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27327454_1_2 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
According to Dale Copeland, trade can have a pacifying effects on interstate relations, but only if states believe that they will reap the rewards of trade into the future. Barry Buzan has argued, "Liberal and mercantilist structures each have both positive and negative impacts on the use of force, but these impacts become important only when they are complemented by noneconomic factors governing the use of force." |
27327454_1_3 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
The outbreak of World War I during a period of unprecedented globalization and economic interdependence has often been cited as an example of how economic interdependence fails to prevent war or even contributes to it. Other scholars dispute that World War I was a failure for liberal theory. Eric Gartzke and Yonatan Lupu argue that there was a lack of trade interdependence between the states that ignited WWI. Patrick McDonald and Kevin McSweeney argue that globalization in the period prior to WWI revolved around reductions in transportation costs, not due to trade liberalization, which means that the pre-WWI period is not a great case for testing the capitalist peace thesis. |
27327454_1_4 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
A 2021 PNAS study found that trade openness considerably reduces the risks of conflict over strategic locations close to maritime choke points. |
27327454_1_5 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Economic norms theory
Michael Mousseau has advocated for what he calls "economic norms theory", which entails that leaders of states with advanced market-oriented economies have a strong interest in guarding the principle of self-determination for all states in order to safeguard a robust global marketplace. Leaders of states with weak internal markets have little regard for protecting the global marketplace. |
27327454_1_6 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
Economic norms theory links the economic conditions of clientelism, which prevail in many lower income societies, and a contract-intensive economy, which prevails in many higher income societies, with divergent political interests and habits. |
27327454_1_7 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
Economic norms theory arose as an alternative explanation to the democratic peace, because it identified the causal relationship between democracy and peace as spurious. Michael Mousseau identified contract-intensive economies as a possible cause of both democracy and peace. He defines contract-intensive economies as those that have high life insurance contracting rates and net immigration rates. The explanation is based on two aspects widely accepted in social science: (1) bounded rationality; and (2) divergent hierarchies between clientelism and contract-intensive economies. In contract-intensive societies, individuals have a loyalty towards the state that enforces the contracts between strangers. As a consequence, individuals in these societies expect that their states enforce contracts reliably and impartially, protect individual rights, and make efforts to enhance the general welfare. Moreover, with the assumption of bounded rationality, individuals routinely dependent on trusting strangers in contracts will develop the habits of trusting strangers and preferring universal rights, impartial law, and liberal democratic government. In contrast, individuals in contract-poor societies will develop the habits of abiding by the commands of group leaders, and distrusting those from out-groups. |
27327454_1_8 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
According to economic norms theory, the people in contract-rich nations enjoy a permanent and positive peace. As long as their states accede to popular demands and remain reliably impartial, individuals in nations with contract intensive economies have an interest in everyone's rights and material welfare, within and outside the nation. Consequently, contract-intensive nations not only avoid war with each other but engage in intense levels of mutual cooperation specifically aimed at promoting each other's material welfare. Leaders of nations with contract-poor economies, in contrast, pursue the interests of their dominant groups and have no interest in the security or welfare of members of out-groups, whether they are internal or external to the nation. In a 2019 analysis, Mosseau argued that voting patterns at the United Nations General Assembly support economic norms theory. |
27327454_1_9 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Theory
One concern with Mousseau's theoretical explanation is that he suggests that contracting in life insurance "indicates a highly institutionalized norm of contracting in a society because… to contract in life insurance requires a great deal of trust…"; "In contract-intensive societies ... making contracts with strangers promotes loyalty ... to a state that enforces these contracts with... equal application of the rule of law,"; And "What distinguishes marketplace societies from others is that property confiscations are carried out with impartiality and in accordance with the rule of law." However, the source that Mousseau references for the life insurance data (Beck and Webb) report that "... the rule of law or corruption cannot explain variation of Life Insurance Density across countries." In contrast, they report that "income per capita, inflation, and banking sector development are the most robust predictors of life insurance consumption across countries and over time." Thus, it is questionable as to whether life insurance truly "indicates a highly institutionalized norm of contracting in a society..." |
27327454_1_10 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Costly signaling
Some scholars argue that nations that have greater trade flows and capital flows are less likely to end up in conflict because they are able to engage in costly signaling. When those countries issue explicit threats, their threats are taken seriously because the issuing of the threat leads investors and traders to pull investments and trade from the country. This reduces the likelihood that crises inadvertently escalate into war. |
27327454_1_11 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Capital and finance
Stephen G. Brooks has argued in a number of studies that the globalization of finance and the rise of multinational companies have contributed to a more peaceful international system. In a 2005 study, he argues that conquest for economic purposes is pointless and counterproductive in an international system with extensive mobility of capital and elaborate global supply chains. In a 2013 study, he argued, "there are no longer any economic actors who will be favorable toward war and who will lobby the government with this preference... the current structure of the global economy now makes it feasible for foreign direct investment to serve as an effective substitute for conquest in a way that was not possible in previous eras." |
27327454_1_12 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Size of government
Patrick J. McDonald has argued that smaller governments are more dependent than larger or socialist governments on raising taxes for fighting wars. This makes the commitments of nations with smaller governments more credible than those with larger ones, allowing for nations with smaller governments, and thus "capitalist" economies, to be better positioned for avoiding conflicts. |
27327454_1_13 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Ruling others by force
This theory, adduces that if men want to oppose war, it is statism that they must oppose. So long as they hold the tribal notion that the individual is sacrificial fodder for the collective, that some men have the right to rule others by force, and that some (any) alleged "good" can justify it—there can be no peace within a nation and no peace among nations. |
27327454_1_14 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Lower economic benefits from conquest
According to Richard Rosecrance, states can accumulate power and enhance their security through trade and foreign direct investment in an economically open international system, whereas in previous era, states accumulated power through conquest of land. Peter Lieberman has rebutted Rosecrance, arguing that states have reaped benefits from conquest in the 20th century. |
27327454_2_0 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Henry Ford
Peace promotion was a major activity of American automaker and philanthropist Henry Ford (1863-1947). He set up a $1 million fund to promote peace, and published numerous antiwar articles and ads in hundreds of newspapers. Ford denounced war as a terrible waste, claiming that capitalism would bring peace and prosperity. |
27327454_2_1 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Henry Ford
According to biographer Steven Watts, Ford's status as a leading industrialist gave him a worldview that warfare was wasteful folly that retarded long-term economic growth. The losing side in the war typically suffered heavy damage. Small business were especially hurt, for it takes years to recuperate. He argued in many newspaper articles that business efficiency would discourage warfare because, “If every man who manufactures an article would make the very best he can in the very best way at the very lowest possible price the world would be kept out of war, for commercialists would not have to search for outside markets which the other fellow covets.” Ford admitted that munitions makers enjoyed wars, but he argued most businesses wanted to avoid wars and instead work to manufacture and sell useful goods, hire workers, and generate steady long-term profits. |
27327454_2_2 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Henry Ford
In late 1915, Ford sponsored and funded a Peace Ship to Europe, to help end the raging World War. He brought 170 peace activists; Jane Addams was a key supporter who became too ill to travel. Ford talked to President Wilson Wilson about the mission but had no government support. His group talked to fellow peace activists in neutral Sweden and the Netherlands. Media coverage mixed some support with a great deal of ridicule. In 1915, Ford blamed "German-Jewish bankers" for instigating the war. |
27327454_3_0 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Golden arches theory
In Thomas L. Friedman's 1999 book The Lexus and the Olive Tree, the following statement was presented: "No two countries that both had McDonald's had fought a war against each other since each got its McDonald's". He supported his belief, as a theory, by stating that when a country has reached an economic development where it has a middle class strong enough to support a McDonald's network, it would become a "McDonald's country", and will not be interested in fighting wars anymore. |
27327454_3_1 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Golden arches theory
Shortly after the book was published, NATO bombed Yugoslavia. On the first day of the bombing, McDonald's restaurants in Belgrade were demolished by angry protesters and were rebuilt only after the bombing ended. In the 2000 edition of the book, Friedman argued that this exception proved the rule: the war ended quickly, he argued, partly because the Serbian population did not want to lose their place in a global system "symbolised by McDonald's" (Friedman 2000: 252–253). |
27327454_3_2 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Golden arches theory
In 2005, Friedman said that he framed this theory in terms of McDonald's Golden Arches "with tongue slightly in cheek". In his 2005 book, The World is Flat, he offered an updated theory he called the Dell theory. |
27327454_3_3 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Golden arches theory
In 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. Both Russia and Ukraine contain several McDonald's restaurants. |
27327454_4_0 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Dell theory
The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention, or Dell theory, was presented by Thomas Friedman in his book, The World Is Flat. It is an updated version of his previous golden arches theory. |
27327454_4_1 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Dell theory
"The Dell Theory stipulates: No two countries that are both part of a major global supply chain, like Dell’s, will ever fight a war against each other as long as they are both part of the same global supply chain." |
27327454_4_2 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. See also
American Peace Award, 1924 contest
Big Mac Index
Doux commerce
The World Is Flat
Democratic peace
Economic interdependence
Immanuel Kant
Merchants of death, idea that financiers & munitions industry started World War I
Liberal International relations theory |
27327454_5_0 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Further reading
Gartzke, Erik. "The capitalist peace." American journal of political science 51.1 (2007): 166-191. online |
27327454_5_1 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Further reading
Gat, Azar. The causes of war and the spread of peace: but will war rebound? (Oxford University Press, 2017). |
27327454_5_2 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Further reading
Gill-Tiney, Patrick. "A Liberal Peace?: The Growth of Liberal Norms and the Decline of Interstate Violence." Journal of Conflict Resolution (2021): 00220027211035554. online
Hall, Mitchell, ed. Opposition to War: An Encyclopedia of U.S. Peace and Antiwar Movements (ABC-CLIO, 2018) excerpt
Kulnazarova, Aigul, and Vesselin Popovski, eds. The Palgrave Handbook of Global Approaches to Peace (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019)
Schneider, Gerald, and Nils Petter Gleditsch. "The capitalist peace: The origins and prospects of a liberal idea." International Interactions 36.2 (2010): 107-114. online
Shea, Patrick E. "Money Talks: Finance, War, and Great Power Politics in the Nineteenth Century." Social Science History 44.2 (2020): 223-249; argues the Rothschilds helped Europe avert war in several episodes. |
27327454_5_3 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Further reading
Smith, Andrew D., and Laurence B. Mussio. "Canadian Entrepreneurs and the Preservation of the Capitalist Peace in the North Atlantic Triangle in the Civil War Era, 1861–1871." Enterprise & Society 17.3 (2016): 515-545. online |
27327454_5_4 | 27327454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalist%20peace | Capitalist peace | Capitalist peace. Capitalism
Peace
Theories of history
International relations theory
Political theories
Democracy
International trade theory |
27327490_0_0 | 27327490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Tail%20Savannah%20Challenger%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 2009 Tail Savannah Challenger – Singles | 2009 Tail Savannah Challenger – Singles.
Michael Russell won the first edition of this tournament, after he beat Alex Kuznetsov in the final 6–4, 7–6(6). |
27327520_0_0 | 27327520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhugaon | Bhugaon | Bhugaon.
Bhugaon is a village in Pune, India that is located in the outskirts of the city. Despite it being located in the outskirts, it is a wild green corridor contiguously connected to the heart of PUNE, erandwane where the Sahyadri Mountains extend, a tunnel cut road interruption of forest by Chandani Chowk, Pune |
27327520_0_1 | 27327520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhugaon | Bhugaon | Bhugaon.
There are 120 adivasis who attend Bhugaon Gram Panchayat meetings and are making a FRA Act 2006 Community Forest Rights dawah to the Hanuman-Ferguson College Tekdi FRC |
27327527_0_0 | 27327527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Thomas%20Cup%20knockout%20stage | 2010 Thomas Cup knockout stage | 2010 Thomas Cup knockout stage.
This article lists the complete results of the knockout stage of the 2010 Thomas Cup in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All times are Malaysia Time (UTC+08:00). |
27327529_0_0 | 27327529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsuut%20Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq.
Torsuut Tunoq (old spelling: Torssuut Tunoq) is a sound on the southeastern coast of Greenland. It is an inner waterway of the North Atlantic. |
27327529_0_1 | 27327529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsuut%20Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq. Geography
The sound separates Kulusuk Island in the south from Apusiaajik Island in the northeast, and from the small Akinaaq island and smaller skerries in the northwest. The strait waterway connects Ammassalik Fjord in the northwest with the North Atlantic in the southeast, through the Ikaasaartik Strait. |
27327529_0_2 | 27327529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsuut%20Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq.
During winter pack ice and small icebergs pushed forth by the East Greenland Current ram against the northeastern coast, blocking the narrow Ikaasaartik Strait and facilitating the freeze of the much wider Torsuut Tunoq sound. The tidewater Apusiaajik Glacier drains into the sound in its northernmost part. |
27327529_0_3 | 27327529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsuut%20Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq. Settlement
Kulusuk is the only settlement in the area, located on an island of the same name on the southern coast of the sound. |
27327529_1_0 | 27327529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsuut%20Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq. Transport
The inhabitants of Kulusuk use snowmobiles and traditional dogsleds as additional means of transport during wintertime−families arriving at the Kulusuk Airport are ferried to the settlement on both, using the frozen waterway. |
27327529_1_1 | 27327529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsuut%20Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq | Torsuut Tunoq. Transport
In the summer, the cargo boats of Royal Arctic Line connect Kulusuk and Tasiilaq, providing an ad hoc alternative for the helicopter flights of Air Greenland. Polar cruises bound for, or returning from the coastal voyages in the Kangertittivaq fjord and the shores of Northeast Greenland National Park often visit the area on their way from/to Tasiilaq, albeit without anchoring in the harbour due to the shallowness of the coastal waters in the sound. |
27327535_0_0 | 27327535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloi%20Limenes | Kaloi Limenes | Kaloi Limenes.
Kaloi Limenes or Kali Limenes ( ) is a village and port in the Heraklion regional unit, southern Crete, in Greece, located south-west of the city of Heraklion. It has 21 inhabitants (2011). It is known as a major bunkering spot for ships in the southern Mediterranean. |
27327535_0_1 | 27327535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloi%20Limenes | Kaloi Limenes | Kaloi Limenes. History
Kaloi Limenes (meaning 'good harbors' or 'fair havens') is a natural port near the southernmost point of Crete. It is close to the village of Lentas (ancient Levin), and the unexcavated remains of Lassea, a port for the ancient settlement of Gortys. |
27327535_0_2 | 27327535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloi%20Limenes | Kaloi Limenes | Kaloi Limenes.
According to the Acts of the Apostles, Apostle Paul, landed at Kaloi Limenes on his way from Caesaria to Rome as a prisoner of the Romans, then proceeded further west along the coast to Phoinikas ("Phoenix"), identified to the homonym small village in the bay west of Loutro or Loutro itself. A small church was built there (first in Byzantine times, then restored in the 1960s). |
27327535_1_0 | 27327535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloi%20Limenes | Kaloi Limenes | Kaloi Limenes. Bunkering
The port is the home of a major oil storage and terminal facility, located on the small island of Aghios Pavlos ("Saint Paul") at the port's entrance. The facility has four shore-based storage tanks containing fuel oil and gasoil, pumps of 1,000 cubic metres per hour capacity and three loading docks. The terminal's maximum draft of 40 feet (13.45 metres) enables the facility to handle oil tankers of up to approximately two hundred thousand metric tons of deadweight. |
27327535_2_0 | 27327535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloi%20Limenes | Kaloi Limenes | Kaloi Limenes. See also
Matala, Crete
Libyan Sea
Historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles |
27327535_3_0 | 27327535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloi%20Limenes | Kaloi Limenes | Kaloi Limenes. Notes
Populated places in Heraklion (regional unit)
Oil terminals
Mediterranean port cities and towns in Greece |
27327541_0_0 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham.
Andrew Russell Bingham (born 23 June 1962) is a British Conservative Party politician and former Member of Parliament (MP). He was first elected as the MP for High Peak in Derbyshire at the 2010 general election, gaining the seat from Labour. Bingham was appointed the Parliamentary Private Secretary to Minister of State for the Armed Forces Mark Francois MP in July 2014. He lost his seat to the Labour candidate, Ruth George, at the 2017 general election. |
27327541_0_1 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham.
Since November 2017, Bingham has been the head of the Government Car Service, part of the Department for Transport based in London. |
27327541_0_2 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Early life
Bingham was born in Buxton and was raised there before his family moved to Chapel-en-le-Frith. He attended Long Lane Comprehensive School (now known as Chapel-en-le-Frith High School). He worked as a Director in his father's business before being elected to parliament, supplying engineering equipment to companies across the High Peak and North West England. |
27327541_0_3 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Political career
Bingham was first elected onto High Peak Borough Council in the 1999 district council elections, and was Councillor for Chapel West ward until the 2011 local elections. When the Conservatives gained control of the council in 2007 he became executive member for Social and Community Development. |
27327541_0_4 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham.
After losing by 735 votes to the incumbent Labour MP Tom Levitt at the 2005 general election, Bingham regained the High Peak seat for the Conservatives at the 2010 general election. He gave his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 8 June 2010, during which he claimed to have the most beautiful constituency in the UK. In 2010 he was appointed to the Work and Pensions Select Committee. |
27327541_0_5 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham.
Bingham opposed the government's ultimately successful legislation to introduce same-sex marriage. He stated that he knew his decision would 'upset' people but "felt after much thought and consideration that marriage as the union of one man and woman has existed for thousands of years and [he] couldn't support the changes proposed". |
27327541_0_6 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham.
In July 2014, Bingham was appointed to the Government, to be Parliamentary Private Secretary to the newly promoted Minister of State for the Armed Forces Mark Francois. Before becoming bound by the Ministerial Code, as a Parliamentary Private Secretary in the Ministry of Defence, Mr Bingham's various rebellions against the Government once led to one national newspaper to describe him as a 'serial rebel'. He was re-elected for his constituency in the 2015 general election with 45% of votes. Following the 2015 general election he was appointed as PPS to Justine Greening, Secretary of State for International Development. |
27327541_0_7 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham.
Bingham supported Brexit in the 2016 European Union Referendum. |
27327541_1_0 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Mottram–Tintwistle Bypass
Since being elected Bingham has been involved with the campaign for a bypass of the village of Tintwistle in his constituency (commonly known as the A57/A628 bypass, or the Mottram–Tintwistle Bypass). He met campaigners for the bypass, raised the issue at PMQs, held a parliamentary debate about the bypass, and secured a visit by the Transport Minister, Norman Baker. |
27327541_1_1 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Campaigns
Since the Minister's visit, Bingham has organised a number of meetings with a group of key stakeholders to find a way forward, as well as continuing to raise the issue of the bypass with Ministers in the House of Commons. |
27327541_1_2 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Corbar Birth Centre
In May 2011, Derbyshire County NHS announced a review of the future of Corbar Birth Centre in Buxton. Bingham spoke out in support of the birth centre and joined the campaign to save it. Amongst other things, Bingham raised the issue at PMQs and organised an action day across the constituency in conjunction with the National Childbirth Trust. |
27327541_1_3 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Campaigns
Despite this, members of the NHS Derby City and NHS Derbyshire County cluster voted unanimously to close Corbar, a decision which Bingham described as 'misinformed, misguided and wrong'. |
27327541_2_0 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. East Midlands Ambulance Service
In the summer of 2012, East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) announced plans to close the ambulance stations in Buxton and New Mills and replace them with a central hub in Chesterfield. Bingham met with EMAS to put his concerns to them and to state the case for an extra hub in the High Peak. A vocal opponent of the EMAS proposals, Bingham consistently warned about the length of the journey from the proposed central hub in Chesterfield, saying he had 'grave concerns' that the plans would put lives at risk. He also secured a short debate about the EMAS proposals in the House of Commons chamber, during which he re-stated his opposition to the plans. |
27327541_2_1 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. East Midlands Ambulance Service
In March 2013, EMAS announced that they had agreed to retain an ambulance station in the High Peak, a decision which Bingham cautiously welcomed. |
27327541_2_2 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Rural broadband
Bingham has also campaigned for better access to broadband in rural parts of his constituency, which he has said would benefit small businesses and the rural economy. He has spoken in various debates on the issue in the House of Commons, and in the course of one of them said that he regards broadband as the 'fourth utility' "as it is vital that businesses have it". |
27327541_3_0 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. New health facility for Buxton
Before his defeat in 2017, Bingham had been working on his idea for a new hospital for Buxton on the site of the old bottling plant for Buxton Water, rendered derelict when Nestlé opened a new plant outside the centre of the town. Negotiations between Bingham, Nestlé and the various key stakeholders in the Health Service had begun four years earlier and had stalled at one point but the successful purchase of the land was completed at the end of 2017. |
27327541_3_1 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Local events organised
During his tenure, Bingham organised a number of local events either to raise money for charity or to support activities in the High Peak. These included a funding information day for local charities in early 2011, a sponsored walk with Conservative MEP Emma McClarkin and a charity cricket match in 2013. In 2011 he organised a 'Small Business Day', with the aim of giving local businesses easy access to useful information and in September 2012 Bingham hosted a 'Business Export Seminar' to help local businesses that wanted to start exporting. |
27327541_3_2 | 27327541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bingham | Andrew Bingham | Andrew Bingham. Personal life
Bingham follows most sports, particularly cricket and football. He has supported Buxton F.C. since he was a boy, saying that he prefers lower division football over the "glitzy image of the Premiership". |
27327551_0_0 | 27327551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icici | Icici | Icici. Icici may refer to:
ICICI Bank, an Indian bank
Ičići, a town in Croatia |
27327554_0_0 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
Swaroop Kanchi (born 29 June 1983) is an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter. |
27327554_0_1 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
Making feature-length English-languageprimarily independent films through Tapas Films, based in Bangalore, Karnatakahis films include the romance-drama films Hong Kong Dreaming (2008) and Bengaloored (2010). |
27327554_0_2 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi. Early life and education
He was born in Bangalore, a pre-mature child born at just 6 and a half months, his father is also an actor who worked in more than 50 films before quitting acting for good. His mother was a businesswoman, however he showed no inclination towards films at an early age instead choosing to play tennis. He studied in Bangalore before starting off his career as a junior tennis player, moving to chennai after being selected at the prestigious Britannia Amritraj Tennis program. He came back to Bangalore before being forced to quit tennis for personal reasons. |
27327554_0_3 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi. Career
Kanchi, a design student learnt the art of filmmaking by himself. He started off with a few low-budget films which earned him recognition for his creativity, technique, approach and story-telling skills. One of his first films Something Taboo, dealt with misconceptions about sexually transmitted diseases and myths about HIVone of his first attempts at socially relevant films. |
27327554_0_4 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
He worked on the film Black Sugar which premiered at the New York Film Festival. Kanchi has also worked on Sleeping with the Enemy's Son, Acid and Taxiwallah, all American independent films made in Los Angeles, California. |
27327554_0_5 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
Presently based in Bangalore Kanchi has worked on films promoting education for street children with a film for Akanksha. Kanchi also collaborated with DreamWorks Executive to make a film on the similarities and differences between Bollywood and Hollywood; the film featured many notable film personalities of Indian film industry. He has also made a documentary film about the Kumbh Mela a mass Hindu pilgrimage. This was followed by non-fiction film projects based on Indian spirituality and cultural heritage in Cambodia, the Himalayas, India and Thailand. |
27327554_0_6 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
Hong Kong Dreaming (2008), an English-language film shot in Hong Kong, made with British actress Fiona Man, and Singaporean actor Kai Wong, resulting in the only Indo-Hong Kong film to date. The film premiered at the International Film Festival of England and later at the Bengalooru Film Festival. |
27327554_0_7 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
In 2008, Kanchi served as the Executive Producer on the short film Supraman and the School of Necessity with UK-based filmmakers. The film's cast were from real slums in Bangalore and stars a young child from an orphanage. It earned international acclaim and was lauded by many internationally acclaimed directors and film personalities. The film brought awareness to the cause of every child's right to basic education. |
27327554_0_8 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
His film Bengaloored (2010) was set for an all Indian wide release in 2010. |
27327554_0_9 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
In 2014 Yeh Dil Ramta Jogi Released, his first Hindi film, also his first starring role in a film. The film also co-starred Cajole Kapoor, Rageshwari Mahanta and noted Bollywood actor Sunil Kumar Palwal. The film was followed by Mudita, another Indian English film starring Padmavati Rao, Swaroop Kanchi, Shivani Parmar, Irshikaa Mehrotra, Alistar Bennis and Sudha NarasimhaRaju. The film premiered at the Marche Du film at Cannes Film Festival and finally Released on Amazon Prime Video World Wide. |
27327554_0_10 | 27327554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaroop%20Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi | Swaroop Kanchi.
Kanchi has been working on a film called Tripura Rahasya a big-budget film to be shot mostly in India. |
27327563_0_0 | 27327563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businessmen%27s%20Military%20Training%20Corps | Businessmen's Military Training Corps | Businessmen's Military Training Corps.
The Businessmen's Military Training Corps was a white and part-Hawaiian militia unit to prevent collaboration of Japanese-Americans as a result of a Japanese invasion of Hawaii. The militia was made up of 17 companies, two thirds of which were World War I veterans. Their main activates were patrolling, security, and battle planning. In response to their bias toward whites the Hawaii Defense Volunteers a predominantly Chinese-American militia formed. |
27327590_0_0 | 27327590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Vitthal%20Rukmini%20Samsthan | Sri Vitthal Rukmini Samsthan | Sri Vitthal Rukmini Samsthan.
Sri Vittal Rukmini Samsthan is a Maharashtrian Hemandapanthi style temple for Sri Pandurangan and Rukmini Deviwas, established 1998 by Mark ko kush kush. It is located in Govindapuram. The ground breaking ceremony was performed in April 1997. |
27327590_0_1 | 27327590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Vitthal%20Rukmini%20Samsthan | Sri Vitthal Rukmini Samsthan | Sri Vitthal Rukmini Samsthan.
The organization also has a very large Cow feeding facility (Gosamrakshana) towards which major work is done by the management. |
27327596_0_0 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd.
Mary Emma Byrd (November 15, 1849 – July 13, 1934) was an American educator and is considered a pioneer astronomy teacher at college level. She was also an astronomer in her own right, determining cometary positions by photography. |
27327596_0_1 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Early life
Mary E. Byrd was born November 15, 1849 in Le Roy, Michigan to the reverend John Huntington Byrd and Elizabeth Adelaide Lowe as the second of six children. The family moved to Kansas in 1855. Her father was strongly opposed to slavery and the slave trade, and managed a station of the Underground Railroad. Her mother was a descendant of John Endecott. Her parents instilled in her a strong Puritan belief, making her a person of high moral principles. Her uncle, David Lowe, a Kansas judge, who served for one term in Congress, refused to seek re-election because he found "politics and ideal honesty incompatible." |
27327596_0_2 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Education
In the late 19th century it was very difficult for a young woman to get a decent education. This is reflected in her education. She was a teacher, on and off, while trying to get an education. Byrd graduated from Leavenworth High School. She attended Oberlin College from 1871–1874, when John Millott Ellis was the college president. She left Oberlin before graduating. She graduated from the University of Michigan with a B.A. in 1878. In 1879 Byrd worked as the principal of Wabash High School in Indiana until 1882, when she left to study astronomy at Harvard College Observatory under Dr. E.C. Pickering. She received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Carleton College in 1904. |
27327596_0_3 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd.
Byrd was one of a group of young women who were the pioneers of coeducation. Most notable in this group was probably Alice Freeman Palmer. She worked briefly at The Coast Star in Manasquan, NJ prior to her death. |
27327596_1_0 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Career
In 1883 she became the First Assistant at the Godsell Observatory at Carleton College, and in 1887 she was appointed Director of the Smith College Observatory and professor of astronomy. |
27327596_1_1 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Career
Byrd had a particular research interest in "fixing positions of comets by micrometer measures of their distance from known stars." |
27327596_1_2 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Career
In 1906, Byrd, at the height of her career, resigned from her positions at Smith because the college accepted money from Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, which she found reprehensible. Upon her resignation, she returned to Lawrence, Kansas. She continued writing, and contributed many articles to Popular Astronomy magazine. |
27327596_1_3 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Career
During her life Byrd was a member of the Astronomical and Astrophysical Society of America (now the American Astronomical Society or simply AAS), the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, the British Astronomical Association, the Anti-Imperialist League of Northampton, the American Mathematical Society (Ref. New York Mathematical Society list of members June 1892, page 6. |
27327596_1_4 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Death
Byrd died of cerebral hemorrhage on July 13, 1934 in Lawrence, Kansas and is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery. |
27327596_1_5 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Works
Laboratory Manual in Astronomy which was published in 1899 and is currently available as a reprint by BiblioLife,
First Observations In Astronomy: A Handbook For Schools And Colleges which was published in 1913 and is currently available as a reprint by Kessinger Publishing, |
27327596_1_6 | 27327596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Byrd | Mary E. Byrd | Mary E. Byrd. Further reading
Bailey, Martha J. ; "Byrd, Mary Emma (1849–1934), astronomer". In American women in science, a biographical dictionary. Santa Barbara, Calif., ABC-CLIO, 1994. p. 46.; 1994
Leonard, John William, editor-in-chief; "Byrd, Mary Emma". In Woman's who's who of America. A biographical dictionary of contemporary women of the United States and Canada. 1914-1915; New York, American Commonwealth Co.; p. 152.; 1914 |
27327611_0_0 | 27327611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless%20alveolar%20nasal | Voiceless alveolar nasal | Voiceless alveolar nasal.
The voiceless alveolar nasal is a type of consonant in some languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent the sound are and , combinations of the letter for the voiced alveolar nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness above or below the letter. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n_0. |
27327611_1_0 | 27327611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless%20alveolar%20nasal | Voiceless alveolar nasal | Voiceless alveolar nasal. There are four specific variants of :
Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. |
27327642_0_0 | 27327642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Tail%20Savannah%20Challenger%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles | 2009 Tail Savannah Challenger – Doubles | 2009 Tail Savannah Challenger – Doubles.
Carsten Ball and Travis Rettenmaier won in the final 7-64, 6–4 against Harsh Mankad and Kaes Van't Hof |
27327647_0_0 | 27327647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittajallu | Chittajallu | Chittajallu.
Chittajallu (also spelled as Chittajalu) is one of the Indian family names. |
27327647_0_1 | 27327647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittajallu | Chittajallu | Chittajallu.
Chittajallu Pullaiah, famous Telugu film director.
Chittajallu Srinivasa Rao, famous Telugu film director. |
27327668_0_0 | 27327668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Union | Franco-British Union | Franco-British Union.
A Franco-British Union is a concept for a union between the two independent sovereign states of the United Kingdom and France. Such a union was proposed during certain crises of the 20th century; it has some historical precedents. |
27327668_1_0 | 27327668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Union | Franco-British Union | Franco-British Union. England and France
Ties between France and England have been intimate since the Norman Conquest, in which the duke of Normandy, an important French fief, became king of England, while also owing feudal ties to the French crown. |
27327668_1_1 | 27327668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Union | Franco-British Union | Franco-British Union. England and France
The relationship was never stable, and it only endured as long as the French crown was weak. From 1066 to 1214, the king of England held extensive fiefs in northern France, adding to Normandy the counties of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine, and the Duchy of Brittany. After 1154, the King of England was also duke of Aquitaine (or Guienne), together with Poitou, Gascony, and other southern French fiefs dependent upon Aquitaine. Together with the northern territories, this meant that the King of England controlled more than half of France – the so-called Angevin Empire – though still nominally as the king of France's vassal. The centre of gravity of this composite realm was generally south of the English channel; four of the first seven kings after the Norman Conquest were French-born, and all were native speakers of French. For centuries thereafter the royalty and nobility of England were educated in French as well as English. In certain respects, England became an outlying province of France; English law took the strong impress of local French law, and there was an influx of French words into the English language. |
27327668_1_2 | 27327668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Union | Franco-British Union | Franco-British Union. England and France
This anomalous situation came to an end with the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, when King Philip II of France deposed King John of England from his northern French fiefs; in the chaos that followed, the heir to the throne of France, later Louis VIII, was offered the throne of England by rebellious English barons from 1216 to 1217 and travelled there to take it. He was proclaimed king of England in St. Paul's Cathedral, where many nobles, including King Alexander II of Scotland, paid him homage. He captured Winchester and soon controlled over half the kingdom, but after the death of King John his support dwindled and he was forced to make peace, renouncing his claim to the throne. England was ultimately able to retain a reduced Guienne as a French fief, which was retained and enlarged when war between the two kingdoms resumed in 1337. |
27327668_1_3 | 27327668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Union | Franco-British Union | Franco-British Union. England and France
From 1340 to 1360, and from 1369 on, the king of England assumed the title of "king of France"; but although England was generally successful in its war with France, no attempt was made to make the title a reality during that period of time. |
27327668_1_4 | 27327668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Union | Franco-British Union | Franco-British Union. England and France
The situation changed with King Henry V of England's invasion of France in 1415. By 1420, England controlled northern France (including the capital) for the first time in 200 years. King Charles VI of France was forced to disinherit his own son, the Dauphin Charles, in favour of Henry V. As Henry predeceased the French king by a few months, his son Henry VI was proclaimed king of England and of France from 1422 by the English and their allies but the Dauphin retained control over parts of central and southern France and claimed the crown for himself. From 1429 the Dauphin's party, including Joan of Arc, counterattacked and succeeded in crowning him as king. |
27327668_1_5 | 27327668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Union | Franco-British Union | Franco-British Union. England and France
Fighting between England and France continued for more than twenty years after, but by 1453 the English were expelled from all of France except Calais, which was lost in 1558. England also briefly held the town of Dunkirk in 1658–1662. The kings of England and their successor kings of Great Britain, purely as a habitual expression and with no associated political claim, continued to use the title "king of France" until 1801; the heads of the House of Stuart, out of power since 1688, used the title until their extinction in 1807. |
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