nopperl/pmc-image-text · Datasets at Hugging Face

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0.509785	4c2e7e35c7be4caba0bf4c3efc1c6101	Graphical illustration of a conventional AE measurement system [76].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g007.jpg
0.448696	aeac9320eb8f4a1c8d2b0dda040af506	Schematic of the membrane-free optical microphone by Xarion [77].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g008.jpg
0.408329	1279485a5ca74c9aa58831bb150c7ba6	A correlation between acoustic emission absolute energy and welding defect [87]. (a) depicts the inspected sample. (b) shows the acquired AE absolute energy of the inspected weld seam.	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g009.jpg
0.416361	03a4984e4755424a8e0aad421911982e	A schematic of the OES technique [95]. In this illustration, the recorded electronic temperature is correlated with the existing welding defects (A, B and C).	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g010.jpg
0.458301	dd33a09adedf424cb1606a8439cffa76	Picture of the LIBS setup [56].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g011.jpg
0.408713	b74b8c2d4e2146bb9e798bf28522093c	A picture of the LOUD process [28].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g012.jpg
0.477304	88614648474444bba07cd71f276a9f95	A schematic of a proposed laser opto-ultrasonic setup for online monitoring by Ma et al. [28].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g013.jpg
0.426722	e5be58a29a584d1c8974fb1f8baf5d97	Thermography NDT techniques [105,106].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g014.jpg
0.448605	23edcd904f8141809a1f7cbec8be78b8	Defect detection by means of the thermography technology performed by Broberg [108]. (a) displays the defect (the arrow shows its position). (b) shows the captured thermal image, in which the defect can be recognised.	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g015.jpg
0.501723	04958ad2a15340fda59a5020ed488a68	A schematic of active thermography [106].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g016.jpg
0.505259	6c3fa0d121c143ea9e39dfdc4799b190	Pulse thermography setup [105].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g017.jpg
0.474368	dab1d3ab12ba41d0b1ce8c6f3f2c91d8	A picture of a vibrothermography setup [116].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g018.jpg
0.419476	6db077239988482d93c0bbbba996721d	An illustration of eddy current thermography [118].	PMC9147555	materials-15-03697-g019.jpg
0.468711	31690199b5e94f3d9da74adbc9c0e260	PRISMA flowchart depicting the workflow of the studies selection process based.	PMC9147636	jcm-11-02727-g001.jpg
0.433824	54489993fbf04936af0a073c417721ba	Assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies according to the percentage of the scores attributed to each evaluated study.	PMC9147636	jcm-11-02727-g002.jpg
0.448127	35b00b8cdedd4a659258adf003e64eeb	Schematic diagram for the fabrication of the graphene-coated membrane.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g001.jpg
0.449443	4cfbb48179754c3fbefb6bb4438dab12	XRD patterns of PVDF and graphene-coated PVDF membranes (a), XRD of graphene nanoplatelets (b).	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g002.jpg
0.494688	ca0cd9db803c4ed69664e13b698eacf3	ATR spectra of PVDF and graphene-coated PVDF membranes.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g003.jpg
0.469882	b6ada598b2984068a215728e9741f931	SEM micrographs collected onto membrane surface (first and second column) and across the section (third column) of pristine PVDF (a), 0.05G/PVDF (b) and 0.005G/PVDF (c) membranes.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g004.jpg
0.447663	17a3027221f34f439a1f35adbe1ec316	Resistance to wetting of membranes: (a) water contact angle of water and 0.6 M NaCl solution at zero time; (b) time-dependent images of water droplets within the first 30 min of contact with membrane surfaces.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g005.jpg
0.392392	3af69b439440463cab77da287408e338	The time-dependent changes in contact radius and contact angle of evaporating droplet on (a) pristine PVDF, (b) 0.05G/PVDF and (c) 0.005G/PVDF surface.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g006.jpg
0.417679	341dba5b73f54b968e87d2c2d22bdd5d	3D AFM images of (a) pristine PVDF, (b) 0.005G/PVDF, (c) 0.05G/PVDF membranes (projected surface 1 µm × 1 µm) and 2D AFM images of (d) pristine PVDF, (e) 0.005G/PVDF, (f) 0.05G/PVDF membranes (projected surface 5 µm × 5 µm).	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g007.jpg
0.47429	1d51de6bbe5c4c0c8b4823a6e3e3bb9e	Transport measured through all membranes coming in contact with pure water, NaCl 0.6 M and mixtures of NaCl and HA (0.6 M/0.5 mg mL−1 and 0.6 M/1.0 mg mL−1): (a) Incremental ratio in the flux for 0.005G/PVDF and 0.05G/PVDF membranes with respect to pristine PVDF membrane at Tfeed = 33 °C; (b) Flux (J) and salt rejection (R) estimated at Tfeed = 40 °C for pristine and 0.005G/PVDF membranes.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g008.jpg
0.554945	2ceca37ba3be415aac2dcdeefe3b4e52	The schematic summarization of enhanced water vapor flux through GNP coated PVDF membranes.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g009.jpg
0.45791	65e9bf87b14a461591efc9204db37365	Normalized flux estimated for pristine PVDF (a) and 0.005G/PVDF (b) when working different NaCl/HA mixtures at Tfeed 40 °C.	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g010.jpg
0.442453	f10b738e47c44476be405879ba5706f1	Water flux (Jw) measured before testing NaCl 0.6 M and after testing NaCl/HA (0.5 and 1.0 mgmL−1) solutions at 40 °C (Tfeed).	PMC9147767	membranes-12-00511-g011.jpg
0.402273	bdf95f9e728e4e21ab27b15012cab1eb	Elbow test specimen.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g001.jpg
0.402902	160d9b31fc8c41f781b1de78df1d530d	(a,b) Specimen location after test.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g002.jpg
0.425489	88e95eb87b394335815e06833d84f296	SEM image of silt grain particles.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g003.jpg
0.395405	eb2c33e3fa244f1eb9833e11f369f487	Layout of the experimental setup.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g004.jpg
0.422096	5a394e82fd754429a1d07528d4fde062	The 90° (a) and 60° (b) elbow test sections used for the erosion–corrosion studies; (c,d) definition of the axial angles.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g005.jpg
0.422733	563e548bf1724db3be72d0f2a108d636	Erosion pattern on the 90° elbow coated with a two-layer paint.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g006.jpg
0.403095	e4501adc96514b0c95e69f97706d62fb	Erosion pattern on the 60° elbow coated with a two-layer paint.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g007.jpg
0.424274	7cef2ef4efc647fa90a87aba726cb60a	Arithmetic surface roughness values (Ra) before and after the test in 90° elbows: (a) bottom; (b) top.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g008.jpg
0.407964	f4c28fdbf0d341738e7c475761f66442	Arithmetic surface roughness values (Ra) before and after tests in the 60° elbows: (a) bottom; (b) top.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g009.jpg
0.412667	ebcee2173aae45eb80ab5d06ce407249	The backscattered electron (BSE) images of a carbon steel 90° elbow after the test.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g010.jpg
0.474485	3928825829314e3cbc2c09952e0d1c2a	The backscattered electron (BSE) images of a carbon steel 60° elbow after the test.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g011.jpg
0.410291	006fe221f840454588420f42a519eb34	EDS spectra and elemental mapping after erosion in 90° elbow.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g012.jpg
0.369313	226666dcbc7944749fe21e27c3dc7f54	Mass loss in carbon steel elbow section after test: (a) bottom; (b) top.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g013.jpg
0.42661	9737d9a578224ac5a3ad7326c359b83f	Microhardness of carbon steel elbows’ upper half sections before and after the test.	PMC9147825	materials-15-03721-g014.jpg
0.433389	7339328ed15542f8a0c0ca33665c1fd3	Effects of IC extract on body weight (A), liver index (B), perirenal fat (C), and epididymal fat (D). The data represent means ± SEM (n = 6). ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 versus the control group; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 versus the HFD group, respectively. Liver index = (liver weight/body weight) × 100%.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g001.jpg
0.408238	c4ad1a45c7634161bc32894ad3ec0bab	Histopathological changes in liver tissues from the five experimental mouse groups.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g002.jpg
0.451955	399eccd539f4407aac757b7b34386ef9	α and β diversity in the fecal samples from the three experimental groups. (A). Venn diagram showing the shared and unique OTUs across three experimental groups. (B). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) ordination plot for the three experimental groups. (C). Rarefaction curves showing the average observed species number for three groups. (D). Shannon index diversity in the experimental groups. (E). Observed species index diversity in the experimental groups. (F). Chao1 indices diversity in the experimental groups. * p < 0.05, versus the HFD group.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g003.jpg
0.430122	ee91b2eb30504c6992d44af079285e45	Gut microbiota compositions at the phylum (A) and family (B) levels for the three experimental groups.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g004.jpg
0.421781	ea73bafd001c4115b14c930e443c3194	The relative abundance of four representative gut microbiota Lachnospiraceae (A), Akkermanisiaccae (B), Muribaculaceae (C) and Erysipelotrichaceae (D) compositions at the Family level. # (p < 0.05),versus the control group; ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, versus the HFD group.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g005.jpg
0.414492	12227616a7eb41d8865886eaf530eafd	Tax4Fun functional prediction.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g006.jpg
0.440837	479823a436be4cd893605e82d56ad1bf	Metabolite classes and compositions in the samples. (A). The overall differential metabolites. (B). Serum metabolic profiles of the three groups using a principal component analysis (PCA) score plot. (C). Pie chart indicating the abundance ratio of different chemical classes of annotated metabolites identified by untargeted metabolic profiling in liver samples. (D). Heatmap showing the differences in expression of the differential metabolites in the three groups. Red and blue colors indicate higher or lower expression, respectively, in each sample.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g007.jpg
0.488533	2c7017357aeb4f94a62308b5b75df126	Overall metabolite profile differences between two groups: (A). OPLS-DA score scatter plot for Control and HFD groups. (B). OPLS-DA score scatter plot for HFD and IC groups. (C). OPLS-DA permutation plot for control and HFD groups. (D). OPLS-DA permutation plot for HFD and IC groups.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g008.jpg
0.42325	48406b96702a4032b4f852dad20a29a5	Six representative differentially expressed metabolites D-Proline (A), Pyridoxal (B), Ornithine (C), N4-Acetylaminobutanal (D), L-Aspartic acid (E) and L-Glutamic acid (F) ### p < 0.001, ## p < 0.01, # p < 0.05, versus the control group; * p < 0.01, p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, versus the HFD group.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g009.jpg
0.42834	c70e4447e9ac4a4a8c10f368e85d001e	Bubble plot of KEGG pathway analysis.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g010.jpg
0.422254	c334f4ff880041d2bbb4cf2261cf71a5	Spearman correlation heatmap of differentially expressed microflora and serum metabolites, * p < 0.05.	PMC9147883	molecules-27-03148-g011.jpg
0.413646	2ec5cfcecac04e1180f71a627597c2b8	PRISMA flow diagram of searching and selection of the articles. Note. CBM: Chinese Biomedical Literature Database; CINAHL = Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature; CMCC = Chinese Medical Current Content; CMUL = Capital Medical University Library; CNKI: China National Knowledge; EMBASE: Excerpta Medica database; UMIN-CTR: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g001.jpg
0.484921	5185e44d0ade481488026e1bbda33eaa	Forest plot of effect of astaxanthin on body mass index [26,27,28,30]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g002.jpg
0.476886	cb61928eb9f9429b8ddb8f413118e419	Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on fasting blood glucose [26,27,28]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g003.jpg
0.488043	660d16887c8c498a87ee55d5f3b84b98	Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on systolic blood pressure [26,27,28,31]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g004.jpg
0.447438	c2241b41c1664dc88bac3f8e785ccaf3	Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on diastolic blood pressure [26,27,28,31]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g005.jpg
0.435819	f1f8ffc5a53040fbafabea48fea32d19	Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on total cholesterol [26,27,28,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g006.jpg
0.416297	415e081c282f4633a2cabd9af7148248	Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g007.jpg
0.410944	1a47674491e84291af00cc1e3d3960bb	Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g008.jpg
0.469315	1e113cbe68b045d7824afbfdf451679d	Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on triglyceride [26,28,29,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.	PMC9148008	nutrients-14-02050-g009.jpg
0.43251	29de6ecb5a9d4afd969a32d65fac5206	Composite concrete–steel beam test setup.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g001.jpg
0.428419	b3c8e0afcaa64fa39dde5d2455e4e1b2	Geometry of composite system: (a) length and height of the section; (b) beam cross-section and stud anchor. Unit: mm.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g002.jpg
0.411933	1dd4cf32a40d4bb4a054adafb621d15f	Loading protocol for the experiment.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g003.jpg
0.410522	0d97f5675f234be7a99355c690b8df19	Excited point distribution on steel deck (red arrows). Blue arrow indicates sensor location.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g004.jpg
0.523992	74bb38f1071b4765904446870982c675	Plan view of slab with numbering of excited points. Unit: mm.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g005.jpg
0.430385	2f0a227f292048639143c180574ce12c	Photograph of the actual experiment in which the hammer modal testing procedure is applied to the concrete-steel beam. The inset figure shows the hammer used to measure vibration properties.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g006.jpg
0.398255	e611a4fc75f44442b1e8746c4d55119b	FRF example from the first accelerometer in the initial state.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g007.jpg
0.458636	e0a99c1276954010979d0b45a64620a8	Coherence example from the first accelerometer in the initial state.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g008.jpg
0.458648	d7331977359d458aa477531754f9aaa5	Initial state mode shape ω=278.38Hz.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g009.jpg
0.475287	927d9e0dcfb1402fa4ecc64267ebc89a	Load–displacement curve for composite steel–concrete beam.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g010.jpg
0.434874	e8914c12e2294bcd8b7990a3fd3ce6e0	Example of a pair of initial and damaged modes for 40 kN state.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g011.jpg
0.469997	c4e41904ae304b51981869840fc27c88	Change in natural frequencies.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g012.jpg
0.451713	164ce5462f494249a52bacaf5ebde683	Increase in damage index.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g013.jpg
0.379048	dfa805138e8240d4baa84751d4c85086	(a) Whole beam with damage indices computed with the present numerical approach. (b) Experimentally measured crack pattern. (left) Area on the right highlighted.	PMC9148021	sensors-22-03874-g014.jpg
0.456299	647df9ba7f3646c1ade1942afe2affb6	Leaf crude extract of OI inhibits proliferation on PC3: (A) A leaf crude extract of OI was treated to PC3 at different doses (50-, 100-, 200-, 400- and 600 µg/mL) for 24-, 48- and 72 h, and its effect on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assays. (B) The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of leaf crude extract for the inhibition of cell proliferation was measured on PC3 cells by treating the cells with the doses, as above, for 24 h, and MTT assays were conducted. The control (Cont) cells were treated with PBS under identical conditions to the treated cells. (C) IC50 was measured using GraphPad Prism 8. The percentage of viable cells of each treated group was calculated after taking the viable numbers of control cells to be 100%. The p-values were calculated using Student’s “t” test. The bars indicate SD, * indicates a p-value > 0.05 and ** indicates a p-value > 0.01.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g001.jpg
0.402536	9ceb2630ff5d4926b5c58cb8a15fea98	Leaf crude extract of OI triggers gDNA fragmentation in PC3 cells: PC3 cells were treated with 50, 100, 200 or 400 µg/mL of leaf crude extract dissolved in PBS. The negative control cells (Cont) were treated with PBS. After treatment (A), comet assays were conducted as described in the Materials and Methods: (i) control, (ii) 50 µg/mL, (iii) 200 µg/mL, (iv) and 400 µg/mL. (B) The tail length of 25 comets in each group was measured, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated. p-values were calculated for each group, comparing with the control group using Student’s “t” test. **** indicates p-values > 0.0001. The bars indicate SD.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g002.jpg
0.401802	222d6b6859304355897ec0ae7310be7e	Purification of the bioactive compound using HPLC. The leaf extract was subjected to silica gel chromatographic fractionation, and then each fraction was subjected to a bioassay, as described in Section 4. (A) Fraction 3 of the silica gel chromatography was further subjected to preparative HPLC fractionation, and single peaks were further subjected to a bioassay. (B) A single peak of a 9.052 min retention time showed anticancer activity, and it was further analyzed on HPLC for purity. (C) The purified phytocompound collected as a single peak on HPLC was subjected to an MTT assay after treating the PC3 cells with 30, 60, 120 and 240 µM for 24 h. The percentage of viable cells of each treated group was calculated after taking the viable numbers of the control cells as 100%. The p-values were calculated using Student’s “t” test. The bars indicate SD, * indicates a p-value > 0.05, ** indicates p-value > 0.01. (D) The IC50 for the purified phytocompound was measured using GraphPad Prism 8 software.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g003a.jpg
0.528641	a4ae690c5a7e4664b725ecf531a5fecc	Chemical structure. After the NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR spectra were analyzed, the chemical structure and IUPAC name of the purified phytocompound were generated using ChemDoodle Software (iChemLabs, Ver. 9.0.3).	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g004.jpg
0.438635	4f04bf127f534d5d949b6f244042bb6f	Oroxyquinone-induced chromatin nucleation: PC3 cells treated with PBS (A), 30 µM (B) and 60 µM (C) of oroxyquinone were stained with DAPI and observed under a fluorescent microscope. Nucleation, indicated by red arrows, was observed in cells treated with the purified compound.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g005.jpg
0.449451	904cbea6dece4a0d90c5d53919719b6f	Oroxyquinone sensitizes PC3 cells to Annexin V: PC3 cells treated with PBS (A), or 30 µM (B), 60 µM (C) and 120 µM (D) oroxyquinone were stained with Annexin V (FITC) and PI to determine apoptosis. An increase in the number of annexin V-positive cells was observed from 24.6% to 64.0% of the total cells with an increased dose of oroxyquinone.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g006.jpg
0.427748	58039e36edec49ada75889f1b5908b42	Oroxyquinone triggers cell cycle arrest: PC3 cells were cultured and treated with different doses of OI, as indicated, or PBS (Control) for 24 h. (A) The cells were subjected to propidium iodide staining to measure the DNA content in each cell by flow cytometry. (B) The percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle was compared between the control and treated cells. The number of cells in the S phase increased with an increase in the dose in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05).	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g007.jpg
0.431181	42f9cb29050c4dcaa6f3fd410a9202c5	Oroxyquinone inhibits PC3 cell migration. The PC3 cells were cultured, and a wound healing assay was conducted as described in the Materials and Methods by treatment with 5µg/mL of oroxyquinone (Orox) or PBS (Control). (A) The pictures represent the images of the same cells of each group recorded at 0, 6, and 12 h of treatment. The dark marks on the upper left side of the image were to make sure the images were recorded on the same field each time. (B) In order to measure the area of the wound, the length of the scratches was measured on the light microscope and plotted on a graph. The wound area of the control at 0 hr was taken as 100%, and means and SD were calculated. p-values were calculated comparing with the control values of the same h of treatment by students’ “t” test. *** indicates p-value > 0.001.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g008.jpg
0.424835	4c62578d4eba4239a604bebaa1a52d41	Oroxyquinone caused the nuclear localization of AIF: PC3 cells were treated with PBS (Cont), 30 and 60 µM oroxyquinone, and incubated for 24 h. The cells were lysed, and the cellular fractions were separated. The AIF in the mitochondrial (Mito) and nuclear (Nucl)-enriched fractions was detected by Western blotting. An increase in AIF localization to the nucleus was observed in 60-µM treated cells compared to the control. A subsequent decrease in the AIF concentration in the mitochondria was also observed accordingly.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g009.jpg
0.446532	0871ad3afdaf45c2bece83d60bc8f715	Oroxyquinone induces apoptosis via MARKs pathways. (A) PC3 cells were cultured and treated with different doses of oroxyquinone; the total proteins were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE, and were immunoblotted using antibodies against total and phosphorylated forms of p38, JNK, and ERK. (B) PC3 cells were cultured and treated with the specific inhibitors SP600125 (SP), U0126 (U0), and SB203580 (SB) for JNK, ERK, and p38, respectively, for 24 h, and MTT assays were performed. (C) The involvement of p38 in apoptosis in PC3 cells treated with oroxyquinone was revalidated using p38 inhibitor SB202190. The p-value was calculated by comparison to the oroxyquinone-treated cells using Student’s “t” test. The bars indicate SD, * indicates a p-value > 0.05, indicates a p-value > 0.01, and * indicates a p-value > 0.001.	PMC9148098	pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g010.jpg
0.469044	9c52fcc98b2c494e8167c8e722b35dc5	Writing cognitive model.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.001.jpg
0.390814	06fd3c23e1ad4329bd852ea66db79b9d	Bipartite graph representation of text.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.002.jpg
0.43276	52e56e019a6b4d358d74b34793ee6b01	Distribution of the duration of the writing process.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.003.jpg
0.49043	d861c56b13324bd5a407fbb44eeaf9d1	Subjective evaluation of learning methods.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.004.jpg
0.504507	3e99a8e1c4c7491ea4849d42d2a27f60	Flow chart of grammatical role annotation module.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.005.jpg
0.447665	1972e73f286241f6b091e5d1db620dbe	Accuracy of the improved feature selection model and the traditional model on KNN.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.006.jpg
0.450676	904dc11a9e0f4a4a9b80c593832f1cf3	Change of writing evaluation value.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.007.jpg
0.449737	5d15e2e51ac8459e8ed8ab931d797a31	The most frequent features mentioned by subjects to distinguish L1 from ESL writing styles.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.008.jpg
0.491005	9c38d045853c4106b94f72f9c5aa0b12	5-Fold cross-validation results for different feature subsets on a text classification task of 100 sentences in length.	PMC9148263	CIN2022-1779131.009.jpg
0.495637	f47fb3db995d4f269073fc20c8d3e7ec	Enzymatic properties of ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. a Effect of pH on enzyme activity. b Effect of temperature on enzyme activity. c pH stability. d Effect of temperature (70℃) on the stability. Each value in the panel represents the means ± SD (n = 3)	PMC9148494	12934_2022_1833_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.519126	8a54f7f2b1824ca5acb7a6c53c58052d	SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. Lane 1, 2, the culture supernatant of transformants ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2; lane 3, 4, the purified ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2	PMC9148494	12934_2022_1833_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.416443	471d7d0272104dfc96a2acd1bd22423b	Schematic diagram of the construction of the chimeric mutant. The CD sequences of TlGa15B-GA2 and ReGa15A are marked in yellow, and the CBM region is marked in green and blue, respectively. A CBM substitution. B Segment replacement. C Construction of combinatorial mutants	PMC9148494	12934_2022_1833_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.463065	7c4870708fd74c299aff846fe9e5f10a	SDS-PAGE analysis of culture supernatants among ReGa15A, TlGa15B-GA2 and mutants. A Secretion analysis of CBM substitution mutants between ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. B Secretion analysis of segment replacement mutants on TlGa15B-GA2. C Secretion analysis of combinatorial mutants on TlGa15B-GA2	PMC9148494	12934_2022_1833_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.564258	93c6e104377343a3b72c910da145670a	Effect of pH and temperature on the activity and stability of purified recombinant TlGa15B-GA2 and mutants. a: Effect of temperature on the activity. b: Effect of temperature (70℃) on the stability. c: Effect of pH on the activity. d: Effect of pH on the stability	PMC9148494	12934_2022_1833_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.398272	908938b69ef14a7e860c97ffd97f1379	Use qRT-PCR to determine the relative expression levels of WT and mutants and the relative expression of genes related to quality control of UPR and ER. CNE1: calnexin (ER chaperone); ERO1: Pdi oxidase; HAC1: UPR activated transcription factor; KAR2: ER chaperone; PDI1: protein disulfide isomerase. The experiment is performed in at least triplicate, and the error bars represent the standard deviation. The 2.−ΔΔCT method was used to determine the relative expression, and the expression level of ARG4 in the strain was used as a reference. **: P value < 0.01 (t test)	PMC9148494	12934_2022_1833_Fig6_HTML.jpg
0.505968	758cd5d283c64809915a38758f674b17	Scanning electron micrograph images of raw corn starch after incubation with TlGA-M7 at 50 °C, for A 0, B 6, C 12, and D 24 h	PMC9148494	12934_2022_1833_Fig7_HTML.jpg

0.509785

4c2e7e35c7be4caba0bf4c3efc1c6101

Graphical illustration of a conventional AE measurement system [76].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g007.jpg

0.448696

aeac9320eb8f4a1c8d2b0dda040af506

Schematic of the membrane-free optical microphone by Xarion [77].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g008.jpg

0.408329

1279485a5ca74c9aa58831bb150c7ba6

A correlation between acoustic emission absolute energy and welding defect [87]. (a) depicts the inspected sample. (b) shows the acquired AE absolute energy of the inspected weld seam.

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g009.jpg

0.416361

03a4984e4755424a8e0aad421911982e

A schematic of the OES technique [95]. In this illustration, the recorded electronic temperature is correlated with the existing welding defects (A, B and C).

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g010.jpg

0.458301

dd33a09adedf424cb1606a8439cffa76

Picture of the LIBS setup [56].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g011.jpg

0.408713

b74b8c2d4e2146bb9e798bf28522093c

A picture of the LOUD process [28].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g012.jpg

0.477304

88614648474444bba07cd71f276a9f95

A schematic of a proposed laser opto-ultrasonic setup for online monitoring by Ma et al. [28].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g013.jpg

0.426722

e5be58a29a584d1c8974fb1f8baf5d97

Thermography NDT techniques [105,106].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g014.jpg

0.448605

23edcd904f8141809a1f7cbec8be78b8

Defect detection by means of the thermography technology performed by Broberg [108]. (a) displays the defect (the arrow shows its position). (b) shows the captured thermal image, in which the defect can be recognised.

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g015.jpg

0.501723

04958ad2a15340fda59a5020ed488a68

A schematic of active thermography [106].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g016.jpg

0.505259

6c3fa0d121c143ea9e39dfdc4799b190

Pulse thermography setup [105].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g017.jpg

0.474368

dab1d3ab12ba41d0b1ce8c6f3f2c91d8

A picture of a vibrothermography setup [116].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g018.jpg

0.419476

6db077239988482d93c0bbbba996721d

An illustration of eddy current thermography [118].

PMC9147555

materials-15-03697-g019.jpg

0.468711

31690199b5e94f3d9da74adbc9c0e260

PRISMA flowchart depicting the workflow of the studies selection process based.

PMC9147636

jcm-11-02727-g001.jpg

0.433824

54489993fbf04936af0a073c417721ba

Assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies according to the percentage of the scores attributed to each evaluated study.

PMC9147636

jcm-11-02727-g002.jpg

0.448127

35b00b8cdedd4a659258adf003e64eeb

Schematic diagram for the fabrication of the graphene-coated membrane.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g001.jpg

0.449443

4cfbb48179754c3fbefb6bb4438dab12

XRD patterns of PVDF and graphene-coated PVDF membranes (a), XRD of graphene nanoplatelets (b).

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g002.jpg

0.494688

ca0cd9db803c4ed69664e13b698eacf3

ATR spectra of PVDF and graphene-coated PVDF membranes.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g003.jpg

0.469882

b6ada598b2984068a215728e9741f931

SEM micrographs collected onto membrane surface (first and second column) and across the section (third column) of pristine PVDF (a), 0.05G/PVDF (b) and 0.005G/PVDF (c) membranes.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g004.jpg

0.447663

17a3027221f34f439a1f35adbe1ec316

Resistance to wetting of membranes: (a) water contact angle of water and 0.6 M NaCl solution at zero time; (b) time-dependent images of water droplets within the first 30 min of contact with membrane surfaces.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g005.jpg

0.392392

3af69b439440463cab77da287408e338

The time-dependent changes in contact radius and contact angle of evaporating droplet on (a) pristine PVDF, (b) 0.05G/PVDF and (c) 0.005G/PVDF surface.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g006.jpg

0.417679

341dba5b73f54b968e87d2c2d22bdd5d

3D AFM images of (a) pristine PVDF, (b) 0.005G/PVDF, (c) 0.05G/PVDF membranes (projected surface 1 µm × 1 µm) and 2D AFM images of (d) pristine PVDF, (e) 0.005G/PVDF, (f) 0.05G/PVDF membranes (projected surface 5 µm × 5 µm).

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g007.jpg

0.47429

1d51de6bbe5c4c0c8b4823a6e3e3bb9e

Transport measured through all membranes coming in contact with pure water, NaCl 0.6 M and mixtures of NaCl and HA (0.6 M/0.5 mg mL−1 and 0.6 M/1.0 mg mL−1): (a) Incremental ratio in the flux for 0.005G/PVDF and 0.05G/PVDF membranes with respect to pristine PVDF membrane at Tfeed = 33 °C; (b) Flux (J) and salt rejection (R) estimated at Tfeed = 40 °C for pristine and 0.005G/PVDF membranes.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g008.jpg

0.554945

2ceca37ba3be415aac2dcdeefe3b4e52

The schematic summarization of enhanced water vapor flux through GNP coated PVDF membranes.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g009.jpg

0.45791

65e9bf87b14a461591efc9204db37365

Normalized flux estimated for pristine PVDF (a) and 0.005G/PVDF (b) when working different NaCl/HA mixtures at Tfeed 40 °C.

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g010.jpg

0.442453

f10b738e47c44476be405879ba5706f1

Water flux (Jw) measured before testing NaCl 0.6 M and after testing NaCl/HA (0.5 and 1.0 mgmL−1) solutions at 40 °C (Tfeed).

PMC9147767

membranes-12-00511-g011.jpg

0.402273

bdf95f9e728e4e21ab27b15012cab1eb

Elbow test specimen.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g001.jpg

0.402902

160d9b31fc8c41f781b1de78df1d530d

(a,b) Specimen location after test.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g002.jpg

0.425489

88e95eb87b394335815e06833d84f296

SEM image of silt grain particles.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g003.jpg

0.395405

eb2c33e3fa244f1eb9833e11f369f487

Layout of the experimental setup.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g004.jpg

0.422096

5a394e82fd754429a1d07528d4fde062

The 90° (a) and 60° (b) elbow test sections used for the erosion–corrosion studies; (c,d) definition of the axial angles.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g005.jpg

0.422733

563e548bf1724db3be72d0f2a108d636

Erosion pattern on the 90° elbow coated with a two-layer paint.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g006.jpg

0.403095

e4501adc96514b0c95e69f97706d62fb

Erosion pattern on the 60° elbow coated with a two-layer paint.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g007.jpg

0.424274

7cef2ef4efc647fa90a87aba726cb60a

Arithmetic surface roughness values (Ra) before and after the test in 90° elbows: (a) bottom; (b) top.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g008.jpg

0.407964

f4c28fdbf0d341738e7c475761f66442

Arithmetic surface roughness values (Ra) before and after tests in the 60° elbows: (a) bottom; (b) top.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g009.jpg

0.412667

ebcee2173aae45eb80ab5d06ce407249

The backscattered electron (BSE) images of a carbon steel 90° elbow after the test.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g010.jpg

0.474485

3928825829314e3cbc2c09952e0d1c2a

The backscattered electron (BSE) images of a carbon steel 60° elbow after the test.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g011.jpg

0.410291

006fe221f840454588420f42a519eb34

EDS spectra and elemental mapping after erosion in 90° elbow.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g012.jpg

0.369313

226666dcbc7944749fe21e27c3dc7f54

Mass loss in carbon steel elbow section after test: (a) bottom; (b) top.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g013.jpg

0.42661

9737d9a578224ac5a3ad7326c359b83f

Microhardness of carbon steel elbows’ upper half sections before and after the test.

PMC9147825

materials-15-03721-g014.jpg

0.433389

7339328ed15542f8a0c0ca33665c1fd3

Effects of IC extract on body weight (A), liver index (B), perirenal fat (C), and epididymal fat (D). The data represent means ± SEM (n = 6). ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 versus the control group; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 versus the HFD group, respectively. Liver index = (liver weight/body weight) × 100%.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g001.jpg

0.408238

c4ad1a45c7634161bc32894ad3ec0bab

Histopathological changes in liver tissues from the five experimental mouse groups.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g002.jpg

0.451955

399eccd539f4407aac757b7b34386ef9

α and β diversity in the fecal samples from the three experimental groups. (A). Venn diagram showing the shared and unique OTUs across three experimental groups. (B). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) ordination plot for the three experimental groups. (C). Rarefaction curves showing the average observed species number for three groups. (D). Shannon index diversity in the experimental groups. (E). Observed species index diversity in the experimental groups. (F). Chao1 indices diversity in the experimental groups. * p < 0.05, versus the HFD group.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g003.jpg

0.430122

ee91b2eb30504c6992d44af079285e45

Gut microbiota compositions at the phylum (A) and family (B) levels for the three experimental groups.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g004.jpg

0.421781

ea73bafd001c4115b14c930e443c3194

The relative abundance of four representative gut microbiota Lachnospiraceae (A), Akkermanisiaccae (B), Muribaculaceae (C) and Erysipelotrichaceae (D) compositions at the Family level. # (p < 0.05),versus the control group; ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, versus the HFD group.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g005.jpg

0.414492

12227616a7eb41d8865886eaf530eafd

Tax4Fun functional prediction.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g006.jpg

0.440837

479823a436be4cd893605e82d56ad1bf

Metabolite classes and compositions in the samples. (A). The overall differential metabolites. (B). Serum metabolic profiles of the three groups using a principal component analysis (PCA) score plot. (C). Pie chart indicating the abundance ratio of different chemical classes of annotated metabolites identified by untargeted metabolic profiling in liver samples. (D). Heatmap showing the differences in expression of the differential metabolites in the three groups. Red and blue colors indicate higher or lower expression, respectively, in each sample.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g007.jpg

0.488533

2c7017357aeb4f94a62308b5b75df126

Overall metabolite profile differences between two groups: (A). OPLS-DA score scatter plot for Control and HFD groups. (B). OPLS-DA score scatter plot for HFD and IC groups. (C). OPLS-DA permutation plot for control and HFD groups. (D). OPLS-DA permutation plot for HFD and IC groups.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g008.jpg

0.42325

48406b96702a4032b4f852dad20a29a5

Six representative differentially expressed metabolites D-Proline (A), Pyridoxal (B), Ornithine (C), N4-Acetylaminobutanal (D), L-Aspartic acid (E) and L-Glutamic acid (F) ### p < 0.001, ## p < 0.01, # p < 0.05, versus the control group; *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, versus the HFD group.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g009.jpg

0.42834

c70e4447e9ac4a4a8c10f368e85d001e

Bubble plot of KEGG pathway analysis.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g010.jpg

0.422254

c334f4ff880041d2bbb4cf2261cf71a5

Spearman correlation heatmap of differentially expressed microflora and serum metabolites, * p < 0.05.

PMC9147883

molecules-27-03148-g011.jpg

0.413646

2ec5cfcecac04e1180f71a627597c2b8

PRISMA flow diagram of searching and selection of the articles. Note. CBM: Chinese Biomedical Literature Database; CINAHL = Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature; CMCC = Chinese Medical Current Content; CMUL = Capital Medical University Library; CNKI: China National Knowledge; EMBASE: Excerpta Medica database; UMIN-CTR: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g001.jpg

0.484921

5185e44d0ade481488026e1bbda33eaa

Forest plot of effect of astaxanthin on body mass index [26,27,28,30]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g002.jpg

0.476886

cb61928eb9f9429b8ddb8f413118e419

Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on fasting blood glucose [26,27,28]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g003.jpg

0.488043

660d16887c8c498a87ee55d5f3b84b98

Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on systolic blood pressure [26,27,28,31]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g004.jpg

0.447438

c2241b41c1664dc88bac3f8e785ccaf3

Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on diastolic blood pressure [26,27,28,31]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g005.jpg

0.435819

f1f8ffc5a53040fbafabea48fea32d19

Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on total cholesterol [26,27,28,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g006.jpg

0.416297

415e081c282f4633a2cabd9af7148248

Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g007.jpg

0.410944

1a47674491e84291af00cc1e3d3960bb

Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g008.jpg

0.469315

1e113cbe68b045d7824afbfdf451679d

Forest plot of the effect of astaxanthin on triglyceride [26,28,29,30,31,32]. Bold means total data.

PMC9148008

nutrients-14-02050-g009.jpg

0.43251

29de6ecb5a9d4afd969a32d65fac5206

Composite concrete–steel beam test setup.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g001.jpg

0.428419

b3c8e0afcaa64fa39dde5d2455e4e1b2

Geometry of composite system: (a) length and height of the section; (b) beam cross-section and stud anchor. Unit: mm.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g002.jpg

0.411933

1dd4cf32a40d4bb4a054adafb621d15f

Loading protocol for the experiment.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g003.jpg

0.410522

0d97f5675f234be7a99355c690b8df19

Excited point distribution on steel deck (red arrows). Blue arrow indicates sensor location.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g004.jpg

0.523992

74bb38f1071b4765904446870982c675

Plan view of slab with numbering of excited points. Unit: mm.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g005.jpg

0.430385

2f0a227f292048639143c180574ce12c

Photograph of the actual experiment in which the hammer modal testing procedure is applied to the concrete-steel beam. The inset figure shows the hammer used to measure vibration properties.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g006.jpg

0.398255

e611a4fc75f44442b1e8746c4d55119b

FRF example from the first accelerometer in the initial state.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g007.jpg

0.458636

e0a99c1276954010979d0b45a64620a8

Coherence example from the first accelerometer in the initial state.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g008.jpg

0.458648

d7331977359d458aa477531754f9aaa5

Initial state mode shape ω=278.38Hz.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g009.jpg

0.475287

927d9e0dcfb1402fa4ecc64267ebc89a

Load–displacement curve for composite steel–concrete beam.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g010.jpg

0.434874

e8914c12e2294bcd8b7990a3fd3ce6e0

Example of a pair of initial and damaged modes for 40 kN state.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g011.jpg

0.469997

c4e41904ae304b51981869840fc27c88

Change in natural frequencies.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g012.jpg

0.451713

164ce5462f494249a52bacaf5ebde683

Increase in damage index.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g013.jpg

0.379048

dfa805138e8240d4baa84751d4c85086

(a) Whole beam with damage indices computed with the present numerical approach. (b) Experimentally measured crack pattern. (left) Area on the right highlighted.

PMC9148021

sensors-22-03874-g014.jpg

0.456299

647df9ba7f3646c1ade1942afe2affb6

Leaf crude extract of OI inhibits proliferation on PC3: (A) A leaf crude extract of OI was treated to PC3 at different doses (50-, 100-, 200-, 400- and 600 µg/mL) for 24-, 48- and 72 h, and its effect on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assays. (B) The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of leaf crude extract for the inhibition of cell proliferation was measured on PC3 cells by treating the cells with the doses, as above, for 24 h, and MTT assays were conducted. The control (Cont) cells were treated with PBS under identical conditions to the treated cells. (C) IC50 was measured using GraphPad Prism 8. The percentage of viable cells of each treated group was calculated after taking the viable numbers of control cells to be 100%. The p-values were calculated using Student’s “t” test. The bars indicate SD, * indicates a p-value > 0.05 and ** indicates a p-value > 0.01.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g001.jpg

0.402536

9ceb2630ff5d4926b5c58cb8a15fea98

Leaf crude extract of OI triggers gDNA fragmentation in PC3 cells: PC3 cells were treated with 50, 100, 200 or 400 µg/mL of leaf crude extract dissolved in PBS. The negative control cells (Cont) were treated with PBS. After treatment (A), comet assays were conducted as described in the Materials and Methods: (i) control, (ii) 50 µg/mL, (iii) 200 µg/mL, (iv) and 400 µg/mL. (B) The tail length of 25 comets in each group was measured, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated. p-values were calculated for each group, comparing with the control group using Student’s “t” test. **** indicates p-values > 0.0001. The bars indicate SD.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g002.jpg

0.401802

222d6b6859304355897ec0ae7310be7e

Purification of the bioactive compound using HPLC. The leaf extract was subjected to silica gel chromatographic fractionation, and then each fraction was subjected to a bioassay, as described in Section 4. (A) Fraction 3 of the silica gel chromatography was further subjected to preparative HPLC fractionation, and single peaks were further subjected to a bioassay. (B) A single peak of a 9.052 min retention time showed anticancer activity, and it was further analyzed on HPLC for purity. (C) The purified phytocompound collected as a single peak on HPLC was subjected to an MTT assay after treating the PC3 cells with 30, 60, 120 and 240 µM for 24 h. The percentage of viable cells of each treated group was calculated after taking the viable numbers of the control cells as 100%. The p-values were calculated using Student’s “t” test. The bars indicate SD, * indicates a p-value > 0.05, ** indicates p-value > 0.01. (D) The IC50 for the purified phytocompound was measured using GraphPad Prism 8 software.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g003a.jpg

0.528641

a4ae690c5a7e4664b725ecf531a5fecc

Chemical structure. After the NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR spectra were analyzed, the chemical structure and IUPAC name of the purified phytocompound were generated using ChemDoodle Software (iChemLabs, Ver. 9.0.3).

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g004.jpg

0.438635

4f04bf127f534d5d949b6f244042bb6f

Oroxyquinone-induced chromatin nucleation: PC3 cells treated with PBS (A), 30 µM (B) and 60 µM (C) of oroxyquinone were stained with DAPI and observed under a fluorescent microscope. Nucleation, indicated by red arrows, was observed in cells treated with the purified compound.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g005.jpg

0.449451

904cbea6dece4a0d90c5d53919719b6f

Oroxyquinone sensitizes PC3 cells to Annexin V: PC3 cells treated with PBS (A), or 30 µM (B), 60 µM (C) and 120 µM (D) oroxyquinone were stained with Annexin V (FITC) and PI to determine apoptosis. An increase in the number of annexin V-positive cells was observed from 24.6% to 64.0% of the total cells with an increased dose of oroxyquinone.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g006.jpg

0.427748

58039e36edec49ada75889f1b5908b42

Oroxyquinone triggers cell cycle arrest: PC3 cells were cultured and treated with different doses of OI, as indicated, or PBS (Control) for 24 h. (A) The cells were subjected to propidium iodide staining to measure the DNA content in each cell by flow cytometry. (B) The percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle was compared between the control and treated cells. The number of cells in the S phase increased with an increase in the dose in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05).

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g007.jpg

0.431181

42f9cb29050c4dcaa6f3fd410a9202c5

Oroxyquinone inhibits PC3 cell migration. The PC3 cells were cultured, and a wound healing assay was conducted as described in the Materials and Methods by treatment with 5µg/mL of oroxyquinone (Orox) or PBS (Control). (A) The pictures represent the images of the same cells of each group recorded at 0, 6, and 12 h of treatment. The dark marks on the upper left side of the image were to make sure the images were recorded on the same field each time. (B) In order to measure the area of the wound, the length of the scratches was measured on the light microscope and plotted on a graph. The wound area of the control at 0 hr was taken as 100%, and means and SD were calculated. p-values were calculated comparing with the control values of the same h of treatment by students’ “t” test. *** indicates p-value > 0.001.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g008.jpg

0.424835

4c62578d4eba4239a604bebaa1a52d41

Oroxyquinone caused the nuclear localization of AIF: PC3 cells were treated with PBS (Cont), 30 and 60 µM oroxyquinone, and incubated for 24 h. The cells were lysed, and the cellular fractions were separated. The AIF in the mitochondrial (Mito) and nuclear (Nucl)-enriched fractions was detected by Western blotting. An increase in AIF localization to the nucleus was observed in 60-µM treated cells compared to the control. A subsequent decrease in the AIF concentration in the mitochondria was also observed accordingly.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g009.jpg

0.446532

0871ad3afdaf45c2bece83d60bc8f715

Oroxyquinone induces apoptosis via MARKs pathways. (A) PC3 cells were cultured and treated with different doses of oroxyquinone; the total proteins were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE, and were immunoblotted using antibodies against total and phosphorylated forms of p38, JNK, and ERK. (B) PC3 cells were cultured and treated with the specific inhibitors SP600125 (SP), U0126 (U0), and SB203580 (SB) for JNK, ERK, and p38, respectively, for 24 h, and MTT assays were performed. (C) The involvement of p38 in apoptosis in PC3 cells treated with oroxyquinone was revalidated using p38 inhibitor SB202190. The p-value was calculated by comparison to the oroxyquinone-treated cells using Student’s “t” test. The bars indicate SD, * indicates a p-value > 0.05, ** indicates a p-value > 0.01, and *** indicates a p-value > 0.001.

PMC9148098

pharmaceuticals-15-00559-g010.jpg

0.469044

9c52fcc98b2c494e8167c8e722b35dc5

Writing cognitive model.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.001.jpg

0.390814

06fd3c23e1ad4329bd852ea66db79b9d

Bipartite graph representation of text.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.002.jpg

0.43276

52e56e019a6b4d358d74b34793ee6b01

Distribution of the duration of the writing process.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.003.jpg

0.49043

d861c56b13324bd5a407fbb44eeaf9d1

Subjective evaluation of learning methods.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.004.jpg

0.504507

3e99a8e1c4c7491ea4849d42d2a27f60

Flow chart of grammatical role annotation module.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.005.jpg

0.447665

1972e73f286241f6b091e5d1db620dbe

Accuracy of the improved feature selection model and the traditional model on KNN.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.006.jpg

0.450676

904dc11a9e0f4a4a9b80c593832f1cf3

Change of writing evaluation value.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.007.jpg

0.449737

5d15e2e51ac8459e8ed8ab931d797a31

The most frequent features mentioned by subjects to distinguish L1 from ESL writing styles.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.008.jpg

0.491005

9c38d045853c4106b94f72f9c5aa0b12

5-Fold cross-validation results for different feature subsets on a text classification task of 100 sentences in length.

PMC9148263

CIN2022-1779131.009.jpg

0.495637

f47fb3db995d4f269073fc20c8d3e7ec

Enzymatic properties of ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. a Effect of pH on enzyme activity. b Effect of temperature on enzyme activity. c pH stability. d Effect of temperature (70℃) on the stability. Each value in the panel represents the means ± SD (n = 3)

PMC9148494

12934_2022_1833_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.519126

8a54f7f2b1824ca5acb7a6c53c58052d

SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. Lane 1, 2, the culture supernatant of transformants ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2; lane 3, 4, the purified ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2

PMC9148494

12934_2022_1833_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.416443

471d7d0272104dfc96a2acd1bd22423b

Schematic diagram of the construction of the chimeric mutant. The CD sequences of TlGa15B-GA2 and ReGa15A are marked in yellow, and the CBM region is marked in green and blue, respectively. A CBM substitution. B Segment replacement. C Construction of combinatorial mutants

PMC9148494

12934_2022_1833_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.463065

7c4870708fd74c299aff846fe9e5f10a

SDS-PAGE analysis of culture supernatants among ReGa15A, TlGa15B-GA2 and mutants. A Secretion analysis of CBM substitution mutants between ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. B Secretion analysis of segment replacement mutants on TlGa15B-GA2. C Secretion analysis of combinatorial mutants on TlGa15B-GA2

PMC9148494

12934_2022_1833_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.564258

93c6e104377343a3b72c910da145670a

Effect of pH and temperature on the activity and stability of purified recombinant TlGa15B-GA2 and mutants. a: Effect of temperature on the activity. b: Effect of temperature (70℃) on the stability. c: Effect of pH on the activity. d: Effect of pH on the stability

PMC9148494

12934_2022_1833_Fig5_HTML.jpg

0.398272

908938b69ef14a7e860c97ffd97f1379

Use qRT-PCR to determine the relative expression levels of WT and mutants and the relative expression of genes related to quality control of UPR and ER. CNE1: calnexin (ER chaperone); ERO1: Pdi oxidase; HAC1: UPR activated transcription factor; KAR2: ER chaperone; PDI1: protein disulfide isomerase. The experiment is performed in at least triplicate, and the error bars represent the standard deviation. The 2.−ΔΔCT method was used to determine the relative expression, and the expression level of ARG4 in the strain was used as a reference. **: P value < 0.01 (t test)

PMC9148494

12934_2022_1833_Fig6_HTML.jpg

0.505968

758cd5d283c64809915a38758f674b17

Scanning electron micrograph images of raw corn starch after incubation with TlGA-M7 at 50 °C, for A 0, B 6, C 12, and D 24 h

PMC9148494

12934_2022_1833_Fig7_HTML.jpg