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### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Wren * Most wrens adapt to environments. * Most wrens are rather small - small and rather inconspicuous, except for their loud and often complex songs - attract mates - belong to families - eat fruit * Most wrens have backs - diets - extensive ranges - legs - lay eggs - live in habitats * Most wrens raise broods - return to nests - shed feathers - sing songs * Some wrens destroy eggs - eat spiders - feed in water * Some wrens have broad stripes - white stripes - eye stripes - habits - snow * Some wrens have white eye stripes - look like adults - sit on eggs * Some wrens use materials - nest materials - traditional materials * are bands - medium-small to very small birds - passerines - small, plain birds, yarn is what one knits with - soft as yarn - the easiest birds to attract to a birdhouse - very tolerant of human activity and they relish sawfly larvae * build nests in a variety of cavities but appreciate a box - several different nest in a summer but use only one * eat a lot of insects and are easy to attract - berries * enter territory. * fill a nest box with sticks and line the deep nest cup with fine plant fibers or feathers. * have a pale eyestripe - long, slender bills that are curved slightly downward - loud and often complex songs, sometimes given in duet by a pair - short wings that are barred in most species, and they often hold their tails upright * hunt insects. * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * interfere by puncturing the eggs of other birds. * love trees * often have two broods per season. * possess nests. * prefer bushes. * seem to prefer houses hanging from a tree limb. * sing mostly from cover, and sound like no other British bird * visit feeders. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| wren: Carolina wren * Most carolina wrens have backs * Some carolina wrens have broad stripes Marsh wren * Some marsh wrens have habits. * are a species of special concern in Michigan.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Young bird * Many young birds leave the nest before they have full flight capabilities - spend time out of the nest while learning to fly * Most young birds are totally on their own soon after leaving the nest. * Most young birds eat animal food - establish territory - feed on insects - grow very quickly indeed * Most young birds have ability - beaks - black beaks - brown hues - calls - chins - dark eyes - flesh - tendencies - learn to forage for their meals - leave the nest well before they are able to fly - lose feathers - make sound * Most young birds reach maturity - sexual maturity - require proteins - survive accidents * Most young birds take first flight * Some young birds become adults - have collars - learn to recognize their parents or foster parents within a few hours of hatching - remain with parents - resemble hens - starve to death - stay with parents - take care * acquire adult plumage characteristics during their second year. * are blackish green in color and have yellow streaking in the beak - chocolate brown, gradually turning white as they grow older - covered in brown markings - dark brown with dark eyes - dependent on insects for vital protein - duller in colouration - easy to identify - generally lighter in color - have brownish heads and undersides - largely insectivorous - less glossy than adults, but they lose the dullness when they reach maturity - more susceptible to a severe debilitating infection than are adult birds - most likely to be taken by hunters - mostly gray in coloring, with black beaks - overall pale-brown until they grow their adult feathers - precocial after hatching - significantly more prone to injuries than adults * are similar in appearance to adults - to the hens - susceptible to environmental insult - vulnerable to chills and pneumonia - youngs * bear grey and brown scalloped plumage on their backs and wings. * become listless, pale, show ruffled feathers and appear unthrifty - tasty feasts for some mountain cats, martens and large owls * begin foraging on their own somewhere between two and three weeks of age. * deserted by their parents are most probably sick or abnormal. * develop rapidly. - mainly insects, as do the young of most birds - mostly animal foods such as soft invertebrates * follow, imitate and learn from their parents all summer. * have a brownish-black bill all year - head and body moult about five weeks after hatching - speckled breast with no red and are mostly gray in appearance - tendency to pick at their own excretion - very efficient insulation against the cold - appetite * have black beaks - legs and feet and a dark bill * have dark eyes initially that become paler as they mature - darker, brownish plumage - grayish-brown upperparts - large numbers of down feathers * have lighter legs, flexible breastbones and flexible beaks - soft breastbones and flexible beaks - red feathers scattered throughout the plumage - to leave the territory within two years, forced by parents - trouble breathing and gasp for air - very special diets * hear their parents, other adults, and even territorial rivals. * know already how to sing - instinctively how to hunt * lack the black throat patch and have greenish-yelow upper parts. * learn how to forage after they learn to fly. * learn to recognize the markings and song of their parents right away - sing from their adult companions - talk quicker than older birds, as do solitary birds * leave the nest after three or four months - in a few short weeks - permanently about a year later * live in nursery flocks where they learn all skill required for independent life. * look like females - similar to adults, but have gray feathers in place of the red skin on their crowns * migrate farther than older birds. * open beaks. * reach maturity and join other adult birds preparing for autumn migration * reach sexual maturity in their fourth year * remain dependent on their parents for several weeks after fledging - with their parents for many months after fledging * resemble adults, except they have gray heads - females, but are browner and have a paler bill - non-breeding birds * seem to prefer spiders as a supplement to their diet while adults prefer berries. * select the song of their own species out of many alien songs in their environments. * show a lot of white on the head. * stay in the nest three to four weeks - with their parents for between one and two years * take about a year to develop full adult coloration * tend to be darker and browner than the adults - take live food better than dry food * to find food. * vary in the shade of brown, with darker birds presumably males.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Younger bird * are dark-brown all over - duller and more streaked and lack the rust-coloured tail of the adult - especially vulnerable to attack and even even be killed by older hens - more inclined to wander - mostly brown, mottled with varying amounts of white - much greyer in colour, and have black wing tips * have dark reddish beaks - soft feet, and older birds have slightly scaly feet * produce smaller and less robust plumuels. + Mourning Dove, Description: Doves * Its feathers are generally light gray-brown and lighter and more pink below. The wings may have black spots, and the outer tail feathers are white. The eyes are dark, with light skin around them. The adult male has bright purple-pink patches on the sides of its neck, with light pink coloring up to the breast. Younger birds look more scaly and dark.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate: Fetus * All fetuses do in the uterus is continue to grow and develop features such as hair and nails - start out with precursors of female and male sex organs * Many fetuses never survive until term and are stillborn or spontaneously abort - spontaneously abort because of some genetic defect * Most fetuses are inside wombs - become babies - continue development * Most fetuses develop functions - hind limbs * Most fetuses develop hollow muscular organs * Most fetuses develop in uteruses * Most fetuses develop into healthy infants - layers - organ functions - excrete waste * Most fetuses experience severe effects - side effects - feel pain * Most fetuses fill entire uteruses - get nutrients - grow in uteruses - has-part eyes * Most fetuses have chances - toenails - move arms - receive nutrition - remain in states - undergo transformation * Some fetuses are at risk for growth abnormalities later in pregnancy - carry mutation * Some fetuses drink amniotic fluid - excrete urine * Some fetuses have abnormalities - chests - follicles - genetic abnormalities - hair follicles - produce urine * Some fetuses respond to familiar sound - frequency sound - low frequency sound - suffer degeneration * absorb nicotine when their mothers smoke during pregnancy. * also begin to resemble humans - learn the beginnings of languages from their mothers while in the womb * are also capable of tasting in the womb - eviscerated - body parts * are especially sensitive to radiation exposure - susceptible to methylmercury - humans, too - innocent full-fledged members of the moral community * are innocent human beings in the moral sense * are located in jars - solid objects - vertebrates - very susceptible to infection while still in the womb * can be a human being when it has the fully formed of human - have strokes during a pregnancy, cutting the blood supply from reaching the brain - hear mothers talking or sining - smell in the womb during the last trimester * complete development. * contract the parasite through the mother. * display individual personality. * enters birth canal. * even have large black eyes. * experience effects. * exposed to methyl mercury in the womb are highly susceptible to health problems. * has a fully - formed of human when it about sixteen weeks - month of rapid growth - heartbeats - touch * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * is Latin for offspring or young one - at some risk if mare is receiving phenylbutazone as it does cross the placenta - cushioned against shock by amniotic fluid - infected by transplacental passage during maternal parasitemia - longer in the womb, and there is an extended period of parental care - more sensitive to toxins than mother - the Latin word for infant - thin and without much fat * is too big to more around much but can kick strongly and roll around - move around much but can kick strongly and roll around * need care - special care * perfectly good Latin word for fruitful or bringing forth. * possess several characteristics of a person. * react differently to sub-optimal conditions than do newborn babies or adults - sharply to their mother's actions * receives and eliminates nutrition through umbilical cord. * recognizes maternal sounds such as breathing, heartbeat, voice, and digestion. * responds to light and sound. * rests on uterus - no longer floating. * retain more mercury than adults. * turns toward light sources in what is known as the orienting response.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fetus: Affected fetus * Most affected fetuses die in utero or shortly after delivery. * have severe neurologic compromise, with poor prognosis and early death. Human fetus * All human fetuses start out as a quasi-female creature. * are at risk of acquiring infection vertically from infected maternal blood. Unborn fetus * are at special risk for serious damage to the developing nervous system. * shows signs of fetal distress. Fish * allows highly sensitive, direct detection of chromosomal abnormalities. * live in the water and swim around. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Adult fish * are more vulnerable because they are larger and more lethargic. * can carry whirling disease without showing any deformities - grow to over four feet in length * find their habitat reduced and their feeding inhibited. * require an unobstructed migration path between the ocean and the stream spawning grounds. Affected fish * develop ulcers primarily along the body walls and head. * show yellow pigmentation of the gills and skin. Alaskan fish * Most Alaskan fish travel a counter clockwise path following the currents in the north Pacific Ocean. * are as tall as the fisherman.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Anadromous fish * are also an important source of nutrients. * are fish that live in saltwater, but return to freshwater to spawn - mature in the sea but migrate to fresh water to breed - unique in that they live in both fresh and salt water * benefit from both freshwater and marine habitats. * can no longer migrate from the sea. * inhabits both fresh water and salt water, depending on the time of year. * live in the oceans but migrate up freshwater rivers to spawn. * make use of the area below the falls for spawning and rearing. * migrate from marine environments into freshwater environments to spawn - up rivers from the sea to breed in fresh water * spawn in freshwater and migrate to sea as juveniles to grow towards adulthood. * spend most of their life in salt water but migrate to fresh water for spawning - lives at sea but migrate to fresh water to breed * swim from the ocean into rivers or streams to breed.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Anchovy * Anchovies also make an appearance in southeast Asian cooking - yield fish oil which is another exportable commodity * Anchovies are a key bait fish - abundant in bays and estuaries in the spring, summer and fall - also the staple food of the guano producing birds of the region - considered food for almost every fish that they are near - hidden ingredients in some familiar and common foods * Anchovies are members of the herring family - order - small fish which are salted and preserved - the most abundant schooling fish on the west coast - very tiny fish - can concentrate domoic acid which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning - exhibit a special way of feeding called planktivory - feed on euphasids, copepods and decapod larvae * is fish + Anchovy, As a food source: Anchovies :: Edible fish :: Fish of the Atlantic :: Fish of the Pacific :: Fish of the Indian ocean :: Clupeiformes :: Teleosts + Black Sea, Fish: Seas :: Geography of Europe * Anchovies are very delicious fish. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| anchovy: Northern anchovy * Northern anchovies live along the west coast of North America Range. * is an important commercial bait fish used in sport fishing. Angel fish * are among the most popular aquarium fish. * tend to be solitary creatures that frequent the same territory day after day.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Angler * Many anglers gather worms in a lawn after a rain or late at night with a flashlight - hook baitfish through the lower lip and out the upper lip - use waders, float tubes or canoes to expand their opportunities to catch a trout * Most anglers have teeth - hold off the end of a fallen tree, quickly hitting the trunk and the largest limbs - keep a dry set of clothes in their vehicles in case they get wet * Most anglers prefer night during summer when days are warmer - to fish when the weather is warm - simply shuffle their feet to avoid stingrays * Most anglers use canoes or small aluminum boats - flat-bottom boats, to navigate the sand bars and river rocks * Some anglers also know that striped bass feed on baby flounder - are housewives - believe fishing for sharks at night is better than in the day - prefer very small dabs so they can be chewed on, bones and all * Some anglers use a cotton glove on their hand when tailing a fish - cigar boxes, or sewing boxes, or even their hats to store their tackle - downriggers to control the fishing depth, or to slow troll bait or lures - lead-weighted hooks, called jigs - small fish as live bait for larger predatory fish - stoves and heaters in their shanty to keep warm - tiny spinner blades and beads on their hooks to serve as additional attractors * adapt well to life in captivity, and are relatively hardy. * also use jigs or spec rigs to catch kingfish. * are fishermans - frequently interested in the age of walleye they have caught - responsible for carefully releasing bull trout in closed waters - schemers - video games * bony fish * can also fish for bass, bluegills, sunfish, crappie and catfish - scoop minnows, crawfish or grass shrimp in roadside ditches or small streams * can catch bass all year long in deep water - catfish, white perch, and striped bass - chase largemouth bass, bluegill, crappie, catfish, or pickerel * can fish for perch, bass, pike, cutthroat and rainbow trout, and kokanee salmon - corbina, grunion and yellow-fin croaker - smallmouth, largemouth, and spotted bass - help prevent infections by taking extra care when returning fish to the water - rub off the winter's rust, and drink in the green shimmer of the new leaves - use information about temperature and oxygen levels to decide when and where to fish * catch fish - lingcod in the waters of California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska - walleye, crappie, sauger, white bass and channel catfish * chase fish. * continue to throw plastics and spinnerbaits in shallow water. * differ in their attitudes about fishing for nesting bass. * fish for gar, crappie, bowfin, bream species, buffalo, carp and catfish - salmon with rod and reel, often using flies as bait - steelhead and salmon during the winter season - remote waters such as One Horse Gap Lake * frequently see flounders popping the surface as they attack prey along shorelines. * have harvest - preference - teeth in their throats to prevent prey from escaping * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * often catch bass, catfish, and walleye - refer to the red wormlike larvae as blood worms or blood midges * often use cast nets to target small striped mullets for use as live bait - sinkers and jigs containing lead - wire leaders to prevent the sharp teeth of the bluefish from cutting their lines * persist in winter, bearing augers for ice fishing. * sometimes describe trolling as a boat ride occasionally interrupted by a fish - refer to yellow perch as jumbo perch or jack perch * tend to fish perch lakes down until their is nothing left. * use a much shorter pole, often made partially of wood for ice fishing - huge quantities of groundbait to attract fish to fishing areas - maggots usually provided by commercial suppliers to catch non-predatory fish - the clams as live bait, and whole clams sometimes survive * using boats can be at risk when it comes to boating and boat safety. * usually use live shad and jigging spoons to catch hybrids and schooling sand bass. * wait for fish. * watch fish.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| angler: American angler * More American anglers pursue largemouth bass than any other freshwater gamefish. + Gulf of Honduras: Gulfs :: Atlantic Ocean * Many American anglers visit the Gulf of Honduras to catch the marlin that abound there. Tourists are often taken on boat trips to the 'Pelican Cays', notably Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Anglerfish * Most anglerfishes live near the sea bottom. * Some anglerfish have aquaria - gallon aquaria * have appearances - fins - tips * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * kill prey. * live in deep water - shallow water * swallow prey. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| anglerfish: Male anglerfish * are much smaller than female anglerfish, and they look a lot less intimidating. * have a very powerful sense of smell, which they use to locate females. Aquarium fish * Most aquarium fish come from the Philippines and Indonesia. * can carry diseases or exotic parasites - occasionally be the source of infectious diseases<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Argentine * are a fusion of diverse national and ethnic groups - people from Argentina - stations - tough negotiators * bony fish * eat more fruit than almost any other group of people in the world. - faces - fishbones - heads - pedal extremities - rib cages + List of Argentines * Argentines are people from Argentina. They are also called 'Argentinians'. They are the citizens of Argentina, or their descendants abroad. Argentina is a multiethnic society, which means that it is home to people of many different ethnic backgrounds. Beluga * Some belugas eat cods. * includes brains - chests - cytoplasm - flippers - sperm - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * move heads. * swim in water. Bigger fish * are usually deeper than smaller ones. * can show up at any time through out the year. * depend on smaller fish for food. * have a greater reproductive potential than smaller ones - tendency to dominate smaller fish * live in bigger rivers. * mean more fish since large fish lay more eggs. Bluefish * Most bluefishes have habits - jaws - lower jaws - sharp teeth * Most bluefishes live for years - in bays * Some bluefishes have point snouts - ranges - kill prey * have feed habits - fish scales - flippers - plasma membranes	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Bony fish * All bony fish have gills and for most species, gills serve as their main organ for respiration - skeletons made of bone * Many bony fishes change color to advertise their readiness to breed - reproduce once a year until they die - spend most of their time lying on the ocean bottom * Most bony fish are neither electrogenic nor electroreceptive - ray-finned * Most bony fish have a swim bladder located beneath the backbone - bladder, which is an internal organ that is filled with air - bony skeletons - external fertilization and external development - lobes - shape vertebrae - sides - stiff skeletons * Most bony fish live in salt water - possess caudal fins - utilize a gas-filled swim bladder for buoyancy * Most bony fishes are oviparous and spawn their eggs for external fertilization - ray-finned fishes - become sexually mature between one and five years * Most bony fishes have a fusiform body shape - more efficient mechanism to bring in water to the gills - single pair of gill openings - mouths at the front end of the head - small home ranges - reach sexual maturity between one and five years * Some bony fish can detect weak electrical fields through pit organs on their heads and faces - develop lungs - feed on crabs * Some bony fish have calcium phosphate - problems - use their swim bladders for breathing air * Some bony fishes are quite specialized for feeding - sexually mature at birth - bear live young that can protect themselves at birth - become sexually mature shortly after birth * Some bony fishes can go long periods without eating - tolerate high salinity levels - display complex mating rituals - have soft, flexible fin rays * Some bony fishes have symbiotic relationships with non-fish species - with nonfish species - lay eggs that drift through the water column * appear to rely on vision more than most cartilaginous fishes. * are fish. * are found in both salt water and fresh water - marine and fresh water * are the largest group of living vertebrates - most numerous and diverse of the vertebrates * comprise the majority of fish in the world except the sharks. * continue the ring breakage by forming allantoic acid. * depend on color vision to detect both rivals and mates. * exist in fresh water, seawater, and brackish environments. * fertilizes either internally or externally. * have a backbone and a skeleton made of bones - gas filled swim bladder that they use to control bouyancy - hard, bony skeleton - operculum or gill cover that pumps water across their gills - chloride cells, that filter the salts balance - gills that collect dissolved oxygen from the water - separate incurrent and excurrent nostril openings * inhabit almost every body of water. * is fish - waters around the world * maintain levels. * posses swim- bladders which are filled up with gas or air. - otoliths * reproduce sexually. * secrete a layer of mucus that covers the entire body. * share many characteristics, as indicated in the following illustration. * show various degrees of fin fusion and reduction. * use a swim bladder to maintain neutral buoyancy. + Electric fish: Fish * An 'Electric fish' is a fish that can make electric fields. Fishes that can generate such fields are said to be 'electrogenic', those that can detect them are called 'electroreceptive'. Most electrogenic fish are also electroreceptive. Many fish, for example sharks, rays, and catfishes are electroreceptive. They cannot generate electric fields though, and are therefore not classified as electric fish. Most bony fish are neither electrogenic nor electroreceptive.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Alewife * Alewives also are a popular bait fish for recreational anglers and commercial fishermen * Alewives are also invader species which compete with native fish for food and habitat - an important food for larger game fish - important to the ecology of the freshwater, estuarine, and marine environment - the main forage fish for salmon and lake trout - compete for food with baitfish and young game fish such as yellow perch, bass and trout - have a short jaw that juts out when the mouth is closed - historically migrate to freshwater to spawn in rivers and streams - live for about six or seven years and usually begin to reproduce at about two years of age - often die in great numbers in early summer - provide revenues to the towns that lease the fishing privileges to fishermen - spawn in fresh water and head downstream in early autumn - swim in dense schools and have been the major prey of the Lake Michigan's trout and salmon - part of alewifes - the major food source for Lake Michigan's thriving salmon and trout fishery Angler fish * Most angler fish have bones - diets - heads - massive heads * Most angler fish live in deep sea - use dorsal fins * bony fish - particularly unusual adaptations and life cycles - vary diets Barracuda * prefer bright colored lures such as hot pink and orange and yellow. * tend to follow divers around the reef. Black bass * are active in the spring, summer, and early fall in the main lake - in the shallows, hitting floating worms - near the overhangs of brush * can be quirky, but several lakes are famous for surface-schooling action. * catchall term to discribe largemouth and smallmouth bass.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| black bass: Smallmouth bass * Most smallmouth bass has large mouths - tails - is part of smallmouths - spend the dog days of summer in relatively deep water * abound all along the rocky shorelines of the many islands. * are a part of the sunfish family - popular recreational species in the United States - sleeper fishery for anglers at Union Valley * are also fat and sassy and are bulking up for the winter months - present in the south Island * are back up on the chunk rock points and banks in the creeks and on the main lake - pea rock points and transition banks - considerably different than largemouth * are good on Carolina rigged plastic worms and lizards just off the rocks - jerkbaits and Carolina-rigged minnows on main lake points - shad-colored spinnerbaits and jerkbaits - spinner and crankbaits on rocky shorelines close to deep water - great fun in pond management - in the same areas as the walleyes and biting on the same live baits - known for that - members of the sunfish family * are more common in cooler, faster-moving waters like streams and rivers - synonymous with lesser rivers than any other freshwater species - most likely in deeper water when the sun is shining - noted for feeding on crayfish - nowhere to be found - omnivorous in the food items that they consume - one of the most predictable fish that swims - opportunistic feeders - present and do receive some angling pressure - slow on shad-colored spinnerbaits and jerkbaits on main lake points - still on the pea rock points and flats although most of the fish are small - top carnivores and predators * cruise the rocky areas. * do best in cooler, highly oxygenated water - well in rivers and streams, but also adapt readily to many lakes * eat insects, frogs, crayfish, and fish - primarily crayfish throughout their lives * feed mostly during the daytime hours, with the highest actively at dawn and dusk. * grow larger in lakes than in streams - to five inches in their first growing season * have a reputation for jumping and leaping out of the water during the fight. * is black bass * look similar to their close cousin, the largemouth. * occupies habitats. * prefer clear, calm waters and seek out areas with gravel, rubble, or rocky bottoms. * prefer to live in clear, calm water with rocky bottoms and places to hide - cover where they can find protection from the light * provide another fishery that is almost completely overlooked by anglers - quality fishing when action is slow for other species - same fast action in some remote areas * relate to river structure in much the same way as the wild Delaware River rainbows. * remain active in the mornings on pea rock banks and chunk rock channel swings. * tend to be home bodies.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Blenny * Blennies are a group of shallow-water marine fish often confused with gobies - bottom-dwellers, swimming just far enough to arrive at the next perch on the reef - generally small fish - mostly small, usually marine fishes found from tropical to cold seas - eat mainly zooplankton, including isopods and amphipods - swim with an undulating snake-like motion * Many blennies live in littoral zones. * Most blennies lack a swim bladder and therefore stay near the bottom of the tank - take up refuge in small holes in the ocean floor or in empty shells and bottles * bony fish + Blenny: Perciformes * Blennies are generally small fish. Their dorsal fins are continuous and long. The pelvic fins have a single embedded spine, and are short and slender. The tail fin is rounded. Blue cat * are one of the largest freshwater species of catfish. * feed at any time of the day or night. * have the same feeding habits as channel catfish.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Blue catfish * are a more aggressive fish predator that generally inhabits the open water - channel catfishs - excellent food for humans when they're caught in clear waters - good on cut baits and shad * can grow larger and eat some of the smaller fish in the pond - quite large * dominate the fishery. * have a forked tail, and are sometimes very similar to channel catfish. Bonito * are strong, fast fish with keen eyesight and require a minimum of tackle. * have large conical teeth on both the upper and lower jaw. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| bonito: Skipjack * are also shorter lived, with a lifespan of two to three years - bonitos - the last working boats under sail in the United States * is the most popular tuna for consumption - smallest tuna canned * occur worldwide in warm seas. Bowfin * are considered transitional fishes, developed somewhere between gars and bony fishes - spring spawners * feed on all sorts of aquatic animals-crustaceans, adult insects and larvae, and small fish. Bream * All bream are catfish. * accept pellet fish food. * are freshwater fish - saltwater fish * become less active and speckled enter the picture as days get shorter and cooler. * take crickets, worms, and artificial lures. * tend to drop back into the bottom to the closest channel as each cold front passes.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| bream: Bluegill * Some bluegills begin spawning in their first year. * also like to find shelter among water plants and in the shade of trees along banks. * are FAIR on wax worms or crickets in most lakes - FAIR-GOOD crickets or wax worms on in beds * are GOOD near beds in backs of coves - on crickets or worms near beds * are GOOD on wax worms near shore - waxworms at shore cover - a member of the sunfish family - also active - generally carnivorous - gregarious and tend to move in groups - in slack water, fish there before the wall - present and are small - shallow, but some real monster gills are in deep water * average four to ten inches in length. * do best in clear ponds with vegetation. * feed mainly on aquatic insects, which are slow-moving creatures - primarily on insects, both aquatic and terrestrial * feeding on larger clearer lakes tends to peak during low light periods. * frequent the same areas, looking for terrestrial insects. * grow more rapidly in southern Indiana ponds than northern Indiana ponds. * have an olive to bronze back, with blue and orange sides - small mouths and an oval shaped body - some of the best eyesight of all fish, and have good color vision * inhabit quiet and moderately weedy lakes, ponds, bays, and slow moving streams. * like to build their nests around other bluegill nests. * occur throughout the lake. * often nest in colonies with nests sometimes right next to each other - produce more young than the pond can support * prefer pools in streams, lakes, and ponds - slow-moving or standing water with aquatic vegetation or flooded timber - smaller baits after ponds and lakes are frozen - the quiet, weedy waters where they can hide and feed - to eat insects but they also sometimes feed on small fish * seem to have benefitted from the higher winter pool. * start spawning. * suspend over expansive flats while foraging on zooplankton. * use crickets or worms along steep banks or in standing timber. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| bream \| bluegill: Hybrid bluegill * are a cross between bluegill and green sunfish - very attractive and do well in aquariums * grow up to three times faster than bluegill. * have a large mouth and train readily to commercial fish feed. Male bluegill * build and guard nests in shallow water near stumps and logs. * guarding nests are woefully easy to catch.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Bullhead catfish * are also fairly abundant throughout the lake. * have the wrong metabolic system and are the most susceptible to cancerous tumours. Butterfly fish * All butterfly fish have flexible, comb-like teeth and feed in a variety of ways. * Most butterfly fish eat anemones. * are carnivorous, feeding on crabs, barnacles, and other invertebrates - commonly colored yellow, with white and black stripes and patterns - egg-layers, and the eggs develop free in the water without parental care ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| butterfly fish: Angelfish * Many angelfish have different coloration as juveniles than they do as adults. * are brightly coloured fishes and they are very curious creatures - located in aquariums * differ from Butterflyfishes in having a large spine on the preopercle. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| butterfly fish \| angelfish: Freshwater angelfish * are one of the most beautiful varieties of freshwater aquarium fish. * tend to lay their eggs on a flat leaf or an underwater log. Butterflyfish * are secondary consumers in the ocean's food web. * pick at individual coral polyps. Channel cat * are in shallow spawning areas in the spring - keen scavengers - the most abundant, but yellow cats are also present * feed around the clock, but they're most active after sundown. * have a forked tail like their cousin the blue cat. * play an important role as a food fish in the United States. * thrive in lakes and rivers.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Channel catfish * Most channel catfishes live in water. * are abundant and are distributed over a wide size range - throughout Florida, spawning in holes and crevices in flowing water - also plentiful - catfishs - extremely abundant * are good on minnows - stink bait - trotlines and rod and reels baited with shad - less hardy than bullheads or carp - most active just before sunrise and sunset - omnivorous generally feeding along the bottom - present in good numbers with an occasional flathead showing up * are the most common catfish species - popular freshwater food fish - thick and biting well on clam snouts, nightcrawlers and live minnows - very good to eat - within casting distance from shore at night * avoid nets at harvest time, so the harvest takes longer and requires more effort. * behave quite differently. * can withstand low oxygen levels for short periods by breathing at the surface. * have excellent feed conversion ratios. * possess very keen senses of smell and taste. * remain the most abundant game fish - third most abundant species Chub * feed primarily on insects and aquatic plants. * have their own social clubs. * ' is gay slang for a hugely overweight gay man. Chubs have their own social clubs. They have their own beauty pageants and other fun things to do. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| chub: Lake chub * are mostly carnivorous, feeding on aquatic insects and small crustaceans. * can be extremely abundant in good habitat and often form large schools. River chub * are stubby looking minnows with small eyes. * live in large gravel or rocky bottomed creeks with clear water. * spawn on gravel riffles where they construct large circular nests.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Cichlid * All cichlids practise some form of parental care. * Many Cichlids are very beautiful and exhibit unique morphology - cichlids are great jumpers too * Most cichlids build nests for their young, but some species carry the eggs in their mouths - have a classical fish shape * Some cichlids eat snails - require, even demand, aquatic plants as an integral part of the environment * are an extremely diverse family of fishes, most of which are found in rift lakes in Africa - famous for their speciation in East African lakes - highly diverse in maximum size, coloration, behavior, and ecology * are popular aquarium fish - in the aquarium hobby for a four reason - small bony fish whose mouth parts have evolved to suit their different eating patterns - somewhat perchlike, but have a single nostril on each side instead of two * can regenerate their teeth throughout their lifetime. * come in a surprising diversity of shapes, sizes and colours. * derive their popularity mainly from the care they bestow on their offspring. * differ in size, body shape, coloration, and breeding habits. * fight for a reason. * have a varied behaviour and are established study objects of ethologists. * inhabit the warm rivers and lakes of South America and Africa. * like to eat - there's two ways about it. * make a great addition to any fish tank, but can become very territorial and aggressive - good tank mates * offer the color and beauty of saltwater fish without the expense and hassle. * show polychromatism in other water systems as well. * software toolkit that facilitates real-time visualization of remote data sets. * use color to recognize mates of the correct species. * usually make very much dirt and the filter has to work very well. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| cichlid: African cichlid * Many African cichlids guard their babies until they spawn again. * Most African cichlids are mouth brooders. * are very territorial and it is difficult to breed multiple species in one tank. * love the larvae and the emerging midges - to eat the eyeballs out of the common plecos Cobia * are one of very few fishes found around the world in tropic and warm temperate seas - very streamlined, with a flat head * can grow large. * has to rate among the very best in taste and texture of flesh. * have a brown back and sides of alternating light and dark lateral stripes - brown backs, a darker stripe extending the length of their sides, and are white beneath * is an all year round catch.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Crappie * are abundant but grow slowly - near fallen trees and other brush and are biting on small jigs tipped with minnows - part of crappies - silvery sunfish often used to stock small ponds - thick in the submerged brush and timber, and suspended over the creek channels - very popular sun fish that are found throughout the United States * naturally inhabit streams but are most important as a sport fish in lakes. * remain active near shallow culverts and bridges on Madison Lake. * respond to deep holes based on food location and climatic conditions. * seem to prefer waxies during the day and minnows at dusk and after sundown. * tend to reside in deeper staging areas than do sunfish. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| crappie: Black crappie * are crappies - silver-olive with numerous black or green splotches on the sides - the only panfish with a size and creel limit * thrive in clear, natural lakes and reservoirs with moderate vegetation. White crappie * are common in Horseshoe Lake - warm water lakes and rivers throughout the state * come up shallow to spawn and prefer stained water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Croaker * are luminescent and appear pink when first removed from the water - mixed with the whiting in some areas, usually in the wash near shore - part of croakers - saltwater fish * favorite big trout bait along the coast. * is the species found in the largest numbers in the nekton screens. * remain abundant on both the bayside and seaside - reasonably abundant but are much smaller in size Cyprinid * Many cyprinids are herbivorous, feeding on plants or algae. * Most cyprinids are silvery to tan fishes of medium size, although many exceed two feet in length. * are nocturnal and attracted to luminescent lures, especially on cloudy or moonless nights.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| dogfish: Spiny dogfish * are benthopelagic , meaning that they are found just above the bottom of the ocean * can be fairly common, too. * have two spines, one in front of each dorsal fin, and lack an anal fin. * migrate seasonally, preferring water within a certain temperature range. + Spiny dogfish shark, Habitat: Sharks * Spiny dogfish are benthopelagic, meaning that they are found just above the bottom of the ocean. They are found from the surface to depths as deep as 1,460 metres. They are often found in enclosed bays and estuaries. They have been reported to enter freshwater but cannot survive there for more than a few hours.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Electric eel * Most electric eels absorb oxygen. * Most electric eels have gills - organs - respiratory organs * Most electric eels live in dark water - muddy water * Some electric eels have electricity - senses - produce voltage * absorb oxygen through their mouths, which are rich in veins and arteries * are eels - extremely common throughout their range - fish capabale of generating an electrical field - freshwater fish * can fatally electrocute a horse. * generate enough voltage to give a serious shock. * have a defense that no non-human predator can circumvent - muddy waters * produce two kinds of electric discharges. * tend to live in muddy beds in calm water, eating fish and small mammals - murky, muddy waters and usually live with poor eyesight * use their charge for defense and feeding purposes. * work like batteries. + Electric fish: Fish Flashlight fish * are the brightest of bioluminescent creatures. * have their own light source. Hake * are abundant continental slope fish and common foragers at seep communities - swift, carnivorous fishes and, though rather soft-fleshed, are used as food * feed on shrimp, squid, and even other hakes. * live in most coastal areas of the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| hake: Silver hake * are hakes - important fish predators that also feed on shrimp and squid - iridescent gray brown above, fading to a silvery shade below - strong, swift swimmers and voracious feeders * is usually a bycatch of anglers who are fishing for cod or haddock. Lingcod * are highly susceptible to overfishing - most vulnerable to predation during the egg and larval life stages - slow growers, especially large lady lings - unique to the west coast of North America - voracious predators * begin life in near-surface marine waters and estuarine areas. * continue to protect their nests from predation, and lingcod fishing remains closed. * feed primarily on smaller fishes. * tend to lay in the upside of current flow over rocks.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Lionfish * also are believed to pose high risks to the local reef communities - possess an equally evolved defence mechanism * ambush their prey, and often herd fish, shrimp, or crab into a corner before swallowing. * are actually posionous fish, and their sting can be very painful - found in the South Pacific Ocean - now one of the top predators in many coral reef environments of the Atlantic * have a keen interest in small marine animal life, all of which they regard as lunch - cycloid scales * live at coral reefs near islands in the Pacific Ocean - in the warm waters of coral reefs around the world Marlin * are fish. * have their bills removed and the larger fish are halved crosswise to display their flesh.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Minnow * Many minnows reproduce in groups. * also have scaleless heads. * are also tough to keep alive during the summer - excellent mosquito larva eaters - extremely adaptable and thrive in many different habitats - good-sized food for young, which also eat insects occasionally - important food items for other fish species in most of the state's waters - polyandrous and true cuckoos are the same, the female doing all the courting - preferred bait for walleye - probably the most misunderstood of all fishes - small fish that can be seen darting around in streams that are only a few feet wide * are the best baits to use for smallmouth and walleye - most abundant of British freshwater fishes * become nocturnal at low temperatures. * belong to a group of fish that has the most diversity of any group of vertebrates. * can acclimate to total residual chlorine. * come by spontaneous generation. * die when concrete hardens. * is fish. Mojarra * are important forage fish which are preyed upon by a variety of larger fish species. * bony fish Mola * are a delicacy in Asia - cloth patterns of birds and fish etc that are stitched into layers - layers of colorful cotton fabric - part of the oceanic sunfish family - well adapted to eat jellyfish * eat jellyfishes, but are also know to feed on other fishes and algae. * have a reduced skeleton, with fewer vertebrae than any other fish. * usually represent different aspects of nature, frequently animal life.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Mudskipper * Some mudskippers have their gill mophology totally modified to adapt for aerial survival. * October 21, 2004. Because they are amphibious, they are, unlike most fish, adapted to intertidal habitats. These are places where the tide of the ocean comes in and out. Most fish that live in these habitats hide under wet seaweed or in tidal pools to not get pulled away when the tide goes out. Mudskippers are active when they are out of the water. They eat and interact with each other. For example, they defend their territories. - different from their relatives , the gobies , in many ways - gobies that have become adapted to an amphibious lifestyle - one of the few animals which are restricted to mangrove environments - territorial when mature * feed on insects, algae, and organic detritus. * use their fins as rudimentary legs. + Mudskipper, Adaptations: Perciformes * Mudskippers are different from their relatives, the gobies, in many ways. Gobies live only in the, which means they live both on land and in water. They have made many adaptations to live on the land. Mummichog * are avid spawn-eaters - small fish, which serve as food for many larger fish * can live several months to more than a year. Parrotfish * are daytime creatures * consume complete parts of deceased and live coral. * get their names from their parrot-like mouths. * have strong teeth that resemble a parrot s bill. * often move around in large schools. * produce tons of coral reef sand each year. Porcupine fish * are relatively slow fish. * have strange looking fishes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Puffer * Most puffers live in warm, tropical oceans. * Some puffers also have an additional line of defence of spines which cover their bodies - live in brackish and fresh water * are classified as fin nippers - generally very hardy fish, and relatively simple to care for - sensitive to organic waste build-up in the water - smooth skinned while Porcupines have the characteristic spines or quills * can be picky eaters - live for several years, and grow to the sizes listed in the table above - therefore store high concentrations of tetrodotoxin in various organs quite safely * have a unique and comical way of swimming. * is an albino, and is therefore off white all over and has pink eyes. * produce a toxin in the skin and viscera. * tend to be aggressive and usually do best kept alone. + Pufferfish: Edible fish Pufferfish * Some pufferfish can be poisonous. * comprise another group of inflatable fishes. * have two teeth on both the upper and lower jaws. * inflate themselves by taking in amounts of water.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Pumpkinseed * are a vital intermediate link in the food chain - common in lakes and ponds and tend to become overpopulated - considered a pest in many areas where they have been introduced - deep-bodied and laterally compressed - the most abundant and widespread species of sunfish in New York State - very similar to the bluegill , and are often found in the same habitats * cause no known negative economic impact. * feed on a variety of organisms.from snails to small fish to insects - small food both at the surface of the water and at the bottom * have little economic importance - similar feeding habits to other true sunfish * inhabit dense vegetation to remain hidden from predators. * populate many lakes and ponds, which are used by humans. * tend to remain active throughout the day. Rock bass * Most rock bass has red eyes. * are abundant in most of New York State's large rivers. * are generally carnivorous - dull-looking fish - popular with many New York State anglers - small to medium sized sunfish, reaching six to ten inches in length * build nests by scooping out depressions in gravel or sand beds. * has eyes * like to spawn on gravel or sandy substrates. Sailfish * appear outside the reef. * are coastal fish that are caught along the deep edges of reefs - dark blue on the back with a white or silvery underside * live in ocean waters throughout much of the world - warm seas around the world<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Salmonid * Many salmonids have a dual life. * are especially sensitive to stream temperatures in summer months - particularly susceptible, especially at the juvenile stage - salmon, trout and chars, e.g. bull trout - very active fish and they require lots of oxygen * can become food for larger fish and animals like tuna, seals, dolphins and whales. * find fresh, drifting eggs, to be irresistable. * require a lot of clean, loose gravel. * tend to prefer cool temperatures, and they can be found even in the Arctic Ocean. * use two forms of cover, overhead and submerged. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| salmonid: Young salmonid * are the most vulnerable. * stay close to the coastline when they first reach the sea. Sand eel * feed on copepods which are zooplankton. * prefer clean fine sand which permits a quick retreat from predators. Scorpion fish * Most scorpion fishes live on or near the bottom. * are perch like fish with large, spiny heads and strong, sometimes venomous fin spines. * like to sit around on the reef pretending to be rocks. * live mainly in the reefs in the Pacific and Indian oceans. * produce a floating, gelatinous mass in which the eggs are embedded.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Scorpionfish * Some scorpionfishes can change their color to better match their surroundings. * are bottom-living predators, lying on rocky and sandy bottoms. * have a reddish to brownish color and are mottled. * have large, heavily ridged and spined heads - heads and venomous spines on their back and fins Sculpin * also feed on herring eggbeds. * are slow, bottom-dwelling fish that feed primarily on crabs, snails, and small fish. * eat small fish, crabs, shrimp and fish eggs. * have no scales. * use a homing behavior to find their home pools when the tide goes out. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| sculpin: Bullhead * are catfishs - dominant but some northern pike, panfish, and yellow perch are also present - fairly large and abundant - mostly bottom dwellers - omnivorous, feeding on invertebrates and vegetation and some small fish - sculpins - somewhat smaller, square-tailed catfish found throughout Florida * tolerate pollution and common fish toxicants better then other fish. * usually bite in two ways. Mottled sculpin * are benthic fish that normally feed at night, when vision is severely restricted. * breed in early spring. * have a wide but discontinuous distribution. Sea horse * All sea horses use their pelvic and pectoral fins for steering. * are a beautiful and graceful animal - very small fish * mate for life and are reluctant to accept a new mate after losing the existing one. Sea snail * Most sea snails have a lid-like part, called an operculum, which serves to close the entrance - show variation * Most sea snails survive conditions - harsh conditions * show quite a wide variation in life cycles Silverside * are important as commercial baitfish and as a natural food for larger predatory species. * feed on small crustaceans, polychaete worms, and algae. Stargazer * are fish - people who watch the night sky * bony fish * say light pollution is ruining the night sky. * see by their own inner light. * spend much of their time in contemplation in dark and lonely places. * travel to remote locations to witness eclipses and other astronomical phenomena.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| stargazer: Astrophysicist * are astronomers. * believe they are cooked up in the jet by superfast particles. * do it with large objects - telescopes * generally agree that black holes exist. * know that eight times as much dark matter exists in the universe. * now state that extra dimensions of space and time exist. * regard white dwarfs as a class of dying stars. * seek to understand the universe and our place in it. * spend a great deal of time studying the properties of light. * start giving more attention to the smallest of astronomical bodies - dust particles. * study the physics of the universe. * use physics to explain what astronomers find and see. * value it as the true measure of energy emission as seen from the location of Earth. + Astrophysics * Astrophysics' is the study of how stars and planets work, and how we can learn about them. Astrophysicists use physics to explain what astronomers find and see.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| stargazer: Cosmologist * Most cosmologist now agree on a theory of the creation and evolution of our solar system. * Most cosmologists agree that the universe is evolving - believe that knowing which geometry is the most correct is important * actually run computer simulations to track how matter collects into valleys. - loath to include a cosmological constant in their equations * ask if the universe is 'open' or 'closed'. * can hold almost any faith, or none. * consider the cosmological constant the factor behind the accelerating force. * continue to search for the missing mass, with both theory and observation. * do it with large inflationary periods. * generally agree that our universe is spatially finite. * look at the universe as a whole - to the total amount of matter in the universe * now have a full understanding of how galaxies form. * often work with a given space-like slice of spacetime called the comoving coordinates. * prefer another definition of 'universe' based on physics. * think they've dated the moment of creation. * usually assume that matter is spread uniformly across space. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| stargazer \| cosmologist: Modern cosmologist * continue to debate the ultimate fate of our universe. * leave a niche in their models for an intelligent observer.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Sturgeon * also have the longest lifespan and have been known to live a century and a half. * are a northern hemisphere fish - unique and valuable resource, both biologically and economically - also valuable for their roe which is sold as caviar - anadromous - big fish, so it takes a hefty rod and reel - bottom feeders, eating primarily insects and small crustaceans - cartilaginous, so there is No danger of choking on a bone - large, primative looking fish - much more primative than catfish - mysterious bottom dwellers and it is difficult to determine their numbers - no longer important commercially, however, because of their scarcity - one of the oldest living types of bony fish - primarily bottom feeders and eat just about any dead fish that they can find - prolific breeders - relatively slow growing fish - shark-like in form but are unique in having five rows of bony plates along the body - terminal carnivores * are the largest fresh water fish on Earth - most common fish along the bottom, but there are lots of others to see * can live as long as humans, although little is known about their life cycles - really get a fix on food, and if they're in that hole, they'll find the food * deposit their large, sticky eggs on hard surfaces. * have an elongated body and head and a sharklike upper lobe of the tail fin - unerring survival instinct - no bones or teeth * is by far the most commercially valuable fish - considered an especially holy fish - protected under both United States law and international treaties - the fish of choice for premium caviar * legendary figure in science fiction. * like to stay in deep water. * live only in the Northern Hemisphere. * migrate up rivers to spawn. * represent an important source of foreign capital for Azerbaijan. * seem to jump mostly prior to an electrical storm. + Dabry's sturgeon: Ray-finned fish * Sturgeon are anadromous. This means they spawn in fresh water and migrate to salt water to mature. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| sturgeon: Atlantic sturgeon * are an anadromous fish that can be found in ocean waters. * continue to be a valued commercial fish, however. * is sturgeon. * make their way into the rivers in the late spring and up to early fall. * mature very slowly.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| sturgeon: Lake sturgeon * are a Vermont-listed endangered species - some of the longest-lived and slowest to mature freshwater fish species * grow larger and live longer than any other fish in Wisconsin. * have no scales, but numerous bony plates on the back, sides, and belly - sharp, cone-shaped mouths with four smooth barbels on the underside Swordtail * are compact livebearers from southern Mexico and Guatemala - livebearers like guppies, mollies, and platies * take a long time to grow out to maturity. Tarpon * All tarpon have the long fin ray extending from the dorsal fin area. * are thick and fast-moving and powerful. * breed offshore in warm, isolated areas. * commonly ascend rivers into freshwater. * possess shiny, silvery scales that cover most of their bodies, excluding the head. Teleost * have a movable jaw and changes in the jaw muscles. * possess a gelatinous otolithic membrane in the saccule which supports a single otolith. * have a movable jaw and changes in the jaw muscles. These changes make it possible for them to protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. Tetra * are companies - easy to care for and are ideal for aquariums because of their communal nature * bony fish Topminnow * are able to exist in a broad range of habitats. * have specialized mouths adapted for feeding on the surface.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: White perch * are active throughout the lake on worms and crickets - catch and keep - considered a delectable game fish - deep bodied fish with small pointed teeth - especially easy to catch in the spring during spawning * are important to humans as a source of food and recreational fishing - their ecosystem both as predators and as prey - prolific breeders - taken in nearly all types of fishing gear typically used on the Bay - tasty fish with white, flaky flesh * are the junkyard dogs of the fish community - only prey species whose abundance has increased in recent years * close relative of striped bass. * live in the Bay year-round and are never found in the ocean. * prefer a diet of small fish, insects and other invertebrates.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish: Wrasse * Most wrasses are capable of female to male sex change - swim using the pectoral fins, dragging the tail behind * are active during the day, feeding upon a variety of small animals, detritus, and algae - primarily predatory fish - sex changers * can put their jaws forwards , usually with separate jaw teeth that jut outwards. * enter the mouth and gill openings and remove any ectoparasites and diseased tissue. * have protractile mouths , usually with separate jaw teeth that jut outwards - very small scales and the head is normally scaleless * live in harems consisting of many females and a single male. * possess a smooth, compressed, elongate body with a pointed snout. + Wrasse, Feeding methods: Perciformes ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| bony fish \| wrasse: Tautog * are also suckers for crabs at many of the jetties and bridges during the month. * feed on mostly mussels, clams and crabs. * still linger on the inshore ocean wrecks, though sea bass are more plentiful. Bottom fish * live at the base of a kelp forest. * require a long time to breed, are fished heavily year-round, and reproduce slowly. Canned fish * mashed without the bones good source of protein. * provides more calcium than fresh-cooked fish.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Carp * adapt better than most fish species to pollution caused by sewage or agricultural run-off. * are able to tolerate poorer water quality conditions than more desirable fish - notorious for stirring up phosphorous on the bottom of area lakes - often consider stupid and easy to catch - omnivores, which means they eat plants and animals - omnivorous feeders, taking both vegetable and animal matter in their diet - omnivorous, meaning the eat about any type of plant and animal mater - strong, hard-fighting fish with an uncanny ability to find snags - very hardy fish and are also omnivorous - wild creatures - they have an instinctive fear of alien shapes, shadows and noises * do forage on the same food items that sport species do. * eat clams, zooplankton, insects, crawfish and plants - plant and animal material which they stir up by rooting around in the bottom mud * fill our minds and govern our emotions. * have no adipose fin, which leaves their undersides unattractively blank - scales and are natures garbage disposals for ponds and lakes * prefer shallow waters with dense macrophyte cover - the slower water and requires less oxygen * provide sport in the dog days of summer. * segregate into groups in the shallows to spawn. * tolerate lower oxygen levels, warmer water, and some chemical pollutants better than bass.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Cartilaginous fish * All cartilaginous fishes are carnivores. * Many cartilaginous fish have powerful jaws. * Most cartilaginous fish have bones - cartilage bones - cartilages - fins - flexible skeletons - organs - sense organs * are fish. * have a skeleton that is made of cartilage instead of bone - rows of teeth that grow throughout life - skeletons made of cartilage * includes the sharks , skates and rays. * is fish * reproduce partly oviparous, partly viviparous. * use urea to elevate the osmotic concentration of their tissues. Catadromous fish * have a migratory pattern opposite that of salmon. * live in freshwater, but travel to the high-salinity ocean waters to spawn. * migrate from freshwater environments to the ocean to spawn. Cave fish * are long and skinny. * provide a model system for exploring the genetic basis of regressive evolution.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Chimaera * are almost scaleless, with a body resembling a rat - formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together * have smooth skin that lacks scales. + Chimaera (genetics): Developmental biology :: Biological reproduction * If the different cells have come from the 'same' zygote, the organism is called a mosaic. Chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together. Each population of cells keeps its own character and the resulting organism is a mixture of tissues. Chimaeras are typically seen in animals. Cleaner fish * cause predators to reduce aggression toward bystanders at cleaning stations. * drives local fish diversity on coral reefs.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Clown fish * All clown fish are born male and develop female reproductive organs when needed * Most clown fish develop female organs * Most clown fish eat anemones - grow to size * Most clown fish have bright orange skin * Some clown fish have stripes. * are an example of a bony fish - between two and five inches long - omnivorous animals meaning that they eat both plants and animals - popular tropical aquarium fishes * are the inhabitants of tropical, subtropical and coastal waters including Mediterranean - most likely to host in a carpet anemone as compared to all other anemones * eat a wide range of food such as algae, plankton, molluscs and small crustaceans * find most of their food by mooching off the anemone. - hearts * live in anemones and plants and they are poisonous to surrounding fish - on the ocean floor * use the sea anemone for shelter.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Coelacanth * Most coelacanths have fins * Most coelacanths live in deep water - reach adulthood * Some coelacanths have ability - air - basic patterns - craniums - evidence - growth - lobes - many similarity - slow growth - inhabit shallow water * are as much affected by evolution as finches, ferns and flying lemurs - close to the ancestor of four-legs animals - difficult to classify - lobe-finned fish, with rounded heads and eight fins - nocturnal - oportunistic feeders, scarfing up prey probably on or near the bottom - quite different from all other living fishes - unchanging forms that show no evidence of evolution * comprise one of the two groups of lobe-finned fish. * display dark, mottled scales and their lifespan is unknown. * feed on smaller fish. * give birth to live young. * have a delicate metabolism - rostral organ in their snouts that is part of an electrosensory system - unique form of locomotion - an electric sense - fleshy lobes on their fins, which are absent on most present day fish - thick bony scales like extinct fish species * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * live in deep oceans * possess organs. * resemble the proposed ancestors of amphibians. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| coelacanth: Live coelacanth * Most live coelacanths live in deep water * Some live coelacanths have many similarity Colorful fish * are abundant, as are moray eels and small stingrays. * inhabit the reef. Common carp * are fish - prolific spawners and can quickly overrun a body of water * reproduce quite successfully in ponds. Coney * Some coneys feed on fish - small fish - cell membranes - chests - faces - fishbones - heads - sea bass * sun themselves on the rocks next to the cactus. Conger * Most congers have skin. * Some congers have gonads - mature gonads * are predators but they are virtually blind, hunting by smell, usually at night - scaleless eels with large heads, large gill slits, wide mouths, and strong teeth - chest cavities - corpi - cytoplasm - sperm - tail fins * is an eel * live mainly in rocky coastal waters and are voracious predators. * use to have circular scares in the head, caused by their favourite preys, the squids. Dead fish * Most dead fish find in ponds. * Some dead fish find in rivers. * are capable of floats - located in beachs - omens of disappointment or discouragement * can attract sharks - decay in just days, creating a spike in ammonia and nitrite * wash up on beaches around Texas and Florida. + Shark, Avoiding sharks * Do not carry dead fish into the water. Dead fish can attract sharks. Diseased fish * affect populations of fish-eating birds. * refuse food and gather near the surface of the water. Dragon fish * see using chlorophyll. * trade name to help it sell. Elasmobranch * All elasmobranchs have interenal fertilization. * are cartilaginous fish. * have high degree of evolutionary flexibility in reproductive mode. * is fish * possess a unique salt secreting gland, the rectal gland. * represent the earliest phylogenetic appearance of a clearly defined thymus. Electric fish * Some electric fish live in the ocean and some live in freshwater rivers of South America and Africa. * generate weak electric fields as communication signals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Electrogenic fish * Most electrogenic fish are also electroreceptive. * have a special organ that can generate electricity. + Electric fish, Strongly and weakly electric fish * Electrogenic fish have a special organ that can generate electricity. This organ is usually called electric organ. It is usually located near the tail of the fish. It is made from specialised muscle or nerve cells - fish: Fish * An 'Electric fish' is a fish that can make electric fields. Fishes that can generate such fields are said to be 'electrogenic', those that can detect them are called 'electroreceptive'. Most electrogenic fish are also electroreceptive. Many fish, for example sharks, rays, and catfishes are electroreceptive. They cannot generate electric fields though, and are therefore not classified as electric fish. Most bony fish are neither electrogenic nor electroreceptive Fat fish * can tolderate dryer cooking methods such as broiling or baking. * includes varieties such as mullet, mackerel, trout, tuna and salmon. Fatty fish * are tuna, salmon, mackerel, and swordfish. * contain plenty of both substances. * have benefits - other benefits * is considered to be best when broiled, baked, or put on the charcoal grill. Female fish * Some female fish change into males in response to local sex ratio or social cues. * are slightly bigger, plumper at the belly, and more silvery - larger than males in fish of the same age * contain spawn in egg skeins. * grow faster and larger than males - larger and faster, and live longer than males * have two equally sized holes. * lay hundreds, or even millions, of eggs. * produce an average of five to six hundred thousand eggs. * tend to live longer lives than male fish. Few fish * are more aggressive feeders than sea bass. * live beyond the fourth year - through the third winter * remain in some of our oceans. Fingerling * are about three inches six months after hatching - typically about the size of fingers - usually more susceptible to vibriosis than advanced fish - wild-caught from the coastal region * feed almost exclusively on crustaceans. * hatch and grow with no parental supervision. * is fish Fish farming * causes damage to the environment in a variety of ways. * improves the soil and rationally uses the land to produce more rice. * is big business in many areas of the world including China and the United States. * is the third largest point source of nutrients after forest industry and communities - world's fastest growing sector of aquaculture businesses * reduces the depletion of natural populations due to fishing. Fish fish * Fish Fish are the ultimate aquatic organism - vertebrates, usually cold-blooded * Fish Fish live in the water and breathe with gills - water all the time - Fishes live only in water Flat fish * All flat fishes begin life swimming upright and with eyes on both sides of the body. * live on the sea-bed, e.g. plaice.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Flounder * Most flounder has body shapes - lifespans * Some flounder eats shrimp. * are a group of flatfish species - tidal species, which means that they live in rivers and bays for most of their life - essentially deep-bodied fish which live with one side on the bottom - exposed to two major environmental gradients in European waters - popular sportfish and food fish throughout their range * consumes prey. * even tolerate freshened water normally found in river-fed estuaries. * feed on crustaceans, small fish, worms, and squid and are usually caught on the bottom - worms, crustaceans, and other small bottom invertebrates * follow baitfish, looking for opportunities to strike. * have both eyes on one side, and they swim on their sides - one of the lowest survival rates in the sea * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * is books - located in oceans * lives for years. * takes bait - live bait ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| flounder: Female flounder * are larger than male flounder of the same age. * live longer and reach a larger size than the males. Gulf flounder * Most gulf flounder has lifespans. * seem to prefer sandy bottoms, and typically stay further offshore as adults. Turbot * are fish - flatfishs - part of turbots * is flounder * kind of expensive flatfish that is sold well in Europe market. * very high end, firm, white fleshed fish farm-raised in Chile. Food fish * Food Fish make up the greatest portion of the otter's diet. * is fish * major pathway of exposure for birds.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| food fish: Sea bass * Some sea bass is part of coneys - hinds * can help to prevent heart disease and lower cholesterol and blood pressure. * has such a good flavour that it requires only simple cooking. * is best in the winter months and can be found whole, as steaks or as fillets - found in salty and brackish waters - part of sea bass - saltwater fish - sauteed in stock fortified with sake that gives the fish a sweet zing * live in different habitats at different life stages. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| food fish \| sea bass: Grouper * All groupers are carnivorous, feeding on invertebrates and other fish. * are born as females and then later some change sex to become males - carnivorous and have mouths that are very large in proportion to their size - part of groupers - the largest fishes that actually live in the coral reef * begin life as females, and can lay eggs. * is sea bass Rockfish * Many rockfish are loners, mingling close over the reefs with other individuals of many species. * Some rockfishes are among the few marine bony fishes that can be classified as ovoviviparous. * are part of rockfishs * do well in areas of rocky outcroppings and uneven hard bottoms. * grow slowly, reproduce late, and live long. * is sea bass ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| food fish \| sea bass \| rockfish: Black rockfish * are large, powerful swimmers. * have a relatively fast growth rate. Pacific rockfish * are a valuable commodity on the West Coast. * is sold primarily as fillets in a variety of fresh or frozen form and cuts. Redfish * are good in the back lakes on live shrimp. * are good on live shad - shrimp over shell along the shorelines and in the surf - the shell on live shrimp under a popping cork * seem to prefer a mixture of sand patches and sea grass.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| food fish \| sea bass: Striper * are a schooling fish - anadromous, meaning they live in the ocean but return to freshwater to spawn - cooler-water fish - current-related fish - historically saltwater fish that swim up rivers to spawn - migratory fish - more active during low light hours - naturally nocturnal, and relish the protection that darkness brings - probably one of the most prolific fish species in the world - saltwater fish that run up rivers to spawn - servicemans * eat preyfish, particularly shad. * gather at the mouth of an estuary or any outflow where worms are active and start to binge - in large numbers at spawning time * love to eat sandeels. * mature enough to reproduce return to rivers in the spring for spawning. * often feed close to the rocks in the surf and foam. * prefer open, clear water and spawn in spring over shallow, rocky areas - to ambush prey, that are stirred up and disoriented, by turbulent water * reach maturity at approximately three years of age. * technically are saltwater fish that spawn in fresh water. * tend to be nomadic, open water fish.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| food fish: Shad * Some shad exhibit a yellow color phase, believed to be a genetic variation. * also attract walleye and muskie - rely heavily on plankton for food * are also thick and usually concentrated along the wing wall opposite the lock chamber. * are among the strongest and hardest-fighting fish that are found in freshwater - of all fish found in freshwater - anadromous, meaning they live in saltwater, then swim up freshwater rivers to spawn - bony - surface spawners that emit an adhesive egg that sticks to the first thing it touches - the best bet for larger fish in opn water, such as striped bass - thick in the upper river * have very tender mouths. * is the largest member of the herring family - main forage base in many of our midwest lakes and rivers - only fish the state health department allows commercial fishermen to sell today * seem to prefer areas dominated by shallow water or broad flats with sand or gravel bottoms. * spend most of their lives in the ocean, but return to their native rivers to spawn - their first summer in tributary and river nursery areas ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| food fish \| shad: American shad * appear each spring after migrating from Canadian waters. * are sweet in taste and the eggs or roe are considered a spring delicacy - the best known sport fish of the herring * enter rivers in the early spring and can travel hundreds of miles upstream to spawn. * have a range of life history patterns depending on their river of origin. * is an east coast species replaced on the Panhandle coast by Alabama shad. Whitefish * are carnivorous, always looking in groups for a good meal of smaller fish - freshwater fish - part of whitefishs - seafood - very scaly fish that can reach a variety of sizes * is in the northwest of Montana, more in huckleberry country. * major part of the trout diet and it's the same with the pike. * usually are in schools. * vary quite a bit when it comes to spawning. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| food fish \| whitefish: Cisco * are whitefishs. * live in deep water, often near the bottom- edge of the thermocline. Yellowfin * are tuna. * eat other fish, crustaceans, and squid. * grow quickly, attaining the weight of eight pounds by their first birthday. * swim closely with several species of dolphin. Forage fish * Most forage fish are filter feeders. * are a key component of the marine ecosystem in Washington - an important and abundant fish species in Washington - short-lived, and go mostly unnoticed by humans - small fish which are preyed on by larger predators for food * compensate for their small size by forming schools. * fisheries term, and is used in the context of fisheries. * occupy central positions in the ocean food webs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Freshwater fish * Some freshwater fish belong to families - taxonomic families - contain mercury * Some freshwater fish feed on freshwater snails * are a better choice because they're usually bred in captivity - also significant for the Chinese diet - hyperosmotic relative to the external water - hyperosmotic, or saltier than their environment - in a hypotonic environment - limited to eels, salmon, trout and Arctic char - very adaptable as a rule * conserve salts by reabsorption of ions from the filtrate in the nephrons. * differ physiologically from salt water fish in several respects. * do best with practically no salt in their water. * eating cyclops are the second intermediate host. * exhibit a range in salinity tolerance. * have highly efficient kidneys to excrete lots of water and little salt - larger kidneys than marine fishes - lower levels of trimethylamine N-oxide * inhabit rivers. * produce large eggs with a lot of yolk - volumes of dilute urine, which is low in salt * pump salt in. * release a continuous dilute ammonia to the surroundings.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Frogfish * Many frogfishes can change their colour. * Most frogfishs are located in water - change color * Most frogfishs have dark spots - large dark spots - mouths - teeth * Most frogfishs prefer shallow water * Some frogfish can also blow themselves, such as puffer, by sucking in water in a threat display - frogfishs swallow prey * also employ a chemical attractant. * also have a small small white skin flap just above the mouth - skin flap or knob just above the mouth * are fish * bony fish * eat crustaceans , other fish, and even each other. * get their name from their grotesque, almost frog-like appearance. * have a specially modified dorsal spine with a fleshy growth at the end - stocky appearance, atypical of fish - appearances - the capacity to change coloration and pigment pattern in few weeks * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * inhabit rocky and coral reefs, sea grass beds, pier pilings, and sand and mud bottoms. * open mouths. * want water. Frozen fish * are located in freezers. * has less taste and mushier flesh. * is solid with no freezer burns, discoloration, or ice crystals. Game fish * adhere to temperature changes much like politicians listen to latest polls. - rainbow, eastern brook, brown, and cutthroat trout, kokanee salmon, and whitefish * hide among the palm kelp and rocky crevices. * is fish * vary from sporty rainbow trout to the everyday catfish - the sporty rainbow trout to the every-day channel catfish<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Gar * Most gars eat fish - game fish * Most gars have fins - inhabit water * Some gars have black spots - esophagi - travel from lakes and rivers through sewers to get to ponds * are hardy fish - predaceous - slow growing fishes that are relatively long lived - some of the most primitive of the bony fish that hunt, kill, and eat other animals * attack their prey from the side. * can breathe both air and water, which is one of the reasons they are still around today - which is one of the reasons they have survived so long - hard, diamond-shaped scales and their long thin jaws have wicked, sharp teeth - cell membranes - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - flippers - skulls - vertebrate feet * prefer quiet waters and are often found in shallow lakes. * tend to be slow-moving fish except when striking at their prey. * use the air bladder as an accessory lung.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| gar: Alligator gar * Most alligator gars have teeth. * Some alligator gars have black spots * are highly prized and sought after for private aquaria, particularly in Japan - known to inhabit large rivers, tributaries, reservoirs and backwaters * can live for many decades. * feeds upon birds in Texas. - two rows of teeth * is the largest of the gar species. * live a long time and take decades to reach trophy size. Longnose gar * appear in most Texas rivers. * are found in shallow lakes and rivers in southern and central Minnesota - primarily surface oriented feeders * can live for a long time. * migrate up into small, clear, faster moving streams in order to mate. Tropical gar * are also a popular food in Guatemala. * have short, broad snouts with nostrils at the front of the snout. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| goby: Male goby * Male gobies guard the eggs in a nest until they are born - protect the eggs in a nest till they are born * Some male gobies occupy areas - prime spawn areas<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| goby: Round goby * Round gobies are able to survive in areas with poor water quality - aggressive, pugnacious fish - behaviorally aggressive in defending optimal space - benthic throughout their life, even when newly hatched - bottom-dwelling fish that perch on rocks and other substrates - extremely aggressive fish for their size - voracious feeders - compete with native species where they are introduced * Round gobies eat mussels and become paralyzed - some fish, and are cannibalistic - feed heavily on zebra musels and also upon gammarids and midges * Round gobies have a lateral line system which is very well adapted for feeding in the dark - soft body and a large, rounded head with eyes that protrude near the top - invade North America - prefer rocky, shallow areas, but have flourished in a variety of habitat types * Some round gobies eat bivalves - zebra mussels Small goby * Most small gobies have brilliant red heads * Most small gobies live in intertidal zones Gold fish * Most gold fish have tails. * are goldfishs - located in fresh water * eat the skin. + Goldfish: Pets :: Teleosts * There are many kinds of goldfish. The most common kind is golden-colored, but goldfish come in many different shapes and sizes. Many gold fish have fancy tails. Another common kind is called a black moor, which is black colored. Wild goldfish are called prussian carp and are silver-green in colour.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Goldfish * All goldfish are animals - belong to the same species - have clear scales * More goldfish die from over eating than anything else. * Most goldfish never reach their adult size in a bowl environment, even if the bowl is large enough. * Most goldfishes eat diets - dry food - get nutrients - grow to size - has-part eyes * Most goldfishes have color - expectancy - fins - growth - life expectancy - lifespans * Most goldfishes have long dorsal fins - memory - senses * Most goldfishes live in environments * Most goldfishes prefer quiet water - warm water - produce offspring * Most goldfishes reach ages - maturity - old ages - sexual maturity * Some goldfish are born albino - have patches of black or silver - goldfishes belong to families * Some goldfishes eat larvae - mosquito larvae - have behavior * Some goldfishes have constant contact - visual contact - months - throats - white spots * Some goldfishes live for decades - years * Some goldfishes live in homes - outdoor ponds * are carps - popular aquarium fishes because of their coloration and hardiness * bony fish * desire bowls. * have appetite - chances - different requirements - energy - greenish color - huge appetite - preference - stomachs * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * need gallon water ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| goldfish: Common goldfish * Most common goldfishes have fins. * Some common goldfishes live for years. * are social animals who prefer living in groups - the ones most similar to their wild counterparts - usually hardy but can also contract diseases Fancy goldfish * Most fancy goldfishes have life expectancy. * have expectancy Female goldfish * Most female goldfishes produce offspring. * have rounder and thicker bodies than males. Male goldfish * have a thinner body and their vent looks like it is concave - breeding stars * tend to be a bit smaller than their female counterparts. Wild goldfish * are called prussian carp and are silver-green in colour - general rather drab in color + Goldfish: Pets :: Teleosts * There are many kinds of goldfish. The most common kind is golden-colored, but goldfish come in many different shapes and sizes. Many gold fish have fancy tails. Another common kind is called a black moor, which is black colored. Wild goldfish are called prussian carp and are silver-green in colour.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Guppy * Guppies appreciate plants, especially floating ones. * Guppies are a common aquarium pet - about the easiest fish to breed in the aquarium - another type of tropical fish - bred for color, body size, and fin shape - easy to care for and come in a wide range of brilliant colors - fast swimmers and they like to chase each other at times - fun, lively little fish that give birth to live babies about once a month - generally peaceful fish - known as hardy, easy to care for fish - live bearers - live-bearers, meaning they give birth to tiny live guppy fry - omnivores and prefer a diet consisting of both meat and vegetable matter * Guppies are one of the easiest of all tropical fish to care for - most colorful tropical freshwater fish in the world - ovoviviparous and fertilize internally - small fish * Guppies are the major predators in Trinidad - most popular aquarium fishes - usually able to first breed by the age of three months - very small fish but pack a tremendous appearance * Guppies can snack on microworms all day - swim as soon as they leave their mother's body - cohabit with many different kinds of fish because of their docile nature * Guppies come in a wide range of colors and fin shapes - all colors and combinations of colors - many different colors, including green, red and blue * Guppies develop fatty livers * Guppies do best and live longest when they have good water quality - chase each other and other fish but generally do no harm - engage in internal fertilization - give off small bio-load and waste levels so they make for a tremendous pet fish * Guppies have anal fins - gills - spots - stripes along their bodies * Guppies includes brains - breasts - ears - fish scales - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - skulls - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * Guppies live for years - in streams * Guppies need food - high quality food - rank with the common goldfish as one of the most well known and widely kept aquarium fish - still remain one of the least expensive and most plentiful of all tropical fishes - survive in water - tend to stick to the upper region of an aquarium - thrive when their habitats are adjusted to suit their specific needs - typically produce a batch of fry every one to two months * Most guppies develop fatty livers * Most guppies have anal fins * Most guppies live for years * Some guppies adapt to conditions - eat insects * Some guppies have babies - healthy babies Guppy fish * can breed anytime, with no specific season. * is called million fish in the international trading world. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| guppy: Female guppy * All female guppies have a dark triangular area on the back of the female's belly. * Female guppies have spots - prefer to mate with males having a high percentage of orange coloration * Most female guppies have spots. * Some female guppies have babies Male guppy * Male guppies are always in competition when there is another male present in the same tank - brighter colored than females and slightly shorter and slimmer than females - very aggressive breeders - exhibit several patterns of courtship behaviour * Male guppies have anal fins - longer, wider flowing tails and dorsal fins * Most male guppies have anal fins * Some male guppies have types. Healthy fish * are almost always willing to eat. * can control the numbers of parasites - easily go a week without food * have amazing healing and regenerative capabilities - no sores, blotches, or frayed fins * hold their fins up high and away from their bodies. * spend little or no time at the surface.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Hind * Most hinds breed successfully for the first time as yearlings, and thereafter breed each adult year. * are deers - female animals - groupers - red deers - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - fishbones - flippers - pedal extremities - rib cages - sea bass - sections - sperm - sterna - tail fins - yolks * tend to stay away from feeding areas provided by humans in winter. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| hind: Hindu philosophy * is essentially a philosophy of values. * teaches that during menses the direction of energy is down and out of the body. * way of life. Jelly fish * Most jelly fish have heads. * are also to improve currents among certain streams,tides,wave patterns. * are located in beachs * come in all sizes. Juvenile fish * are marketed as food. * become adults and some change shape or their colour. * benefit from migration conditions which more closely approximate natural conditions. * go through various stages between birth and adulthood. * retain their fondness for the stream bottom and are often found at or near it. * show silvery speckles and the fins are light incolor and transparent like glass. Kind of fish * Many kinds of fish have lamps along their sides, while others have several rows of lamps - live all over the world * Many kinds of fish live in salty oceans, fresh water lakes, and streams and rivers - the salty water of the oceans * Most kinds of fish are best in cold weather - have bones + Fish, Anatomy, Bony and cartilagenous fish: Knife fish * Most knife fish have fins. * have dorsal fins Lantern fish * are one of the wonders of the sea. * have big eyes.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Large fish * Many large fish can have tapeworms, which are usually found in the tail quarter of the fish. * Most large fish caught in the fall are females - have teeth * Some large fish have swords - like to feed near the edges of cold eddies - use countercurrent circulation in some muscles * act as tertiary consumers. * are able to masticate the leaves of tough land plants such as fibrous grasses - particularly fond of crayfish * can suffocate on a hot summer night. * eat minnows. * eat smaller fish, jellyfish, and bottom-dwelling invertebrates - ones, which eat smaller ones, which eat still smaller ones * feed almost exclusively on other fish such as mullet, pinfish, pigfish and menhaden * have large surface areas exposed, and they are difficult to protect from oxidation - larger eggs, but fewer eggs per pound of body weight * mixed with smaller ones can affect the appearance of a shipment of fish. * takes light path. * tend to be older and enriched in methylmercury - eat the larger larvae species * tends to taste bland. * undergo considerable stress and strain, particularly during a long battle.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Largemouth * Most largemouths eat fish - have mouths * are also active inside the bay - black bass - tolerant of warm water and do best in sallow, weedy lakes and backwaters of rivers * can also see objects that are above the surface of the water. * have an interesting diet * includes brains - breasts - ears - fish scales - largemouth bass - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - skulls - sunfishes - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * is black bass * take to the shallows for the spawning period. * thrive best in warm, shallow, well-vegetated areas of ponds and sluggish streams.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Larger fish * are oftentimes the last members to assail shallow water. * do prefer large plugs. * eat the crawfish. * eat the smaller fish and the mercury builds up in their tissues * exist in some remote lakes. * feed heavily on crayfish and also take small fishes. * have a greater probability of having a toxic dose. * move to inshore structure in the winter. * predate young longnose gars. * take proportionately more terrestrial insects. * tend to bioaccumulate higher methylmercury levels - have a more pronounced flavor Larval fish * Most larval fish eat zooplankton. * Most larval fish live in shallow water * are cool and very little studied in streams, mostly because they are hard to identify. * tend to enter areas of low dissolved oxygen to escape predation from larger fish. Little fish * Little Fish is the kind of restaurant that happens only once every couple years. * are eaten by birds and bigger fish, and so on throughout the tangled food web. * eat algae. * eat the lower marine life forms and concentrate the pesticides in their bodies - phytoplankton, big fish eat the little fish, and so on<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Lungfish * Most lungfishes have circular heads - different appearances - ear ears - eyesights - fins - organs - patterns - poor eyesights * Most lungfishes inhabit shallow water - live in ponds - occupy areas * Most lungfishes possess external gills - survive in water * Some lungfishes have features - lungs - visibility - inhabit rivers * Some lungfishes live for several years * Some lungfishes possess fins - holes - single fins - share characteristics * also have gills, which are the main organs for gas exchange in Australian lungfishes. * are highly specialized lobe-fins - oviparous and reproduce by laying eggs - voracious eaters * have appearances - capability * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * live in fresh water, but coelacanths are marine * retain their notochords throughout their lives. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| lungfish: African lungfish * Most african lungfishes inhabit shallow water * Some african lungfishes have lungs - possess lungs * are omnivorous and relatively easy to feed - too predatory to be kept in a community tank * have some fascinating adaptations. * possess two lungs and are obligate air-breathers. Australian lungfish * Most australian lungfishes have appearances - different appearances * Some australian lungfishes have lungs * are unable to survive while breathing only air. - poor eyesights Male fish * Some male fish return after just two years. * begin defending territories along shore where they create shallow nests. * build bubble nests within the leaves or at the edge. * develop a long, hooked snout with large teeth - eggs in testes * have one obvious hole and one very small, barely detectable hole just past their anal fin. * start making female egg proteins. * turns a blacker tinge when guarding the nest.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Marine fish * All marine fish drink water to avoid osmotic loss. * Most marine fish eat food - new life spectrum fish food - feed on plankton - find in oceans - have ability * Most marine fish inhabit oceans - open oceans - live in environments - occur in sea * Most marine fishes are oviparous and release eggs into the water - have a very large bladder and it is frequently foimd to be full of urine * Some marine fish have body fluid - larvae - the ability to produce light through bioluminescence * are a dependable source of iodine - highly diverse, with a wide variety of different life cycles - primarily from the Gulf of Mexico, near the Mississippi Sound * drink water and excrete only a small volume of very concetrated urine. * face just the opposite problem from that of freshwater fishes. * provide good examples of water re- lationships in the ocean. * spend their entire life in salt water. Migratory fish * Most migratory fish prefer warm surface water * are an important part of our heritage and economy - some of our most interesting and important aquatic species * prefer surface water. * spend most of their lives at sea, but return to fresh water to spawn. Modern fish * Some modern fishes display interesting modifica- tions of the general reproductive pattern. * have a great variety of responses to different environments - one of two kinds of swim bladder<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Molly * Mollies are brackish fish - easy fish to breed in the aquarium - known to sometimes harass such species by nipping their fins - peaceful fish and can be kept in a community tank - similar to other livebearers in that they are prolific breeders - social fish, and are best when kept in groups - the same, especially the black mollies - come in many different colour varieties including sailfins - do best in a group with a few males and several females * Mollies have dorsal fins - enlarge dorsal fins - habits * Mollies includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * Mollies live in salt water - show interest * Most mollies are solid black in color - go through similar lifespans, and can be long-lived fish under the right conditions * Most mollies have enlarge dorsal fins * Most mollies live in salt water * Some mollies have hormones. * Some mollies reach maturity - sexual maturity<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Mosquito fish * All mosquito fish are livebearers. * Mosquito Fish give birth to live young, rather than laying eggs. * Most mosquito fish have tails. * are characterized by short bodies and flat heads with terminal mouths pointing upward - compatible with most ornamental pond fish - consumers because they eat producers - for backyard sources only - hardy and can live in many types of water habitats for several years - known for their ability to survive in almost any collection of water outside - native or introduced to much of the United States - often particularly effective in small ponds, water tanks etc - small freshwater fish that eat mosquito larvae - territorial * maintain levels. * serve a very useful function in a pond. Mosquitofish * Most mosquitofishs have heads - show behavior * Some mosquitofishs have rays - occupy areas * Some mosquitofishs reach maturity - stomachs * includes brains - corpi - cytoplasm - flippers - plasma membranes - sperm - vacuoles * need food - supplementary food ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| mosquitofish: Female mosquitofish * Some female mosquitofishs reach maturity * are one of our few native live-bearing fish.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Mullet * Most mullet are elongate, have large scales, widely separated dorsal fins and a small mouth. * Most mullets have fins - gizzards - heads - teeth * Some mullets have flesh - oily flesh - strong stomachs * Some mullets inhabit coastal marine water * are fish. * are part of human diet for thousands of years * are the most important food fishes of the South Atlantic and Gulf states - only fish that, like chickens, have a gizzard that grinds vegetation for digestion * bony fish * form large schools when they travel from the spawning to the wintering habitats. * have bases - origins - separate dorsal fins - cell membranes - fish scales - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - sterna - vertebrate feet * reach sexual maturity at the age of two to four years. * thrive in subtropical and tropical areas, densely populating Florida's Gulf Coast. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| mullet: Striped mullet * are able to reproduce at about three years of age - among the few fish species to possess such an organ - bluish green to grayish brown on the back and silver on the sides and belly - excellent bait fish - found in coastal tropical and warm temperate waters all around the world - neither threatened nor endangered - similar in appearance to white and fantail mullet * have both commercial and recreational value. Native fish * Some native fish find in rivers. * are part of natural food webs that have evolved over millions of years - silver to brownish yellow with four vertical black stripes and red fins and snout * can complete their life cycles in other-than unspoiled, virgin habitat. * seem less susceptible to wading bird predation than brightly colored ornamental fish. * spend their entire life in the stream or river. Nongame fish * are environmental indicators or barometers of larger systems. * can also belong to a group of animals known as keystone species. Ocean fish * Any ocean fish absorb fluoride into the bones. * are 'swimming' through the night while madly burning - located in sea * benefit from aquaculture, too. * ride in with the tide to feed. Oily fish * are a great source of phosphorus too, a key mineral in strengthening the bone matrix - also rich in zinc, which helps prevent prostrate cancer in older men * can help ward off cancer. * is rich in protein, which provides amino acids. Older fish * are bigger and produce more eggs - more likely to have accumulated chemicals in their fatty tissues - mottled with black and brown and have a greenish dorsal fin with a black spot - prone to infections * eat an assortment of insects, worms, crustaceans, and small fish - fishmeal pellets * take mainly a variety of benthic invertebrates. Pallid sturgeon * have a unique prehistoric appearance. * is fish - sturgeon * look like they belong with the dinosaurs. * prefer slow water adjacent to fast water. Pan fish * are active in the weeds - plentiful and can be fished year-around - the equal opportunity employers of the fishing world * live everywhere. Pelagic fish * Many pelagic fish have reflector plates arranged vertically in the skin. * fly living around drifting objects. * live in the water column and epibenthic fish live near the bottom of the lake.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Perch * All perches have short deep bodies that are very thin, with large eyes. * Most perches are brightly colored, and usually have barred or striped coloration patterns. * Most perches have fins - jaws - separate dorsal fins * Most perches have single dorsal fins - inhabit water - live for years * Most perches live in low water * Some perch are migratory, but only in a short and local form. * Some perches eat freshwater shrimp - feed on fish * Some perches have body shapes - limbs * Some perches have oval body shapes - inhabit rivers * Try to provide a variety of perch sizes and materials. * are carnivores and inhabit quiet ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers - freshwater fish - important for exercise * are part of furlongs - roosts - yellow perchs - seats - support * become mature adults at the age of two or three years. * do however have a high tolerance for low oxygen conditions. * feed most heavily during daylight hours. * give predatory birds easier access to the eggs and young in the box. * have dorsal fins * includes brains - breasts - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - fishbones - flippers - pedal extremities - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * is support * prefer cool deeper water and feed on minnows, insect larvae, plankton and worms - flies with yellow in 'em, nymphs, little streamers and scud patterns * reproduce through the sexual process of spawning. * starts to reproduce in rather early age and has large reproduction area in the coastal sea. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| perch: Climb perch * Most climb perches live in low water * Some climb perches inhabit rivers. Male perch * guard their nests and the embryos for several days. * reach sexual maturity at about three years of age, females at four. Pirate perch * Most pirate perches have fins. * Most pirate perches have single dorsal fins * are found only in North America - solitary fish * have dorsal fins<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| perch: Roost * Some roosts are known to contain millions of bats. * are also generally close to a source of food - ancient tombs and temples, garden trees, rock crevices and caves - another name for gathering places - either night roosts or day roosts - films - in trees, cabins, caves, abandoned mines, and other such sheltered areas - located in dense thickets of shrubs and trees near major food sources - observed on in inland areas and on non-native tree species - usually in wetlands where cattails and other vegetation provide cover and insulation * switched network environment. * used during the winter are called hibernaculum sites.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| perch: Walleye * Most walleye are yellow, but occasionally a variation occurs which gives the fish a blue color - lakes in Wisconsin are in Northern Wisconsin * are Minnesota's most sought- after game fish. * are a light sensitive fish - structure oriented fish, most of the time - structure-oriented fish, most of the time - animals - cool-water fish - finicky - found in small numbers in East Rush, don t give up they are biting - fun fish to catch and definetly eat - more active at dusk and dawn - native to freshwater rivers and lakes of the northern United States and Canada - nocturnal or very low-light conditions feeders - one of the most popular sports fishes in North America - predators - formidable predators and they eat almost constantly - present in average numbers - probably short-lived as are most other surfperches - rare, but largemouth numbers are still at a fishable level - school-running and range widely over a lake - similar in body shape to both sauger and yellow perch - slow, with most fish being taken on leeches, crawlers and fat heads - still active, but have moved off into deeper rock bars - strabismus * are the most sought after species in the flowage - one fish species that the right rod makes the difference * begin eating other fish early in life. * bite extremely light at night. * breed naturally. * browse along weededges, sometimes suspending to feed on schools of small panfish. * can feed in dim light. * continue to be caught by anglers drifting live minnows and nightcrawlers across the bottom. * cruise the shallow sand, gravel, rocks, and emerging weeds pursuing baitfish. * fight when hooked fairly close to the boat in warm water. * follow schools of yellow perch. * generally spawn in shallow water along rock and rubble shorelines and on shallow reefs. * go into deeper, colder bodies of water that they prefer. * grow to eye-popping sizes in Red Lake. * have a green body texture, whereas saugers and saugeyes have brown, mottled sides - eyes adapted to low-light feeding * have large canine teeth - eyes that appear silver or reddish due to a reflective layer in the retina - staring eyes - the ability to detect vibration using their lateral line sensory system * hold on reefs or deeper points. * move in from miles away in early spring to lay their eggs - into shallower shoreline areas at night, and many anglers do well then - mostly during morning and evening periods, especially early in winter * now feed more at night and have become notably boat shy during the day. * often feed voraciously at night - move shallow at night * prefer deep water during the day and shallow waters at night - deeper waters, but are found in almost all but the shallowest lakes - hard bottom, preferably gravel or rubble - large, clear, cool waterbodies with gravel and sandy substrate - the deep water sections of large lakes, streams, and rivers - to feed on gizzard shad and crappie * scatter to all areas of the lake during fall. * seem to move to the cane to gorge for brief periods. * spawn once a year in early spring * start to move back into the creeks, holding over the deeper channels during the day. * stay close to the bottom, and they don t spend a lot of energy chasing their food. * swim in the river system year-round. * tend to congregate near the bottoms of lakes or near ledges and drop-offs - feed upward, rather than down, at night - prefer rock or gravel bottoms, drop off areas and points - run larger in size, with trophy catches common * usually prefer harder bottoms. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| perch \| walleye: Adult walleye * are extremely sensitive to light. * feed primarily on fish, including the young of their own species.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| perch: Yellow perch * Most yellow perches have fins - jaws - separate dorsal fins - live for years * Some yellow perches have distinction. * are a popular recreational catch - active early in the year and can be caught on minnows - almost identical in appearance to European perch, but have a more yellow coloring - also piscivorous preferring shiners and minnows - an intermediate predator in the food chain - considered to be fun, easy to catch and a joy to eat - economically important in terms of a food source and recreation - extremely popular food fish in the northern United States - for the most part, aggressive biters * are found mainly in lakes and sometimes in impoundments of larger rivers - statewide in almost any water from very small ponds to the largest reservoir - golden or brassy yellow with six to nine dark vertical bars on their sides * are most active during the daytime - in the morning and evening - native to Lake Erie and have always been an important fishery - olive green on the back blending to a golden yellow on the sides - oviparous , as eggs are fertilized externally - particularly popular for ice fishing - perchs * are the first fish that arrive in the rivers after the first of the year - preferred prey of adult walleyes in many cases - very tasty and are popular year-round, especially with ice fishermen * can adapt to diverse habitats and are tolerant of low dissolved oxygen. * continue to bite very well. * grow faster in Lake Michigan when they are scarce than when they are abundant - very quickly * has many fine and sharp teeth. * have a single spawning period each year * is an important food source for freshwater predators - one of the easiest fish to catch, and can be taken in all seasons, and tastes great * known predator of juvenile largemouth bass. * lose their normal diel behavior activity patterns during spawning season. * make up a substantial part of the walleye diet in the natural lakes. * spend their entire lives in the same river. * support a commercial fishery in Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Huron. Pilot fish * are fish - small fish that swim alongside a shark * follow the sharks and clean their skin of parasites. * swim in front of sharks and accompany vessels for the feeding obtained.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Plaice * are characterised by their smooth , brown skin , red spots and bony ridge behind the eyes - common all around Britain and Ireland - flatfishs - flounder - great to eat, although it takes some practice to successfully fillet a flatfish - part of plaices * bottom-dwelling flatfish. * common name used for a group of flatfish. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * is flounder - low in calories - probably the best known fish species in the North Sea * live mostly on sandy bottoms, although they also live on gravel and mud. * long-lived species and subject to high fishing pressure. * reach maturity typically when they are between four and six years old. + European plaice: Edible fish :: Danish cuisine :: Flatfish * They are a commercially important flatfish. They live on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf. Its geographical range is from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean. Plaice are characterised by their smooth, brown skin, red spots and bony ridge behind the eyes. Poisonous fish * Most poisonous fish have spines. * Most poisonous fish live in oceans - temperate oceans Predatory fish * are fish that prey upon other fish or animals. * invade the sun-warmed land. * vary in their level of activity.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Prey fish * help maintain balance in the fish community. * targeted by bald eagles are often quite large. Puffer fish * are omnivorous animals and eat a variety and plants and animals - poisonous, but their toxicity varies * contain the potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin. * hang around coral reefs, open sand and grassy flats, looking for food mostly. * have a strip of meat on both sides of their backbone, towards the top of the fish - unique defense against predators - very unique defense system Raw fish * Some raw fish can cause a deficiency of the vitamin thiamine. * are located in japanese food - nutritious food * can contain gastrointestinal pathogens. * is ground and bound with egg yolks and flour - prepared as sashimi or sushi, where it is served with rice * plays an important role in Japanese cuisine.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Ray * All rays express a peculiar and specialized type of force - have smooth skin * Many rays have spines on their tail which can poison other animals when stung - live in coral reefs * Most rays affect atmospheres - upper atmospheres * Most rays are bottom-dwellers - flattened bottom dwellers that crush molluscs and crustaceans in their jaws - bring energy * Most rays carry energy - positive energy - create shadows - deliver energy - eat fish * Most rays fall on reflect surfaces * Most rays have a hard spine on top of the tail - tail spines - venomous spines - increase temperature - interact with atmospheres * Most rays live on the ocean floor and are bottom feeders - sliding along the sandy ocean floor, digging up mollusks - love earthworms * Most rays pass through chambers - cloud chambers - lenses - penetrate atmospheres - strike earth * Some rays affect plants. * Some rays are capable if inflicting painful stings with their tails - caused by interaction * Some rays are produced by explosions - nuclear explosions - burn skin * Some rays cause cancer - death * Some rays cause skin cancer - damage * Some rays consist of energy particles - high energy particles - crush their prey between their blunt teeth, sometimes referred to as bony plates - damage connective tissue - definitely produce accelerated motion, others produce retardation * Some rays eat crabs - sort of like baleen whales - they filter small pieces of food out of the water * Some rays enter atmospheres - eyes * Some rays have a series of thorns on their body as a defense against predators - body shapes - cartilages * Some rays have distinctive body shapes - electricity - flexible tails * Some rays have high energy - power - jaw teeth * Some rays have long flexible tails - long, whip-like tails, other species have short tails - ranges - reflection - tail sting - total reflection - vertebrate kidneys - whiplike tails that contain a long stinger that can inflict a painful wound - whips - lose energy - occur in regions * Some rays pass through crystal - spacecraft structures - penetrate skin * Some rays produce isotopes - radioactive isotopes - vitamins * Some rays reach earth - relate to sharks - strike upper atmospheres * also appear more numerous in some kinds of wood than in others - can lie on the ocean floor and respire through a spiracle at the top of their head * are a great example of mimicry by digging in the sand - kind of fish that lives in the ocean and looks like a kite with a tail - type of fish that is very flat and has no bones, only cartilage - always perpendicular to the wave fronts - displacements - modified as bottom feeders, feeding on invertebrates found in the sand - perpendicular to wave fronts - present in both types of wood - rectilinear in homogeneously refractive media - related to sharks and are also fish - ribbon-like tissues that cross the growth rings at right angles - surprising animals no matter where they are encountered * are the main predator of bay scallops - only vertebrates that have such a remarkable weight gain during fetal development - upper-level carnivores which prey primarily on benthic invertebrates and fishes * bend towards the surface because c increases with temperature, i.e., with depth. * can encounter surfaces in any order and any number of times - feed on goldfish, shrimp, bloodworm - grow to tremendously large sizes * create dramatic shadows - long shadows * feed on bottom-dwelling clams and worms. * give live birth. * go from fish to eye. * have a flattened body shape and an elongated tail - body, but some are subcylindrical, while some sharks are rather flat - an acute sense of smell and touch - broad, flat bodies, with eyes on their upper surface and a mouth and gil slits underneath - flat plate-like teeth * have no bones, only cartilage - or greatly reduced dermal denticles and feel soft and smooth * have skeletons made of flexible cartilage and are related to the sharks - of cartilage rather than bone * hit atmospheres - green pigment * hitting the earth directly, naturally, have more energy than less direct rays. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - photons - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * is light * line up along the Earth's magnetic field and variations typically are rapid. * live all over the world - close to the bottom of the ocean - mostly on or near the sea bed * mostly hunt on or near the bottom of the ocean. * move by undulating their giant winglike fins, a kind of underwater slow-motion flight. * often congregate in huge groups of up to thousands of individuals, but other rays live alone. * primarily feed on molluscs, crustaceans, worms, and occasionally smaller fishes. * propagating to the side take longer to reach the high-velocity media deep in the earth. * swim in the shallow water beyond the beach. * translates as light. * use spiracles to take in water that is then sent over the gills. * use their fins like modified wings to glide through the water and along the ocean bottom - pectoral fins to fly through the water + Ray, Description, Appearance * The fins of the ray create a disk shape that can be round, triangular, or diamond-shaped. Rays use their pectoral fins to fly through the water. Though a bony fish takes in water with its mouth, rays do not because they live at the bottom of the ocean. If they took in water through their mouths, they would probably just get a mouthful of sand. Because of this, they have breathing holes on top of their bodies called 'spiracles'. Rays use spiracles to take in water that is then sent over the gills. + Scallop, Seafood industry, Sustainability: Bivalves * The main factor is the reduction in sea grasses because of the development on the coast. Bay scallop spat attach to these grasses. Another possible factor is the reduction of shark numbers. They are often fished too much. This variety of shark feeds on rays. Rays are the main predator of bay scallops. With fewer sharks, rays can freely eat scallops. This is greatly decreasing their numbers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray: Blue ray * bring calmness and peace to the mind. * can transmit thought energy. Crepuscular ray * are are bands of sunlight shining through breaks in clouds on the horizon. * result from scattering. Electric ray * are found from shallow coastal waters down to at least depth. * are found from shallow coastal waters down to at least depth. They are sluggish and slow moving, propelling themselves along with their tails, rather than using their disc-shaped bodies, as other rays do. They feed on invertebrates and small fish. They lie in wait for prey below the sand or other substrate, using their electricity to stun and capture it. Harmful ray * Some harmful rays affect plants - cause death * Some harmful rays reach earth - surfaces * pass through clouds.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray \| heat ray: Infrared ray * are heat rays and ultraviolet rays cause sunburn - much like light waves but are invisible to the human eye * contribute heat which accelerates drying of the eye. * have a higher frequency than radio waves and microwaves, so they have more energy - higher frequencies than X-rays * have the ability to penetrate an object - deep within an object * produce earth heat and storm clouds - heat, and there is no proven link between infrared rays and eye disease * radiate or spread from a localized source. + Electromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetism * Ultraviolet rays are near the violet end of the light spectrum and infrared are near the red end. Infrared rays are heat rays and ultraviolet rays cause sunburn. High beam * are beams. * induce photosynthesis. * reflect water vapor and make it harder to see.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray: Laser beam * Some laser beams are invisible, producing light in the infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths - can cause injury to the eye, burn the skin or start fires in the laboratory * Some laser beams pass through materials - optical materials - spread only a few centimeters over a distance of one kilometer * are also ideal for use in space for satellite communications systems - always visible by themselves - easily visible in space - hazardous - parallel rays of light - they'll go very far at the same intensity - very dazzling when projected through fog or smoke - visible in vacuum * can create beams of protons - generate and detect acoustic waves * crisscross atomized oil feedstocks. * range in power from a few microwatts to several billion watts in short bursts. * result from the emission of energy from atoms to form of electromagnetic waves. * use a lower heat input, but higher intensity than an electron beam.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray: Light ray * All light rays are bent the same amount by gravity - coming from the light source are parallel and point in the same direction * Most light rays fall on reflect surfaces * Some light rays form images - pass through fields - reach surfaces * appear to bend in the warped space surrounding massive objects. * approaching a black hole are bent around by steeply curved space. * are absorbed through the leaves of the plant by the plant's chlorophyll - bent by the cornea and the lens of the eye so that they focus on the retina - focused more directly on the retina and images are now more in focus - now focused on the retina - the external stimuli for vision - then focused on that part of the macula called the fovea * bend as they pass from air outside the eye to the fluid within the eye. * bounce from objects in the real world through the lens of the eye onto the retina - off of objects and into our eyes * change the direction before reaching our eyes. * come in through the lens. * converge at principal focus of a lens - before they reach the retina and the brain receives a blurred image * deflected are in the process of being altered. * differ from one another by wavelength. * do originate from a real image, such as the one on a movie screen. * enter the eye through a transparent layer of tissue known as the cornea. * enter the eye through the cornea and are later interpreted by the brain - cornea, the outer membrane that covers the eyeball - transparent tissues * entering the eye are bent too much and are focused improperly. * fall beyond the retina. * focus before reaching the retina and images appear blurry - behind the retina, and close objects look blurred * focus in front of the retina rather than on the retina - the front of the retina * go beyond the retina, putting far objects in focus. * pass through the cornea and then through the lens - throught two tubes with water flowing in opposite directions * passing through a diverging lens are bent outward - curved surfaces are bent * strike surfaces. * travel at a fixed speed - in straight lines Low beam * are beams. * provide better illumination in snow than high beams. Manta * rays as they feed on plankton bloom - in Malaysia * rays, whales and dolphins are among the sea life.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray: Manta ray * are active swimmers adapted for a cruising lifestyle - elasmobranchs, cartilaginous fish that are almost entirely flexible - large rays belonging to the genus Manta - marine animals whose life passes quietly in salt water - numerous from spring to summer and during the beginning of autumn - planktivores and cruise the open water filter feeding out small animals - quiet and peaceful beings that pose no danger to humans - subject to other anthropogenic threats - the largest rays and are closely related to sharks * eat tiny marine organisms including microscopic plankton, small fish and crustaceans. * feed close to the surface, where plankton tends to accumulate - on plankton * give birth to live young called pups. * lack the stingray's intimidating tail spine. * reproduce by ovoviviparity with the birth of one pup during a breeding season. * rises from the sand at the base of a Carolina reef. * show no territorial behavior. Medullary ray * are as prominent as in a dicotyl. * connect the cental pith to the cambium. Red ray * decompose the salt crystals in the body and act as a catalyst for ionization. * produce heat which vitalizes and energizes the physical body. Sawfish * are certainly among the most unusual of fishes - software * range in color from light grey, to beige, to brown, and even olive green. * use their saws to root out and impale their fish prey.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray: Sting ray * Most sting rays prefer salty ocean water, but some in North America prefer fresh water. * Some sting rays have features - flexible tails * Some sting rays have long flexible tails * Some sting rays have many features - unique features * are bottom-dwelling fish, with a preference for soft mud, sand or shale ground.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray: Stingray * Many stingrays cover themselves with sand, becoming nearly invisible. * Many stingrays have a poisonous barb in their tail - sharp, venomous spines along their whip-like tail * Most stingrays adapt to environments. * Most stingrays eat fish - shrimp - small fish - enter water - has-part teeth * Most stingrays have buoyancy - capability - fins - jaws - mouths - one or more barbed stings on the tail, which is used 'only' for self-defense - senses - shapes - small mouths * Most stingrays have strong jaws - inhabit tropical water - live at or near the bottom of the water , but some are pelagic * Most stingrays reach maturity - sexual maturity * Some stingrays conceal themselves on a sandy bottom. * Some stingrays have disks - problems - types - whips - live in zones. * Most stingrays have one or more barbed stings on the tail, which is used 'only' for self-defense. The sting is covered with a thin layer of skin, the sheath, in which the venom is held. A few members of the suborder, such as the manta rays and the porcupine ray, do not have stings. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. * are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world. There are species in warm temperate oceans, and some found in the ocean. Some live in fresh water. Most stingrays live at or near the bottom of the water, but some are pelagic * agitate the sand and hide beneath it. * also frequent the shallows at night - lie in wait for unsuspecting prey * are a favored prey of the great hammerhead - group of rays , which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks - specialized group of rays equipped with an elongated, thin, whiplike tail - type of fish that are often found in the sand in shallow water near the shore - another type of cartilaginous fish which exists in the shallow waters of the reef * are bottom feeders and scavenge the substratum for small animals - broad, flat fish * are considered by most experts to be docile creatures, only attacking in self-defense - to be vertebrates, as they are classified as cartilaginous fish - edible and they are consumed by a wide variety of cultures - edible, the main part being the wings - found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans - friendly * are generally peaceful bottom feeders - very solitary creatures - inactive for the vast majority of time - large cartilaginous fish found in warm coastal waters - mainly marine creature - members of the group of fish that also includes sharks and skates - ocean floor prowlers - ovoviviparous, bearing live young in 'litters' of five to thirteen - rays have spines on their tail which can poison other animals when stung * are the dangerous ones - most common group of fish that sting humans - usually difficult to detect because they are partially buried in the sediment - venomous animals - very, very gentle creatures * bear live young. * belong to a sub-class known as the elasmobranchs. * deliver their venom using a barbed spine located at the base of their tail. * feed mostly on molluscs, crustaceans, and occasionally on small fish. * fertilize internally via sexual intercourse. * fill important ecological roles in the freshwater and marine locales they inhabit. * give birth to fully developed, live young. * have a barbed spine on their long tails that can cause painful and dangerous stings - flat round shape thanks to the large fins that run the length of their bodies - toxin filled spine at the base of their tail - barbed spines at the base of the tail - chances - many features - more benefits than being used for human consumption - multiple rows of rounded teeth that have flat, blunt surfaces - strong, heavy cartilage dental plates with which they crush their food - very tough, leathery skin * hide in the soft mud and feed on mollusks and crustaceans. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * inhabit shallow water, especially in the tropics and in temperate regions as well * inject a toxin that breaks down with heat. * is soft and shakable. * lack the swim bladder and oil-filled liver that make fish buoyant. * live in sandy marine environments - on the sandy or muddy bottoms of all warm, shallow parts of the oceans and bays * lives mostly in sea water. * love the ocean floor. * need food. * often dig into sediments in search of food leaving crater-like depressions - feed on the bottom, leaving only their eyes and tails visible * possess venom-producing barbs on their tail tips. * reflect the shades of color on the seafloor, so they can blend in better. * reside in the sands around the vessel along with turtles and garden eels. * settle on the bottom while feeding , often leaving only their eyes and tail visible. * show how to maneuver with grace, style and elegance in the watery depths of emotions. * spend much of their time camouflaged in the sand like the one pictured here. * swim by moving their pectoral fins up and down. * take their name from the barbed spines at the base of their long, whiplike tail. * teach the art of camouflage and blending in. * use camouflage to protect themselves from predatory sharks and larger rays - one or more large spines or stings on their tails as defensive weapons - their tails to defend themselves against sharks and other predators + Stingray, Lifestyle, Reproduction * Stingrays are ovoviviparous, bearing live young in 'litters' of five to thirteen. The female holds the embryos in the womb without a placenta - Lifestyle: Rays * The flattened bodies of stingrays allow them to hide themselves. Stingrays agitate the sand and hide beneath it. Because their eyes are on top of their bodies and their mouths on the undersides, stingrays cannot see their prey. * Stingrays feed mostly on molluscs, crustaceans, and occasionally on small fish. Some stingrays' mouths contain two powerful, shell-crushing plates, while other species only have sucking mouthparts	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray \| stingray: Freshwater stingray * are hard to see, because they often bury themselves in river sediments - very dangerous * can have up to three venomous spines in their tails. River stingray * Most river stingrays eat fish - small fish * Most river stingrays have mouths - small mouths<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray \| stingray: Southern stingray * Most southern stingrays have senses - strong senses - teeth * Some southern stingrays have disks - tops - whips * are preyed upon by sharks and other fishes - related to sharks and skates - the largest stingray found along southeastern U.S. shores * eat bivalves, worms, small fish and crustaceans. * have a venomous spine on the upper side of their tail - extremely strong senses - flat, diamond-shaped bodies with indistinct heads - large, flat, diamond-shaped disks without distinct heads - white underbellies and slate gray, brown, or black upper surfaces Torpedo * are alarm - armaments - fireworks - weapons * have homing devices that follow the target and guide the torpedo to it. * is the smalles suborbital fitting goggle in the world. Ultraviolet ray * Most ultraviolet rays penetrate atmospheres. * Some ultraviolet rays affect plants. * Some ultraviolet rays cause cancer - skin cancer - penetrate skin - reach surfaces<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| ray: X ray * are at the short end of the light-wave spectrum - electromagnetic radiation - high energy light waves - ionizing radiation - located in airports - one of the most useful forms of energy - photons that usually originate from energy transitions of the electrons of an atom - preferred because they resolve molecular structure * can compliment surgery and medical oncology - help identify many causes of joint pain, such as a fracture or arthritis - penetrate most structures - produce biological, chemical, and physical changes in the substances they enter * come from energized gas. * have higher energy than radio waves - frequency than radio waves - longer wavelengths than gamma rays and shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet rays - shorter wavelengths than radio waves - the same characteristics as gamma ways, but they are produced differently * heat the outer surface of the capsule, for an instant, to about a million degrees. * illuminate dynamics on near-atomic length scales. * interact with the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom. * kill cancer cells more readily than they kill normal cells. * knock electrons out of their orbits around an atom's nucleus, creating charged particles. * lose some energy and change direction as they strike electrons in the crystal. * owe their penetrating power to their relatively short wavelengths and high energy. * pass through organs and structures of the body onto a photographic plate - the metal without being absorbed * speed healing of rat spinal cords. * strike a chromosome in a living cell and ultimately cause the cell to die. * strip electrons from atoms and leave the electrons free to conduct electricity. * travel through space faster than radio waves. Red fish * are good on shrimp and shad. * live in dark waters.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Reef fish * Many reef fish have toxic flesh - tend to be relatively slow swimmers and seek safety in the reef * Most reef fish use a large area of a reef for their daily activities - fishes are safe with a zebra moray as long as the eel is regularly fed * Some reef fish have patterns - stages * are everywhere - plentiful, and manta rays have been spotted out in the sand flats * assemblages on hard banks in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico - submerged lava flows of three different ages * can be temperamental. * defend food, shelter, mates and offspring from competitors and predators. * differ greatly in appearance and in many other ways. * feed on plankton. * have very colorful names and appearances. * inhabit particular reef types. * occupy many different levels, like apartment dwellers in high-rise buildings. * use the reef for cover and food.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Remora * Most remoras have teeth. * Some remoras have oval suck disks. * adhere by means of a flat, oval sucking disk on top of the head. * are difficult to study in the wild, however, as they attach to fast-moving sea creatures - fish that attach themselves to sharks, turtles or other fish - found in open seas at tropical latitudes around world - small fish that are 'hitchhikers' * attach themselves to larger fishes for protection and access to food - sharks and feed on scraps of food left over from the shark's meals * bony fish * eat leftover food from the shark - the parasites off the underside of the shark to keep it healthy and alive * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * swim near large fish and sharks and eat their leftovers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Salmon * All salmon carry the bacteria that cause the kidney disease - have to migrate through the Columbia River estuary, which is rife with predators - spend part of their life in fresh water and part of their life in the ocean * Many salmon die returning to their place of birth - face extinction in the wild - feed in the ocean for over four years then return to spawn in Olympic's forested rivers - follow the circular flow of ocean currents * Most salmon are known as fish * Most salmon are located in rivers - streams - die after spawning * Most salmon eat food - krill - encounters fungi during their various life stages * Most salmon enter oceans - go to oceans - has-part fins * Most salmon have acid levels - bellies - distinctive noses - fatty acid levels - razor teeth - red color - sacs - silvery sides - skin color - yolk sacs * Most salmon live in different habitats - ponds - salt water - make waste * Most salmon occur in fisheries - raised on farms are of the Atlantic variety, which grows faster than Pacific salmon * Most salmon reach adulthood - maturity - sexual maturity * Most salmon require habitats * Some salmon are located in lakes - come from oceans - die in sea * Some salmon eat fish * Some salmon enter open oceans - feed in habitats - find in lakes * Some salmon give birth to offspring - has-part stomachs * Some salmon have black spots - dark spots - enzymes - large black spots - substances * Some salmon live in Asia - bays - regions - migrate hundreds of miles up river - play in oceans - reach mouths * Some salmon sharks maintain body temperature - swim in lakes - travel thousands of miles out into the north Pacific * adapt to environments. * are favorite foods among bears, seals, sharks, dolphins, and, of course, humans - great food fish * attract bears. * become fish. * catch in fisheries. * come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and colors. * feed in lakes - on crustaceans, amphipods and various insects in the sea * has-part backs * hatch in streams or the upper courses of rivers and migrate to the ocean. * have ability - food sac when they're still young - hook noses - mild taste * have silvery sides - skin with spotted back and fins * includes brains - cytoplasm - plasma membranes - rib cages - tail fins * is food - part of salmon * lay eggs. * migrate to oceans * need cool water - oxygenate water * possess proteins * prefer water. * provide food * return to creeks - natal streams * seek streams. * serve as fish. * swim in oceans * thrive in waterways. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| salmon: Adult salmon * Most adult salmon reach maturity. * have sides<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| salmon: Atlantic salmon * Many Atlantic salmon make their migratory journey and spawn two or three times. * Some atlantic salmon have black spots * are a national birthright - among the most acrobatic of all gamefish - anadromous and have a complex life history - another anadromous species - even worse off than their Pacific cousins - famous for their ability to buck the current - part of atlantic salmon - susceptible to numerous bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases * have silvery to yellowish brown sides with dark spots. * inhabit coastal water on both sides of the North Atlantic. * is marketed as fresh fish but some is now being canned. * live in the northern Atlantic Ocean off the coasts of North America and Europe. * require a diet high in protein and lipids. * return to natal streams * spend between one and four years at sea.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| salmon: Chinook salmon * are an important species both economically and culturally - in danger on their way upstream as well as on their way back to the ocean - one of six anadromous salmonid species found in the Pacific Northwest - part of chinooks * are the largest and sockeye the smallest salmon - most sought-after gamefish in the Trinity River system * come from marine fisheries and fish farms. * is also an important subsistence fish and a valuable recreational resource Chum salmon * Most chum salmon are caught with purse seines and gill nets in the ocean - enter the open ocean during the summer and fall of their first year - have teeth - occur in streams * Some chum salmon enter oceans - open oceans * Some chum salmon have dark spots - distribution * have mild taste Coho salmon * are found in the North Pacific Ocean - one of seven salmon species native to the Pacific Ocean - semelparous, meaning they give birth once and die - smaller and slimmer than the chinook salmon * come from marine fisheries and fish farms. * has rich, reddish-orange meat and has been called one of the best tasting salmon. Farm salmon * have levels. * help conserve wild salmon populations by providing an alternative source for consumers. Landlocked salmon * are atlantic salmon - plentiful enough in some areas to allow harvest for food - present in many of the larger lakes and river systems * is salmon Mature salmon * Most mature salmons feed on shrimps and other smaller fish. * are netted and stripped of eggs and sperm each fall.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| salmon: Pacific salmon * Most Pacific salmon die within a week or two after they return to their home stream and spawn - one to two weeks after spawning * are an integral part of the culture, heritage and economy of the Pacific northwest - anadromous fish - in season from spring through fall - sensitive to temperature and so are heavily affected - unique in that they die after they reproduce - very important to people, animals, and forests * develop morphological breeding characteristics as the mature in the ocean. * die after migrating back to the river to spawn - spawning however steelhead can live to spawn again - soon after they finish spawning * face many hazards as they go through their lifecycle. * hatch out of eggs laid in the gravel of stream beds or lake shores. * is likely to be less contamined than Atlantic salmon. * leave their home stream, swim out to sea and return one to six years later to spawn. * live in the northern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of North America and Asia. * start their spawning migration up the Sacramento River system. Pink salmon * are found along the Pacific rim of Asia and in North America. * are the most commonly canned species of salmon - numerous of the salmon species - smallest and most abundant species * have the shortest lifespan of all the Pacific salmon found in North America. * is the smallest salmon and has a delicate, mild flavor. * rely heavily on freshwater and nearshore habitats during their life cycle. Red salmon * are notoriously finicky and are often spooked by large, over dressed flies. * is fatty and calorie rich, while pink salmon is closer to tuna in nutrient breakdown Salted salmon * is one of the most popular and delicious seafood specialties in Finland. * is, however, fish. Silver salmon * are part of cohos - present in smaller numbers - some of the most spirited fish to catch * is considered one of the best salmon for eating - cut so that salmon can dry Smoked salmon * are salmon - smoked food * is always from hand caught chinook salmon from the Pacific - considered an Irish specialty, as are Irish stew and Irish lamb - used in elegant starters or pasta dishes * very important seafood exports.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| salmon: Sockeye salmon * are anadromous, meaning they migrate from the ocean to spawn in fresh water - excellent game fish and prized worldwide for their delicate taste - found in the North Pacific Ocean - one of five salmon species native to the state - semelparous , dying after they spawn - the only salmon with a strict lake rearing requirement * is salmon - the third-most common Pacific salmon species, after pink and chum salmon * rely on streams, lakes, estuaries and the ocean for their lifecycle. * return to their natal stream to spawn after spending one to four years in the ocean. * tend to stratify in the lake during different times in the morning. * turn bright red once they enter their spawning rivers. Wild salmon * Some wild salmon eat fish. * are crucial to the health of our rivers - in danger of extinction in the West - muscular and built to make a long voyage into the ocean and back * can only regenerate in high quality streams. * is part of what makes Maine the great state it is. Young salmon * Most young salmon are cryptic, in that that they blend with the bottom. * Most young salmon have sacs - yolk sacs * are able to detect immeasurable traces of elements present in their environment - excellent food sources for a large variety of animals - particularly sensitive to chromium * begin a feeding response within a few days. * migrate to sea. * spend one to four years in their natal river.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Shark * All sharks are carnivores, they hunt for different animals - which means that they feed on other animals as opposed to vegetation - carnivorous, but their food varies from large ocean creatures to tiny plankton - fishes - predators, and usually exist at, or close to, the apex of their food chains - go to great lengths to protect their developing young before birth * All sharks have an asymmetric tail fin, with the upper lobe being larger than the lower one - extremely powerful jaws to complement their teeth - internal fertilization - to swim constantly - reproduce by internal fertilization - swim by moving their vertically oriented tail fin from side to side * Find out more about how sharks move, sleep, eat, and defend themselves. * Many sharks actively chase their food. * Many sharks are efficient and specialized hunters that have thrived for millions of years - gentle and eat only plankton - like humans and give birth to only one or two babies at a time - more active at night, so avoid night swims - nocturnal , meaning that they are most active at night - small, and eat fish, shellfish, and clams - warm blooded - can contract and dilate their pupils , like humans, something no teleost fish can do - eat pinnipeds, including the great white shark * Many sharks have a ventral mouth well suited to predatory lifestyle - interesting migration patterns which have been discovered through tagging - spines on their dorsal fins * Many sharks live in the deep scattering layer - or hunt in reefs * Many sharks migrate up rivers - yearly from cold feeding waters to warm breeding waters - prey most often on the weak, inferior members of the population - remain on the bottom in a quiescent state - reproduce once a year, but there are some that can only do so every other year - start life as eggs, from which baby sharks emerge after several months * Most sharks adapt to habitats. * Most sharks appear in environments - oceans - sea * Most sharks are active predators, some of the large varieities are actually plankton eaters - afraid of people - carnivorous, though, and can swallow their prey whole - cold-blooded - dark with pale bellies - ectothermic - efficient swimmers - especially active in the evening and night when they hunt - evolved from sharks - gray and have a leathery skin - harmful to people - inside oceans - known as sharks * Most sharks are located in reefs - long-lived, grow slowly, mature late and produce few offspring - man-eaters * Most sharks are meat eaters and so they feed on other fish and even other sharks - meat-eaters, but the basking shark and the whale shark eat plankton - ovoviviparous, hatching the eggs within the female and bearing live young - predatory, but only a small number are known to attack humans unprovoked - six to seven feet long - slow-growing and slow to reproduce - smaller and eat small fish and crabs - solitary animals, though a few, such as the spiny dogfish shark, form schools - very social - bear live young, although some species lay eggs with protective horny shells - can detect blood and animal odors from many miles away - come from sea - develop lungs * Most sharks eat animals - bony fish - chums - fish, squid, marine mammals, and scavenge any other available food source - flesh - squids * Most sharks eat their prey whole, or tear off large chunks of flesh at a time - or they tear off large chunks of flesh - or they tear off large chunks of the bodies - tuna - victims * Most sharks feed in bays * Most sharks feed on animals - marine animals - small creatures - find in gulfs - float in water - give birth in warm water during the late spring and early summer * Most sharks give birth to live young, but some release eggs that hatch later - live birth * Most sharks grow brains - cells - organs - stomachs - tails - to size * Most sharks has-part bones - extremities - eyes - gills - glands - lids - mouths - muscles - tissue * Most sharks have a rounded body shaped like a torpedo - tough-skinned, streamlined shaped body, somewhat like a torpedo - well-developed sense of vision - cartilages - density - diets - eyesights - few young and take a long time to mature * Most sharks have five different kinds of fins, which lift, stabilze and propel the shark - types of fins, while some sharks only have four - pairs of gill slits, but some have six or seven pairs - genus * Most sharks have good senses - vision even though most are nocturnal feeders - heads - hearts - layers - livers - mechanisms - mouths located on the underside of their snout - projection surfaces - receptors - second dorsal fins - shape teeth - shapes - sharp teeth that are used to catch their food - sides - similar mechanisms - snouts - soft cartilages - specific mating areas - tail fins - taper tails - teeth that differ in the upper and lower jaws - tendencies - their mouths on the underside of the head - thick heads - unique shapes - variation * Most sharks have vertical fins - hide in reefs * Most sharks inhabit coastal water - shallow water - kill prey * Most sharks live in coasts - cold water * Most sharks live in shallow sea - the tropics - tropical and temperate inshore waters - on reefs - only in the marine environment in full-strength saltwater - love blood * Most sharks migrate to gulfs * Most sharks move eyes - never encounter a human being * Most sharks occur in sea - temperate sea * Most sharks occur in warm sea * Most sharks play in oceans * Most sharks possess blood * Most sharks prefer ocean saltwaters - temperate water - to eat certain types of invertebrates, fish and other animals * Most sharks prefer warm saltwaters - require food * Most sharks seek fish - seize fish * Most sharks survive in fresh water * Most sharks swallow their food whole or bite it into relatively large pieces - whole, without chewing * Most sharks swim by thrusting their tail fins from side to side - constantly but leisurely, propelled by the sculling motion of the body and tail - continuously * Most sharks swim in oceans - take years to reach sexual maturity and raise few pups in a lifetime - use aggression primarily in their quest for prey * Most sharks wait for fish * Some sharks are endothermic however - even plankton-eaters - filter feeders - inside aquaria - located in coasts - member of families - only as big as a human hand - oviparous , laying their eggs in the water - pregnant for two to three years before giving birth * Some sharks are so rare they lack any common name, having only a scientific name - well equipped for eating that they're all teeth - avoid predators - belong to families - bite hands - can gulp air into their stomach which can provide some buoyancy * Some sharks can live for a year without eating, surviving on the oil stored in their livers - in oceans, rivers and lakes - one year without eating - replace their front teeth every two weeks - swim very fast - use so-called apparent death - crush their prey - deposit a fertilized egg sac on the ocean floor - develop antibodies - disappear from feeds for periods of around three months * Some sharks eat adult sea turtles - anything - dolphins - hatchlings - mainly fish - octopi - shellfishes - stingrays - urchins * Some sharks even eat swordfish - launch their heads out of the water and can be touched - prey on their own kind * Some sharks feed on plankton - whales * Some sharks give birth to animals * Some sharks go into tonic immobility when they are turned upsidedown - to bays - grasp the female pectoral fins, or bite and hold onto the body * Some sharks grow bones - to be only a foot long - has-part snouts - hatch eggs inside their bodies then give birth to live young * Some sharks have bamboo sharks - concentration - cones - few natural predators - five rows of teeth - flat bodies so they can hide in the ocean floor - greenish tints - large jaws - live babies - lobes - lower lobes - molarlike grinding teeth - ovaries - placentas - sensitivity - shark pups - single ovaries - small openings called spiracles behind the eyes at the top of the head - spiracles, which are special gill slits located just behind the eyes - testes - to always swim to maintain buoyancy - upper lobes - whorls * Some sharks inhabit coastal regions * Some sharks kill people - surfers - live at the bottom of deep underwater canyons * Some sharks live in gulfs * Some sharks maintain body temperature - migrate over great distances to feed and breed - now reside in fake habitats along with other types of aquatic live * Some sharks only eat each other - fish, others only eat crabs, still others only seals * Some sharks possess antibodies * Some sharks prey on bottlenose dolphins - great hammerheads - juvenile hammerheads - produce a shell that is tough and can protect the young - provide nutrients - range in size * Some sharks reach maturity - require aquaria - shed layers - spread microbes - stay in the same region their entire lives while others travel across oceans - survive by making their blood as toxic as the surrounding water - tend to search for food at night - thrive in environments - wrap their eggs around plants * account for just one per cent of all the species fished in the world - percent of all the species fished in the world * also attack humans because they have been provoked or agitated by the person - can explain the origins of the immune system in evolution, experts say - come in many sizes - feed on dead or dying animals * also have a conveyor belt system of dental replacement - lateral line system - very acute sense of hearing - an acute sense of smell - gill slits on their heads rather than gill covers - typically five on each side - good eye sight, and hearing - large livers full of low-density oils, which provide some buoyancy * also have very low growth rates, a problem that is compounded by overfishing - a problem that is related to the problem of overfishing - prefer to attack at dawn or dusk - regulate the big parrotfish that feed on coral - reveal great diversity in behavior and size - seem to use their electrical sense for navigation and migration - serve to remove the sick, diseased, weak or injured animals from the ocean - show great diversity in size - vary in lifestyle - withdraw from sounds that have a sudden onset * apparently are the only animals that never get sick. * are Elasmobranch fish. * are a common catch in the spring and summer - seafood in many places , including Japan and Australia - cosmopolitan species, with many makes and models - dolphin's main predator - formidable predator throughout the life cycle of the Green Sea Turtle - keystone species - problem for the Hawaiian monk seal, as are commercial fishing nets - second group of marine life that is headed for trouble * are a type of fish that have no bones, only cartilage - valuable fishery for their fins, a delicacy in the Orient * are a very good example of fusiform predators - important part of the balance in the ocean - vital part of the overall ecosystem * are able to pick up very small electrical pulses that all living things emit - see color contrasts extremely well - abundant along with a large range of pelagic fishes - afraid of jet skis - almost exclusively marine in distribution * are also fine to be afraid of - the ocean's garbage disposals - very, very sensitive to electrical fields - amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed - among the healthiest creatures on earth * are among the most biologically vulnerable species in the ocean - sensitive to electric currents of all ocean creatures - successful and ancient groups of fishes * are an abundant species and an important food resource throughout the world - ancient line of fish - important part of the reef ecology - integral facet of the ocean environment - often misunderstood but very important component of the undersea community - old family of fish, dating back many millions of years to the Devonian Period * are animals that are superbly adapted to their environment - with a great deal of cartilage * are at the top of the food chain - ocean food pyramid - very top of the marine food chain - buoyant because of the oil contained in their over-sized livers - by no means the only pelagic animals under stress * are capable of surviving on average six weeks without eating - carnivorous and eat fish, including other sharks * are cartilaginous fish which move continuously in order to breath - cold-blooded fish and have a skeleton that is made of cartilage - common off Australia's beaches, but fatal attacks are rare - critical keystone predators that continue to maintain the balance of our fragile oceans - different from most other kinds of fish - difficult to control, but they can be hooked and subdued - dumb and they have been around for hundreds of millions of years - eaten as seafood in many areas, including Japan and Australia - elasmobranchs - especially vulnerable to overfishing because they mature slowly * are extremely diverse in form, feeding habits, range of movement, and use of habitat - sensitive to even the slightest voltage * are fairly intelligent, and have been compared to dogs or cats - have numerous senses to detect prey - fast swimmers - fierce predators, but they are very cautious * are fish and, like other species of fish, use gills to breathe rather than lungs - because they have gills and get their oxygen from the water * are fish that live in the water and are cold-blooded animals - throughout the world's oceans - fish, and virtually all fish breathe through the use of gills - food for the rich and the poor - formidable hunters, the top of the ocean's food chain * are found all over the globe at different temperatures, and depths - in all seas - girthful, and use their width to drive forward with each body gyration - gnathostomes - good to eat - hard to kill - hatched or born as juveniles, or smaller versions of the adult - immune to practically every disease known to man - important apex predators in the marine environment * are important to the health of the oceans - ocean's ecosystems and to both recreational and commercial fishermen - imune to every known sickness, including cancer * are in danger of being overfished - extinction due to demand for their fins - inclined to bite when they smell blood - insects - interesting because they lived before the dinosaurs - internal fertilizers - key for a healthy reef * are known as sharks - to live for many years - lighter than bony fishes because cartilage is lighter than bone tissue * are located in bad movies - barrier reefs - business - coral reefs - museums - news - nightmares - novels - pacific oceans - pacifics - pet shops - poker games - restaurants - salt water - seawater - tanks * are located in television programs - shows - zoos - loners - marine predators and that's the bottom line - mean, nasty creatures that eat people - misunderstood animals - more closely related to skates than to sea trout * are more likely to attack a lone person - lone swimmer or individual surfer - multicellular organism - normally offshore, but have been caught close to the beach as well - notorious for beating a tarpon to a surface plug - omnivorous, which means they eat both meat and vegetation * are one of the few sea creatures that practice internal fertilization and bear live pups - increasingly rare organisms seen on coral reefs * are one of the most common species that are known to exist in almost all the Oceanic waters - feared sea animals - opportunistic when it comes to finding food * are part of a family of fishes known as cartilage fishes - nature's recycling system - that nature - particularly sensitive to sounds of low frequency and have fine directional hearing - picky eaters - pre-historic and swam the oceans during the dinosaur era - predators of the marine world - predatory animals * are present everywhere from the tropical seas to the polar region - in Hawaiian mythology - primarily marine, but a few species travel far up rivers * are relatively rare creatures - rare, slow to breed, and take a long time to reach sexual maturity - remarkable at healing after injuries for instance - sensitive to light and can detect certain objects even in murky water - sexually dimorphic - slow and cumbersome * are slow to mature and usually produce only very few young each time they breed - some of the most frequently studied cartilaginous fish * are some of the oldest and most successful vertebrates on the earth - creatures on the planet - still so misunderstood as dangerous sea creatures - strong animals with very powerful jaws, some of which are capable of killing a human * are the apex predators of the ocean - chief natural enemies of dolphins - greatest fish in the world, and the most invulnerable - main predators of the Australian sea lion * are the most ferocious fish in the sea - successful predators in the ocean - oldest, smartest, and the most beautiful of all fish * are the only fish that have cartilage instead of bones - eyelids, termed nictitating membranes - true stars - their main predators - top predators and keep levels of other marine life in check - trash fish - unable to see things clearly at a short distance - unique among living creatures in that they almost never get sick - unpredictable - usually very picky about what they eat - vertebrates without a bony skeleton * are very good predators because of their excellent eyesight - numerous everywhere, especially the gigantic hammerheads and white-tipped sharks - powerful and beautiful creatures, and they are also very dangerous * are very sensitive to low frequency sounds and have good directional hearing - the smell of blood - susceptible to over fishing due to their slow reproduction rate - well aware of their environment and appear to be fairly curious by nature - vicious man-hunters - voracious feeders on fish and other animals * are well camoflaged to their surroundings - known to be highly suceptible to the stresses of capture and containment - wild animals, and deserve the same level of respect given to any other wild animal - wrongdoers * belong to a group known as elasmobranchs - of fishes known as elasmobranchs * belong to the cartilage fish subgroup - sea environment and they are on the top of the ecological food chain * bite objects. * breathe under water - using gills * can Socialize - actually suffer from cancer * can also detect sound with their lateral line system - feel vibrations in the water made by other fish * can also sense electric and magnetic fields - electrical currents in the water indicating the presence of other fish * can be difficult to study in their native environment - highly social, remaining in large schools * can be six inches long and fully mature - yet fully matured * can detect as little as one part per million of blood in the water from a mile away - blood and body fluids in very small concentrations - incredibly small electrical fields - tiny amounts of blood - follow just a few molecules of scent to it's source from miles away - have from five to seven gills - look like regular fish to the untrained eye - monitor vibrations in the water with a lateral-line system - mutate too - pump water over their gills by opening and closing their mouths - rapidly adapt to new environments when looking for food - secrete any extra salts through the rectal gland * can see color, as indicated by the presence of cone cells in their retinas - well and they are very sensitive to movement - sense blood in the water as little as one part per million from a mile away * can sense electrical impulses produced by animals - muscle movement in prey animals - shed many thousands of teeth throughout their lifetime * can smell blood from a mile away - half a mile away - over a mile away - travel with great bursts of speed when excited * catch fish * chase fish * close eyes - their eyes when they bite something * come by the shore because most of their food is in that area - in a range of sizes * come in all sizes, shapes, and colors - different colors and shapes * conjure images of horror in many people's minds. * conserve trimethylamine oxide and urea in blood. * consider humans too bony and lean to make a good meal. * continually loose their teeth - replace lost teeth - shed teeth as they grow * desire eats. * differ from most other fish in several ways - kinds of fish in a number of ways * do attack humans from time to time, but the risk of attack is actually very slight. * do get cancer even in their cartilage - cancer, even cancer of their cartilage - sick, but their incidence of disease is much lower than among the other fishes * do have some bones, but it is limited to their spinal column - to deal with a slight influx of salt, which is excreted by a rectal gland - in fact get cancer * dominate water. - everything - far less than most people imagine - lots of things, but fish and squid are in the diet of some species also - periodically depending upon their metabolism and the availability of food - sick, injured or weak fish because they're easier to catch - swimmers but ignore boats - tuna that eat mackerel that eat herring that eat copepods that eat diatoms - tuna, plankton, sardines, herring, small fish, and other sharks * embody the spirits of long-dead but still fractious relatives. * encounter divers. * even possess a crude form of color vision. * exhibit a great diversity in reproductive modes - all of the different kinds of reproduction * exist in a wide range of sizes, shapes, colors, behaviors and abilities. * face intense environmental pressure, and several species are now endangered. - stingrays, barbed tail notwithstanding - primarily on fishes, crabs, mollusks, seabirds and seals, etc * figure prominently in Hawaiian mythology. * generally attack in inshore waters, near deep channels or where rivers empty into the sea - have a small brain in comparison to their body weight * get oxygen from the water through gills, as do other fish. * give birth to offspring. * go more by smell than sight - out to sea at the approach of a wave of cold weather - to the shore so they can see food they eat - relatively slowly and have low reproductive rates * has-part backs * hate to peel their food. * have a bad reputation as being dangerous, fearless and unpredictable - blood salinity closer to freshwater than do salmon * have a boneless skeleton made of cartilage that tough elastic substance - up of cartilage and a rounded body shaped like a torpedo - cartilage skeleton - continual growth of teeth so if one breaks it is immediately replaced - good sense of smell - habit of eating people - highly developed sense of smell - lot to fear from humans - lousy sense of smell - number of fleshy gill slits instead of a bony gill cover - remarkable sense of smell, to detect even minute amounts of blood in the water - resistance to cancer - set of teeth that stand up like our teeth do - skeleton made up of a tough, elastic substance called cartilage - slighter higher osmolarity than that of the sea water because they retain urea - special kind of scales called denticle - tendency to work together as a team - tongue referred to as a basihyal - total of six senses, five of which are involved in locating food * have a unique and effective immune system - eye with a mirror behind the retina * have a very keen sense of smell for blood - unique jaw structure, which makes their mouths especially effective weapons - amazing Adaptation capabilities * have an electrical sense system for detecting prey - endoskeleton of cartilage alone and have no bones though they are vertebrates - excellent sense of smell and is how they are attracted to their prey - inner ear that is used to pick up acceleration and gravity in addition to sound - at least five rows of teeth - bones like other fishes - broad heads and oversized mouths evolved for eating - cartilage and have less bones - choices - crush teeth - denticles instead of scales - different-shaped teeth, depending on what they eat - electric sensory perception, from small sense organs in the pores of their nose - excellent eyesight and can see objects moving even in dim light - extremely well-developed sensory capabilities - feet and climbing equipment - fewer young at a time than most fish do - gill slits on each side of the head - to seven gill slits - gill slits rather than pores, and gill septa that help support gill filaments - gills on each side of their heads * have good eyesight for being in the water, so they can see well during the day or the night - great sense of hearing - heterocercal tail in which the vertebral column extends up and into dorsal lobe of tail * have highly developed sensors that can perceive even very weak electrical signals - sensitive eyes that can see extremely well in dim light - instinct * have internal fertilization, and most give birth to live young - keen olfactory sense organs in the short duct between the front and back nasal openings - little commercial values * have lots of rows of teeth - teeth - rows and rows - low blood pressure - lunate caudal fins * have many gills slits on their necks - other interesting characteristics - rows of teeth, and if one is lost, another is available to replace it - uses to humans - multiple rows of teeth that are continually shed * have no bones and are composed of cartilage - chest, and therefore they can be easily crashed on ground by their own weight - overlapping scales covering their bodies like other fish - nostrils - numerous rows of teeth attached at their bases by connective tissue - one of the keenest senses of smell of any animal - only a single type of heavy chain constant region, whereas humans have eight - peanut-sized brains and are incapable of learning - plenty * have poor eyesight, but are good at sensing vibrations in the water - powerful immune systems and can resist many diseases, including cancer - relatively large brains, and can be compared to relatively advanced animals - sensory organs on their noses that detect movement * have several means of sensing prey - sharp, triangle-shaped teeth - skeletons composed of cartilage rather than of bone - skin covered in millions of tiny teeth-like scales that point to the tail - super senses that can detect any prey from miles away - teeth for tearing meat, and breathe in water * have the cartiliginous skeleton while the everyday guppie has bones - greatest sensitivity of any known marine animal to electric fields * have the reputation of attacking human beings - the most fearsome creatures in the sea - same five senses as people - tough skin covered with rough modified scales, called dermal denticles - very sharp teeth and a good sense of smell and are very fast swimmers * have what is known as a lateral line system * help balance out the ecology in oceans. * hunt fish * include extinct sharks - great white sharks - horn sharks - zebra sharks * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * increase in backcountry and offshore. * inhabit all the coastal waters and estuarine habitats of Australia's coast * inspire awe even when observed through aquarium glass. * is fish * keep getting new teeth all their lives - growing their teeth throughout their lives - replacing their teeth all their lives - the ocean clean by eating dead or wounded fish - three swimmers in less than a year * lack a swim bladder, so when they stop swimming they start to sink - airbladders that give bony fish buoyancy - the air bladder of bony fish to maintain buoyancy - true bone but instead have cartilaginous skeletons that are much lighter * leap up out of placid waters. * like flesh. * like to follow the edge - hunt alone * live all over the world, from warm, tropical lagoons to polar seas - over, from the cold polar waters to the warm tropical seas * live in the sea although a few live in inland waters - and estuaries in Queensland but shark attacks are rare - only in warm water * locate their prey by the low-frequency sounds emitted during swimming and other activities. * lose teeth continuously throughout their lives. * maintain a high level of urea in their blood and eyes - an internal environment which is hypertonic to seawater - neutral buoyancy by swimming constantly so that water can pump across their gills * mature at a slow rate, leaving less time for it's species to reproduce - late in life, grow slowly, and produce few offspring * navigate mainly by electro-reception and a sensitivity to pressure and water temperature. * never attack without reason - stop growing new teeth * normally avoid humans. - on many of Australia's beaches * often employ complex hunting strategies to engage large prey animals - swim by the spot to feed on the abundant reef fish population * open mouths. * pass through all the previous stages to the eel or single nostril stage in their development. * patrol the waters above and around the reef. * perform an important role in the ecosystem, at the top of the oceanic food chain. * play a key role as top predators. * pose threats. * possess a heterocercal caudal fin - superior immune system * prefer fish - human blood - to attack lone victims * prey most often on the weak members of a population - on loggerhead turtles throughout their lives * produce slowly and produce few young. * propagate by two's and four's, dozens at most. * propel themselves using their tail fins. * prowl the ocean depths and swim near sunny, sandy beaches. * recover rapidly from severe injuries. * reproduce at a very slow rate - internally * reproduce sexually and eggs are fertilized internally - with internal fertilization - through internal fertilization and many shark species give birth to live young * require a wire leader because of their sharp teeth * roam oceans - meals * seem to have a natural immunity to cancer. * serve as an important part of the underwater community. * share the top ocean predator spot with large squid, seals, dolphins and toothed whales * shed their teeth a lot, and that's why there are so many fossil teeth around - throughout their lives, so fossil shark teeth are common in some places * simply retain the fertilized eggs in the mother s body until they hatch. * sink when they stop swimming. * sometimes attack people, and sometimes it ends in death - misinterpret the movement of swimmers for that of a fish * spend much of their time slowly cruising, keeping an eye out for a good meal. * start schooling in Skeleton Bay. * still live in the gulf water. * stop growing when they reach puberty. * swallow animals - their food whole or in big chunks - very fast and breath using gills * tend to attack individuals - avoid the electric fields created by outboard motors - be seen quite often in cartoons whenever a scene involves the ocean - have active and inactive periods rather than sleep - prefer the shallower continental shelf areas - sink because they lack the buoyant swim blad- der of most bony fishes * use electromagnetic impulses given off from fish thrashing in the water to find their prey - their tail to move through the water * use three different methods of reproduction - primary methods to find their prey * usually feed at night. * vary greatly in size and habitat. * visit coasts * wander randomly through the ocean. * wear some type of identifying equipment. * yield more marketable products than any other single group of fishes. + Common misconceptions, Science, Biology: Society :: Lists :: Knowledge * Sharks can actually suffer from cancer. The myth that sharks do not get cancer was spread by the 1992 book 'Sharks don't get cancer' by I. William Lane. Extracts of shark cartilage was sold as cancer prevention treatments. Reports of carcinomas in sharks exist, and current data do not allow any speculation about the incidence of tumors in sharks. + Gill: Animal anatomy :: Anatomy of the respiratory system * Fish and frog gills are hidden on the sides of their heads. Sharks have many gills slits on their necks. Baby salamanders have gills that stick out like leaves from their heads. + Shark, Characteristics * Sharks have different-shaped teeth, depending on what they eat. For instance, some sharks have sharp, pointy teeth, while bottom dwelling sharks have cone-shaped teeth for crushing shells. Because there are so many different kinds of sharks, and because each kind has its own kind of special teeth, many people enjoy collecting shark teeth. First, they measure the length of the tooth in inches. Even more terrifying is that some of the 'Megalodon' teeth are 6 inches long so that suggets a shark 60 feet long. * Sharks have skin covered in millions of tiny teeth-like scales that point to the tail. If you rub along a shark towards the tail, it would feel smooth, but if you rub the other way, it would be rough. Sharks' teeth can be 20 times as big as human teeth and they can grow back if they are lost * Sharks are a common seafood in many places, including Japan and Australia. In the Australian state of Victoria, shark is the most commonly used fish in fish and chips, in which fillets are battered and deep-fried or crumbed and grilled. The soft bones can be easily chewed. They are considered a delicacy in coastal Tamil Nadu - Reproduction, Oviparity * Some sharks are oviparous, laying their eggs in the water. The egg has a yolk that feeds the embryo, very much like a chicken egg - Senses, Smell + Tonic immobility, Sharks: Zoology :: Ethology	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Angel shark * Most angel sharks have senses - live in environments * Some angel sharks have jaws * bury themselves on the Ocean bottom, and wait for prey to swim by - seabed and wait for prey to come near * feed mainly on bony fish, but also eat skates, crabs and squid. * have nostrils * kill prey. * tend to live in fairly shallow seas, feeding on bottom-living animals. Baby shark * are called pups. * grow in their egg cases, nourished by yolk for several months before hatching. * like to swim up and down. * look after themselves independently from the moment of hatching or birth - quite similar to grown sharks, only smaller<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Blue shark * Most blue sharks have diets - skin * are a highly migratory species with a circumglobal temperate and tropical distribution - also probably the widest ranging shark species - among the shortest-lived of the big sharks - fish * are found in very deep waters - worldwide , in temperate and tropical waters - here seasonally and are abundant near the surface in the summer - known to migrate thousands of miles for food and for mating - moderately long-lived, slow growing, and have relatively low fecundity - one of the most important species in the international shark-fin trade * make regular migrations to warmer waters in the winter months. * spend almost all their time in the open ocean. * tend to have quite a healthy appetite. + Blue shark, Behaviour * The Blue shark has one of the largest ranges in terms of depths of the water. They can be found from the surface to the bottom. This type of adaption makes it easy for them to be able to find food. Blue sharks are known to migrate thousands of miles for food and for mating. Instead, they form groups based on their gender and on their size. Due to their territorial instincts and their aggressive behaviours, divers have to be very careful around them. Many of the filmings of these sharks have been done with the divers in cages for the divers' own personal safety - Conservation * Although Blue sharks are among the most abundant, widespread, and fast growing shark, they are one of the most heavily fished sharks in the world. With an estimated 10 to 20 million individuals caught and killed each year, there is concern not only about what this is doing to Blue shark populations, but also about the effect the removal of such an important predator might have on the oceanic ecosystem. Blue sharks are one of the most important species in the international shark-fin trade. However, their meat, while eaten in a few countries, is not very popular - Habitat: Sharks * Blue sharks are found worldwide, in temperate and tropical waters. They are a pelagic species that rarely comes near shore, but have been known to frequently swim to inshore areas around oceanic islands, and locations where the continental shelf is narrow. In the western Atlantic they can be found from Newfoundland, Canada to Argentina, and in the eastern Atlantic they range from Norway to South Africa, including the Mediterranean. In the Indian Ocean, they range from South Africa to Indonesia, and in the western Pacific they are found from Japan to New Zealand. In the eastern Pacific, Blue sharks range from the Gulf of Alaska to Chile Bramble shark * Most bramble sharks have skin. * eat a variety of bony fishes, small sharks, and crabs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Bull shark * Most bull sharks eat fish. * Most bull sharks feed on bony fish - grow to size * Most bull sharks have eyes - snouts - prefer warm saltwaters * Most bull sharks survive in fresh water * Some bull sharks eat sharks. * Some bull sharks prey on bottlenose dolphins * are a 'requiem' species, reaching up to ten feet in length - common visitor to local beaches and can tolerate high levels of freshwater - able to regulate themselves to live in either fresh water or salt water - born alive in freshwater - categorized as viviparous as they give birth to live pups - fast swimmers * are found along all of the continental coasts of subtropical and tropical oceans - in both freshwaters as well as in saltwater - large and stout, with females being larger than males - one of the three most dangerous species, beside the white shark and tiger shark - pale to dark gray above, fading to white on their underside - usually pale to dark grey above , and their undersides are white - very robust-bodied and have a blunt, rounded snout - viviparous , meaning that they give live birth * can live in fresh water - store salt in their bodies - thrive in both saltwater and freshwater and can travel far up rivers * have an unusual migratory pattern in comparison to other sharks - can detect electricity in animals * live all across the world. * prefer ocean saltwaters - shallow and warm ocean saltwater * reach maturity depending on where they are. * tend to occur in shallow coastal waters where visibility is often poor. * travel far into freshwater rivers and lakes. + Bull shark, Behaviour, Reproduction * Bull sharks are viviparous, meaning that they give live birth. The gestation period is about one year, usually during the summer months but sometimes in early autumn as well. Bull sharks usually migrate to river mouths to mate and have their young. Coastal lagoons, river mouths, and estuaries with low salt contents are common nursery habitats - Description: Sharks * Bull sharks have a very sturdy body, and have a blunt, rounded snout, giving the Bull shark it's name. The first dorsal fin is large and widely triangular with a pointed tip. The second dorsal fin is noticeably smaller. The pectoral fins are also large, and have sharp tips. Bull sharks have quite small eyes as compared to other carcharhinid sharks, which might mean that vision is not a very important hunting tool for this species which is usually found in muddy waters. Bull sharks are usually pale to dark grey above, and their undersides are white. In young Bull sharks, the fins have black tips which turn to a dusky colour as they grow Freshwater shark * Most freshwater sharks inhabit shallow water. * Some freshwater sharks have concentration. Great hammerhead shark * feed on fish. * have heads - thick heads Great white shark * feed on animals - marine animals * live in sea. Ground shark * are found in open oceans , seas , estuaries , and brackish waters. * comprise some of the most familiar-looking sharks known to man. * have a special membrane which protects their eyes when needed. + Carcharhiniformes: Sharks * Ground sharks have a special membrane which protects their eyes when needed. They have two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Hammerhead * All hammerheads have white tufts of hair at the base of the ears. * Most hammerheads eat fish - small fish * Most hammerheads feed on fish - southern stingrays * Most hammerheads have eyes - flat heads - senses - sweet teeth * Some hammerheads are caught by fishermen - sport fishermen - give birth to fish * Some hammerheads have fins - placentas * also retreat back to warmer waters in the winter. * are also to be seen in group ceremonies, usually near a nest. * are among the most commonly caught sharks for finning - species that can be found along the Georgia coast today - distinctive sharks whose heads have evolved to look like hammers - especially good swimmers because of the hydrodynamic function of their head - found worldwide in warmer waters along coastlines and continental shelves - nocturnal, meaning they are most active during the evening - one of the most highly evolved types of shark - part of hammers - the easiest to identify, with their peculiar hammer-shaped snout * eat bony fishes, other sharks, crustaceans and lots of stingrays - squid, shrimps, and lobsters - other fishes, cephalopods, crustaceans, and turtles * gather in large schools for hunting, migration and social purposes - schools and live near the pinnacles and ridges of the Sea Mountain * get their common names from the large hammer-shaped head. * have ability - characteristics - disproportionately small mouths and seem to do a lot of bottom-hunting - quite a range in size depending on the species - relatively small teeth with smooth cutting edges * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * live in shallow tropical and warm temperate waters and have attacked people. * move in from the open ocean to the reef, feeding on fishes, squid and crustaceans. * sometimes congregate in great numbers.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Hammerhead shark * Most hammerhead sharks eat fish. * Most hammerhead sharks feed on fish - squids * Most hammerhead sharks have heads - thick heads * Some hammerhead sharks belong to families - eat stingrays * Some hammerhead sharks have greenish tints * are found in warm coastal tropical and temperate waters across the globe - viviparous animals * get their name after specific shape of the head that looks like a flat hammer. * have an unmistakable scalloped-shaped head, or a cephalofoil - white bellies and olive green or grey-brownish back * inhabit all along the tepid waters and other coastlines and continental shelves. * is probably the weirdest type of sharks. * live in groups called schools. * seem to adapt well to their surroundings. * tend to form schools of fifty to two hundred. + Scalloped hammerhead, Endangered status: Sharks * The reason for this is because of over-fishing for shark fins. Their fins are made into shark fin soup. Researchers are calling for a ban on Shark finning, which is when the fin's of sharks are cut off and the rest of the animal is thrown back into the water to die. Hammerhead sharks are the most commonly caught sharks for finning. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark \| hammerhead shark: Bonnethead * are fish. * have a long nose and a shovel-shaped head, and are in fact related to the hammerhead. * often travel in schools near the water's surface. * swim in small groups but sometimes groups of hundreds congregate near the surface. Great hammerhead * Most great hammerheads eat fish. * Most great hammerheads feed on southern stingrays - have senses * Some great hammerheads are caught by fishermen	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark \| hammerhead: Scallop hammerhead * Some scallop hammerheads have placentas - posterior edges * have characteristics. Smooth hammerhead * Most smooth hammerheads feed on fish. * Most smooth hammerheads have flat heads * are found worldwide in temperate waters. Horn shark * Some horn sharks have types. * are harmless unless harassed, and are readily maintained in captivity - innocuous towards humans * breed at the bottom of their environment. * eat sea urchins and crustaceans, grinding away their spines and crushing their shells. Large shark * Some large sharks eat mammals - marine mammals * Some large sharks have few natural predators * are a significant cause of mortality in young dolphins - the wolves and mountain lions of the sea * lurk everywhere. * swim by slowly, receding into the seemingly limitless distance. Larger shark * are more successful in capturing seals than smaller sharks. * feed mainly on bony fishes , especially ariid sea catfish and their eggs.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Lemon shark * Some lemon sharks reach maturity - sexual maturity. * The 'Lemon shark' shark that gets it's name from its deep yellow back. Its belly is off-white. Lemon sharks are usually eight to ten feet long. They have long, sharp teeth for catching slippery fish. Lemon sharks are common on the southeast coast of the United States of America * are found from New Jersey to southern Brazil in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean - in groups based on similar size - most common along the coasts of Latin America and the Caribbean - named for their yellow brown colouring * feed on prey that are intermediate in size compared to other available prey. * have a natural ability to throw their stomach outside of their bodies. Leopard shark * eat a variety of prey including fish, shrimp, clams and crabs - mainly bottom-dwelling fishes and invertebrates * range in size from three to six feet long and school in the shallows in the summer.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Loan shark * are located in race tracks. * lend everyone money at exaggerated interest rates. * are an informal way of describing a person that sells loans but with very high interest rates. This means that they pay you for now, and you pay them later. But you pay them much more than you got paid by them. Loan sharks tend to ask for something beforehand anyway, like someone's passport for reference. Loan sharks are mostly illegal. They tend to use blackmail and other nasty ways to get their money back - if you refuse to pay them back.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark \| mackerel shark: Basking shark * are a migrating species and are believed to overwinter in deep waters - continuous ram feeders - endangered sharks that inhabit coastal waters and feed on plankton - filter feeders that sieve small animals from the water - highly migratory - regulars during summer * are the most common large shark by-catch - world's second largest known species of shark * belong to the few plankton eaters in the shark world. * eat plankton and they move along with their mouths open wide filtering as they go. * feed on plankton, and use their gill rakers to collect plankton in the water column - only on plankton, especially copepods and small crustaceans * have large feathery gill-like structures to catch prey with. * live in coastal temperate waters. * mackerel shark * migrate mostly in schools, accordingly they also feed together. + Basking shark, Behaviour, Migration: Sharks * Basking sharks are highly migratory. Off the southwest coast of the United Kingdom, in the northeast Atlantic, the Basking shark feeds at the surface of coastal waters during the summer. These sharks are absent from November to March, suggesting a migration beyond the continental shelf during the winter months. During migration, Basking sharks form groups depending on size and gender.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark \| mackerel shark: Mako * Most makos live in tropical and warm temperate waters. * also tend to scavenge long-lined and netted fish. * are generally pelagic, or open ocean sharks - worldwide in distribution, favoring tropical and temperate waters * can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. * do frequent harbors and marinas while preying on such fish as sardines, cod, or herring. * feed on such fish as bluefish, herring, mackerel, and swordfish. * range from the surface to relatively deep waters. * swim in an aggressive militaristic manner. Mako shark * are quite large and are fast swimmers. * defend themselves with their long teeth and incredible speed. * is one of the most popularly consumed shark species. * live off shore and close to the surface of the water. Porbeagle * Some porbeagles are present in the Gulf of Maine all year. * are among the few fishes that exhibit apparent play behavior - definitely a cooler water species * eat mostly herring, mackerel and squid, small cod, hake and cusk. * have a torpedo-shaped body and two keels on the tail, making it an efficient swimmer. * mackerel shark<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark \| mackerel shark: White shark * Most white sharks eat fish. * Most white sharks feed on animals - marine animals - live in sea * Most white sharks occur in sea - temperate sea * Some white sharks eat dolphins - feed on whales * Some white sharks have jaws - natural predators * Some white sharks reach maturity - sexual maturity * are apex predators - most abundant near colonies of seals and sea lions - present in the waters off the southeastern United States during winter months - primarily a coastal species and often enter very shallow water in search of prey - warm-bodied * have choices. * rank among the most dangerous sharks. * slap the water with their tail too, often as a warning to competitors. * swim powerfully and prey on such large animals as sea lions, tuna, and other sharks. Male shark * are as reproductively complex as the females. * have claspers that are inserted into the female for fertilization Modern shark * Many modern sharks breathe through a technique called ram ventilation. * have a hinged jaw that is connected the skull through several series of ligaments. Moneylender * acquire children as collateral on loans to their families. * are often the only source of credit for economically disadvantaged individuals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Nurse shark * Most nurse sharks have fins. * are brownish in color - night hunters * are nocturnal , and are very sluggish and are harmless unless bothered - hunters and rest during the day - nocturnal, bottom dwelling, inshore sharks found in lagoons and outer reefs - very active during the night * do well in captivity. * eat bottom-dwelling fish, crabs, lobsters, and shrimp. * feed mostly on bottom invertebrates, including lobsters and sea urchins. * feed on crustaceans , mollusks , sea snakes , fish , coral , and tunicates - small animals living on the bottom * have dorsal fins - the simplest type of tooth arrangement found in sharks * rely primarily on smell to locate prey. * spend most of their time at the bottom of shallow water. * swim effortlessly looking for small bottom-dwelling invertebrates. * use thick lips to suck food from rocky crevices. * vary in color from tawny to dark brown. + Nurse shark, Behaviour * Nurse sharks are very active during the night. In addition to swimming near the bottom, the Nurse shark can move around on the sea floor, using its flexible, muscular pectoral fins as limbs - Description: Sharks * Nurse sharks have the simplest type of tooth arrangement found in sharks. This means that there is no overlapping between the teeth, and that forward movements of teeth leading to shedding does not depend on other teeth. With sharks that have many overlapping teeth, the replacement of teeth cannot take place until the outer blocking teeth are lost. Young Nurse sharks can replace their teeth quicker than adults. Also, teeth replacing occurs faster in summer, when water temperatures are higher. Once the Nurse sharks reach maturity, their growth rates usually become much lower Oviparous shark * include horn sharks - zebra sharks * lay egg cases. Prickly shark * appear to be extremely sluggish. * are rare deep water sharks that are found in the Monterey Bay. Sand tiger * are the only shark known to come to the surface and gulp air. * have a unique variation of ovoviviparity called intrauterine cannibalism.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Specie of sharks * Many species of sharks are endangered due to illegal killing - similar, and often are hard to tell apart * Most species of sharks are found in the oceans - have a rounded body, shaped somewhat like a torpedo - reside in saltwater which means they are found in the oceans * Some species of sharks give live birth to their young. * Some species of sharks have barbells, otherwise known as whiskers, near their nostrils - protective coverings for their eyes - lay eggs with the developing embryo covered by a tough, protective case - live in coastal waters, but others dwell far out at sea Spinner shark * Most spinner sharks feed on fish. * are large and slender and have a pointed snout - viviparous and have a yolk sac placenta * have a wide range and make seasonal migrations - no interdorsal ridge * live at the surface and in shallows, and they migrate along the coasts.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Thresher shark * All thresher sharks have tail fins nearly as long as the rest of the body. * are active, strong swimmers that are favorites among sport fishermen - long-tailed subtropical fish that swim along the surface - most plentiful off the California coast during the summer - ovoviviparous marine animals - very active fighters when hooked * feed chiefly on small schooling fish such as herring, mackerel and menhaden - upon small fish such as anchovies, mackerel, and squid * live in warm seas around the world. * use their long tails to stun shoaling fishes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Tiger shark * Most tiger sharks eat prey - have health * Some tiger sharks eat adult sea turtles * Some tiger sharks feed on sea turtles * Some tiger sharks have lobes - upper lobes - range in size * feed mainly on bony fish, rays, squid, crustaceans, seals, and dolphins. The Tiger shark is the only species in its family which is ovoviviparous, giving birth to 10-82 pups at a time * are abundant near islands with large populations of sea birds - aplacental and have a compartmentalized uterus with presumed matrotrophy - common in tropical and sub-tropical waters throughout the world - ecologically important predators of sea turtles and snakes - killed for fins, flesh and liver - known to have a wide variety of prey - mainly solitary - noted for having the widest food spectrum of all sharks - ovoviviparous - they produce eggs that hatch within the female's body - predators as well as dolphins - solitary hunters that feed primarily at night - very large and so they require a considerable amount of wide open space * can be dangerous. * feed mainly on bony fish , rays , squid , crustaceans , seals , and dolphins. * have a reputation for eating almost any animal - variety of sensors for locating prey * move closer to shore - inshore during albatross fledging season * swim both alone and in large schools. * undergo seasonal migrations. + Tiger shark, Behaviour, Feeding: Sharks * Tiger sharks are known to have a wide variety of prey. They have been known to feed on rays, bony fish, dolphins, carrion, sea birds, sea turtles, sea snakes, crustaceans, seals, squid, and small sharks of other species. Some Tiger sharks have been found with ship garbage, and car license plates in their stomachs. Adult Tiger sharks have also been known to prey on young Tiger sharks. Viviparous shark * form a placental from the embryo to the oviduct wall. * give birth to live young.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| shark: Whale shark * Most whale sharks feed on creatures - small creatures * Most whale sharks have livers - tendencies - years - live in sea - move heads * Most whale sharks occur in sea - temperate sea * Most whale sharks occur in warm sea * Some whale sharks eat plankton - tiny plankton - feed on plankton * allow divers to get very close. * are animals - exhibited in several aquariums worldwide * are filter feeders who sieve their tiny food through their large gills - located in oceans - migratory making population estimates difficult - one of the most commonly eaten species in Taiwan - quite common, and an absolute pleasure to see - rare, elusive creatures that scientists still know very little about - solitary creatures - technically viviparous, giving birth to live young * are the largest fish in the world, but they are also among the most mysterious - of the living fishes - viviparous , giving birth to live young * defy the stereotypical image of sharks as ferocious hunters. * feed in warm water on small schooling fishes, squids, and planktonic crus- taceans. - gametes released from snapper spawning aggregations in Belize - some of the ocean's tiniest creatures * filter their food from the water - because they are plankton eaters. * have a broad flat head with white spots and lines on their back - huge mouth, lined with tiny teeth - filter plates made of modified placoid scales - substantial economic value * is plankton feeder. - shallow water in the tropics and near-tropics around the world * live in tropical and temperate seas * migrate to feed and possibly to breed. - world-wide in tropical and temperate seas and are thought to be highly migratory * open mouths. * sift tiny organisms from the sea. Silver fish * are active at night or are active in dark places found throughout the structure. * eat proteins such as dried beef and dead or injured of their kind.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Silvery fish * swim around in the ice-clear water and small branches dip on the surface. * tend to be active in the day where their shininess blends in with sunlight.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Small fish * Many small fish inhabit the shallow waters - fishes live in the river * Most small fish eat organisms - plankton - zooplankton - live in oceans * Some small fish can develop in a couple of days - eat oysters - feed on animals * are abundant under the trees - eaten at the surface, but larger ones are taken to the shore to be consumed - illegal to catch, but many fishermen release a lot of their catch - swallowed whole, but large fish are held in the fore flippers and ripped apart * become more vulnerable to predation by larger fish and tend to be reduced. * called fringeheads slip into the round burrows. * can hide from big predators inside a coral reef. * eat enormous numbers of Daphnia and other cladocerans - microorganisms - prawns and shrimps * eat the plankton, medium fish eat the small fish and so on - remains of the shark - small animals - tubeworms and other small animals in the mud * escape in thick, dense and abundant aquatic plants. * feed larger bird and other animal species. * feed on ice algae and zooplankton * get big granules and they just take a piece, then spit the rest out. * have a distinct lateral band terminating In a deep caudal spot. * is eaten by bass. * need food. * seek refuge from larger and hungrier mouths. Smaller fish * are good eating when skinned and filleted - usually closer to shore - younger and generally have lower contaminant levels than larger, older fish * eat less smolts. * form the building blocks of the marine ecosystem. * hide from larger predators and look for new sources of food. * produce fewer eggs, and therefore fewer young. * tend to just bite off crawler. Smallmouth * have dorsal fins * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - fishbones - flippers - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - smallmouth bass - sperm - sterna - sunfishes - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * inhabit rivers. * survive in water. Smelt * Many smelts have quite a few dark spots on their sides and fins. * is fish Snook * Most snooks have foreheads - slope foreheads * Some snooks eat shrimp. * Some snooks have eyesights - jaws * Some snooks inhabit fresh water - cell membranes - fish scales - nuclei - rib cages - skulls - vertebrate feet * tend to hide along the shorelines of inlets and estuaries. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| snook: Common snook * Most common snooks have foreheads * Some common snooks have fins - survive in water * are protandric hermaphrodites, changing from male to female after maturation. Spawner * are fish - obtained mostly from natural waters * come to perpetuate their species. * guard the nest to protect it from intruders. * have firm red flesh. * is fish Spoiled fish * can smell bad, be slimy, or rancid. * have a sharp, peppery taste. Star fish * are used in ornamentation and some have medicinal value. * live in all oceans.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Stickleback * Most sticklebacks live in ponds. * Some sticklebacks have active thyroids - bones - genetics - pelvic bones - spines * Some sticklebacks have strong bones - inhabit lakes - live in lakes * Some sticklebacks reach maturity - sexual maturity - survive winter. * have strong separated spines in the dorsal fin. All species show similar mating behaviour, with co-operation between the sexes, and protection of the eggs. The males construct a nest from vegetation held together by secretions from their kidneys. The males then attract females to the nest. The females lay their eggs inside, where the males fertilise them. The males then guards the eggs until they hatch * are a dietary mainstay for many fish and birds - bottom-feeders that mainly eat tiny crustaceans - carnivorous, feeding on small animals such as insects, crustaceans and fish larvae - found in North America and northern Eurasia - noted for their highly ritualized reproductive behaviour - one of the most scientifically studied non-game fishes - single species of fish with a diversity of forms - small, scaleless fish with spines along their back in front of their dorsal fin * bony fish * breathe using gills. * eat small crustaceans and fish. * have air - appearances - distinct and well-studied reproductive behaviors - chests - fishbones - skulls - vacuoles * make up five genera, most of which have just one species. * obtain oxygen through countercurrent exchange in the gills. * provide a good example of male dominance in mating and nesting behavior. * utilize countercurrent exchange in their gills to increase their blood oxygen supply. Stickleback fish * Most stickleback fish have hearts - senses * Most stickleback fish live in environments - salt water ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| stickleback: Female stickleback * prefer to spawn with males whose nests contain eggs. * use male coloration in mate choice and hence avoid parasitized males. Fourspine stickleback * are found throughout the Bay year-round. * move to deeper channels in winter. Male stickleback * build elaborate, golf ball-sized nests. * produce a special enzyme in their kidneys that they use to bind plants together. ### animal \| vertebrate \| fish \| stonefish: Reef stonefish * Most reef stonefishs have spines. * Some reef stonefishs have reproduction. * are extremely well camouflaged, looking like an encrusted rock or lump of coral.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Triggerfish * Most Triggerfishes are brightly colored and marked with patterns of lines and spots. * Some triggerfish have large white spots - lipsticks * are one of the easiest of all marine fishes to care for. * have appearances - bony mouths - color patterns - colourful appearances * have distinctive color patterns - fins - incisors - large incisors - tendencies * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - fish scales - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sperm - sterna - tail fins - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - yolks * live singly, as pairs, in small groups or in schools. * prefer water.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Tropical fish * Many tropical fish do. * Some tropical fish can change almost instantly from yellow to scarlet or from red to green - have larvae * Some tropical fish prefer little salt * are a valuable commodity in international trade - located in aquariums * live in warm water and never venture into cold water. * move faster, grow and reproduce faster. * require warm water. * ride the tidal currents, pushing further north into the bay. * thrive in tanks with larger surface areas on top where oxygen levels are greater.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Type of fish * All types of fish can benefit from flake foods, including carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores - live with many large species * Many types of fish are below the level at which they can replenish themselves easily - can be hot-smoked * Many types of fish live in it - the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Georgia - use the huge kelp forests to hide from predators * Most types of fish contain little or no cholesterol - have edible skin e.g. cod, plaice and blacksole skin * Some types of fish disappear and their loss can lead to overgrowth of corals by seaweeds - jump up and catch the flying or perched dragonfly in their mouth + River, Important rivers: Biomes * Many types of fish live in it. It is the largest river in the world. Venomous fish * Most venomous fish deliver the toxins through the use of a spine. * inject there poison whereas poisonous fish simply excrete or exude it. Water fish * eat plankton. * have colour vision * inhabit rivers. White fish * good bait for lobster pots. * have strong sexual ardor, chasing each other and emit spawn when vents are approximated. White sturgeon * are native to Washington State and parts of Oregon, Idaho and British Columbia. * grow slowly but live long. * inhabit large rivers throughout the northwest - three large river systems, all on the western coast of North America * is fish - sturgeon * produce a very fine quality egg that compares with the more famous Russian caviar. Whole fish * have benefits. * refers to fish just as it comes from the water - ungutted fish Wild fish * appear to have a behavioral advantage. * are popular with anglers, while the koi carp are much-prized ornamental fish. * can also carry diseases. * enter the paddy during flooding and are captured at the end of the rice growing season. * exhibit strong colours only when agitated. * have an intact adipose fin. * migrate freely.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| fish: Young fish * are bright yellow with blue spots near their eyes - cannibalistic and sensitive to being handled - easy prey for larger fish - more susceptible to illness caused by parasites - most susceptible because the parasite attacks their soft cartilage - sand shifters, filtering small organisms from ingested sand - youngs * eat plankton, the tiniest plant and animal life. * feed exclusively on algae. * feed on insect larvae and switch to small fish, snails, and crayfish as they grow - larval fishes and insects - plankton, but as they grow the diet shifts to aquatic insects and their larvae - primarily on fish, crustaceans, and insects * feeds also on benthic species. * find food and shelter in the protective vegetation. * grow quickly. * have a dusky vertical bar on the caudal peduncle which fades with increasing age. * like to hide vertically in bushy plants. * move inshore and congregate into schools near the beach. * tend to mature fast. Younger fish * appear to follow different migratory routes than older fish. * are less likely to contain harmful levels of contaminants than older, larger fish - more adaptable to tank life * prefer to feed on amphipods and mayflies. Foetus * All foetuses burrow into the linings of their mothers' wombs, in search of nourishment - produce male and female precursor hormones * are most sensitive to dioxin exposure. * is formed by the repeated division of embryo and differentiation - simply the Latin word for young or offspring - the unborn young one of a viviparous animal after it has taken form in the uterus	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate: Hagfish * Most hagfishes attain different length - contain ovaries * Most hagfishes display rapid body movement * Most hagfishes have anatomies - cerebrums - comb teeth - fins - gills - jaws - metabolism - mouths - organs - single nostrils - skeletons - slow metabolism - stages - structures - vertebrae - inhabit marine environments - kill prey - live for months * Most hagfishes live in cold water - oceans * Most hagfishes survive for months - several months * Some hagfishes adapt to environments. * Some hagfishes are attacked by animals - other animals - harvested for food - catch live prey - eat fish - feed on worms * Some hagfishes have ability - concentration - degrees - eels - forces - hearts - partial skulls - tongues * Some hagfishes live in burrows - mud - on bottoms - locate food - possess sensitivity - produce slime - pump water - resemble lampreys - respond to stimuli * are a type of jawless fish which are the only parasitic vertebrates - eel-like scavengers that feed on dead invertebrates and other fishes * are entirely marine and are found in oceans around the world except for the polar regions - marine, very slimy, and feed on carrion and injured fishes - scavengers that look like large worms wit h feelers around the mouth - very different compared to all the other animals with craniums * capture in commercial fisheries * display body movement * find food. * have a skull of cartilage but lack jaws and vertebrae - small brain, eyes, ears, and a nasal opening that connects with the pharynx - kidneys - pinkish gray wormlike bodies and four or six short tentacles around their mouths * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * inhabit environments * is an agnathan * live in burrows they dig in muddy bottoms, mostly at moderate depths in cold waters - fairly deep water where there soft muddy bottom into which they can burrow * need salinity. * possess skulls. * prey on fish. * secrete slime - sticky slime ### animal \| vertebrate \| hagfish: Pacific hagfish * Some pacific hagfishes fill buckets - liter buckets - have tongues * are a crucial part of the cycle of life as they eliminate dead and dying organisms - member of one of the most primitive craniate groups - long and tubular in shape, resembling an eel * can create large amounts of slime in just minutes. Jawless fish * Most jawless fish have teeth - testes * Some jawless fish have defensive shields - large shields * appear in the Upper Cambrian. * become less numerous, with some groups becoming extinct. * have a long tube like body and a sucker mouth, no jaw, and no fins - notochord instead of a true backbone - bony gill supports between the gill slits * open mouths.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate: Lamprey * All lampreys spawn in the spring on shallow gravel beds in freshwater streams. * Many lampreys are parasites. * Most lampreys are parasites that feed by clamping a round, jawless mouth onto a fish - become pests * Most lampreys have eyes - larval phases - notochords - migrate to oceans - parasitize mammals - suck blood * Most lampreys use gills - muscles * Some lampreys attain maturity - sexual maturity - develop resistance - enter lakes * Some lampreys have blotches - dark blotches - distribution - fins - wide distribution * Some lampreys reach maturity * are also a major threat to a healthy fish community - always eel-like in shape, but have neither paired fins nor scales - anadromous, like salmon - ancient fish that have characteristics similar to the first vertebrates - capable of regenerating spinal cord tissue and function * are eel-like , scaleless animals - fish that suck blood from sports fish - found in both salt and fresh water, but hagfishes are strictly marine * are jawless fish - fishes that look a lot like sucker-mouthed eels - vertebrates that have a long narrow body - long, thin fish that live in the sea, but swim up rivers to lay their eggs - mostly filter feeders as larvae and parasites as adults - no more closely related to remoras than they are to trout, or turtles or turtledoves - parasitic, feeding off of other fish and mammals - primitive, jawless fishes, lack paired fins, and have seven porelike gill openings - semi-parasitic and use their mouth to attach to other fish - slime-covered animals that resemble eels but lack bones * are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy - most basal group of vertebrates - thought to be an early offshoot on the evolutionary tree, before sharks and fish * attach themselves to other fish and suck on their blood and body fluids - to host by suckers and feed upon blood and body fluids * do exhibit Osmoregulation - they are anadromous fishes for the most part. * feed on other fish and mammals - the blood of other fish species - upon fish with their suckers and breathe in and out of their branchial gill sacs * frequently attack fishes, causing their death. * go through four years of larval development before becoming adults. * has-part organs. * have a large sucking duck for a mouth and a well developed sense of smell - notochord as adults - sucker-like mouth that lacks a jaw - an amphitropical distribution and are restricted to relatively cold waters - differences - for a long time been used for food, particularly in Europe - no jaws, and their skeleton is cartilaginous - sucker mouths with rasp-like teeth and seven circular gill openings on each side - cell membranes - heads - pedal extremities - vertebrate feet - freshwater environments * is an agnathan * lack jaws. * live in most of the world's seas and fresh water streams. * live in salt and fresh water, and reproduce in fresh water - water and fresh water * occur in temperate waters in both the northern and southern hemispheres. * pass through an immature larval stage before metamorphosing into adults. * possess cell types * reach up to a length of four feet and as small as five inches. * remain ammocoetes for a period of several years. * reproduce in freshwater river beds, and bury their eggs about two centimeters underground. + Lamprey, Description: Vertebrates * Lampreys are eel-like, scaleless animals. They have well-developed eyes, one or two dorsal fins, a tail fin, a single nostril on top of the head, and seven gill openings on each side of the body. Like the hagfishes, they lack bones, jaws, and paired fins. ### animal \| vertebrate \| lamprey: Adult lamprey - notochords * parasitize mammals. * use muscles. Male lamprey * Most male lampreys have gill slits * Some male lampreys have fins.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| lamprey: Pacific lamprey * are an important cultural fish species. * have a round sucker-like mouth, no scales, and gill openings. Land vertebrate * develop problems. * have nostrils. * live in areas - diverse areas - such diverse areas Large vertebrate * Most large vertebrates have skeletons. * garner the greatest public interest and sentiment.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate: Mammal * -Gives lists of fauna that is rare, on the verge of extinction or protected. * ALL mammals are sexual. * All mammals also have hair, made of keratin. * All mammals are animals - born with the exception of the platypus - cats - endothermic and most are homeothermic - endothermic, or warm-blooded creatures - omnivores * All mammals are susceptible to becoming infected with the rabies virus - rabies, and any animal infected with rabies can transmit the virus - susceptible, including humans - vertebrate animals, which means they have a backbone - warm blooded and have a great sense of smell - well adapted for the biome they call home * All mammals breathe air, even whales and dolphins - in basically the same way, but some store oxygen more efficiently * All mammals can carry rabies - catch rabies, but some are more susceptible than others - contract rabies - learn and rely at least partially on learned behavior for survival - swim to some extent - transmit rabies - dream * All mammals feed their babies milk - infants with milk * All mammals feed their young on milk, which is made by glands in the skin or the mammary glands - through the process of lactation - with milk from the mother * All mammals give birth to live offspring * All mammals have a backbone - foreskin - gene called agouti - great deal in common genetically - mommy and daddy - single canine in each quadrant, if they have canines at all - thyroid gland - at least two legs - breasts and humans are no exception - four limbs * All mammals have fur or hair, yet they all look different from one another * All mammals have hair at least some time in their lives - even elephants and whales - on part or all of their bodies at some point in their development * All mammals have hair, a body covering made of keratin - slender, threadlike outgrowth of the epidermis - are warm-blooded, and give birth to live young which feed via mammary glands - mammary glands, and a placenta - hearts All mammals thus far observed have had hearts - livers, kidneys, endoskeletons, hair, noses, brains, etc * All mammals have lungs that are the main organs for breathing - to breathe air - mammary glands to feed their young - milk glands for their young, and they keep a constant body temperature - more genes in common with each other than, say, with a jellyfish - painful births, and elephants are no exception - several scent glands that they use to mark objects in their habitat - some sort of hair covering some, much, or virtually all of their bodies * All mammals have the limbic system - same number of chromosomes - three tiny bones in the ear, called the hammer, anvil and stirrup - two ears * All mammals including humans can get rabies - man are susceptible to rabies - interact with each other * All mammals make colostrum for their newborn - milk to feed their their young - mucus - nourish their young with milk - nurse their young - nurture their young with milk - possess at least some fur on their body - probably share the same genetic requirements for reproductive development * All mammals produce milk for their young - smegma - tough, flexible bone and cartilage - protect and look after their young, though details differ greatly - reproduce sexually, through internal fertilization * All mammals share several distinctive traits - some basic body parts - sleep although for varying times - suckle their young - thermoregulate their bodies to a specific range of temperatures - use their mouths and noses to breathe air into their lungs, according to Boundless * Any mammal can contract rabies. * Any mammal can get rabies, including humans, dogs, cats, cows, and horses - potentially transmit rabies * Every mammal can jump except elephants - is different * Generally live trapping is the best way to deal with any mammal pest. * Here are some carnivore mammals. * Learn about the characteristics that differentiate mammals from other vertebrates. * Many mammals also find a home here. * Many mammals are born with virtually no hair and grow more as they mature - dark dorsally and relatively pale ventrally, a pattern called countercoloration - fairly common and are most active during early morning or late evening - primarily nocturnal, and a walk at night with a good flashlight can be rewarding - bear offspring that see and walk as soon as they hit the ground - call Maine their home, both in the forest and along the coast - dramatize their sexual differences in urination posture - fluff up their fur when threatened, to look bigger and so more dangerous - get prion diseases, including mink, squirrels, elk, deer, and cats * Many mammals have a keen sense of smell and they, too, respond to shapes and shades of gray - considerable influence on soil communities - fur and other hairs that serve different functions - hooves that are cloven with two parts - more than one set of scent glands - no color perception - swimming movements identical with their terrestrial limb movements - testes located in a scrotum outside the body cavity - hibernate during the cold winter months when food is in short supply - inhabit the park, including black bear, moose, wolves, mountain goats, and coyotes * Many mammals live in cold places - families or groups - rainforests, including gorillas, sloths, jaguars, and people - social groups, such as of elephants or prides of lions - the sea - make use of burrows but only a few birds do -e.g - masturbate including humans, other primates, rodents, and more - migrate during special times of the year in order to get food and survive - move the external ear freely in order to detect sounds efficiently - shiver at low temperatures - therefore live on land - thrive in the rainforest and bats are among the most common - use urine to mark their territory * More mammals actually live there. * Most Mammals seek their food by day - mammals adapt for life * Most mammals adapt to arid conditions - cold conditions - environments - saltwater environments * Most mammals also experience a variety of light conditions, night, dawn, day and dusk - have body hair - possess sweat glands and specialized teeth * Most mammals are active all year - almost all fur-bearing and give birth to fully developed babies - color-blind - evolved from animals - known as primates * Most mammals are located in continents - nature - member of families - nocturnal and secretive in their habits - nose breathers - placental mammals, like cats, dogs, horses, and people - polygynist - quadrupedal, but man is bipedal - secretive, and all are interesting - shy, well camouflaged or nocturnal - therians, which give birth to live young - too fast for bears to catch, but moose calves are an exception * Most mammals are viviparous, but a few primitive ones lay eggs - giving birth to their offspring alive * Most mammals attain full size * Most mammals avoid attacks - fire - skunks - strip skunks * Most mammals bear live young - their young live * Most mammals belong to families - raccoon families - taxonomic families * Most mammals can adjust to various levels of protein intake - be active even in cold weather because they are warm-blooded - spread the disease but it is most often spread by raccoons, foxes, and skunks * Most mammals carry bacteria - chew food * Most mammals come from families - in contact * Most mammals consume cedar berries - plants - cross paths * Most mammals depend on diets - ecosystems - grass - descend from ancestors - develop limbs - dig burrows * Most mammals display features - structural features * Most mammals do have seven neck bones - that for their babies * Most mammals eat anything - blueberries - foliage - fruit - leaves - nuts - organisms - proteins - seeds - types - usual diets - vegetation - enjoy fruit * Most mammals enter shelter - zones * Most mammals excrete fluid - nitrogenous wastes in the form of urea , an ancestral trait - urate as a minor end product of nitrogen metabolism - waste fluid - face problems * Most mammals feed baby milk * Most mammals feed on fruit - find foliage - follow the one-half rule * Most mammals get ancestors - common ancestors - nutrients * Most mammals give birth to live young, as opposed to laying eggs - their young more protection and training than do other animals * Most mammals go into hibernation - true hibernation - grow cells * Most mammals has-part backs - claws - cortexes - diaphragms - eyes - feet - incisors - jaws - penises - shoulders - stomachs - toes * Most mammals have a good sense of hearing - larger and well-developed brain - mixture of rods and cones in their retinas - similar group of tissues making up their teeth - ability - anatomies * Most mammals have body size - breathe patterns - built-in population control, only humans insist on reckless breeding - certain characteristics - colour vision * Most mammals have common ancestors - mammalian ancestors - concentration - constant temps - ear bones - enzymes - excretion - expressive faces - extremities - few if any eccrine glands - forelimbs * Most mammals have four legs - limbs and are born rather than hatched - hair or fur, stongly differentiated teeth and highly developed senses * Most mammals have hair, and all land mammals have four limbs - or fur, covering their body - heads - impact - inner ear bones - lifespans - live birth, that is, the young are born alive after developing inside the mother * Most mammals have long forelimbs - tongues - low tolerance - mate habits - middle ear bones - neck vertebrae - nipples - no or only very limited color vision - one set of sex chromosomes, XX for female and XY for male - output - ovaries - papillae at the base of the epidermis - peak output - periods - physiological responses - placentas * Most mammals have poor color vision - predators - real impact - relatively smooth hair, but the hair of a sloth is pitted or grooved - reproductive structures - round heads - scrota - sebaceous glands which soften and lubricate the hair and skin - seven cervical vertebrae, but sloths possess nine * Most mammals have short lifespans - sides - small, almost microscopic eggs containing very little yolk - social life * Most mammals have some hair or fur on their body - type of claw or nail - spines - spots - strong jaws - thick fur - two sets of teeth just as humans have - typical carnivore, herbivore or insectivore dentition - uteruses - very few cones if any - weight - wet noses - hear sound - hide in forests - ingest protein diets * Most mammals inhabit areas - arid environments - earth - forest areas - grassland areas - mountain areas - niches - open grassland areas - regions - rivers - lack stereo vision, and dung flies surely find dung delicious - lead life - leave trees - lift heads - live and move on the ground * Most mammals live during early periods * Most mammals live in aquatic environments - climates - countries - desert environments - fields - habitats - herds - houses - landscapes - more of a world of scent than of sight - setting - wetland habitats - winter climates - woodlands - on plants - maintain body temperature * Most mammals maintain constant body temperature - lower body temperature * Most mammals make bases - vibration - mate in summer * Most mammals move ears - sources - occurring in cypress swamps occupy ecotones * Most mammals play important roles - key roles * Most mammals point lower teeth * Most mammals possess bodies - collagen - descendants - energy - hemoglobins - keen senses, especially hearing and smell - neurons - pigment - psychological characteristics * Most mammals produce concentrate urine - sperm properly only when the testes are cooler than the rest of the body * Most mammals provide food - meat - nourishment * Most mammals raise families * Most mammals reach maturity - sexual maturity - receive nutrition * Most mammals regulate body temperature - relate to rabbits - release enzymes - rely on insulation * Most mammals require diets * Most mammals resemble animals * Most mammals reside in areas - hilly areas * Most mammals retain certain features - skeletal features - roll in dirt or mud for additional protection against sunburn - run facial control on auto-pilot * Most mammals see light - ultraviolet light * Most mammals seek habitats - meals - seem to be able to recognize and respond to it - serve as food * Most mammals share a common organ structure that permits extrapolation from one species to another - common characteristics - several features * Most mammals show characteristics - distinct preference - similar characteristics - variation - stand on legs * Most mammals survive conflict * Most mammals survive in arctic conditions - blast zones * Most mammals survive in harsh arctic conditions * Most mammals thrive in districts - transmit sound - typically have heads * Most mammals use bay swamps for cover - behaviour patterns * Most mammals use instinctive behaviour patterns - melatonin - reproduction - sexual reproduction * Most mammals visit families * Most mammals walk on feet - or run - weigh kgs * Note the five vertebral regions - cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal. * Some mammals adapt to aquatic life - also use the areas as travel corridors along which they forage or hunt - appear in regions * Some mammals are animals - carnivorous , which means they have to eat meat * Some mammals are eaten by chimpanzees - hairier than others - herbivorous , which means they only eat plants - kept in sea pens rather than tank pools * Some mammals are located in Africa - mangroves - marsh - valleys - on floors - omnivores, eating both plants and meat - tame, some are wild, some are large and some are small - well adapted to living in very dry environments * Some mammals attract animals - cougars * Some mammals become diets - pests - belong to weasels - bite people * Some mammals browse huckleberries - on foliage - red huckleberries - bury nuts - can fly, too * Some mammals carry fleas - load - viruses - cause damage - chew cuds - claim territories only during the breeding season - conserve water * Some mammals consume fetuses - larvae * Some mammals control body temperature - cross highways - defend a territory for mating purposes * Some mammals depend on continents - homes - nests - pasture * Some mammals destroy fruit - divide their time between land and water, such as the river otter - do seem to inherit emotional reactions - do, too * Some mammals dominate ground - insects - snakes - worlds * Some mammals eat adult bullfrogs - bark - both plants and animals - chameleons - crops - flowers - fungi - gophers - herbages - insects, too - krill - moth larvae - roots - termites - twigs - young trees * Some mammals emerge from burrows * Some mammals enter harbors * Some mammals enter into hibernation * Some mammals establish breed colonies * Some mammals establish large breed colonies - evolve from reptiles - excrete nitrogen - exhibit implantations - face extinction * Some mammals feed on acacias - arthropods - bluefin tuna * Some mammals fill ecological niches * Some mammals find along atlantic coasts - subtropical coasts - in grassland * Some mammals find on coasts - east coasts * Some mammals find on north american east coasts * Some mammals float in ponds - fly over surfaces * Some mammals follow patterns - routes * Some mammals give birth to animals - cattle - livestock - mice - sheep * Some mammals go to holes - graze on twigs * Some mammals has-part aortas - hands - hoofs * Some mammals have a carotid rete - thick coat of hair to provide warmth - accessory lacrimal glands in their lower eyelids - amylases - bonds - coats - copies - different covering like the armadillo has plates, porcupines have quills - digestive tracts - distribution - fingerprints - flippers - follicles - gills - hair follicles - hairs that are tightly packed and cover most of their bodies * Some mammals have high intake - horns, claws and hoofs - howler monkeys - humps - lice - long necks - maternal bonds - nephrons - none of a certain type - patches - pouches - pregnancy * Some mammals have prehensile snouts - reproductive tracts - salivary amylases - sensitive hair follicles - stomach bacteria * Some mammals have strong bonds - thumbs - wings * Some mammals help children - scientists * Some mammals hibernate over months - hold breaths - identify manatees - ingest larvae * Some mammals inhabit coastal marine water - freshwater streams - oceans - pacific oceans - interact with humans - introduce viruses - invade ground * Some mammals kill insects - on roads - know as ungulates * Some mammals live at elevation - high elevation - exclusively on the forest floor * Some mammals live in Africa - Australia - Connecticut - caves - cities - cold water - concerts - dens - freeze water - lagoons - populations - prairie - ranches - saltwaters - sanctuaries - sea water - shallow lagoons - societies - states - underground dens * Some mammals live in warm sea water - near coastlines * Some mammals live on continents - hills - rocky hills - savanna * Some mammals look like adults - hogs - pigs * Some mammals look like wild goats * Some mammals make burrows - dioxide - their homes on or near the marsh - up diets - migrate to valleys - migrate, other mammals hibernate when the weather is cool * Some mammals move by running and leaping, some hop and some swim - from trees - nurse their babies for only a few weeks * Some mammals occur in mangroves - white mangroves * Some mammals possess characters - litter - trunks * Some mammals prey on birds - flightless birds - produce offspring * Some mammals provide habitats - parasites * Some mammals relate to cats - llamas * Some mammals rely on leaves - tunnels * Some mammals resemble deer - rats - shrews - woodchucks - return to sea * Some mammals roam Vietnam - tropical rainforests - seek prey - serve as hosts * Some mammals share ancestors - farms - shed layers * Some mammals show climate fluctuations - sit on limbs - slip into burrows beneath the ground to sleep away the cold winter months - steal food * Some mammals swim in groups - threaten crops * Some mammals thrive in Africa - transmit diseases * Some mammals undergo adaptive radiation - evolutionary radiation - rapid adaptive radiation * Some mammals use animals - cavities - dead wood - echolocation - estuaries - lenses - methods - prairie dog burrows - sounds, sights, touches or smell to signal each other - their hearing to detect objects in the dark * Some mammals visit environments * Some mammals weigh ounces * acquire the infection by eating vegetation containing metacercariae. * add a layer of body fat when cold weather arrives. * also adopt a strategy for their developing young that involves increased parental care - alter soil structure - are endothermic and have highly developed parental care - eat the dewberry fruit, which is similar to the blackberry - give live birth, have hair and are warm-blooded * also have DNA repair mechanisms, and even in the womb damage can occur to embryos - a diaphragm in order to increase the intake of air * also have an amnion and vestigial yolk sace and thus are also amniotes - extra layer, the neocortex - chemoreceptors in the aorta - complex respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems - hair on their bodies * also have teeth that are specialized to the most advanced degree of all animals - look different in different parts of the mouth - their place in entertainment, with animal shows and movies starring mammals - pose a threat to penguins - produce an amniotic egg - rely on claws to help with climbing and burrowing - vary in size more than any other vertebrates * are a class in the chordate phylum. * are a class of animal - vertebrates that have similar characteristics - diverse vertebrate group whose species have colonized nearly all parts of the world - largely terrestrial group with hair and milk producing glands - particular subgroup or part of the whole vertebrate clade - very successful group of animals - abundant and diverse and are the dominant animal life form - advanced synapsids - all warm-blooded endothermic animals * are also fundamentally involved in research in many divisions of the biological sciences - on the move, making the transition from winter to spring - the group of animals to which humans belong * are also the only animal group that has made a complete transition to aquatic habitats - organisms to provide milk to their young - unique in having milk glands that provide nourishment for their infants - warm-blooded and are covered with hair or fur - an easily recognizable and definable group of animals * are animals that are born with fur or hair - feed babies with milk and breathe air - give birth to live babies * are animals that have certain features that no other living beings have - hair, are warm-blooded, and nourish their young with milk * are animals which are warm-blooded - give birth to live babies and the babies get milk from their mothers - possess hair, are air breathing, and have mammary and sweat glands - prefer to live in groups or communities - raise their young on milk and typically give birth to live young * are animals with a backbone - certain common characteristics - lungs, and they breath air - animals, humans are mammals, and many animals that live here in the gardens are mammals * are born as immature rhesus monkeys - their parent's young - with the sucking instinct * are capable of mates - cold-blooded - covered by hair while reptiles are by scales - dioecious with sexual reproduction and internal fertilization - distinguished by several other unique features - divided into three families, based on how their young develop - either mono-, or polyphyletic - endothermic vertebrates that have fur * are endothermic, have hair, and have complex circulatory and respiratory systems - like birds - equally diverse and even more elusive - excellent protectors of their young - exposed to a variety of outside temperatures - hairy by definition, and platypuses are hairier than most - heterodonts with unusually strong jaws * are important in the ecology of the refuge - seed dispersers, being rewarded with fruits and nuts * are known as primates - for being protective and taking good care of their young - largely water - less important than birds in maintaining transmission cycles of the virus in ecosystems - like other chordates in that they have backbones - monophyletic - more intelligent than fish, fish are more intelligent than crustaceans - natural protein factories - often a good example of a group of animals that are considered nomadic migrants - perhaps the most recognized type of wild animals on the planet - present year-round, but many are inactive through the winter - remarkably diverse in their size, appearance, form, and adaptations - restricted to species that are winter-active, either above or below the snow cover - set out by size with largest at the top - small, shrew-like animals - social animals - some of the most highly evolved, complex life forms to ever exist - sterilized by a temperature only slightly above the normal temperature of the scrotom - still quite small - the best modern organisms for comparison because they walk erectly, like the dinosaurs * are the dominant class of animal on earth - group of vertebrate animals which form the class Mammalia - highest form of animal life - least frequent element of the island fauna * are the most advanced class of animal life - diverse species on Earth - intelligent also - only animals that have hair * are the only living synapsids, derived from a lineage in the Jurassic period - therapsids - surviving synapsids today - survivors of the synapsid line - vertebrates that possess a. teeth * are the principal hosts, but birds, reptiles, and even amphibians are parasitized by ticks - true mothers of nature * are unique in possessing hair and in many mammals hair varies throughout the year - that aspect - unusual among vertebrates in having red blood cells that lack a cell nucleus - useful to people in many other ways - usually small, like the kangaroo mice of North American deserts - vertebrates meaning they have a backbone * are vertebrates that have hair and mammary glands used to provide nutrition for their young - vertebrates- the phylum of animals that have backbones * are very advanced therapsids synapsids - diverse, and therefore exhibit many different kinds of locomotion - intelligent , with complex behaviors, and often live in packs * are warm blooded and have hearts made up of two auricles and two ventricles * are warm blooded, use lungs for respiration, and have four legs - with a body temperature that stays constant most of the time * are warm-blooded and give birth to live young and nurse the young - creatures which suckle their young - vertebrates that suckle their young - with constant temperature while reptiles are poikilotherm - warm-blooded, vertebrate animals that have hair and nourish their young with milk - well known for rich, fatty bone marrow in shaft of long bones * associated with wetlands include muskrat, otter, and beaver. * become more active. * begin as an egg cell fertilized by a sperm cell. * belong to a group of amniotes known as synapsids - much larger group of vertebrates called synapsids * breathe air with lungs - by moving the diaphragm downards an the ribs upwards and out - in air through their lungs * bring joy to millions of people around the world. * build in-group trust through awareness of common threats. * can adopt one of two strategies in order to survive - be consumers and secondary producers - contract TSEs by eating infected animals * can generate and conserve heat when it's outside - their own heat and have the advantage of being large - get parasites from contaminated food or water , bug bites , or sexual contact - learn to adapt and change in response to experiences - mark the areas that they live in - only get oxygen when they inhale * can regenerate eye lenses in a similar way - hair, nails, and some other body tissues - regulate the temperature of their bodies by having one thing - synthesize only two of the B vitamins and require dietary sources of the others * care for their young after birth a. * commonly make up a large part of their diet including everything form small mice to rabbits - seen include baboon, dassie, grey rhebok and klipspringer * compare themselves to others to avoid conflict. * complete development. * comprise the next-highest level of consciousness after humans. * consume berries - juniper berries * contains pictures and descriptions of various mammals including manatees and whales. * defend themselves from attackers in many ways. - the vegetation for food and shelter - wetland habitats, too * derive folates from their diets. * digest cellulose - food through their digestive system * diversify and become very abundant. * do have the same structure that marks the animal pole in frogs - strange things * dominate the continents but are essentially completely absent from Oceanic Islands. * eat amphibians - foliage and twigs - pretty much everything, apart from leaf detritus and mature tree wood * eliminate excess salt via kidney tubules. * employ different strategies to find food. * evolve faster on smaller islands - from Cretaceous ancestors in isolated groups on continental landmasses - rapidly * exclude whales and porpoises. - urea in the watery form of urine * exhibit internal fertilization - phenomena * experience problems. * express one isoform from each lineage. - same problems * fall into three groups that differ in the way they use the amniotic egg. - milk to their babies - their young with milk from the mother's body * fit in to the most advanced group of vertebrates. * form the main part of their diet especially rabbits, kangaroos, wallabies and wombats. * frequently seen include baboon, colobus monkey, warthog, marsh mongoose and bushbuck. * generally have larger brains than other vertebrates of equivalent size. * generate the internal heat via metabolism - their own heat, so there is an advantage to being large - food from plants or other animals * give birth to live young because the development takes place internally - which are fed milk * give live birth and give their babies milk - rapidly after birth, but slow to a terminal adult stage * have a back-bone - chromosomal system of sex-determination - dentition divided into three distinct types of teeth * have a diaphragm muscle that causes the lung cavity to expand and draw in air - to aid in respiration * have a four-chambered heart system that pumps blood into all parts of their body - good sense of touch - jawbone composed solely of the dentary - migratory path comparable to that in Xenopus - number of derived traits - pair of bean-shaped kidneys - soft, pliable lens for focusing - thick dermis layer - two-chambered heart * have an enlarged outer folding of the brain called the neocortex - ovulation cycle * have body hair and fat to maintain a steady body temperature * have certain characteristics and behaviors - complex, interactive development * have different forms, sizes, and shapes - sizes, forms and shapes - entirely different habits and behaviours - fewer offspring, but invest heavily in their young through extended parental care * have fur or hair and their babies drink their mother's milk - hair, produce milk for their offspring, and are warm-blooded - glands that produce substances that the body needs like hormones, sweat and milk - hair and fur * have hair and mammary glands and give birth to live young - or fur on their bodies * have hair, at least at some stage in their development - scales, or fur, which insulates the body to help conserve body heat - hairs, nurse their young, and have live births - horizontal tails - keratin-based hair, used to maintain an endothermic metabolism - large brains in comparison to other vertebrate groups and are capable of learning - live birth and care for their young for quite a time after birth * have mammary glands, which, in females, produce milk to feed young * have many organ systems - physical characteristics that make mammals distinct from other animals - milk-secreting mammary glands and hairy bodies * have only one bone in the lower jaw, the dentary - paired bone, the dentary, in the lower jaw - options - parasites that can live in other mammals - periods of dreaming sleep and slow- wave sleep - separate openings for the digestive and reproductive systems - seven cervical vertebrae, a number that remains remarkably constant * have several distinct characteristics - unique adaptations including mammary glands and hair - suction lungs - the largest brains in relation to body size of any vertebrate * have three little bones in their inner ear, the ear ossicles - types of cartilage - to eat a lot to maintain their high body temperature - tops - true fur * have two general classes of fat cell, brown and white - middle ear bones instead of only one - occipital condyles, birds and reptiles have only one - sets of teeth, milk and permanent - types of teeth, the primary teeth and the permanent teeth - warm blood, and fur or hair, and breathe air * head for cover beneath the frost line. * help pollinate and fertilize as they graze and swallow delicious fruits. * however are big. * hunt at nights. * hunt for food * include african wild dogs - bison - bottlenose dolphins - grizzly bears - lemurs - small animals * includes brains - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * ingest diets - just about every corner of the Earth * lack quadratojugals - sclerotic rings * leave the nest at different times of the year, too * life in many places * likewise have direct development. * live both on land and in water. - everywhere in and on the earth - in a variety of habitats so they eat a variety of food * live in all different kinds of habitats - kinds of habitats from the tropics to the polar regions - regions and climates * lose a lot of heat by breathing though the mouth - body heat when they exhale * maintain a constant high body temperature independent of their surroundings - stable body temperate, independent of the external environmental temperature - up the vertebrate class Mammalia * manipulate the larynx, birds the syrinx. * may have difficulty. * migrate to the most favorable conditions of food and weather. - to center stage * need diets - moisture * never feed themselves at first. * normally produce lactase only as long as the mother has milk. * nourish their young with milk from special mammary glands - produced by the mother's mammary glands - young with milk, have a four- chambered hear, four legs, and breath with lungs * nurse their babies with milk - babies, are warm-blooded, breathe air, have live birth, and have hair * occasionally become infected if bitten by an infected mosquito. * occur in wetlands throughout the year. * only have the slow block. * patrol territory. * peek out, thrive. - many roles in the wetlands * possess an external auditory meatus and an external ear composed of elastic cartilage - eyes that rotate in the socket - well developed, highly efficient kidneys * predominate, but birds, amphibians, reptiles and insects also feature - reptiles and flora are also represented * prey on eggs and young. * produce a particular enzyme that breaks down fat in the body - biocomposite materials such as bone and cartilage - fewer offspring than reptiles - glucocorticoid hormones in stressful situations - live young which they nourish with milk * produce milk for their young from mammary glands - with which to feed their young * protect their babies more than other animals. - intensive parental care to their young * radiate into several groups but are small in size and relatively unimportant - important groups but remain small and unimportant * reduce heat loss in many ways. * regularly mark their territorial boundaries with pheromones from specialized glands. * remain small, possibly nocturnal. * represent an advance from birds because of their method of reproduction. * reproduce sexually, via the union of sperm and egg cells. * require a lot of food which is completely processed during digestion - greater parental care than reptiles * roam all over the world and have a range of different habitats - countrysides * run in herds, termites have colonies and whales run in pods. * scatterhoard to store food for retrieval during lean times. * seem to have been only moderately successful as terrestrial carnivores. * share characteristics * share several common characteristics - intra-species pollutant transfer during the lactation period * sometimes get it from dew on grass. * sporting defensive spines also live longer than their less well defended counterparts. * swallow food * take advantage - over from reptiles - oxygen into their lungs, and discard carbon dioxide * talk to each other by making sounds. * tend to eat producers including grass and other plants. * to mark territory. * turn it into urea and urinate it out. * typically have four parathyroid glands, while other types of animals typically have six * use behaviour patterns. - olfactionprimarily in social relation for group survival - slippery mucus to line their digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts - urea as the primary form in which their nitrogenous wastes are removed - vision in hunting, navigation, locomotion and foraging * usually illustrate a lengthen- ing out of the embryonic period and birds a shortening of it. * walk, run, swim and climb on legs of all shapes and sizes. * want food - to fish + Australian megafauna, Extinct Australian megafauna: pre-1788, Mammals: Lists of animals :: Animals of Australia + Brain, Parts: * The surface of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, which all vertebrates have. Mammals also have an extra layer, the neocortex. This is the key to the behaviour which is typical of mammals, especially humans. + Cleidoic egg, Discussion, Live birth: Reptiles :: Birds :: Zoology :: Developmental biology :: Evolutionary biology :: Biological reproduction * Live birth is a comparatively recent adaptation. Monotreme mammals do still lay eggs. It is the marsupial and eutherian mammals which developed live birth. Actually,the embryo developing in the womb has the same membranes round it as does the embryo inside a bird egg. Mammals give birth to live young because the development takes place internally. Live birth has evolved independently a number of times in reptiles, for example Ichthyosaurs gave birth to live young. So do some snakes. + Common misconceptions, Science, Biology, Evolution: Society :: Lists :: Knowledge * Soon after the first vertebrate land-dwellers appeared, they split into two branches. Coven R 2000. History of life. Mammals are the only survivors of the synapsid line. Under Linnaean taxonomy reptiles are all amniotes except mammals and birds, thus including the synapsids as well as the first basal amniotes. With the rise of classification based on phylogeny, the Sauropsida excludes basal amniotes and the synapsid line. An example is 'Dimetrodon', which is often thought of as a dinosaur, but is in fact neither a dinosaur nor closely related to modern reptiles. + Foreskin: Anatomy of the male reproductive system * The 'foreskin' is a fold of skin that covers the glans penis. The foreskin protects the glans penis when the penis is not erect. Most mammals have foreskin. + Mammal, Characteristics, Reproduction * All mammals feed their young on milk, which is made by glands in the skin or the mammary glands. All mammals protect and look after their young, though details differ greatly - Modes of life * Mammals are found on land and in water, and also in the air, where they compete with lots of other animals. Their ability to move from place to place and adapt has made them a most efficient group. Many mammals live in cold places. These mammals have thick hair or blubber to keep them warm. Others may live in rainforests. Some live in deserts, and still others are in rivers, lakes, and seas all around the world + Morganucodon, Is it a mammal?: Theriodonts * Its lower jaw has some of the bones found in its synapsid ancestors in a very reduced form. Mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary. + Polymorphism, Examples, Humans, Lactase persistence: Evolutionary biology :: Classical genetics :: Ecology * Mammals normally produce lactase only as long as the mother has milk. Then the enzyme lactase is cut off. Modern humans are different. + Precocial, Mammals: Developmental biology :: Birds :: Mammals * Mammals never feed themselves at first. Mother's milk is part of the 'contract' a mammal inherits. But there is a big difference between some new-born deer and antelopes, which can run within an hour or so of birth, and a baby marsupial which is in the pouch for days or weeks. + Psychological nativism: Psychology * Some mammals do seem to inherit emotional reactions. Monkeys fearing snakes is an example. Most of the behaviour of insects, reptiles and birds is inherited in some detail. Mammals, however, show a greater ability for learning than other kinds of animals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Aardvark * Most aardvarks eat ants - first solid food - excavate own burrows - feed on ants * Most aardvarks has-part claws * Most aardvarks have diets - light weight * Most aardvarks have long noses - slender noses - snouts - hide in burrows * Most aardvarks look like animals - remain in burrows * Most aardvarks use protrude tongues - wormlike tongues * Some aardvarks detect predators. * Some aardvarks dig holes - eat fruit * Some aardvarks have cavities - cheek teeth - distribution - lobes - olfactory lobes - keep burrows * Some aardvarks live in burrows - zoos - make milk - occur in habitats * Some aardvarks reach maturity - stay with mothers * also dig to get food - eat locusts and a type of grasshopper - require sandy soil, as opposed to rocks, so that they can dig for termites and ants * are a nocturnal creature - about the size of a small pig - an efficient termite eating machine - capable of burrows - carnivores as they feed upon termites - classified as omnivores, but they are far more specialized than that - excellent burrowers, using their thick claws on their forefeet - found in Africa, south of the Sahara desert - generally solitary but the young accompany the mother for a long time after birth - grey-brown in colour with a sparse pelage on the back and flanks - known for their digging abilities - located throughout central and southern Africa, south of the Sahara Desert - mammals found in many parts of Africa - mostly solitary and nocturnal - native to Africa living mainly in the sub-Saharan areas * are nocturnal , which means they are awake at night and asleep during the day - and sleep during the day curled in a tight circle in the burrow - omnivorous, meaning they eat both plants and animals - placentals - powerful animals - predominantly solitary and nocturnal - quadrupeds - solitary and territorial, coming together only to breed * are solitary animals and only come together to mate - they are active at night * are solitary, except when accompanied by young, and are very shy - nocturnal mammals that feed primarily on termites and ants - specialized for eating termites - strange and unusual creatures * are the last survivors of a group of primitive ungulates - only ant-eaters with teeth - very gentle animals * do fall prey to lions as well as to indigenous people who find their flesh very palatable. - mostly ants and termites * excavate burrows - upon ants and termites * give birth to one offspring at a time. * handle captivity well. * have a bulky body, an arched back, long ears, and a long snout - good sense of smell and hearing - superficial resemblance to a long snouted pig - appearances - big ears and short necks - excellent hearing but poor eyesight * have four sharp, spoon-shaped claws on their front feet and five on their hind feet - toes on the front feet and five toes on their back feet * have long extensible tongues - long, cylindrical, pig-like noses that they use to help locate their next meal - narrow heads and long snouts - rather primitive brains that are very small for the size of the animal - shovel-shaped claws for digging - two eyes, one located on either side of their long snouts - unusual appearances * includes brains - sterna * keep their homes clean. * like to live in open grasslands or savannahs where the soil is soft and sandy. * live in African savannas , open grasslands , woodlands, and scrub - savannas, grasslands, woodlands, and bush - the ground - throughout Africa, south of the Sahara * make their homes in burrows dug beneath the soil. * occur in a variety of habitats including grassy plains, woodland and savannah. * often change the layout of the main burrows. * only have an amount of short coarse hair. * search for food * sleep during the day, and are active at night. * spend most of the day in the burrow and emerge shortly before or after sunset to feed. * swallow their food whole, without chewing it. * use claws - their sense of smell and hearing to help locate the insects + Aardvark, Life: Mammals * Aardvarks eat mostly ants and termites. They have a long sticky tongue which makes it easy to pick up many ants at once.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| aardvark: Female aardvark * give birth to one baby at the start of the rainy season. * have a gestation of seven months and give birth to one young at a time. * tend to live in one area for their lifetime, while males wander around. Ancient mammal * include animals - small animals * roam earth.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Anteater * Most anteaters are known as anteaters. * Most anteaters eat ants - diets - insects - termites - feed on ants * Most anteaters have bushy tails - long tongues - mouths - natural predators - poor sight - preference - prehensile tails - ribs - teeth - inhabit habitats * Most anteaters live for years - on termites - possess relatives - resemble anteaters * Most anteaters use burrows - digestion - grass * Most anteaters use long noses - snouts - prey digestion - tall grass - weigh pounds * Some anteaters avoid contact - carry offspring - develop hearts * Some anteaters have diets - families - fingers - fur - pouches - thick fur - ingest fine gravel * Some anteaters kill hunters - live in grassland - prefer termites - stay with mothers * Some anteaters use claws - front claws - sharp claws. * eat ants and termites. They have long, sharp claws and a long, sticky tongue. The tongue can be up to 60 cm long, as long as a person's arm. The anteater opens an ant nest with its claws. Then it licks up the ants with its tongue * There are many kinds of animals living in Texas. * also eat ants, hence their name - have an obvious white stripe on their front shoulder - roam the ground looking for food * are also good swimmers, using the freestyle stroke and with their long snout as a snorkel - expert in licking ants and termites - found in Central and South America, where they prefer tropical forests and grasslands * are generally solitary animals, except during the mating season - good swimmers and tree climbers - mammals so they breath through there nostrils and into their lungs - nature's suction pumps - regarded as being similar to armadillos * are solitary in nature - the only mammals to have no teeth - warmbloodedNo * avoid anteater-eating ants, most likely because the whole goddamn food chain. * can also use their tails to hold onto branches when moving through trees. * climb trees. * drink by licking wet plants. - hundreds of ants every day * feed almost exclusively on termites, ants and soft-bodied grubs - mainly on ants and termites * forage for food. * generally build their habitats near streams or lakes. - faces - generally poor hearing and eyesight, but a very good sense of smell - interaction * have long tongues - tube-like mouths with no teeth - terrible eyesight but a keen sense of smell - very long, strong claws * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - in South America and Central America * make highly effective organic vacuum cleaners. * never destroy a nest, preferring to return and feed again in the future. * prefer termites to ants. * swallow meals. * track prey by their scent. * usually have no teeth. + Insectivore: Animals * To eat insects for food is not very easy because it takes many insects to make enough food for an insect-eating animal. Anteaters eat hundreds of ants every day.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| anteater: Giant anteater * Giant Anteaters are unquestionably one of the most unusual looking species. * Most giant anteaters climb trees - feed on ants * Most giant anteaters have bushy tails * Most giant anteaters use digestion * Some giant anteaters have snouts. * Some giant anteaters kill hunters * are able to reproduce about every nine months - also very good swimmers - good swimmers and are capable of moving through wide rivers - in danger of extinction in the wild * gets their requirement of water through licking wet vegetation. - noses - tall grass * walk with a slow shuffle on all four legs with their nose pointed to the ground. Silky anteater * Most silky anteaters eat diets - have faces * are covered with woolly, cream-colored fur.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Aquatic mammal * Most aquatic mammals have legs - inhabit niches * Most aquatic mammals seek habitats - wetland habitats * Some aquatic mammals find along atlantic coasts - subtropical coasts - hold breaths * Some aquatic mammals inhabit coastal marine water - live in areas - use methods * are placentals. * have certain features that are related to their mode of life - flippers, or fins, for swimming rather than legs - large sizes and weights - tops * spend their entire life in water. * tend to have better vision.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| aquatic mammal: Cetacean * All cetaceans are social animals - warm-blooded, meaning they regulate their own body temperatures * Many cetaceans can dive for extended periods of time to great depths - long periods and to great depths * Most cetaceans have a prominent upper jaw in front of the eyes - swim faster under water * Some cetaceans are the only animals other than elephants that have a brain larger than man's - grow to be very large - seem to enjoy human music - spend their lives in freshwater rivers and lakes * also lack hair as adults. * appear to possess self-awareness. * are aquatic mammals - conscious breathers - found in all oceans - generally uncommon except along the edges of the region where deeper waters are found - great divers - highly intelligent mammals - just big fish to many Caribbean fishers * are mammals live completely in the water - that live their entire lives in the water * are mammals, but they only have a few hairs on their bodies - who through evolution returned back to the water from land * are marine mammals that are well-adapted for living in water - with a torpedo-shaped, virtually hairless, body - noted for their play behavior, seemingly pleasurable activities with no serious goal - ocean mammals, including whales and dolphins - placental mammals - sea mammals * are the group of mammals that includes the whales, dolphins, and porpoises - only animals other than the elephant to have a brain larger than a human - order of marine mammals that includes all whales, dolphins and porpoises - truly the caretakers of the Earth - two to three times as efficient at removing oxygen from inhaled air - warm blooded, air breathing mammals * can be enormous, like the blue whale, or tiny, like some species of porpoise. * comprise all whales, porpoises, and dolphins. * differ greatly in their appearance, distribution, and behavior. * have an enigmatic evolutionary history of re-invading aquatic habitats - hair on their snouts as a fetus - long torpedo-shaped bodies and tails that end in flukes - lungs and come to the surface to breathe air, like other mammals and unlike fish - lungs, meaning they breathe air - many unique features - powerful hearts - similar penises - the advantage of having the blowhole on top of the head * is an aquatic mammal * live in all of the oceans and many of the major rivers of the world - the sea with other groups of animals and they can reach large dimensions * live, breed, rest, and carry out all of their life functions in the water. * never leave the water, even to give birth. * show less definitive behavior of self-awareness, because they have no pointing ability. * spend their lives in the wayer, some live in family groups called pods - whole lives in water and even give birth there * swim by moving their flukes up and down in the water. * tend to live in social groups and have relatively large brains. * use blowholes, still another mechanism, to produce controlled vocalization - the total geomagnetic field of the Earth as a map * usually bear one calf - initiate expiration prior to the blowholes breaking the surface	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| aquatic mammal: Pinniped * All pinnipeds are flesh eaters and feeding behavior and diet vary for each species - leave the water at least once a year, at breeding time * Many pinnipeds live in huge colonies during the breeding season. * Most pinnipeds are carnivorous, migrating to find enough to eat - live in cold water * Some pinnipeds also have bristly hair for added protec- tion against the cold. * Their bodies are well adapted to the aquatic habitat where they spend most of their lives. Pinnipeds have flippers for hands, big bulky bodies, doggish faces, and big eyes. Unlike cetaceans, pinnipeds have their noses on their face, and each nostril of the nose closes when the pinniped goes under water. When they cannot find food, they live off the fat in the blubber. * are carnivorous. However, almost all pinnipeds can be eaten by sharks or orca whales. * are aquatic and occupy most oceans and seas - mammals with flippers, like seals and walruses - carnivorous mammals in which all four limbs have been modified into flippers - clumsy on land, but in the water they are skillful divers and swimmers - excellent swimmers and divers and can remain submerged up to twenty minutes - found all over the world - less modified for aquatic life than are the wholly aquatic cetaceans - predators, feeding mostly on fish and squid - seals, sea lions, and walruses - the major food of orcas, also called killer whales * breed on land or ice, some migrating long dis- tances to isolated islands to do so. * conserve water and maintain water balance in several ways. * eat fish, crabs, and other marine animals. * feed in the ocean, but return to land to mate and bear young. * generally abound off the Oregon coast. * go ashore on rocky islets and headlands to breed and rest. * have a carnivorous diet which varies from species to species - streamlined, torpedo-shaped body, with all four limbs modified into flippers - fewer teeth than terrestrial carnivores - flippers for hands , big bulky bodies , doggish faces , and big eyes * have four flippers - one pair in front, and one pair in back - two in front and two in back - many adaptations such as flipper feet, thick fat layers and conical teeth * require secluded and undisturbed areas for land-based resting and reproductive activities. * share five common characteristics with other mammals. * spend part of their lives in the water but depend on land to give birth and raise young. Sea cow * Some sea cows die during years. * are aquatic mammals - gentle, slow-swimming, aquatic mammals * belong to their own separate order of mammals, the Sirenia. * is an aquatic mammal	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| aquatic mammal: Seahorse * Many seahorses are monogamous, at least during a single breeding season. * Most seahorses can breed up to two times a month - use camouflage and their body armour as their main means of defence * Some seahorses are seasonal. * are a type of bony fish. * are also big money - mixed with medicinal herbs for body tonic and aphrodisiacs - oviviparous meaning they incubate their eggs inside their bodies - among the most beautiful and enchanting of marine fish - capable of rapid color transformations to blend with their surroundings - experts at camouflage - extremely slow swimmers - found in temperate and tropical waters throughout the world - hatched from eggs lain by the female seahorse - important in education and research * are located in oceans * are monogamous and during the mating period they engage in a lengthy courtship - for the gestation period - monogamously pair-bonded * are notoriously difficult to keep healthy in aquaria - keep, and very few survive for long in captivity - pipefishs - poor swimmers - predators on small crustaceans - salt water fish and like tall tanks - sexually dimorphic * are small fish with a life span of one to five years - heads that look like horse heads - susceptible to over-fishing and extinction due to their biology and behavior * are the only animals in which the male actually becomes pregnant - fish that experience true male pregnancy - very suitable for aquaculture, showing rapid growth rate under farmed conditions * are vulnerable to extinction - over-harvesting for curios and aquarium specimens - well camouflaged among the eelgrasses and seaweeds in which they make their homes * can be expensive - grayish and red - hard to find * can change color and grow skin filaments to blend with their surroundings - colour very quickly and match any surroundings in which it finds itself - grow spiky appendages to their body - live for six years * come in several species and sizes. * eat anything small enough to fit in their snouts - mostly larvae of other animals - live fresh food - tiny shrimp and other small crustaceans * exhibit conventional sex roles in mating competition, despite male pregnancy. * feed on plankton , small fish and small crustaceans such as shrimp and copepods - small crustaceans floating in the water or crawling on the bottom * get their prey by a tongue that shoots out of their snout. * have a strong prehensile tail - vertical mating dance that can last for hours - elongate bodies encased in bony rings - no caudal fin - quite a unique reproduction cycle * hide in the seaweed, their black and bronze hads dusted with gold flecks - and bronze heads dusted with gold flecks * inhabit coral reefs and sea grass beds - shallow coastal waters, especially seagrass beds, coral reefs and mangrove swamps * lack teeth and a stomach. * live around the world. * obviously recognise each other as individuals because they ignore non partners. * participate in courtship, mating and caring for their young. * rely on camouflage to avoid detection - stealth to ambush small prey such as copepods * reproduce sexually, because they combine gametes from two parents. * stay with one mate for life. * swim in and out coral reefs - upright with their tails down and their heads up * use their prehensile tail to hang out on objects such as seaweed and branching corals. + Seahorse, Reproduction, Birth: Syngnathiformes ### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| aquatic mammal \| seahorse: Female seahorse * produce eggs for reproduction that are then fertilized by the male. * transfer eggs to the male s pouch where the eggs are fertilised. Male seahorse * give birth. * invest substantial amounts of energy into the developing offspring. * protect and nourish their developing offspring inside their bodies.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| aquatic mammal: Sirenian * All sirenians are herbivores - have large, elongated heads with prominent snouts * are gentle creatures - large, slow-moving, aquatic mammals - solitary, travel in pairs, or associate in groups of three to about six individuals - unable to tolerate water temperatures below a certain threshold - vegetarians, feeding on a variety of marine algae and higher plants * expend little energy compared to other mammals of the same size. * have a few natural predators in certain regions. * have, over the course of their evolution, all but lost their hind limbs. * inhabit a variety of tropical and subtropical aquatic habitats. * is an aquatic mammal * lack external pinnae. * often host a number of small internal and external parasites - use the thick pads on their upper and lower jaw to help tear or bite their food * travel to deeper waters to avoid rough weather.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Armadillo * All armadillos are strictly terrestrial, but some are strong swimmers - have shells, made of true bone, that cover their backs - live in Central and South America, except for one species * Many armadillos are nocturnal - can curl into a ball when threatened by predators * Most armadillos also have bony rings or plates that protect their tails - capture insect prey - curl into balls - dig holes - do have teeth * Most armadillos eat ants - insects - small invertebrates like ants, beetles, and grubs - emerge from burrows - feed on termites * Most armadillos has-part noses * Most armadillos have body temperature - bones - claws - eyesights - habits * Most armadillos have hard outer shells - hinges * Most armadillos have leathery shells - skin - legs - limb bones - long claws * Most armadillos have lower body temperature * Most armadillos have poor eyesights - vision - senses - soft shells - sticky tongues - stout legs - strong claws - thick bones - toes - hide in burrows - keep burrows - live in habitats - maintain body temperature * Most armadillos maintain low body temperature - make burrows - move heads - produce offspring * Most armadillos reach ages - maturity - sexual maturity - rely on senses * Most armadillos use long noses * Some armadillos are bleed to death - very small, while others are huge - build burrows - carry parasites - conserve energy - destroy nests - eat grubs - enter water * Some armadillos exist in density - high density * Some armadillos feed on fruit - reptiles - small reptiles * Some armadillos has-part teeth * Some armadillos have an unusual gait - armor - bands - body armor - bugs - distribution - few natural enemies - implantations - many natural predators * Some armadillos have natural enemies - pups - short legs - something called bands - hide nests - hold breaths - kill snakes - produce secretion - rely on safety - remain in burrows - stay with mothers * Some armadillos use claws - front claws - heavy claws * Some armadillos use large claws - walk on feet * are books - video games * belong to the same family of mammals as the sloth and anteaters. * consume insects. * cross roads. * dig burrows * eat a wide variety of different foods, ranging from insects to plants - grubs, earthworms, mole crickets and other invertebrates that live in the soil - insects in the earth - plants and dig into the ground to find insects and worms to eat * feed on insects, snakes, fruit, and carrion * gulp air. * have ability - peg-like teeth * have poor eyesight and depend on their sense of smell to locate prey under the soil - hearing, but a keen sense of smell - eyesight, but a keen sense of smell - problems with tapeworms - sensitive noses - small ears * have strong claws for digging and burrowing - superstrong claws for digging their food up out of the earth * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * ingest air. * is an edentate * like to dig soft soil in order to find insects and worms - sleep all day and roam at night - swim, and they are very good at it * live in burrows, where they find protection underground - on a variety of food - throughout much of South America and all of Central America - grunting sounds as they forage for food * provide food. * reproduce sexually, so the offspring have genetic contributions from both parents * search for food. * seek food. * sense danger. * share burrows. * tend to dig many holes - have more than one burrow, some being active and others are forgotten	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| armadillo: Fairy armadillo * Most fairy armadillos have shells. * Some fairy armadillos use front claws. Giant armadillo * Most giant armadillos live in habitats. * Most giant armadillos reach maturity - sexual maturity * Some giant armadillos have clubs. * Some giant armadillos use claws - front claws * Some giant armadillos use large claws * are solitary and nocturnal , spending the day in burrows. * dig burrows. Hairy armadillo * Most hairy armadillos reach maturity * Some hairy armadillos kill snakes. - sexual maturity Pink armadillo * Most pink armadillos have shells. * Some pink armadillos use claws - front claws Tatu * is an armadillo * peer teaching tobacco prevention program.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Badger * Most badger burrows provide shelter. * Most badgers adapt paws - become predators - climb trees - die in life * Most badgers eat a variety of small vertebrates, invertebrates, fruit and roots - earthworms - meat - vegetables - feed on insects * Most badgers have anal glands - eyelids - legs - natural predators - powerful legs * Most badgers have sharp teeth - tongues * Most badgers have short legs - sturdy legs - tails - skin - thick skin - third eyelids - toes - live for years * Most badgers live in North America - environments - prey on rodents - pursue prey * Most badgers survive in habitats - various habitats * Some badgers also eat lizards, birds, eggs and insects - consume vegetables - cope with wounds - damage agricultural crops * Some badgers eat berries - diets - mice - rabbits - vary diets - venomous snakes - emerge at nights - excavate burrows - feed on berries * Some badgers have claws - diseases - powerful claws - sharp claws * Some badgers involve in accidents - road traffic accidents * Some badgers kill chickens - ferrets - foot ferrets * Some badgers live in dens - groups called clans - territory - possess pouches - prey on rabbits - spread diseases - transmit diseases * also eat a variety of insects, grubs and vegetable matter including fruits and roots - other things - feed on bee and wasp larvae, fruits, fungi, cereals, nuts, seeds and berries - like to dig where there good slope, such as on the side of a hill, or in a bank * are a threat because they can dig deep into prairie dog burrows - widespread group of mostly carnivorous, medium-sized, stocky mustelids * are also common in dessert and forest areas, and a few have ventured into the mountains - good at climbing, and they can swim too - animals * are born blind and helpless with a thin coat of fur - blind, furred and helpless, but they grow fast - carnivores, like other members of the weasel family - considered fossorial carnivores * are creatures of habit and adapt poorly to change - use the same paths for generations - determined fighters when they are threatened - dirt animals and rough looking - expert diggers, especially for their size - found mainly in the western regions of North America and also portions of Canada - highly specialized fossorial mustelids that help control small mammal populations - important consumers of many small prey items in their ecosystem * are known to forage in all habitat types in Ireland from the coast to mountainous areas - ward of bigger animals from their younger ones - largely nocturnal, spending their days in a burrow called a sett - mainly active at night, and tend to be inactive during the winter months - mammals - medium sized mammals which have broad heads, short strong legs and a bushy tail * are nocturnal and liver underground in a mazing system of tunnels - animals, foraging for food at night along hedges and wooded banks - normally solitary animals for most of the year - omnivores and excellent hunters * are omnivorous animals that have short legs and a lot of fur - ordinarily solitary except during the mating season - polygamous and mate with multiple partners each year - short animals that come with bodies that are huge for a small animal - so aggressive they have been known to back down bears when they are confronted * are solitary all year until mating season in late summer or early fall * are strong and aggressive and have few natural enemies - diggers and can move large rocks - territorial throughout most of the year - truly omnivorous, although they feed primarily on rodents dug from their burrows - very helpful to humans, due to the fact they keep the rodent population down - weird because they can see better in dim light than in bright sunlight * burrow for much of their food. * can also recognise each other by smell - mate throughout the year * close their eyes as they dig underground. * come into contact. * communicate by smell. * dig a complex system of burrows in which they live - burrows in friable soil for cover - holes - their setts in many different habitats * do allot of stalking at night, but are seen out and about in the daytime as well. * eat all snakes - sweet things, fruits, wild berries, plants and meat * emerge from chambers. * employ various hunting methods to kill gerbils, ground squirrels, and rodents. * engage in behavior. * enter a state of torpor to help save energy to survive the colder winter months. * generally have white and black markings on the head and face - prefer open habitat such as meadows and prairies * get honey. * have a keen sense of smell and can dig down for rabbit nests and grubs under the surface - third eyelid that protects their eyes while they dig - an exceptional sight and sharp smelling sense which is why they mostly hunt at night - appetite - choices - dominance - excellent senses of hearing and smell - few natural predators - little choices - prominent teeth which are strongly suited to their omnivorous diet * have short legs and long hair - small eyes and ears and a slightly pointed nose * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * is an iron foundry that produces castings by pouring molten metal into molds - stiffer and has more spring and is used as a blender in oil painting - vicious and attacks with powerful aggression * kill mice. * like to dig their setts where the ground is easy to dig. * live a lifestyle that is based on digging for prey * live in America, Europe and Asia - social groups of five to ten related individuals * mate in summer and early fall. * mate in the late summer and early fall - summer and fall * occupy a variety of habitats. * often plug up other exits before digging in to the main burrow of their prey. * play a part in European folklore and are featured in modern literature. * prefer dry climates and open prairies. * prey mostly on fossorial rodents. * prey on rabbits throughout the year, especially during times when their young are available * roam about in groups that are known as a cete. * search for food at dusk. * secrete substances. * seem to be immune to rattlesnake bites unless the snake bites their noses. * survive for long periods * take advantage. * tend to feed alone, often only coming together to search for food in the best areas - waddle when they walk,but they are incredibly talented at digging * try to catch prairie dogs in the daytime by rushing into a colony. * use their long claws to make burrows and dig after their prey. * usually are solitary creatures except when they breed late in the summer - consume all of a prairie dog except the head and the fur along the back - dig elaborate burrows - eat insects and earthworms - try to avoid their enemies by retreating or by tunneling underground * walk on the soles of their feet much like bears, showing five toes in their footprints. + American badger, Food: Mustelids * Badgers are carnivorous. Their dominant prey are Pocket gophers, Ground Squirrels, Moles, Marmots, Prairie dogs, Woodrats, Kangaroo rats, Deer mice, and Voles. They also prey on ground-nesting birds, such as Bank swallows and burrowing Owl, Lizards, Amphibians, Carrion, Fish, hibernating Skunks, Insects, including Bees and Honeycomb, and some plant foods, such as Corn and Sunflower seeds. Unlike many carnivores that stalk their prey in open country, badgers catch most of their food by digging. They can tunnel after ground dwelling rodents with amazing speed.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| badger: Eurasian badger * Most eurasian badgers eat earthworms - live in environments * Some eurasian badgers damage agricultural crops European badger * Most european badgers feed on insects. * are fastidiously clean animals which regularly clear out and discard old bedding. * have an extensive vocal repertoire. Female badger * are sows and baby badgers are called cubs. * prepare a grass-lined den in which to give birth. Infect badger * Most infect badgers survive for long periods. * come into contact.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Bandicoot * Most bandicoots detect prey. * Most bandicoots have pouches - rhythmic patterns - short tails - maintain body mass - make pitch noise - occur in regions * Some bandicoots become adults - eat lizards * Some bandicoots feed on insects - spiders * Some bandicoots have babies - broad distribution - long noses - wildcats - live in areas - make placentas - range in length * Some bandicoots reach maturity - sexual maturity. * ' are marsupials. There are about 20 species of bandicoots. Bandicoots are omnivores. They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders. Despite what they look like, they are not related to rats. They live in parts of Australia. They are nocturnal. Bandicoots are an endangered species. * are omnivores. They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders. Despite what they look like, they are not related to rats. They live in parts of Australia. They are nocturnal. Bandicoots are an endangered species. For protection against foxes and wild cats, they retreat to their burrows for safety * also act as hosts for the paralysis tick. * are also very solitary animals , generally only coming together to mate - born with their eyes shut * are known to dig small conical holes in lawns and gardens - locate their food using their well-developed sense of smell - marsupial and sleep during the day - multi-oestrus, meaning they breed several times during the year - nocturnal omnivorous marsupials - one of the more vocal marsupials - pointy-nosed marsupials from Australia and New Guinea - polyestrous, which means that they are able to reproduce several times a year - protected in all states of Australia - rabbit-like marsupial rats - small marsupial mammals that live in parts of Australia * are solitary animals and only mix with others when breeding - except when mating - terrestrial and mainly nocturnal - territorial animals - vocal animals * dig burrows - for insects, roots and bulbs which they eat - holes in the ground while searching for invertebrates * eat many different things. * forage for food. * have a combing toe on each hind foot - at least four distinct vocalisations - features * have short lifespan - strong hind legs designed for jumping - very good hearing * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * live between two to four years. * mainly forage at night, consuming insects, earthworms, insect larvae and spiders. * make high noise * retreat into their burrow for protection. * share ancestors. * take care. * tend to be solitary animals - forage for food mainly at night * use noses.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bandicoot: Bilby * Bilbies are an endangered species of Australian marsupials - easy prey for foxes, dogs and feral cats - endangered - largely because of competition from rabbits and loss of habitat - known to have up to a dozen burrows - largely solitary, widely dispersed and found in low numbers - marsupial omnivores that are desert dwellers - marsupials and members of the bandicoot family - marsupials, so like all other mammals, they reproduce sexually * Bilbies are nocturnal and burrows are occupied during daylight and intermittently during the night - have powerful forelimbs and strong claws for digging - terrestrial - so they avoid the hot days in their harsh environment - nocturnal, only emerging from their burrows at night * Bilbies are omnivores and eat small lizards, mice, spiders, insects, roots and seeds - uncover food by digging with their front feet - omnivores, which means they eat a mixture of animals and plants - rabbit-sized, with powerful forelimbs for burrowing - solitary animals, usually only coming together when the male seeks out potential mates * Bilbies are the largest of the bandicoots, a type of small Australian marsupial - omnivorous creatures - very small marsupials - become mature at six months of age when they are old enough to forage for themselves - block off their burrow during the day to keep it cool * Bilbies breed all through the year and gestation takes two to three weeks - throughout the year, commonly having two young suckling from teats in the pouch - can hold their own against natural predators like pythons, raptors, dingoes and quolls - consume mud - eat after dark on fruits, insects, grubs, honey ants, spiders and fungi - find their food by searching in the sand with their long snouts * Bilbies have a long pink snout which is hairless at the tip - bilbies - distinctive features - eyesights - fur * Bilbies have long snouts - tongues * Bilbies have poor eyesight, so it is just as well their hearing and smelling senses are so good * Bilbies have several distinctive features - slim tongues - soft fur - strong forelimbs and thick claws, which they use to dig for food and make burrows - the characteristic long bandicoot muzzle and very big ears that radiate heat - very bad eyesight, they rely more on their ears and snout * Bilbies includes brains - breasts - cells - cytoplasm - nuclei - sections - live either alone or in mating pairs * Bilbies live in Queensland and Northern Territory and Western Australia - burrows in hot, dry grasslands and semi-arid spinifex areas - make their homes in spiraling burrows that are very difficult for predators to access - occupy habitats * Bilbies reach maturity - start breeding at around six months old - stay in burrows * Most bilbies consume mud. * Most bilbies have bilbies * Most bilbies have long snouts - poor eyesights * Most bilbies reach maturity * Some bilbies adapt to arid habitats * Some bilbies dig burrows - spiral burrows - eat insects * Some bilbies have glands - tails - leave burrows - live in habitats - rely on senses + Easter Bilby: Easter traditions :: Australian culture * The 'Easter Bilby' is an Australian alternative to the Easter Bunny. Bilbies are an endangered species of Australian marsupials. Bilby shaped chocolates are sold in many Australian shops to raise money to help protect the bilbies. Long nose bandicoot * have pouches. * use noses. Male bandicoot * can make a sort of barking sound when they are feeling aggressive. * have large territories as compared to female ones.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Bear * All bear is edible. * All bears are basic bear brown - handcrafted of the finest mohair and synthetic furs - legal, except sows with cubs - potentially dangerous and are highly unpredictable - reflections of the essential bear-ness which is the bear totem - continue to gain weight - feature wobble joints at the neck and fabric joints at the arms and legs * All bears gain weight rapidly if the crops are good - their natural foods are in good supply * All bears have certain things in common - movable joints - tongues and front paw pads - suffer the triple threats of habitat loss, hunting and poaching - tend to eat a very large amount of food * Every bear has A padded foot - is lined to relieve stress on the skin and seams - wild bear * Many bears are fast runner, excellent swimmers, and good climbers. * Many bears live on earth - where the winter is very cold - tend to walk the same trails year after year * Most bears adapt to conditions - different conditions - environments - life - situations - tundra - appear in regions * Most bears are black - content to live in the wild and to roam around looking for food * Most bears are easily frightened in to leaving - into leaving - extremely shy and retiring and usually avoid direct contact with humans - interested only in protecting food, cubs, or their personal space - just like people, wanting a diet composed of many different types of food - located on continents - very agile and swift creatures - avoid people * Most bears become effective predators - benefit from food - can run as fast as a racehorse - chew food - classify as marine mammals * Most bears come from forests - out of hibernation * Most bears consume animals - foliage - other animals - red foliage * Most bears cross ground - pasture - water * Most bears depend on food - develop necks * Most bears dig dens - pits * Most bears eat animals - berries - bony fish - buffalo berries - eggs - hawthorn berries - meat - nectar - nuts, fruits, berries, plants, insects, honey, fish and other animals - salmon - small fish - terrestrial food - vegetation - emerge from dens * Most bears enter a deep sleep starting in late fall * Most bears enter into hibernation - true hibernation - their dens and begin a light hibernation - establish ranges * Most bears feed on leaves - find food - follow tracks - go into hibernation * Most bears go through different stages - to mountains * Most bears has-part eyes - hearts - paws * Most bears have arms - broad muzzles - characteristics - coats - diets of more plant than animal matter and are completely opportunistic omnivores - different organs - edges - feet - functional mammary glands - good eyesights - heads * Most bears have large home ranges - layers - lifetimes - lips - long claws - loose skin - lungs - mass - memory - omnivorous diets - population size - powerful arms - shaggy fur - skin layers - teeth - thick fur - toes - white fur - hide in forests * Most bears increase food intake * Most bears kill animals * Most bears leave dens - hibernation dens * Most bears like to fish - hunt fish - live for years * Most bears live in Europe, Asia, and North America - natural habitats - same areas - wildernesses - wood * Most bears live on continents - love honey * Most bears occupy ranges - states - pick up scent * Most bears play in wildernesses * Most bears pose hazards * Most bears possess bodies - long legs - ribs - soles * Most bears prefer different habitats - produce offspring * Most bears reach maturity - sexual maturity - rely on food sources * Most bears rely on other sources - such food sources * Most bears require habitats - reside in territory * Most bears seek dens - meals - show variation - sleep in habitats * Most bears stand on hind legs * Most bears survive habitats - swim in water - tend to avoid people - threaten livestock * Most bears thrive in ground - try to win their fights by intimidation - use habitats - vary in color - walk on feet - weigh pounds * Some bear cuscuses sport coats. * Some bears adapt to diets - fat diets - high fat diets * Some bears are blueish black - classified as concern - eaten by bears - even almost white - killed by hunters - more resistant to the drugs than others - out of hibernation now which month ahead of time - the largest of all flesh-eating mammals - attack humans * Some bears avoid larger more dominant bears by using areas close to human activity - roads * Some bears become food - killers * Some bears change behavior - over time - come from ground * Some bears consume flowers - substantial amounts of dandelion and clover * Some bears cross rivers * Some bears depend on animals * Some bears destroy habitats - numerous trees - develop molars - die painful deaths after eating garbage and trash saturated with food smells - do, however, get into situations where physical removal becomes necessary * Some bears dominate bison * Some bears drink gallons - several gallons * Some bears eat bison - deer - eat plants - peacocks - ripe fruit - vertebrates - emerge from water * Some bears enter forests - excavate their den and others use natural cavities - exploit food sources * Some bears feed in valleys - on termites - form friendships - freeze in places - grow feet * Some bears has-part skin * Some bears have a white patch on their chests - animal proteins - bluish fur - chest cavities - few natural predators - inability * Some bears have large capacity - stomach capacity - light patches on certain parts of their bodies - low reproductive potential - routes - seizures * Some bears have short claws - strong claws - spots - thumbs - hear people - help scientists - hibernate, that means they sleep during the winter to save energy * Some bears inhabit coasts - historic ranges - northern coasts * Some bears kill beavers - enemies - mature beavers - pets - sheep - tigers * Some bears learn how to release cable-suspended food, break tree limbs, and open locked cars - patterns - line their dens with bark, grasses or leaves * Some bears live in Europe or Asia - Idaho - Vermont - caves - chinas - countries - facilities - hills - parks - safety - woodlands * Some bears live on gardens - shores - lose weight - make beds - move from habitats * Some bears play in rivers - possess food - prefer environments * Some bears prey on beavers - caribou - upon calves - provide food * Some bears reach ages - height * Some bears rely on ice - sea ice - resemble wombats * Some bears seek elk - out campsites and garbage to supplement their diet - seem to wake up with better muscle definition than they went to sleep with - share farms - show tendencies - sit on tails - spend much of the winter in a state similar to sleeping - stand on roads - starve to death * Some bears steal animals - suffer from starvation * Some bears survive camps * Some bears survive for decades * Some bears swim in habitats * Some bears thrive in districts - groups - transmit parasites - walk on knuckles - watch bears - wear transmitters - work hard for food, while others watch * actually spend the majority of wintertime awake, albeit in a metabolically-slowed state. * aggressively defend their food. * also are quite intelligent - become a nuisance when they forage in garbage dumps and landfills - demonstrate excellent hearing * also eat bees, seeds, roots, nuts, berries, and insect larvae - berries, roots, grass, and clover - corn and oats - deer, pigs, and lambs - foods left out by people, including camping supplies, horses' oats and dog food - enjoy water * also feed on many insects such as yellow jackets, termites, ants, and grubs - wind-rowed seaweed and invertebrates on some beaches throughout the year - have good color vision - possess a great deal of pride - reside in the area - roam the valley and occasionally take animals but are generally shy * also tend to be older, and perhaps larger or chubby - sit down on their rear with their upper body off the ground, like a person, too - use the woods - the state seals of California and Missouri * appear to be genuinely fearless of volcanoes - interpret direct eye contact as threatening - sense and avoid each other at a distance * are North America's largest and most impressive land mammals. * are a constant threat - good example of an omnivore, feeding on mammals, berries, and fish - symbol of strength * are able to breed and give birth only when they are in their best condition - defend a carcass against some comers - recognize another's territory by certain signs such as scent or droppings - about eating salmon, mating, making babies, they are about intensity - abundant in Alaska * are active both day and night and can be found anywhere - during the night and day - mostly at night but sometimes travel and feed during the day - adaptable as long as they can get something out of it - afraid of people * are also popular as pets in Vietnam - very curious animals - always wild and deserve to be so - amazing creatures, but they can be dangerous - among the least productive mammals in North America - an indicator species for the health of our planet - animal that eat a great volume of food on a daily basis - animals which live in the deciduous forest - another of nature's marvels - at risk because of a conflict over values - big, smart and move a lot faster than most people believe - called omnivores because they eat both plant and animals - camera shy - cannibalistic on occasion - capable of swims - carnivorous * are classified as carnivores but are classic anatomical omnivores * are common but elusive animals - in the boreal forest ecosystem - throughout northern Minnesota * are creatures of habit and association - everywhere * are excellent climbers, even as cubs - so climbing a tree is ineffective - expert at catching fish at the falls * are extremely adept at searching out food - agile for their size, sometimes standing erect to smell or see better - powerful animals and potentially dangerous to humans - protective of their offspring - flat-foot walkers with five toes - fond of all types of carrion as well as garbage in human dumps - found on the continents of North America , South America , Europe , and Asia * are generally bulky and robust animals with relatively short legs - diurnal , meaning that they are active for the most part during the day - fond of honey and risk bee stings bravely in getting at it * are good at sharing - for the natural habitat of our state - great individualists when it comes to fishing for salmon - heavy and have short, powerful legs - higher-level consumers that also eat plants * are highly dangerous creatures - evolved social animals with intelligence comparable to that of the great apes - intelligent and use complex problem solving skills to find food - unpredictable, at all times, in all instances - hunted in Oregon in controlled hunting seasons - hunters and gatherers, like humans * are in danger of becoming extinct - ranges of white, camel to brown - incredibly strong - individuals, each behaving differently in different circumstances - inquisitive and when it comes to food they're opportunists * are intelligent and curious - learn very quickly * are intelligent creatures and can learn from negative experiences - that can respond differently at different times - mammals that have a long interwoven history with the human race * are intelligent, and have excellent senses of smell and hearing - curious, intimidating and awe-inspiring - they have a keen sense of smell, and are very strong - investors with pessimistic outlooks, as opposed to Bulls - killed just for their paws and gall bladders * are known to attack humans for many reasons but actually they avoid attacking - sometimes kill and eat newborn or young animals such as fawns, rabbits, or birds * are large animals with thick, strong legs - carnivorans of the caniform suborder - carnivores with a bulky build, thick fur, stocky legs and a large head - charismatic animals recognized worldwide - scary carnivores that care for their young - largely omnivorous * are less likely to attack groups of six or more - perfect hibernators * are located in countrysides - drawers - meadows - state parks - mainly nocturnal, but they sometimes feed and travel by day - meat-eating animals, but they also eat many other kinds of food * are more likely to approach an individual than a group - one or two people than larger groups - reluctant to attack multiple people than they are one lone individual - simply just men who like men without pretenses about images and stereotypes * are most active at night, so dusk and dawn are most likely sighting times - early in the morning and late in the evening * are most active in the early morning and evening hours - morning and late afternoon hours - when the skies are clear and there full moon * are most likely to be found in The Cook Forest where there's food - come to the grass flats to feed in the early morning or the late evening - mostly solitary with spates of socializing - native to the continents of North America, Asia, Europe, and South America - natural wanderers - naturally wary of humans - nocturnal and they want that food - nonexistent - normally shy, retiring animals that have very little desire to interact with humans - notable because of the potential threat they represent - notorious for getting into coolers at night - omnivores and eat anything organic that they can get - omnivores, meaning they eat many different kinds of animal and plant food * are omnivorous and eat grasses, forbs, fruit, nuts and berries - enjoy seeds - feed on a wide variety of plants and animals - creatures, and grizzlies are no exception * are omnivorous, and most require large home ranges to survive - eating a wide variety of both plant and animal material - once again in search of food - finding human food in cars, tents, and coolers * are one of Montana s most magnificent large mammals - the many natural hazards in northern parks * are opportunistic by nature - in obtaining food - opportunists and take advantage of what is available - opportunists, relying on their intelligence and their senses to find food - particularly unpredictable and extremely powerful animals and can cause serious injury - pessimists - placental mammals - plantigrade, or flat-footed, animals - portrayed as solitary - potentially dangerous, and highly individualistic * are powerful and dangerous - carnivores that have a bulky body and short legs - present in some areas, use precautions - present, but they are shy and hard to see - pretty common * are probably the most dangerous of all carnivores - frequently seen wild animals that live in Alaska - quadrupeds - sellers - shy, nocturnal animals that do best in remote areas * are smart and curious animals - enough to realize when they are being tracked * are solitary and territorial - animals that are often misunderstood - solitary, and the truly wild ones tend to avoid humans - statistically the most dangerous animals in Canada - strong, agile, and quick - territorial animals - the folks who are equally certain that a downswing is imminent * are the largest meat-eating animals that live on land - predators in the temperate forest - master race - most sought after - only large predators that regularly eat both plants and meat - rough, tough members of the forest - symbolic image of brave deeds - umbrella species in most of the ecosystems they inhabit * are thought to be the closest living relatives to raccoons - have the best sense of smell of any animal on earth - traders * are typically solitary animals - creatures and usually avoid the company of other bears - unpredictable creatures, especially when they emerge hungry from winter denning * are usually active in early morning, late evening, or at night - easily scared away by yelling, waving and banging pans - more afraid of people than people are of bears - omnivorous, which means that they eat plants and meat * are usually peaceful animals that try to avoid conflict - quite solitary unless they are siblings or are breeding * are very active, in an almost feeding frenzy, packing on the fat before winter - attracted to bird seed, most pet and livestock food, garbage and barbecue grills * are very curious and bite everything, they are also fond of rubber - very intelligent - good at reaching food resources, no matter how they are packaged - human like when they stand on their hind legs or when the carcass is skinned * are very intelligent and curious and have good memories - intelligent, and they have keen senses of smell - mobile animals, too - protective mothers * are very strong and can damage tents, cars, and other possessions - well known for their size and powerful strength * are wild and can be dangerous * are wild animals and belong in the wild - can be dangerous if they feel threatened - by natural-born instinct * become a problem when they realize people have food - dependent on a food source - less likely to attack as they lose their fear of people * bend the stalks over and gorge on their purple berries. * bother bees California beekeepers say bears are becoming an increasing predator problem. * burn fat while in the den and produce usable by-products such as water. * can be a problem in camps at lower elevations - unpredictable at close range, especially when surprised * can be very dangerous - serious and they can also be fun loving and playful - become a nuisance when they visit homes, resorts, campgrounds and restaurants * can break into cars if they see or smell food - vehicles if they see or smell signs of food - cause much damage when trying to get to people's food * can climb trees if there's thick bark and lot's of branches - trees, although black bears are better tree-climbers than grizzly bears - damage boats while they sniff-out their next meal - devastate cornfields - develop a bad habit after just one reward * can do a great deal of damage to hives and equipment in a short period of time - serious damage to cornfields and honey production - double, triple, or quadruple their body mass during the spring * can easily peel a window or door off the car for something as small as a gum wrapper - push through a glass window - eat up to seven salmon per hour - get into any type of food container - hear and smell just fine, vision being their weak point - live with humans - maul a dog to death - outrun, out climb and out swim a human - probably see as well as humans can - run as fast as a racehorse, both uphill and downhill * can run faster than racehorses, both uphill and donwhill - uphill and downwhill - incredibly fast despite their bulky appearance * can smell animals and people from miles away - better than dogs, and they can see and hear pretty well too - food from miles away even if it is packaged or sealed in a container * can smell food in and break into vehicle trunks - vehicle trunks and can break in * can stand on their hind feet and sit up straight with remarkable balance - legs to smell and see better * can, however, cause significant damage to individual beeyards. * carry thick layers of subcutaneous fat under their skin. * catch adult salmon as they migrate up the streams on their way to spawning areas * cause the most problems when they travel near houses to obtain food. * choose to sleep in caves and dens - spend their winter in hibernation * classify as mammals * close nostrils. - here for food after their winter-long sleep * come in blond, black and caramel - many colors - with photo frames, keepsake boxes and cross-stitch pillows * communicate their dominance by intimidating their opponent - using body language, sounds and smells * communicate with each other using scent, sound, and sight - various facial and body expressions * conditioned to human food lose their natural fear of people. - victims * cover a lot of ground looking for food. * create a den and winter sleep without being taught. * die all the time, they fight, they starve, they get diseases and other injuries, they die. * differ from the canids in other ways too. - in trees for honey and scrounge the earth for food * do Tonga. * drink frequently and are usually found in the vicinity of water - lots of water and in hot weather they wallow in streams - water frequently, and in hot weather they wallow in streams * eat a lot of bugs and grubs that they find in old tree trunks - food to get ready for winter - wide variety of foods - and eat in the late summer and fall, so that they can store fat before going to their den - ants, insects, salmon or trout, bark, plants, roots and berries - grubworms, insects, snakes, frogs, berries and carrion - human heads whole - less during the winter because there is less food available - mostly berries, nuts, animal carrion, grubs, and insect larvae - only the ripe ones and return after a few days for the next crop - some high protein foods, including insects, fish, and higher animals - sprouting grass, emerging herbs and young tree leaves - the same sansai that collectors are after - whenever they can * emerging from hibernation have little interest in eating or drinking. * encounter vegetation. * enjoy a similar diet for a short time in fall, but consume low-fat foods the rest of the year * enter campsites during the day, even when people are present * exhibit very predictable behaviour. * express solitude, loneliness and strength. * feed heavily on mesquite beans which are a good source of protein - in the spring * feeding on a protein-rich food source show significant weight gains and enhanced fecundity. * find food mainly by scent - their food mainly by scent * forage for food. * frequently wander into areas where people live. * fruit the size and shape of a small apple. * gather during the salmon runs in order to feast on the bountiful supply of salmon. * generally live alone except for courting pairs and females with cubs - solitary lives, but can be found together during mating season - stand on their hind legs to gain more information, both olfactory and visual * get smaller with warmer weather - year pins * give birth every other year. * give birth to smaller young, relative to mother size, than does any other placental mammal - the smallest of all mammalian young in proportion to the size of the parent * go deep into nature. * go into a torpor during the winter months only if they live in cold areas * go to mountains - where the food is regardless of how risky * graze in environments. * grow a fuzzy coat. * habituate quickly to humans and their food - real quick to whatever food is available * habituate, or become accustomed, to people just like they do other bears. * have a characteristic shuffling gait - deep winter sleep - diet consisting of plants and animals - few enemies * have a keen sense of smell and are attracted to food scents, especially that of meat products - and can smell food even through a plastic bag - long history as part of human mythology and generate myths that are hard to dispel - massive, long-snouted head and a stumpy tail - nose second to none - reputation for liking honey, but actually the bears are attracted to the bee larvae - shaggy coat and a short tail and walk flat on the soles of their broad feet - strong sense of smell * have a very different vital strategy - good sense of smell - keen sense of smell and dislike the scent of humans * have an acute sense of smell - excellent sense of smell and are attracted by food odors - incredible sense of smell, and a good breeze can carry food odors many miles * have big heads and small eyes - heads, little eyes and small round ears - black, brown or white fur - capability - color vision, acute hearing, and a keen sense of smell * have different habitats * have excellent senses of smell and hearing, and better sight than many people believe - families - few enemies other than man * have five digits on each dextrous paw, each digit with a long non-retractable claw * have heavy bodies, powerful limbs, and walk on flat feet - fur coats which they shed each year - huge, hairy heads with small eyes - incredably bad eye sight - keen noses and are great diggers * have no enemies other than humans - problem to adjusting in captivity - only about six months to build up fat reserves for their long winter hibernation * have poor eyesight, and most have only fair hearing - purposes - reasons for doing things * have short, strong legs and large feet - with large feet - sleek fur - small eyes, rounded ears, strong jaws, and short tails * have the ability to climb faster than they can run when in pursuit - highest possible grade of protection - to endure the most appalling levels of cruelty and neglect - vary diets - very poor eyesight, but their senses of hearing and smell are very keen - wonderful healing, soothing and loving qualities that can only be described as magic * hibernate alone in their dens except for mothers who sleep with their cubs - because their food supplies disappear in the winter * hibernate during the winter months in most areas of the world - winter, usually digging their own dens with their claws - for time - if they are consuming more energy than feeding * hibernate in the winter - winters to protect itself from cold - to conserve energy * hunt for animal prey - cell membranes - corpi - faces - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * inhabit areas - both wetlands and upland forest habitats * is an opportunity to develop spiritual growth in the children - the type of software that is sometimes described as educational software with a hole in it - dozens of lambs each year - more moose calves than wolves, although both are devastating * know packs are a source of food - to wake up when the days are long and co-incidentally warm * learn to associate backpacks with food * like to drink water. * like to eat the skin and guts first and prefer shrub fields - sweet nectar, as do bees and butterflies - feed in the cool of the morning or evening - hide and sleep in the winter - rub, bite and pull bark from trees * live by themselves except during the mating season * live in a dominance hierarchy based on age, size and temperament - rich and complex scent-defined world - world of scent * live in all parts of the world except for Antarctica, Africa and Australia - world, except Africa, Australia and Antarctica - and use a variety of habitat types, playing important roles in each one - forests, woods and mostly in the wild - wooded areas - just about everywhere - long and healthy lives without any help from humans - off of a layer of fat built up during the summer and fall months prior to hibernation - different continents * look a bit like dogs but are less aggressive. * love honey, and bees make it * love to eat cabbage palms - the elderberry fruits while deer, elk, and moose browse on the stems and foliage - hang out in the thickest, nastiest, darkest cover in the woods - tear into dead trees hunting for scrumptious bugs * mainly feed on various plants, seeds and berries. * maintain their relative position within the hierarchy by being combative. * make dens in burrows, caves, hollowed-out trees, and rock crevices - insulative beds for their dens by gathering leaves, twigs, and grass - life more bearable - moaning and teeth chattering sounds to threaten other bears - money - or find dens in the winter * mate in a manner similar to wolves, coyotes and dogs - spring and are serially monogamous * meet when the female is ready to mate. * move both legs on one side of the body forward at the same time * need energy. * normally leave an area once they have sensed a human - move away from an approaching human disturbance * now begin to fatten up for winter as carbohydrate-rich berries get ripe. * occasionally attack livestock and damage beehives - move out of the chaparral into more open sites and feed on prickly pear cactus * often become nocturnal where contact with humans is frequent - chew grass uniformly, making a swath as they move - damage crops and homes, and are a traffic hazard - focus defensive attacks on a person's face if unprotected - form clubs modeled on biker clubs - hibernate over the winter in caves for solitude - hide in the willows - make bluff charges, sometimes to within ten feet, without making contact - share friendship, resources and security - show up in folk stories and on emblems - stand upright to test the wind and to see better - utilize trails, streams, and lakeshores - wander far in search of food * perceive a stare as a threat. - poor vision and, as mentioned earlier, a keen sense of smell * prefer areas with thick understory vegetation and abundant food resources - berries, nuts, insects, carrion and roots - dense, mature stands of many different forested habitats - large forests with windblown logs and mires - to stay where they have adequate cover * prepare for winter by eating large quantities of food and building up a thick layer of fat. * prey to a lesser extent on bearded seals, walruses, and beluga whales. * produce about two kilos of bile a year - urea as they metabolize protein during hibernation * quickly learn to avoid electric fences once they have encountered a shock - exploit available food sources * range over large areas. * react to new things in their environment. * recognize ice chests, grocery bags, and other food-related supplies - packs as sources of food * rely on other such food sources * remain with their mother at least through their first year. * reproduce at a very low rate compared to other North American land mammals. * return to rubbish. * roam continents * routinely break in, often breaking out windows, when food is left inside - distinguish between threatening and non-threatening human behaviour - roll over huge rocks and logs in search of food * search for food. * see as much with their noses as they do with their eyes. * see in color and have good eyesight , similar to humans' - vision close-up - colour and have good vision, similar to humans * seem to be on the increase everywhere, as do moose. * seen while hiking or camping Black bear attacks on humans are exceptionally rare. * share areas * show no fear of people and often wander into camping areas looking for food - outside in day beds from spring through fall - through the winter in a cave - to their hearts' content, While streams of ice flow * sometimes hibernate in caves, but more often they burrow into the ground and build dens - prey on livestock, especially lambs and young pigs * spend a good portion of each year in hibernation. - two feet * swallow fish. * switch to a favorite diet of ant pupae - hazelnuts if the nuts are abundant, otherwise continue feeding on berries * take advantage of whatever food that is available in their home range * tend to build their dens around the time of the first heavy snowfalls in fall or winter - hideout during the day when most people are out exploring the park - where a mixture of trees and meadows exist * to cope with conditions * to live life - solitary life * traveling in groups in autumn are usually females and their cubs. * truly live to eat and eat to live. * typically exploit areas with dense concentrations of berries - go away if they hear people * use claws to attack other animals and to catch fish * use the fat as energy over the winter hibernation - most nutritious parts of their food to maximize their weight gain - same trails over and over for generations - their strength and length to stand upright to test wind and smells * use trails just as people do since it's easier to travel on a trail than through underbrush * usually avoid humans, but they can become aggressive if provoked - people, but their responses are unpredictable - construct day beds during spring and summer - den up, and spend their winter in the state of winter dormancy, called torpor - feed in the cool of the evening or early morning - have a big body with short and thick legs - pose no threat to humans unless they are harassed, pursued or cornered - run away, but are unpredictable and can be dangerous - travel alone except for mothers with cubs - size according to their species * venture out into the rolling foothills early and late each day in search of food. * voluntarily eat less but continue to drink to purge body wastes. * walk in a shuffling, flat footed manner - flat-footed manner - what is called a plantigrade manner as do humans - like humans do on their soles - plantigrade or flat-footed * wander big game winter ranges in early spring searching for winter-killed deer and elk - to search for food - the least in the spring or early summer + Bear (gay slang): Bear (gay male) * Bear' is a gay slang term. A bear typically projects an image of rugged masculinity. Bears often form clubs modeled on biker clubs. Clubs are formed for bears to hang out with their own kind. These clubs may have bylaws, membership requirements, and charities the clubs support. + Bear, Appearance * Bears usually have a big body with short and thick legs. They only have a very short tail. They have small eyes and round ears. They usually have longer, shaggy fur. On each foot they have five claws, which they cannot pull back. They have very good senses of smell and hearing * Bears are usually omnivorous, which means that they eat plants and meat. They eat berries, grass, and fish. An exception is the polar bear, which eats mostly meat + Eurasian Brown Bear, Conflict with humans: Ursidaes :: Mammals of Pakistan * Bears are known to attack humans for many reasons but actually they avoid attacking. One reason is that if you surprise a bear it is likely to attack. The other one, is that bears enjoy to eat food, which is why people tend to avoid leaving food in the forest where bears are.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bear: Asiatic bear * Most asiatic bears have claws. * Some asiatic bears prey on livestock.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bear: Black bear * All black bears are agile tree climbers - can climb well * Many black bears move to grassy south-facing hillsides as soon as they emerge. * Most black bears adapt to conditions - different conditions - tundra - are black in color or a darker shade of brown - avoid confrontations * Most black bears eat berries - hawthorn berries - vegetation - enter dens - establish ranges - feed on nuts * Most black bears have a splash of pure white on their chests - brown noses and a white patch on their chest - eyesights - good eyesights - long claws - senses - toes * Most black bears live for years - in wood - occupy states - produce offspring - rely on food sources * Most black bears rely on other sources - such food sources - such sources - reside in territory - show variation - spend the winter in dens, typically in the base of a rotted fir tree * Most black bears stand on hind legs - survive winter - thrive in habitats - try to avoid confrontations when given a chance - vary in color - weigh pounds * Some black bears are brown or cinnamon - classified as concern * Some black bears drink gallons - several gallons - eat plants * Some black bears have a white chest patch - few natural predators - patches * Some black bears have short claws - strong claws - inhabit historic ranges * Some black bears kill deer - trees - live in safety - move from habitats * Some black bears prey on beavers - survive for months * adapt readily to areas occupied by humans and are seen more frequently than grizzlies. * appear awkward as they shuffle along, but can move with amazing speed when necessary - heavy and have short, powerful legs * are Virginia's largest land mammal. * are a significant predator on moose calves until calves are nine weeks old - wild animal - about two metres tall * are abundant here - in forests and grizzly bear inhabit the open tundra - active primarily during the day and at dawn and dusk - actually quite healthy and long-lived animals which thrive in Wisconsin - adaptable and opportunistic - adapted for forest life and have short strong claws for climbing - agile runners, able tree climbers and strong swimmers - all American * are also active in the forest and open areas - more common due to terrain and road access - opportunistic, meaning they take advantage of whatever is available - among the wildlife seen along kayaking routes in Glacier Bay - an intelligent and adaptable species - around Jenny lake and also off the main road - capable of covering great distances and often move during the evening hours * are common in the backcountry, but they usually avoid people - region - upper valley, but there is no grizzly habitat - common, as are moose - considerably smaller than grizzlies in size and weight * are creatures of opportunity when it comes to food - with it comes to matters of food - dangerous to humans - difficult to census because they are shy and secretive - eccentric creatures mysticized by fairy tale and folklore - especially dense here - essentially solitary - everywhere * are excellent climbers, so trees offer no refuge - tree climbers, even as cubs, and use trees to escape danger * are extremely fond of garbage and frequently congregate at dumps - fairly common in the North Cascades, but grizzlies are much rarer * are generally easy to frighten away - shy and secretive and usually fearful of humans - solitary creatures * are good fishers, often wading into rivers or lakes to catch fish with their jaws - swimmers and good climbers - highly curious, very intelligent, mobile, and adaptable animals - huge, bulky mammals with long black hair - impressive animals - intelligent and curious - large enough to survive a long swim in the cold waters of Lake Superior - large-bodied animals that have a small, narrow head, powerful limbs, and small ears - less frequent, but are still be seen on occasion while hiking the backcountry - more active during daytime - much more likely to turn tail in a surprise encounter and run - native to North America - near the top of the food chain * are normally shy, but they can also be curious, bold opportunists - very shy of people - omnivores with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location - omnivores, so they eat plants and animals - omnivorous and opportunistic feeders * are one of the more common species in North America - parks most famous inhabitants * are opportunistic feeders, making use of just about any available food source - foragers - powerful mammals that have few naturally-occurring enemies - present in the forest, with hundreds of sightings each year - primarily nocturnal, especially when they are in close contact with people - protected by laws, but are hunted for sport in some states * are relatively docile animals, particularly when compared to grizzly bears - shy animals - reluctant to move away from forest cover, especially if with cubs - shy and normally avoid people - similar - smaller than grizzlies or polar bears and have more pointed heads - solid animals and it takes a good bullet to punch into the vitals * are solitary animals that wander all their lives in search of food - solitary, except for mothers with offspring - still present but are under increasing pressure from the loss of suitable habitat - stocky, with powerful legs, and short tails * are strong and fast * are the largest mammals living in the forests of North Carolina - most abundant of the species of bears * are the most common and generally the smallest of North American bears - large carnivore in North America - widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America - only bear species that can be found in the wild in New York State * are the only kind of bear found in Southern Arizona - that live in Arizona - second largest mammal in New York State - smallest, and most abundant of the bear species in Alaska - typically non-aggressive and tend to avoid people - ubiquitous * are usually black in color, particularly in eastern North America - nocturnal, but can be active during the day * are very intelligent - powerful and can kill animals as large as a cow with one swipe of a paw * are, on average, smaller than brown bears. * can actually range in coat colour from jet black to creamy white - also be rusty brown or blonde colored - be blond, cinnamon, brown or black * can be brown, blonde, cinnamon or black - red, yellowish, and honey in color - especially troublesome - become a nuisance, particularly for people who live near prime bear habitat - go surprisingly deep into caves to find good den sites - look deceptively large - move great distances and young males often disperse the farthest - swim to island campsites - weigh several hundred pounds * climb easily and swim well - right up into the trees to get the beechnuts * come into contact with more humans than almost any other species of bear. * consume berries in late fall. * destroy hives in their quest for honey. * do compete with cougars over carcasses - indeed come in various shades of brown - live in the area but they only become a problem when someone leaves a messy campsite * eat a diet that is mostly plants - almost anything - berries, grass, roots, fish, carrion, and whatever mammals they can catch - mostly nuts, berries, and other fruit - the fruit * emerge wearing swimsuits. * end their winter sleep and leave their dens. * exhibit several remarkable adaptations. * faces slope downward gently into the muzzle. * favor beehives and ripening oats. * fear nothing but they always seem to prefer to avoid confrontation. * feature prominently in the stories of some of America's indigenous peoples. - salmon to build fat reserves before hibernating for the winter - primarily on natural foods such as acorns and berries * frequent both canyons * give birth every other year - to between one and four cubs, with two being the most common * have a Roman nose and curved claws - heavy rounded body which belies their agility and speed - keen sense of smell - lumbering walk, but they can run much faster than people * have a natural fear of humans - relatively straight profile from the forehead to the tip of the nose - round and short body with sturdy legs - unique reproductive cycle - amazing abilities to find their way across large distances * have an acute sense of smell, but their vision is poor - outstanding sense of smell, but absolutely lousy sight - blocky bodies built for strength, carrying fat, and conserving heat in winter - five toes, with claws, on the feet * have many color variations, including brown and cinnamon colored coats - talents - short curved claws and lack a shoulder hump - short, curved claws better suited to climbing trees than digging - shorter, more curved claws - small eyes, long noses, round ears and a short tail - terrific noses - their own unique set of food-gathering adaptations - very poor eyesight but their senses of smell and hearing are well-developed * hunting in Idaho still allows for use of bait, hounds and spring as well as fall seasons. * inhabit all areas of the park - most of Alaska's forests * leave their scent markings with claw marks on nearby trees. * like to climb trees and usually do if they are being chased or hunted. * like to feed early in the morning or evening while it is cool - in the cool of the evening or in the early morning - here among coatimundi, javelina, and mountain lions * live in North America - area forests - heavily wooded areas - many large wooded areas of North America - on the south side of the refuge * love people food - sweet ripe corn and honey * make a variety of grunts when they are relaxed. * possess non-retractable curved claws on each foot that are about one inch long. * prefer areas with natural foods close to water and heavy forested cover - dense forests that offer shelter and a variety of food - large, forested areas - to feed in seclusion and often drag their prey to cover - wooded cover and usually avoid open areas * produce cubs every other year * range in color from black and dark brown to cinnamon or even blond. * rely on other such food sources * reproduce at a very low rate. * require a large area encompassing a few square miles - forested areas to find adequate food, water and cover * roam the beaches at low tide, foraging on intertidal life - wooded trails and moose thrive on the abundant water plants * seek food with the highest nutritional and protein value for the least amount of effort. * spend considerable amounts of time foraging for food - their winter months in hibernation * stand around three feet tall at the shoulder - five to six feet long and almost three feet at the shoulders when on all fours * survive by being ready to flee, often to a tree * swim well and often climb trees to feed on buds and fruit. * tend to be solitary animals, with the exception of mothers and cubs. * to find food. * use dense cover for hiding and thermal protection, as well as for bedding. * vary considerably in size, depending on the quality of the food available. * vary in color from black to brown, cinnamon, blue and even white - tan or brown to black - size and weight, with males generally being larger than females * walk flat-footed and are known as plantigrades.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bear: Brown bear * Many brown bears have a noticeable hump above their shoulders. * More brown bears die from accidents and disease than from natural enemies. * Most brown bears eat berries. * Most brown bears have arms * Most brown bears have large home ranges - omnivorous diets - powerful arms - senses - use habitats * Some brown bears are classified as concern - can have white fur, but they are very rare - eat bison * Some brown bears have animal proteins * Some brown bears inhabit coasts - northern coasts - kill tigers - reach ages * are adaptable carnivores and exploit many foods - animals of Alaska's coastal range and certain islands near the mainland - at the top of the food chain and have no predators - found in North America, eastern and western Europe, northern Asia and in Japan - large mammals that live in cool mountain forests, meadows, and river valleys - more carnivorous than their smaller cousins, the black bears - most common on the park's outer Pacific coast and in the upper bay - omnivorous, eating a wide variety of foods * are relatively rare - scarce here except in the less-visited places - smaller where food is less plentiful or conditions harsher - solitary animals except for females with cubs - the widest species in the world - usual sights, along with an abundance of smaller furbearing animals * can be very aggressive, especially when defending their territory and food - live almost anywhere in Alaska * come out of hibernation in the summer and like to eat berries. * depend a great deal on salmon for food. * dig dens for winter hibernation, often holing up in a suitable-looking hillside. - mostly babies * grow from six and a half to nine feet long. * have a distinctive hump on their shoulder and shorter noses - hump on their back - keen sense of smell, sometimes detecting odors a mile away - prominent shoulder hump of fat and muscle and a different face profile - an excellent sense of smell - claws adapted to digging rather than climbing - difficulty digesting large quantities of tough, fibrous foods - few if any natural predators, aside from humans - snouts but small ears * have long, intimidating claws - thick fur, with a moderately long mane at the back of the neck * have powerful arms and legs with sharp claws - the widest distribution of any bear species and occupy a wide range of habitats - vary diets * hunt for animal prey * inhabit dense forests, tundra and lower alpine mountain regions. * kill calves and adults the entire time the bears are out of their winter dens. * live alone, except for females accompanied by their cubs. * live in North America, Asia, and Europe - mountains and grassy wilderness in North America, Europe, and Asia - mostly across northern North America and Eurasia * love fish and are fond of salmon. * occur in Europe, Asia, and North America from northern Arctic tundra to dry deserts. * range in color from dark brown through light blonde - colour from almost black, brown to very light brown or blonde * reach their western limits in Spain. * rely upon scent more than hearing or sight to survey their surroundings. - dig their dens in steep alpine areas - nearly all the refuge lands from mountain tops to the coast * vary greatly in size. * wander widely for food, living solitary lives, except for mothers raising young. + Brown Bear: Ursidaes :: Mammals of North America :: Mammals of Pakistan	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bear: Extreme heat * Some extreme heat breaks down seawater - brings fire - is caused by compression * Some extreme heat kills clothe moths * Some extreme heat occurs at grind levels * affects infants and small children disproportionately. * can also bring wild fires. * can also cause labored breathing in a healthy goat - metered-dose inhalers to explode - be just as dangerous as extreme cold * can cause bubbles of carbon dioxide gas in magma to expand - containers to rupture - cramps, swelling, and fainting - tapes to melt and extreme cold can make tapes brittle - deform a plug's shape and direct sunlight can cause the finish to fade - disrupt railways by twisting rails and roads can buckle or tarmac can melt - even cause heatstroke, which can be life threatening - have a dramatic effect on an employees' comfort and potentially on their health - kill people, even though most of the deaths are preventable * can make anyone sick - bass dormant - re-cook the contents of canned foods and adversely affect the product * increases evaporation. * is more than an issue of discomfort. * occurs when an air mass stalls over a region. * produces exclusively females. * reduces tire strength and increases the risk of premature tire failure. Female bear * All female bears defend their cubs. * can be fierce defenders of their young - heavier than male bears * demonstrate delayed implantation. * give birth during the hibernation period, and are roused when doing so. * reach sexual maturity around four and a half years of age. Female polar bear * enter dens. * have functional mammary glands * reach maturity Few bear * die during hibernation - of disease * lose a fight with another kind of animal. * wear Panama hats. Grizzly * handwritten display style typeface. * has hip dysplasia but is easily kept comfortable with coated aspirin. * is more of an omnivore and scavanger.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bear: Grizzly bear * Most grizzly bears become predators - consume red foliage * Most grizzly bears eat berries - buffalo berries - fish - small fish - go into hibernation - have senses * Most grizzly bears prefer different habitats - spend their time alone except when breeding or raising cubs * Some grizzly bears eat leaves. * are a North American sub-species of brown bear which includes the Alaska kodiak bears - type of large brown bear found in the interior of North America - actually brown bears - adapted for more open country and have longer claws for digging - an umbrella species that require large unroaded wilderness habitat - closely related to the Alaska brown bears - dangerous - extremely difficult to count under the best of circumstances - large and powerful - majestic symbols of the wild - mammals - more dangerous than wolves - native to Maine - normally solitary animals - numerous and on the increase - often victims of human hunting - omnivores, and their diet can vary widely - one of the slowest reproducing land mammals - opportunistic omnivores - rare in Teton Park, but black bears are frequently encountered - solitary and tend to be bad tempered * are the masters of Alaska's wilderness - most feared but polar bears are actually the most dangerous - threatened by habitat loss due to logging, development, and mining * can be brown, blond, grey, reddish or sliver tipped - smell Fear from two miles away * carry a certain reputation for being dangerous, menacing animals. * consume foliage * dig up most of their food so they have long claws. - fish, berries, grasses, leaves and root - some different things - wolves carcasses * feed on bison carcasses and elk calves, especially in the spring. * have a better sense of smell than a hound dog and can detect food from miles away - distinctive shoulder hump - multitude of strengths - very keen sense of smell - an imposing physical presence - heavy stout bodies with strong muscular legs - one of the lowest reproductive rates of all terrestrial mammals in North America - smaller, more rounded ears - the lowest reproductive rate of any land mammal on the North American continent * have their cubs inside of their dens during hibernation - own way of control body temperature * inhabit Alaska, western Canada, and parts of the northwestern United States. * inhabit the greater Yellowstone ecosystem - park * know no boundaries. * learn foraging techniques from their mother. * live mainly on the open tundra. * play an important role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers and nutrient providers. * prey heavily on calves in the spring in the first month of the lives of calves. * range over the entire park - the open tundra and Dall sheep thrive in the foothills * require a large area for movement and food searches - areas where they can forage and breed without encountering people * reside predominantly in the Western United States. * spend the spring and summer months looking for food. * stands in the Bitterroot Mountains. * tend to avoid areas that contain more than one mile of road in one square mile. * use burned areas very well - dense forests for cover and open areas for gathering berries Habituated bear * are unlikely to survive long enough to reproduce. * live according to a human cycle. * lose their natural fear of people. * respond differently to sprays than wild attacking bears. Male bear * Most male bears reach sexual maturity at the same time as their female counterparts. * are called boars, females are sows, and youngsters are cubs. * fight with other male bears for seals. * have a baculum, or penis bone, like other bears and carnivores. * keep large territories that overlap the smaller ranges of several females. * take five or six years to mature. * tend to roam much more than the females.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bear: Polar bear * All polar bears are lefties - white, providing camouflage when hunting - have bad breath * Most polar bears adapt to environments - heat * Most polar bears eat food - terrestrial food - enter dens * Most polar bears have capability - features - feet - functional mammary glands - fur - layers - lifetimes - lungs - thick fur - white fur - hibernate for time * Most polar bears live in habitats - natural habitats - on ice where it meets open water - pick up scent * Most polar bears reach maturity - sexual maturity - sleep for seven to eight hours at a stretch and they take naps, too - weigh pounds * Some polar bears adapt to high fat diets - attack humans * Some polar bears become food - killers - consume flowers * Some polar bears exploit food sources - get attention - have capacity * Some polar bears have large capacity - stomach capacity - low reproductive potential - natural predators - problems - learn patterns - live at least part of the year on actual land, after winter ice and snow melt * Some polar bears prey on caribou - upon calves - provide food * Some polar bears rely on ice - sea ice - spend part of the year on land - starve to death * are animals - located in zoos - used for snow - ranges * hunt for food. * need energy. * take advantage. * to cope with conditions. * to live life - solitary life<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| bear: Sloth bear * Most sloth bears have coats - heads - lips - senses - shaggy fur - possess claws * Some sloth bears feed on termites. * are bears - considered vulnerable animals - expert hunters of termites , which they locate by smell - extremely fond of honey - mammals - native to the subcontinent of India - noisy, busy animals - now common only in parks and other remaining national forests - solitary creatures and generally nocturnal - the least sexually dimorphic of all bears - trained to open their mouths so keepers can brush their teeth * breed during spring and early summer and give birth near the beginning of winter. * close nostrils. * eat a wide variety of different plants, animals, and insects, but prefer termites. * exhibit low fecundity and high infant mortality. * face severe habitat loss and heavy poaching mainly for the medicinal market. * have a long, rough and shaggy coat of thick, reddish-brown to black fur - an excellent sense of smell, good vision and satisfactory hearing - the largest canines with respect to body size of any bear * hybridise with sun bears. * lead solitary lives, and most are nocturnal. * move very slowly except when disturbed. * prefer to forage at night, in a solitary fashion, when temperatures are cooler. * pull apart the termites' nests, blow away the dust, and suck up the insects. Spectacle bear * Most spectacle bears have diets - omnivorous diets * walk on feet. Water bear * Most water bears feed on the fluids of plant and animal cells, but a few are predatory carnivores. * Some water bears eat microscopic animals, while others consume algae. * are also resistant to vacuums - mostly gonochoristic, but a few hermaphroditic species are known * can live in droplets of water on plants. * have a head and four pairs of legs with claws * live in temporary ponds and droplets of water in soil and on moist plants. Wild bear * Most wild bears live north of the equator. * are afraid of humans and human-related smells. Bird mammal * have predators. * play important roles	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Buck * Most bucks have antlers - large antlers - oral contact with the doe's rear end as part of courtship behavior - rub antlers - shed antlers - tend to antlers * Some bucks also have lower sperm counts than others - attain maturity * Some bucks have conspicuous black patches - scent glands - tusks - rub the same trees year after year * also eat more than does, and destroy thier fences more frequently - have a change in normal behaviour prior to breeding * are deers - extremely sensitive to hunting pressure when they're on a pattern - generally what are thought to be temperamental and smelly animals - larger bodied than does with thicker necks and broader chests - male animals - placentals - primarily solitary animals - territorial all year round, again depending on size, age and status * begin antler development in spring and antler size depends on both age and nutrition - growing their first rack of antlers in the spring following their birth - to spar with their antlers as a test of strength and a way to establish dominance * breathe breaths - last breaths * do smell during breeding season, however they do smell good to the does. * expend large amounts of energy during the rut. * fight each other by clashing antlers to determine who can mate with a particular female - for dominance * frequently have more white hair than does - hairs through the coat than does * generally live alone or in small groups. * get downright ornery during the mating season. * grow a new set of antlers each year, which they shed after the breeding season. * grow antlers each year that reach five to six feet in spread - that are covered in velvet each summer, as elk do too - new antlers each year * have a blocky head and body compared to a doe of the same breed. * have a dark stripe down the back and older males grow a long, dark beard - on their front legs and one down their back, as well as a dark beard - sixth sense called vomolcation * have antlers which are shed once a year - fork once, and each fork divides again - dark brown to black bodies with white bellies and eye rings * have large and beautiful antlers which are dropped each year - large, flattened, shovel-shaped antlers - long, lyre-shaped horns - mass measurements - sharp antlers, as well as tusks which can do serious damage to foxes, dogs and humans - territory * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * love patches of trees - to rub and scrape in old logging roads * mark territory. * mature and age, much as a man does, from boyhood to adulthood. * normally shed their antlers each year. * notes that in some cultures dogs are eaten. * often congregate in bachelor groups composed of neighboring bucks - fight fierce antler battles to defend their territory - lose weight during the breeding season, but regain it during spring * remove the velvet from their antlers on small trees and shrubs. - their antlers against trees and shrubs - trees to mark territories and strengthen their neck muscles for fighting - their antlers each winter * take a long time to fully mature and can continue growing into their second year. * usually have antlers by their second year, and eight points by the fifth. ### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| buck: Mature buck * Most mature bucks make scrapes near their bedding area or between bedding and feeding areas. * seem to be most prone to overeating high-energy supplemental foods - crawl into holes and disappear Pronghorn buck * Some pronghorn bucks have glands - scent glands * have nine scent glands and does have six.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Cacomistle * Most cacomistles has-part tails - have heads * Some cacomistles eat fruit. * are gonochoristic and reproduce sexually - long slender creatures - omnivores, however they prefer fruit - solitary nocturnal animals - non-retractable claws but are still very good climbers * includes brains - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - ears - piluses - plasma membranes - sterna * live anywhere between seven and twenty-three years. * use the middle and upper levels of tropical forests. Carnivorous mammal * Most carnivorous mammals belong to families. * Most carnivorous mammals have jaws - strong jaws * Some carnivorous mammals have teeth. * are important members of terrestrial ecosystems. Civet * glands Certain carnivores have repellant glands opening into the rectum just inside the anus. * is similar to musk, but is used only to stimulate or strengthen other perfumes.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| civet: African civet * Most african civets feed on fruit. * Most african civets have claws - senses - sharp teeth * Most african civets use burrows - underground burrows * Some african civets have extensive ranges - resemble raccoons * are omnivores, that is, they feed upon both plants and animals. * choose all areas that have a constant supply of enough water, food and shelter. * has excellent sense of smell - short grey fur covered with black spots arranged in several rows - patterns * inhabit areas. * inhabits all areas that provide enough water, food and shelter. * is active both on the ground and in the trees - territorial and solitary animal - threatened by habitat loss and deforestation * mammal that is closely related to weasels and mongooses. * produce sound. Asian palm civet * climb fruit trees * eat seeds. * live in habitats.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| civet: Binturong * Most binturongs have glands - tails * Some binturongs are classified as carnivores - hang from tree branches * Some binturongs have predators - scent - whiskers - reach ages * also make lots of noises to communicate. * are a popular zoo species - classed as carnivores but eat mostly fruit - found in the dense, moist tropical forests of South East Asia - hunted throughout their range for a variety of reasons - mammals * are omnivorous, feeding on small mammals, birds, fish, earthworms, insects and fruits - living on small mammals, birds, fish, earthworms, insects and fruits - well adapted to surviving in the trees of the forest * begin breeding at age two - the age of two and can have two litters a year * can grow to be over three feet tall- around the height of an average four year old kid. * civet cat * eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food - more plant food than is usual for carnivores * even sleep high in tree branches, curling up with their heads tucked under their tails. * give off an unusual scent that resembles popcorn. * have a very special job in the forests where they are found. * have an important job in the forests where they are found - unusual odor like buttered popcorn, and they mark their territory by scent - sharp nails and a voluntary nail trim is an easily-trained behavior - thick , black fur , a long , muscular tail , and long , stiff , white whiskers - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pedal extremities - rib cages - sections - skulls - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * live in rainforest canopies. * mark their territory with scent. * mostly live alone but can easily live with their parents. * spend most of their lives high in the trees of the rainforest. * swim well enough to catch fish. * travel on all fours, and their legs are short like raccoons' legs. * walk flat-footed, like bears and people. + Binturong, Description: Feliformia * Binturongs have thick, black fur, a long, muscular tail, and long, stiff, white whiskers. Like other civets, the binturongs use scent marks to communicate with other binturongs. In captivity, binturongs live for about 30 years - Diet * Binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food. They hunt for food at night - they are nocturnal Palm civet * All palm civets are more active when food is in ample supply and when fewer predators are out. * Most palm civets climb fruit trees - eat seeds * Most palm civets have dark eyes - large dark eyes - teeth - live in habitats * Some palm civets eat fruit - live up to years * become active only after dark and retreat to rest sites just before dawn. * stake out territories which often overlap during times of adequate food supply. Coati * eat prey. * includes brains - cells - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - nuclei - piluses - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - sterna - vertebrate feet * live in packs in the forests of South and Central America. * spend considerable time on the ground, but they climb trees as easily as a squirrel.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Colugo * Many colugos utilize the same feeding area and even the same trees. * Most colugos have anatomies - eyes - habits * Some colugos have flight - membranous structures * are found in southeastern Asia, including the southern Philippines - herbivorous, feeding on fruit, young leaves, and flowers - nocturnal, passing the day in dens in hollow trees or suspended from branches - placental mammals, but marsupial-like in their breeding habits * differ greatly in terms of their basic coloring. * get their water by licking it from leaves and tree hollows. - highly unusual teeth - wide heads with small ears and large eyes * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - vacuoles	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Cotton rat * are mammals - rodents * consume fruit - privet fruit<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Dassie * Some dassies have incisor teeth * Some dassies have upper incisor teeth * Some dassies occupy habitats - similar habitats * are one to two feet long and weigh four to fourteen pounds. * communicate using a wide range of sounds including growls, squeals and snorts. * eat a wide variety of vegetation, including grasses, forbs, shrubs and the leaves of trees. * have a poor ability to regulate their body temperature and a low metabolic rate - latrines, where they deposit their droppings and urine at a fixed site * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet ### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| dassie: Rock dassie * Some rock dassies have incisor teeth * Some rock dassies have upper incisor teeth * have a glandular spot on their backs which is covered by longer hair than elsewhere. Dasyurid * are active mainly at night and prey upon almost any living thing that they can overpower - small to medium in size * have acute senses and are considered alert and intelligent. Desert mammal * adapt to arid conditions * produce concentrate urine<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Dhole * Most dholes have muzzles - use urine * Some dholes attack livestock - defend bears * Some dholes have long tails - inhabit rainforests * Some dholes kill langurs - tigers - search for water sources - take down prey * also eat berries, bugs, lizards, and rabbits and can hunt well on their own if needed. * are a race of incredibly huge worm creatures - actually wild canids, efficient predators and communal pack hunters - an endangered species - canines - carnivorous - found in India, southeastern Asia to Indonesia, and parts of Russia, China, and Korea - grayish, with no visible eyes - great communicators and use an eerie whistle to communicate with each other - highly social animals and live in packs of about ten dogs - hunted for their fur and meat but they can be used for other things - known to occur in four sites in northern and central Malaysia - pack animals - pack-living and the entire pack often shares prey remains from a single kill - rare or extinct in most areas of India - sexually mature at about one year - unusual dogs for a number of reasons * are very good swimmers, and often chase their prey into the water to help catch it - social, and all members of the pack help with raising and protecting the cubs - wild dogs * have a complex body language - breasts - cell membranes - chests - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pads - paws - sterna * prefer dense mountain and alpine forests or scrub jungles as their habitat. * prey on deer, wild sheep, rodents and rabbits, and they prefer to hunt in packs. * simply seek to feed on whatever food is available. * sometimes harass much larger predators, even tigers, in efforts to steal their prey. Different mammal * Most different mammals come from families - eat plants * Some different mammals have tracts. * have their digestive tracts organised in different ways. * make different contributions to our knowledge of the human genome.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Dingo * Most Dingos have short, yellowish-tan fur, but it can vary from black to cream colored. * Most dingos are descended from dogs - domestic dogs - usually a reddish-orange color * Most dingos eat organisms * Most dingos have eyes - foreheads - mass - origins - snouts - kill sheep - live for years * Most dingos live in areas - neighbor areas - urban areas - on food - seek out food sources * Most dingos survive in different habitats - use ears * Some dingos approach dominant dogs - are descended from wolves * Some dingos become major predators - belong to families - cause death - create holes * Some dingos eat babies - humans - rats - reptiles - have families * Some dingos have flexible social structures - physical characteristics - live in holes - prey upon wombats - produce offspring - reach ages - use lungs - watch prey. * are similar to domestic dogs. Dingos were brought to Australia from South-East Asia about 4000 years ago. They are not found in Tasmania as the sea levels cut the island off from mainland Australia about 10,000 years ago. Most dingos in the wild are no longer purebreed dingos. This was to show it is related to the white footed wolf which lives in Asia * also live in pairs, families, and groups - produce bark-howls, which are agitated calls made when the animals are alarmed * are a medium-sized dog - able to tolerate hot climates - an important food source for some people in Asia - carnivores and have a very varied diet ranging from insects to water buffalo - considered to be legendary Australian wild dogs - covered with yellowish brown hair - far more flexible in limb and hip movement than dogs - free-roaming wild dogs native to the continent of Australia - from the same species as dogs, and breed the same * are highly flexible with the ability to rotate their wrists and subluxate their hips - individualistic animals, each with their own personality and tendencies - intelligent animals * are known to be excellent at climbing trees - go for the throat when they are able - naturally lean, with large ears permanently pricked and tails marked with a white tip * are opportunistic carnivores and as such have a broad diet - predators and hunt small prey alone - pack animals - part of Australian wildlife and act as the top predator - present everywhere in Australia except Tasmania and most small islands - protected in national parks and reserves * are the largest land-dwelling carnivores in Australia - native Australian dog - primary mammalian carnivore in Australia - threatened by persecution, habitat loss and wild domestic dogs - usually shy retiring creatures - very rare outside Australia * are wild canines that are the largest land predator in Australia * attack animals. * can interbreed with domestic dogs. * eat almost anything like insects, rodents, carrion, or vegetables - mostly mammals, though reptiles, birds, invertebrates and seeds are consumed as well * generally eat small native mammals, introduced feral animals and some domestic animals. * have a broad diet including fresh meat, fish, eggs and carrion - call resembling a howl or yelp rather than a bark - different breeding population Control system - strict social hierarchy and regularly mate for life - also have a sandy-ginger to coat to blend in with their surroundings - appearances - behavior - instinct - larger canine teeth than domestic dogs - much larger canine teeth than dogs - no natural health issues and are immune to paralysis ticks - strategies - strong instinct - to be viewed as crocodiles are in the Northern Territory, as lions are in Africa - unique wrists in the canine world, capable of rotatation - very agile wrists which are capable of rotation - white markings on their feet, tail tip and chest * hear sound. - cells - corpi - cytoplasm * interbreed with domestic dogs and produce hybrids. * live also in the very dry part of Australia most of their time - dens in caves and under cliff overhangs - packs, and each pack typically has two to three dominant pairs - the dry Australian outback - well-defined groups and roam all of Australia except in Tasmania - throughout western and central Australia - to five or six years of age in the wild and fifteen years in captivity * look like dogs. * mate for life and are also sometimes seen mourning themselves to death after a partner dies. * often attack sheep from behind as they run away, resulting in injury to the hind legs. * prey on animals * produce one litter of pups per year - several types of vocalisations * take routes - travel routes * vary in colour having reddish brown, black or sandy coloured coats and white chests. + Dingo, Managing dingos: Mammals of Australia :: canids * While some people keep dingos as pets, they are regarded as a pest by farmers. The dingo fence which runs through South Australia, and then along the New South Wales border through to central Queensland is the world's longest fence. Dingos are protected in national parks and reserves.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| dingo: Australian dingo * Most Australian dingoes are ginger-coloured or sandy coloured with white chests. * Most australian dingos are descended from dogs * Most australian dingos eat organisms * Some australian dingos use lungs. - larger than Asian dingoes Male dingo * are larger than females. * become sexually mature at age of one year. Pet dingo * Most pet dingos live in areas - neighbor areas - urban areas * look like dogs. Wild dingo * Most wild dingos live for years. * can live for up to ten years but usually live for more like five or six years. Diurnal mammal * Some diurnal mammals inhabit freshwater streams * Some diurnal mammals live on hills - rocky hills	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Dugong * All dugongs have tusks that break the skin. * Many dugong die in turtle and shark nets annually and others are harpooned for their meat - dugongs die from overhunting by man for their meat, oil, skin, teeth and bones * Most dugongs are distinguished by tusks - display similar behavior - eat plants - feed on seaweed - graze on grass * Most dugongs have eyesights - few natural predators - flat tails - glands - good eyesights - large mouths - mammary glands - poor eyesights - short tusks - snouts - inhabit tropical water * Most dugongs live in caribbean coasts - cold water - occur along coasts * Most dugongs reach maturity - sexual maturity * Some dugongs attain maturity - belong to families * Some dugongs eat algas - marine algas - sea grass * Some dugongs have bones - heavy bones - incisors - intestines - ivory tusks - large intestines - lung capacity - ranges - wide ranges - live alone, others live in small herds - migrate to water. * are more closely related to elephants than to other sea creatures. Their closest aquatic relative is the manatee, a fresh water species found in America and West Africa * also drown when trapped in fishing nets and are injured by boat propellers - have tusks, which are absent in all the manatee species - inhabit the reef, feeding on the sea grasses that grow in the shallow inshore waters - utilize their sense of smell * are a semi-nomadic species - an ancient cousin of the modern manatee - dependent on seagrasses as food source - economically valuable while alive as a form of ecotourism - endangered marine mammals believed to be the origin of the mermaid myth - found in the shallow protected areas - grass-eaters - gray or brown in coloration and have a whale-like tail with two flukes * are huge marine mammals that are found in warm coastal waters - vegetarians that survive mainly on seagrasses - huge, curious-looking marine mammals - hunted throughout their range for meat - important in maintaining the health of seagrass meadows - known to be social species * are large grey mammals which spend their entire lives in the sea - underwater herbivore mammals * are more closely related to elephants than to marine mammals such as whales and dolphins - particular about their diets, with certain 'fields' of sea-grass cropped - prey for many animals - primarily herbivores , eating seagrasses and algae - primary consumers and the only completely herbivorous marine mammals - referred to as 'sea cows' because their diet consists mainly of sea-grass - semi-nomadic species, and migrate over long distances to find suitable seagrass beds - slow-moving animals, so they are vulnerable to predators * are strictly marine mammals, unlike manatees that can be found in fresh waters - suspected to have high auditory accuity to compensate for poor eye sight - the only fully plant eating marine mammal, and the only sea cow to occur in Australia - thus polyandrous * are very graceful swimmers, and have excellent hearing but very poor eyesight - vulnerable to predators because they are very slow-moving - vital to the health of marine ecosystems - widespread hunted for their meat and oil * can live for over seventy years - travel several hundred kilometers in a few days as they feed from place to place * chew vegetation mainly with rough horny pads which cover the upper and lower palates. * defend territory. * display behavior - mate behavior * eat a wide range of sea grasses - vascular sea grasses that are comparable to terrestrial grasses * enjoy snacks. * feed almost exclusively on seagrass, a flowering plant found in shallow water areas - mainly at night * feed on a wide range of seagrasses and consume large amounts of seagrass - sea grasses and aquatic plants that grow in abundance in the tropical shallows - underwater grass * grow up to ten feet long. * have a down-tipped jaw which accommodates the enlarged incisors - forked tail, similar in shape to a whale's, while manatees' tails are paddle-shaped - large range of living locations from Eastern Africa to Northern Australia - more pronounced mouth and a trunk-like snout, whereas manatees have a shorter snout - round head with a large snout and small eyes - slow reproductive rate - cute, stubby bodies - dolphin-like tail flukes that have sharp projections - one pair of tusk-like teeth - stomachs - the ability to delay breeding if insufficient food sources are available - trunk-like snouts, while manatees have shorter snouts - very few natural predators * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flippers - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - warm, coastal waters from East Africa to Australia * look different from manatees - similar to a rotund dolphin or seal, although they are less streamlined * mainly feed upon seagrasses. * need protection. * prefer wide shallow bays and areas protected by large inshore islands. * rest in the deep water during the day and move towards the shoreline at night to feed. * search for food during day and night. * seasonally migrate to the warmer waters off Australia's coast. * tend to live and migrate in groups. * use different habitats for different activities - sound * use their flexible upper lip to rip up entire seagrass plants - sense of smell and bristles to find food - whistles, chirps, barks, and squeak sounds to communicate * want water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| dugong: Female dugong * Most female dugongs have glands * Most female dugongs reach maturity * Some female dugongs attain maturity * are the primary caregivers, and responsible for the raising of the calves. * give birth every three to seven years - to just one calf about once every five years - underwater to a single calf at three to seven year period of time - pectoral mammary glands that they use to nurse their offspring Male dugong * Most male dugongs are distinguished by tusks - defend territory * Some male dugongs have incisors. - their territories, and they change their behavioral displays to attract females * develop tusks when they reach maturity. * produce low frequency barks when competing for a mate. ### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| edentate: Ground sloth * are a diverse group of extinct sloths , in the mammalian superorder Xenarthra - extinct groups of sloths and they are related to the tree sloth - thought to have gone extinct thousands of years ago * is an edentate	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Elephant * All elephants have tusks, except for female Asian elephants - reproduce sexually * Can Remember. * Every elephant is an animal. * Many elephants are killed for their tusks. * Most elephants appear in Africa - habitats * Most elephants are a brownish-gray - killed by animals * Most elephants are located in Africa - ecosystems - on ground - avoid people - breathe through mouths - can have babies * Most elephants carry babies - fetuses - ivory - tourists * Most elephants come from Africa - regions - in contact - compete for food - cross rivers - depend on plants - descend from animals * Most elephants die of causes - natural causes - drink water * Most elephants eat apples - bushes - fruit - grass - leaves - lunch * Most elephants engage in activities - sexual activities - enter water - feed in groups * Most elephants feed on fruit - tree fruit * Most elephants give birth to elephants - offspring - go to water - graze in grass * Most elephants grow ivory - teeth * Most elephants has-part bones - extremities - eyes - feet - jaws - legs - molars - muscles - noses - skin * Most elephants have brains - brown skin - curve spines - development - distinctive features - hoof toes - long tails * Most elephants have many features - unique features - mass - memory - outgrowths - peculiar structures - proboscises - ribs - senses * Most elephants have several distinctive features - toenails - weight * Most elephants hear noise - sound * Most elephants inhabit areas - grassland - open grassland - same areas - live for years * Most elephants live in Africa - climates - environments - herds - natural habitats - rainforests - savanna - urban environments * Most elephants live on continents - earth - green grass - vegetation - love fruit - make waste - mourn death - move ears - occur in Africa * Most elephants play in fields * Most elephants possess blood - bodies - cells - chromosomes - genes - heartbeats * Most elephants prefer habitats * Most elephants reach height - sexual maturity * Most elephants require food - litre water - sustenance * Most elephants resemble extinct mammals * Most elephants seek food - homes - share earth * Most elephants stand on feet - hind legs - suck water - suffer from cardiovascular problems - turn tails * Most elephants use ears - trunks * Most elephants walk on feet - wear ivory - weigh lbs * Most elephants weigh less than a blue whale's tongue - the tongue of the blue whale - pounds - tonnes - tons * Some elephants adapt to lifestyle - affect pregnancy * Some elephants appear in environments * Some elephants are evolved from ancestors - inside Africa * Some elephants are located in environments - jungle - zoos - member of circus - avoid enemies - can have kids * Some elephants carry people - soldiers - trainers - viruses - cause crop damage * Some elephants come from zoos - out of water * Some elephants consume bamboo - whole trees - cross roads * Some elephants destroy grass - vines - develop a white ring that encircles the iris as they mature - dig holes * Some elephants eat bamboo - beans - crops - hay - seeds - vegetables - escape from herds * Some elephants feed on grass - mangroves * Some elephants follow migration routes - give birth to animals * Some elephants graze in environments - reeds * Some elephants grow cells * Some elephants have birthdays - expectancy - life expectancy - natural predators - phases - prey - remarkable human quality - smaller ears - succession * Some elephants help a girl learn to count - hit puberty - induce labour by self-medicating with certain plants * Some elephants inhabit basins - congo basins - kill men * Some elephants live in India - Nepal - Tanzania - Thailand - pairs - sanctuaries * Some elephants live on environments * Some elephants love baths - make migration - perform in circuses * Some elephants play in Africa - countries - roles - pose threats * Some elephants possess children - mechanisms - sides - prefer environments - regrow teeth - require parents - rub the resulting discharge on tree trunks, perhaps to leave messages behind - sit on chests - spend almost their whole lives in chains - stand in rivers - swim in water - touch bones - transmit viruses * Some elephants use energy - mud - visit herds - walk on toes - work with trainers * abound in northern Botswana. * act as 'nature's gardeners', dispersing undigested plant seeds through their dung. * also cool themselves by spraying themselves with water - engage in audible communication when it's time to mate * also have enormous ears which they use as cooling devices - four molars, one on the top and one on the bottom on both sides of the mouth - huge ears which they stretch out to keep cool - other, lesser known distinguishing characteristics - kill pups when fighting either other for female - live in the desert - love water and, when they can, bathe every day - possess one of the most well developed senses of smell in the animal kingdom - show interest in the bones of their dead - throw mud and water on themselves to cool off * also use a broad range of sounds to communicate - chemical cues to detect coded messages - it for feeding and for friendly wrestling matches with other elephants * also use their trunk as a snorkel when crossing deep rivers - trunks for drinking water, bathing, and eating and communicating - tusks for digging * always get more attention than mice, especially in the press. * appear during the monsoon with the availability of water. * appear to experience grief and spend time with the remains of dead kin - feel grief, while dolphins and whales express joy, or something much like it - make allowances for other members of their herd - use seismics for a number of purposes * are a group of mammals - huge part of popular culture and show up as metaphors across all media * are a keystone species in East Africa - major concern for villagers wherever they coexist with humans - useful indicator species, as they have a relatively low reproduction rate * are able to communicate over miles and miles of territory infrasonically - distinguish low amplitude sounds - adaptable and can live in a variety of environments - almost extinct in India - already over hunted for their tusks * are also capable of swimming, even in deep waters - well-known for their gentleness * are amazing animals to see in their own environment - amazingly strong and can hold or pull a lot of mass altogether - among the few species known to use tools * are among the most popular animals in Zoos, but also the most criticized - visited animals in zoos nationally - beautiful, majestic, respected creatures or tall and proud stature * are big and strong and tough and are sometimes enraged by the very scent of man - animals with long noses called trunks * are bigger than cats - lions, and elephants are bigger than chickens - buoyant and come with built-in snorkels * are capable of breathes - consuming fibrous vegetation - doing very hard work - swimming twenty miles a day - vocal learning - swimmers - charismatic creatures - clean animals - complete hedonists - complex, highly intelligent social mammals * are considered endangered species - one of the most intelligent of all land animals - to be keystone species due to the impact they have on their environments - crepuscular - diurnal, or active during the day - dominant in regions where they live - easy targets for poachers, sharpshooters, tusk collectors, and trophy hunters - emblems - entirely vegetarian - especially protective of their young - essential to the survival of many other less well equipped animals - eukaryotes, because they are multicellular and their organelles are membrane bound - exclusively herbivorous and they feel home in savanna, forests, and semi-deserts - extremely intelligent animals and have memories that span many years - fond of lotus flower - found in large numbers in Africa and South Asia - generally quiet animals but their trumpeting can be heard many kilometers away - grayish to brown in colour, and their body hair is sparse and coarse * are gregarious and keenly sensitive to one another's calls and movements - social creatures * are herbivores , and eat grass, foliage, fruit, branches, and twigs - eating grasses, shrubs, flowers, fruits, and bark * are herbivores, and are primarily browsers rather than grazers - or plant-eaters - which means they feed on plants - herbivorous, eating roots, grasses, leaves, fruit, and bark - herd animals with a dominant female * are highly intelligent creatures with very large and complexly organized brains * are highly social animals living in large family groups - heard animals - huge, fascinating creatures - important in Asian folklore and religion * are intelligent, and emotional animals - highly gregarious, and protective toward one another * are known as pachyderms along with hippos and rhinos - for their majestic size and resilience, but also for their long lives * are known to be right or left tusked - form very strong emotional bonds - mourn for days near the body of one of their herd when it dies - tear down trees and feed on their leaves , making trees even more scarce * are large animals because they a. have bigger cells - organizations that have major operations in a country - larger and more dangerous than rhinos - mammals, so they reproduce via sexual reproduction - massive creatures - matriarchal - natural candidates for music-making - normally mixed feeders as they feed on many different plants * are one of the best-known animals in the world - largest living land mammals - only about the size of mice but they breathe very heavily - pachyderms, which means thick-skinned - pack animals - part of the growing bush meat trade - passive creatures - peaceful herbivores when they're left alone - pink - placental mammals - powerful symbols in their culture - pregnant for two years - pretty much hairless except for scattered long, stiff hairs and a long tail tuft - primarily dry land creatures - prone to painful lameness from osteomyelitis because of their tremendous weight - quite dangerous during the mating season, and rhinoceros have little fear of anything - rare - related to sea cows , which are large aquatic mammals - scared of a mouse - shot for their tusks, which are used to make ivory jewelry and trinkets - social animals with strong family ties * are some of the largest creatures in the world - most intelligent animals on Earth - still in abundance along with large herbs of kudu and many birds of prey - strictly vegetarians - strong, social, and intelligent - such heavy animals that they can easily sustain serious fractures if they fall * are the biggest and strongest animals that live on land, but they are very gentle - center of the conservation dispute in Kenya - country's national symbol - keystone species that maintain the entire savanna ecosystem - largest animals on land * are the largest land animals alive today - on earth - mammal yet their closest living cousin is the diminutive rock hyrax * are the largest land mammals in the world - land-dwelling animals * are the largest living land animals * are the largest of all land animals in the world - landroving animals - terrestrial mammals - only animal that have a trunk for a nose - problem animal of the continent - very symbol of Thailand - totally herbivorous, eating grasses, leaves, and the bark of trees * are usually among the top attractions at zoos - docile creatures and kept in line by the dominant adult bull elephant - vegetarians, feeding on grass, foilage, fruit, branches and twigs * are very gentle in nature, and they have a strong devotion to family - inquisitive creatures - intelligent and highly social animals - massive, since they contain a lot of stuff - sensitive and have a strong sense of smell * are very social, frequently touching and caressing one another and entwining their trunks - strong, caring animals - tactile in nature - vital to the web of life in Africa - wild animals - wrinkly, bears are fuzzy and alligators are bumpy through the eyes of children * attain maturity. * attract tourists. * begin getting their tusks at around six months of age - mating at the age of twenty * believe in blowing their own trumpet. * belong in the wild, or at least in the forests. * block traffic and are occasionally hit by cars. * boast the largest nose in the world, which is actually part nose and part upper lip. * breathe through two nostrils at the end of their trunk, which is an extension of the nose * breed at any time of the year, but most matings and births occur during rainy seasons. * can adapt to many different habitats. * can also lose heat through their behavior - move very fast - use their ears like a fan - and do coordinate their activities over incredible distances * can be pregnant for as long as two years - quite destructive when they want to be - unpredictable, especially if faced with the unfamiliar - breathe through their trunks * can cause great damage to crops, and they occasionally kill people - plantations - collect water from the bottom of a deep well just like village women do - convert a dense woodland into an open grassland in a short period of time * can detect normal odors, but also other elephants' hormones, at great distances - scents from long distances, up to several kilometres - dissipate heat from their large, thin ears * can have a negative impact on ecosystems - hear low notes Elephants can hear frequencies much lower than the range of humans - paint - produce infrasound - represent the efforts of human beings, or they can represent the animal itself - sort their friends from strangers by identifying so-called contact calls - suck up water both to drink and to spray on their bodies - suffer from cardiovascular problems as well as arthritis - support other elephants as overlaps - sustain injuries related to giving rides, or going on treks, with tourists - swim under water because they use their trunks as a snorkel - t jump * can walk in areas where machines are unable to navigate - or swim with their heads under water and breathe through their trunks - wash themselves with their trumps just like humans do with their hands * caress each other with their trunks. - huge logs from the jungle - load - massive load * cause the most destruction in the communal lands, but they also generate the most revenue. * change their dietary requirements with the change in season. * chew with a fore and aft motion of the jaw, grinding the food across the lophs. * commonly feed in the morning, evening, and at night and rest during the middle of the day. * communicate in frequencies below human perception. * communicate with each other and enjoy being together - by using a language * consume amounts. * continuously grow throughout their lifetime. * copulate many times over a few days. * crush people. * cry, play, and laugh. * depend on one another for food * destroy trees, and in the process change habitats and even landscapes for other species. * detect the low vibrations through their ears, feet, and trunk tip. * devour enormous amounts of vegetation and clear space for a diversity of species. * dig for minerals and create mud wallows that can eventually become large permanent holes - salt using their sharp tusks * directly influence forest composition and density, and can alter the broader landscape. * do distribute marula seeds in their dung, however. * drink by sucking up water with the trunk and then squirting it into the mouth * eat a lot of food because their body is so large - very abrasive diet, and the teeth wear strongly as they move forward - wide variety of bushes shrubs and trees - all kinds of vegetation, including peanuts - grass, bark, roots and fruit from trees - grasses, roots, fruit and bark - leaves and hay - leaves, grass, twigs and small branches - live vegetation - practically any vegetable matter - quite a lot because of their heavy body * eat roots, grasses, leaves, bark, bananas and sugar cane - small trees, such as acacia , that grow on the savanna - the tree bark - solitary play as well as in group play * even bury their dead with twigs and leaves. * everywhere take on the color of the soil in their habitat. * exist in one of the most complex societal units of any land mammal. * face hard times as food gets shorter, and many of the very young and old are dying. - the giant sedges and hippo wallow in the pools - only on vegetation as they are herbivorous * find it difficult to change directions due to their bulky size. * first go to a tree and then eat the leaves on the tree. * form deep family bonds and live in tight social units - matriarchal tribal societies and exhibit complex behavior * frequently die prematurely in zoos. * get six sets of teeth over their lifetime. - one calf every four to nine years on average * go through six sets of teeth in a lifetime - tall reeds * greet each other elephants with their trunks. * grieve at a loss of a stillborn baby, a family member, and in many cases other elephants - the death of a family member or friend * has-part backs - hearts * have a few rituals in regards to death and dying - fission-fusion society in which multiple family groups come together to socialise - hard time adapting - highly developed system of communication through sounds - large social structure - long trunk - non-ruminant digestive system similar to horses - taste for alcohol - trunk which is like a human hand - trunk, two tusks, two eyes, two ears and two lumps on their head - unique organ, the temporal gland, located in both sides of the head - very long childhood - access to vertical pipes on walls - an appalling breeding record in captivity * have big ears for the same reason - that are used for more than just hearing - feet to distribute the weight - canine teeth - dozens more copies of a gene that block tumors than humans do - excellent hearing and a fantastic sense of smell, but relatively poor eyesight - five toes on the fore feet and four on the hind feet * have four molars, which are replaced five times, for a total of six sets in a lifetime - other teeth called molars - gigantic appetites - in their ears a network of veins that functions as a cooling system - keen smelling abilities, sensing water from several miles away - large ears that function as cooling devices * have long eyelashes to help avert blowing sand, dirt, and debris from the eyes - longer pregnancies than almost any other mammal - moderate vision - nearly a two year gestation period - necessary skills * have no joints in their legs and are the natural enemy of the dragon - natural predators other than man - permanent homes - word for love - noticable features * have only four molars in use at a time - two molars in each jaw at a time - opposable thumbs - prehensile noses * have several basic needs that can never be met in captivity - sharp hearing and they communicate through many different vocalizations - small eyes and a short neck - strong personalities and distinct personalities - such inefficient digestive systems that much food passes through undigested * have the largest brain size verses body weight other then man - versus body weight other than man * have the longest gestation of all mammals - pregnancy of any animal * have tusks and modified incisors of the upper jaw - which have great value as ivory * have very distinctive physical characteristics - thick, wrinkled, gray-brown skin that is almost hairless - very, very big hearts and they are highly emotional animals * help in destroying trees and make room for grassland to develop. * hold their entire weight on their toes. * impact the environment in numerous ways. * includes brains - breasts - bridges - cell membranes - chest cavities - corpi - cuticles - cytoplasm - dermis - epidermises - faces - freckles - liver spots - nuclei - pedal extremities - piluses - plasma membranes - pulp cavities - rib cages - sections - skin cells - skulls - sterna - tooth roots - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - wrinkles * increase in size. * inhale mostly through the trunk, although some air goes through the mouth. * keep cool by snuffing up trunks full of water and spraying themselves - using their huge ears like radiators in automobiles * kill people on a constant basis. * learn by emulation, a sign of high mental capacity. * lie down when they are asleep. * lift jaws * like to bathe often - eat grass, fruit and small branches - work on film sets because they love to be around people - Asia and Africa - India and in Africa * live in a group with the oldest and wisest female as the primary authority - variety of habitats from open savannas to dense forests - very structured social order - both the grasslands and the forests of Africa and Asia - families - herds and are very protective of one another, forming close familial bonds - loving family units - small groups called clans - the hot climates of Africa and Asia - tightly bonded family groups in which the members are in close physical contact - longer in the wild - prairies - or are butchered for their tusks - there too * living alone sometimes become dangerous and are then called rouges. - terrains - to paint because they get to do a fun activity with their mahouts * maintain a strict social structure and adhere to formal life cycles. * make a sound, known as a trumpet, to signal excitement, aggression and distress - home in a variety of habitats including tropical and subtropical zones - low-frequency calls, many of which, though loud, are too low for humans to hear - regular contact with one another using their trunks - up the largest proportion of the biomass * mature basically at the same rate as humans. - up into the hills when the water holes are dry * need food - mineral salt - protection - to drink water * never stop growing, although the rate of growth slows down in later years. * occasionally reverse out of a mass crate. * often communicate with their trunks - cool off in a pond or stream - effect human behavior through gesture and vocals - pass by sets of elephant bones, for example, but occasionally they stop - travel large distances in search of food - wallows in the mud at day light and afternoon when it searches for food * open mouths. * pheromones Even large animals can make use of pheromones. * plant new forests when they disperse plant seeds in their dung. * play a very important role in Indian society - vital role in the ecosystems they inhabit - an important role in the ecosystem they inhabit - custom-made instruments at a conservation center in northern Thailand * possess a highly developed olfactory system - great strength and are intelligent and, when well treated, docile - very little hair and have the nose and upper lip prolonged into a proboscis * prefer clean, cool water for drinking * produce a huge amount of dung every day. * provide a vital role in the ecosystem they inhabit. * purr like cats do, as a means of communication. * push over trees as well. - stages * react to environmental conditions and decrease mating when overpopulated. * rear on their hind limbs occasionally in the wild. * receive food. * remember and mourn loved ones, even many years after their death. * replace their teeth four to six times in their lifetime - training the same way children require schooling * rise two inches when they inhale. * roam countries - surfaces * seals around southern Vancouver Island. * seem psychic only because they live in a world slightly askew from our own - to be eating quite a bit of bark from the various acacia trees * seem to display grief at the death of a family member - death ofa family member * serve as the forefront to a changing landscape. * share ancestors - pasture * show a high level of interest in the urine of other animals - affection by entwining their trunks - an ability to manufacture and use tools with their trunk and feet - intake * slap and wrestle each other with their trunks. * sleep about approximately four hours a night - standing up * sometimes make marks in the dirt while standing in groups and vocalizing - push trees over in search of food and can modify habitat over large areas - take a nap during the hottest part of the day * spend most of their time feeding, mainly on gras, twigs and roots. * spend much of the time eating grass and drinking water - their waking hours looking for food and eating * splash in the shallows. * still roam free in Vietnam today. * suck up water into their trunks and shoot it into their mouths - parasites, marginal nutrition, and wounds * supplement the sodium in their food by visiting mineral licks. * swallow food and liquids through their mouths * take in the same way as they move without taking - mud baths to get rid of itchy bugs * tend to group in herds - rest and nap during the hottest hours of the day - travel in family groups made up of mostly related females * thrive on good food, exercise, mental stimulation, and the chance to socialize. * throw sand on their backs and on their head to keep from getting sunburned. * tolerate cold better than heat because of their low surface area to body mass ratio. * travel widely in search of food. * tusks never stop growing so some old bulls display enormous examples. - low frequency seismic and vocal sounds to do so - mud as both a sunscreen and a moisturizer - the trunk as a shower with various pressure settings * use their ears as a cooling system - for hearing, communication, and cooling - large ears to cool themselves when it is very hot - long trunks to eat and drink - trunk much like humans use their hands * use their trunks to spray mud and dust on their backs - take up water and squirt it into their mouths * use their tusks for a variety of tasks - digging, fighting, communication and display * use their tusks to dig for food, as well as weapons when fighting - water, to protect themselves and to strip bark off of trees - tear bark off trees and to dig up roots and shrubs - water in many ways * usually die if their trunk is seriously injured - rest during the hot hours of the day * visit water daily to drink and bathe. - the tips of their toes - their toes, although they appear to be flat-footed - with slow, pondering, pounding steps, up and down hills on narrow paths * wallow in mud. * wander widely in search of food. * want water. * wave their ears to cool themselves down. * weep profusely when wounded or when they see that escape from their enemies is impossible. * work and elephants play. + African elephant, Teeth * As they wear away at the front, new molars emerge in the back of the mouth and gradually replace the old ones. Elephants replace their teeth six times. If it survives to 60 years of age the elephant no longer has teeth and will die of starvation. * Ears are also used in other ways. Elephants use their large ears to cool themselves when it is very hot. + Elephant, Physical description, Teeth: Animals used for transport * Elephants also have tusks. Tusks are large teeth coming out of their upper jaws * April 15, 2008. Elephants are related to sea cows, which are large aquatic mammals. * Tusks are made of ivory. Ivory is very rare and expensive. Many elephants are killed for their tusks + Grassland, Plants and animals: Agriculture * There are a few trees in the grassland because of the low rainfall. Thorny trees called acacias are one of a handful of trees that are able to grow here. Wildfires are common and prevent trees from growing. The animals also prevent trees from growing as they eat the tender sprouts before they can develop into grown trees. Elephants are known to tear down trees and feed on their leaves, making trees even more scarce.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| elephant: African elephant * African Elephants are physically larger than Indian Elephants - the biggest land animals * African Elephants are the largest and most powerful land animals * African Elephants have big ears which can cool their body temperature effectivly down - larger ears * Most African elephants live on the savanna, but some live in forests or even deserts - african elephants feed on plants * Most african elephants have brains - outgrowths - inhabit regions * Most african elephants live in areas * Most african elephants reach height - use trunks * Most african elephants weigh tonnes * Some African elephants live on the savanna while others live in the forest - african elephants feed on grass * Some african elephants have prey - succession * Some african elephants inhabit basins * are active both at night and during the day - an animal in the group called Loxodonta - endangered animals * are larger and have bigger ears - than the only other elephant species, the Asian elephant - mostly browsers while Asian elephants are mainly grazers * are the larger of the two species - largest elephants * are the largest land animals on Earth - mammal in the world - mammals found on Earth - living terrestrial mammals - mammals on land * become unhappy when left alone. * belong to the suborder Loxodonta. * can survive in the forest, bush or savanna of Africa. * communicate with rumbles, growls, bellows, and moans. * give birth every two to four years. * have a low place in their back - bigger ears but smaller heads than the Asian elephant - enormus ears - five toes on the front feet and three on the back - large ears and two fingers at the end of their trunk - larger ears than Asian elephants - three nails - very large, flat ears * inhabit different parts of Africa south of the Sahara - various ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa * live all throughout Africa, south of the Sahara. - on the Savannas of Africa * occur throughout south, east and west central Africa. - sexual maturity * respond to distant playbacks of low-frequency conspecific calls. * run from the sound of disturbed bees. * use their trunks to make loud sounds to scare predators away * wander on the grasslands collector's plate. * weigh more and have bigger ears, and both males and females have tusks - tons - up to seven tons which is heavier than most vehicles + Elephant, Physical description, Teeth: Animals used for transport * African elephants are larger and have bigger ears. These big ears have many 'veins', which carry blood throughout the body. Biologists think that the blood going through their ears helps African elephants to cool off. The weather is hotter in Africa than in Asia, so it is hard for elephants to stay cool. Female African elephants have tusks, but female Asian elephants do not. African elephants have a low place in their back. * African elephants are larger and have bigger ears. These big ears have many 'veins', which carry blood throughout the body. Biologists think that the blood going through their ears helps African elephants to cool off. The weather is hotter in Africa than in Asia, so it is hard for elephants to stay cool. Female African elephants have tusks, but female Asian elephants do not. African elephants have a low place in their back. Indian elephants eat mainly grass. * Some African elephants live on the savanna while others live in the forest. Today, many people think these are different species. Scientists named the forest group 'Loxodonta cyclotis' and the savanna group 'Loxodonta africanus'.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| elephant: Asian elephant * Asian Elephants eat grass , hay , twigs , bark and fruits. * Most Asian elephants live in forests. * Most asian elephants have brown skin - features * Most asian elephants have many features - unique features * Most asian elephants inhabit grassland - open grassland - walk on feet * Some Asian elephants live in drier scrub lands. * are different from African elephants - endangered - herbivores - highly intelligent and self-aware - potentially less vulnerable to the ivory trade, as females usually lack tusks - primarily forest animals, preferring a shady environment - quite different from their African cousins - slightly smaller - smaller and more easily tamed than African elephants - spread over areas with very different amounts of rain - usually the older ones, while young African elephants are used too * are very different animals from their African savannah dwelling cousins - social animals * bear smaller tusks, and female Asian elephants are generally tuskless. * communicate via rumbles, growls, bellows, and moans. * depend on the availability of food and water. - dark grey to brown skin - more muscle coordination and can perform more complex tasks - much smaller ears and one finger at the end of their trunk - one small finger-like projection at the end of the trunk - small ears and only the males have tusks * have smaller ears and shorter tusks than African elephants - than their African counterparts * live in India, Nepal, and parts of Southeast Asia - Nepal, India and Southeast Asia in scrub forests and rain forests * occupy forests and semi-open or dense scrub with access to water and shade. * talk to each other by touch, sound and scent. * tend to be slightly smaller than African elephants, with smaller ears. * vary geographically in their colour and amount of depigmentation. + Asian Elephant, Description: Elephants :: Mammals of Asia * Asian elephants are different from African elephants. They are smaller, have smaller ears, a more rounded back, and a fourth toenail on each of their back feet. They have thick, dry skin with a small amount of stiff hair, and are grey to brown in colour. Female Asian elephants have small tusks and occasionally none at all. Sometimes pink spots appear on the ears as a result of depigmentation. * Asian Elephants eat grass, hay, twigs, bark and fruits. It can live up to 60 to 80 years. It can weigh up to 500kg and be up to 300cm tall - Habitat * Asian elephants are spread over areas with very different amounts of rain. They can survive in dry places where less than 40cm of rain falls per year and in wet areas where over 8 meters of rain falls in a year<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| elephant: Baby elephant * Most baby elephants are killed by animals - mourn death - use mouths * Some baby elephants eat vegetables. * are able to rest on their mothers' flanks during the long paddles - born blind, but they can stand up almost immediately - called calves and they sometimes suck their trunks for comfort - milk dependent for the first two years of their lives - usually dependent on mother s milk for at least three years * have absolutely no idea what to do with their short trunks. * like to use their mothers large bulk for shade when the sun is high. * stay very close to their mothers for the first couple of months. - their trunks as snorkels when they swim Bull elephant * are dangerous, and most zoos lack the facilities to handle an adult male elephant. * live outside the family herd and mating takes place after courtship.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| elephant: Female elephant * Many female elephants remain within their family group for their entire lives. * Most female elephants can have babies - carry fetuses * Most female elephants reach maturity - sexual maturity * Some female elephants affect pregnancy - have phases * have babies about three years apart, and they have only one each time * live in family groups, and adult males live alone or in unstable smaller groups. * open mouths. * stay with their mothers in their matriarchal herd for their entire lives.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| elephant: Forest elephant * Most forest elephants eat leaves. * Most forest elephants feed on fruit - tree fruit - inhabit regions * Some forest elephants inhabit basins - congo basins * are a bit smaller - browser-frugivores and eat leaves, fruits, seeds, branches, and bark - significantly smaller than the savanna forms - small, with downward-pointing tusks, as befits life in dense forest * create clearings that allow sunlight to reach the forest floor. * live in much smaller family units. * obtain a significant amount of water from the fruits they eat.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| elephant: Indian elephant * Indian Elephants have smaller ears. * Most indian elephants have toes. * Some indian elephants carry trainers. * eat mainly grass. + Elephant, Physical description, Teeth: Animals used for transport * These big ears have many 'veins', which carry blood throughout the body. Biologists think that the blood going through their ears helps African elephants to cool off. The weather is hotter in Africa than in Asia, so it is hard for elephants to stay cool. Female African elephants have tusks, but female Asian elephants do not. African elephants have a low place in their back. Indian elephants eat mainly grass.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| elephant: Mammoth * are elephants - extinct now - grazers and they are among the most common fossils in South Texas - guessed to have been herbivores eating mainly grass - huge hairy elephants, thought to be extinct - located in ancient history * are located in archeological digs - sites - bedrock - books - cave paintings - caves - drawing - encyclopedias - excavation - fields - forests - glacial ice - ground - hell - history books - ice ages - icebergs - jungle - movies - museum exhibits - nature - pits - prehistories - storybooks - toy stores - tundra - turkeys - zoos - placental mammals - taller than mastodons, with high skullls * breed very slow. * is an elephant * range across from Europe to northeast Asia. Older elephant * have larger tusks of ivory, the principal target of poachers. * leave a more undefined footprint because of smoother ridges and worn heels. Savanna elephant * Most savanna elephants eat grass. * are larger than forest elephants, and their tusks curve outwards. Wild elephant * are numerous on the lower slopes of the Assam range and in the Brahmaputra valley - quite rare in Maine, at least in the late summer * spend most of their time either looking for food or eating it once they find it. Young elephant * Most young elephants weigh tons. * Some young elephants hit puberty. * follow their mothers or older sisters by holding on to their tails. * remain with their natal herd even after they've been weaned. Eutherian * are born at later stage of development. * are the most diverse group of mammals - widespread of the mammals, occurring throughout the world * give birth to a fully developed young.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Farm animal * All farm animals carry coccidiosis bacteria - come from wild stock somewhere back in time * Many farm animals exhibit territorial behaviors in the wild. * Most farm animals have their eyes located more to the side rather than to the front of their heads. * are an important source of nutrition and income to the rural poor - bred for many purposes * are different in other parts of the world - than wild animals - fundamentally different from more traditional laboratory animals * are located in countrysides - fairs - meadows - useful to people for work and food * can suffer and vegetable crops are difficult to harvest. * consume almost half the antibiotics bought in America. * eat hay. * exhibit syndromes. * graze with their young, trees blossom, crops sprout and the air is fresh and crisp. * have considerable control over the amount and the nature of the things that they eat - unique personalities * live much closer to the natural world than humans, dogs, or cats. * pick up salmonella from soil or contaminated feed. * produce over two trillion pounds of manure in the U.S. every year. * range from dogs to cows to chickens. * respond to love and affection the same way a dog or cat does. * retain less than one-third of the phosphate in their feed. * run wild, and men haul cargo on bicycles. * tend to be herbivores.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal: Feline * Many felines also stand on their rear legs, for example, when using scratching posts - have green eyes * Most felines have no trouble going in the litter box - retain their playful nature, even in their later years * Some felines are fastidious, just like their owners. * are carnivores - nothing compared with women - terrestrial organisms - the strictest of carnivores - wonderful creatures * have a naturally pH acidic system. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pads - paws - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles * kill thier prey with a chokehold bite to the neck. * require less time and expense than most other pets, including dogs. * specialize in sunbeam reconnaissance.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline: Cat * All cats also receive a vaccination against rabies, feline leukemia and feline distemper - appear grey in the dark * All cats are animals - at risk of suffering from miliary dermatitis - carnivores and efficient apex predators - de-wormed and treated for fleas - especially sensitive to a lack of taurine in their diets - gray in the dark * All cats are grey at night - home raised with dogs and never caged - hunters and have the uncanny ability to move silently and gracefully - mammals - narcissistic by nature, some more so than others - non-dogs - special animals that share our world - stronger for their size than any human - susceptible to cat flu - tabby cats - vocal and develop a language by means of gestures and expressions - become fat after being spayed or neutered - can swim, including the jaguar - clean themselves often with their rough tongues - eat a mostly meat diet - fight, and all keep themselves more or less in training while they are young - have a particular set of needs to be happy and healthy * All cats have an inbuilt desire and ability to stalk and catch prey - inherent immune system - binocular vision - excellent hearing - four paws - fur coats - little proteins in their oils that makes allergic folks go nuts - powerful muscles in their hindquarters, which they use for running and leaping - scent glands on their paws, faces and foreheads - sensitive ears that can hear many sounds - six paws * All cats have the ability to hide their pain and suffering very well - shed their coats in summer and grow it thicker in winter - their own personalities - live together with their people - love to hunt - mark their territory with scent - move silently, with unusual grace - normally have two eyes - produce oils from the sebaceous glands which cause problems - scratch to condition their claws and to exercise their paw muscles - share certain characteristics that are unique to the cat family - stretch languorously and rub up against other cats and objects - walk around on four feet called paws * Any cat can suffer from an occasional hairball, but some cats are more susceptible than others * Are Dogs. * CAN fall. * CAN'T drink catnip tea because they have an aversion to hot beverages. * DO perform a valuable function in a community by effectively controlling the rodent population. * Every cat mammal. * Many cats also enjoy grooming humans or other cats - prefer to use one pan for urination and another for defecation * Many cats also tend to eat less during extremely hot weather - relax if their face is covered with a blanket or towel * Many cats are able to clear the infection before the worms reach the heart - affectionate - infected and their owners have no idea of the presence of ear mites - obese due to over-eating and lack of exercise - only partially white - unable to properly digest cow's milk - very particular about cleanliness - become allergic to the saliva in the flea's mouth - begin marking as a result of sexual maturity - believe that they are humans, too - consider some, or all, of the house to be a territorial area of their own * Many cats continue to have problems with obstruction, while others never have a problem again - hunt successfully with a single bell - creep up slowly to their prey - differ in their preference for litter depth - display little or no aggression and are ideal companions - eat greens when they have an upset stomach, in order to induce vomiting - enjoy eating only when with people or other animals - get pregnant without their owner even realizing that they have been in heat to begin with * Many cats have a recurrence of cystitis - select group of people with whom they choose to associate - tendency to scratch furniture, woodwork, and occasionally people - severe problems and never display signs of pain - white markings * Many cats learn to enjoy walking on a leash, especially if trained while still young - love being groomed * Many cats like to defecate in vegetable gardens which can lead to the spread of disease to people - have their backs scratched and even to have their fur brushed backwards briefly - lose a large amount of muscle mass - love having their forehead gently stroked - make affectionate, loyal pets, providing companionship for people of all ages - occasionally sit upright in order to get a better view * Many cats prefer moving water - soft surfaces such as towels, bedding, clothing, or carpeting - show a remarkable sensitivity to people's needs * Most cats absorb nutrients - adapt to habitats - adjust pretty quickly to new surroundings as long as their family remains intact - also respond to a penny being shaken in a can * Most cats are extremely fussy about cleanliness - fastidious creatures and usually revel in the attention - furry - infected with roundworms at some point in their life - located in ecosystems - meticulous groomers - modest and prefer to do their business in solitude and peace * Most cats are nocturnal and all, except the lion, hunt alone - predators that ambush their prey - solitary hunters and typically prefer to eat alone * Most cats are very affectionate, but they re much more independent than dogs - happy indoors if they get enough attention and exercise - attain length - avoid poison * Most cats become indoor pets - mothers - poor mothers - benefit from food - briefly groom their flanks or back after a mild upset - bring prey - can be very nervous in an enclosed space in new surroundings * Most cats can have diarrhea - tendencies * Most cats carry fleas - genes - parasites - collect food - consume food diets * Most cats deliver kittens - their kittens without human intervention * Most cats develop hair - lungs * Most cats die at a very young age - of injuries * Most cats display different symptoms - their moods, by moving their tails - do their business in the shower - drink liquids * Most cats eat animals - birds - dinner * Most cats eat dry food and water - fish - insects - meat diets - mice - plant food - rats * Most cats eat raw diets - rodents - small mammals * Most cats engage in close physical contact * Most cats enjoy having their own space to rest, hide, scratch and play - interacting with their owners but are often content to play alone - outdoor activities * Most cats exhibit abnormal heartbeats - social behaviour - expend energy - fall accidentally from high-rise windows, terraces or fire escapes * Most cats feed on fish - vary diets * Most cats feel air - touch * Most cats follow people * Most cats gain excess weight * Most cats get food - raw meat * Most cats give birth to between one and nine kittens - offspring * Most cats go into heat - to homes - grow hair * Most cats has-part bones - extremities - lids - noses - skeletons - skin - stomachs - hate to travel * Most cats have allergic reaction - an aversion to perfumed scents - blue eyes - broad tails - color vision - conditions - dietary requirements - different physical features - difficulty digesting dairy products - digestive tracts - extra toes on their front feet and sometimes on their back feet as well * Most cats have five ashiyubi on their front ashi - claws on their front paws, and four on their rear paws * Most cats have five toes in the forepaws and four in the hind paws - on each front paw, but only four toes on each back paw - habits * Most cats have health conditions - issues - huge ears, which are cone-shaped to funnel sound to the inner ear - hunt experience - illnesses - instinct - intestines - involuntary movement - large intestines - legal protection * Most cats have long tails - thick fur - mouths - natural instinct - no eyelashes - numerous parasites - only four to five toes per paw, depending on whether it is the front or back paw - painful mouths - parents - phenotypes - pinworms * Most cats have poor color vision - respiratory congestion - round heads - senses - serious health issues - sharp claws * Most cats have short digestive tracts - stripes - teeth - triangular ears - trouble digesting dairy products - unique features - unusual appearances - vaginal discharge - very good litterbox habits - whiskers - yellow vaginal discharge * Most cats hear dogs - hide when giving birth, having their litters at night in a dark place - keep as pets * Most cats kill birds - large prey * Most cats kill many birds - native birds - wildlife - young rats - leave mothers * Most cats like to hunt and eat insects that wander across their path - scratch wood, rope or a rough fabric - live for years * Most cats live in areas - buildings - countries - environments - regions - same areas - urban environments - up to years * Most cats love a warm place to snuggle - their carbohydrates - to eat grass, and Evergreen brings the outdoors indoors - make animals - move hind legs - only shift their weight a little - play host to some form of parasite during their nine lives * Most cats play in countries - families - houses - possess blood * Most cats prefer food - privacy when they eliminate - soft, scoopable litter - the texture of the sand-like scooping litters - to go to the bathroom within their set territory * Most cats produce metabolic waste - secretion - watery secretion * Most cats reach adulthood - reproductive ages - up and stretch with their front paws on the post - react to catnip by rolling, flipping, rubbing, and eventually zoning out - readily adapt to a variety of environments * Most cats receive a subcutaneous injection of torbugesic - relate to cats - remain with mothers * Most cats require air - essential nutrients - fluid supplementation and B vitamin support - good quality proteins - high proteins * Most cats require other essential nutrients - protein diets - respond to diets - retreat to a safe place rather than scratch or bite their owner's boisterous 'kitten' - return home within twelve hours after surgery - scratch immediately after waking while performing stretching exercises * Most cats seek mice - shelter * Most cats seem to prefer open boxes - sandy litter and most people seem to prefer clumping litter - shed oocysts only once after infection and are then effectively immune * Most cats sit in gardens - sleep on beds - spread legs - stand on legs - stay in homes - steal food - survive on diets - take a few days to adjust to the idea of leash walking * Most cats tend to accumulate plaque on the outside of their upper teeth - be occasional eaters - do scratch and stretch at the same time, using a scratching post - slow down as they age, and engage in play less often and less energetically - thrive on the predictability of a daily routine - tolerate their chemotherapy well and have minimal side effects - turn into pets * Most cats use ears - keen sight - wait for food * Most cats walk on feet - watch mice * Most cats wear collars - safety collars - weigh pounds * S are a different breed of aircraft simulation. * Some Cats even enjoy having a few ice cubes in their water - cat fleas infest cats * Some cats acquire infection - actually enjoy being squirted in the face with water * Some cats also enjoy eating catnip leaves, which are perfectly safe - object to scented litters - prefer to use separate boxes for urinating and defecating * Some cats appear during years - in paintings * Some cats appear to almost stay in heat continuously - be able to rid themselves of the infection spontaneously * Some cats are able to vomit the hairball if it's small - afraid of spray nozzles - allergic to flea collars and develop a rash or lose the fur on their necks - aloof, while others are natural acrobats - big and wild - born blind - easier to work with than others as well - fussier than others, and some cats want to snuggle somewhat more then others - hunters and their prey can also cause smelly stools * Some cats are inside environments - structures - just lucky and produce more offspring than others - kept as mousers and their owners believe that cats become 'soft' if fed - less sociable toward others and less willing to share their territory - light eaters anyway - located in shelter - member of families * Some cats are more afraid than others - interested in play, toys or catnip than they are in food * Some cats are more likely to get upset than others - suck or chew on material such as rugs or clothing - sensitive to filth than others - social than other cats - partial to carpet pieces, corrugated cardboard, or doormats - polydactyl, and have up to seven claws on any paw - present with a faint brown or amber opacity confined to the stroma - quite content to live their lives behind closed doors - sexually mature at an early age and can, if held back for too long, lose condition * Some cats are very active and playful, while others are docile - likely to remain in foster care permanently - overweight and are considered obese - voracious eaters, scarfing down their food before they have time to taste it - white animals because some dogs are white animals and some cats are dogs - attract children - avoid people - become so congested that they are unable to breathe through their noses * Some cats can be insulin dependent and can be helped by life-long insulin therapy - carry the ringworm fungus without any apparent sign of illness at all - have life-long asthma that causes permanent damage to the lungs through scarring - live long and healthy lives while others contract diseases immediately * Some cats carry bacteria - viruses * Some cats come from ancestry - continue to try to nurse well into their adult lives - create litterboxes in places like playgrounds and sandpits - destroy plants * Some cats develop a habit of biting to offset their loss of clawing - peculiar curling-in of their ear tips - secondary bacterial infection in the skin - small lump at the injection site several weeks following the injection - bronchitis secondary to, or in addition to, asthma - degeneration - liver diseases - red tissue around their gums that seems to grow over the tooth * Some cats develop serious diseases * Some cats die from heart problems - hunger - in fire - display mental pain * Some cats do require thyroid hormone replacement after treatment for hypothyroidism - salivate and some cat owners do go vet hopping in Singapore - drink potion * Some cats eat baby iguanas - catfishes - chocolate * Some cats eat dead animals - geckos - infect fish - prey animals - snakes * Some cats eat whole animals - young animals - end up swallowing a large amount of hair when they groom themselves * Some cats enjoy prowling outside on a harness - searching for toys * Some cats enter ages - middle ages - establish territory - even get more hyper from valium - exhibit similar symptoms - favor milk - feed on snails - feel wind - follow their owners around very persistently when in heat * Some cats get insulin injections * Some cats hang from branches - tree branches - has-part toes * Some cats have a fondness for catnip, which is sensed by their olfactory systems - little blood in their stool occasionally, with no identifiable disease - activity levels - allergies to plastic, so try to avoid plastic dishes * Some cats have amaze ability - jump ability - cancer - chromosome pairs - coat patterns - combs - dental problems - difficulty adjusting to a new baby initially - digestive systems which only accept small amounts of food at a time - distribution - free reins - good health - health problems - loud purrs, sharing their songs with the world - more secretions than others - orthodontic problems - population size - problems eating from a bowl on the floor - sacs - short stunted whiskers and some cats even have no whiskers - similar patterns * Some cats have small population size - spots - strange tastes, and like to lick or eat certain chemicals - tapeworms - tubes - infect with hookworms - interact with other cats more easily than other cats - just love to climb, or some just love to be up and out of the way * Some cats keep food - kick the litter with their back feet and scatter it * Some cats kill animals - anteaters - blue iguanas - chicks - fly squirrels - giant anteaters - individuals - kiwi chicks - livestock - on roads - rabbits - solitary individuals - turtles - young iguanas * Some cats lead life - stressful life - lick their abdomen when they have cystitis or other causes of abdominal pain * Some cats like to ride in cars, others don t - spend their vacations quietly, snooze a lot, and hide out in a snug kitty tower - wrestle with stuffed animals, chase roaches, and lick the spaghetti pot - limit consumption - live at sanctuaries * Some cats live in Australia - Europe - farms - neighborhoods - parks - streets - tall grass - towns - on islands - over decades - with heartworms with no apparent symptoms, while some cats suddenly die * Some cats look like african servals - ocelots * Some cats lose ability - love to walk on a leash with their owners - maintain fitnesses * Some cats make antibodies - bonds - mark with urine in one position only, whereas others use both positions * Some cats never do really adapt - recover from their injuries enough to be returned to the wild - seem to purr, while others seemingly never stop * Some cats pick up organisms * Some cats play in cities - forests - mountains - rooms * Some cats possess antigen - penises * Some cats prefer a vertical surface and some a horizontal surface - run water - running water, and some owners oblige by opening taps to drip for their pets - scratching on a horizontal surface - small, light toys that are easy to manipulate * Some cats prefer the scratching posts, made out of corrugated cardboard, that lie flat on the floor - very fine grain litter and some prefer the coarser types * Some cats prefer to defecate and urinate in separate places requiring two pans - look out while travelling and are quiet when they can see where they are going - scratch wood, cardboard, or the backside of carpet - very little or no litter * Some cats prey on animals - kangaroos * Some cats prey on large animals - hoof animals - mastodons - okapis - produce antibodies * Some cats provide fur - reach puberty - react very strongly the presence of a stranger in the house - receive steroids * Some cats relate to animals - rely on conservation * Some cats require injections - medication - minerals - more grooming than others - vitamins - resemble sphinxs * Some cats respond best to long-acting injections and others to oral medication - to treatments - well to corticosteroids - rest on windows - routinely cough up hairballs twice a week, and some only twice a year - salivate excessively when they are nervous or stressed - scratch as a way to say hello when their owner enters a room * Some cats seem to be able to get rid of the infection spontaneously - normal, then die suddenly - seize animals - share common ancestors - shed enough virus during the stressed period to be a threat to surrounding cats * Some cats show no early symptoms and can die without warning - symptoms at all - simply stray too far from home and become lost * Some cats sit on beds - sleep in trees * Some cats stand in barns - fields * Some cats start biting out of frustration after they have been de-clawed - to bite after they're declawed - stress easier than others * Some cats suffer from diseases - painful problems - relate diseases - stomach acid if they have to eat from a bowl on the floor - hind limb paralysis following accidental injury to the spinal cord - take a great deal of care * Some cats tend to claw people and objects most when their nails are long - lose interest in grooming along with the normal aging process - threaten livestock - thrive on diets - transmit viruses * Some cats wait for birds - butterflies - lizards - watch trees - wear bells * There are thirty five recognised species of cats and a whole host of subspecies or races. * acquire tapeworms also by eating other animals. * actually acquire the infection from eating raw prey most commonly, too - think with their heads * adapt naturally to computers * age much faster than humans do. * also are at risk from snakebite - prone to hyperthyroidism - can develop staggering - communicate by vocalizations, and their vocal repertoire includes about a dozen calls - develop septicemic and pneumonic forms of plague - die quickly on the streets - enjoy acute hearing - groom themselves with their tongues - hate the smell of vinegar * also have a sexual instinct - an acute sense of hearing - excellent night vision and are able to track their prey in dark environments - mood changes like human beings - hunt simply because they know how, and because the opportunity presents itself - know that energy can only be stored by a lot of napping - leave countless baby birds orphaned and almost sure to die - pat with their paws * also prefer to urinate and defecate in different areas - variety in their diets * also require more protein and less fiber than a typical vegetarian diet provides - pre-formed vitamin A and arachidonic acid - regular grooming and their nails trimmed - run the risk of contracting feline immune deficiency virus when they fight - scratch to groom their claws, and remove old skin and claw sheaths - shed excessively when they are under stress or upset - suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs - take care of their own grooming * also use a substance secreted from the anal glands to mark - their claws to catch prey and to maintain their balance on tricky surfaces * always establish a dominance hierarchy - land on their feet * ambush prey. * appeal to an increasing urban population because they require less space than many dogs. * appear everywhere, and their presence dominates daily life - in our folktales and in our literature, even in our everyday speech - resistant to the toxin * appear to be less affected by TBDs than dogs - more susceptible to plague than dogs do - sensitive to the taste of water itself - have their own set of physical laws - lose their capacity to regulate food intake when neutered and are prone to obesity * approach doors. * are a critical part of the life cycle - favorite pet around the world - huge killer of native wildlife in Australia - major predator - particular problem because they lick themselves - potential source of toxoplasmosis, the most common parasitic infection worldwide - serious threat to fledglings, birds roosting at night and birds on a nest - waste of fur - able to consume catnip, but ONLY in small amounts - active pets that love to run, jump and fight * are adept at moving quietly through their environment without attracting any attention - slipping backwards out of a snug collar when it is attached to a leash * are also a serious and cunning predator of bluebirds - sign of impending death to many tribes - cleaner than dogs when they eat - control freaks - picky about the texture of the objects they scratch - predators of plover eggs and chicks - prone to arthritic conditions of the hips, elbows, spine and other joints * are also susceptible to infection by dog heartworm, although to a lesser degree than are dogs - phemphigus disorders * are also very prone to painfull cavities - sensitive animals - territorial, and keep a large home range * are always safer if they live indoors - suspect in bird nest raids, they are among the biggest threats to many birds * are among the most highly specialized of the flesh-eating mammals - intelligent species on Earth * are an atypical host for heartworms - important part of our daily life - animals and in general they are sometimes unpredictable in their behavior - animals, and animals have survival instincts * are as individual as people - soft as a blanket - at risk from a multitude of infectious diseases - attacked by several kinds of external and internal parasites - attracted to the steady supply of maggots falling into the water from the rotting carcass - basically shy animals and are discreet about taking care of their personal needs - black with white poke a dots - both definitive and intermediate hosts * are by nature solitary and very defensive of their space - tree dwellers as much as they are denizens of the ground * are by nature, highly territorial - outdoor animals - carnivores and are highly specialized for hunting - carnivores, consuming and digesting small prey, bones and all * are carnivorous and in natural environments are fierce predators - animals that prefer to prey on food that they intend to eat - mammals highly adapted for hunting and devouring their prey - cats and cats are going to go where they want to go, do what they want to do - clean creatures - cleanliness fanatics - considered full grown after only one year - content living their lives indoors * are creatures of habit, and some cats are much more resistant to change than others - to be loved and respected - curious animals and can open doors and cabinets - cute and furry and love to cuddle on laps, anyone's lap - dangerous predators for birds at other times of the year, too - dense columns of ionizations, which give rise to the locally high radiation dose deposited - divided into two groups, the small cats and the panthers - domestic animals because they live in the home - domesticated animals that still have natural instincts inherited from their wild ancestors - dumb when they walk in the night - easier to train than kids, and easier to kill, too * are effective hunters and can severely decrease the snake population - in controlling rodents - efficient eaters - emotionally more like two-year olds, who think they are the center of the universe * are especially prone to painful cavities which occur at the gumline - sensitive to chlorpyrifos * are even more similar to wild animals than dogs since they have experienced less breeding - susceptible than dogs to many pest control chemicals - exotic predators - experts at hiding illness, and elderly cats are no exception - exquisitely sensititive to organophosphate products - extraordinarily fastidious creatures * are extremely sensitive to acetaminophen toxicity - odors - ticks, fleas and treatments - fairly independent animals * are famous for their meticulous ways - stealthy approach to prey - fast and cats are sleep * are fastidious animals, and if the litter box is dirty, they look elsewhere for a place to go - creatures and prefer to have a clean toilet area - fastidiously clean and groom themselves constantly - fat, cats are medium, cats are even skinny - feminine and a sign of trouble * are finicky and they play psychological games - eaters and often refuse diet food - first and foremost c arnivores and, therefore, hunters - for people who like to cuddle, be calm,and just relax - found in commensal relationships wherever people are found - frequently the subject of fiction - fun to train and like to be played with - furry things that are nice to look at - generally less sociable than dogs, who more readily accept a new pack member * are good at recognizing abnormal behaviour - self-maintenance - pets to have around - to have as pets for many reasons - graceful animals that have a rounded face - happier if they have had one litter of kittens before being neutered - hard to restrain * are highly individual in their choice of birth dens - intolerant of mouth pain - susceptible to pyrethrums - however highly territorial, even more so than dogs - hunters and stalkers - important in the study of hearing and brain function - incredibly efficient reproducers - indeed a solitary species * are independent and can take care of all their own needs - indifferent to men with shorter beards - individuals and, like people, they experience advancing years in their own unique ways - infamous for trying to slip through open doorways - infected in much the same way dogs are - initially more resistant to heartworm than dogs - instinctually nocturnal - intelligent and alert, but they stand very little chance against fast-moving vehicles * are intelligent, and have an independent nature - creative beings - interested in being there, having a place to sleep, getting food - kept to keep down rats and mice * are known for their cleanliness, spending many hours licking their coats - fastidious cleanliness - less likely than dogs to become poisoned on their own * are less likely to enjoy a change in diet and are most often finicky eaters - fight when on unfamiliar territory - work than dogs - light sleepers, and sometimes they aren t asleep at all * are likely to become stranded in trees or shut in garages, storage sheds or on roof tops - trees or shut in garages, storage sheds, or on rooftops - eat a bit and then leave bits and pieces lying around - little people in fur coats - loners, meaning they can spend allot of time alone without getting lonely - low-maintenance pets - made of atoms, so cats are colorless - magical animals, with their own approach to life which is endlessly fascinating to watch - many colors * are more able to adapt to being alone for an extended period of time - active during the evening hours - attractive when they run around naked - difficult, as they are very clean animals - independent than dogs, but they can be trained with patience, understanding and love - intelligible in the morning - likely than dogs to trigger an allergic response - particular about personal cleanliness than people are - predisposed to intense lung reactions, bronchial asthma for example * are more sensitive than dogs - to organophosphate insecticides than most other animals - susceptible than dogs, and younger and older animals are at increased risk * are more susceptible to adverse effects - plague than dogs and get sicker * are most likely to be up and about during early morning or late evening hours - eliminate at certain times, such as after waking and after eating - mostly solitary * are much more independent that dogs - susceptible to insecticides than dogs - safer living indoors - mysterious animals - native to all continents but Australia and Antarctica - natural enemies of voles * are natural hunters and often find snakes - who combine patience with instinct and a sixth sense - nibblers and prefer to eat many small meals throughout the day * are naturally clean animals and kittens learn from their mothers to bury their faeces - fastidiously clean animals, even wild ones - solitary and aloof creatures - no longer 'bred', they are 'genetically engineered' - non-discriminatory when it comes to killing * are normally lighter and more agile than dogs as well * are notorious for eating pepper seedlings - the leaves of some types of palms - hairballs which can be less frequent if brushed regularly - sucking eggs in a henhouse, too - their aversion to getting wet * are notoriously bad drinkers, even when they are thirsty - individualistic * are obligate carnivores and, in the wild, live on rodents, birds, reptiles and insects - which means they require meat to survive - carnivores, but kibble is what they taught - of great danger to babies * are often anorectic, febrile, and depressed - more finicky than dogs, and their nutritional requirements are more complicated - one of the most majestic and unique mammals known to man - opportunistic feeders, eating what is most easily available - orange black and white * are orange, cats are black, cats are all different - are even brown - partially color blind * are particularly prone to abscesses - sensitive to any medication containing morphine, codeine or similar products - susceptible to plague, and can be infected by eating infected rodents - suseptible to airborne respiratory diseases - vulnerable to coyotes - partnerships among school, home, community, and student representatives - physically and mentally capable of exploring their surroundings in great detail - plentiful at Love at First Sight and in good health - polka dotted under their fur * are popular as pets because they respond positively to our attention and affection - pets as they are less dominating than dogs - predators by nature * are predators, and rely on their strong night vision to hunt and capture prey - without exception - priestry, royalty, intelligentsia and entertainment industry * are prone to many of the same problems that people are - viral infections that affect the eye - pure carnivores - quiet, restrained and have adapted to living indoors - rare and spawn only in jungles - rather stoic creatures and it is speculated that they hide or mask their pain well - relatively easy to take careof as they do daily things for themselves - remarkable animals and they make good pets - responsible for killing hundreds of thousands of birds each year - rodent specialists - scared of water - screened for ringworm via toothbrush fungal cultures * are sensitive to citrus, so avoid citronella - many flea products, and kittens even more so - some insecticides - small women in fur coats * are small, Cats are tall, Cats can be very large - but they are quick and strong - cats are big, some are even tiny - smarter than dogs * are so much different than dogs - very different than dogs * are social by nature with preference toward the familiar - to a degree, but they are far more concerned with territorial issues * are solitary animals and usually hunt alone - predators and they often go out of their way to avoid each other - some of the cutest house pets today - specialized hunters having extremely limber but compact bodies - strange animals - strong protectors, independent, self assured, emotional, and capable of seeing spirits - subject to gum disease and to dental caries - such that if they can no longer breath, they die * are susceptible but appear to be poorer hosts than dogs - to respiratory infections - susceptible, but appear to be poorer hosts than the dog * are territorial and cats within a colony defend their territory against others - have a variety of methods for marking their territory - animals, so permanent homes are typically less stressful - by nature and they identify their territory by scent * are the cutest when they are asleep - favored pet of many people today * are the most peculiar of creatures - popular pet in America - territorial of all the domestic pets * are the only animal species to shed the infectious stage in their feces - shed the infectious stage of the disease in their feces * are the only animals that are both prey and predator - carriers of the toxoplasmosis organism, which is passed through their feces - living animals that have retractable claws - species of animal to shed the infectious stage in their feces - single greatest danger birds face, especially fledglings - sleepiest of all mammals - species that are widely kept as pets worldwide - ultimate predator - worst pets for some allergic people - tiny women in little fur coats - totally different animals to dogs - twice as likely to cause an allergic reaction in people as dogs - unable to see in total darkness, any more than humans can - unique in many ways * are uniquely sensitive to many medications - phenolics and other benzene-based compounds * are usually curious creatures, especially kittens - nocturnal, or active at night - scared of dogs, and the dogs usually chase the cats - very particular about caring for their coats * are very clean animals and like to go the bathroom in one place - that avoid foul-smelling and damp places - by nature, but it is important to pay attention to their grooming needs also - different from dogs - expressive in terms of their body language - good at observational learning - important subjects in cancer research * are very intelligent and can be trained to behave appropriately - animals who have their own unique personalities, just like dogs - particular about their territories and about their bathroom habits - playful and like some attention, but are generally much more independent than dogs - resistant to such a drastic change in the texture of their food * are very sensitive to being pulled by their necks - changes in their environment - many people medications * are very sensitive to the texture and odor of their litter - vestibular effects of aminoglycosides - susceptible to stress when things change - territorial, much more so than dogs - useful animals in a country that depends on grain - weak trichromats - well known for their sense of curiosity and independent nature * are, as a rule, immaculately clean creatures that spend many of their waking hours grooming - by nature, organisms - for the most part, solitary and only come together to mate * attain body length * avoid obstacles * basically have only one common heart problem called cardiomyopathy. * become companions - home companions - infected following ingestion of the rodent - social between the second and seventh week of life * begin to show visible age-related changes at about seven to twelve years of age. * belong to the category of nocturnal animals, who do most of their foraging for food at night. * bite mice. * bring mice * bristle their tails and the fur on their bodies when aroused. * bury their feces to cover their trails from predators. * can actually become pregnant while nursing their young - adapt to any size living quarters - also aggravate asthma * can also be carriers without being infected themselves - frustratingly peculiar about their drinking habits - major predators of birds and small mammals in urban areas - climb down a tree forwards and backwards, due to a very flexible ankle joint - contract babesiosis, though far less commonly than do dogs - control the amount of light coming into their eyes better than other mammals * can also develop an intolerance to other dietary ingredients, resulting in diarrhea - fluid build up in the chest that is localized outside the lungs - herpetic ulcers across the cornea - do serious damage to dogs - focus clearly and quickly for long and short distances * can also get cancer in the bladder - whipworms, which actually do produce diarrhea - have a general weakness, enlarged lymph nodes and transient fevers - itch because of inhaled, contact or food allergies - lose their appetite from a parasitic infection - purr to comfort their young * can also spread the parasite in their faeces - suffer from three serious diseases of the eye, all of which can progress to blindness * can be a real or perceived threat to birds - aloof, then turn around and crave attention - asymptomatic carriers and the environment is probably contaminated - critically ill with the disease and test negative - dangerous, too - difficult to bathe - easily litter box trained and remain indoors all the time - extremely possessive and jealous * can be good for warning people when there fire in the house - travelers, especially if they become accustomed to travel at an early age - hard to keep hydrated, a situation that can lead to urinary-tract problems - in danger, or they can be a danger - inquisitive, friendly, playful, active, loving and independent - just as verbal as dogs when it comes to expressing themselves - kittens for life - lazy creatures, hunters, or angry beasts - litter box trained as early as five weeks - possessive and territorial animals - quite content outside on a harness and a leash, basking in the sun - simultaneously antibody positive and bacteremic with no signs of illness - vegetarian' * can be very aggressive when defending themselves, especially if they are scared or angry - good at masking signs of disease until they're so sick their lives are at risk - intelligent animals, but they also had their 'dumb' streaks - particular about the kind of litter they use - stoic about pain - become pregnant at five months of age - catch toxoplasmosis from eating rodents - cause damage in the home - claw their way through a wooden door in seconds - continue to breed even in their senior years - detect catnip oil in the air at saturations as low as one part per billion * can develop a disease of the heart muscle called cardiomyopathy - form of lymphoma in the nose - high fever, become lethargic and stop eating - number of problems related to the bladder and urethra - specific type of conjunctivitis known as eosinophilic conjunctivitis - fatty livers when they are overfat and then fast or are nutritionally stressed - heavy breathing with airways diseases - swellings around the mouth and on the lips or chin - discriminate between the visual illusion and the random patterns * can do damage - enormous damage - donate blood to other cats - eat more meat then dogs because they have a different body pH requirement - elevate their glucose simply by being stressed * can get a lot of exercise by playing with their toys or jumping on the furniture - blockages in their bowels which can lead to death - fat enough on their own - fleas from many ways - roundworms by eating wild animals as well as from feces or a contaminated environment - sick even from being around a dog that's been treated with such a formula - stomach worms from eating beetles, cockroaches and crickets * can get tapeworms from eating fleas - fleas, mice, or other rodents - their heads stuck in empty mayonnaise jars - toxoplasmosis from eating raw meat or prey of animals such as mice * can harbor a heartworm infection at any age from nine months to seventeen years - virus called toxoplasmosis * can have allergies and eye irritations the same as humans - bladder control problems due to repeat infections in the past and catheterizations - difficulty breathing for a number of different reasons - ectopic thyroid tissue in locations other than the neck - freckles * can have the Leukemia Virus for years before showing symptoms - leukemia virus for years before showing signs of the disease - their first heat cycle when they're still kittens - hide beneath nectar plants and jump up to catch rubythroats as they are foraging - jump to amazing heights * can keep a rat population under control - themselves amused without human interaction - learn from watching other cats, but they learn best from their mothers * can live long, safe and happy lives completely indoors - nearly twice that long - on dog food' - love affection, but people get offended when the cat doesnt - make over a hundred vocal sounds, while dogs can only make about ten * can move and listen with their ears independently of each other - their ears in different directions - pass ringworm, a fungus, on to humans - play, with a mouse, cats can even play with a grouse - produce up to three litters a year from the age of one - purr while exhaling and inhaling - react severely to flea bites and airborne allergens * can see almost as well as humans can, and at times better - ghosts - well in normal and dim light - sense mutant geckos instantly - smell mice from over half a mile away - spread toxoplasmosis, a frequently incurable protozoal disease - suffer from different kinds of arthritis, which literally means joint inflammation - take care of themselves - thrive on any diet , dry, canned or semi-moist, as long as it is complete and balanced * can tolerate a few adult heartworms in the heart for several months - corticosteroids quite well, with few side effects - the cold much better than humans because of their fur * can transmit diseases to humans as well - wild felines - toxoplasmosis , which is dangerous for pregnant women - turn over in mid air after being dropped back first, feet up * can wear stretch collars with flat tags that are riveted directly into the collar - tags that are riveted directly onto the collar - the viral infection toxoplasmosis in their feces * catch birds * cause a great deal of damage to Australia's fauna. * chase birds * chew grass for roughage. * clean themselves everyday. * climb trees. * close mouths. * come in a variety of colors and patterns. * come in all colors and styles - with all kinds of coats - short, long, or curly - colors, coats, and breeds - heat according to the weather - rust or blue * come into heat more often - often, as often as once a month * communicate by marking trees, fence posts, or furniture with their claws or their waste - moving their ears and tail - in a variety of ways, from scent to visual to vocal - through their tails * compete directly with quolls for food and some dogs kill both devils and quolls. * conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. * consume calories - dry food diets - small prey whole * cool themselves by rapid breathing and by licking their coats. * cools their bodies through grooming. * cover up their prey's body. * cross paths. * currently make up most of the reported cases among domestic animals in the United States. * definitely are creatures of habit, and prefer their environment to be very consistent. * demonstrate ability - unique ability * depend on being able to catch mice and other small animals. * depend on their owners for the essentials of existence - whiskers to act like radar * develop at an early age naturally occurring alloantibodies against the other blood type - cutaneous and visceral mast cell tumors - immunity against the parasite, which usually prevents reinfection * die of injuries. * differ from other species in the type of punishment that is most effective to change behavior. * dig holes. * digest meals. * directly walk on their toes. * dislike deep or narrow food bowls which constrict their sensitive whiskers - odors such as cedar chips, perfumes, and citrus oils - posture * do eat grass - feel mouth pain and a change in eating habits can be an indication of a dental problem * do get diseases, and prevention is better than cure - upset sometimes - have an impact on wildlife - it as a natural expression of their cat nature - know about others' pain, human and feline alike - less damage than men when operating industrial machines - snore * do tend to travel - want to drag their claws against nice, upholstered surfaces - the same thing by rubbing their foreheads on people and objects * don t allow closed doors in any room - bark at all hours of the night, bay at the moon or chase cars - like change - want to have the fur on the back of their necks grabbed and be dangling over the floor * drink less water than dogs * drive people to extremes. * droop asleep, are warm on winter nights, their coats spit sparks in the dry windy weather. - cat food and leftovers - infected fleas and the tapeworm attaches to the intestine - pretty much every small organism, even insects - to satisfy their energy needs * encapsulates that special relationship between cats and humans. * encounter people. * enjoy a variety in their diet * especially enjoy meat - love to chew on tinsel - react differently to tranquilization * establish territories, even when they are kept totally indoors. * even get more painful cavities that form at the roots of the teeth. * exercise through play. * exhibit a wide range of normal behaviors relating to elimination - lung diseases - same behavior * expend considerable energy - nearly as much fluid grooming as they do urinating * experience reaction - skin reaction * explore habitats. * exposed to liquid potpourris can develop severe oral, dermal and ocular damage. * feature ears. * feed diets - safest when they are wrapped tight or within an enclosure - the stresses of indoor confinement * find change stressful and can react by altering their behavior to try to cope - many household pesticides and chemicals, extremely toxic, sometimes to the point of death * focus on finishing off the prey. - tracks * form bonds with each other as well as with humans. * frequently eat grass - objects that can cause obstruction or internal injury - have a history of vomiting as well - scratch each other's eyes when fighting - try to enhance their size and ferocity to make the threat more menacing * generally like to have a good scratch after sleeping or eating - wet food only when it first comes out of the can, very moist and fresh - require higher levels of certain B vitamins than dogs - stalk their prey, sneaking to within close range before pouncing * generate a rumbling vibration that seems to come from deep in the throat or near the heart. * get Toxoplasmosis by eating rodents or uncooked meat of any kind - boring when they get old - certain diseases - heartworm disease the same way dogs get it - scabby spots along their necks and down their backs - tapeworm from fleas - upper respiratory infections all the time * give birth to cats - through the same developmental stages that people do * grieve for dogs, and dogs for cats. * groom themselves and groom their kittens. * grow a heavy winter coat, just like other winter wildlife * has-part anuses - guts - jaws * hate loud noises * hate the hissing noise near their ears - smell of citron - sticky feeling of the tape on their paws * have a bony structure in their penis called a baculum - characteristic slit-like pupil in bright light conditions - controversial past, with black cats being considered both good and bad luck - dental profile typical of the carnivores - full inner-eyelid, or nictitating membrane - hard rough pallet and can even eat dry food after they have had all their teeth removed - highly developed sense of hearing which is important for survival and locating prey * have a keen sense of smell which is possibly due to their advanced level olfactory bulb - lithe, muscular, compact, and deep-chested body - lot of hard-wired behaviors, things they do instinctively - nail on the inner side of each foot called the dew claw * have a normal life span but their intelligence is slightly below average - strong desire to scratch - pancreas, so naturally they can develop cat diabetes , too - particularly high requirement for protein - personality of their own - profound influence on the emotional status of cat lovers - remarkable affinity with their human owners - rounder head, pointed ears, longer legs, a flat nose, and usually have a jumping pounce - sense of humor and often have an expression of laughing - sly sense of humor, and are very good at keeping secrets * have a strong fight or flight reflex, similar to the horse - natural desire to hunt - superior sense of smell - tendency to accumulate tartar or scale around the teeth * have a very different social nature from dogs - sensitive sense of touch in the hairs on their faces - wide collection of sounds other than the meow * have an almost supernatural mystique - amazing ability to almost always land on their feet - array of marking glands which have been barely investigated - aversion to citrus odors - eosinophil increase that occurs briefly within a few months of infection - excellent sense of smell - incredible sense of smell - anal sacs or scent glands - attitude * have better balance than humans and are obviously much more agile - chances - night vision than humans because they have a higher proportion of rods to cones - both rods and cones in the retina - cats, and dogs have dogs - concepts - cones sensitive to green and blue, but few, if any, cones for red - connotations of witch-magic, cosy cottages or revels by night, dogs are loyal and loving * have different nutritional needs than dogs * have different preferences for scratching, depending on their personalities - when it comes to scratching - either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with humans * have excellent eyesight they can see things from far away - eyesight, hearing and sense of smell * have excellent night vision, sharp hearing and enormous physical strength - extremely good vision at night * have extremely sensitive nervous systems - whiskers, which are, in fact, feelers - few eating problems - fewer breast tumors, but when they do, they are nearly always malignant * have five toes on each front paw, but only four toes on each back paw - the forefeet and four on the hind feet * have five toes on their forefeet and four toes on their hind feet - front paws, but only four touch the ground when walking * have four paws but only one ma - types of hairs covering their body - fur coats, and by definition, they grow to a certain length and then stop growing - fur, four legs, and a tail the same as dogs do - giant bladders - glands on the bottom of their feet - good fur - heart murmurs for many reasons - litter type preferences - long, piercing incisor teeth, and their bites actually are more dangerous than dog bites - many coat types - metacarpals and phalanges compacted together for walking on forelimbs - more than one hundred vocal sounds, while dogs only have about ten - instincts to hunt, run, and play rambunctiously * have no bones - concept of sexual identity or ego - handles when wet - memory and no future - taboos about mating with siblings or even their offspring - universal donors, but almost all domestic shorthair cats have type A blood - notoriously reactive platelets, which clump readily on sample collection - one upper and lower molar on each side - only thirty teeth - other adaptations for dim light * have over one hundred vocal sounds, but dogs only have about ten - while dogs have about ten - while dogs have only about ten - powerful instincts that direct their behavioral patterns * have relatively few taste buds compared to humans - long whiskers that are very sensitive to movement and touch * have retractable claws and normally keep the claws retracted - that protrude when the pads of their feet are pushed down - scent glands in the paws and they are creatures of ritual * have scent glands on multiple places on their body including their faces and feet - their faces and at the base of their tails - sebaceous glands in their cheeks, chin and the base of their tale * have serious health issues - several growth stages * have sharp claws to protect themselves from predators - claws, And they have very soft paws - teeth, equally effective for catching prey or inflicting deep puncture wounds - short, broad heads, which provide little room for the teeth - slit pupils and humans have round pupils - soft fur - special requirements - strides - tails and a lot of people have tales, too * have the ability to hide serious illness until it reaches a crisis stage - largest eyes of any mammal - memory of elephants when it comes to unpleasant events - preservation of their young built in to their anatomy - same basic skeleton and internal organs as human beings and other meat-eating mammals * have their own condos with a bird's eye view of, well birds - distinct personalities, with some breeds having a reputation for being loners - heating and ventilation system - parvovirus, which is commonly known as feline distemper - personality, much like people do - private rooms with windows - room in which they can play - style and personality that are supposed to be different - three eyelids - tiny barbs on their tongues that pull out lots of hair as they groom themselves * have true fur, in that they have both an undercoat and an outer coat - meaning that they have both an undercoat and an outer coat - twenty muscles to move their ears - twenty-six deciduous and thirty adult teeth * have two basic postures for expelling urine from their bodies - different sets of vocal cords, one to meow and one to purr - very loose skin which contributes to their suppleness * hide when there danger present and go missing days before an earthquake. * hunt animals - different animals during the night and day - small prey, such as rodents and birds - the young iguanas and dogs kill adults * include lions - breasts - cell membranes - corpi - rib cages - sections * infected usually die within two years - with plague often exhibit swelling and sores around the mouth, head and neck * inhabit areas * instinctively hunt things - know how to hunt thanks to their parents - stretch all the time, and for good reason * invariably have the furious type of rabies. * is played all over the world with live music. * just love to hide and pounce - play with things they can bat around on the floor - the birds away and squirrels devour the food * kill millions of songbirds each day - in the U.S. each year - wildlife that are food for many predators such as hawks, owls, foxes, snakes, and bobcats * knead with their paws when they're happy. * know how to pamper themselves and enjoy quiet moments * lack a true collarbone. * land on feet. * learn behaviours from their mother - to stalk prey from instinct, but also partly from their mothers - very quickly when they are motivated * lick paws - themselves more than dogs * like dinner. * like to avoid obstacles like sticks, leaves and debris which can cause noise when stepped on - be surrounded by sweet-smelling flowers - chase things that are running - climb up to a high place, where they can sit and unobtrusively keep an eye on things - climb, and explore things - drink milk * like to eat it, too - lizards just like they love mice - the branches and leaves - go out at night to hunt mice and play with the other cats - have their own toys - leave scent markings to let other cats know their territory - organize their environment based on their needs - perch in high places - scratch when they awaken, especially in the morning and the middle of the night - swallow thread - take their time when making new friends * live a long, long time - safer, longer life as indoor pets * live in a wide variety of habitats, although they are most numerous in warm climates - world of fuzzy pastels - longer than dogs - longer, safer, happier and healthier lives when kept indoors with their human companions * look for dinner. * look, function, and act the way they do, because of what they eat. * lose almost as much fluid in the saliva while grooming themselves as they do through urination - their ability to balance because they can no longer grasp with their claws * love a cozy, enclosed space to curl up in at nap time - cheese - cow milk - curtains - fish-flavor cat foods - gentle attention and respond to affection - seafood - the access to the outside so much, that they spend the majority of the day outside * love the smell and feel of sheepskin and wooly toys - to bask in the morning sun, as well as watch wildlife and human activities outside * love to be chased * love to chew on grass, catnip, parsley or sage - the threads and dogs love to chew on wood - eat mice - explore, especially dark, quiet places * love to hide IN something, whether it's a drawer, a closet, or a bag - in empty boxes or paper sacks - look out the window - play with toys, especially fuzzy ones that move - rub against the body of the spider, and they enjoy playing with the floppy felt legs - sharpen their claws on natural cedar - swat at dangling objects - good pets if they have a good personality and demeanor - their own C, but environmental and other stresses can deplete an animal's reserves - up an ever-increasing number of the overall shelter population * manage to twist themselves around by exerting torques within their own bodies. * mark territory - the locations where they live or which they frequent in many ways * may have infection * meow because they have a cat nature - loudly when in heat * meow, and dogs bark, and babies cry. * move ears - from locations - their ears to pick up more sounds and determine where the sounds are coming from * must have diets. * naturally are very clean animals - scratch to bury their waste * need areas - asthma treatments - emergency care - large areas * never use up the credit card on clothing and jewelry. * now live longer than ever before - outnumber dogs as the most popular animal companion in the United States * nurse their kittens up to eight weeks long. * occupy regions. * occur throughout the area and are also known predators of juvenile iguanas. * often become infected when they eat an infected rodent or bird - bring home their hunting trophies as a sign of appreciation * often climb down on their own - into warm car engines and are injured or killed when the car is started * often crawl onto warm car engines to sleep - up under the hood for a warm nap in cold weather - develop behavioural problems when lonely - favor fish-flavored vittles, while dogs tend to prefer liver and beef * often get deathly ill by nibbling on green and growing things - frost bite on the tips of the ears - hide symptoms of illness until they're seriously ill * often lick the fur off just under their tails - their bodies, so fur gets into their stomachs - like to flop over onto one side for grooming, so don t insist that they sit up or stand - lose their appetites and become more irritable as well - lurk in shrubbery near feeders and birdbaths awaiting a chance to pounce - prefer vegetables that are diced or sliced very thin or mashed - react to any type of stress by suddenly urinating or defecating outside the litterbox - reinjure the toes * often rub their head or neck on objects as well - up against people and furniture to lay their scent and mark their territory - show signs of flea allergies by excessive grooming - sleep when the house is quiet and grow more active when people arrive home - take refuge from the cold in a car's engine * only pass T. gondii in their feces for a few weeks after becoming infected - scratch themselves because of fleas - shed oocysts for a few days to weeks in their lives after primary infection * own everything they walk on, over, or under. * perceive the world quite differently. * play an important part in controlling the rodent population - the ecosystem, they help control rodents - best when they are young - only one game, and it's called hunting * pose an increased danger because of their contact with humans. * possess a natural hunting instinct - an image intensifying device at the rear of their eyes - manes - ovaries - reflexes - very clear eyesight and are capable enough to see even in dull light * prefer a routine of eating the same thing most of the time - catching rodents - mouse body temperature - small, fresh, frequent meals to big ones a couple times per day * prefer their food at 'mouse body temperature' - room temperature * prefer to eat small meals throughout the day - use soft, clean sand * prevail in sleeper. * prey on almost any mammal or bird they can overpower and occasionally on fish and reptiles - ground-nesting birds, songbirds in trees and small mammals * pride themselves on their ability to do nothing. * procreate exponentially. * produce cats, dogs produce dogs, and people produce people * quickly become very graceful, and can learn to avoid sending things flying. * range all over the world, everywhere except the poles - of hearing is similar to humans * react very differently than dogs to some insecticides. * really are completely carnivorous - seem to love to get their toes into soil * receive fleas - vaccinations to help prevent distemper, rabies, and upper respiratory illness * recognize each other by smell. * refers to computerized axial tomography. - others based on the situation and familiarity * rely on the sun to cool themselves - strongly on body language to communicate - very heavily on their sense of sight * remain susceptible to reinfection with hookworms and roundworms * remove adhered feces by pulling out the soiled hair or by rubbing against the floor. * reproduce cats, dogs reproduce dogs and people reproduce people. * require a higher dose per pound than dogs * require both dietary linoleic and arachidonic acids - vitamin A and niacin in their diet - more protein and fat in their foods - oils to keep regular, and raw oatmeal serves as fiber - stimulation - taurine, an essential amino acid, for heart and eye health * resemble cats - leopards * resort to urine marking because they are positively or negatively excited. * respond better to women than men. * respond to a variety of musical sounds and seem to be most stimulated by the high notes - very well to fatty acids * return to owners. * revert to wild tendencies easily due to ongoing fear for safety. * roam areas * rub against their companions to mingle their scents and reinforce the bond. * run away and dogs can be a nuisance. * scratch in order to leave a visual and olfactory smell that marks their territory - more often when they awaken and when greeting a returning owner - only as a last resort if they are extremely upset and frightened * scratch to deposit scent from glands in their paws - shed the sheaths of their old claws * scratches and bites are risk factors for the disease - can cause cat scratch disease, a bacterial infection carried in cat saliva - or bites are risk factors for the disease * see cots as cosy beds and babies as warm things to snuggle against - six times better in the dark and at night than humans * seek companions - warmth in car engines * seem to be sensitive to certain organophosphate insecticides - have a flexible social system - like to use buckwheat seeds as cat litter - pay more attention to things that are different - sleep all the time - throw up regularly just to stay in practice * select food. * shake heads. * share environments - people' s lives, homes, and hearts as proven companion animals - residences * shed in order to remove dead hair from their bodies - oocysts in their feces for only a few weeks after the time of initial infection - the outer sheaths of their claws periodically * show behaviour - expression with their ears - happiness by purring - no symptoms of the disease * sit high, peer downward, chatter at birds and spit at dogs. * sleep after ripping and romping around the house - an average of sixteen hours a day - and eat when they want to - anywhere - fat and walk thin - two-thirds of the day but they are always on alert - up to eighteen hours a day, but never quite as deep as humans * sometimes exhibit swellings and sores around the mouth, head and neck when infected - nap on warm car engines - spray in response to change - take a longer rest between births * soon learn to avoid their normal food after only a few days of finding medicine in it. * speak in quiet voices, but they always manage to get themselves heard. * spend hours a day washing themselves - incredible amounts of time napping * spread dead mice - disease and make people sick - to other parts of the world by ship * stay in and out of heat for most of the spring through fall months - where they are loved, feed, and feel at comfort * struggle daily to survive in alleys, behind restaurants, around dumpsters, and in parks. * suffer from hip dysplasia, too, but their symptoms are usually minor - more than their share of urinary tract and kidney problems - some of the same visual impairments as humans - in an unfamiliar setting, even if they are good predators - no ill psychological effects as a result of neutering - the most from the increased ultraviolet rays that summer days bring * suffering from greeblingz typically have wild-eyed expressions. * swallow food - their food without chewing, so extreme temperatures of food are dangerous * take advantage - personal hygiene very seriously * target prey. * tend to be curious critters and often end up under the driver's feet - more independent and sleep more as adults - very private pets - bond very strongly with a single individual - claw to comfort themselves during times of stress - consider each event as an individual experience - cost less than dogs - develop diabetes that mimics the adult onset diabetes seen in humans - freeze in front of car headlights resulting in being hit - like to run a bit, stop, roll, sniff an area, eat grass and then carry on * thrive anywhere people do with very little special care. * throw up twice their body weight when dizzy * to come into contact. * tolerate both heat and cold better than humans. * travel in packs. * try and establish a hierarchy with each other where one cat is dominant. * typically become fiercely possessive over meat - sleep more than humans * understand the importance of beauty sleep. * urinate more frequently, or they urinate outside the litterbox. - litter boxes or go outside because that is where they want to go - nails and teeth to resist grooming - pheromones to communicate in a number of ways - quiet manipulation and maneuvering to get power, but dogs use anger and loud noise - scent from other parts of their bodies to communicate as well * use their acute sight and hearing to catch prey - claws to exercise, play, stretch, climb, hunt and mark their territority - paws to clean their faces, too * use their tail to communicate their mood - dissipate tension by swishing back and forth - tails to communicate their emotions, both to other cats and to humans - tongues to clean their fur, as well as for scraping meat from bones - whiskers to feel around in the dark, fit through small spaces and get around objects - wide array of senses and skills in order to successfully catch prey * using sand boxes and dogs sleeping under shrubs and crawlspaces provide a reservoir of fleas. * usually acquire salmonellosis by ingestion - appear relaxed and have a nap after playing with catnip * usually are solitary animals - but sometimes are found in pairs or larger groups - avoid defecating or urinating in areas where they eat - cause more allergy symptoms than dogs - choose certain types or textures of materials to scratch - deposit hairballs only in the nursery - develop sequestra on one eye, but bilateral cases occur - display haughty tolerance towards ferrets - do an excellent job of keeping clean * usually get their front feet declawed - very active when sniffling' nip - have four pairs, two thoracic and two abdominal, which are about equidistantly spaced * usually have only two or three worms and live only two years after infection - worms and the worms live only up to two years - love attention from humans - prefer to stay in the comfort of their warm houses - shed their coat in cycles brought on by the length of daylight - succumb to the disese within a week after signs appear * vary in how much they like being petted or held by people - they'll tolerate being petted or held * vomit twice their body weight when dizzy. * wag their tails when it is in a stage of conflict - they are angry as a warning - or trot on their digits, often placing the hind foot in the track of the forefoot * want homes * watch birds * will have appearances - unhealthy appearances * work in their own communities to reduce teen pregnancy rates. + Cat, Behaviour * Cats are fairly independent animals. They can look after themselves and do not need as much attention as dogs do - Cat anatomy * Cats walk very precisely. This trait is shared with camels and giraffes. Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four on their rear paws. This special feature, on the inside of the wrists, is the carpal pad, also found on other cats and on dogs * Cats are very clean animals. They groom themselves by licking their fur. The cat's tongue can act as a hairbrush and can clean and untangle a cat's fur. Still, owners may buy grooming products to help the cat take care of itself. A hairball is a small amount of fur that is vomited up by animals when it becomes too big. This is quite normal - Health Concerns * Cats do get diseases, and prevention is better than cure. It is most important to get a young cat vaccinated against some of the most deadly diseases. Some cats, depending on breed, gender, age, and general health, may be more susceptible to disease than others. Ashe Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey. * Kittens are sometimes born with defects. People who receive cats as gifts are recommended to get it examined for its health. Some birth defects, like heart problems, require urgent vet attention. Others are harmless, like polydactyly. Most cats have only four to five toes per paw, depending on whether it is the front or back paw. These mutated cats have six, seven, and in rare cases even more. All of these cats are called 'polydactyl cats'. They can also be called 'Hemingway cats' because author Ernest Hemingway owned many of these cats + Litter box: Pets * Litter boxes usually need to be cleaned regularly. Cats, for example, wish to have their box cleaned every two to three days. Some cats create litterboxes in places like playgrounds and sandpits. Litterboxes usually produce unpleasant smells, which can be avoided by special litter.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Affected cat * are often between two and six years old. * have extreme pruritus, erythema and crusting around the ears, head, feet and perineum. * tend to show loss of appetite, pale gums, tiredness and depression. Altered cat * are healthier and live longer than their intact kin do. * can be larger. Andean cat * Most andean cats have protection. * Some andean cats have distribution - population size * Some andean cats have small population size Barn cat * Most barn cats eat dry food - have kittens * keep rats away from nearby engines. Bengal cat * Bengal Cats Explore the world of Bengal cats. * Most Bengal cats are at least four generations removed from Asian leopard cats - brown tabbies, with different shades of red, sand, and yellow * Some Bengal cats enjoy the glitter gene that gives a metallic shine unique to the Bengal cat. * are prone to cataracts, an eye disorder which attacks the lens of the eye - very friendly, outgoing ,active and alert Blind cat * Many blind cats learn how to dribble paper balls or jingly toys across a room. * Most blind cats accept and adjust to their disability. * can lead happy lives if the household is adapted to their needs. * compensate for their disability by using their whiskers to detect obstacles. * relay on scent, memory and spatial orientation to navigate. * rely on scent and memory to find their way around - touch, scent, sound and memory to find their way around Boy cat * are very hard to live with. * spray their urine in order to notify nearby females they are indeed ready to mate. Burmese cat * carry surprising weight for their size. * have amazing, huge, provocative eyes. Calico cat * are almost always female - similar, but also have patches of white, which is encoded by another gene * can have patches of white, black, and tabby red. * domestic animal Cats cat * CATS Cats can be a bit more complicated than dogs. * Cats Cats are extremely hard to detect when they start their heat cycle - fast-moving, carnivorous mammals - generally less dangerous than dogs, simply because of their size - some of the most beautiful creatures on earth - the most numerous pet in North America	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Cougar * Most cougars attack domestic animals - drag prey - drink water * Most cougars eat animals - deer - herbivores - meat - exist in density - feed on prey - follow deer - grasp necks * Most cougars have blue eyes - kittens * Most cougars have large home ranges - organs - toes * Most cougars inhabit areas - common areas - geographic areas - terrains * Most cougars kill bighorn sheep * Most cougars live in regions - over years - prefer to avoid human beings * Most cougars prey on cattle - domestic cattle - pursue prey * Most cougars reach maturity - sexual maturity * Most cougars resemble cats - domestic cats - sink teeth * Some cougars adapt to environments. * Some cougars are killed by hunters - solid black - attack humans - become mothers - bring down deer - die from diseases - follow populations * Some cougars have digits - natural enemies - tolerance * Some cougars kill coyotes - keepers - wolves - live in areas * Some cougars prey on deer - livestock - remain in vicinities - result in death * Some cougars use heavy tails * also find pet dogs easy prey. * also have similar body types to house cats, only on a larger scale - very long tails, which make up a third to half of their total body length - purr when together - seem to share the domestic cat's attraction to catnip - take advantage of steep canyons and rock outcroppings to remain hidden - use body language to communicate * are North America's largest unspotted cat and are second only in size to the jaguar. * are a popular breed in the pet trade and completely over-represented - retreating animal and very wary of people - able to breed when they are two or three years old * are also a problem in California, where two people have been killed in the past few years - powerful predators * are an endangered species due to loss of habitat and over-hunting by man - beautiful animals - born with spots for better camouflage,later their fur changes to a solid color - carnivores because they eat only meat - carnivores, as are all cats - consumers - exclusively solitary with exception of brief mating periods, or when female has kittens - extremely elusive and usually avoid direct contact with people - felines - formidable and stealthy hunters - large, muscular cats - located in forests - loners-except during breeding or when mothers are accompanied by their kittens - magnificent animals - mammals and the young drink their mother's milk - masters at camouflage and avoid contact with humans as much as possible * are most active at dusk and dawn - from dusk to dawn, although they sometimes travel and hunt during the day - natives of North America and are highly adaptable - often divorced, sometimes with cubs and financially independent - powerful, agile and unhesitating - primarily nocturnal although they can be active during the day - secondary consumers - semi-protected animals under Oregon law - shy, secretive cats and typically avoid contact with people - skilled night hunters with excellent eyesight and superb hearing * are solitary and territorial animals by nature - animals and avoid contact with humans if possible - animals, and come together only for mating - hunters who face competition for their kills from other large mammals * are solitary, nocturnal animals, coming together only to mate or when females have young - territorial hunters - still fairly abundant in some of the sparsely populated western states - tan to brown - territorial and maintain their own home ranges - the cats most people dispose of as pets when they reach a year * are the largest carnivore in the north coast redwood parks - members of the cat family in North America * are the largest purring cat in North America - most active from dusk until dawn, when they hunt for food - natural predators of the mule deer - only large cat that actually purrs * are the second largest cat in North America - cats in the Americas behind the jaguar * are very plentiful but camouflage well with the surrounding terrain - rare, but can be present - secretive animals, and sightings are a rarity - weapons - well adapted to life in uneven terrain - wildcats * attack animals * born in captivity do very well. * can be rough on house pets, and they frequently target joggers - breed year-round, but breeding is more common in winter and early spring - live wherever their main prey, deer, are present - occoupy a variety of habitats from coastal swamps to mountain slopes - occupy a variety of habitats from coastal swamps to mountain slopes - see better at night than people can * do kill mule deer - make a very distinguishable noise, much different from a roar - purr and yowl * eat about one deer every one to two weeks * exhibit behavior. * generally cover their droppings with loose soil. * have a distinct home range that they protect and mark off regularly with urine - keen sense of smell and can easily follow scent trails - thick tail with a black tip * have an eclectic diet, generally eating what they encounter, when they encounter it - extensive geographic range in North America - classifications - five toes on the forepaws and four on the hind paws * have four different names - toes with three distinct lobes present at the base of the pad * have large home ranges, where they prey upon rather large animals - long, slender bodies and small, broad, round heads - low slung bodies with long necks and small heads and big, long tails - many inherited traits they have adapted in order to survive in their environment - no natural predators - one to five cubs at a time about two years apart - slender bodies, long legs, and small heads with short ears - some ability to self-regulate their population - their own territory or private hunting area, called a home range * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pads - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles * instinctively attack running prey. * kill about a deer a week * live along the westcoast of the United States, including California and New Mexico - from Canada to the southern tip of Central America - the mountains and forests far from people * look like cats. * make a variety of sounds such as chirps, growls, purrs, and hisses - their dens in rocky ledges, dense thickets and under uprooted trees * mark boundaries - territory boundaries * mate in late winter. * occur throughout Washington where suitable cover and prey are found. * often remain in the area of a kill for several days - show curiosity toward human activities without behaving aggressively - sound like a woman screaming in pain - store uneaten food in caches, covered with dirt, to be eaten later * play an important role in maintaining ecosystem health in Utah. * pose threats. * prefer regions - smaller prey - their own company except during mating season when they have cubs * primarily prey on deer. * range from northwestern Canada to Patagonia, South America - rocky mountains to scrubby deserts, wherever prey can be found * receive sound through their ears. * rely on short bursts of speed to ambush their prey. * roam widely in search of prey. * search for territory. * stalk animals. * stalk their prey and then ambush it by leaping from the ground or from a tree * successfully maneuver in alpine habitats and even attack adults. * take advantage of steep canyons and rocks for protection and food. * tend to grow larger the further they live from the equator. * turn up in backyards, kill house pets, and stalk people. * typically hunt between dusk and dawn. * usually live to be eleven years old. * vary considerably in size and weight throughout their range. + Puma: Felines :: Mammals of North America * Cougars are carnivores because they eat only meat. They hunt deer, raccoons, squirrels, foxes, rabbits and skunks. They can also eat mice, beavers, coyotes, birds and porcupines. They hunt at night. Cougars can see better at night than people can. They can hear well too. * Cougars are carnivores because they eat only meat. They hunt deer, raccoons, squirrels, foxes, rabbits and skunks. They can also eat mice, beavers, coyotes, birds and porcupines. They hunt at night. Cougars can see better at night than people can. They can hear well too. Cougars stalk their prey. That is, they walk slowly and quietly, they hide and then when close, they jump or run fast to catch their prey. They live and hunt alone. Female cougars take care of their babies until they are old enough to fend for themselves. * They hunt deer, raccoons, squirrels, foxes, rabbits and skunks. They can also eat mice, beavers, coyotes, birds and porcupines. They hunt at night. Cougars can see better at night than people can. They can hear well too. Cougars stalk their prey. That is, they walk slowly and quietly, they hide and then when close, they jump or run fast to catch their prey. They live and hunt alone. Female cougars take care of their babies until they are old enough to fend for themselves. Baby cougars are called cubs. * Cougars live in the mountains and forests far from people. However, encounters with humans do happen sometimes. Cougars have been known to attack humans. 26 people have been killed by cougars in North America in the last 30 years. However, what cougars have done to people is nothing compared to what people have done to cougars. Cougars used to be found all over eastern North America.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Diabetic cat * Some diabetic cats benefit from special diets rich in fiber. * have sugar in their urine. Different cat * have different preferences for litter substrates. * react differently to the same stimulus. Dog cat * Some dog cats eat animals - dead animals * may have infection.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Domestic cat * Most domestic cats are fed commercial pet food diets by their owners. * Most domestic cats can do damage - enormous damage * Most domestic cats have color vision - energy * Most domestic cats have poor color vision * Most domestic cats kill birds - many birds - produce milk * Most domestic cats reach ages - reproductive ages * Some domestic cats have chromosome pairs - reach puberty * are a serious threat to our wild bird populations killing millions annually - abundant, and their numbers are growing - an oddity in the animal kingdom - descendants of the wild cats of Africa and southwestern Asia - domestic animals - essentially loners * are found all over the world, sometimes in the wild but mostly as pets - in shorthair and longhair breeds - numerous, efficient, non-native predators who contribute to the decline - opportunistic predators, the ultimate generalists - serious predators of birds in residential areas - the most dangerous predators of wild birds - their main predators - too lazy to hunt * can be any of eighty different colors and patterns - particularly deadly to bird populations when released on islands - live a full life without teeth * comprise just one of almost forty different species of cats. * eat many of the same animals that native predators do. * exhibit a rich variety of coat patterns and colors. * have a high reproductive potential - four rows of whiskers on their muzzle - strides * kill many birds - thousands of small mammals and birds every year * live in habitats as varied as city apartments, oceanic islands, and barnyards - longer if they stay indoors and are well looked after * prey on rats. * remain largely carnivorous, and have evolved a simple gut appropriate for raw meat. * represent a major threat to wildlife in urban, suburban, and even rural areas. * resemble cats. * retain a strong predator instinct. * select food. Exotic cat * Most exotic cats keep as pets. * are born with limited body reserves and stamina.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Felidae cat * are well known for their grooming , which they usually do by licking themselves. + Personal grooming, In animals: Hygiene :: Ethology * Animals usually clean their fur, feathers or other skin coverings. This is also a form of hygiene. Taking out other objects such as insects, leaves, dirt or twigs, are all forms of grooming. Among animals, birds spend a lot of time preening their feathers. They do this to remove ectoparasites, keep them in good condition, and waterproof them. Felidae cats are well known for their grooming, which they usually do by licking themselves. One of the reasons this is done is to remove all the scent on them so that they will not attract any predators. Cats groom so much that they often produce hairballs from the fur they accidentally swallow.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Female cat * Most female cats have discharge - vaginal discharge - years - yellow vaginal discharge * Most female cats produce milk - secretion - watery secretion - weigh pounds * are generally smaller than male cats - induced ovulators - seasonally polyestrous * become sexually mature between seven and twelve months of age. * can be just as territorial as males - breed before they are one year old - go into heat for the first time as early as five months of age - start having kittens at the same age, but can have more litters per year - whelp three or four times per year if made pregnant * can, and often do, become pregnant while still nursing a litter of kittens. * choose nests that are dark. * come into heat cycles every three to four weeks during certain times of the year * have two X's in each cell - X-chromosomes * inherit an X chromosome from the mother and from the father.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Feral cat * Feral Cats are the wild offspring of unaltered domestic cats. * Many feral cats are too wild to make good pets and face death as a result. * Most feral cats have small home ranges , although some are more transient and travel long distances - live within colonies created in part by the urge to breed * are a leading cause of bird and mammal extinctions on islands all over the world - very minor player in the rabies chain in America - almost impossible to socialize unless captured as small kittens - also a problem, as they find shearwater chicks easy prey * are domestic cats living wild, and descendants thereof - that have somehow found their way back into the wild - estimated to eat tens of millions of native animals each night in Australia - extremely efficient at preying on small birds and mammals - most active between dusk and dawn - often much larger than domestic ones - pests in both rural and urban areas - probably the only potentially significant predators of full-grown birds - robust and healthy animals - scavengers, and many rely on garbage and hand-outs from people - social animals and consequently colony cats develop strong bonds with one another - street-smart kitties that grow up in back alleys, city parks and behind supermarkets - the offspring of stray or abandoned household pets - un-owned, free roaming cats that avoid contact with humans - unowned wild cats, often offspring of abandoned, unfixed domesticated cats - unsocialized, unowned free-roaming cats - what humans call wild, strays, and so on - wild animals and are adapted to the wild environment * breed frequently, adding to an already overwhelming pet overpopulation problem. * can be effective hunters of small animals - inflict some serious damage - keep rats in check, too - kill native birds - pose a threat to younger animals as well - survive almost anywhere, and are found all over the world * compete for food with native wildlife such as weasels, owls, hawks, and snakes. * congregate in stairwells in cities and leave objectionable odor. * do have harder and shorter lives than our pets - live in our area * eat predominantly birds, rodents, and small mammals - tens of millions of native animals in Australia every night * have a life cycle largely independent of the domestic cat population - right to life - difficult lives, often dying young - the right to survive - voracious appetites * kill birds - many song birds - the majority of birds * lead meager lives shortened by malnutrition, disease, trauma, and high kitten mortality. * live in groups called colonies - on all continents except for Antarctica * pose very little threat to bird populations. * prefer live prey but do occasionally scavenge carrion or human food scraps. * represent one of many threats to the survival of the northern hairy-nosed wombat. * spread diseases to humans. * succumb to predators, humans, dogs and other cats, and to disease and motor vehicles. * tend to bond to one person, and proper introduction to a new home is essential - find areas where food is available such as around dumpsters * use the minimum energy to obtain food. + Feral organism, Examples of feral animals: Animals :: Plants * The cat can easily become feral. Feral cats are pests in both rural and urban areas. They have seriously damaged bird, reptile and mammal populations. As feral cats breed quickly, it is difficult to control their populations. In rural areas, feral cats are often shot. Geriatric cat * are in the stage of life in which the aging process is affecting every organ. * develop problems associated with aging. Healthy cat * Most healthy cats pass well-formed stools once or twice a day. * have clear, bright eyes, pink gums, a clean nose and ears, and a smooth, shiny coat.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Individual cat * have different levels of tolerance to an unclean litter box. * respond to touch in varying ways.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Indoor cat * Many indoor cats enjoy vicarious outdoor living by viewing feline videos. * Most indoor cats bury their waste, possibly to display subordination to their humans. * are also at risk for heartworm disease - at low risk for developing FeLV infection - much safer and tend to live longer, healthier lives - safe from predation by wild animals * can live up to seven times longer than an outdoor cat. * get the disease from raw or undercooked meat. * have far fewer medical problems than cats that are free to roam about - longer life spans * live much safer, healthier lives - three times as long as outdoor cats<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| mammal \| feline \| cat: Infected cat * Most infected cats show no symptoms of the disease. * are often asymptomatic and can remain healthy for several years - unable to resist other diseases and ma y die from associated infections * can have gassy, malodorous diarrhea, or no clinical signs at all - stagger and act depressed and apathetic before recovering on their own * scratches can cause lymph node enlargement, fever, fatigue, sore throat and headaches. * shed coronavirus in their saliva and feces. * tend to have excess mucus in the feces. * transmit Toxoplasmosis in their feces. Jaguarundi * Most jaguarundis have ears. * Some jaguarundis are killed by farmers. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - pads - paws - piluses - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles Juvenile cat * are known as kittens or kitty cats. * do better when fed many times during the day. Little cat * are white and black soft. * make good pets.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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