The film had its North American premiere at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12 . Canadian theatrical release followed in October 2007 . The film was acquired for the United States by THINKFilm , and was released May 9 , 2008 . After a screening at the Possible Worlds 2007 Canadian Film Festival the film was acquired for DVD release in Australia and New Zealand by Siren Visual . The film was a low budget production , being made on only CAD$ 750,000 . ", "EastEnders Live Week -LRB- also known as EastEnders : The Week of Revelations -RRB- is a set of five EastEnders episodes , including live elements , which was broadcast 17 -- 20 February 2015 to mark the programme 's 30th anniversary . The week was based around the wedding of Ian -LRB- Adam Woodyatt -RRB- and Jane Beale -LRB- Laurie Brett -RRB- , whilst concluding the `` Who Killed Lucy Beale ? '' storyline and featuring elements of the aftermath of Nick Cotton 's -LRB- John Altman -RRB- demise , after he collapsed in his mother Dot Branning 's -LRB- June Brown -RRB- arms having injected himself with impure heroin on 13 February 2015 . The week also featured Kim Fox-Hubbard -LRB- Tameka Empson -RRB- giving birth to her daughter Pearl two months prematurely , the continuing fall out from Dean Wicks ' -LRB- Matt Di Angelo -RRB- rape of Linda Carter -LRB- Kellie Bright -RRB- and the shock return of Kathy Beale -LRB- Gillian Taylforth -RRB- , who was presumed dead nine years earlier . ", "Drop Dead Diva season one premiered on July 12 , 2009 and concluded October 11 , 2009 on Lifetime . Season one aired on Sundays at 9:00 pm ET for the entire season and consisted of 13 episodes . ", "Stealing Angels was an American country group composed of Caroline Cutbirth , Tayla Lynn , and Jennifer Wayne . Their debut single , `` He Better Be Dead , '' was released to radio on July 12 , 2010 , and debuted at number 59 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart . It was released via Skyville Records , a label owned by record producers Paul Worley and Wally Wilson . ", "The following events occurred in October 1966 : " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Donna_Shalala", "Regina_Peruggi", "Judy_Genshaft", "Victoria_Clarke", "Dalia_Grybauskaitė" ]

[ "Donna Edna Shalala -LRB- -LSB- ʃəˈleɪlə -RSB- ; born February 14 1941 -RRB- was the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001 . She was the president of the University of Miami , a private university in Coral Gables , Florida , from 2001 through 2015 . Previously she was the chancellor of the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1988 to 1993 . She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom the nation 's highest civilian honor by President George W. Bush in June 2008 . Shalala currently serves as the president of the Clinton Foundation . ", "Regina S. Peruggi -LRB- born September 1 , 1946 -RRB- is an American educator who was the President of Kingsborough Community College from 2005 to 2014 , the first woman to hold that position in the college 's 40-year history . She is also known as the first wife of Rudy Giuliani , who would subsequently become Mayor of New York and a U.S. presidential candidate . ", "Judy Lynn Genshaft -LRB- born January 1948 -RRB- is President of University of South Florida since 2000 . After 911 , USF history was marked with the controversial firing of Sami Al-Arian , which became the largest case of academic freedom since Angela Davis in the 1960s . She received $ 795,275 for total compensation for the 2014 year , ranking her at that time as the 12th highest paid university president at that time in the United States . She ranked 1st among university presidents in 2014 on salary compared to median student tuition . Her pay was equal to about 112 students ' tuition at that time . ", "Victoria `` Torie '' Clarke -LRB- born May 18 , 1959 -RRB- is an American communications consultant who has served in several private sector positions and in three Republican presidential administrations , most notably as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs under Donald Rumsfeld . She is a frequent guest on the roundtable on ABC News ' This Week with George Stephanopoulos . On May 20 , 2008 , she made her first appearance on The Tony Kornheiser Show , on which she continues to be featured regularly as a rotating co-host . ", "Dalia Grybauskaitė -LRB- -LSB- d̪ɐˈlʲɛ ɡʲrʲiːbɐʊsˈkɐ̂ˑɪt̪ʲeː -RSB- , born 1 March 1956 -RRB- is the President of Lithuania , inaugurated on 12 July 2009 and re-elected in May 2014 . She is the country 's first female President and the first President of Lithuania to be reelected for a second consecutive term . She was Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance , also European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget from 2004 to 2009 . She is often referred to as the `` Iron Lady '' or the `` Steel Magnolia '' . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Solanum", "Tomato", "Sesamum", "Sium", "Lagenaria_sphaerica" ]

[ "Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants , which include two food crops of high economic importance , the potato and the tomato . It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles , as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit . Solanum species show a wide range of growing habits , such as annual and perennials , vines , subshrubs , shrubs , and small trees . Many formerly independent genera like Lycopersicon -LRB- the tomatoes -RRB- and Cyphomandra are now included in Solanum as subgenera or sections . Thus , the genus today contains roughly 1,500 -- 2,000 species . ", "The tomato -LRB- see pronunciation -RRB- is the edible fruit of Solanum lycopersicum , commonly known as a tomato plant , which belongs to the nightshade family , Solanaceae . The species originated in Central and South America . The Nahuatl -LRB- Aztec language -RRB- word tomatl gave rise to the Spanish word `` tomate '' , from which the English word tomato originates . Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world , with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year and in cooler areas . The plants typically grow to 1 - in height and have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants . It is a perennial in its native habitat , and grown as an annual in temperate climates . An average common tomato weighs approximately 100 g. Its use as a food originated in Mexico , and spread throughout the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas . Tomato is consumed in diverse ways , including raw , as an ingredient in many dishes , sauces , salads , and drinks . While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits , they are considered culinary vegetables , being ingredients of savory meals . ", "Sesamum is a genus of approximately 20 species in the flowering plant family Pedaliaceae . The plants are annual or perennial herbs with edible seeds . The best-known member of the genus is sesame , Sesamum indicum -LRB- syn . Sesamum orientale -RRB- , the source of sesame seeds . The species are primarily African , with some species occurring in India , Sri Lanka , and China . The origin of S. indicum is uncertain as it is widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical regions . The genus is closely related to the strictly African genus Ceratotheca and is itself probably African in origin . ", "Sium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae . It is widely distributed across Europe , Asia , Africa , and North America . Plants of this genus are commonly called water parsnips . These are perennial herbs , including some fully aquatic plants and some species that grow near water . The branching stem roots at the nodes . The lower leaves are pinnate , divided into leaflets . They are borne on petioles that sheath the stem at their bases . The inflorescence is a compound umbel of flowers with white petals . There are about 12 species in the genus . Species include : Sium bracteatum jellico , large jellico Sium burchellii -- dwarf jellico Sium frigidum Sium latifolium -- wideleaf water parsnip , great water parsnip Sium medium Sium ninsi Sium repandum Sium serra Sium sisaroideum Sium sisarum -- skirret Sium suave -- common water parsnip , hemlock water parsnip Sium tenue ", "Lagenaria sphaerica is a herbaceous climber in the Cucurbitaceae family . It is commonly known as the Wild melon . These plants are found in low-lying areas from the Eastern Cape of South Africa to East Africa . The may grow along river floodplains or up into the canopy of riparian forests . They may also be found in coastal dune vegetation . These plants produce large white flowers which attract many insects . The melon gourd is green and flecked with white . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Solanum", "Tomato", "Sesamum", "Sium", "Lagenaria_sphaerica" ]

[ "Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants , which include two food crops of high economic importance , the potato and the tomato . It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles , as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit . Solanum species show a wide range of growing habits , such as annual and perennials , vines , subshrubs , shrubs , and small trees . Many formerly independent genera like Lycopersicon -LRB- the tomatoes -RRB- and Cyphomandra are now included in Solanum as subgenera or sections . Thus , the genus today contains roughly 1,500 -- 2,000 species . ", "The tomato -LRB- see pronunciation -RRB- is the edible fruit of Solanum lycopersicum , commonly known as a tomato plant , which belongs to the nightshade family , Solanaceae . The species originated in Central and South America . The Nahuatl -LRB- Aztec language -RRB- word tomatl gave rise to the Spanish word `` tomate '' , from which the English word tomato originates . Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world , with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year and in cooler areas . The plants typically grow to 1 - in height and have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants . It is a perennial in its native habitat , and grown as an annual in temperate climates . An average common tomato weighs approximately 100 g. Its use as a food originated in Mexico , and spread throughout the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas . Tomato is consumed in diverse ways , including raw , as an ingredient in many dishes , sauces , salads , and drinks . While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits , they are considered culinary vegetables , being ingredients of savory meals . ", "Sesamum is a genus of approximately 20 species in the flowering plant family Pedaliaceae . The plants are annual or perennial herbs with edible seeds . The best-known member of the genus is sesame , Sesamum indicum -LRB- syn . Sesamum orientale -RRB- , the source of sesame seeds . The species are primarily African , with some species occurring in India , Sri Lanka , and China . The origin of S. indicum is uncertain as it is widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical regions . The genus is closely related to the strictly African genus Ceratotheca and is itself probably African in origin . ", "Sium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae . It is widely distributed across Europe , Asia , Africa , and North America . Plants of this genus are commonly called water parsnips . These are perennial herbs , including some fully aquatic plants and some species that grow near water . The branching stem roots at the nodes . The lower leaves are pinnate , divided into leaflets . They are borne on petioles that sheath the stem at their bases . The inflorescence is a compound umbel of flowers with white petals . There are about 12 species in the genus . Species include : Sium bracteatum jellico , large jellico Sium burchellii -- dwarf jellico Sium frigidum Sium latifolium -- wideleaf water parsnip , great water parsnip Sium medium Sium ninsi Sium repandum Sium serra Sium sisaroideum Sium sisarum -- skirret Sium suave -- common water parsnip , hemlock water parsnip Sium tenue ", "Lagenaria sphaerica is a herbaceous climber in the Cucurbitaceae family . It is commonly known as the Wild melon . These plants are found in low-lying areas from the Eastern Cape of South Africa to East Africa . The may grow along river floodplains or up into the canopy of riparian forests . They may also be found in coastal dune vegetation . These plants produce large white flowers which attract many insects . The melon gourd is green and flecked with white . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "San_Francisco_Bay_Area", "San_Francisco", "Oakland,_California", "San_Jose,_California", "West_Coast_of_the_United_States" ]

[ "The San Francisco Bay Area -LRB- referred to locally as the Bay Area -RRB- is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California . The region encompasses the major cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose , San Francisco , and Oakland , along with smaller urban and rural areas . The Bay Area 's nine counties are Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Francisco , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , and Sonoma . Home to approximately 7.68 million people , the nine-county Bay Area contains many cities , towns , airports , and associated regional , state , and national parks , connected by a network of roads , highways , railroads , bridges , tunnels and commuter rail . The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California -LRB- after the Greater Los Angeles area -RRB- , the fifth-largest in the United States , and the 43rd-largest urban area in the world . The Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States , and is known for its natural beauty , liberal politics , entrepreneurship , and diversity . The area ranks second in highest density of college graduates , and performs above the state median household income in the 2010 census ; it includes the five highest California counties by per capita income and two of the top 25 wealthiest counties in the United States . Based on a 2013 population report from the California Department of Finance , the Bay Area is the only region in California where the rate of people migrating in from other areas in the United States is greater than the rate of those leaving the region , led by Alameda and Contra Costa counties . ", "San Francisco -LRB- initials SF -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- sæn_frənˈsɪskoʊ -RSB- , Spanish for Saint Francis ; Spanish : -LSB- san franˈsisko -RSB- -RRB- , officially the City and County of San Francisco , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . Located at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula , San Francisco is about 47.9 sqmi in area , making it the smallest county -- and the only consolidated city-county -- within the state of California . With a density of about 18,581 people per square mile -LRB- 7,174 people per km2 -RRB- , San Francisco is the most densely settled large city -LRB- population greater than 200,000 -RRB- in California and the second-most densely populated major city in the United States after New York City . San Francisco is the fourth-most populous city in California , after Los Angeles , San Diego , and San Jose , and the 13th-most populous city in the United States -- with a census-estimated 2016 population of 870,887 . The city and its surrounding areas are known as the San Francisco Bay Area , and are a part of the larger OMB-designated San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland combined statistical area , the fifth most populous in the nation with an estimated population of 8.7 million . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi . The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth , making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time . San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856 . After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire , San Francisco was quickly rebuilt , hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later . In World War II , San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater . It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945 . After the war , the confluence of returning servicemen , massive immigration , liberalizing attitudes , along with the rise of the `` hippie '' counterculture , the Sexual Revolution , the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War , and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement , cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States . Politically , the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines . A popular tourist destination , San Francisco is known for its cool summers , fog , steep rolling hills , eclectic mix of architecture , and landmarks , including the Golden Gate Bridge , cable cars , the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary , Fisherman 's Wharf , and its Chinatown district . San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. , Gap Inc. , Salesforce.com , Dropbox , Reddit , Square , Inc. , Dolby , Airbnb , Weebly , Pacific Gas and Electric Company , Yelp , Pinterest , Twitter , Uber , Lyft , Mozilla , Wikimedia Foundation , Craigslist and Weather Underground . It has several nicknames , including `` The City by the Bay '' , `` Fog City '' , `` San Fran '' , and `` Frisco '' , as well as older ones like `` The City that Knows How '' , `` Baghdad by the Bay '' , `` The Paris of the West '' , or simply `` The City '' . , San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings . ", "Oakland -LSB- ˈoʊklənd -RSB- is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County , California , United States . A major West Coast port city , Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area , the eighth largest city in California , and the 45th largest city in the United States , with a population of 419,267 . It serves as a trade center for the San Francisco Bay Area ; its Port of Oakland is the busiest port in the San Francisco Bay , the entirety of Northern California , and the fifth busiest in the United States . The city was incorporated in 1852 . Oakland 's territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie , oak woodland , and north coastal scrub . Its land served as a rich resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco , and Oakland 's fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region . In the late 1860s , Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad . Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake , many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland , enlarging the city 's population , increasing its housing stock and improving its infrastructure . It continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port , shipyards , and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry . Oakland is known for its sustainability practices , including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources . Oakland is also known for its history of political activism , as well as its professional sports franchises -LRB- such as the Oakland Raiders , Oakland Athletics and the Golden State Warriors -RRB- and major corporations , which include health care , dot-com companies , and manufacturers of household products . In addition , due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century , along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s , Oakland is the most ethnically diverse major city in the country . ", "San Jose -LRB- -LSB- ˌsæn_hoʊˈzeɪ -RSB- , Spanish for `` Saint Joseph '' ; -LSB- saŋ xoˈse -RSB- -RRB- , officially the City of San José , is the economic , cultural , and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California . With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908 , it is the third most populous city in California -LRB- after Los Angeles and San Diego -RRB- and the tenth most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles -LRB- 466.109 km2 -RRB- . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . Before the arrival of the Spanish , the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people . San Jose was founded on November 29 , 1777 , as the Pueblo of San José de Guadalupe , the first civilian town founded in Spanish Alta California . When California gained statehood in 1850 , San Jose became the state 's first capital . Following World War II , San Jose experienced an economic boom , with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 60s . The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from an agricultural center to an urbanized metropolitan area . Results of the 1990 U.S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California . By the 1990s , San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries . San Jose is considered to be a global city , notable for its affluence and high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname `` Capital of Silicon Valley '' . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world -LRB- after Zurich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway -RRB- , according to the Brookings Institution . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Brocade , Samsung , Acer , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley . ", "The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean . As a region , this term most often refers to the coastal states of California , Oregon and Washington . More specifically , it refers to an area defined on the east by the Cascade Range , Sierra Nevada and Mojave Desert , and on the west by the Pacific Ocean . The U.S. Census groups the five states of California , Oregon , Washington , Alaska , and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Internet_access", "Computer_port_-LRB-hardware-RRB-", "Browser_service", "Internet_OS", "Accessaphone" ]

[ "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "In computer hardware , a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices . In computer terms , a port generally refers to the female part of connection . Computer ports have many uses , to connect a monitor , webcam , speakers , or other peripheral devices . On the physical layer , a computer port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects . Electronically , the several conductors where the port and cable contacts connect , provide a method to transfer signals between devices . ", "Browser service or Computer Browser Service is a feature of Microsoft Windows to let users easily browse and locate shared resources in neighboring computers . This is done by aggregating the information in a single computer `` Browse Master '' -LRB- or `` Master Browser '' -RRB- . All other computers contact this computer for information and display in the Network Neighborhood window . Browser service runs on MailSlot / Server Message Block and thus can be used with all supported transport protocol such as NetBEUI , IPX/SPX and TCP/IP . Browser service relies heavily on broadcast , so it is not available across network segments separated by routers . Browsing across different IP subnets need the help of Domain Master Browser , which is always the Primary Domain Controller -LRB- PDC -RRB- . Therefore , browsing across IP subnets is not possible in a pure workgroup network . ", "Internet operating system , or Internet OS , is a term used in the computer industry to refer to any type of operating system designed to run all of its applications and services through an Internet client , generally a web browser . The advantages of such an OS would be that it would run on a thin client , allowing cheaper , more easily manageable computer systems ; it would require all applications to be designed on cross-platform , open standards ; and would not tie a user 's applications , documents , and preferences to a single computer , but rather place them on the cloud . The Internet OS has also been promoted as the perfect type of platform for software as a service . ", "accessaphone , first introduced in 2005 is CTI -LRB- Computer Telephony Integration -RRB- enabled software that provides better user access to desk and soft phones via the keyboard , mouse and/or voice commands . The application is specifically useful for users with various vision and mobility abilities . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "UNICEF_UK", "Erica_Kochi", "National_Children's_Bureau", "National_performing_arts_companies_of_Scotland", "Welfare_Committee_-LRB-Iceland-RRB-" ]

[ "UNICEF UK , also known as the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF , is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries . The National Committees raise funds for the organisation 's worldwide emergency and development work . In 2007 , UNICEF UK raised # 41.3 million for UNICEF 's work with children worldwide . UNICEF UK also advocates for lasting change for children . For example , it works to change government policies and practices that are detrimental to children 's rights in the UK and internationally . Internationally , UNICEF is the leading children 's organisation , reaching children in more than 150 less-developed countries around the world . It works with local communities , organisations and governments to make a lasting difference to children 's lives . The organisation 's global reach allows it to share knowledge across borders , while its local presence -- over 85 per cent of UNICEF staff work in developing countries - means it can deliver assistance where it is needed most . With its worldwide presence , UNICEF can respond rapidly wherever disaster strikes , delivering life-saving help for children . UNICEF believes that every child should have clean water , food , health care , education , and a safe environment in which to grow up . The organisation upholds the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and works to hold the international community responsible for their promises to children . UNICEF is not funded by the UN . Instead , it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide . UNICEF UK raises funds for these programmes through donations , the sale of cards and gifts , partnerships with companies and special events . UNICEF UK is a registered charity . ", "Erica Kochi , -LRB- born 1979 , in Sendai , Japan -RRB- is a humanitarian and a technologist who Co-Leads UNICEF 's Innovation Unit , together with Christopher Fabian . In 2013 , she was chosen by Time Magazine to be on the Time 100 list of the 100 most influential people in the world . UNICEF Innovation has recognized success in innovative design of development solutions . Examples of this work include the Digital Drum , which was recognized by Time magazine as one of the Top 50 inventions of 2011 , the award-winning RapidSMS - a system that uses basic mobile phones and SMS messages to communicate with front-line workers and improve the speed and quality of data collection and health and education services , and a Gold and Silver IDSA awards , and a Redhat prize for being one of the top four open source projects Since 2007 , UNICEF Innovation has worked with partners to develop open source technologies that have registered 7 million births in Nigeria over 15 months and provided antenatal care to thousands of pregnant women across Rwanda . These systems have led to successes such as the tracking of the distribution of more than 25 million insecticide treated mosquito nets and a direct feedback loop from more than 190,000 young Ugandans to engage with their government and change policy in real time . Before UNICEF , Kochi worked with the Commission for Macroeconomics and Health , a joint collaboration between the World Bank and the World Health Organization . Kochi has also co-taught `` Design for UNICEF '' at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts with Clay Shirky . She has lectured at the Yale School of Management , Harvard University , the Art Center College of Design , Stanford University School of Engineering , and Columbia University 's School of International and Public Affairs on technology , innovation , design and international development . ", "The National Children 's Bureau -LRB- NCB -RRB- is an English charity , based in Islington , London with another office in Belfast . It is primarily focused on improving the lives of children in England and Northern Ireland . NCB supports children to have influence in decisions that affect their lives through its youth engagement projects , as well as undertaking research and policy work , and having a team focused on improving early childhood . NCB is also an umbrella organisation and incorporates a family of councils and fora that explore a range of issues involving children and young people in England . NCB manages the Children 's Partnership with 4Children . Established in 2013 , The Children 's Partnership is the voluntary and community sector strategic partner to the Department for Education , led by 4Children and the National Children 's Bureau and in collaboration with Barnardo 's , the Family and Childcare Trust , NCVYS and NSPCC . NCB is part of the Health and Care Voluntary Sector Strategic Partner Programme which brings together voluntary and community sector -LRB- VCS -RRB- organisations . It enables VCS organisations to work in partnership with the Department of Health -LRB- DH -RRB- , NHS England and Public Health England -LRB- PHE -RRB- . ", "Scotland 's national arts companies are directly funded by the Scottish Government . In the country 's performing arts circles , they are often referred to as the Big Five . Scottish Ballet Scottish Opera Royal Scottish National Orchestra Scottish Chamber Orchestra National Theatre of Scotland ", "The Welfare Committee -LRB- Velferðarnefnd -RRB- is a standing committee of the Icelandic parliament . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Richard_Kuklinski", "Randy_Roth", "Matsuo_Fujimoto", "Roman_Polanski", "Miroslav_Deronjić" ]

[ "Richard Leonard Kuklinski -LRB- April 11 , 1935 -- March 5 , 2006 -RRB- was an American contract killer who was convicted for five murders . Kuklinski was given the nickname `` Iceman '' for his method of freezing a victim to mask the time of death . During his criminal career , fellow mobsters called Kuklinski `` the one-man army '' or `` the devil himself '' due to his fearsome reputation and imposing physique of 6 ' 5 '' -LRB- 196 cm -RRB- and 270 pounds -LRB- 122 kg -RRB- . Kuklinski lived with his wife and children in the suburb of Dumont , New Jersey . His family was apparently unaware of Kuklinski 's double life and crimes . A New Jersey Police task force was formed after Kuklinski was suspected of two murders . An eighteen month long undercover investigation led to his arrest in 1986 . He was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1988 . By the early to mid-1980s , Kuklinski was involved in narcotics , pornography , arms dealing , money laundering , hijacking and contract killing on a global basis . While his range of criminal activities expanded , he began to make mistakes . Although Kuklinski is claimed to have killed anyone who could testify against him , he got sloppy about disposing of his victims . Law enforcement began to suspect Kuklinski and started an investigation , gathering evidence about the various crimes he had committed . Kuklinski was a contract killer for Newark 's DeCavalcante crime family and New York City 's Five Families of the American Mafia . After his murder convictions , Kuklinski took part in a number of interviews during which he claimed to have murdered from over 100 to 250 men between 1948 and 1986 , though his recollection of events sometimes varied . Though some have expressed skepticism about the extent of Kuklinski 's alleged murders , police are confident in their belief that he was a serial killer who killed at least several dozen people both at the behest of organized crime bosses and on his own initiative . Many of Kuklinski 's claims were substantiated by author Philip Carlo in over 240 hours of interviews and via the dozens of cases Kuklinski helped New Jersey police clear after his incarceration . Three documentaries , two biographies and a feature film have been produced on Kuklinski based on his interviews and the results of the task force that brought Kuklinski to justice . ", "Randy Roth is a convicted murderer and thief from Washington . He was convicted of the 1991 murder of his fourth wife , Cynthia Baumgartner Roth . He was suspected but never tried for murdering his second wife , Janis Roth , in 1981 . In both deaths he was the only witness , he claimed the activity that led to the death was the idea of his deceased wife , and the bodies were cremated as quickly as could be arranged . He was also convicted of stealing in the form of defrauding insurers and the Social Security Administration and was sentenced to one year for theft and 50 years for first degree murder in 1992 . At least two true crime books are based on Roth 's crimes , A Rose for Her Grave by Ann Rule and Fatal Charm by Carlton Smith . ", "was a Japanese man charged for a 1952 murder and executed by hanging in 1962 . His guilty verdict , death sentence , and execution were controversial , because he suffered from leprosy and the Japanese government discriminated against people with leprosy at that time . On August 1 , 1951 , a dynamite charge was set in the house of a functionary who supported the segregation of leper patients . The police arrested Matsuo Fujimoto and he was detained at a leper colony , Kikuchi Keifuen Sanatorium , in Kumamoto Prefecture . He escaped from the hospital on June 16 , 1952 . On July 6 , the functionary was murdered . The police announced that Matsuo had killed him , and shot and captured him on July 12 . Although there was none of the victim 's blood on his dagger , the police extracted a confession from Matsuo . Fujimoto 's trial was abnormal , taking place in a special isolated court because of his condition . His first lawyers agreed with the prosecutors , and his supporters , including Yasuhiro Nakasone , viewed his trials as unfair . Kumamoto district court sentenced him to death on August 29 , 1953 and he was eventually executed by hanging on September 14 , 1962 after Kunio Nakagaki signed his death warrant . Later , when Japanese policy against lepers was criticised as unethical , the case came under review . In March 2005 , a verification committee established by the Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare concluded that `` Fujimoto 's case did not even come close to satisfying the constitutional requirements . '' ", "Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański -LRB- born 18 August 1933 -RRB- is a French-Polish film director , producer , writer , actor , and convicted statutory rapist . Born in Paris , his Polish-Jewish parents moved the family back to Poland in 1937 , when he was four . Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany 2 years later , in 1939 , and Polanski spent the next six years of his childhood mostly on his own , trying to survive the ongoing Holocaust . Polanski 's first feature-length film , Knife in the Water -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , made in Poland , was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . He has since received five more Oscar nominations , along with two BAFTAs , four Césars , a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France . In the United Kingdom he directed three films , beginning with Repulsion -LRB- 1965 -RRB- . In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemary 's Baby -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . A turning point in his life took place in 1969 , when his pregnant wife , Sharon Tate , along with four friends , were brutally murdered by members of the Manson Family . Following her death , Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing . He made Macbeth -LRB- 1971 -RRB- in England and back in Hollywood , Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which was nominated for eleven Academy Awards . In 1977 , Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session . He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape . He was released from prison after serving 42 days , and as part of an apparent plea bargain , was to be put on probation . When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain , he fled to Paris before sentencing . In Europe , Polanski continued to make films , including Tess -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , starring aspiring actress , Nastassja Kinski . It won France 's César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director , and received three Oscars . He later produced and directed The Pianist -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , starring Adrien Brody , in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician . The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director , along with numerous international awards . He also directed Oliver Twist -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , a story which parallels his own life as a `` young boy attempting to triumph over adversity '' . He was awarded Best Director for The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- at the 23rd European Film Awards Having made films in Poland , the United Kingdom , France , and the United States , he is considered one of the few international filmmakers . ", "Miroslav Deronjić -LRB- Мирослав Дероњић 6 June 1954 -- 19 May 2007 -RRB- was a Bosnian Serb who was charged with persecution , a crime against humanity , by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia -LRB- ICTY -RRB- for his actions related to the Glogova massacre in the Bosnian village of Glogova . Deronjić held the post of President of the Bratunac Municipal Board of the Serbian Democratic Party from 1990 to 1992 , and was later a member of its main board . In this role he ordered the attack on Glogova . Deronjić was arrested in Bosnia on 7 July 2001 . He originally pleaded not guilty to all charges , later pleading guilty to one charge of persecution . On 30 March 2004 , he was sentenced to ten years ' imprisonment . Deronjić was serving his sentence in Sweden where he died , aged 52 , from cancer , in a hospital . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Sausage_Party", "The_Nice_Guys", "Two_Good_Comrades", "The_Gray_Man_-LRB-2007_film-RRB-", "The_Birthday_Party_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Sausage Party is a 2016 adult computer-animated comedy film directed by Greg Tiernan and Conrad Vernon and written by Kyle Hunter , Ariel Shaffir , Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg . It stars the voices of Seth Rogen , Kristen Wiig , Jonah Hill , Bill Hader , Michael Cera , James Franco , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Paul Rudd , Nick Kroll , David Krumholtz , Edward Norton , and Salma Hayek . It is the first CGI-animated film to be rated R by the MPAA . A spoof of Disney and Pixar films , it follows a sausage who tries to discover the truth about his existence and goes on a journey with his friends to escape their fate . The film 's rough cut premiered on March 14 , 2016 at South by Southwest and the film was theatrically released in the United States and Canada on August 12 , 2016 by Columbia Pictures . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed more than $ 140 million . ", "The Nice Guys is a 2016 American neo-noir action comedy film directed by Shane Black and written by Black and Anthony Bagarozzi . The film stars Russell Crowe , Ryan Gosling , Angourie Rice , Matt Bomer , Margaret Qualley , Keith David and Kim Basinger . Set in Los Angeles , 1977 , the film focuses on a private eye -LRB- Gosling -RRB- and a tough enforcer -LRB- Crowe -RRB- who team up to investigate the disappearance of a teenage girl . The Nice Guys premiered on May 15 , 2016 , at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. . Pictures in the United States on May 20 , 2016 . It received positive reviews from critics but grossed just $ 57 million against its $ 50 million budget . ", "Two Good Comrades -LRB- German : Zwei gute Kameraden -RRB- is a 1933 German war comedy film directed by Max Obal and starring Paul Hörbiger , Fritz Kampers and Jessie Vihrog . The film 's art direction was by Robert A. Dietrich and Bruno Lutz . ", "The Gray Man -LRB- previously known as Wisteria : The Horrible Story of Albert Fish -RRB- is a 2007 biographical thriller film based on the actual life and events of American serial killer , rapist and cannibal Albert Fish . It premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival on August 31 , 2007 , and was scheduled for a theatrical release sometime in 2007 . It is directed by Scott Flynn and stars Belgian actor Patrick Bauchau as Albert Fish . ", "The Birthday Party is a 1968 British drama film directed by William Friedkin , and starring Robert Shaw , based on the 1957 play The Birthday Party by Harold Pinter . The screenplay for the film was written by Pinter as well . The film , and the play , are considered examples of `` comedy of menace '' , a genre associated with Pinter . The film was a passion project for Friedkin , who had been a fan of the play , and he remained proud of the film after its release , though it was a box office disappointment . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Sausage_Party", "The_Nice_Guys", "Two_Good_Comrades", "The_Gray_Man_-LRB-2007_film-RRB-", "The_Birthday_Party_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Sausage Party is a 2016 adult computer-animated comedy film directed by Greg Tiernan and Conrad Vernon and written by Kyle Hunter , Ariel Shaffir , Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg . It stars the voices of Seth Rogen , Kristen Wiig , Jonah Hill , Bill Hader , Michael Cera , James Franco , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Paul Rudd , Nick Kroll , David Krumholtz , Edward Norton , and Salma Hayek . It is the first CGI-animated film to be rated R by the MPAA . A spoof of Disney and Pixar films , it follows a sausage who tries to discover the truth about his existence and goes on a journey with his friends to escape their fate . The film 's rough cut premiered on March 14 , 2016 at South by Southwest and the film was theatrically released in the United States and Canada on August 12 , 2016 by Columbia Pictures . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed more than $ 140 million . ", "The Nice Guys is a 2016 American neo-noir action comedy film directed by Shane Black and written by Black and Anthony Bagarozzi . The film stars Russell Crowe , Ryan Gosling , Angourie Rice , Matt Bomer , Margaret Qualley , Keith David and Kim Basinger . Set in Los Angeles , 1977 , the film focuses on a private eye -LRB- Gosling -RRB- and a tough enforcer -LRB- Crowe -RRB- who team up to investigate the disappearance of a teenage girl . The Nice Guys premiered on May 15 , 2016 , at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. . Pictures in the United States on May 20 , 2016 . It received positive reviews from critics but grossed just $ 57 million against its $ 50 million budget . ", "Two Good Comrades -LRB- German : Zwei gute Kameraden -RRB- is a 1933 German war comedy film directed by Max Obal and starring Paul Hörbiger , Fritz Kampers and Jessie Vihrog . The film 's art direction was by Robert A. Dietrich and Bruno Lutz . ", "The Gray Man -LRB- previously known as Wisteria : The Horrible Story of Albert Fish -RRB- is a 2007 biographical thriller film based on the actual life and events of American serial killer , rapist and cannibal Albert Fish . It premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival on August 31 , 2007 , and was scheduled for a theatrical release sometime in 2007 . It is directed by Scott Flynn and stars Belgian actor Patrick Bauchau as Albert Fish . ", "The Birthday Party is a 1968 British drama film directed by William Friedkin , and starring Robert Shaw , based on the 1957 play The Birthday Party by Harold Pinter . The screenplay for the film was written by Pinter as well . The film , and the play , are considered examples of `` comedy of menace '' , a genre associated with Pinter . The film was a passion project for Friedkin , who had been a fan of the play , and he remained proud of the film after its release , though it was a box office disappointment . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]