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27327238_2_3 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Philip Hudson
1934: Doctors quarters, Austin Hospital.
South wing to Geelong College.
House in Moorakyne Avenue, Malvern. |
27327238_2_4 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Philip Hudson
1936: Melbourne University Union Building.
Electrolux factory, Alexandra Avenue, South Yarra [demolished] |
27327238_2_5 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Philip Hudson
1937: Boarding house at Geelong College.
1938: Conversion of warehouse on corner of Degraves street & Flinders Lane.
1939: Commercial Union building 411-3 Collins Street.
Mackie House, Geelong College |
27327238_2_6 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. James Wardrop
1924: Shrine of Remembrance, Melbourne. in association with Philip Hudson
Own two-storey house in 24 Alston Grove, East St. Kilda. A very similar design was also at Number 39 Balaclava Road, East St Kilda. |
27327238_2_7 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Philip Hudson
1934: Flats in Broadway ('Belmac' in Elwood)
1937: Alkira House, Queen Street, City.
1938: Trumold Tyre Workshop (Now 'Mossquito' Restaurant), Queens Parade, Clifton Hill.
United Kingdom Hotel (now McDonald's), Queens Parade, Clifton hill. |
27327238_2_8 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Philip Hudson
1939: Flats 'Shirley Court' 135 Mooltan Street Travancore, Flemington.
2-storey house, Broadford. |
27327238_2_9 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Awards and achievements
In 1907 Hudson won a RIVA Silver Medal for an Art Gallery competition, and in 1915 went on to win first prize in the competition to design the Geelong Grammar School’s chapel in association with Gerard Wight. He received a second RIVA silver medal in 1920 and was nominated as the president of RIVA from 1924 to 1926. In 1924 he won the most notable prize for the international competition for National War memorial - Shrine of Remembrance, Melbourne in association with James Wardrop. |
27327238_2_10 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Philip Hudson
In 1911 Wardrop won the RIVA silver medal for his design for the branch bank & Bronze for measured drawings. Two years later he was an elected associate of RIVA. |
27327238_3_0 | 27327238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%20and%20Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop | Hudson and Wardrop. Architecture firms of Australia
Architecture firms based in Victoria (Australia) |
27327272_0_0 | 27327272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layforce%20II | Layforce II | Layforce II.
Layforce II was the name given to an ad hoc formation of British Commandos during the Second World War. The force was under command of Major Peter Laycock the second in commando of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando. Layforce II included the French Troop from No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando and three Troops from No. 4 Commando. The force carried out deception raids against the coastline of German-occupied Europe. The raids, codenamed Operation Menacle and Hardtack, were finally abandoned because they encouraged the Germans to reinforce their positions, which, in the longer term, could be disadvantageous to the Allies. |
27327272_1_0 | 27327272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layforce%20II | Layforce II | Layforce II. World War II British Commando raids
Commandos (United Kingdom)
British Army in World War II |
27327293_0_0 | 27327293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona%20Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg.
Leona Rostenberg (December 28, 1908 – March 17, 2005) was an independent scholar and rare books dealer born in New York, New York. |
27327293_0_1 | 27327293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona%20Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg. Biography
Rostenberg was born in the Bronx on December 28, 1908. Her father Adolf was a dermatologist. |
27327293_0_2 | 27327293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona%20Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg.
Rostenberg and her decades-long friend and business partner Madeleine B. Stern became widely-known in the late 1990s while in their late eighties when their memoir on the rare book trade, Old Books, Rare Friends became a best seller. |
27327293_0_3 | 27327293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona%20Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg.
In addition to many books on book history and book collecting, Rostenberg wrote numerous articles over the years for many publications including Journal of Modern History, American Historical Review, and Library Quarterly. |
27327293_0_4 | 27327293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona%20Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg.
Rostenberg died on March 17, 2005 after suffering from heart problems for two years. |
27327293_0_5 | 27327293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona%20Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg. Books
English Publishers in the Graphic Arts, 1599–1700: A Study of the Print-Sellers and Publishers of Engravings, Art and Architectural Manuals, Maps, and Copy-Books, 1963.
Literary, Political, Scientific, Religious, and Legal Publishing, Printing, and Bookselling in England, 1551–1700: Twelve Studies (two volume set), 1965.
The Minority Press and the English Crown: A Study in Repression, 1558–1625, 1971.
An Antiquarian's Credo, 1976.
Bibliately, 1978.
The Library of Robert Hooke: The Scientific Book Trade of Restoration England, 1989. |
27327293_0_6 | 27327293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona%20Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg | Leona Rostenberg. Co-authored with Madeleine B. Stern
Old and Rare: Thirty Years in the Book Business, 1974.
Between Boards: New Thoughts on Old Books, 1978.
Bookman's Quintet: Five Catalogues about Books: Bibliography, Printing History, Booksellers, Libraries, Presses, Collectors, 1979.
Quest Book—Guest Book: A Biblio-Folly, 1993.
Connections: Ourselves—Our Books, 1994.
Old Books in the Old World: Reminiscences of Book-buying Abroad, 1996.
Old Books, Rare Friends: Two Literary Sleuths and Their Shared Passion, 1997.
New Worlds in Old Books, 1999.
Books Have Their Fates, 2001.
Bookends: Two Women, One Enduring Friendship, 2001.
From Revolution to Revolution: Perspectives on Publishing and Bookselling 1501-2001, 2002. |
27327298_0_0 | 27327298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiki%20Memorial%20Museum | Shiki Memorial Museum | Shiki Memorial Museum.
The Matsuyama City is a museum devoted mainly to the life and work of Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki, who was born and raised in Matsuyama.
Shiki is widely considered to be the most important figure in the modernization of both haiku and tanka poetry. The museum also includes exhibits about the early history of Matsuyama. |
27327323_0_0 | 27327323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran%20City%20Pop%3A%20The%20Remixes | Gran City Pop: The Remixes | Gran City Pop: The Remixes.
Gran City Pop: The Remixes is a remix album by Mexican pop singer Paulina Rubio. It was released by Universal Music on April 27, 2010. It includes all the official remixes of Causa y Efecto, Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes and Algo De Ti, the three singles from the original album, Gran City Pop. It was released only on a digital format. |
27327323_1_0 | 27327323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran%20City%20Pop%3A%20The%20Remixes | Gran City Pop: The Remixes | Gran City Pop: The Remixes. Causa y Efecto (Urban Remix)
Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes (Mr. 305 Remix)
Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes (Juan Magán Remix)
Algo De Ti (Junior Caldera Remix Edit)
Algo De Ti (Junior Caldera Remix Club)
Algo De Ti (Juan Magán Remix Urban)
Algo De Ti (Juan Magan Remix Dance) |
27327327_0_0 | 27327327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKOT | WKOT | WKOT. WKOT may refer to:
WKOT-LP, a low-power radio station (102.1 FM) licensed to serve Wimauma, Florida, United States
WLWF, a radio station (96.5 FM) licensed to Marseilles, Illinois, United States, which held the call sign WKOT from 1990 to 2010
WOKT, a radio station (1080 AM) licensed to Cannonsburg, Kentucky, United States, which held the call sign WKOT from 1985 to 1986 |
27327336_0_0 | 27327336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Service%20Brigade | Special Service Brigade | Special Service Brigade.
The Special Service Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the Second World War.
It was formed in 1940, after the call for volunteers for Special Service who eventually became the British Commandos. |
27327336_0_1 | 27327336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Service%20Brigade | Special Service Brigade | Special Service Brigade. Background
In 1940, volunteers were called for from serving British Army soldiers within certain formations still in Britain and men of the disbanding Divisional Independent Companies originally raised from Territorial Army (TA) divisions and who had seen service in the Norwegian Campaign. In November 1940 these army units were organised into a Special Service Brigade under Brigadier J. C. Haydon with five Special Service battalions. By the autumn of 1940 more than 2,000 men had volunteered for commando training, and the Special Service Brigade now consisted of 12 units which were now called commandos. Each commando would number around 450 men, commanded by a lieutenant-colonel. They were divided into troops of 75 men and further divided into 15-man sections. The Commandos were all volunteers, seconded from other British Army regiments, but they retained their own regimental cap badges and remained on their regimental roll for pay. |
27327336_1_0 | 27327336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Service%20Brigade | Special Service Brigade | Special Service Brigade. Formation
The Special Service Brigade consisted of five Special Service battalions, numbered one to five. These Special Service battalions were eventually re-named commandos. The No. 1 Special Service Battalion became No. 1 and No. 2 Commandos. The No. 2 Special Service Battalion became No. 9 Commando. The No. 3 Special Service Battalion became No. 4 Commando. The No. 4 Special Service Battalion became No. 3 Commando. The No. 5 Special Service Battalion became No. 5 and No. 6 Commandos. |
27327336_1_1 | 27327336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Service%20Brigade | Special Service Brigade | Special Service Brigade. Commando brigades
In 1943 the commandos started to move away from smaller raiding operations. They had been formed into brigades of assault infantry to spearhead future Allied landing operations. Of the remaining 20 Commandos, 17 were used in the formation of the four Special Service brigades. The three remaining units No. 12, No. 14 (Arctic) and No. 62 Commandos were left to carry out smaller-scale raids. But by the end of the year these three commandos had all been disbanded, to supply replacements for the other commando units. |
27327336_1_2 | 27327336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Service%20Brigade | Special Service Brigade | Special Service Brigade. The formation of the brigades was:
1st Special Service Brigade with No. 3, No. 4, No. 6 and No.45 (RM) Commandos.
2nd Special Service Brigade with No. 2, No. 9, No. 40 (RM) and No. 43 (RM) Commandos.
3rd Special Service Brigade with No. 1, No. 5, No. 42 (RM) and No. 44 (RM) Commandos.
4th Special Service Brigade with No. 10 (Inter-Allied), No. 41 (RM), No. 46 (RM), No. 47 (RM) and No. 48 (RM) Commandos. |
27327336_1_3 | 27327336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Service%20Brigade | Special Service Brigade | Special Service Brigade. Formation
The previous Special Service Brigade Headquarters was replaced by Headquarters Special Services Group under Major-General Robert Sturges. The four brigades were to destined to serve in different theatres of war. The 1st and 4th brigades were based in the United Kingdom and destined for service in North-western Europe. The 2nd Brigade was based in the Mediterranean for service in Italy and the Balkans. The 3rd Brigade was based in India for service in Burma and the Pacific. |
27327356_0_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season.
The 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season was the 41st season in the modern Canucks history. The Vancouver Canucks won their fifth Northwest division title, third conference championship and first Presidents' Trophy. They also reached the Stanley Cup Finals for the third time in franchise history, losing to the Boston Bruins in seven games. This marked the last time a Canadian team contended in the Stanley Cup Finals until the Montreal Canadiens did so in 2021, ten years later. |
27327356_1_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Entry draft
The 2010 NHL Entry Draft was held June 25–26, 2010, at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. The Canucks had the 25th overall draft choice in the first round as a result of being defeated by the Chicago Blackhawks in the Western Conference semi-final, but that draft choice was traded to the Florida Panthers. The Canucks also did not have a second- or third-round draft pick. Their second-round pick was traded to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Steve Bernier. Their third-round pick was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes at the NHL trade deadline in exchange for Andrew Alberts. The Canucks acquired an additional sixth-round draft choice from the Phoenix Coyotes as a result of a trade that sent Mathieu Schneider to Phoenix. Vancouver had the 115th, 145th, 172nd, 175th and 205th overall draft choices. |
27327356_1_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Trades
On June 25, 2010, the Canucks acquired Keith Ballard and Victor Oreskovich from the Florida Panthers in exchange for Steve Bernier, Michael Grabner and the 25th overall pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. |
27327356_1_2 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
Mike Gillis traded Shane O'Brien and Dan Gendur to the Nashville Predators in exchange for Ryan Parent and Jonas Andersson on October 5, 2010. Parent was immediately waived after being acquired while Andersson was assigned to the Manitoba Moose (now St. John's Ice Caps) of the American Hockey League. On October 6, Darcy Hordichuk was traded to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Andrew Peters. Peters would play for the Manitoba Moose. |
27327356_1_3 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On October 7, Mike Gillis made another trade with the Florida Panthers, this time acquiring Nathan Paetsch for Sean Zimmerman. |
27327356_1_4 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Player signings
On April 6, 2010, the Canucks signed Swedish goaltender Eddie Läck to a two-year entry level contract. Lack spent the 2009–10 season as a member of the Brynäs IF, posting a 2.67 goals against average (GAA) and a .911 save percentage. He was expected to start the year with the Manitoba Moose. |
27327356_1_5 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On May 31, 2010, the Canucks announced that they signed three defencemen, including prospect Yann Sauvé. Sauvé was drafted 41st overall by the Canucks in the 2008 draft. In addition, they signed free agent Lee Sweatt and Christopher Tanev. Sweatt split time in the Finnish SM-liiga and Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for the 2009–10 season. He registered nine goals and seven assists in 21 games for TPS in Finland. Sweatt added two goals and five assists in 37 games in the KHL with Dinamo Riga. Christopher Tanev signed as a free agent after playing in the NCAA, where he scored 10 goals and 18 assists in 41 games for the RIT Tigers. |
27327356_1_6 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On June 1, 2010, Vancouver signed Anton Rödin to a three-year, entry-level contract. Rödin was drafted 53rd overall by the Canucks in the 2009 Draft. He spent the 2009–10 season in the Swedish Elite League with Brynäs IF. He also played at the 2010 World Junior Championships, where he won a bronze medal with Sweden. He finished the tournament tied for second in scoring for Sweden with three goals and ten points, good enough for ninth in the tournament. |
27327356_1_7 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On June 2, 2010, Mike Gillis signed Cory Schneider to a contract extension with the team. He was drafted in the first round, 26th overall, of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the Canucks. He spent the last two seasons playing with the Manitoba Moose of the AHL, where he was named the League's Goaltender of the Year in 2008–09 while leading the Moose to the Calder Cup Final. The Canucks also announced that they signed Peter Andersson to an entry-level contract. Andersson was drafted 143rd overall by the Canucks in 2009. |
27327356_1_8 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On June 16, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks re-signed pending unrestricted free agent Aaron Rome to a two-year contract. The deal is worth $1.5 million and will have a salary cap hit of $750,000 per season. On July 2, 2010, Alexandre Bolduc signed a one-year, two-way contract worth $500,000. Shane O'Brien re-signed with the Canucks on July 6, 2010, when he accepted his qualifying offer. The new contract will pay O'Brien $1.6 million for one year. Tanner Glass also signed a one-year contract worth $625,000. |
27327356_1_9 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On July 22, Jannik Hansen was awarded a one-year contract worth $825,000 by an arbitrator. |
27327356_1_10 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On July 26, the Canucks re-signed Mason Raymond to a new two-year contract worth a total of $5.1 million. |
27327356_1_11 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Free agency
On July 1, the Vancouver Canucks signed Dan Hamhuis to a six-year contract worth $27 million, Jeff Tambellini to a 1-year contract worth $500,000, Manny Malhotra to a three-year contract worth $7.5 million and Joel Perrault to a one-year contract worth $510,000. The Canucks signed Tyler Weiman on July 12 to a one-year contract worth $500,000. |
27327356_1_12 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On August 19, Vancouver signed unrestricted free agent Bill Sweatt, the younger brother of Lee Sweatt, to a three-year, entry-level contract worth $2.7 million. The contract also includes an additional $300,000 per season in potential performance bonuses. Bill Sweatt was drafted 38th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in 2007, but decided not to sign a contract until completing four years of college. He was subsequently traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs along with Kris Versteeg, but maintained his desire to test free agency. He eventually decided to re-unite with his brother in Vancouver. |
27327356_1_13 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
The Canucks signed unrestricted free agent Raffi Torres to a one-year contract worth $1 million on August 25. |
27327356_1_14 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Off-season
On October 7, the Canucks signed Peter Schaefer to a one-year, two-way contract worth $600,000. Schaefer played for the Canucks between 1998 and 2000 before being traded to the Ottawa Senators for Sami Salo. |
27327356_2_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Training camp
The Canucks held their training camp in Penticton, British Columbia, at the South Okanagan Events Centre. In addition to training camp, the Canucks hosted a Young Stars prospect tournament prior to the start of training camp from September 12 to 16. The event featured prospects from five teams in an eight-game round robin format. The tournament included the Anaheim Ducks, Calgary Flames, Edmonton Oilers and San Jose Sharks. The Canucks finished the tournament with a record of 2–2. |
27327356_2_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Pre-season
Shortly before the start of training camp, Roberto Luongo announced that he would be relinquishing his captaincy. Luongo served as the team captain for two seasons. Forward Henrik Sedin, was named team captain. |
27327356_2_2 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Schedule
The Canucks' pre-season schedule began on September 21 against the Calgary Flames. It will be a split series where each franchise will split into two squads to play two simultaneous games, one at the Saddledome in Calgary and one at Rogers Arena in Vancouver. In addition, the Canucks will play each of the Edmonton Oilers, Anaheim Ducks and San Jose Sharks twice, once at home and once on the road. The Canucks finished the preseason with a record of 3–5. |
27327356_3_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Schedule
The Canucks officially kicked off their 2010–11 campaign on October 9 at Rogers Arena against the Los Angeles Kings. With the Canucks celebrating their 40th anniversary, the NHL scheduled this game to honour the Canucks' first-ever NHL game against the Los Angeles Kings on October 9, 1970. The Canucks lost the game in a shootout by a score of 2–1. They began the season slowly, going 2–3–1 in their first six games before going on a six-game winning streak. The loss to break the streak came as part of a five-game road trip where they recorded a 2–2–1 record before returning home for their most lopsided loss of the year, a 7–1 defeat at the hands of the Chicago Blackhawks. Following the loss the Canucks went 18–4–3, which included an eight-game winning streak, and two four-game winning streaks, before losing three consecutive games in extra time. They proceeded to win the next six games, but ended February alternating wins and losses. Vancouver's win against the Minnesota Wild on March 14, 2011, put the team at 101 points in the standings. It was the fastest the Canucks reached the 100-point mark in franchise history. Next, the team recorded its 50th victory of the season for the first time in franchise history on March 27. They would get top seed in the Western Conference on 2 days later. And it would get its first Presidents' Trophy two days later.
The season finale took place on April 9, 2011, against the Calgary Flames, which saw the Canucks win 3–2 in overtime. Daniel Sedin registered two assists in order to clinch the Art Ross Trophy, a year after his brother did it. |
27327356_3_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Regular season
Excluding four shootout-winning goals, the Canucks scored 258 goals, the most in the League. Furthermore, excluding their five shootout goals allowed, the Canucks gave up only 180 goals in their 82 games, the fewest in the League. They also scored the most power-play goals, with 72, and had the best power-play percentage, at 24.32% (72 for 296). |
27327356_3_2 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Regular season
The Canucks were also the first team since the champion Montreal Canadiens to finish the league with the most goals scored and fewest goals against. They also finished the regular season with the top ranked power play and third ranked penalty kill. They almost finished the same identical record as the 1988–89 Flames (except they had two fewer losses). |
27327356_4_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Special events
The Canucks kicked off their season with a pre-game ceremony on October 9, 2010, to commemorate their 40th Anniversary. They also announced Henrik Sedin as the 13th captain of the team. |
27327356_4_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Special events
Prior to their game on December 11, 2010, against the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Canucks honoured Markus Näslund by retiring his number 19 jersey. Näslund was the third player in franchise history to receive the honour following Stan Smyl and Trevor Linden. Näslund spent 12 seasons with the Canucks, nine as captain. He also holds the franchise lead in points scored with 756. The retirement ceremony coincided with Mattias Öhlund's return to Vancouver for the first time since signing with the Lightning in 2009. |
27327356_4_2 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Special events
The Canucks also announced that they will be introducing a "Ring of Honour" to commemorate past players. Four players will have their names added to the ring this season. The first player to get the honour will be Orland Kurtenbach who was the first ever captain of the Vancouver Canucks. Kurtenbach's ceremony took place on October 26. Kirk McLean was added to the ring of honour on November 24. McLean helped lead the Canucks to game seven of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals. The third player to be inducted into the Ring of Honour will be Thomas Gradin on January 24. Gradin was part of the 1982 Canucks team that made it to the Stanley Cup Final. He now works as a European scout for organization and is heavily praised at having convinced then-general manager Dave Nonis to draft Alexander Edler. |
27327356_4_3 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Special events
The final ceremony took place on March 14 when Harold Snepsts was inducted into the Ring of Honour. |
27327356_5_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Playoffs
The Vancouver Canucks were the first team in the NHL to clinch a berth in the playoffs. Two weeks later, they clinched their division on March 16.
The win earned them their fourth Northwest Division title in five years, thus guaranteeing them home ice advantage in the first round of the Stanley Cup playoffs. This was the fastest the team had clinched a playoff spot in franchise history. The team earned the top seed in the Western Conference on March 29 and the Presidents' Trophy two days later, guaranteeing home ice advantage throughout the playoffs. |
27327356_5_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Playoffs
The Canucks opened their post-season schedule with a series against the defending Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks. This was the third time the two teams played in the playoffs in consecutive years with the Blackhawks winning the first two, both in six games. Vancouver won the opening three games of the series before Chicago responded to force a game seven. Alexandre Burrows scored the winning goal in overtime to clinch the series victory. |
27327356_5_2 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Playoffs
Vancouver moved on to play the Nashville Predators in the second round of the playoffs. It is the first time the two teams have met in the playoffs. Vancouver won the first game before Nashville evened up the series at one. Vancouver won both games in Nashville, Game 3 3–2 in overtime on a Ryan Kesler deflection goal, and 4–2 in Game 4. The series returned to Vancouver for Game 5, where the Predators staved off elimination, beating the Canucks 4–3. Forward Joel Ward scored two goals, including the game winner. The Canucks won the series 4–2 after a 2–1 victory in Game 6. |
27327356_5_3 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Playoffs
The Canucks played the San Jose Sharks for the first time ever in the Western Conference Final after San Jose eliminated the Detroit Red Wings in Game 7. Vancouver prevailed in five games with a double overtime goal scored by Kevin Bieksa to send the Canucks to the Stanley Cup Finals for the third time in franchise history and the first time since 1994.
They would face the Boston Bruins after Boston defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in seven games. The series began on June 1 with a 1–0 victory. Roberto Luongo picked up his third shutout of the playoffs while Raffi Torres scored the dramatic lone goal with 18.5 seconds remaining in the third period. However, after Game 1, the series became heated and physical, after Alexandre Burrows apparently bit Patrice Bergeron during game one (after the incident was reviewed by the league Burrows was not suspended) and in Game 3, a hit by Aaron Rome left Bruins winger Nathan Horton concussed and unable to play for the rest of the series. Despite playing without Horton – one of the Bruins best goal scorers – for the final four games of the series, Boston was able to pick up their play and comeback to win the series despite staking Vancouver leads of 2–0 and 3–2. It was Boston's first Stanley Cup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . |
27327356_6_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Television
On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers Sportsnet One, a new national sports channel with regional broadcast capabilities. The new partnership included 13 additional games, on top of the 45 on Rogers Sportsnet Pacific, to be shown thus eliminating Canucks TV Pay-Per-View. In addition, CBC Hockey Night in Canada announced that it would once again be showing 14 games nationally while TSN would show 10 games. |
27327356_6_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Radio
Also on July 28, 2010, Tom Larscheid announced that he would be retiring at the start of the season. His final radio call was during the Vancouver Canucks season opener against the Los Angeles Kings on October 9. He spent 33 years as the colour commentator for the Vancouver Canucks and was replaced by Dave Tomlinson. |
27327356_7_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Playoffs
The Vancouver Canucks clinched their first Presidents' Trophy in franchise history, thus guaranteeing themselves home ice advantage for the duration of the playoffs. |
27327356_8_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Skaters
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/− = Plus/Minus; PIM = Penalty Minutes |
27327356_8_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Goaltenders
Note: GP = Games Played; TOI = Time On Ice (minutes); W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime Losses; GA = Goals Against; GAA= Goals Against Average; SA= Shots Against; Sv% = Save Percentage; SO= Shutouts |
27327356_8_2 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Skaters
†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Canucks. Stats reflect time with Canucks only.
‡Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Canucks only. |
27327356_9_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Draft picks
Vancouver's picks at the 2010 NHL Entry Draft in Los Angeles. |
27327356_9_1 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Awards
This draft pick originally belonged to the Phoenix Coyotes. It was acquired from Phoenix in exchange for Mathieu Schneider. |
27327356_10_0 | 27327356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Vancouver%20Canucks%20season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season | 2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season. Farm teams
The Manitoba Moose will remain the Canucks' American Hockey League affiliate for the 2010–11 season.
The Victoria Salmon Kings will remain the Canucks' ECHL affiliate for the 2010–11 season. |
27327361_0_0 | 27327361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20B.%20Stern | Madeleine B. Stern | Madeleine B. Stern.
Madeleine Bettina Stern (July 1, 1912 – August 18, 2007), born in New York, New York, was an independent scholar and rare book dealer. She graduated from Barnard College in 1932 with a B.A. in English literature. She received her M.A. in English literature from Columbia University in 1934. Stern was particularly known for her work on the writer Louisa May Alcott. She received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1943 to write a biography of Alcott, which was eventually published in 1950. In 1945, she and her friend Leona Rostenberg opened Rostenberg & Stern Books. Rostenberg and Stern were active members of the Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America, at a time when few women were members. The pair lived and worked in Rostenberg's house in the Bronx. They were known for creating unique rare book catalogs. In 1960, Stern helped found the New York Antiquarian Book Fair. |
27327361_0_1 | 27327361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20B.%20Stern | Madeleine B. Stern | Madeleine B. Stern.
Stern and Leona Rostenberg became widely known in the late 1990s while in their late eighties when their memoir on the rare book trade, Old Books, Rare Friends became a best seller. |
27327361_0_2 | 27327361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20B.%20Stern | Madeleine B. Stern | Madeleine B. Stern. Books by Madeleine B. Stern
The Life of Margaret Fuller, 1942.
Louisa May Alcott, 1950 (revised editions published in 1971 and 1996).
Purple Passage: The Life of Mrs. Frank Leslie, 1955 (revised edition, 1970).
Imprints on History: Book Publishers and American Frontiers, 1956.
We the Women: Career Firsts of Nineteenth-Century America, 1963.
So Much in a Lifetime: The Story of Dr. Isabel Barrows, 1964.
Queen of Publishers' Row: Mrs. Frank Leslie, 1965.
The Pantarch: A Biography of Stephen Pearl Andrews, 1968.
Heads and Headlines: The Phrenological Fowlers, 1971.
Books and Book People in Nineteenth-Century America, 1978.
Sherlock Holmes: Rare-Book Collector, 1981.
A Phrenological Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Americans, 1982.
The Game's a Head: A Phrenological Case-Study of Sherlock Holmes and Arthur Conan Doyle, 1983.
How the Mobius Strip Dominated Middle European Cheese Production, 1984.
Antiquarian Bookselling in the United States: A History from the Origins to the 1940s, 1985.
Nicholas Gouin Dufief of Philadelphia, Franco-American Bookseller, 1776–1834, The Philobiblon Club, 1988, .
Studies in the Franco-American Booktrade during the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries, 1994.
The Feminist Alcott: Stories of a Woman's Power, 1996.
Louisa May Alcott: From Blood & Thunder to Hearth and Home, 1998. |
27327361_0_3 | 27327361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20B.%20Stern | Madeleine B. Stern | Madeleine B. Stern.
Books co-authored by Leona Rostenberg and Madeleine B. Stern
Old and Rare: Thirty Years in the Book Business, 1974.
Between Boards: New Thoughts on Old Books, 1978.
Bookman's Quintet: Five Catalogues about Books: Bibliography, Printing History, Booksellers, Libraries, Presses, Collectors, 1979.
Quest Book—Guest Book: A Biblio-Folly, 1993.
Connections: Ourselves—Our Books, 1994.
Old Books in the Old World: Reminiscences of Book-buying Abroad, 1996.
Old Books, Rare Friends: Two Literary Sleuths and Their Shared Passion, 1997.
New Worlds in Old Books, 1999.
Books Have Their Fates, 2001.
Bookends: Two Women, One Enduring Friendship, 2001.
From Revolution to Revolution: Perspectives on Publishing and Bookselling 1501-2001, 2002. |
27327361_0_4 | 27327361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20B.%20Stern | Madeleine B. Stern | Madeleine B. Stern. Books edited by Madeleine B. Stern
Behind a Mask: The Unknown Thrillers of Louisa May Alcott, 1975.
Plots and Counterplots: More Unknown Thrillers of Louisa May Alcott, 1976 (in paperback, A Marble Woman, 1976).
Louisa's Wonder Book-An Unknown Alcott Juvenile; With an Introduction and Bibliography, 1975.
A Double Life: Newly Discovered Thrillers of Louisa May Alcott, 1988.
and others. |
27327361_0_5 | 27327361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20B.%20Stern | Madeleine B. Stern | Madeleine B. Stern. See also
Antiquarian book trade in the United States
Books in the United States |
27327383_0_0 | 27327383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka%20no%20Ue%20no%20Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo.
, or "Clouds Above the Hill" is a Japanese historical novel by Shiba Ryōtarō originally published serially from 1968 to 1972 in eight volumes. A three-year NHK television special drama series based on the novel and also entitled Saka no Ue no Kumo was shown in thirteen episodes from 2009 to 2011. |
27327383_0_1 | 27327383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka%20no%20Ue%20no%20Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo.
The novel is set in the Meiji period and focuses on three characters from the city of Matsuyama: Akiyama Yoshifuru, his brother Akiyama Saneyuki, and their friend, Masaoka Tsunenori, better known as Masaoka Shiki. The novel follows their lives from childhood through the First Sino-Japanese War, culminating in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. |
27327383_0_2 | 27327383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka%20no%20Ue%20no%20Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo.
The city of Matsuyama has a Saka no Ue no Kumo Museum dedicated to the novel and associated TV series. |
27327383_0_3 | 27327383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka%20no%20Ue%20no%20Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo | Saka no Ue no Kumo. English translation
An English translation of Saka no Ue no kumo was published in stages by Routledge as Clouds Above the Hill in four volumes. Vol. 1 describes the growth of Japan’s fledgling Meiji state and introduces the main protagonists. Vol. 2 () describes the early stages of the Russo-Japanese war up to the battle of Liaoyang, where Japan seals a victory which shocks the world. The first halves of both volumes were translated by Paul McCarthy and the latter halves by Juliet Winters Carpenter. Vol. 3 () contains the middle stages of the war and was translated by Carpenter. Vol. 4 () contains the battle at Mukden and the naval showdown in the Tsushima strait, resulting in the destruction of the Russia’s Baltic Fleet and the triumphant return to Yokohama of the Japanese fleet. Vol. 4 was translated by Andrew Cobbing.
A set containing all four volumes () was released in 2014. |
27327412_0_0 | 27327412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio%20Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli.
Vittorio Ghirelli (born 9 May 1994 in Fasano) is an Italian racing driver that currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series for PK Carsport in the Elite 2 division and the smart EQ fortwo e-cup, where he is currently the series' defending champion. Ghirelli won the Auto GP championship in 2013 for Super Nova International. He also previously competed in series such as Italian Formula Three, GP3 Series, and Indy Lights. |
27327412_1_0 | 27327412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio%20Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli. Complete GP3 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) |
27327412_1_1 | 27327412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio%20Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli. Racing record
Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) |
27327412_1_2 | 27327412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio%20Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli. Complete Auto GP results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) |
27327412_1_3 | 27327412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio%20Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli. Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) |
27327412_2_0 | 27327412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio%20Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli | Vittorio Ghirelli. Whelen Euro Series – EuroNASCAR PRO
(key) (Bold – Pole position. Italics – Fastest lap. * – Most laps led. ^ – Most positions gained) |
27327422_0_0 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg.
eMudhra SecMsg is mobile application designed to secure the SMS channel. It allows users to send SMS's that are encrypted and signed using PKI technology and ensures that it is decrypted only by the intended user. |
27327422_0_1 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg.
The algorithms used for crypto processes like Signing, Encryption, Decryption are RSA/ECC, AES and SHA. |
27327422_1_0 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Key pair generation
The RSA or ECC key pair is generated in the application and stored in the mobile. These keys will be used for all the crypto process like signing, encryption and decryption. The key pair generation is a onetime process and is completely user driven. The user can also use X.509 digital certificates from any certification authority (CA) for the crypto processes mentioned above. |
27327422_2_0 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Built-in-security
The user is required to provide the application PIN whenever he wants to gain access to it. The key pair is protected with the key PIN which controls signing, encryption/decryption processes. |
27327422_3_0 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Secure communication
SecMsg can be used to send and receive confidential messages. Secure communication with peers can be established by exchanging the public key with friends/spouse/colleagues. The public key received from peers will be stored in the application. |
27327422_3_1 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Usage areas
The messages composed by the user will be encrypted with recipient's public key and will land up in the inbox of SecMsg. This message can be decrypted with the intended recipient's private key only.[see Fig.1] |
27327422_3_2 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Secure Safe
'My Vault' is an organizer that gives additional security to store personal information that is protected with PIN. All the information stored will be encrypted with the RSA private key. |
27327422_4_0 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Two-factor authentication
Any online transaction (Fund transfer, Add payee, Online broking, End of day confirmation) can be acknowledged by digitally signing the transaction details. This ensures confidentiality, integrity and more importantly non repudiation. Acknowledgment of the transaction thus made cannot be repudiated later. |
27327422_4_1 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Password/ATM PIN retrieval
Users can use the application for resetting/receiving passwords. Banks can send the ATM PIN/Internet banking passwords as an encrypted text message for which a digitally signed acknowledgment can be received in no time. |
27327422_4_2 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. Features
This application supports multiple X.509 certificates from any certification authority (CA). These digital signatures can also be used for digital signing and encryption/decryption.
Logging the history of transactions and messages, access to which requires PIN.
Remote data wiping for clearing the contents of the application if the mobile is lost.
Uses simplest and ubiquitous communication mode-SMS channel.
Low operating cost.
Extensive device support. |
27327422_4_3 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. SecMsg on the News
Article about SecMsg in Network computing
SecMsg coverage in Economic Times
SecMsg coverage in Dataquest |
27327422_4_4 | 27327422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecMsg | SecMsg | SecMsg. See also
Mobile Signature
Digital signature
Public-key cryptography |
27327454_0_0 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace.
The capitalist peace, or capitalist peace theory, or commercial peace, posits that market openness contributes to more peaceful behavior among states, and that developed market-oriented economies are less likely to engage in conflict with one another. Along with the democratic peace theory and institutionalist arguments for peace, the commercial peace forms part of the Kantian tripod for peace. Prominent mechanisms for the commercial peace revolve around how capitalism, trade interdependence, and capital interdependence raise the costs of warfare, incentivize groups to lobby against war, make it harder for leaders to go to war, and reduce the economic benefits of conquest. |
27327454_0_1 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace.
Scholars have debated the empirical and theoretical validity of the commercial peace thesis, as well as the mechanisms behind the theory. According to Erik Gartzke and Jiakun Jack Zhang, the evidence on the relationship between economic interdependence and conflict is inconclusive. |
27327454_0_2 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. History
The philosophical roots of the commercial peace, closely related to the concept of doux commerce, can be traced back to Montesquieu, David Hume, Richard Cobden, Immanuel Kant, Joseph Schumpeter, Norman Angell, and classical economic theory. In his 1795 essay Perpetual Peace, Immanuel Kant argued, among other things, that "the spirit of commerce . . . sooner or later takes hold of every nation, and is incompatible with war." In the early twentieth century Norman Angell reasoned that trade interdependence in modern economies makes war unprofitable. Later, Joseph Schumpeter offered the observation that with the advancement of capitalism people form "an unwarlike disposition." Karl Polanyi argues in The Great Transformation that the emergence of international finance was the main contributor to peace in Europe between the end of the Napoleonic Wars and World War I. |
27327454_1_0 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Trade interdependence
The interdependent trade theory for the capitalist peace is built on the foundations of classical economic theory. This idea, which can be traced back to Kant, became the original theoretical explanation for the capitalist peace. In 1996, Erich Weede tied trade and free markets to development and peace, proposing that trade interdependence caused peace between nations. Weede followed this up with what he called the "capitalist peace". However, the empirical findings of the link between trade and development have been drawn into question, as one study found that the proportion of GDP to foreign trade is only 0.08, measured by logged GDP per capita. Stephen Gent and Mark Crescenzi have argued that economic interdependence has reduced interstate conflict over market power. |
27327454_1_1 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
Katherine Barbieri has pushed back on the commercial peace thesis, finding only limited empirical support for the thesis. A 2021 study in International Security by Mariya Grinberg found that states frequently engage in trade even while they are conducting war against each other, which raises questions about the preventive power of trade interdependence. Some scholars argue that asymmetric dependence and relative gains may spur conflict. Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman argue that interdependence may spur conflict by provoking competition for important nodes in global economic networks. |
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