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27328640_0_1 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Establishment
Filipinos with anti-Spanish sympathies had fled to Hong Kong since the 1872 Cavite mutiny as British law protected political refugees. |
27328640_0_2 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta.
The pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed on December 15, 1897. As part of this pact, Emilio Aguinaldo, then leader of the Philippine Revolution, agreed to leave the Philippines. On December 27, 1897, Aguinaldo and a number of ranking revolutionary officers boarded the steamship Uranus at Sual, Pangasinan on the Lingayen Gulf. On January 2, 1898, the first banking day after arrival in Hong Kong, Aguinaldo deposited $MXN400,000 which had been received from the Spanish government under the terms of the concluded Pact, into an account with the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank under the name Aguinaldo and Company; further routine banking transactions followed. Aguinaldo established a strict budget for the exiles in Hong Kong and enforced a frugal existence. |
27328640_1_0 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Financial turmoil and the repudiation of the pact
Revolutionaries left behind in the Philippines were dissatisfied with the arrangement which had exiles in Hong Kong enjoying funds made available in the Pact while they were left behind with no money, and negotiated an arrangement with the Spaniards for the second installment of those funds, amounting to another $MXN400,000, to be paid to them for distribution to needy insurgents in the Philippines. This was done, and the funds divided among insurgent leaders left behind in Biak-na-Bato. Pedro Paterno, who had been instrumental in negotiating the Pact, informed Aguinaldo of this once it had been done. |
27328640_1_1 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Financial turmoil and the repudiation of the pact
Aguinaldo called a meeting and revealed information which he had received from Paterno and Miguel Primo de Rivera, nephew of the Spanish Governor General in the Philippines, that the Spanish would not provide additional funds "so long as there was any revolt in the Philippines and the society of the Katipunan was not dissolved ...". He then announced that Isabelo Artacho, who had been left behind in Biak-na-Bato as director of commerce, was resigning and demanding reimbursement of expenses. This had the effect of uniting the exiles to repudiate the Pact and renew the revolution, and they replaced the officials of the provisional government formed at Biak-na-Bato with members of the exiled group. The exiles voted to approve Aratcho's resignation but to deny him reimbursement. Artacho, having journeyed from the Philippines, arrived in Hong Kong and filed suit against Aguinaldo and Company. This resulted in the issuance of an injunction "to restrain the defendant [Aguinaldo] and each of them from dealing with or parting with the possession...$400,000, or any part thereof." After discussing the situation with Filipe Agoncillo and leaving some signed checks with Vito Belarmino, whom he named as his surrogate, Aguinaldo withdrew $MXN50,000 and, using assumed names, secretly left Hong Kong for Singapore along with his secretary and his aide, Colonel Gregorio del Pilar. |
27328640_2_0 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. American involvement in the Philippines
The United States Asiatic Squadron, commanded by George Dewey, had arrived in Hong Kong on 17 February 1898, having been ordered there by Theodore Roosevelt, who was then Assistant Secretary of the Navy. They were directed to prepare for war with Spain. |
27328640_2_1 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. American involvement in the Philippines
The Junta presumed initially that the Spanish–American War, begun in April, would be confined to the Atlantic Ocean, and that this squadron would intercept Spanish reinforcements which were sent to the Philippines. After meeting with U.S. Consul E. Spencer Pratt in Singapore, Aguinaldo returned to Hong Kong. While Aguinaldo was in Singapore, the Junta in had been negotiating terms for reconciliation with representatives of Spain in Hong Kong but, with Spain focused on war with the United States, these negotiations came to nothing. On 25 April, the United States squadron had received orders to proceed to the Philippines. Aguinaldo and his entourage arrived back in Hong Kong under assumed names on 1 May. Aguinaldo was expecting, based on his discussions in Singapore, that the Americans would provide transport for him to return to the Philippines. This was discussed in Junta meetings where Aguinaldo was re-designated as Junta president and it was decided that he should return. The USS McCulloch transported Aguinaldo with thirteen Junta members on a subsequent 17 May voyage, arriving in Cavite two days later. |
27328640_2_2 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. American involvement in the Philippines
Writing retrospectively in 1899, Aguinaldo claimed that an American naval officer had urged him to return to the Philippines to fight the Spanish and said "The United States is a great and rich nation and needs no colonies." Aguinaldo also wrote that after checking with Dewey by telegraph, U.S. Consul E. Spencer Pratt had assured him in Singapore: |
27328640_2_3 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. American involvement in the Philippines
On April 28 Pratt wrote to United States Secretary of State William R. Day, explaining the details of his meeting with Aguinaldo:
There was no mention in the cablegrams between Pratt and Dewey of independence or indeed of any conditions on which Aguinaldo was to cooperate, these details being left for future arrangement with Dewey. Pratt had intended to facilitate the occupation and administration of the Philippines, and also to prevent a possible conflict of action. In a communication written on July 28, Pratt made the following statement:
On June 16, Secretary Day cabled Consul Pratt: "Avoid unauthorized negotiations with the Philippine insurgents," and later on the same day: |
27328640_2_4 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. American involvement in the Philippines
Filipino scholar Maximo Kalaw wrote in 1927: "A few of the principal facts, however, seem quite clear. Aguinaldo was not made to understand that, in consideration of Filipino cooperation, the United States would extend its sovereignty over the Islands, and thus in place of the old Spanish master a new one would step in. The truth was that nobody at the time ever thought that the end of the war would result in the retention of the Philippines by the United States." |
27328640_3_0 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Aguinaldo in the Philippines
After arriving in the Philippines, Aguinaldo immediately announced his intention to establish a dictatorial government with himself as dictator, saying that he would resign in favour of a duly elected president. In the Battle of Alapan on 28 May 1898, Aguinaldo raided the last remaining stronghold of the Spanish Empire in Cavite with fresh reinforcements of about 12,000 troops. This battle eventually liberated Cavite from Spanish colonial control and led to the first raising of the modern flag of the Philippines in victory. Soon after, Imus and Bacoor in Cavite, Parañaque and Las Piñas in Morong, Macabebe, and San Fernando in Pampanga, as well as Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Tayabas (present-day Quezon), and the Camarines provinces, were liberated by the Filipinos. They were also able to capture the port of Dalahican in Cavite. |
27328640_3_1 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Aguinaldo in the Philippines
On 12 June 1898, Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines at his house in Cavite El Viejo. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista wrote the Philippine Declaration of Independence, and read this document in Spanish that day at Aguinaldo's house. On 18 June, Aguinaldo issued a decree formally establishing his dictatorial government. On 23 June, Aguinaldo issued another decree, this time replacing the dictatorial government with a revolutionary government and naming himself as president. |
27328640_4_0 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Further work in Hong Kong and in the Philippines
After Aguinaldo's departure, a schism developed between junta members close to him, committed to independence, and wealthy and influential early exiles in Hong Kong who desired the annexation of the Philippines by America, or status as a protectorate. Aguinaldo courted the second group, but only in hopes of gaining access to financial aid. |
27328640_4_1 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Further work in Hong Kong and in the Philippines
Before departing Hong Kong, Aguinaldo had arranged with Wildman for securing of arms, financing that with MXN$117,000 from the funds on deposit in Hong Kong. According to Aguinaldo, an initial shipment of 2,000 Mauser rifles and 200 000 cartridges was received in the Philippines, but a promised second shipment did not arrived. This may have reflected Wildman's reaction to instructions he had received after reporting an offer of alliance by Felipe Agoncillo in November 1897; at that time, the United States Department of State had instructed him to refuse. |
27328640_4_2 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Further work in Hong Kong and in the Philippines
In June, another shipment of arms consisting of 2,000 rifles and 200,000 rounds was delivered to the Philippines at a cost of $MXN80,000 This shipment was brokered by Teodoro Sandiko, who accompanied it to the Philippines. The Junta attempted to arrange procurement of arms from Japan and an order was placed for an initial shipment. Confusion over payment and the breaking out of open hostilities between American and Filipino forces, however, resulted in its cancellation. |
27328640_4_3 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Further work in Hong Kong and in the Philippines
Aguinaldo asked Agoncillo on 7 August to go to the United States: |
27328640_4_4 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Further work in Hong Kong and in the Philippines
Aguinaldo also asked those remaining in Hong Kong to work towards an alliance with the United States, with a mandate to negotiate away some Spanish island chains but to accept being an American protectorate only as a last resort. They were also instructed to unite the community of Filipinos in Hong Kong behind their cause. |
27328640_4_5 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Further work in Hong Kong and in the Philippines
On 13 August 1898, the Spanish surrendered Manila to the Americans. Relations with the Americans quickly became strained. On 30 August, Aguinaldo sent Agoncillo instructions informing him that U.S. Major General Wesley Merritt was leaving Manila to take part in peace negotiations between the United States and Spain in Paris. Agoncillo was to |
27328640_4_6 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Further work in Hong Kong and in the Philippines
Galicano Apacible, who had become head of the Junta, recommended bribing news service correspondents to produce favorable stories. An ambitions propaganda campaign for Philippine independence begun by the Junta was well underway by the spring of 1899. One result of this was an article in The Manila Times asking: "Will None of My Gallant Knights Rid Me of This Troublous Priest?", explaining: |
27328640_5_0 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. United States sovereignty, and war
On December 10, 1898, representatives of Spain and the United States had signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish–American War. Article three of this treaty provided for the cession of the Philippines by Spain to the U.S. and payment by the U.S. to Spain of twenty million dollars. |
27328640_5_1 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. United States sovereignty, and war
The financial resources of the Juntas were being rapidly depleted with relatively little results. Repeatedly, agents of the Junta were forced to pay bribes to consummate their deals. By mid-December, 1898, the $MXN400,000 acquired by Aguinaldo from the Spaniards had been released by the Hong Kong banks; what was left was guarded carefully. The Junta pleaded for funds, which the Filipino government was unable to provide. Physical and administrative separation Junta members and between the Junta in Hong Kong and Aguinaldo in the Philippines fostered a divergence of ideas and policy. Continuous internal rivalries and personal intrigues wasted much energy. |
27328640_5_2 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. United States sovereignty, and war
On January 21, 1899, the First Philippine Republic had been proclaimed with Aguinaldo as president, replacing Aguinaldo's revolutionary government. On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic declared war against the United States, marking the official beginning of the Philippine–American war. |
27328640_5_3 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. United States sovereignty, and war
The scope of fighting between American and Filipino forces quickly expanded. On February 5, Aguinaldo sent Judge Florentino Torres, who had been a member of the recent Filipino negotiating commission, as emissary to the American commander, General Elwell Otis, to say that the fighting had begun accidentally and Aguinaldo was willing to end it. Otis responded, in the words of his provost marshal, "the fighting having once begun, must go on to the grim end." By November, superior U.S. forces had overcome organized resistance, and Filipino forces shifted from set piece battles to guerrilla warfare. Aguinaldo began a forced odyssey that would eventually end with his capture. |
27328640_6_0 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Decline of the Junta
The re-election of McKinley as United States president put an end to Junta hopes for his defeat. News of that, announced by the Junta on November 10, 1900, demoralized insurgent forces in the Philippines. Aguinaldo was captured by United States forces in Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901 and on April 1, he swore allegiance to the United States. The Junta addressed a circular on April 8, to all Filipino commanders in the field informing them of Aguinaldo's capture and of the surrender of other leaders. This was the final demoralizing blow to most of the guerrillas in the field. |
27328640_6_1 | 27328640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Junta | Hong Kong Junta | Hong Kong Junta. Decline of the Junta
By 1903, the Junta had lost cohesiveness in Hong Kong and faded away as an organization. It was briefly reconstituted by Artemio Ricarte as the Katipunan Abuluyan, a society based upon the old Katipunan. Ricarte returned to the Philippines in December 1903 hidden in the hold of the S.S. Yuensang, a Chinese freighter, and attempted to reignite the revolution. He was arrested on April 29, 1904, tried, sentenced to six years' imprisonment. He was banished from the islands in 1910 after refusing the oath of allegiance to the United States. |
27328642_0_0 | 27328642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20of%20Amateur%20Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen.
The National Association of Amateur Oarsmen, organized in 1872, was the first national governing body of the sport of rowing in the United States, and the first American sports organization to publish a definition of "amateur". Before the NAAO, regattas across the country used different definitions of amateur, making it impossible to hold a national amateur championship regatta. The NAAO's first national championship regatta was held in 1873 on the Schuykill River in Philadelphia. Beginning in 1916, the Julius H. Barnes Points Trophy was awarded to the club scoring the most points over the course of the championship regatta. |
27328642_0_1 | 27328642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20of%20Amateur%20Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen.
In 1982, the NAAO was merged with the National Women's Rowing Association to form the United States Rowing Association. |
27328642_1_0 | 27328642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20of%20Amateur%20Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen. National Championship Regattas
The following regattas were over one and one half miles (except the 1891 regatta in Washington, DC, which was one quarter mile) |
27328642_1_1 | 27328642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20of%20Amateur%20Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen | National Association of Amateur Oarsmen. Additional reading
Spalding Athletic Library issued Official Rowing Guide on May 1896. Frederick R Fortmeyer (secretary of the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen) compiled the 86 page guide. It also includes laws governing the association. |
27328645_0_0 | 27328645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou | Mamadou | Mamadou.
Mamadou or Mamadu is a common given name in West Africa among predominately Muslim ethnic groups such as the Mandé and Fula peoples. It is a variant of the Arabic name Muhammad. |
27328645_0_1 | 27328645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou | Mamadou | Mamadou. Academics
Mamadou Diouf (historian), Senegalese professor of West African history at Columbia University |
27328645_0_2 | 27328645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou | Mamadou | Mamadou. Arts and music
MAMADOU, Senegalese band based in the United States
Mamadou Diabaté, Malian kora player
Mamadou Diop (musician), Senegalese rhythm guitarist and band leader
Mamadou Konte, Senegalese music producer |
27328645_0_3 | 27328645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou | Mamadou | Mamadou. Government
Mamadou (mansa), ruler of the Mali Empire
Mamadou Blaise Sangaré, Malian politician, president of the Social Democratic Convention
Mamadou Boye Bah, Guinean economist and politician
Mamadou Kamara Dékamo, Congo-Brazzaville politician and diplomat
Mamadou Dembelé, Malian politician
Mamadou Dia, Senegalese politician, former prime minister
Mamadou Diop (politician), Senegalese politician, former mayor of Dakar
Mamadou Koulibaly, Ivorian politician
Mamadou Lamine Loum, Senegalese politician, former prime minister
Mamadou Lamine Traoré, Malian politician
Mamadou Maidah, Nigerien politician and diplomat
Mamadou Ouédraogo, French Upper Volta (present-day Burkina Faso) politician
Mamadou Samba Barry, Burkina Faso politician, secretary of the New Social Democracy party
Mamadou Seck (politician), Senegalese politician, president of the National Assembly of Senegal
Mamadou Sylla, Guinean judge and businessman
Mamadou Tandja, Nigerien politician, former president |
27328645_0_4 | 27328645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamadou | Mamadou | Mamadou. Sports
Mamadou Alimou Diallo, Guinean footballer
Mamadou Bagayoko, Malian footballer
Mamadou Bagayoko (footballer, born 1989), Ivorian footballer
Mamadou Bah, Guinean footballer
Mamadou Baldé, Senegalese footballer
Mamadou Camara, French footballer
Mamadou Danso, Gambian footballer
Mamadou Dansoko, Ivorian footballer
Mamadou Chérif Dia, Malian long and triple jumper
Mamadou Diabang, Senegalese footballer
Mamadou Diakité, Malian footballer
Mamadou Diallo (disambiguation), multiple people
Mamadou Diarra, Malian basketball player
Mamadou Diop (basketball), Senegalese basketball player at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Mamadou Djikine, Malian footballer
Mamadou Doumbia, Ivorian footballer
Mamadou Gueye (jumper), Senegalese long and triple jumper
Mamadou Gueye (sprinter), Senegalese 400 metres sprinter
Mamadou N'Diaye (disambiguation), multiple people
Mamadou Niang, Senegalese footballer
Mamadou Sakho, French footballer of Senegalese descent
Mamadou Samassa (footballer, born 1986), French-born Malian international footballer also of Senegalese descent
Mamadou Samassa (footballer, born 1990), French-born Malian international footballer
Mamadou Seck, Senegalese footballer
Mamadou Tall, Burkina Faso footballer
Mamadou Wague, French footballer
Mamadou Zaré, Ivorian football manager
Mamadou Zongo, Burkina Faso footballer |
27328664_0_0 | 27328664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyanidin%20C1 | Procyanidin C1 | Procyanidin C1.
Procyanidin C1 (PCC1) is a B type proanthocyanidin. It is an epicatechin trimer found in grape (Vitis vinifera), unripe apples, and cinnamon. |
27328664_0_1 | 27328664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyanidin%20C1 | Procyanidin C1 | Procyanidin C1. Natural occurrence and function
Procyanidin C1 can be isolated from grape seed extract. |
27328664_0_2 | 27328664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyanidin%20C1 | Procyanidin C1 | Procyanidin C1. Chemical synthesis
The stereoselective synthesis of seven benzylated proanthocyanidin trimers (epicatechin-(4β-8)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-epicatechin trimer (procyanidin C1), catechin-(4α-8)-catechin-(4α-8)-catechin trimer (procyanidin C2), epicatechin-(4β-8)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-catechin trimer and epicatechin-(4β-8)-catechin-(4α-8)-epicatechin trimer derivatives) can be achieved with TMSOTf-catalyzed condensation reaction, in excellent yields. The structure of benzylated procyanidin C2 was confirmed by comparing the 1H NMR spectra of protected procyanidin C2 that was synthesized by two different condensation approaches. Finally, deprotection of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin trimers derivatives gives four natural procyanidin trimers in good yields. |
27328664_0_3 | 27328664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyanidin%20C1 | Procyanidin C1 | Procyanidin C1. Research
Procyanidin C1 has been found to extend life in mice and to make them fitter. It was also found to greatly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy in mice in which human prostate tumor cells were implanted. |
27328664_1_0 | 27328664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyanidin%20C1 | Procyanidin C1 | Procyanidin C1. External Links
Carissa Wong: Grape seed chemical allows mice to live longer by killing aged cells. NewScientist, 6 December 2021 |
27328665_0_0 | 27328665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahler%20%28surname%29 | Mahler (surname) | Mahler (surname).
Mahler is a German occupational surname. Mahler was a variant spelling of Maler ("painter"), particularly a stained glass painter. |
27328665_0_1 | 27328665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahler%20%28surname%29 | Mahler (surname) | Mahler (surname).
The name most often refers to Gustav Mahler, Bohemian-Austrian composer and conductor. His family included: |
27328665_0_2 | 27328665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahler%20%28surname%29 | Mahler (surname) | Mahler (surname).
Alma Mahler-Werfel (1879–1964), Austrian socialite and wife of, successively, Gustav Mahler, Walter Gropius and Franz Werfel
Anna Mahler (1904–1988), Austrian-UK sculptor, daughter of Gustav and Alma Mahler
Fritz Mahler (1901–1973), Austrian conductor, and cousin once removed of Gustav Mahler
Otto Mahler (1873–1895), Bohemian-Austrian musician and youngest brother of Gustav Mahler
Joseph Mahler (1900–1981), inventor of the Vectograph stereoscopic technique, cousin of Gustav Mahler
Zdeněk Mahler (1936–2018), Czech pedagogue, writer, publicist and musicologist, distantly related with Gustav Mahler |
27328665_0_3 | 27328665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahler%20%28surname%29 | Mahler (surname) | Mahler (surname). Other people named Mahler include:
Arthur Mahler (1871–1944), Austrian archeologist
Bruce Mahler (born 1950), American actor
Eduard Mahler (1857–1945), Hungarian-Austrian orientalist, astronomer, natural scientist
Gregory Mahler (born 1950), American political scientist
Henry Mahler (1921–1983), Austrian-American biochemist
Halfdan T. Mahler (1923–2016), Danish physician
Hedwig Courths-Mahler (1867–1950), German writer
Horst Mahler (born 1936), German lawyer and political extremist
Kurt Mahler (1903–1988), German-British mathematician
Leslie Mahler (1970-), American genealogist, FASG
Margaret Mahler (1897–1985), Hungarian psychoanalytic child psychologist
Mickey Mahler (born 1952), American baseball player
Nicolas Mahler (born 1969) Austrian artist
Rick Mahler (1953–2005), American baseball player
Thomas Mahler, Austrian game developer and founder of Moon Studios
Vincent A. Mahler (born 1949), American political scientist |
27328697_0_0 | 27328697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%20National%20Football%20League%20%28South%20Africa%29 | 1977 National Football League (South Africa) | 1977 National Football League (South Africa). Final table
NB: 3 more losses than wins; odd number of draws; 9 more goals conceded than scored. |
27328701_0_0 | 27328701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerleon%20Endowed%20School | Caerleon Endowed School | Caerleon Endowed School.
Caerleon Endowed School, (also known as The Endowed School, Caerleon, Caerleon Charity School, Williams Charity School and Caerleon Junior School) is a junior school that was built in 1724 from a bequest from Charles Williams. The school became part of the state education system in 1948 under the 1944 Education Act. The school was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1951. |
27328701_0_1 | 27328701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerleon%20Endowed%20School | Caerleon Endowed School | Caerleon Endowed School.
The bequest was for "30 boys and 20 girls of the poorer sort", but the trustees reduced this to 20 boys and 10
girls. From 1724 to 1948 the school had only nine headmasters. The left and right wings of the buildings included houses for the school master and school mistress respectively. |
27328701_0_2 | 27328701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerleon%20Endowed%20School | Caerleon Endowed School | Caerleon Endowed School.
The Pevsner Guide describes the school as "educational bounty on an exceptional scale for the 18th century". The layout (a half H) become a model for later schools in Wales. |
27328714_0_0 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1160, adopted on 31 March 1998, after noting the situation in Kosovo, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, imposed an arms embargo and economic sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, hoping to end the use of excessive force by the government. |
27328714_0_1 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160.
Some countries had suggested a comprehensive arms embargo to be imposed against Serbia and Montenegro, including Kosovo. The Security Council condemned the violence that the Serbian police used against peaceful demonstrators, and the terrorist acts of the Kosovo Liberation Army. |
27328714_0_2 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160.
Yugoslavia was urged to seek a political solution to the conflict, while the Kosovar Albanians were called upon to condemn all terrorist actions and pursue their goals through peaceful means. It was stated that the only way to avoid further violence was to allow the Kosovar Albanian community a genuine political process and prospects for meaningful autonomy and self-determination. |
27328714_0_3 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160.
Acting under Chapter VII, the Council imposed an arms embargo on Serbia and Montenegro, and established a Committee to monitor its implementation and suggest improvements. The measures would be revised if it noted in reports from the Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Contact Group and European Union that Serbia and Montenegro had begun a dialogue, withdrew its police forces, allowed access to humanitarian aid agencies and accepted missions from the OSCE and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to the region. |
27328714_0_4 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160.
The resolution concluded by asking the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to begin gathering information on human rights violations, affirming that further measures would be imposed if there was no constructive progress. The arms embargo was lifted under Resolution 1367 (2001). |
27328714_0_5 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160.
Resolution 1160 was approved by 14 votes to none against, with one abstention from China, which argued that it was an internal matter. |
27328714_0_6 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160. Consequences
The Kosovo Verification Mission sought to verify compliance with resolution 1160. The resolution was disregarded: |
27328714_1_0 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160. See also
Breakup of Yugoslavia
Kosovo War
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1101 to 1200 (1997–1998) |
27328714_2_0 | 27328714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1160. 1160
1160
1998 in Yugoslavia
1160
United Nations Security Council sanctions regimes
1998 in Kosovo
1998 in Serbia
March 1998 events
1160 |
27328729_0_0 | 27328729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Karl%20Sch%C3%A4fer%20Memorial | 2003 Karl Schäfer Memorial | 2003 Karl Schäfer Memorial.
The 2003 Karl Schäfer Memorial (also known as the Vienna Cup) took place from October 15 through 19, 2003. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing. |
27328729_1_0 | 27328729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Karl%20Sch%C3%A4fer%20Memorial | 2003 Karl Schäfer Memorial | 2003 Karl Schäfer Memorial. Karl Schäfer Memorial
Karl Schafer Memorial, 2003
Karl Schafer Memorial |
27328755_0_0 | 27328755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C45H38O18 | C45H38O18 | C45H38O18. {{DISPLAYTITLE:C45H38O18}}
The molecular formula C45H38O18 (molar mass: 866.77 g/mol, exact mass: 866.205814 u) may refer to: |
27328755_0_1 | 27328755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C45H38O18 | C45H38O18 | C45H38O18.
Arecatannin B1, a condensed tannin found in the betel nut
Procyanidin C1, a condensed tannin found in grape
Procyanidin C2, a condensed tannin found in grape and barley |
27328757_0_0 | 27328757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Standing | Colin Standing | Colin Standing.
Colin Standing (birth registered 30th May 1942) is a Welsh former rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer in the 1960s and 1970s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Bridgend RFC, as a number eight, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Wigan, Oldham and Warrington, as a , i.e. number 11 or 12, during the era of contested scrums. |
27328757_0_1 | 27328757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Standing | Colin Standing | Colin Standing. Background
Colin Standing's birth was registered in Bridgend, Wales. |
27328757_1_0 | 27328757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Standing | Colin Standing | Colin Standing. International honours
Standing won two caps for Wales (RL) while at Wigan and Oldham in 1969–1970. |
27328757_1_1 | 27328757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Standing | Colin Standing | Colin Standing. Notable tour matches
Standing played number eight for the combined Bridgend-Maesteg XV in the 12-23 defeat by Fiji during the 1964 Fiji rugby union tour of Europe and Canada at Brewery Field on Saturday 12 September 1964. A quote in the programme of this game. Colin Standing (Bridgend) " No. 8. Aged 21 years. 6ft 2ins. Joined Bridgend 1961-62. Former clubs - Tondu, Cefn Cribbwr, London University. Full back until 18 years old. Glamorgan County and Welsh Trials reserve. One of the outstanding young players in the side. Good handler of the ball, powerful runner, and a natural athlete. No. 8 player that will reach the top. Industrial Chemistry Student." |
27328777_0_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
The United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (UN.GIFT) is a multi-stakeholder initiative providing global access to expertise, knowledge and innovative partnerships to combat human trafficking. |
27328777_0_1 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
UN.GIFT was conceived to promote the global fight on human trafficking, on the basis of international agreements reached at the UN. To date, 167 countries are parties to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons especially Women and Children, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. |
27328777_0_2 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
UN.GIFT was launched in March 2007 by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) with a grant made on behalf of the United Arab Emirates. It is managed in cooperation with the International Labour Organization (ILO); the International Organization for Migration (IOM); the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF); the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR); and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). |
27328777_0_3 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
UN.GIFT works with all stakeholders - governments, businesses, academia, civil societies and the media - to support each other's work, create new partnerships and develop effective tools to fight human trafficking. |
27328777_0_4 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
The Global Initiative is based on a simple principle: human trafficking is a crime of such magnitude and atrocity that it cannot be dealt with successfully by any government alone. This global problem requires a global, multi-stakeholder strategy that builds on national efforts throughout the world. |
27328777_0_5 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
To pave the way for this strategy, stakeholders must coordinate efforts already underway, increase knowledge and awareness, provide technical assistance; promote effective rights-based responses; build capacity of state and non-state stakeholders; foster partnerships for joint action; and above all, ensure that everybody takes responsibility for this fight. |
27328777_0_6 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
By encouraging and facilitating cooperation and coordination, UN.GIFT aims to create synergies among the anti-trafficking activities of UN agencies, international organizations and other stakeholders to develop the most efficient and cost-effective approach to fight human trafficking. |
27328777_0_7 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. Mission
UN.GIFT mobilizes State and non-State actors to eradicate human trafficking by: |
27328777_0_8 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
(a) Reducing both the vulnerability of potential victims and the demand for exploitation in all its forms; |
27328777_0_9 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
(b) Ensuring adequate protection and support to those who do fall victim; and |
27328777_0_10 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
(c) Supporting the efficient prosecution of the criminals involved, while respecting the fundamental human rights of all persons. |
27328777_0_11 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
In carrying out its mission, UN.GIFT will increase knowledge and awareness on human trafficking; promote effective rights-based responses; build capacity of State and non-State actors; and foster partnerships for joint action against human trafficking. |
27328777_0_12 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. Goals
1. To foster awareness, global commitment and action to counter human trafficking in partnership with different stakeholders including governments, the international community, non-governmental organizations and other elements of civil society and the media; and |
27328777_0_13 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
2. To assist countries in creating and strengthening support structures for victims of trafficking. |
27328777_0_14 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. The core areas of UN.GIFT's work are:
1. Global and collective advocacy efforts to help raise awareness of human trafficking;
2. Evidence-based knowledge on human trafficking to feed into national, regional and global policy-making;
3. Greater coordination and cooperation among international organizations and innovative public-private partnerships;
4. System-wide, institutional and individual capacity development of stakeholders through the delivery of technical assistance. |
27328777_0_15 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. Steering Committee
The UN.GIFT alliance is composed of the six major international organizations providing technical know-how and expertise to Governments and non-governmental entities in addressing the human trafficking challenge.
The UN.GIFT Steering Committee, comprising representatives from the six founding members and the main donor to UN.GIFT, coordinates anti-trafficking efforts of its members and their respective networks and alliances. |
27328777_0_16 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking.
The UN.GIFT Steering Committee provides a unique opportunity to increase the impact of anti-trafficking responses supported by the UN and other organizations and to create synergies to ensure the most efficient and effective delivery of anti-trafficking activities. |
27328777_1_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. International Labour Organization (ILO)
The mandate of ILO is to protect the interests of workers when employed in countries other than their own, noting that labour is not a commodity. The Conventions adopted by ILO that are of most relevance to human trafficking are those on forced labour, child labour and migrant workers. Other relevant ILO Conventions include those on gender equality and discrimination, employment policy, employment agencies, labour inspection, safety and health at work. |
27328777_2_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. International Organization for Migration (IOM)
IOM has a comprehensive approach to counter trafficking in persons within the wider context of managing migration, providing an integrated response to prevent human trafficking, protect the victims through targeted assistance and empower governments and other agencies to combat this severe human rights violation more effectively. |
27328777_2_1 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. International Organization for Migration (IOM)
IOM has implemented almost 500 counter-trafficking projects in 85 countries since 1994, and has provided assistance to over 15,000 trafficked persons. IOM's primary aims are to prevent human trafficking and protect victims of the trade through offering them options of safe and sustainable reintegration and/or return. IOM has developed over 400 partnerships with both state actors and civil society in the course of this work. |
27328777_3_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
OHCHR's anti-trafficking program focuses on the integration of human rights into anti-trafficking initiatives at the legal, political and program levels. Its anti-trafficking work is based on a dual strategy that addresses prevention through focusing on the root causes creating vulnerability, such as economic disparities, conflict and discrimination, as well as reinforcing victim assistance and protection. In promoting and advocating a human rights-based approach to anti-trafficking, OHCHR is guided by two fundamental considerations: human rights must be at the core of any credible anti-trafficking strategy; and anti-trafficking initiatives must not in any way adversely affect the rights of trafficked persons or those vulnerable to trafficking. |
27328777_4_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
The fight against trafficking in human beings has become a priority of the OSCE, which applies the OSCE concept of common and comprehensive security and its three dimensions(politico-military, economic and human dimension) to address this grave crime and human rights violation. Since the late 1990s, the OSCE has created political and operational frameworks to combat human trafficking – political commitments adopted by the OSCE participating States from 2000 to 2008 and relevant structures designed to provide assistance to them in the implementation of these comprehensive Ministerial Decisions and anti-trafficking projects and programmes. |
27328777_4_1 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
The Organization works closely with its 56 participating States to catalyse political will at the national level in countries of origin, transit and destination, to facilitate dialogue and better co-ordination and co-operation in combating all forms of trafficking in human beings, increase capacity building and involvement of all relevant stakeholders, be it state institutions or civil society, in developing zero tolerance towards slavery and exploitation of trafficked persons. |
27328777_5_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
UNICEF's mandate to protect children from all forms of violence, abuse and exploitation is based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children deprived of their rights are vulnerable to numerous forms of exploitation including trafficking and exposure to multiple forms of abuses, violence and exploitation including sexual exploitation, forced marriage, illegal adoption, cheap or unpaid labour. Trafficking violates their rights to be protected, depriving them of the right to reach their full potential. The Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography provides added impetus to combat child trafficking. |
27328777_6_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNODC has a general mandate to address transnational organized crime. The Trafficking in Persons Protocol, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), provides the legal and conceptual framework for UNODC's work in the area of human trafficking. It focuses on the criminal justice system response to human trafficking, and also includes further provisions on victim protection and preventive measures. UNODC serves as the secretariat of the Conference of the Parties to UNTOC and its protocols and for the Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons. |
27328777_6_1 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. UN.GIFT.HUB
The UN.GIFT virtual knowledge hub, UN.GIFT.HUB, was developed in response to the need to gather all existing knowledge on human trafficking. In addition, it was designed to broaden this knowledge base by sharing experiences and information from all sectors. The UN.GIFT.HUB is an online space, not only to collect information, but where users can participate in the creation and dissemination of knowledge. |
27328777_7_0 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. 2010 Business Leaders Award Against Human Trafficking
To honour business leaders who take an active stand against human trafficking, End Human Trafficking Now!, UN.GIFT and the United Nations Global Compact are jointly launching a new international award, "Business Leaders against Human Trafficking". |
27328777_7_1 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. 2010 Business Leaders Award Against Human Trafficking
The award will recognize business leaders who make their commitment to combat human trafficking an integrated part of their business strategy and their efforts to ensure corporate sustainability. |
27328777_7_2 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. 2010 Business Leaders Award Against Human Trafficking
Business leaders are uniquely placed to combat exploitative labour practices and to raise awareness of human trafficking among their workforces, suppliers, business partners, peers and even consumers. The award aims to reward creativity in identifying, preventing and combating human trafficking. Designed to stimulate businesses around the world to address the scourge of human trafficking, the award will commend business innovations in labour policies, supply chain management and corporate sustainability initiatives that help fight human trafficking. |
27328777_7_3 | 27328777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Global%20Initiative%20to%20Fight%20Human%20Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking | United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. 2010 Business Leaders Award Against Human Trafficking
The winners of the 2010 award were: Marylin Carlson Nelson, Chairman, Carlson Companies; Robert Rigby-Hall, Senior Vice President, LexisNexis, Inc.; Christopher Davis, International Campaigns Director, Body Shop International |
27328786_0_0 | 27328786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiranjeevulu%20%281956%20film%29 | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film) | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film).
Chiranjeevulu () is a 1956 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film, produced by D. L. Narayana under Vinoda Productions banner and directed by Vedantam Raghavaiah. It is a partial remake of the Hindi film Mela (1948). The film stars N. T. Rama Rao and Jamuna, with music composed by Ghantasala. It was released on 15 August 1956 and became a commercial success. |
27328786_0_1 | 27328786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiranjeevulu%20%281956%20film%29 | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film) | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film). Plot
Mohan and Sarada are neighbours who have been in love since childhood. Sarada's father Rayudu is a school teacher whereas Mohan's father Ramadasu is a sweet shop owner. Sarada's mother Govindamma is a shrew and her brother Ratnam does not relish the closeness of Mohan and Sarada. As his behaviour is mischievous, Govidamma sends Ratnam away and he returns after a few years. Once Sarada and Mohan visits the village fair where Krishna, a wise doctor, sees and likes Sarada. Spotting it, Ratnam gets acquaintance with him. Meanwhile, elders decide to couple up Mohan and Sarada when Mohan moves to town to get jewellery for Sarada. On the way back, a thief hits him and steals the jewellery. Krishna, passing on the way, takes him to his hospital. Ratnam notices it and spoils the marriage by lying that Mohan has eloped with another girl. Subsequently, he fixes Sarada's marriage with Krishna. Knowing it, Mohan rushes towards the village when his bullock cart turns upside down and he becomes blind. |
27328786_0_2 | 27328786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiranjeevulu%20%281956%20film%29 | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film) | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film).
After learning that Sarada is married, a dejected Mohan attempts suicide but Krishna rescues and takes him to his home. Here Sarada sees Mohan, but does not reveal her identity and starts serving him. After some time, Mohan gets back his vision and returns to his village. Once Sarada talks to Mohan at the temple. Witnessing it, Ratnam starts blackmailing her. Once Mohan reaches Krishna's house to get back his doll when he realises Sarada as Krishna's wife. At present, Ratnam poisons Krishna's mind and he suspects his wife's fidelity. Grief-stricken, Mohan sits at the temple without food and water. Janaki, sister of Mohan, cannot tolerate it, so she brings out the truth before Krishna through Ratnam. By the time, Sarada consumes poison. Immediately, Krishna lifts her and drives, amidst the cyclonic night, to the garden where Mohan and Sarada spent their childhood. There, he allows Sarada to die in front of Mohan, who also succumbs to the shock. |
27328786_1_0 | 27328786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiranjeevulu%20%281956%20film%29 | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film) | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film). N. T. Rama Rao as Mohan
Jamuna as Sarada
Gummadi as Krishna
C. S. R. Anjaneyulu as Rayudu
B. Narasimha Rao as Ramadasu
Peketi Sivaram as Ratnam
Balakrishna as Satyam
Suryakantham as Akhilandamma
Chhaya Devi as Govindamma
Surabhi Balasaraswati as Janaki |
27328786_1_1 | 27328786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiranjeevulu%20%281956%20film%29 | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film) | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film). Production
Chiranjeevulu was directed by Vedantam Raghavaiah and produced by D. L. Narayana under Vinoda Productions. It was remade from the Hindi film Mela (1948), but Raghavaiah, Narayana and dialogue writer Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry made substantial changes to the screenplay, one of them being the male lead going blind which did not happen in the Hindi original. While the female lead in Mela is unable to marry the male lead and instead forced to marry a much older widower who has children, the female lead in Chiranjeevulu marries a "young eligible bachelor". N. T. Rama Rao was chosen to play the male lead Mohan, reprising the role originally played by Dilip Kumar. He wore contact lenses to portray his character when blind. The scene where a blind Mohan attempts suicide by walking into the way of an incoming train and is saved by the doctor Krishna was shot at Chengalpattu junction railway station. While filming this scene, Gummadi, who played Krishna, fell but managed to get up and to push an oblivious Rama Rao out of the train's way. It was not written in the script that Krishna had to fall, but the filmed scene was retained. Jamuna played the female Sarada, portrayed by Nargis in Mela where the character was known as Manju. Chiranjeevulu was her first film with Raghavaiah, who would frequently help correct her acting over the course of the film's production. Cinematography was handled by V. N. Reddy, and the editing by R. Hanumantha Rao. Principal photography took place primarily at Revathy Studios, Madras. |
27328786_1_2 | 27328786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiranjeevulu%20%281956%20film%29 | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film) | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film). Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Ghantasala, and the lyrics were written by Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry. The songs "Thellavaaraga Vachhe", "Kanupaapa Karuvaina Kanulenduko" and "Yendaka Yendaka" attained popularity. |
27328786_1_3 | 27328786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiranjeevulu%20%281956%20film%29 | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film) | Chiranjeevulu (1956 film). Release and reception
Chiranjeevulu was released on 15 August 1956 and became a commercial success. The film was dubbed in Tamil as Amarageetham. |
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