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0.396463 | 0f3ac48d789a40149c09f2697e80ed18 | (a) Design details of 3 stage graded hexagon; (b) The test specimens produced by FFF 3D printing process [40]; (c) Plan used in the construction of pre-folded honeycomb [78]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g010.jpg |
0.419017 | 5c0ecd9f62254bab99aeb821cd712856 | Structure of the piezoelectric composite bi-laminated vibrator [82]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g011.jpg |
0.456487 | dddcf9a5ac85456ead3679bbf9af6471 | The sequential recovery of the epoxy/polycaprolactone composite (A) Deformation from a temporary shape, (B) Deformation to temporary shape, (C) Deformation to a permanent shape [86], (D) Geometry and coordinate systems of sandwich plate with SMA hybrid composite faces [87]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g012.jpg |
0.522302 | d165be19756e4b2c8b83a868190236a9 | (a) MR fluid sandwich beam; (b) Plane view of MR fluid layer [91]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g013.jpg |
0.487022 | daa594e84ca54dc5827fcdbe9fc173aa | (a) Sandwich plate with the elastomer part; (b) Vibrating sandwich plate subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field [96]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g014.jpg |
0.522879 | 516ce309c86f4557b31682d77b1f42f3 | (a) Electrorheological fluid (ERF) sandwich beam [103]; (b) Electrorheological elastomer (ERE) sandwich beam. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g015.jpg |
0.498272 | 8dd0c797da854adcaf18f88adbfa5bb6 | Classification of composite skin material. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g016.jpg |
0.463739 | fd9942a64df0423495062dfb60041ed2 | (a) Heated press (1) manufacture setup (2) skin–core bond details of SS316L lattice core and CFRP skins [158], (b) Z-pinning technique [159], (c) Vacuum beg setup [160], (d) J-hooking technique [161], (e) Stitching technique [162], (f) Bolting technique [163], (g) Adhesive technique; (1) Adhesive gun; (2) Sandwich construction in out-of-plane; and (3) In-plane direction [110]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g017.jpg |
0.459093 | ff512037a9f94d57a72d6fb00a111156 | (a) Compression test setup; (b) Specific energy absorption vs. cell size [171]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g018.jpg |
0.463045 | a9e421d0c6d64b08b474fee1a460bc6c | Stress vs. strain of (a) Thick-walled; (b) Thin-walled re-entrant honeycomb structure [173]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g019.jpg |
0.409481 | 270df3323197409b82be68c45c0b7a9c | Deformation modes of (a) BD, (b) BS, (c) FD, (d) FS re-entrant tetra-kai-decahedral structure [174]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g020.jpg |
0.40499 | 53d52446c2f043019ee5ed723f20b5b7 | (a) Load displacement curve during three-point bending test; (b,c) Deformation mode of a sandwich specimen under three-point bending test [177]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g021.jpg |
0.462763 | 2f60eea34fe84cb8bac59e546624cf83 | (a–f) Out-of-plane orientation experimental and FEM impact results of the honeycomb and re-entrant sandwich beam at velocities of 2.236, 3.163, and 4.183 m/s [180]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g022.jpg |
0.40678 | 01f88bcc838d42fd87c3efc12cfd1b59 | Impacting responses and the corresponding failure process of the sandwich panels using the conical impactor with different impacting energies [181]. | PMC9608463 | polymers-14-04267-g023.jpg |
0.450892 | 831396706eda4d57a285c356a2732ede | General and individual changes in body composition alteration and exercise training: (a,b) Body composition relative to the PRE8 timepoint of each participant; (c,d) Exercise training relative to the PRE8 timepoint of each participant; Dotted lines represent each participant, bars represent mean; n = 5 participants; Absolute values for body composition and exercise training are shown in Table S1. | PMC9608465 | metabolites-12-00911-g001.jpg |
0.389599 | 6f16d100f70043118aecc6eb44c95686 | Dietary intake patterns at different levels: (a) Energy intake relative to the PRE8 timepoint of each participant, inclusive of diet and supplements (Table S2); Dotted lines represent each participant; Bars represent mean (n = 5 participants); (b) Contribution of macronutrients and carbohydrate types to energy intake; Black lines represent mean (n = 5 participants); Striped bars represent the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) [45]; (c) Principal component analysis of food items; Vectors indicate the contribution of each food item to the diet; Ellipses indicate 95% confidence intervals of samples from each participant; Please see Figure S2 for a larger version of (c); (d) Serves of protein foods consumed as compared to the minimum recommended daily intake (MRDI) [46]; LC N-3 = long chain n-3 fatty acids; Serves of other food types are shown in Figure S1. Supplement intake is shown in Table S2. | PMC9608465 | metabolites-12-00911-g002.jpg |
0.52204 | ebca68c15ebe4f82ad422f567a4b5c85 | Shifts in gut microbial community composition within and between individuals: (a) Principal coordinate analysis ordination of weighted UniFrac distances; Connecting lines indicate shifts in microbial community composition across timepoints; (b) Weighted UniFrac distances relative to the PRE8 timepoint; Higher values indicate greater between-sample diversity; (c) Inverse Simpson index; Higher values indicate greater within-sample diversity; (d) Relative abundance of bacteria taxa grouped at phylum level; (e) Relative abundance of bacteria taxa grouped at genus level or the next lowest taxonomic assignment; [Square brackets] around taxa indicates uncertain taxon assignation. | PMC9608465 | metabolites-12-00911-g003.jpg |
0.468445 | 5993fb482ea2426686bdd4af5fc44cae | Circulating metabolites profiles differentiated by timepoint: Principal component analysis of (a) all metabolites; (b) metabolites significant by timepoint (Table S3); Ellipses indicate 95% confidence intervals of samples from each participant or timepoint; Vectors indicate the contribution of each metabolite to serum metabolite profiles; The PRE1 sample for P5 did not pass LC-MS quality control and was excluded from analysis. | PMC9608465 | metabolites-12-00911-g004.jpg |
0.480902 | b293773ced6c40e0b6a280c9af9ecfd3 | Radiological measurement of translational/angular slip. A, Preoperative
standing lateral radiographs. The white arrow indicates translational
slip and black arrows indicate anterior/posterior disc height. B,
Preoperative extension radiographs. C, Postoperatively 6-weeks standing
lateral radiographs. D, Last follow-up standing lateral radiographs. The
black arrow indicates cage position from the anterior margin of the
disc. | PMC9609541 | 10.1177_2192568221989295-fig1.jpg |
0.379248 | 077960be6bb74322b59eec6efd50d31a | AndroidManifext.xml showing permissions. | PMC9609682 | sensors-22-07928-g001.jpg |
0.460839 | 9bda73c7ea724424b7776421e8dd1ab9 | Malware Types. | PMC9609682 | sensors-22-07928-g002.jpg |
0.418443 | 3e66664b88fb4835a6f5729d2e5bb4d0 | Methodology flowchart. | PMC9609682 | sensors-22-07928-g003.jpg |
0.409538 | 637a6712cbfe4b8cab834c472468a7d2 | Identification of studies. | PMC9609682 | sensors-22-07928-g004.jpg |
0.470678 | 4e0d245348724a238103469e9e7b7fe5 | Publications’ distribution per year. | PMC9609682 | sensors-22-07928-g005.jpg |
0.431258 | 92633831ac7d4a5380c3c9f45dea2d51 | Distribution of the papers quality score basis. | PMC9609682 | sensors-22-07928-g006.jpg |
0.486001 | 4f24c1d57ab049628cfa812bdf2d47ca | Reported accuracy: ([16,17,18,19,20,21,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]). | PMC9609682 | sensors-22-07928-g007.jpg |
0.48165 | 806ac4b58d694ff48700913e2e0ad3be | Schematic diagram of indoor particle dynamic process with an air purifier in a space. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g001.jpg |
0.431959 | 08f18ef6fcca435695fb0bfdf94dded8 | Floor plan of three test houses ((a) A house, (b) B house, and (c) C house) and the layout of experimental devices. A yellow colored space of a living room with an entrance and a kitchen is confined as a test volume in this study. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g002a.jpg |
0.452517 | 6060b97fa68b43678fcf4ecfc77e9ec3 | A photo of the set experimental devices at the test house. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g003.jpg |
0.545193 | f1ada73acba34355810bdeba32c742b0 | Air leakage flow rate in houses according to indoor envelope pressure for three test houses. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g004.jpg |
0.457726 | f225ccdaf2394d618586709862a3f9dc | CADRActual of an air purifier measured at a test house using the KCl test particles and outdoor atmospheric particles for (a) 0.3–1.0 μm particles and (b) 1.0–2.5 μm particles. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g005.jpg |
0.403718 | fc372031dce74b2497fbeaea80e5ef00 | Normalized number concentration of 0.3–1.0 μm particles with operations of an air purifier on and off at two test houses according to time. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations are in the range of (a) 40–60 μg/m3 and (b) 10–20 μg/m3. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g006.jpg |
0.418963 | c078315e99814f42b92c2d01d1c0dfac | Experimental and theoretical CADRActual of an air purifier for 0.3–1.0 μm particles at different outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. (a) is acquired with an air purifier off (CADRActual,off) (b) is with an air purifier on (CADRActual,on)and (c) is CADRActual (=CADRActual,on − CADRActual,off). | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g007a.jpg |
0.411991 | 3466643d0ef147adb4c5f12a93317ea2 | Comparison of CADRActual to CADRAP (standard CADR) at (a) house A and (b) house B according to different outdoor PM2.5 level ranges. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g008a.jpg |
0.395583 | b82866fb77774e73ac55793b112d7128 | Comparison of experimental and theoretical CADRActual to standard CADRAP at different PM2.5 concentrations according to ACH50 of houses. | PMC9610078 | toxics-10-00616-g009.jpg |
0.472851 | 20b21cd387d34f29977fabd7794978b6 | Flow chart of the study datasets. | PMC9610133 | nutrients-14-04290-g001.jpg |
0.445616 | 067f6229ffca4537ae2a70d1d8d2a4a2 | Comparison of the selection frequencies of users with type 2 diabetes mellitus for each nutritional cluster. | PMC9610133 | nutrients-14-04290-g002.jpg |
0.4465 | e1897c389a084e05b5bd99298ced9ff2 | GLP-1 and GLP-2 signaling and the interaction with the gut inflammatory network and gut microbiota. (A) GLP-1 and 2 are produced by L-cells via enzyme-mediated cleavage of proglucagon. These gut peptides exert diverse effects through binding to their specific receptors, GLP-1R and GLP-2R, respectively. (B) Intestine-specific functions of GLP-1 and -2 are essential to maintain intestine–microbiota–immune system interactions. Created with BioRender.com. | PMC9610230 | microorganisms-10-02061-g001a.jpg |
0.411771 | d3731ef1a8e34b40b9d228a3c3cae0a5 | A. japonica treatment attenuated Con A-induced acute liver injury. (A) Effect of EJA on serum ALT levels; (B) Effect of EJA on serum AST levels. (ns = nonsignificant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 among the compared groups. Student t-test was performed. EJA: A. japonica extract). | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g001.jpg |
0.438603 | 5b3252830cb847d8ac917a785bf7d050 | Histopathological observation (A) Control group; (B) Model group; (C) A. japonica low dose group; (D) A. japonica high dose group; and (E) Positive control group (Bifendate, BFD). Scale bar = 200 µm. | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g002.jpg |
0.435218 | 5f81e44920194e2fb8c6d7c0ff24ef60 | A. japonica alleviates the level of oxidative stress induced by acute liver injury. (A) MDA levels in rat liver tissues; (B) SOD activity in rat liver tissues, Student’s t-test was performed (ns: not significant, ** p < 0.01). | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g003.jpg |
0.430478 | b8a1352fc5cb40e889532f1355d71d13 | Discrimination of plasma metabolic profiles in normal group (CNormal), model group (CModel), and EJA administered group. Plots of PCA scores (A) and PLS-DA scores; (B) in positive ion mode; Plots of PCA scores; (C) PLS-DA scores; and (D) in negative ion mode. | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g004.jpg |
0.43297 | f7bbf79f111f484ebd94d84a50b00326 | Sample distribution of different groups in OPLS-DA mode. (A) the normal group and the model group in positive ion mode; (B) the normal group and the model group in negative ion mode; (C) the model group and the treatment group in positive ion mode; and (D) the model group and the treatment group in negative ion mode. | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g005.jpg |
0.475441 | acd92a2515894c619324766333f0f40b | Volcano plot of multiplier variation. (A) Volcano plot of change in the difference between control and model groups; (B) Volcano plot of the difference between the model group and the drug administration group. Note: Horizontal coordinates are multiples of change, vertical coordinates are t-test p-values. | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g006.jpg |
0.535617 | a1ea660eb6384b8ca2c3b97dedfeb0ab | (A) Venn diagram showing the overlapping metabolites in different groups; (B) differential metabolite correlation thermal images in positive ion mode; and (C) differential metabolite correlation thermal images in negative ion mode. | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g007.jpg |
0.441794 | 786a0a847ae746fdb742501b77d379b1 | Metabolic pathway analysis. (A) Enrichment analysis of normal group and model group. (B) Topology analysis of normal group and model group. (C) Enrichment analysis of model group and drug administration group. (D) Topological analysis of model group and drug administration group. Note: The horizontal coordinates of B and D are the ORA analysis p-values, with the blue area being significant (p < 0.05); the vertical coordinates are the topological analysis effects. | PMC9610646 | metabolites-12-00981-g008.jpg |
0.402389 | 38928e16d1924b45a9f9b00696084668 | sTBI alters the lung microbial structure. (A,B): Analysis of alpha diversity of lung microbiota by Chao1 analysis and Simpson analysis, respectively. (C): PCoA plots of beta diversity in different groups. (D): Analysis of differences between groups based on permutational multivariate analysis of variance. (E–G): Relative abundance of lung microbiota at phylum, class and genus, respectively. Q: control group. T3h, T1d, T3d, T7d and T14d: 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after sTBI. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. | PMC9611479 | microorganisms-10-02082-g001.jpg |
0.431112 | c27fc84e4f724affa6f92db4eb3b18dd | Species composition analysis of lung microbiota. (A): Heatmap analysis of relative abundances of gut microbiota at the genus level in different groups. (B): LEfSe analysis of lung microbiota. The histogram of the Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores illustrates the differentially abundant bacterial communities in the lung microbiota. The LDA score at log 10 > 3 is set as the threshold and the length of each bin, i.e., the LDA score represents the extent to which the bacterial biomarker differs among the groups. (C–T): Relative abundances of 18 significantly altered bacterial genera. Q: control group. T3h, T1d, T3d, T7d and T14d: 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after sTBI. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. | PMC9611479 | microorganisms-10-02082-g002.jpg |
0.449031 | d0dbec799a37407a9bb554e13329c52f | sTBI induces gut microbiota dysbiosis. (A,B): Analysis of alpha diversity of gut microbiota by Chao1 analysis and Simpson analysis, respectively. (C): PCoA plots of beta diversity in different groups. (D): Analysis of differences between groups based on permutational multivariate analysis of variance. (E,F): Relative abundance of gut microbiota at phylum and genus, respectively. (G): LEfSe analysis of gut microbiota. The histogram of the Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores illustrates the differentially abundant bacterial communities in the gut microbiota. The LDA score at log 10 > 3 is set as the threshold and the length of each bin, i.e., the LDA score represents the extent to which the bacterial biomarker differs among the groups. (H): Heatmap analysis of relative abundances of gut microbiota at the genus level in different groups. (I–X): Relative abundances of 16 significantly altered bacterial genera. Q: control group. T3h, T1d, T3d, T7d and T14d: 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after sTBI. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. | PMC9611479 | microorganisms-10-02082-g003.jpg |
0.391746 | b5ffe6d7f29b44df924b8a778117abc7 | Lung injury and bacterial translocation and in mice after sTBI. (A): Lung HE staining. Q: control group. T3h, T1d, T3d, T7d and T14d: 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after sTBI. Scale bar = 100 μm. (B): Quantification of histological injury score. Data are depicted as mean ± SD with * p < 0.05 compared to Q, T3h, T1d, T3d by one-way ANOVA. (C): MPO activity of lung tissue. Q: control group. Data are depicted as mean ± SD with * p < 0.05 compared to Q, #p < 0.05 compared to Q, T3h, T1d, T3d, ° p < 0.05 compared to T7d by one-way ANOVA. (D): Levels of plasma LBP. a p < 0.05 compared to Q, b p < 0.05 compared to T3h, c p < 0.05 compared to T1d, d p < 0.05 compared to T3d, e p < 0.05 compared to T7d by one-way ANOVA. (E): Levels of plasma sCD14. a p < 0.05 compared to Q, b p < 0.05 compared to T3h, c p < 0.05 compared to T1d, d p < 0.05 compared to T7d by one-way ANOVA. (F): Levels of plasma zonulin. a p < 0.05 compared to Q, b
p < 0.05 compared to T3h, c p < 0.05 compared to T1d, d p < 0.05 compared to T7d by one-way ANOVA. Q: control group. T3h, T1d, T3d, T7d and T14d: 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after sTBI. Data are depicted as mean ± SD. (G,H): SourceTracker identified lung microbiota contains bacteria from the gut microbiota. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. | PMC9611479 | microorganisms-10-02082-g004.jpg |
0.423996 | 17ebed2ee1244da5bdf85b53d078a34b | Paneth cells control gut microbiota and post-sTBI infection. (A): Intestinal lysozyme immunohistochemistry. Q: control group. T3h, T1d, T3d, T7d and T14d: 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after severe TBI. The black arrow indicated lysozyme. The Blue arrow indicates the villi of the small intestine. Scale bar = 200 μm. (B): The DAB staining intensity. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. (C): Apoptosis and lysozyme expression in the small intestine by Western Blot. C-caspase-3 indicated Cleaved caspase-3. (D): Cleaved caspase-3 at different time points after severe TBI. Data are depicted as mean ± SD with a p < 0.05 compared to Q, b p < 0.05 compared to T3h, c p < 0.05 compared to T1d, d p < 0.05 compared to T3d, e p < 0.05 compared to T7d by one-way ANOVA. (E): Lysozyme at different time points after severe TBI. Data are depicted as mean ± SD with a p < 0.05 compared to Q, b p < 0.05 compared to T3h, c p < 0.05 compared to T1d, d p < 0.05 compared to T3d by one-way ANOVA. (F): mLyz1 at different time points after severe TBI. Data are depicted as mean ± SD with a p < 0.05 compared to Q, b p < 0.05 compared to T3h, c p < 0.05 compared to T1d, d p < 0.05 compared to T3d, e p < 0.05 compared to T7d by one-way ANOVA. (G): mDefa6 at different time points after severe TBI. Data are depicted as mean ± SD with a p < 0.05 compared to Q, b p < 0.05 compared to T3h, c p < 0.05 compared to T1d by one-way ANOVA. (H): The correlation between intestinal apoptosis or antimicrobial peptides and gut dysbacteriosis or bacterial translocation by Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Red indicated a positive correlation. Blue indicated a negative correlation. Color depth indicates the strength of correlation. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. | PMC9611479 | microorganisms-10-02082-g005.jpg |
0.489103 | c7c53a1dd45742b2bddc670a145f6fd8 | Excitation (a, b) and emission spectra (a′, b′) for the blank of o-phthalaldehyde and sample (reaction product of ARP and CLZ with o-phthalaldehyde in borate buffer), respectively. | PMC9611627 | pharmaceuticals-15-01174-g001.jpg |
0.456863 | 4ef5fda2d175462fbd0503e75ef46040 | Effect of pH of borate buffer on the relative fluorescence intensity of the reaction product of ARP and CLZ with o-phthalaldehyde. | PMC9611627 | pharmaceuticals-15-01174-g002.jpg |
0.509283 | e3f273f8f04642e7b6c0a93493b555f5 | Effect of concentration of o-phthalaldehyde, (0.1% w/v) on the fluorescence intensity of the reaction product of ARP and CLZ in borate buffer. | PMC9611627 | pharmaceuticals-15-01174-g003.jpg |
0.49552 | 0dddd83220f4452d8878f8491f165b57 | Effect of volume of β-mercaptoethanol (1.0% v/v) on the fluorescence intensity of the reaction product of ARP and CLZ with o-phthalaldehyde in borate buffer. | PMC9611627 | pharmaceuticals-15-01174-g004.jpg |
0.454518 | 9968935707f54e19b42bc95da71613ee | Effect of reaction time on the relative fluorescence intensity of the reaction product of ARP and CLZ with o-phthalaldehyde. | PMC9611627 | pharmaceuticals-15-01174-g005.jpg |
0.476107 | a5665fc93c014dc8ad4f72674d6f21f4 | Emission spectra of o-phthalaldehyde with increasing ARP and CLZ concentrations (0.1–0.06 μg/mL) in buffer borate. | PMC9611627 | pharmaceuticals-15-01174-g006.jpg |
0.463526 | 476db63fd82a42ab8717887ad6b6872c | Proposed pathway of the reaction between ARP and o-phthalaldehyde in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol in a borate buffer. | PMC9611627 | pharmaceuticals-15-01174-sch001.jpg |
0.458327 | 4c68aadd3e52462182eda87afa2aaab9 | Animal experiment scheme. Abbreviation: o.− oral immunization; ip.− intraperitoneal immunization; B−FrVI− barley fraction VI proteins. | PMC9611736 | nutrients-14-04371-g001.jpg |
0.461691 | 8ac2a396e0194a3bb84f84b71e9b1c75 | The barley crude extract (A) SDS-PAGE profile and (B) IgE immunoreactivity. Abbreviations: LMWM—low range molecular weight marker; cBP—crude extract of barley proteins; nA-PS—sera from patients non-allergic to food; FA-PS-sera from patients allergic to food. The mean OD value ± SD was considered positive (assigned with +) if it exceeded the mean of the negative controls (nA-PS) by more than three standard deviations. | PMC9611736 | nutrients-14-04371-g002.jpg |
0.448293 | f631ca59604643e8803edd0e4a7a0f7a | (A) Elution profiles of crude protein extract (cBP) from barley grains on the ion-exchange DEAE-Sepharose column; (B) SDS-PAGE protein patterns of eluted fractions I–VI (MWS, molecular weight standard); and (C) the IgE immunoreactivity of barley fractions I–VI. The OD value was considered a positive response with food-allergic patients’ serum (+) if it exceeded the mean of the controls (non-allergic patients’ serum) by more than three standard deviation values. | PMC9611736 | nutrients-14-04371-g003.jpg |
0.426434 | 19e861fb75d34ef8a7e244cae5c64226 | The humoral immune response of Balb/c mice to barley fraction VI (B–FrVI) to: (A) specific serum IgG; (B) specific serum IgA; and (C) specific IgA in fecal extracts. Mice were divided into three groups: sensitized (ip.B–FrVI, black bars), gavaged with antigen (o.B–FrVI, light grey bars), and PBS treated as control (PBS, dark grey bars). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD from the group (n = 6). Two-way ANOVA performed the statistical analysis. Statistical differences were assigned * for p < 0.05; ** for p < 0.01; *** for p < 0.001; and **** for p < 0.0001. | PMC9611736 | nutrients-14-04371-g004.jpg |
0.444912 | 0042b1665ed541fcbef8a3bad78754b4 | The (A) IgG and (B) IgA APC responses by Balb/c mice intraperitoneally (ip.B-FrVI) or orally (o.B-FrVI) sensitized with barley fraction VI, and by the control PBS-treated group (PBS). Splenocytes were isolated at the end of experiment from each group (n = 6) and set for B-cell ELISpot assay. The bars represent the mean of the group (n = 6) ± SD. Two-way ANOVA performed the statistical analysis. Statistical differences were assigned **** for p < 0.001. | PMC9611736 | nutrients-14-04371-g005.jpg |
0.378705 | a6035e1a3a6c4927b305cfdecc985ad3 | The (A) proliferation assays of splenocytes and (B) mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes after stimulation with B-FrVI, beer liophylisate (Beer), or growing in medium only (Con). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test was used to determine the statistical differences. Bars represent the mean of the group (n = 5) ± SD. The mean values with different superscripts were different at p < 0.001. | PMC9611736 | nutrients-14-04371-g006.jpg |
0.441703 | 488be974dc77462c8ad45ee496809fd8 | Schematic block diagram of the PLE system. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g001.jpg |
0.403502 | b99f9e730969485a95b8f47e4070d674 | WPT system architecture with external transmitter (Tx) and implanted receiver (Rx) coil and temperature-sense-probe units. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g002.jpg |
0.430906 | 6628ef2296234147b5f7843557ab7454 | An illustration of thin and flexible coils with the position of the twelve NTC thermistors (numbered 1 to 12) adhered on the coil surface. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g003.jpg |
0.429755 | e157f75e88874486a6257da555a03496 | An in vivo measurement setup: (a) implanted coils underneath the skin, and (b) primary coils adhered above the skin. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g004.jpg |
0.43828 | 1d0968483fc34e5eb639551c65337231 | Constructed geometry in COMSOL for in silico model (Symmetry at r = 0). | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g005.jpg |
0.493666 | cb54a9916ee44b6a81f6a179a3ade085 | The geometry after applying the meshes. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g006.jpg |
0.49645 | 1760b0d0fcc44089a3359f2502c829c4 | An in vivo temperature measurement from the implanted coil: (a) baseline temperature (power is OFF), (b) pulsed transmission (5 W LVAD), (c) continuous transmission (5 W LVAD), and (d) average temperature calculated from (b,c) in pulsed and continuous transmissions (for 5 W rated LVAD). | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g007.jpg |
0.435907 | c8cdaceacdb84545a8d1ad4efb23ae95 | In vivo temperature measurements from the implanted coils: (a) 2.5 W, (b) 5 W, (c) 6 W, and (d) 8 W power rated LVAD (semi-log scale). | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g008.jpg |
0.396634 | a628cc89924e4595b2964556e097693a | In vivo and cadaver temperature measurements from channel 1 (implanted) during pulsed and continuous transmission. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g009.jpg |
0.412102 | 13f7e25914744186ab58d649fefbf85a | Average relative temperature change (ΔT) in the subcutaneous tissues vs. power delivered to the load in pulsed and continuous transmission protocols from the in vivo measurements with power levels of 2.5 W, 5 W, 6 W, and 8 W. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g010.jpg |
0.440337 | 96b02ea2a7a24c21bbf1f4db554e3350 | Maximum average temperature changes for in vivo and cadaver measurements at 5 W LVAD under pulsed and continuous transmission protocols (channel 1 and channel 2). | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g011.jpg |
0.554631 | db16cd055dcc445fa6326a37e9d22be9 | (a) Generated point graph from the simulated results above the implanted coil surface for 5 W LVAD, and (b) the position of the point. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g012.jpg |
0.425432 | b852623675064161be079a828a877040 | Contour plots of thermal analysis: (a) pulsed and (b) continuous transmission modes for 2.5 W LVAD. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g013.jpg |
0.488213 | 18fc819184f145ac82aa15b0af2d9a65 | Contour plots of thermal analysis: (a) pulsed and (b) continuous transmission modes for 5 W LVAD. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g014.jpg |
0.556972 | aa03b53de71a49eab39be747aacf1663 | Contour plots of thermal analysis: (a) pulsed and (b) continuous transmission modes for 8 W LVAD. | PMC9611940 | sensors-22-07775-g015.jpg |
0.391437 | ffc4d0a29d4d430186f7f38647cc2106 | Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography of the tumour in the left ventricle and papillary muscle at the base of the anterolateral papillary muscle (orange arrow, tumour; blue arrow, anterolateral papillary muscle). | PMC9612093 | medicina-58-01404-g001.jpg |
0.449092 | 91cb6651268544ca971ba08b143eb728 | Cardiac magnetic resonance image of the tumour in the left ventricle and papillary muscle at the base of the anterolateral papillary muscle (white arrow, left ventricle tumour); RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle. | PMC9612093 | medicina-58-01404-g002.jpg |
0.473906 | fd0a2085bed341a080b4bc63bdf27895 | Left ventricle tumour implanted at the base of the anterolateral papillary muscle (blue arrow). | PMC9612093 | medicina-58-01404-g003.jpg |
0.437818 | 942523aff7dc48158d311dab65bb775c | Intraoperative image of the excised tumour. | PMC9612093 | medicina-58-01404-g004.jpg |
0.41348 | ccb72ed7277e41609c4caba9ed362133 | Tumoural proliferation with fusiform cells and myxoid stroma that infiltrate the myocardial fibres and mild degree of nuclear atypia. | PMC9612093 | medicina-58-01404-g005.jpg |
0.503764 | fd91cbf577234febbd3e80f7ad151f21 | Immunohistochemical examination showing S100 marker diffusely positive in the fusiform cells. | PMC9612093 | medicina-58-01404-g006.jpg |
0.427541 | dd44f61096cd4a92b983638a826a53f6 | Immunohistochemical examination showing CD34 marker positive in the vessels and the fusiform cells. | PMC9612093 | medicina-58-01404-g007.jpg |
0.508211 | f388186d9a17417586e3699e3d87959c | Antimicrobial assay of MC_A and MC_B fractions against S. epidermidis 12228 and 35984 strains. | PMC9612225 | molecules-27-07109-g001.jpg |
0.530042 | be79de1aa90a4ef8bd7f87068d8ad063 | Purification and antimicrobial assessment of MC_A derived fractions (MC_A1, MC_A2, MC_A3) against S. epidermidis and S. aureus strains. | PMC9612225 | molecules-27-07109-g002.jpg |
0.471093 | e93e95f745684c23b6098e5afb563689 | Bactericidal activity of MC_A3 (panels (A,B)). Representative pictures of live/dead imaging of S. aureus MRSA after 4 μg/mL MC_A3 treatment (panels (C,D)). Cells were observed at 20× magnification (Iris Digita System, Twin Helix). After 24 h, control cells showed uptake of only acridine orange (C) (green fluorescence), while MC_A3-treated cells showed uptake of ethidium bromide (D) (red fluorescence). | PMC9612225 | molecules-27-07109-g003.jpg |
0.449336 | 1d4f81afb99b45748340fd67ed6cae60 | Chemical structure of compounds 1–7, isolated from leaves of M. communis. | PMC9612225 | molecules-27-07109-g004.jpg |
0.439042 | 5c9410afd9ec4e94b9058e72706e2919 | Selected NOESY correlation (A) and H–C long-range correlations (B) of compound 1 evidenced in and HMBC. | PMC9612225 | molecules-27-07109-g005.jpg |
0.48413 | 7e9697a484b14ebc9ae328e3192d0455 | Key nOe correlation of compound 3 (top); expanded region of NOESY experiment of compound 3. | PMC9612225 | molecules-27-07109-g006.jpg |
0.393181 | 6eada86aaa514e8bb728e8dcb0bb0601 | Purification and antimicrobial assessment of compounds (1, 3, 5) against S. epidermidis and S aureus strains. | PMC9612225 | molecules-27-07109-g007.jpg |
0.398711 | 44c72fc71a494222afa72acb9f0b02cc | PRISMA flowchart of the included studies. | PMC9612734 | tju-48-1-41-g001.jpg |
0.450271 | b692bb3fb6dd4804bad8e195ec7852c4 | Illustration of the pre-scanner training and in-scanner behavioural tasks.A) Both before and during fMRI, participants saw computer-generated images of two buildings with different wall-textures rendered onto their exterior surfaces. One building concealed a pile of virtual gold (reinforcement) and the location of this reward was perfectly determined by the combination of wall-textures shown. In the pre-scanner training phase, participants were tasked with learning the reward contingencies via trial-and-error. A left/right button press was required within 3 seconds of the start of each trial. Following this, a feedback animation was shown indicating whether the response was correct or not. During the in-scanner task, participants were required to respond to still images of the two buildings, yet no feedback was provided. B) A schematic illustration of the reward contingencies trained before scanning (i.e., the premise discriminations, red solid lines) and inferred inside the scanner (i.e., inferred discriminations, dashed lines). Letters denote unique wall textures and the greater than signs indicate the rewarded wall-texture in each premise discrimination. Taken together the 6 premise discriminations implied a 1-dimensional transitive hierarchy. Inferred discriminations did not involve the ends of the hierarchy (i.e., A and G) since such challenges can be solved by retrieving an explicitly trained (featural) contingency (e.g., recalling that A is always rewarded). As such, the set of inferred discriminations included three trials with a ‘transitive distance’ of Δ2, two trials with a transitive distance of Δ3, and one trial with a transitive distance of Δ4. Note that participants were trained on two independent transitive hierarchies on two separate days: one 24 hours before scanning, one immediately before scanning. While equivalent in structure, the contingencies learnt on each day involved entirely different wall-texture stimuli (counterbalanced across participants) which were never presented in the same trial. C) and D) On each day of training, premise trials were ordered in one of two ways: interleaved training involved presented all 6 premise discriminations in pseudorandom order such that there was a uniform probability (1/6) of encountering any one discrimination on a particular trial (panel C). In contrast, progressive training involved 6 epochs of different lengths that gradually introduced the discriminations whilst ensuring that, once a discrimination had been introduced, it was presented in all subsequent epochs (panel D). | PMC9612823 | pcbi.1010566.g001.jpg |
0.509951 | 9ce3e5e632d5400da38ee9d2d797bd2a | Humans show better generalisation following progressive training.A) Estimates of the probability of a correct response, Pr(correct), split by trial type (premise vs inferred) and experimental condition (training method and session). While participants showed comparable levels of performance on the premise discriminations across conditions (red bars), inference performance varied by training method with progressive learners showing much higher levels of accuracy (blue bars). B) On inference trials, behavioural performance was positively related to “transitive distance” (the degree of separation between discriminable features along the transitive hierarchy, see Fig 1B). While the correlation between transitive distance and performance was positive in all conditions, the association was most consistent for remote discriminations in the progressive training condition. C) Estimates of the mean response time (in seconds, correct responses only) split by trial type and experimental condition (as in panel A). Response times closely mirrored the probability of a correct response but showed an additional effect indicating that participants were faster at responding to remote contingencies (overall). D) Response times to inference trails by transitive distance. While not significant, in general, response times decreased as transitive distance increased. Individual data points reflect response times across all trials and participants, and error bars/lines represent 95% confidence intervals. | PMC9612823 | pcbi.1010566.g002.jpg |
0.369692 | 39dbdbd2c9ec4f7faf325551d30bc98d | Behavioural performance is suggestive of encoding-based generalisation mechanisms.This figure shows goodness-of-fit statistics per participant and condition for two models of inference performance (lower values indicate a better model fit). The AND model implements a general assumption of retrieval-based generalisation mechanisms—that inference requires retrieving multiple independent response contingencies in order to evaluate transitive relationships. In contrast, the OR model realises a general assumption of encoding-based generalisation; specifically, that inferences require the retrieval of a unified structural representation. In all conditions, average goodness-of-fit statistics were lowest for the OR model indicating that it was a better fit to the behavioural data (result qualified by a generalised linear mixed-effects model—see text). | PMC9612823 | pcbi.1010566.g003.jpg |
0.491113 | a411e22fc1b74a3a9855e07bf944ca5a | Inference performance within- and across- experimental conditions is associated with univariate BOLD activity in the superior MPFC.Panels A and B show activity in the left superior MPFC. Panels C and D show activity in the right superior MPFC. Bar charts display mean response amplitudes to all in-scanner discriminations split by trial type (premise vs inferred) and experimental condition (training method and session). Scatter plots display mean response amplitudes to all inference trials (both recent and remote) as a function of inference performance, split by training method (interleaved vs progressive). In the left superior MPFC, a main effect of trial type indicated lower levels of BOLD activity on inference trails (panel A). This was superseded by a significant 3-way interaction indicating larger BOLD responses to inference trials in progressive learners who achieved high levels of inference performance (panel B). The right superior MPFC showed a significant 2-way interaction between trial type and training method. This indicated that BOLD responses in interleaved learners were lower on inference trials (relative to premise trials), but comparable to premise trials in progressive learners (panels C and D). Overall, these data indicate that the MPFC produced greater levels of BOLD activity whenever response accuracy is high. Individual data points indicate discrimination-specific BOLD estimates for each participant and error-bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. | PMC9612823 | pcbi.1010566.g004.jpg |
0.454379 | 9f9afd42a7204ebdacecc01b66cf3d93 | Methods and results for the RSA.A) BOLD responses across voxels (v1, v2, etc.) for each in-scanner discrimination (A>B, B>D, etc.) were estimated in a set of 1st level models. These were linearly transformed into representations of specific wall-texture stimuli (A, B, C, etc.) via a least-squares decomposition procedure. Subsequently, BOLD similarity between wall-textures was estimated, Fisher-transformed, and entered into a mixed-effects model that implemented the RSA. Nuisance covariates accounted for trivial correlations between co-presented wall-textures and correlations resulting from the decomposition procedure. Effects of interest modelled the influence of condition, behavioural performance, and transitive distance. B) In the left hippocampus, transitive distance (i.e., the separation between wall-textures) was negatively correlated with BOLD similarity across all conditions. As such, this region appears to encode a structural representation of the transitive hierarchy that is not modulated by training method (i.e., interleaved vs progressive) or session (recent vs remote). C) The left superior MPFC exhibited a distance by session interaction suggesting that structural representations were only expressed for recently learnt contingencies. Individual datapoints indicate pairwise similarity estimates from all participants and shaded error-bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. | PMC9612823 | pcbi.1010566.g005.jpg |
0.449817 | 97404f6abe8d4edbb80f94bc81de2148 | Associations between measures of behavioural performance and the magnitude of distance effects in the RSA.Solid trend lines depict the fitted fixed-effect relationship, while shaded error-bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Note that negative distance effects (plotted above the dashed horizontal) represent the predicted association between transitive distance and BOLD pattern similarity. Individual datapoints depict participant-specific random slopes for each association. A) Distance effects in the left hippocampus were strongest when participants produced relatively low transitive slopes (less indicative of encoding-based generalisation). B) Distance effects in the left superior MPFC were only significant in the recent condition and were strongest when participants did not achieve high levels of inference performance. C) In contrast to the left hippocampus, distance effects in the right superior MPFC were most evident when participants produced relatively large transitive slopes (most indicative of encoding-based generalisation), yet this association was limited to the remote condition. Individual datapoints indicate estimated distance effects per participant and shaded error-bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. | PMC9612823 | pcbi.1010566.g006.jpg |
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