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PRISMA flowchart of the scientific literature search and study selection. Data added to the PRISMA template (from Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. n: number of references
PMC10159312
SNI-14-124-g003.jpg
0.403221
a52bcdcd246b435fb1d4c972fa230ca5
Flow diagram of studies searched in this meta-analysis.
PMC10159347
pone.0285197.g001.jpg
0.474215
99f514681a604fe2b9b4510ecf7f1dea
Graphs of risk of bias for studies.
PMC10159347
pone.0285197.g002.jpg
0.384302
00a09ec1f08943948a04cbbfa6167b7f
Quality assessment for risk of bias for studies.
PMC10159347
pone.0285197.g003.jpg
0.404759
fd3f1e2fbb134df5bed75089bcd61792
Effect of tirzepatide vs placebo on body weight.
PMC10159347
pone.0285197.g004.jpg
0.377971
a88871dd82d14e3692b357c4d16fe941
Effect of tirzepatide vs GLP-1 RAs (semaglutide and dulaglutide) on body weight.
PMC10159347
pone.0285197.g005.jpg
0.423128
97e21b1290d34e0c93c2a60d4a74781f
Effect of tirzepatide vs insulin (insulin degludec and insulin glargine) on body weight.
PMC10159347
pone.0285197.g006.jpg
0.403616
79daf0b8c40d4789be10b60197703e48
Scaffolding strategy to assemble multi-enzymatic systems.a Schematic representation of the TRAP-based scaffold composed by TRAP1 (in purple) and TRAP3 (in blue) and their corresponding cognate recognition peptides (MEEVV for TRAP1 and MRRVW for TRAP3) fused to FDH dimer (in red, PDB ID: “5DNA [10.2210/pdb5DNA/pdb]”) and AlaDH hexamer (in green, PDB ID: “1PJB [10.2210/pdb1PJB/pdb]”). b Assembly architecture, in which first AlaDH3 hexamer nucleates 6 TRAP1-3 units and the complex is then loaded with three FDH1 dimers, resulting in a 6:3:1 TRAP1-3:FDH1:AlaDH3 stoichiometry in the final assembly (i.e. a 1:1:1 stoichiometry of monomers). c Hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the different systems measured by Fluidity One W. Rh of free scaffold (TRAP1-3), tagged enzymes (FDH1 and AlaDH3), incomplete assemblies with only one enzyme bound (FDH1@TRAP and AlaDH3@TRAP), and complete assembly with the two enzymes bound (FDH1/AlaDH3@TRAP). The data are presented as the mean of two replicate experiments (n = 2). Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.418552
8a7d5e17e63f42c0a8c44a43016a01b3
Activity of scaffolded enzyme systems on TRAP assemblies.Relative activity of free enzymes (FDH1 and AlaDH3) and scaffolded enzyme systems (FDH1@TRAP, AlaDH3@TRAP, and FDH1/AlaDH3@TRAP). 100% of AlaDH and FDH activities correspond to 22.1 U·mg−1 and 0.83 U·mg−1, respectively. The data are presented as the mean of two replicate experiments (n = 2). Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.446732
4cc4443c260844aa85e703fb323720fc
L-Alanine synthesis activity of the scaffolded enzymes in batch-mode.a Scheme of the catalytic cycle that was tested by the HPLC. b L-Alanine yield at 1:1 molar ratio of FDH1:AlaDH3 monomers for the free enzyme system (FDH1/AlaDH3, empty circles) and the scaffolded enzyme system (FDH1/AlaDH3@TRAP, full circles). c Structure of the TRAP1-3 scaffold showing the surface electrostatic potential. Peptides 1 and 3 are shown in orange and green sticks, respectively and the distance between the two recognition sites is shown. NADH co-factor docked on the TRAP scaffold is shown in light blue sticks representation. d Interpolation line for FDH1/AlaDH3 free system with the transient time highlighted with an arrow. Reaction mixture: 100 mM formate, 75 mM pyruvate, 500 mM ammonium chloride and 0.5 mM NADH. The data are presented as the mean of two replicate experiments (n = 2), and error bars represent standard deviations. Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.483583
8eeb0587c1b24c3ea8e91bc232b613d7
Side reaction competitive catalytic assay.a Schematic representation of the competitive catalytic assay reaction. b Competitive catalytic assay results reported as the consumption of NADH cofactor measured at 340 nm and the formation of H2O2 by measuring the production of resorufin at 560 nm. Both reactions using separately scaffolded enzymes (FDH1@TRAP/AlaDH3@TRAP, empty bars) or scaffolded enzymes in the same scaffold (FDH1/AlaDH3@TRAP, filled bars) were analyzed at both wavelengths to observe changes in the NADH consumption and H2O2 formation. Reaction mixture: 100 mM formate, 75 mM pyruvate, 500 mM ammonium chloride, 0.5 mM NADH, 0.15 mM FAD+, 0.1 mg/mL HRP, and 0.05 mM Amplex Red (AR). The data are presented as the mean of two replicate experiments (n = 2). Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.432786
ce05ac2abba24e3f9a3bf0025ef29421
Isotopic enrichment assay coupled to competition assay for the synthesis of L-Alanine-2-d.a Scheme of the catalytic cycle that was tested by the HPLC-MS. b Isotopic abundance of deuterated L-Alanine-2-d (M/z = 324) for the free enzyme system (FDH1/AlaDH3, empty circles) and the scaffolded enzyme system (FDH1/AlaDH3@TRAP, filled orange circles). Reaction mixture: 75 mM deuterated formate, 25 mM formate, 75 mM pyruvate, 500 mM ammonium chloride, 0.5 mM NADH and 0.15 mM FAD+. Alanine standard is shown in filled black circles. Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.378272
6241fed5bc694a81aba38792757f7f6b
Confocal fluorescence microscopy images (20X magnification) of co-immobilized FDH1/AlaDH3@TRAP on tri-functional carrier.AlaDH3 and FDH1 were labeled with Alexa Fluor-488 (AF488) and Alexa-Fluor 647 (AF647). a Spatial distribution of AlaDH3 (green channel), b FDH1 (red channel) and c overlay of the two fluorophores. The inlet shows micrographs at lower magnification. d Radial profile and e relative infiltration distance of labeled AlaDH3 (green line and bar) and FDH1 (red line and bar). Relative infiltration distance is defined as the fraction of the radius where the fluorescence intensity was higher than 50% of the maximum intensity. The data are presented as the mean of ten replicate experiments (n = 10), and error bars represent standard deviations. f Co-localization map created with Colormap Image J plugin. The scale refers to the co-localization degree of the two labeled enzymes. Blue pixels (value = −1) mean the absence of co-localization. Red pixels (value = 1) mean a high degree of co-localization. The regions framed with the dashed red square represent those pixels with co-localization values > 0.1 where the spatial colocalization of the two fluorophores is statistically significant. Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig6_HTML.jpg
0.459987
c07d29cd73e54df7b4704da8f9cd8c71
Operational performance and reusability of the scaffolded enzyme systems immobilized on porous carriers.a L-Alanine yield % comparing different multi-enzyme systems in solution and immobilized after 24 h. b L-Alanine yield % in a reusability test for free (FDH1/AlaDH3) (empty bars) and scaffolded (FDH1/AlaDH3@TRAP) (orange bars) enzyme systems. Reaction mixture: 100 mM formate, 75 mM pyruvate, 500 mM ammonium chloride and 0.5 mM NADH. The data are presented as the mean of two replicate experiments (n = 2). Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig7_HTML.jpg
0.443269
cc63f9b7079e4dd9a3366bcd2490aa2d
Benzylamine biosynthesis using a three-enzyme organized multi-enzymatic system.a Scheme of the parallel reactions to produce benzylamine. b Relative activity of ωTA2 in the free and scaffolded form (FDH1/ωTA2/AlaDH3@TRAP). 100% of ωTA activity corresponds to 5.58 U·mg−1. c Benzylamine chromatographic yield % at an enzyme monomer ratio of 1:1:1 for in free (FDH1/ωTA2/AlaDH3) and scaffolded system (FDH1/ωTA2/AlaDH3@TRAP). Reaction mixture: 10 mM benzaldehyde, 50 mM pyruvate, 500 mM ammonium formate, 0.1 mM PLP and 0.5 mM NADH. The data are presented as the mean of two replicate experiments (n = 2). Source data are provided as Source Data file.
PMC10160029
41467_2023_38304_Fig8_HTML.jpg
0.43042
f05ce07f6e75411595c07f26dfd81871
a Stick balancing on a linear track. The stick is pinned to the cart, which is constrained to move along the rail. Subjects were asked to sit on a chair so that their shoulders were parallel to the rail, and balance the stick in the ML direction with their dominant hand using the handle of the cart. b Two degree of freedom mechanical model of the stick balancing task, where the generalized coordinates are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φ and x. The stick exerts planar motion in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(x_1,y_1)$$\end{document}(x1,y1) plane. The mass and length of the stick are m and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ell $$\end{document}ℓ, respectively. The mass and height of the truncated cone for modeling the human forearm are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m_{\textrm{f}}$$\end{document}mf and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ell _{\textrm{f}}$$\end{document}ℓf, the radius of the base and top circles are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$r_{\textrm{f}}$$\end{document}rf and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_{\textrm{f}}$$\end{document}Rf, respectively. The mass of the hand and of the cart are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m_{\textrm{h}}$$\end{document}mh and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m_{\textrm{c}}$$\end{document}mc
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.416201
4afebf3da1864a1db5b690b13bf09aea
Linear stability diagrams for a stick of length \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ell =90$$\end{document}ℓ=90 cm controlled by DSF and by PF for feedback delay \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tau =230$$\end{document}τ=230 ms. The dashed black curves show the stability boundaries for PF while \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{c}}=D_{\textrm{c}}=0$$\end{document}Pc=Dc=0, the stable domain in this case is the quarter plane defined by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{s}}\ge g(m+m_{\textrm{e}})$$\end{document}Ps≥g(m+me) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D_{\textrm{s}}\ge 0$$\end{document}Ds≥0. The solid black curves show the stability boundaries for DSF while \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{c}}=D_{\textrm{c}}=0$$\end{document}Pc=Dc=0 and the stable region is shown by gray shading. The blue and the red curves show the D-curves for PF and DSF respectively, while \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{c}}$$\end{document}Pc and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D_{\textrm{c}}$$\end{document}Dc are set according to the label above each panel. Reddish and blueish shaded areas indicate the corresponding stable domains
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.460584
455dc7770eac4623be0db765f353927f
a Time histories, phase portraits and PSDs of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φ and x for a representative trial by S21 (OD subject). b Time histories, phase portraits and PSDs of the solution provided by the DSF model with parameters identified for S21. Parameters: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{s}}=22, D_{\textrm{s}}=6.3, P_{\textrm{c}}=0.5, D_{\textrm{c}}=1, \varPi _{{\dot{\varphi }}}=0.05^{\circ }$$\end{document}Ps=22,Ds=6.3,Pc=0.5,Dc=1,Πφ˙=0.05∘/s, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varPi _{\varphi }=0.05^{\circ }$$\end{document}Πφ=0.05∘, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tau =200$$\end{document}τ=200 ms
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.438065
66911fdcc7af41ee94e1c50fb535a0d3
a Time histories, phase portraits and PSDs of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φ and x for a representative trial by S6 (MD subject). b Time histories, phase portraits and PSDs of the solution provided by the DSF model with parameters identified for S6. Parameters: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{s}}=25.2, D_{\textrm{s}}=9.6, P_{\textrm{c}}=0.5, D_{\textrm{c}}=1, \varPi _{{\dot{\varphi }}}=0.1^{\circ }$$\end{document}Ps=25.2,Ds=9.6,Pc=0.5,Dc=1,Πφ˙=0.1∘/s, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varPi _{\varphi }=0^{\circ }$$\end{document}Πφ=0∘, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tau =170$$\end{document}τ=170 ms
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.46547
55eebd7357434e32a4252026b7ece59e
Stabilometry parameters determined from the measured time signals of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φ and x as a function of subject number. Symbol ‘+’ denotes values for many-day (MD) subjects, while ‘\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$*$$\end{document}∗’ denotes values for one-day (OD) subjects. Black markers show stabilometry values for measurements and red markers show stabilometry values obtained from simulations with the control parameters identified for each subject individually. Green check marks show significant difference (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p<0.05$$\end{document}p<0.05) in the stabilometry parameters between MD (S1–S6) and OD balancers (S7–S31) while red cross depicts no significant difference
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.421815
2b4c0074e04f44a29eea137dc661c2d8
Top: distribution of the identified \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tau $$\end{document}τ values based on the minimum of the cost function for a many-day (MD) and for b one-day (OD) subjects for the DSF model. Bottom: boxplot for the cost function values as a function of the applied time delays for c MD and for d OD subjects. Red central mark: median; blue box: interquartile range (IQR); black dashed whiskers: min–max values not considered outliers; red \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$+$$\end{document}+ marks: outliers
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig6_HTML.jpg
0.410285
3db194f890814ea4b6df830420f593ff
Top: distribution of the identified \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tau $$\end{document}τ values based on the minimum of the cost function for a many-day (MD) and for b one-day (OD) subjects for the PF model. Bottom: boxplot for the cost function values as a function of the applied time delays for c MD and for d OD subjects. Boxplot notation is the same as in Fig. 6
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig7_HTML.jpg
0.41322
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Validation of the parameter identification method using simulation with the identified OD parameters of the DSF model. Top: distribution of the identified \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\tau $$\end{document}τ values based on the minimum of the cost function for a PF and b DSF model. Bottom: boxplot for the cost function values as a function of the applied time delays for c PF and for d DSF model. Boxplot notation is the same as in Fig. 6
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig8_HTML.jpg
0.475447
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Left panels: linear stability diagrams of a MD and c OD subjects, symbol ‘+’ denotes the estimated \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{s}}$$\end{document}Ps and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D_{\textrm{s}}$$\end{document}Ds values for MD, while ‘\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$*$$\end{document}∗’ denotes the estimated \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\textrm{s}}$$\end{document}Ps and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D_{\textrm{s}}$$\end{document}Ds values for OD subjects. Grey shading indicates stable regions and contour curves indicate different exponential decay rates \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma $$\end{document}γ. Right panels: the corresponding time histories for b MD and d OD subjects (without dead zone applied in the model)
PMC10160210
422_2023_957_Fig9_HTML.jpg
0.530477
1172a883ea2c496ab816c852d8da7c96
Kaplan-Meier analysis of OS and PFS for BLNLR, ΔNLR%, BMI, number of metastatic sites. (A) OS curve for BLNLR. (B) OS curve for ΔNLR%. (C) OS curve for BMI. (D) OS curve for number of metastatic sites. (E) PFS curve for BLNLR. (F) PFS curve for ΔNLR%. (G) PFS curve for BMI. (H) PFS curve for number of metastatic sites. BLNLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio before the first cycle of PD-1 inhibitor; ΔNLR%, relative NLR change (calculated as % change) before the third cycle of PD-1 inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.
PMC10160371
fonc-13-1118301-g001.jpg
0.44214
50364e01aec84543b8338be80e3b7e91
Kaplan-Meier analysis of OS and PFS for the combination of BLNLR and ΔNLR%. (A) OS curve. (B) PFS curve. BLNLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio before the first cycle of PD-1 inhibitor; ΔNLR%, relative NLR change (calculated as % change) before the third cycle of PD-1 inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.
PMC10160371
fonc-13-1118301-g002.jpg
0.463179
583bf30817d04b9791ec9c050dfd59f6
Pathway and resource use associated with risk-stratification in a breast cancer screening programme 1 .
PMC10161319
10.1177_23814683231171363-fig1.jpg
0.447046
ce5e44d37149431099d3245dfc42942c
Pathway and resource use for obtaining breast density images (sub-model A).
PMC10161319
10.1177_23814683231171363-fig2.jpg
0.482993
01349d3c7e724955a2920c4452ce1ce4
Pathway and resource use for obtaining genetic data (sub-model B).
PMC10161319
10.1177_23814683231171363-fig3.jpg
0.553128
36b36de712a148c7b49cc86dbb1055d6
Cost of genetic testing (SNP analysis) by batch size.
PMC10161319
10.1177_23814683231171363-fig4.jpg
0.461713
22fbe6a0e8ba4648b4093791757e9203
Legend?
PMC10162604
APJCP-24-471-g001.jpg
0.447954
851dc90e001240aa9a185150a5b306c5
Box Plot of Different Delays
PMC10162604
APJCP-24-471-g002.jpg
0.506571
73d86842dbf74aaa8802517e72452b3b
Blaschkoid lesions on the lower limb
PMC10162736
IJD-68-123e-g001.jpg
0.456946
7c1048b57e694a1dbe5c9d379250bc11
Lesions in Blaschkoid pattern on the back
PMC10162736
IJD-68-123e-g002.jpg
0.466914
58fab683d9f7434da17389089a3e93b4
Lesions on the front of the chest
PMC10162736
IJD-68-123e-g003.jpg
0.495875
32b70a7cb2e8445fac9d2c5609a453b8
10× view histopathology showing psoriasiform dermatitis
PMC10162736
IJD-68-123e-g004.jpg
0.438203
ff1394349be3420eb5c418a193f4acac
40× view histopathology showing hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and thinned granular layer
PMC10162736
IJD-68-123e-g005.jpg
0.460663
162de9d192844fa19810f1705174f371
Components of the delivery strategies for RTS, S/AS01E vaccination in areas with seasonal malaria. EPI, Essential Programme on Immunisation.
PMC10163455
bmjgh-2023-011838f01.jpg
0.41105
354acdaa04704789857f8493ea7c76ac
Potential strategies for the delivery of RTS, S/AS01E alongside SMC. EPI, Essential Programme on Immunisation; MVCs, mass vaccination campaigns; NMCP, National Malaria Control Programme; SMC, seasonal malaria chemoprevention.
PMC10163455
bmjgh-2023-011838f02.jpg
0.41051
eda8f8b51e1d49fc98f8ae2e0268d73d
The benefits and challenges are labelled as to whether within the strategy, they relate to the vaccination schedule, or the delivery system(s) used. EPI, Essential Programme on Immunisation; HWs, health workers; MVCs, mass vaccination campaigns; SMC, seasonal malaria chemoprevention.
PMC10163455
bmjgh-2023-011838f03.jpg
0.565487
037c540314424ee58a98631523ba916a
Holistic needs assessment: the concerns checklist.
PMC10163480
bmjopen-2022-066829f01.jpg
0.517028
7e9cce9cd41d49559ab0d006c5dba94f
Flow of participants through the trial.
PMC10163480
bmjopen-2022-066829f02.jpg
0.43173
bea16a0600a249e085fd7ca3c27d6719
Barchart: Mean scores for Lorig Self-Efficacy scale by group, with 95% CIs.
PMC10163480
bmjopen-2022-066829f03.jpg
0.422856
f7a9fe8742c04080b66c83a5c78fb62f
Opioid Prescribing by Race/Ethnicity and Guideline-Procedure Group. Mean percent differences in prescribed total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) versus non-Hispanic white group were derived from statistical models, with adjustment and propensity-score weighting for warranted covariates (see Methods section). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Above or below each bar is the calculated, absolute mean difference in total MME and, in parentheses, the mean difference in 5-mg oxycodone equivalent pills, for each racial and ethnic minority group relative to the NHW group based on unadjusted values for NHW patients. *Indicates statistically significant difference, at alpha of 0.05, in bold text. MIS, minimally invasive surgery; NHA, non-Hispanic Asian; NHB, non-Hispanic Black; NHO, non-Hispanic Other; SLNB, sentinel lymph node biopsy; TKA, total knee arthroplasty
PMC10163682
13690_2023_1095_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.453829
da8a16b8ac5b4dac80ce52d98d2c0a71
Flowchart of the Search Phases to Select Studies for Systematic Review Based on the PRISMA Statement
PMC10163913
IJPS-18-83-g001.jpg
0.423535
3ff9b1cf23b74b5ebee9482a81c20aee
Proliferation and differentiation of large yellow croaker PSCs and PADSCs.a Diagrams showing that epaxial muscles and coelom walls of large yellow croaker were used to isolate the primary culture of PSCs and PADSCs respectively. Scale bars: 80 µm. b Primary cultures at different time points and passage 3 of PSCs and PADSCs. Scale bars: 80 µm; c The growth curves of PSCs and PADSCs at passage 3 were analyzed by CCK-8 method with three replicates. d Representative images of immunofluorescence staining of PSCs at passage 3. Green: Pax7 or MyoD1; Blue: Hoechst 33342 for nuclear staining. Scale bars: 80 µm. e Average percentages of Pax7- and MyoD1-positive cells derived from image d with five replicates. Box indicates IQR; whisker indicates min or max; plus shows mean. f Representative images of bright-field and fluorescence staining of PSCs during myogenic differentiation at day 0, 3, 6. Green: Desmin; Blue: Hoechst 33342; Scale bars: 80 µm. g Myotube fusion index counted from image i with five replicates. Box: IQR; Whiskers: min or max; Plus: mean. h Image of immunofluorescence staining of PADSCs at passage 3. Green: HoxC9; Blue: Hoechst 33342. Scale bars: 80 µm. i Average percentage of HoxC9-positive cells counted from image f with 5 replicates. Box: IQR; Whisker: min or max; Plus: mean. j Representative images of bright-field and oil red O staining of PADSCs during adipogenic differentiation at day 0, 1, 6. Lipid droplets in red were stained by oil red O and nuclei in blue were stained by hematoxylin. Scale bars: 40 µm.
PMC10164169
41538_2023_194_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.382771
dba704c56d8346ff857f0e23509623b0
Improving the myogenic differentiation efficiency by transcriptomic analysis.a Heatmap showing the z value of all differentially expressed genes during myogenic differentiation between day 0, day 3 and day 6. Genes (rows) and sample (columns) were clustered using average linkage clustering with Euclidean distances. b Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes between day 0 and day 3. Significantly differentially expressed myogenesis genes were highlighted. c Top 10 enrichment GO analysis for up-regulation (red bar) and downregulated (blue bar) DEGs at day 3, compared to day 0. The number indicated the proportion of the significantly up/downregulated genes in total genes per gene ontology. d–i, Heatmaps showing the expression patterns of genes corresponding to myogenesis (d), cell cycle (e), notch signal pathways (f), TGF-beta signal pathways (g), myofibroblastic (h), extracellular matrix (i), from day 0 to day 6. j Representative bright-field and immunofluorescence images of PSCs at day 6 in different differentiation media. In first two days, the cells were cultured with F12 medium containing 8% HS, 1×PS and with or without Repsox (R, 5 μM) and LY411575 (L, 10 nM). After 2 days. The culture was added with same volume DMEM medium containing 8% FBS, 200 nM dexamethasone, 1×PS. Scale bars: 80 µm. k Myotube fusion index counted from images j with three replicates. Statistical analysis was performed on relevant data using Student’s two-tailed t-test. Error bars indicated s.d. **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005.
PMC10164169
41538_2023_194_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.409942
139f6094967e426a9b48bf9928255dde
Effects of supporting materials of 3D-scaffold on fish cell adhesion and growth.a Average cell viabilities in different supporting materials including porcine gelatin (PG), fish gelatin (FG), Hyaluronic acid (HA), silk fibroin (SF), and chitosan. Statistical analysis was performed on relevant data using Student’s two-tailed t-test. Error bars for three replicates indicated s.d. NS: not significant; *P < 0.05. b, c Gel point (b) and viscosity (c) of supporting materials with different ratios of gelatin basis (5/10%) and 1% sodium alginate (SA). The square and triangle symbols in b represented G’ and G” respectively. d Calcein-AM fluorescence images of PSCs treated with different concentrations of CaCl2 for different times. The non-adherent PSCs were spherical, while the adherent PSCs became spindle-shaped and gradually underwent proliferation. Scale bar, 50 μm. e, f Elastic modulus of scaffolds (e) and cell adhesion rates of PSCs (f) treated with different concentrations of CaCl2 for different times. The experiments were repeated for three times and statistical analysis was performed on relevant data using Student’s two-tailed t-test. Error bars indicated s.d. **P < 0.005, ****P < 0.0001. g Average number of PSCs measured with CCK-8 kit at day 5 of 3D culture with three replicates. Error bars indicated s.d. **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005, ****P < 0.0001. h Average myotube fusion index in different 3D Culture Conditions as indicated. R: Repsox; L: LY411575. Statistical analysis was performed on relevant data using Student’s two-tailed t-test. Error bars for three replicates indicated s.d. **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005.
PMC10164169
41538_2023_194_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.403572
23fbfdba1d484bffaae4b59e3e9833af
Muscle tissue formation under guidance of biomimetic model of scaffold.a Schematic diagram of construction of biomimetic 3D-printed model based on native large yellow croaker muscle tissue. b Micro-CT images of native fish epaxial muscle. Blue: Intermuscular filler tissues; Orange: Muscle tissues; Muscle scaffold model was designed from simplified native muscle texture. Scale bar: 1 mm. c Calcein-AM fluorescence images of PSCs in scaffolds at day 3 and 10 days of proliferation. Scale bar, 100 μm. d Representative fluorescence image of myobubes in 3D culture at days 7 of differentiation. The PSCs in scaffolds were cultured in proliferation medium for 10 days, and then transferred to differentiation medium for 7 days. Green: Desmin; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar, 100 μm. e Growth curve of PSCs in optimized gelatin-based scaffold. Error bars for three replicates indicate s.d.
PMC10164169
41538_2023_194_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.423206
28a87864d4bb48dfae174194a518ebbe
Characterization of tissue-like cultured fish fillets.a Representative images of cultured and native tissue fillets of large yellow croaker. Scale bar, 5 mm. b Average numbers of muscle cells and adipocytes in cultured fish fillets and native fish fillets with a size about 0.96 cm3. Error bars for three replicates indicated s.d.. NS: not significant. *P < 0.05. c Muscle and fat ratios in cell cultured fish fillets and native fish fillets. Error bars for three replicates indicated s.d. NS, not significant. *P < 0.05. d Representative images of muscle fibers of native fish fillets and cultured fish fillets. Red: hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; Scale bar, 100 μm. e Texture properties of empty scaffold, cultured fish fillet and native fish fillet. f Water distribution of transverse relaxation time (T2) spectra. “a.u.” denoted arbitrary unit.
PMC10164169
41538_2023_194_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.526329
e00b4dfee44140188b208cb8345d2fcd
INCISIVE common data model backbone
PMC10164664
41747_2023_336_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.397956
ae1675c7c43c4dc8bee4b6ce556dcd8e
The Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) process in INCISIVE
PMC10164664
41747_2023_336_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.402135
5badbe74640d468e9ef3c50d264b7ae3
Diagnostic workup in AIHA. A, additional criteria for mixed AIHA (DAT strongly positive for both IgG and C3d, cold agglutinin titer ≥64, indirect antiglobulin test positive for IgG at 37°C); ARC, absolute reticulocyte count; BM, bone marrow; CAD, cold agglutinin disease; cAIHA, cold-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia; CAS, cold agglutinin syndrome; DAT, direct antiglobulin test; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; SPEP, serum protein electrophoresis; wAIHA, warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
PMC10165002
fimmu-14-1180509-g001.jpg
0.457284
8beeb91edd5a46ac952a2cac038ba140
Severity of anemia in CAD. Hemoglobin levels correlate negatively with parameters of hemolysis, but do not correlate with IgM levels. LDH, lactate dehydrogense; LLN, lower limit of normal. Based on data from Berentsen et al. (61). Figure first published in Front Immunol 2020 by Berentsen (71), reused under a Creative Commons CC-BY license 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). © S. Berentsen 2020.
PMC10165002
fimmu-14-1180509-g002.jpg
0.454084
00f5336add7c4580a0562fe99ab7c643
Suggested therapeutic algorithm in warm-antibody AIHA. ESA may be used as a supplement at any stage as well as in the last line. CyA, cyclosporine A; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; Pred, prednisolone or prednisone.
PMC10165002
fimmu-14-1180509-g003.jpg
0.430019
4c4259b95e2646b9a4eccd15c98c47bd
Suggested therapeutic algorithm in cold agglutinin disease. B, bendamustine; R, rituximab; W&W, watch and wait.
PMC10165002
fimmu-14-1180509-g004.jpg
0.462491
49d182e98c98489480fd8c3a93968fcc
Variable network based on GLASSO model (Lambda = 0.1).
PMC10165092
fpsyg-14-1129692-g001.jpg
0.480039
7b0991f6f1ee42b1aeaeb880f22e403c
Estimation results of a higher-order factor model of the influence mechanism of teachers’ emotional intelligence.
PMC10165092
fpsyg-14-1129692-g002.jpg
0.515902
bf51c4ac60ae4cffb20c333590298fcd
Structural equation model estimation results of AEE affecting life satisfaction.
PMC10165092
fpsyg-14-1129692-g003.jpg
0.506875
c5280a9f4afa4c93b4cc4cdac557a424
Structural equation model estimation results of UE affecting life satisfaction.
PMC10165092
fpsyg-14-1129692-g004.jpg
0.53016
e46f725365424560ab513fb0fa10aa37
Structural equation model estimation results of RE affecting life satisfaction.
PMC10165092
fpsyg-14-1129692-g005.jpg
0.404655
2aa459d2e7fa4fa3ad0bd1fe7ee1b223
Selection of study participants.
PMC10165120
fpsyt-14-1152286-g001.jpg
0.411517
158c94ac57b840d58d7393d091dff6f3
Associations between predictors and initiation of medication use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing initiators with non-initiators).
PMC10165120
fpsyt-14-1152286-g002.jpg
0.47559
35c4c32171934ee68ec211cae062ae4d
(A) Time to discontinuation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use (N = 20179). (B) Time to discontinuation of use for 5 most common initial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication (other medications have very few users). LA, long-acting; SA, short-acting; polytherapy, initiation with two or more drugs at the same time.
PMC10165120
fpsyt-14-1152286-g003.jpg
0.425536
b626d57a97e94387827bd8c27ae9740c
Associations between predictors and discontinuation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication (hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing those who discontinued with those who continued ADHD during the follow-up.
PMC10165120
fpsyt-14-1152286-g004.jpg
0.424786
8e723f6945e8450da0d75c245e753dd4
The operation process of PEB. (a) The 8‐F vascular introducer sheath was put in close touch with tissue in the filling defect according to angiography. (b) Multiangle angiography to determine the relative position of the sheath and the lesion. (c) Endomyocardial biopsy forceps (2.2 mm × 50 cm, 7 F Maxi‐Curved; Argon Medical Devices). (d) Under fluoroscopic guidance, the biopsy device was advanced outside the introducer tip and subsequently gently placed on the mass to obtain the tissue sample. (e) After the procedure, a second pulmonary angiography confirmed the absence of vascular injury. (f) Right pulmonary artery mass tissue obtained by biopsy forceps and the final histological findings was TE by choriocarcinoma. PEB, percutaneous endovascular biopsy; TE, tumoral embolism.
PMC10166081
PUL2-13-e12234-g001.jpg
0.442451
7da4d69ded1445be9ba5e24be47c96aa
The difference between 8‐F MPA catheter and 8‐F vascular introducer sheath. (a) The biopsy forceps can just pass through the 8‐F MPA catheter (outer diameter of 2.7 mm; inner diameter of 2.2 mm; Cordis). And the biopsy forceps needed to be sent outside the tip of the catheter for angiography to determine the location of the biopsy forceps (red arrow). (b) The 8‐F vascular introducer sheath (inner diameter of 2.87 mm, Super Arrow‐Flex; Arrow) with a large space between the biopsy forceps and the sheath. Angiography can be directly performed to confirm that the tip of the introducers is adjacent to the mass without pulling back the introducer sheath (red arrow). MPA, main pulmonary artery.
PMC10166081
PUL2-13-e12234-g002.jpg
0.456341
37d8f15cb91947da99bd50447e63115a
Meta-analysis flow-chart diagram according to the PRISMA guideline.
PMC10166833
fmed-10-1171294-g001.jpg
0.482627
871dfb2fe0c344ffb3b5867804bf51f5
Methodological quality assessment of the included studies (Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 1.0).
PMC10166833
fmed-10-1171294-g002.jpg
0.494098
ae44790b8aad4cec8f073a746df17e02
The forest plot depicts the mortality by comparing the melatonin group versus control group.
PMC10166833
fmed-10-1171294-g003.jpg
0.417878
f818261117a94e1db498745c999101d1
Forest plots demonstrate the secondary outcomes comparing the melatonin group versus control group in (A) recovery rate of symptoms, (B) changes of C-reactive protein (CRP), (C) changes of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), (D) changes of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
PMC10166833
fmed-10-1171294-g004.jpg
0.447411
79cbb100eb184c4eb139471f863f7886
Trial sequential analysis of mortality rate. A diversity adjusted information size of 10,277 patients was calculated using 5% of type 1 error (2-sided), a power of 80%, an anticipated relative risk of 20.0%.
PMC10166833
fmed-10-1171294-g005.jpg
0.418165
acf5135ce24c4d299892efaa3ba86924
Trial sequential analysis of recovery rate of symptoms. A diversity adjusted information size of 2,154 patients was calculated using 5% of type 1 error (2-sided), a power of 80%, an anticipated relative risk of 20.0%.
PMC10166833
fmed-10-1171294-g006.jpg
0.473543
28611960057840f39f476dbf85d2c18d
Schematic summarizing the multiple avenues of research involving EVs in the retina including (A) examining the contribution different subpopulation of EVs (microvesicles and exosomes) in retinal pathophysiology, (B) developing EV based biomarker for ocular diseases from different biofluids, and (C) targeting retinal diseases with EV-mediated therapies. Figure was prepared using bioRender®.
PMC10166895
fcell-11-1059141-g001.jpg
0.456393
36fc95e0049c49f48a7874a04d37ce86
Schematic showing the complex interplay of EVs in the retina with several confounding factors including potential systemic contribution of EVs that need to be further articulated to precisely understand the role of EVs in retinal (patho)physiology, develop rational biomarkers, and target retinal diseases with EV-mediated therapies. Potential EV-mediated autocrine paracrine and signaling between different retinal cell types is illustrated on the left and the possibility of retinal EVs in systemic circulation or EVs from systemic circulation within the retina is indicated on the right. Figure was prepared using bioRender®.
PMC10166895
fcell-11-1059141-g002.jpg
0.415815
b7e58cc4d521450aba1961b8aa5f59c6
Top-down synthesis methods. (A) Schematic of the laser exfoliation device for 2H-MoS2 flakes in aqueous media (Zhai et al., 2021) (Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society). (B) Schematic of the preparation of MoS2 nanosheets through femtosecond laser exfoliation (Zuo et al., 2021) (Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society). (C) Schematic of the mechanism for laser thinning of MoTe2 (Nagareddy et al., 2018) (Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH). (D) Schematic of the laser-driven phase patterning process of MoTe2 from 2H to 1T′ (Cho et al., 2015) (Copyright 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science).
PMC10167011
fchem-11-1195640-g001.jpg
0.430099
6de6597cbd4a4de8973482c082bbf595
Bottom-up synthesis methods. (A) Flow diagram of direct laser writing, a method for the laser-directed synthesis of MoS2 on the SiO2/Si wafer (Xu et al., 2021a) (Copyright 2021, Elsevier). (B) Schematic of MoS2 synthesized by femtosecond laser (Xu et al., 2022) (Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society). (C) Schematic of the layer synthesis of MoS2–WS2 heterostructure (Park et al., 2020a) (Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society). (D) Schematic of Au-doped MoS2 (Huo et al., 2021) (Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society).
PMC10167011
fchem-11-1195640-g002.jpg
0.444613
b59eeb5d5ddc4a0e8b1c3fe62b705ba6
The experimental design of the evaluation test. (A) Experimental set-up. (B) The layout of fNIRS channels. The red dots represented sources, and the blue dots represented detectors. The 15 sources and 15 detectors constitute 30 channels, overlaying six brain regions: LPFC, RPFC, LMC, RMC, LOL, and ROL. (C) Experiment procedure. Each trial consisted of a combination of a 15 s task and a 30 s rest and was repeated five times in each condition.
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g001.jpg
0.440598
81ea04b3d27c430287db513f88605293
The results of the functional connectivity between 30 channels in different conditions (p < 0.05). (A) Correlation matrix between 30 channels under 20% MVC of the dominant side. (B) Correlation matrix between 30 channels under 80% MVC of the dominant side. (C) The significant difference of functional connectivity of the 80% MVC relative to the 20% MVC between 30 channels under the dominant side. (D) Correlation matrix between 30 channels under 20% MVC of the non-dominant side. (E) Correlation matrix between 30 channels under 80% MVC of the non-dominant side. (F) The significant difference of functional connectivity of the 80% MVC relative to the 20% MVC between 30 channels under the non-dominant side.
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g002.jpg
0.390955
d6d721d493ca4a6790fc0158b5f10449
The results of significant differences in functional connections between brain regions in different conditions. (A,B) The change is represented by the functional connectivity of the 80% MVC relative to the 20% MVC under the dominant side. (C,D) The change is represented by the functional connectivity of the 80% MVC relative to the 20% MVC under the non-dominant side. The red line (p < 0.01) and blue line (0.01 < p < 0.05) indicate significant increase statistically.
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g003.jpg
0.444608
f92f4d4e58594d27893177c27979fca8
The results of significant differences in effective connectivity between brain regions in different conditions. (A,B) The change is represented by the effective connectivity of the dominant side relative to the non-dominant side under 80% MVC. (C,D) The change is represented by the effective connectivity of the dominant side relative to the non-dominant side under 20% MVC. The red line indicates a significant increase statistically (p < 0.05), where * indicates p < 0.05.
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g004.jpg
0.451262
a96efd71c3b94c9a809b3b3ecb9174e3
Significant global and local metric changes of elbow flexion in the contralateral motor cortex. (A) Global metrics results of the clustering coefficient (ΔHbO2). (B) Local metrics results of the node-local efficiency (ΔHbO2), where ** indicates p < 0.01. Abbreviation: DS, dominant side; NDS, non-dominant side.
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g005.jpg
0.446126
1f58c7342adf4ffba132dbb928658f96
(A) Change of fApEn of BIC with the change of window N. (B) Change of fApEn of TRI with the change of window N. (C) Change of fApEn of BIC with the change of tolerance r. (D) Change of fApEn of TRI with the change of tolerance r. EMG signals were picked out from four different conditions from a subject. Abbreviation: DS, dominant side; NDS, non-dominant side.
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g006.jpg
0.445759
f5a6ad0b730b41168389dcfc27f4af75
(A) fApEn values of EMG signals of BIC. (B) fApEn values of EMG signals of TRI. (C) The CCI of EMG signals in different conditions. The significant difference between different conditions was represented by *p < 0.05 and ****p < 0.0001. Abbreviation: DS, dominant side; NDS, non-dominant side.
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g007.jpg
0.484025
03cc63e748b4416cb0a6366c8bb26ea5
(A–C) Correlation of HbO2 and fApEn of the dominant side in LPFC (r = 0.6995, p < 0.0001), LMC (r = 0.6268, p < 0.0001) and LOL (r = 0.4815, p = 0.0012). (D–F) Correlation of HbO2 and fApEn of the non-dominant side in RPFC (r = 0.5945, p < 0.0001), RMC (r = 0.5091, p = 0.0006) and ROL (r = 0.5749, p < 0.0001).
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g008.jpg
0.403484
e77c0879136448558caa4558274fcaef
(A,B) Correlation of node-local efficiency and fApEn of the dominant side in LMC (r = 0.3789, p = 0.0133) and the non-dominant side in RMC (r = 0.0371, p = 0.8157). (C,D) Correlation of clustering coefficient and fApEn of the dominant side in LMC (r = 0.2797, p = 0.0728) and the non-dominant side in RMC (r = 0.2045, p = 0.1939).
PMC10167054
fbioe-11-1176054-g009.jpg
0.470049
999c4d2c8a5b4ad5a37b4cce8c404e62
Scheme of the pilot cardiac telerehabilitation program.
PMC10167584
cardio_v7i1e44179_fig1.jpg
0.437351
385a5534ef4d42469467d745de189696
HumanITcare dashboard: heart rate over the time control panel.
PMC10167584
cardio_v7i1e44179_fig2.jpg
0.457802
d7d09030a9d748fca57932270f4fd780
The app screen for the patient. PREDIMED: Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea.
PMC10167584
cardio_v7i1e44179_fig3.jpg
0.508677
a93c32a3f45542d2b06219384bc4d67d
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, emotional state, and quality of life before and after the program in the study population. P<.05 values significantly different between the indicated groups. HADS-A: P=.03; HADS-D: P=.09; PREDIMED: P=.04; EuroQol: P=.006. EuroQoL: European health questionnaire combining quantity and quality of life; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression; PREDIMED: Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea—Mediterranean diet using the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle.
PMC10167584
cardio_v7i1e44179_fig4.jpg
0.412002
85ea9fcfb934486483825dc64c143f3b
PBS-M buffer improves cell viability and does not inhibit reverse transcription.a, The fraction of live C. robusta blood cells recovered after resuspension in CMF-ASW, PBS, or PBS-M buffers. Data is averaged over 3–4 replicates. Shaded regions indicate 95% confidence intervals.b, Capillary electrophoresis traces of amplified cDNA from L1210 cells prepared in CMF-ASW, PBS, or PBS-M buffers. Peaks at 35 bp and 10380 bp are size markers.
PMC10168337
nihpp-2023.04.26.538465v1-f0001.jpg
0.462597
82553e4f488643bbbdb931534bb78cd6
PBS-M buffer improves scRNA-seq data quality and recovers missing cell states in C. robusta blood.a, Experimental set-up for testing the effect of cell suspension buffer on scRNA-seq data quality. Blood from five animals was used.b,c, Preparing cells by standard dilution of high-salt buffer (dCMF-ASW) or PBS-M renders differences in: b, the number of single cell barcodes passing the scRNA-seq data filters, and c, the fraction of mapped reads whose barcodes pass the filters. Cells are filtered by the number of transcripts detected and mitochondrial fraction.d, The number of mRNA molecules detected per bin, with cell barcodes binned based on their transcript count. The dashed line shows the median number of transcripts in non-cell barcodes (571 transcripts/barcode in dCMF-ASW and 194 transcripts/barcode in PBS-M). These values quantify the background resulting from free-floating mRNA, which is reduced in PBS-M.e, Histogram of the mitochondrial fraction per cell, an indicator of cell lysis.f, Joint UMAP embedding of cells prepared in dCMF-ASW or PBS-M buffers, with cells colored by sample. Left: dCMF-ASW cells are marked in blue with the rest of the cells in grey. Right: PBS-M cells are marked in pink with the rest of the cells in grey. Cell states strongly depleted in the dCMF-ASW sample are circled in b lack.g, Joint UMAP embedding with cells colored by the log-ratio of the relative local sample density. The coloring represents the amount of local enrichment of cells from PBS-M (pink) or dCMF-ASW (blue) samples.
PMC10168337
nihpp-2023.04.26.538465v1-f0002.jpg
0.397858
c641414054ed40e48593a57dbd4dcf48
Underlying disease described as the cause of chronic cough in patients with refractory chronic cough (n = 126). Data expressed as number (%) of patients
PMC10169201
408_2023_620_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.394899
f65c53c74b9c4723b4ac698bfa35276f
Percentage of patients receiving antibiotic therapies for empirical treatment of chronic cough and number of antibiotic cycles. Numbers in the bars represent the mean (standard deviation) number of cycles received per patient who received a specific antibiotic from each class. Percentages reflect the percentage of patients who had received such an antibiotic at least once to treat chronic cough without evidence of underlying infection. RCC refractory chronic cough, UCC unexplained chronic cough
PMC10169201
408_2023_620_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.499165
b1e3f331745548a491001f9592a35784
Schematic diagram of nested pits for the boundary optimization problem of open pit mines.
PMC10169206
41598_2023_34641_Fig10_HTML.jpg
0.445527
1906c86a077b49f79c928424933b2544
Comparison of the final state adjustment of open pit mines and coal price volatility.
PMC10169206
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0.469952
e74ce4bd70ab4e8ebbdffb22ee8ad71e
Two-dimensional topology structure of a small inclined coal seam open pit mine.
PMC10169206
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0.519294
863204f451054d99a47cfc36236c30b8
Schematic diagram of the layout of the open pit mine mining and stripping project.
PMC10169206
41598_2023_34641_Fig13_HTML.jpg
0.452422
ec2211f5f1cc4f95a3c2d442a051066f
Schematic diagram of two-dimensional boundary adjustment under risk conditions.
PMC10169206
41598_2023_34641_Fig14_HTML.jpg
0.510168
f9c31310e23e40559a3cddee155e142a
Schematic diagram of the block model section of a small open-pit mine.
PMC10169206
41598_2023_34641_Fig15_HTML.jpg