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27321576_3_1 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. Predictions
The results of the 2005 election showed some of the highest changes of the share of the vote for particular parties occurring in Scottish seats, leading some commentators to speculate that either the notional results were in error and/or they were unable to take into account factors such as tactical voting and people voting differently between General and Local Elections. |
27321576_4_0 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. Results
Labour won 41 seats, the Liberal Democrats 11, the Scottish National Party six, and in Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale the Conservatives won their only Scottish seat. Compared to the actual results of 2001 this meant a loss of fourteen seats for Labour, a gain of one seat for the SNP and Liberal Democrats, and no change for the Conservatives. |
27321576_4_1 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. Results
Results in Scotland for Labour were also down, though less so than in England. Labour lost approximately 4% of the vote in East Scotland and approximately 6% of the vote in West Scotland. Labour's vote declined the most in the Edinburgh area and in the north of Scotland (where Labour lost all of its rural seats). |
27321576_4_2 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. Results
The Conservative vote declined marginally in both East and West Scotland, but the Conservatives nonetheless managed to win a seat in the South (Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale), so maintaining their one Scottish seat in the Westminster Parliament. Having once been the largest party in Scotland (most recently in 1959), the 2001 and 2005 General Elections have done very little to reverse the downward trend that culminated in the 1997 loss of all eleven Conservative seats. |
27321576_4_3 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. Results
The Liberal Democrats made gains against Labour in both regions of Scotland and picked up a modest number of seats. On average, their vote rose approximately 5% across Scotland, though again this translated into few gains as the Liberal Democrat vote was not particularly concentrated. |
27321576_4_4 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. Results
The Scottish National Party's vote declined slightly across Scotland, but they managed to win one rural and one urban seat from Labour. |
27321576_5_0 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. See also the list of parties standing in Scotland.
The Socialist Labour Party achieved its highest ever result in one constituency, gaining 14.5% of the votes cast in Glasgow North East |
27321576_5_1 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, the election was dominated in the unionist community by a battle between the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). In the nationalist community, the contest was largely between the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and Sinn Féin. |
27321576_5_2 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. See also the list of parties standing in Scotland.
The DUP and Sinn Féin emerged as the largest unionist and nationalist parties respectively, at the expense of the UUP and SDLP who both stood on a platform more favourable towards the Labour government's position on power sharing in Northern Ireland devolution. The UUP fared particularly badly, with leader David Trimble losing Upper Bann and resigning as party leader on 7 May, and the party's representation reduced to one seat, North Down, held by Sylvia Hermon continuing a trend of consolidation of the Unionist, especially UUP support to the DUP. Although the UUP won more MPs at the 2001 general election, the defection of Lagan Valley MP Jeffrey Donaldson to the DUP in January 2004 had already reversed the position. |
27321576_5_3 | 27321576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202005%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election | Results breakdown of the 2005 United Kingdom general election. See also the list of parties standing in Scotland.
In the nationalist community, elections since 1992 have shown a clear shift in support from the SDLP to Sinn Féin. Two of the three SDLP MPs elected in 2001 had retired, while all four of the Sinn Féin MPs stood again. Sinn Féin's victory over the SDLP in Newry and Armagh, giving it a fifth seat, reduced the number of Northern Ireland MPs at Westminster as Sinn Féin members do not take their Westminster seats. The largest surprise in Northern Ireland came in South Belfast where the SDLP won the traditionally unionist seat, aided by a split between the two main unionist parties. This, together with their retention of two other seats did much to boost the SDLP's fortunes and morale when many commentators had been predicting a disaster as great as that which met the UUP. |
27321580_0_0 | 27321580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjeta | Panjeta | Panjeta.
Panjeta is a village located in the Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. |
27321580_0_1 | 27321580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjeta | Panjeta | Panjeta. Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Panjeta had a population of 1761. Males and females constituted 52.13 per cent and 47.87 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy at that time was 73.94 per cent, which was lower than the state average of 76.75 per cent. People classified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 32.65 per cent of the population. |
27321600_0_0 | 27321600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazingports | Amazingports | Amazingports.
AmazingPorts is a Linux-based software product customized for use as a firewall, captive portal and billing system (Hotspots). The project started in 2001. |
27321600_0_1 | 27321600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazingports | Amazingports | Amazingports. Description
AmazingPorts is mainly deployed as an access control system in private and public networks. It can be deployed as a single hotspot controller in airports, hotels, private locations and hospitals. It was used in Internet cafes in Europe by 2002 together with Intel. It was used for a city-wide Wi-Fi project in 2004, and Internet roaming in 2002. |
27321600_0_2 | 27321600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazingports | Amazingports | Amazingports.
AmazingPorts was created in 2001 with an initial vision of building free networks. Later the company refocused and provided its technology to network builders. The company implemented service-oriented provisioning in 2002 and was the first to implement 802.11a public hotspots in Europe. During 2009 and 2010 the administrative system was updated. |
27321600_0_3 | 27321600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazingports | Amazingports | Amazingports. Features include:
Firewall
Service Oriented Provisioning
NAT
Distributed and/or centralised routing
Fully customisable and language sensitive captive portal or any third party web page
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
Integrated PayPal payments supporting many currencies
Automatic currency updates from the European Central Bank
Roles based Administration
Seamless Roaming
Compliance with the anti-terrorist Directive 2006/24/EC |
27321601_0_0 | 27321601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagen | Yagen | Yagen.
is a crushing tool used in phytotherapy in Japan. It uses a wheel which is rolled back and forth to crush ingredients. |
27321601_0_1 | 27321601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagen | Yagen | Yagen.
It differs from Mortar and pestle used in Japanese cuisine, which are called and . |
27321605_0_0 | 27321605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenis%20gwyni | Polygenis gwyni | Polygenis gwyni.
Polygenis gwyni is a flea that commonly infects the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) in the southern United States; it is also frequently found on other species ecologically associated with the cotton rat. Hosts recorded in South Carolina include the cotton rat as well as the Florida woodrat (Neotoma floridana), cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), and brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). |
27321610_0_0 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman.
Raymond "Sonny" Workman (May 24, 1909 – August 21, 1966) was an American National Champion and Hall of Fame jockey in Thoroughbred horse racing. During his fifteen years as a professional rider from 1926 through 1940, he won an exceptional twenty percent of his starts. |
27321610_0_1 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman.
Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, Raymond Workman's mother was a native of Washington, D.C. and after her husband's death she and the children returned to live there. Workman studied to be a member of the clergy before deciding to embark upon a career as a jockey. He began riding at age seventeen at racetracks in Ohio where he quickly demonstrated a natural riding ability combined with a strong desire to excel. Widely known by the nickname "Sonny," his competitiveness was such that the Chicago Tribune called him a "riding demon" and the New York Times called him a "bulldog in silks." His abilities quickly reached a level that in just his second year of racing he signed a contract to go to New York City to ride for one of the country's preeminent owners, Harry Payne Whitney. He was also the regular rider for Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney's stables and in 1932 and 1933 he and Whitney's handicap runner, Equipoise, were the idols of New York racing. |
27321610_0_2 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman.
In 1930, Sonny Workman was both the United States Champion Jockey by earnings and Champion by total wins while achieving it with a 27% rate of wins to mounts. In 1932 he was the earnings leader a second time. |
27321610_0_3 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman.
On January 21, 1930 he was married to Marion Elizabeth Burch of Washington, D.C. |
27321610_0_4 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman. Triple Crown races
During his career, Sonny Workman competed in four Kentucky Derbys with his best result two fourth-place finishes. He made eight starts in the Preakness Stakes, winning it in his first try in 1928 at age eighteen. From his other Preakness mounts, his best results were a second with Ladysman in 1933 and a third aboard Menow in 1938. He rode in the Belmont Stakes on eight occasions, finishing second five times. He was runner-up with Whichone in 1930, Osculator in 1932, Nimbus in 1933, Firethorn in 1935, and Belay in 1939. |
27321610_0_5 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman. 1928 Preakness Stakes
Not entered in that year's Kentucky Derby, Harry Whitney's colt, Victorian with Sonny Workman aboard, won the May 11, 1928 Preakness Stakes at Pimlico Race Course. Making his debut in the Belmont Stakes, Workman rode Victorian to a fifth-place finish. |
27321610_0_6 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman.
In 1937, Sonny Workman signed to ride for Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. However, for years he had battled weight gain and his exceptional riding skills were increasingly being hampered by the need for constant dieting. Those weight problems led to his early retirement in 1940, a year in which he became a founding vice-president of the Jockeys' Guild. In 1941 he returned to live in Washington, D. C. where he managed his real estate investments. |
27321610_0_7 | 27321610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Workman | Raymond Workman | Raymond Workman.
In 1956, Raymond Workman was inducted in the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. He died at Georgetown University Hospital in 1966 at age fifty-seven. His second wife and widow, Louise Bryant Workman, died on August 9, 1997. |
27321623_0_0 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
Purple Sunset () is a 2001 Chinese war drama film written and directed by Feng Xiaoning. Feng also acted as the film's cinematographer. |
27321623_0_1 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
Purple Sunset is an anti-war film set in August 1945, at the time when the Japanese were in the throes of defeat during World War II and losing control of mainland China. The film won Best Special Effects at the Huabiao Awards and Best Cinematography at the Golden Rooster Award. It was also voted Best Feature by the audience during the 2001 Hawaii International Film Festival. Feng considered it the last of his "War and Peace" (战争与和平) trilogy, preceded by Red River Valley (1997), and Lover's Grief over the Yellow River (1999). |
27321623_0_2 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset. Plot
The film begins with an interview of an elderly Chinese man Yang in 2000 and begins reminiscing about the Second Sino-Japanese War, prompted on by a journalist. He grasps an old okiagari-koboshi musical doll which brings his memories back to August 1945, near the end of the war. |
27321623_0_3 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
At Mt. Grand Xingan in 1945, Yang, a Hebei peasant in his 30s, was captured by Japanese imperial soldiers, and was brought to the Daxing'anling area near Manchuria (bordering the Soviet Union) after the Japanese slaughtered his aged mother. He was put in a firing squad to be executed. The firing killed everyone in line but Yang. As a Japanese soldier reloaded the machine gun, a Soviet T-34 tank knocked over the wall which the captives were lined. The tank crushes a Japanese soldier and saves Yang's life. Yang was the sole survivor and was put under the charge of Nadja, a young female Soviet lieutenant and her comrades. Nadja was tasked with escorting Yang to headquarters, but their truck driver Shakov took a wrong turn and strayed into a Japanese garrison. Most of Soviet soldiers on the truck were killed in the ensuing skirmish but Nadja, a Soviet tank soldier and Yang escaped into a forested area. |
27321623_0_4 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
As the three crossed a bridge, they came under a grenade attack from a teenage Japanese schoolgirl named Akiyoko and her older sister in a wooden shed. After being confronted by Shakov, Akiyoko's sister commits suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule. After Akiyoko attempts to commit suicide the same way but is stopped by Shakov. Fearing that releasing her will alert the Japanese troops, the three take Akiyoko captive and force her to lead them out of the vast forest as a guide. Akiyoko brought the three to a minefield where Shakov was blown up by a land mine. Realizing that Akiyoko had led them into a death trap, Nadja was infuriated by the death of her comrade, but decided not to kill her as she was their sole guide. Nadja carries very little food, both Yang and Akiyoko follow her for this reason: without Nadja they would not make it out of the forest alive. |
27321623_0_5 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
Feeling betrayed by Akiyoko's cunningness, Akiyoko is forcefully tied to a tree. Nadja hands Yang a dagger to kill Akiyoko, Yang falters at the last second and hesitates due to a flashback. Yang remembers the Japanese tying his elderly mother and himself to wooden posts when they invaded his village, and used bayonets to stab his mother to death in front of his very eyes. Faltering, Yang drops the blade and convulses into tears. Afterwards, Yang decides to continue the path with Nadja, leaving Akiyoko stranded in the forest and left to die. However, in a stroke of mercy, he returns and frees Akiyoko, taking her along with them. |
27321623_0_6 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
At many points both Yang and Nadja were tempted to kill Akiyoko, but eventually saved her life from drowning in a quagmire. That night, Yang encounters another flashback; being forced by the Japanese to dump the bodies of dead Chinese civilians into the river. One victim makes an effort to signal Yang that he is still alive, when Yang conveys this information to the Japanese captors, they forcefully place the victim into a sack and proceed to burn him alive. Delighted by this sadistic endeavour, they then tie a bundle of live grenades to the sack and dump him into the river. A traumatized Yang looks on with pain and anguish. |
27321623_0_7 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
By the third day, the three make it out of the forest alive. To the north lies flat, open grassland that stretches on forever. When crossing the plains, they witness a dogfight occur between a Japanese Mitsubishi Zero and another plane. The Japanese fighter starts emitting a trail of black smoke and crashes into the field behind them. Akiyoko is reminded of her childhood sweetheart Onishi, who was conscripted as a fighter pilot by the Japanese air force, and in a sudden urge of desperation, runs towards the downed plane. Worried, Yang follows her. The wreckage soon is engulfed in flames, and the fire catches on to the surrounding grass. The fire starts spreading and rages towards them. Knowing that they are unable to outrun the spread of the flames, Akiyoko saves the lives of Yang and Nadja by telling them to stay low to the ground on a burnt patch of grass. |
27321623_0_8 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
After the fire is over, Yang realizes that Akiyoko is capable of speaking Chinese. He frees her by cutting the rope binding her hands. Yang and Nadja later learn about Akiyoko's background: she moved to China when she was four years old, and grew up in Mt. Grand Xingan. Her father was the owner of a lumber farm. When the Japanese conscripted her father to the front line, he instructed her to flee with her sister to the seaside where they would cross the sea to the Japanese mainland. However, having been dispersed among the refugees, they became lost and ended up in the hideout where they encountered Shakov. |
27321623_0_9 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
Although Nadja wanted to move north to meet up with the Soviet troops, Akiyoko convinced Yang moving south was the only way out of the forest. Conflicting feelings of mistrust and friendship dogged all three as they rely on one another to survive. At one point, a sudden rainstorm caused Nadja to stray from her two partners whilst searching for food. Yang and Akiyoko waited for two days for Nadja's return, but Nadja was able to find her way back after hearing Yang firing her accidentally PPSh-41 submachine gun at an attacking tiger. Akiyoko discovers that despite Yang not knowing how to fire a gun, he refused to let her touch it. From that day on, Yang develops a curiosity towards Nadja's gun, and teaches himself how to use it. |
27321623_0_10 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
The three eventually found their way to the same location where they confronted the Japanese troops, and Yang and Nadja realized they have been tricked by Akiyoko by circling around the forest. A tearful Akiyoko explained she was trying to get them to surrender to the Japanese troops so that they could get food and lodging at the camp. The three ended up back at the Soviet truck which they had earlier left during the skirmish with the Japanese troops, where the radio began to announce Emperor Hirohito's unconditional surrender to the Allied troops. Akiyoko, shocked and humiliated by Japan's loss, grabbed Nadja's PPSh-41 and took aim at Yang and Nadja. Yang advanced on Akiyoko, placing the muzzle of the gun against his chest. Akiyoko was unable to fire the gun, and convulsed into sobs. Nadja then discovered that Yang had removed the cartridges from the gun before Akiyoko picked it up. |
27321623_0_11 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
The war having now ended, Yang urged Akiyoko to go back to Japan and live a good life. Akiyoko tells Yang that she wishes to return to Japan in search of Onishi. Unfortunately, Onishi was part of the final fleet of Kamikaze fighter pilots sent to their deaths on August 16, 1945, one day after the Japanese surrender. The scene then transitions to Onishi being instructed to crash his fighter plane into American battleships. While in flight, Onishi attempts to escape from the cockpit, only to find it locked. Resigned to his doomed fate, Onishi crashes his plane into the sea, which subsequently explodes. |
27321623_0_12 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
Having heard a series of loud explosions, the three then witness a group of Japanese soldiers and civilians committing mass suicide as they could not accept the fact their country had surrendered. Akiyoko mistakenly thought they were not informed of the surrender and ran to stop their foolish acts, but was shot in the head by a Japanese captain. Akiyoko's okiagari-koboshi doll rolled out of her grasp and she died. |
27321623_0_13 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset.
Consumed by fury and vengeance, Yang and Nadja drove the truck and attacked the remaining Japanese soldiers, who were charging at them. After all of Japanese soldiers were killed, Yang picked up Akiyoko's okiagari-koboshi doll. The film then fast-forwards to present day where an elderly, wheelchair-bound Nadja places flowers on Poklonnaya Gora war memorial with the large numerals "1945" to commemorate Akiyoko's death. The film then flashes back to 1945, where a voice from the truck's radio read out a declaration of peace and harmony, as the remaining Japanese troops toss their weapons aside as they make their way towards the sunset. Nadja points out to Yang that the sunset is purple, a sight that Akiyoko cherished. A statistic of World War II casualties rolls up at the credit. |
27321623_0_14 | 27321623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple%20Sunset | Purple Sunset | Purple Sunset. Cast
Fu Dalong as Yang, a peasant farmer who was initially to be executed by the Japanese firing squad. In a stroke of luck, he was saved by the Soviets liberating his village the moment he was about to be executed. After being found by the Soviets, he's handed over to Nadja.
Chie Maeda as Akiyoko, a young schoolgirl who Yang and Nadja encounter when they cross a bridge into Japanese territory.
Anna Dzenilalova as Nadja, a Soviet lieutenant who is ordered to take care of Yang when he is found alive. |
27321635_0_0 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority.
Botswana Telecommunications Authority (BTA) is a dissolved independent commission that was responsible for regulating all matters related to telecommunications (wire, cellular, satellite and cable), postal services of Botswana and has been succeeded by Botswana Communications Regulatory Authority. The Minister appoints all five board members, who serve on a part-time basis. The BTA is mandated to promote the development and provision of efficient telecommunications and broadcasting services in Botswana, under the terms of the Telecommunications Act 15 of 1996. There have been legal disputes between the BTA and licensed operators, springing from issues related to interconnection and pricing. |
27321635_0_1 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. History
Botswana Telecommunications Corporation (BTC) was established in 1980 to provide, develop, operate and manage Botswana's national and international telecommunications services. The Botswana government holds 100 percent equity in the BTC.
Botswana's history of sector reform dates to 1980, when the BTC was created through the Botswana Telecommunications Act. The act established the BTC as a monopoly of telecommunications services and separated it from Posts (which continued to operate as a government department). |
27321635_0_2 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority.
Following public concerns regarding unsatisfactory telecommunications services during the 1990s (including lack of competition in providing services, limited private-sector participation, lack of transparency in decision-making and lack of a platform for consumer complaints), the government began public consultations to liberalise the telecommunications market.
In 1992 the Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications was tasked with policy transformation.
The consultations culminated in the approval of the 1995 Telecommunications Policy for Botswana: the blueprint for restructuring the telecommunications sector, which embodied principles which guided the form of the government monopoly.
The transformation process led to the formation of the BTA under the Telecommunications Act 1996, as passed in the National Assembly on 1 August 1996. |
27321635_0_3 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Structure and functions
The board, as established by section four of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, is responsible for the overall strategic direction of the BTA and not involved in itsdaily management. It oversees the functions and approves policy and regulations. The board also approves the annual budget and additional expenditures not included in the annual budget. |
27321635_0_4 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Mandate and purpose
The following legislation prescribes the powers and functions of the BTA:
The Botswana Constitution of commencing (L.N. 83 of 1966); L.N. 83, 1966; Act 30, 1969; Act 43, 1969; Act 25, 1970; Act 28, 1972; Act 24, 1973; Act 28, 1978; S.I. 25, 1980; Act 32, 1982; Act 1, 1983; Act 22, 1987; S.I. 37, 1991; Act 27, 1992; S.I. 51, 1993; S.I. 119, 1993; Act 16, 1997; Act 18, 1997; Act 1, 1999; Act 2, 2002; Act 12, 2002; Act 9, 2005; S.I. 91, 2006.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (No.15 of 1996)
The Broadcasting Act of 1999 (No.6 of 1996)
Telecommunications Regulations of 1997 (Chapter 72:03)
Telecommunication Act Amendment Act 2004 (No.15 of 2004) |
27321635_0_5 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Powers and functions
The aforementioned acts prescribe the powers and functions of BTA as follows: |
27321635_0_6 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Botswana Constitution
Section 12 protects freedom of expression. It also provides for an exemption, in that it states in subsection 12(2) that nothing contained in (or done under) the Telecommunications Act of 1996 or any law shall be held to be inconsistent with (or in contravention of) this section, to the extent that the law in question makes provision regulating the technical administration or the technical operation of telephony, telegraphy, posts, wireless, broadcasting or television. |
27321635_0_7 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Telecommunications Act of 1996
In terms of section 17, BTA's functions and powers are:
The supervision and promotion of efficient telecommunications services in Botswana
Promoting the interest of the consumers, purchasers and users in respect of prices, quality, variety of such services and equipment or terminal equipment
Promoting and maintaining competition
Setting the principles with regards to tariffs in terms of section 18
Settlement of disputes in terms section 19
Issue licences for telecommunications services in terms of sections 28 and 29
Radio licences in terms of section 42
Radio frequency management, in terms of section 43 |
27321635_0_8 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Telecommunications Regulations
In terms of the regulations:
The BTA sets the numbering system in terms of Regulation Four.
The BTA allocates numbering and address capacity in terms of Regulation Five
The BTA issues type approval of equipment in terms of Regulation 24 |
27321635_0_9 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Broadcasting Act of 1999
In terms of section nine, the BTA serves as the secretariat of the Botswana National Broadcasting Board (NBB). In terms of this role, the BTA:
Shall discharge such functions of the NBB as may be delegated to it
Shall designate to the NBB such officers of the BTA as may be necessary for the performance of the functions of the NBB and the administration of the Act
Shall advise the NBB on technical matters in relation to its functions
Regulations of the NBB may provide for the payment of any expenses or costs incurred by it in the performance of its functions under the act. |
27321635_0_10 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority.
In terms of section 12(2), BTA applications for broadcasting or re-broadcasting licences shall be made to the BTA as the secretariat; in terms of section 13, the NBB issues the licences. |
27321635_0_11 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority.
In terms of section 15, any notices of changes to the particulars of a licence (especially with regard to proprietorship) or the acquisition of any interest shall be made to the BTA but approved by the NBB. |
27321635_0_12 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Telecommunication Amendment Act of 2004
The object of the Act is to amend the Telecommunications Act of 1996 as follows:
In section two, by separating the position of Chief Executive Officer of the BTA from that of the Chairperson of the Board
In section three, by providing for the submission, by the BTA, of five-year strategic plans and annual plans to the Minister
In section four, by giving the Minister the power to determine the use of surplus funds and properties that accrue to the BTA
In section five, by giving the Minister the power to make regulations, on the recommendation of the Board
In section six, by giving the Minister the power to set licensing fees, which are currently prescribed by the BTA
In section seven, by providing for all decisions on the licensing of fixed line and cellular telephone services to be approved by the Minister |
27321635_1_0 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Setting industry standards
Setting tariffs and appropriate guidelines
Acting as responsible, accountable referee in industry to facilitate
Investment and universal service
Facilitating and promoting an environment that ensures protection of end-users
To ensure compliance with the communication service regulatory framework through the management and monitoring of broadcast content and terms and licence conditions
To research communications regulation, best practice communications services and industry performance so as to advise government on policy formulation
Establish communications regulatory policies
Inform industry and consumers
To promote and encourage efficient communication services so as to attract investment
To promote capacity building within communications industry
To represent Botswana's interests in the international communications arena |
27321635_2_0 | 27321635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%20Telecommunications%20Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority | Botswana Telecommunications Authority. Legal disputes
The BTA was involved in the following cases:
1999: The BTA resolved its first interconnection dispute between the Botswana Telecommunications Corporation (BTC) and the two major cellular operators in Botswana, Mascom Wireless and Vista Cellular in BTA Ruling No. 1 of 1999. The directive was the agreement of interconnect rates between the providers; the no-charge directive for emergency services, and the agreement of wholesale charges for leased lines.
2000: In December 2000, the BTA ordered the BTC to make leased lines available equally to private ISPs and Botsnet. In March, after the BTA threatened a lawsuit, the BTC agreed to provide the leased lines. A similar dispute involving USKO and the BTC was also resolved in 2000.
2003: Following a deadlock, Mascom Wireless and Botswana Telecommunications Corporation (BTC) jointly signed a declaration of interconnection dispute dated 5 July 2002. The dispute was submitted to the Botswana Telecommunications Authority (BTA) for determination. The legal principle for determining interconnection charges is the "fair and reasonable" test. Interconnection charges may be deemed to be fair and reasonable if they approximate costs, or if they are based on efficiency criteria.
2007: Court ruling in dispute between Botswana Telecommunication Authority and Orange. The High Court of Appeal of Botswana has ruled that the Botswana Telecommunications Authority (BTA) should no longer receive tax revenues from mobile phone operators from the sale of scratch cards and free airtime offered by the mobile operators to their customers. |
27321651_0_0 | 27321651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC%20Cuijk | JVC Cuijk | JVC Cuijk.
JVC Cuijk is a Dutch association football club from Cuijk, Netherlands. The club was founded in 1931 and plays in Derde Divisie, the fourth tier of Dutch football, in the Sunday league. |
27321651_0_1 | 27321651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC%20Cuijk | JVC Cuijk | JVC Cuijk.
The team plays home games at Sportpark De Groenendijkse, which seats 3,000 spectators. |
27321651_1_0 | 27321651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC%20Cuijk | JVC Cuijk | JVC Cuijk. Hoofdklasse Zondag: 2 (2001, 2007)
KNVB District Cup: 2 (2011, 2014). |
27321651_2_0 | 27321651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC%20Cuijk | JVC Cuijk | JVC Cuijk. Football clubs in the Netherlands
Association football clubs established in 1931
1931 establishments in the Netherlands
Football clubs in North Brabant
Sport in Cuijk |
27321653_0_0 | 27321653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Ozodinobi | Victor Ozodinobi | Victor Ozodinobi.
Colonel Victor Afamefula Ozodinobi was appointed military governor of Borno State in August 1996 during the military regime of General Sani Abacha.
He stopped the practice of using troops to perform farm work, prevalent before his regime.
He was reportedly sacked from his position as governor and retired from the army because he insisted that scholarships should be reserved for the poor citizens of the state.
Another reason given is that during a fuel shortage he personally escorted some tanker loads of petrol to prevent them going astray. |
27321656_0_0 | 27321656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz | Lake Köyceğiz | Lake Köyceğiz.
Lake Köyceğiz is an alluvial set lake in the Muğla Province of Turkey. Having an area of 5200 hectares, it is one of the vastest coastal lakes in the country. It bears the name of the town of Köyceğiz, situated on its north bank. It is connected to the Mediterranean through a narrow and reedy channel called "Dalyan" which flows by a township of the same name (Dalyan) and the ancient city of Kaunos. Dalyan channel joins the sea at İztuzu Beach.
The surroundings of the lake as a whole and particularly the banks of its Dalyan sea connection are important nature reserves and popular tourist attractions.
They are part of the Köyceğiz-Dalyan Special Environmental Protection Area |
27321656_0_1 | 27321656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz | Lake Köyceğiz | Lake Köyceğiz. Characterization
The lake is fed by the Namnam and Yuvarlakçay rivers and a number of mountain brooks. The water of brooks, melting water and fresh water wells, mixes with warm sulfurous water that is released from a fault and mildly brackish, oxygenated water that flows upriver with the rising tide. The depth of the lake varies from 20 to 60 metres. The lake is abundant with fish. |
27321656_0_2 | 27321656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz | Lake Köyceğiz | Lake Köyceğiz.
At the northeast and southeast of Köyceğiz Lake there are plains, whereas other parts are surrounded by hills. The highest of these are Ölemez Mountain (937 meter) in the southwest, and Bozburun Tepesi (556 meter) in the south. In the lake there are five uninhabited islands, one of them known as Hapishane Adası, Prison Island. Initially the island was used for military purposes, then turned into a prison island. It is no longer in use as such and deserted. |
27321656_0_3 | 27321656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz | Lake Köyceğiz | Lake Köyceğiz. Geology
The lake was formed about 7500 years ago, when the entire eastern part of the Mediterranean was afflicted by earthquakes. At the south side of Köyceğiz Lake, there is a NW - SE fault line, bordered by several sulfurous hot springs, amongst others Sultaniye Spa. |
27321656_0_4 | 27321656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz | Lake Köyceğiz | Lake Köyceğiz. Special Protection Area
The lake has evolved into an ecologically important area. Together with its banks and the Dalyan basin it comprises the Köyceğiz-Dalyan Special Environmental Protection Area.
On the banks north of Sultaniye, northwest of Hamitköy, at Köyceğiz, at Kavakarası and at Tepearası, there are still vast marshy forests with the endemic Oriental Gumtree. The species primarily occurs in the province of Muğla, near Marmaris and in the Köyceğiz-Dalyan SEPA. The small wetlands around the lake are interesting because of their birdlife. The area attracts many birdwatchers. The area is also rich with reptiles (tortoises, turtles, terrapins, snakes) and insects (dragonflies, damselflies). Among the fish species in the lake are two endemic dwarf gobies, Knipowitschia byblisia and K. caunosi, which were only described to science in 2011. |
27321656_1_0 | 27321656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz | Lake Köyceğiz | Lake Köyceğiz. External links and other sources
Köyceğiz-Dalyan Special Environmental Protection Area; Environmental Protection Agency for Special Areas
History surfaces from Köyceğiz Lake, Land of Lights, October 28th, 2010
Dynamics of Lake Köyceğiz, SW Turkey: An environmental isotopic and hydrochemical study, C.S. BAYARI, T. KURTTAS, L. TEZCAN
Dalyan 2005 Gezi Kitabı, Fatih Akaslan,
Köyceğiz-Dalyan (A journey through the history within the labyrinth of nature, Altan Türe, Faya Kültür Yayınları-1, 2011,
Cornucopia magazine, 20th edition, 2000: Reflections on Water; The Lake: part 1; author: Lady Patricia Daunt |
27321656_1_1 | 27321656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz | Lake Köyceğiz | Lake Köyceğiz. Koycegiz
Landforms of Muğla Province
Nature reserves in Turkey
Tourist attractions in Muğla Province
Important Bird Areas of Turkey |
27321681_0_0 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor.
In anomaly detection, the local outlier factor (LOF) is an algorithm proposed by Markus M. Breunig, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Raymond T. Ng and Jörg Sander in 2000 for finding anomalous data points by measuring the local deviation of a given data point with respect to its neighbours. |
27321681_0_1 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor.
LOF shares some concepts with DBSCAN and OPTICS such as the concepts of "core distance" and "reachability distance", which are used for local density estimation. |
27321681_1_0 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Basic idea
The local outlier factor is based on a concept of a local density, where locality is given by k nearest neighbors, whose distance is used to estimate the density. By comparing the local density of an object to the local densities of its neighbors, one can identify regions of similar density, and points that have a substantially lower density than their neighbors. These are considered to be outliers. |
27321681_1_1 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Basic idea
The local density is estimated by the typical distance at which a point can be "reached" from its neighbors. The definition of "reachability distance" used in LOF is an additional measure to produce more stable results within clusters. The "reachability distance" used by LOF has some subtle details that are often found incorrect in secondary sources, e.g., in the textbook of Ethem Alpaydin. |
27321681_2_0 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Formal
Let be the distance of the object A to the k-th nearest neighbor. Note that the set of the k nearest neighbors includes all objects at this distance, which can in the case of a "tie" be more than k objects. We denote the set of k nearest neighbors as . |
27321681_2_1 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Formal
This distance is used to define what is called reachability distance: |
27321681_2_2 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Formal
In words, the reachability distance of an object A from B is the true distance of the two objects, but at least the of B. Objects that belong to the k nearest neighbors of B (the "core" of B, see DBSCAN cluster analysis) are considered to be equally distant. The reason for this distance is to get . Note that this is not a distance in the mathematical definition, since it is not symmetric. (While it is a common mistake to always use the , this yields a slightly different method, referred to as Simplified-LOF) |
27321681_3_0 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. The local reachability density of an object A is defined by
which is the inverse of the average reachability distance of the object A from its neighbors. Note that it is not the average reachability of the neighbors from A (which by definition would be the ), but the distance at which A can be "reached" from its neighbors. With duplicate points, this value can become infinite. |
27321681_3_1 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. The local reachability density of an object A is defined by
The local reachability densities are then compared with those of the neighbors using |
27321681_3_2 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. The local reachability density of an object A is defined by
which is the average local reachability density of the neighbors divided by the object's own local reachability density. A value of approximately indicates that the object is comparable to its neighbors (and thus not an outlier). A value below indicates a denser region (which would be an inlier), while values significantly larger than indicate outliers. |
27321681_3_4 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. The local reachability density of an object A is defined by
means Higher density than neighbors (Inlier), |
27321681_3_5 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. The local reachability density of an object A is defined by
means Lower density than neighbors (Outlier) |
27321681_4_0 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Advantages
Due to the local approach, LOF is able to identify outliers in a data set that would not be outliers in another area of the data set. For example, a point at a "small" distance to a very dense cluster is an outlier, while a point within a sparse cluster might exhibit similar distances to its neighbors. |
27321681_4_1 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Advantages
While the geometric intuition of LOF is only applicable to low-dimensional vector spaces, the algorithm can be applied in any context a dissimilarity function can be defined. It has experimentally been shown to work very well in numerous setups, often outperforming the competitors, for example in network intrusion detection and on processed classification benchmark data. |
27321681_4_2 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Advantages
The LOF family of methods can be easily generalized and then applied to various other problems, such as detecting outliers in geographic data, video streams or authorship networks. |
27321681_5_0 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Disadvantages and Extensions
The resulting values are quotient-values and hard to interpret. A value of 1 or even less indicates a clear inlier, but there is no clear rule for when a point is an outlier. In one data set, a value of 1.1 may already be an outlier, in another dataset and parameterization (with strong local fluctuations) a value of 2 could still be an inlier. These differences can also occur within a dataset due to the locality of the method. There exist extensions of LOF that try to improve over LOF in these aspects: |
27321681_5_1 | 27321681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20outlier%20factor | Local outlier factor | Local outlier factor. Disadvantages and Extensions
Feature Bagging for Outlier Detection runs LOF on multiple projections and combines the results for improved detection qualities in high dimensions. This is the first ensemble learning approach to outlier detection, for other variants see ref.
Local Outlier Probability (LoOP) is a method derived from LOF but using inexpensive local statistics to become less sensitive to the choice of the parameter k. In addition, the resulting values are scaled to a value range of .
Interpreting and Unifying Outlier Scores proposes a normalization of the LOF outlier scores to the interval using statistical scaling to increase usability and can be seen an improved version of the LoOP ideas.
On Evaluation of Outlier Rankings and Outlier Scores proposes methods for measuring similarity and diversity of methods for building advanced outlier detection ensembles using LOF variants and other algorithms and improving on the Feature Bagging approach discussed above.
Local outlier detection reconsidered: a generalized view on locality with applications to spatial, video, and network outlier detection discusses the general pattern in various local outlier detection methods (including, e.g., LOF, a simplified version of LOF and LoOP) and abstracts from this into a general framework. This framework is then applied, e.g., to detecting outliers in geographic data, video streams and authorship networks. |
27321694_0_0 | 27321694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Koch | Herbert Koch | Herbert Koch.
Herbert Koch (born 14 September 1962) is a German mathematician active in the field of partial differential equations. He occupies the position of a professor at the University of Bonn. |
27321694_0_1 | 27321694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Koch | Herbert Koch | Herbert Koch.
Together with Daniel Tataru, he is known for his work on the well-posedness of the Navier–Stokes equations, one of their results being known as Koch–Tataru solution. |
27321694_0_2 | 27321694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Koch | Herbert Koch | Herbert Koch.
He is co-editor of Mathematische Annalen and Analysis & PDE. |
27321694_1_0 | 27321694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Koch | Herbert Koch | Herbert Koch. Living people
20th-century German mathematicians
University of Bonn faculty
1962 births
21st-century German mathematicians |
27321695_0_0 | 27321695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20Dreams | Butterfly Dreams | Butterfly Dreams.
Butterfly Dreams is the second studio album by Brazilian jazz singer Flora Purim. It was released in 1973 via Milestone Records. Recording sessions took place at Fantasy Studios in Berkeley, California in December 1973. |
27321695_1_0 | 27321695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20Dreams | Butterfly Dreams | Butterfly Dreams. Personnel
Flora Purim – vocals, arrangement (track 3)
George Duke – electric piano (tracks: 1-3, 5-8), ARP synthesizer (tracks: 1, 4, 6, 8), clavinet (tracks: 1, 7), piano (track 4), arrangement (track 5)
David Amaro – electric guitar (tracks: 1, 3, 7, 8), acoustic guitar (tracks: 4-6)
Stanley Clarke – Fender electric bass (tracks: 1, 3, 7), acoustic bass (tracks: 2, 4-6, 8), arrangement (tracks: 1, 2, 4, 6-8)
Ernie Hood – zither (tracks: 4, 6-8)
Joe Henderson – flute (tracks: 1, 8), tenor saxophone (tracks: 2, 4, 5, 8)
Airto Moreira – drums, percussion
Technical
Orrin Keepnews – producer
Jim Stern – engineering
Eddie Bill Harris – engineering
David Turner – mastering
Anthony Samuel Lane – art direction, design, photography |
27321709_0_0 | 27321709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus%20Tech | Aarhus Tech | Aarhus Tech.
AARHUS TECH (until 2011 Aarhus Technical School) is a technical school in Aarhus, which provides secondary education and vocational education. |
27321709_0_1 | 27321709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus%20Tech | Aarhus Tech | Aarhus Tech.
The college was founded as "Prinds Frederik Ferdinands Tegne- og Søndagsskole" in 1828. Since then, the school has grown to become one of the largest technical colleges in Denmark, with 3800 students. In 2002, the college merged with AMU Østjylland. |
27321709_0_2 | 27321709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus%20Tech | Aarhus Tech | Aarhus Tech.
Aarhus Tech offers degrees in 34 disciplines in vocational studies, from masonry and welding to clothing design and cooking. The annual budget is DKK 410 mio. and the school employs 650 people. It is managed as a private institution. The school comprises buildings on three separate sites in Aarhus, but the main campus is located on Christiansbjerg in Business Park Skejby, Aarhus N. |
27321709_1_0 | 27321709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus%20Tech | Aarhus Tech | Aarhus Tech. External links
Aarhus Tech
Educational institutions established in 1828
Secondary schools in Aarhus |
27321738_0_0 | 27321738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadvydas%20v.%20Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis.
Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The court ruled that the plenary power doctrine does not authorize the indefinite detention of immigrants under order of deportation whom no other country will accept. To justify detention of immigrants for a period longer than six months, the government was required to show removal in the foreseeable future or special circumstances. |
27321738_1_0 | 27321738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadvydas%20v.%20Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis. Fifth Circuit case
Kestutis Zadvydas was a resident alien in the United States who was ordered deported in 1994 based on his criminal record. Zadvydas was born of Lithuanian parents while in Germany, but was not a citizen of either country, and neither would accept him. Under federal law, once a person has been ordered to be deported, the U.S. Attorney General is required to detain them and complete the deportation within 90 days. However, the Attorney General claimed that if the 90-day period passed by without completing the desired deportation, the detention period could be continued indefinitely until the person could be deported. |
27321738_1_1 | 27321738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadvydas%20v.%20Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis. Background
In September 1995 after Lithuania and Germany had refused to accept Zadvydas, he filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in U.S. District Court. In 1996 the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) unsuccessfully requested that the Dominican Republic accept Zadvydas based on his wife's Dominican citizenship. In October 1997 the District Court granted the writ and ordered him released under supervision. The government appealed and the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the district court. |
27321738_1_2 | 27321738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zadvydas%20v.%20Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis | Zadvydas v. Davis. Ninth Circuit case
Kim Ho Ma was a Cambodian, also a resident alien in the United States. At age 17, Kim was convicted of manslaughter and was ordered deported. Cambodia did not have a treaty with the United States and would not accept Kim. In 1999, Kim filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in U.S. District Court. A five-judge panel of that court considered Kim's case in connection with about 100 other cases and ordered him released. The government appealed and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the district court. |