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### animal \| larva: Young larvae * Many young larvae die, but mortality among older larvae is very low. * Some young larvae gain weight. * molt or shed their skins three times, increasing in size at each molt. * move like loopers, arching their body into a loop as they crawl. Little animal * Some little animals are quite comfortable sharing their home with other, bigger animals. * are more abundant than big flashy things such as fish and crayfish. Lower animal * have smoother brains, apparently for evolutionary reasons. * live according to the rule of survival of the fittest.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Male * All males are at risk of testicular cancer, regardless of age - capable of multiple orgasms * Every male is born with a covering over the sensitive end of the penis. * Many males also go through courting rituals to attract females - use artificial lubricants to facilitate masturbation - are uncomfortable with narrow gender roles and their peer's abusive behavior - die annually from injuries incurred while fighting during breeding seasons - live solitary lives or enter a group when mature * More males use drugs than females, but the gap between the two has become smaller. * Most males die early in the spring after being driven from the nests - get erections * Most males have an XY chromosome structure - erections periodically throughout the night - molt during the summer and fall months, but the time can vary greatly by year and area - provide parental care because they are simultaneously holding a territory - reach sexually maturity by the time they are three or four * Some males also use silk to tie up the females as part of a courtship ritual - are able to orgasm with prostate stimulation alone - become solitary after they have reached adulthood - can be aggressive with other male dogs in the household - engage despotic sexuality * Some males mate with any female they encounter - more than one female in a breeding season - never mature sexually, even though they develop mature plumage * also adjust their ejaculates in response to sperm competition in terms of quality - compete rather intensely, however, especially in developed social hierarchies - contain an aedeagus , a sperm-transferring organ * also have estrogen, naturally, just as females produce testosterone - same-sex relations, typically with multiple partners of the same age - scent glands on their chests, just above the collarbone and close to the armpit - use body movements to communicate interest to potential mates * appear to mark with urine, and both males and females mark by rubbing their necks on trees - mate once and die, while females have been shown to mate more than once * are able to ejaculate the semen, which contains the sperm - roar when they are about one year old, and females can roar a few months later - aggressive when it comes to protecting their territory and vying for females - almost always the perpetrators of sexual abuse in the United States - also creatures with only one X-chromosome * are at higher risk for developing high blood pressure at an earlier age than females - least four times more likely to die from suicide than females - dominant over females, and young animals tend to be dominant over older animals - far more likely to engage in physical aggression than females - four times more likely to commit suicide than females - genders - highly competitive over females and large bears often drive smaller ones away - known to mate often, but it is possible some go through life without mating at all - less prone to cancer, but neutering helps with litter training, aggression, and stress - more likely to die from cancer than females * are more likely to have coronary heart disease than females, whether younger or older - heart disease than women, whether younger or older - murder women than to murder other men - never carriers but express the one allele on the X chromosome - people - prone to the disease at a much earlier age than women - protective of their offspring, keeping a watch for other males and predators - responsible for most bites, and probably all deaths, in humans * are the dominant sex in chimpanzees, whereas bonobo females have no truck with male machismo - only butterfly to have a frenulum - thought to be dominant over females because they are larger in mass and length * begin having erections in the womb, during the fetal stage. * can accelerate puberty in prepubescent females. * can also get breast cancer - use particular behaviours or structures to manipulate how females use sperm - be proportionately larger than females, and have male characteristics such as jowls * can be very competitive when it comes to getting the attention of females - dangerous if wounded or hunted and have been known to kill humans and leopard - victims of rape - easily father kittens from as young as five months, to over ten years - get seriously injured and carry scars for the rest of their lives - have erections while still in the uterus, and some boys are born with an erection - live in cages with one square foot of floor space all their lives - protect their testicles by wearing athletic cups during sports - reproduce each year, and females reproduce on average only once every four years * carry a higher percentage of water than females, because male bodies have more muscle - than females, because males bodies are more muscle * compete for the attention of females by displaying physical characteristics or behaviors. * contain an x chromosome and a y chromosome, whereas women contain two x chromosomes. * describe their phones as status symbols and symbols of belonging. * develop blindness at an early age - their own distinct brain circuitry only after being bathed with testosterone * exist merely so that females can reproduce themselves. * experience testicular shrinkage, breast development, and decreased sperm count. * fight for access to mates, both through scent marking and actual physical contact - females and dominance is usually due to size, fighting ability, and temperament * first spin a small 'sperm web', in which they put a small amount of semen on. * form a distinct social hierarchy with high levels of both competition and association. * generally have a two-pronged penis, which corresponds to the females' two vaginae - live longer than female bats * get esophageal cancers more frequently than females. * give off sperm cells and females give off egg cells. * grow faster because much of a female's energy goes into egg production. * have a dominance hierarchy based on size - which is maintained by aggression * have a higher mortality rate than females at all ages - muscle content in their body weight - large penis, large testicles, and ejaculate lots of sperm - linear dominance hierarchy based on age and size - penis like organ called a phallodeum which is the extruding part of the cloaca - penis, scrotum, and testicles - consistently higher mortality rates at all ages compared with females - enlargement of the testes and penis, and facial and other body hair begins to grow - higher mortality from all leading causes of death - larger home ranges than females, and they travel greater distances on a daily basis - manes and all lions have a tuft of fur at the end of their tail - many more traits that function only in courtship or male-male competition - more testosterone in their circulation than females and men are more aggressive - no reproductive organ, so reproduction occurs by the pair rubbing their cloacas together - only one X chromosome which is inherited from the mother at conception - red-green defects if they inherit a defective gene from their mother - the highest rates of suicide, with suicide being the top cause of death in young men * have two copulatory organs called hemipenes, one on each side of the base of the tail - reproductive organs called hemipenes * inherit their X chromosome from their mothers. * is an animal * lose body weight over the course of the breeding season as they defend their harems. * mature sexually as soon as two years of age. * never leave the water once they enter it, unlike females, which nest on land. * normally disperse once they grow large enough to compete with dominant males - have lower voices than females because males usually have longer vocal cord * often can increase their reproductive success by extra-pair copulations - defend their homes and compete over females by kicking, clawing, and chasing each other - have to fight with each other in order to earn the right to mate with a given female - kill the babies of rivals to increase the availability of females to mate again * only have one X chromosome and hence have only one allele for each X-linked gene - chromosome, which they inherit from their mother * organize their relationships along a dominance hierarchy. * possess only one copy of the X chromosome, which is inherited from their mother - seminal vesicles, and large paraxial organs produce the spermatophore * primarily use their canines to fight others, but antlers can also be used. * produce sperm cells, and females produce egg cells. * reach sexual maturity at the age of one year. * receive their X chromosome only from their mothers. * require more iron because the buildup of muscle mass is accompanied by greater blood volume. * see the world as a hierarchy of power. * serve only one function, to fertilize the queen during swarming. * sometimes care for orphaned siblings, even if the care-giving male is fully mature. * turn images into action, and women turn their fantasies into motives for love. * typically live for ten years in the wild, and females for up to seventeen years. * use body movements to visually communicate the boundaries of their territory to other fish - deadly weapons for sport, for war, for personal gain far more frequently than do females - their organ to rub females and improve their sperm's chance of success * usually extend their territories in order to attract as much females as they can - reach sexual maturity at a younger age and a smaller size than females * vary more in their reproductive success than females. + American Robin, Subspecies: Thrushes * It is the about the same size as or a little larger than main subspecies. It is lighter and is much more of a brownish-gray color. It has very little white on the tip of the outer tail feathers. Some 'T. m. propinquus' birds do not have any orange-red on the breast. This is probably more common in females. Males are usually darker. They may show light or whitish sides to the head. + Ant, Development and reproduction, Mating, The nuptial flight: * Most ants produce a new generation each year. During the species specific breeding period, new reproductives, winged males and females leave the colony in what is called a 'nuptial flight'. Typically, the males take flight before the females. Males then use visual cues to find a common mating ground, for example, a landmark such as a pine tree to which other males in the area converge. Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow. Females of some species mate with just one male, but in some others they may mate with anywhere from one to ten or more different males. Mated females then seek a suitable place to begin a colony. There, they break off their wings and begin to lay and care for eggs. The females store the sperm they obtain during their nuptial flight to selectively fertilise future eggs. + Arctic, Animal life * They are excellent swimmers, and the coldest water does not bother them. They just jump into any leads that open in the pack ice and swim across. They are quiet enough to sneak up on a sleeping seal and strong enough to kill it with one blow. They have a very strong sense of smell, which they use to find prey out on the ice. Polar bears live most of their lives out on the pack ice. Males go to the land only when the ice is gone. The females, however, will dig themselves into a den of snow on land for the winter. There, the mother bears have their cubs, usually twins. Bears usually eat fish, birds' eggs, seaweed, and dead whales, but they would rather have a meal of seal or walrus. The Arctic fox will often trail the bears onto the ice to eat their leftover food. The fox also eats rabbits, lemmings, and voles. + Barbary lion, Looks and behavior: Panthera :: Mammals of Africa * The Barbary lion is the biggest and heaviest kind of lion. Males weigh about , and females weigh about. Male lions were about long and females were about long. Some scientists think that these sizes and weights are too large. These scientists think that the Barbary lion is probably the size of the lions found in East Africa. + Bearded seal, Reproduction and Lifecycle: Pinnipeds :: Mammals of Great Britain * Just before the pups are weaned, a new mating cycle takes place. Females ovulate at the end of their lactation period, but stay close to their pups, ready to defend them if necessary. This sound may attract females, or may be used by the males to say what territory is theirs or their readiness for breeding. Males live in the same areas from one year to the next. + Betta splendens, Appearance: Perciformes * Males have a tendency to have longer caudual fins. They come in many colors. + Bullfrog, Adults: Frogs :: Symbols of Oklahoma * Bullfrogs are either brown or green. They also have darker spots on their back. Bullfrogs have webbed feet for swimming. They can leap up to. Male bullfrogs can be heard roaring when mating with a female. Males also have bigger tympanic membranes which cover their ears. Bullfrogs have brown or gold eyes. They also have broad flat heads and bodies. The mouth of a bullfrog are small and have tiny teeth inside. + Caenorhabditis elegans: Nematodes :: Model organisms * A hermaphrodite makes sperms when its in a larval stage and makes ova in an adult stage. A male can only make sperm. Males are a little smaller than hermaphrodites. + Delphinus, Description: Cetaceans * Males are longer and heavier than females. They are dark grey on the back, the belly is white, and the sides are light grey, gold, or yellow in color. + Four-horned Antelope, Appearance: Bovines * Four-horned antelopes are about 0.60 meters high, and they weigh about 20 kilograms. They have a light yellowish-brown fur with a white underside. They have a black stripe down their forelegs. Males have four horns. The back horns are about 10 centimeters long, and the front horns are up to 4 centimeters long. + Giant panda, Appearance: Ursidaes * Giant pandas are about the size of an American black bear. They are about tall at the shoulder when they are standing on all four legs. They are about long. Males weigh up to in the wild. Females usually weigh less than. + Giraffe, More Facts: Even-toed ungulates * Giraffes are the tallest animals on Earth. They have long legs and long necks. There are 7 bones in their necks, the same as ours, but much bigger. Males can grow to nearly five and a half metres tall, and females to nearly five metres tall. + Hominidae * Males are larger than females. Hominids are primates with no tails, robust bodies and well-developed forearms. All digits have flattened nails. + Humpback whale, Whale song * The male whale is known to sing for up to 22 hours at a time. Because whales do not have vocal chords, they make songs by forcing air through their nasal passages. Every male has a different song. We don't yet know why they sing, it might be to call a female or scare away other males. The songs are made up of a pattern of low notes repeated over a period of hours or days. The whales slowly change their songs over a period of years. + Jackson's Chameleon, Characteristics, Males: Chameleons * Males are easily recognized, they have two horns above their eyes and one horn on their nose. If males are kept together in a cage, they get stressed, and eventually die. But they have been know to live together, it all depends on the chams themselves. + Lemur, Feeding Habits and Life * Lemurs mostly eat fruit, leaves, and other plant parts. They live in family groups of 5 to 42 members which is called a troop. Females are dominant and remain in the same troop for life. Males move between troops. The female's gestation period lasts four to five months, and they usually have between one and two babies. Lemur mothers nurse their babies until they are about four months old. Then they begin to feed the babies solid food such as fruit. Lemurs spend most of their time in the trees. Some are fantastic leapers, flinging themselves from tree to tree. + Line of succession to the British throne: British monarchy * The succession is decided firstly by gender and then by age. Males come before females, and older children come before younger children. When someone who is in line to the throne has a child, that child comes after them and their other children, but before anyone else in the line of succession. + Lyrebird, Mating system, Breeding: Passeri :: Birds of Australia * The breeding cycle of the lyrebirds is long, and lyrebirds are long-lived birds. They can live up to thirty years. They also start breeding later in life than other passerine birds. Female Superb Lyrebirds start breeding at the age of five or six, and males at the age of six to eight. Males defend territories from other males. Tthese territories may contain the breeding places of up to eight females. In a male's territory, he makes or uses display platforms. + Mandrill * The skin colours brighten as the animal gets more excited. Males live mostly on the forest floor, while females and young climb up into trees and bushes. + Markhor: Caprids :: National symbols of Pakistan :: Mammals of Pakistan :: Plants and animals of Kashmir * Markhor are 65 to 115 centimetres tall at the shoulder. They usually weigh from 40 to 110 kilograms. Females are a tan colour with a white underbelly and a pattern of black and white on the legs. Males are a lighter tan colour with the same white underbelly and pattern on the legs. Males also have a black face and lots of long white fur on their neck and chest which can grow down to their knees. * Markhor often stand on their back legs to reach the top leaves of trees. Males usually live alone. + Meerkat, How meerkats act: Feliformia * Despite the family bond of meerkats, sometimes a female might kill another female's pups. The leader might also kick out some females from the group. Males sometimes leave the group for a short time to look for females in other groups to mate with. + Minke whale, Description: Baleen whales * The minke whales are the second smallest baleen whale. Only the pygmy right whale is smaller. Males measure an average of and females in length. They become adults after 6 to 8 years. + Octopus, Reproduction and death: Cephalopods * When octopods reproduce, males use a specialized arm to put packets of sperm into the female's mantle cavity. Males die within a few months of mating. In some species, the female octopus can keep the sperm alive inside her for weeks until her eggs are mature. + Old World monkey: Monkeys * Males leave the group on reaching adolescence, and find a new troop to join. In many species, only a single adult male lives with each group, driving off all rivals, but others are more tolerant, establishing relationships between dominant and subordinate males. Group sizes are highly variable, even within species, depending on the availability of food and other resources. + Parides alopius, Description * The upper side of the wings is black. The first row is white. The second row is pink. Males have fewer white spots than females. The underside of the wings is similar to the upper side. The row of pink spots on the underside are more noticeable than the pink spots on the upper side. + Parthenogenesis: Methods of reproduction :: Insects * These female aphids may or may not have wings. Males only appear in any number at the close of the season. Females then give birth sexually during autumn, laying eggs. Therefore aphids are said to undergo cyclical parthenogenesis. + Phengodidae: Beetles * They feed on millipedes and other animals they find in the soil and litter. Males are winged. They are attracted to lights at night. They are probably short-lived and do not feed at all. In some species, adult males can also produce light. Females have organs that produce a green or yellow light on their trunks. + Prostate: Anatomy of the male reproductive system :: Glands * The prostate is often referred to as the male g-spot, which is a spot inside the female vagina that causes intense pleasure when it is stimulated. The prostate can be massaged by using a finger or during anal sex. Some males are able to orgasm with prostate stimulation alone. + Red Kangaroo, Description: Macropods :: Marsupials of Australia * Males grow up to tall and weigh up to. Females are tall and weigh up to. The tails is about long. There are often reports of larger Red Kangaroos, with some males reaching about tall - billed Quelea: Passeriformes * Nests are built by the males and take about seven days to complete. Males defend the nest while building it and become very angry when something gets too close. After it is complete, females lay 3 to 7 eggs. Eggs hatch in about two weeks. Males continue to defend the nest after the eggs hatch + Stoat: Mustelids * Males are bigger than females. Stoats are also called ermines. They can grow to be as long as 30 centimeters. They eat other small animals and bird eggs, and can kill animals bigger than themselves. They can also store food for later. They kill by biting the neck of their prey at the place where the skull attaches to the rest of the body, cutting the brain stem. + Texas coral snake, Description: Elapidae * The Texas coral snake has a pattern of black,yellow, and red stripes on its skin. Males are smaller than females. They have smooth scales, a round head, and eyes with round pupils. + Tiger Salamander, Description * Tiger salamanders almost always stay on land as adults, and usually only return to the water to lay eggs. But also they live in both land and water. They also like to swim, even if they are on land. They also are good swimmers. Like all ambystomatids, they are extremely loyal to their birthplace, and will travel long distances to go back. Males bump a female to initiate mating, and then deposit a spermatophore on the lake bottom. The female picks up the packet and deposits the now-fertilized eggs on vegetation. Large-scale captive breeding of Tiger salamanders has not been accomplished, for unknown reasons. + Urial: Mammals of Asia :: Bovids * It has reddish-brown long fur that fades during winter. Males have a black ruff stretching from the neck to the chest and large horns. It is found in western central Asia. The two groups have often been considered separate species. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. + Western diamondback rattlesnake, Description: Vipers * Males are much larger than females, but they become larger when they mature. It is then covered with dark gray-brown blotches and white stripes. + White-headed capuchin, Behavior, Social structure: Monkeys :: Mammals of America * Female capuchins have linear dominance hierarchies. Males are typically dominant to females. The alpha male is always easy to discern, but there are sometimes ambiguous rankings among subordinate males. Males cooperate in coalitions against potential predators, and also in defense of the group against other males. Male emigration to a new troop typically occurs about every 4 years, so most males are in constant danger of having to defend themselves against other groups of males.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| male: Adult male * Many adult males die in war - live in a primate troop * Most adult males have red eyes, and all females have brown or yellow eyes - live alone in large territories marked by dung * are able to mate at any time - more vagile than females and young, and they often move among groups of females - much larger than adult females so large animals are most always males - smaller than females such that they reach their terminal sizes at younger ages - the crux of a social group - tiny, flying, gnat-like insects that fly to new females for mating * communicate with each other over long distances using a vocalization called a long call. * defend their territory to ensure the paternity of their offspring. * feed on nectar, while females exhibit anautogeny and feed on blood before laying eggs. * fight when in the presence of a female in estrus. * have testicles, and adult females have V-shaped vaginal openings. * is an adult * kill infants. * leave their dens first while mothers with cubs are the last to leave their dens. * live alone joining family units only to mate - apart from females, but also in colonies * maintain relatively constant, low levels of plasma testosterone throughout their lives - terrestrial and aquatic territories in breeding season * play a role in rearing and defending the young. * pronghorn have a large, black gland on their jaw below the eye. * segregate from females and subadults during nonbreeding seasons. * spend more time on the ground than any of the other ages or sexes - most of their time on the ground because of their weight * talk and act aggressively and often violently. * tend to be more sociable when it comes to sharing an area with others of the same sex. + Crotalus, Description: Vipers * Adult males are slightly larger than females. Compared to most snakes they are heavy-bodied, although some African vipers are much thicker. + Giraffe, Life: Even-toed ungulates * Giraffes live alone or in loose groups. Young male giraffes form small groups until they become mature. Adult males live alone. When the female is close to giving birth, it leaves the group for a time to give birth to its offspring, and comes back 2-3 weeks after her baby is born. + Hooded seal, Size: Pinnipeds :: Megafauna :: Mammals of Great Britain * Adult males are long on average, and weigh. The head is darker than the rest of the body, and without marks. Black male * are also more likely to die from prostate cancer than are white men - of prostate cancer than white males - more likely to develop prostate cancer than white males * have a higher risk at all ages - higher rates of employment and lower rates of being on welfare than white males - significantly higher incidence and mortality compared to white males<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| male: Dominant male * are sometimes aggressive towards other adult males as well as towards juvenile males. * defend territories from which they exclude other males - their harems against other males * have a lot of influence over what lower males do - mating rights to all females in their ranges during the breeding season * mark everything, even in the house, even if their bladders are empty. * mate with multiple females. * tend to be larger as adults, and hierarchies among subordinate males are indistinct. + White-headed capuchin, Reproduction: Monkeys :: Mammals of America * The white-headed Capuchin has a polygamous mating system. The male can mate with many females. The dominant male usually fathers most of the young. The dominant male is more likely to mate when the female is the most fertile. Dominant males avoid breeding with their own daughters who are members of the troop. This is rare among New World monkeys. Gent * are gentlemans. * often wear tartan kilts for weddings and parades.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| male: Human male * All human males produce pheromones through the sweat glands to attract the opposite sex. * are hemizygous for most of the genes on the X chromosome - possessive * begin to produce sperm at puberty. * fall somewhere in between gorillas and chimps. * tend to pursue and seek out females as do most other male mammals.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| male: Large male * Some large males weigh over , so it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. * are successful in competing for mates more often than small males are. * associate with mixed schools during part of the year, presumably for breeding purposes. * can product larger amounts of sperm than their smaller counterparts. * develop gibbosities in the frontal area when breeding. * occupy more breeding territory than small males do. * use their bony heads and five-inch horns to spar with one another. + Lion: Panthera :: Mammals of Africa * Some large males weigh over , so it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. Today, wild lions live in sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia. An endangered remnant population resides in Gir Forest National Park in India Lions are adapted for life in grasslands and mixed areas with trees and grass. The relatively small females are fast runners over short distances, and co-ordinate their hunting of herd animals. Larger male * are famous for their offshore swimming and diving abilities - more likely to mate with females than smaller males * have greater ability to hold territories and presumably greater mating success.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| male: Male child * Most male children have brains. * Some male children have testes. * ren are males. * ren are more likely than females to be poisoned - to die from crib death than females - the recipients of most physical abuse from parents and mothers * ren have a drowning rate two to four times that of female children - higher risk of fire-related death and injury than female children - roughly twice as many aggressive dreams as do female children - inherit larger percentages of an estate than do female children Male liger * are sterile, but female ligers are often fertile. * are, after all, sterile even when their female counterparts are usually fertile. * have a fifty percent chance of growing a mane. Mature male * Most mature males become solitary and spread out in adjoining territories. * are winged insects that search out the immobile females. * grow tusks that are used in social interactions. * have very short life-spans, while mature females can go on for many years. * protect large territories, encompassing the territories of several females. Neutered male * are also less likely to mark territory with their urine. * are less likely to roam, run away, or get into fights - spray smelly urine or fight with other tomcats * can make good pets. * have a lower chance of developing prostate infections - reduced possibility of prostate cancer - no risk of testicular cancer and reduced risk of bladder problems * make great pets and are called wethers. Normal male * carry one Y and one X chromosome. * inherit an X from their mother and a Y from their father.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| male: Older male * are more likely to groom important allies when challenges from young males arise - often solitary or spend their time in small bachelor groups * develop wide cheek pads, a unique feature among primates. * have more breeding success than younger individuals. * sport a beard, which is absent in the younger animals. + Hippopotamus, Description: Even-toed ungulates * Because hippos are so large, it is difficult to weigh them in the wild. Most adult male hippos weigh between. Females hippos are smaller, and usually weigh between. Older males can get even bigger. They are at least and sometimes even weigh.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| male: Polygynous male * are attracted to groups of females that are in estrous. * have bigger testis than monogamous males. * produce fewer offspring than do monogamous males. Teenage male * More teenage males drink alcohol than teenage females. * have higher rates of urethral infection than adults. Territorial male * Some territorial males have as few as one or two females - tolerate adult males on their property as long as they behave submissively * are much more tolerant of other males than the males of other species. * live rather far apart in the wild and remain very static. * mark their territory with dung deposits in extreme crouch defecation. Unneutered male * are also at risk for prostate infections, along with testicular cancer. * have a heightened sense of territoriality. * mark their territory with strong smelling urine. White male * account for nearly three-fourths of all completed suicides. * are six times more likely to commit suicide than are African American females. * are the most common users of smokeless tobacco - only unorganized group in society - twice as likely as blacks to be deaf or hard of hearing * commit suicide at a rate higher than black males and white and black females. * have higher marijuana use than black or Hispanic males. * remain the most privileged group in American society. Winged male * are much smaller than winged queens. * crawl out from beneath their cover and mate with covered females who produce eggs. * mate once before they die.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| male: Young male * More young males die than young females. * Most young males migrate out of their natal group to join other groups. * assist their parents in farming as they work in the fields. * begin to break away from their mothers after they, themselves, reach puberty. * grow faster in terms of mass than young females. * have a little hair around their heads when they are about a year old. * learn to sing by imitating their father's song. * mate with their sisters and mothers. * yearn to leave boyhood behind and to become men. + Sparrowhawk: Falconiformes :: Birds of Europe :: Birds of Asia * More young males die than young females. The average lifespan is four years. Many desert animal * have ears. * prey on birds. Many other animal * chew food. * have similar structures - teeth - tooth structures * include bears. * inhabit regions. * live in rainforests.<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Marine animal * Many marine animals are isotonic with their saltwater environment - feed on plankton - have gills - remain to be discovered - show it with dark dorsal surfaces and lighter ventral surfaces * Most marine animals are generally harmless unless threatened - die at sea, where their bones are buried on the ocean bottom - eat food * Most marine animals have arms - feelings - use sound * Some marine animals absorb nitrogen - attach to the rock and others use it for shelter - can be hazardous to divers - derive from stock - feed on zooplankton - ingest plastic - inhabit oceans - live in sea - possess tentacles - prevent dehydration * Some marine animals resemble sea snails - swim to surfaces - weigh tons * are animals - usually osmoconformers, while freshwater species are generally osmoregulators * can mistake plastic for food and can become entangled in it - plastics for food and can become tangled up in it * continue to be threatened by water pollution and other human impacts. * flourish in artificial, mechanical systems. * include fish. * is an animal * offer diverse systems for comparative and experimental studies.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Marine creature * Most marine creatures eat a variety of foods * Some marine creatures eat phytoplankton - know how to defend themselves with venomous spines, stinging cells or teeth * are responsible for establishing the dynamic equilibrium of the atmosphere. * are the only animals still hunted commercially on a large scale - wild animals still hunted commercially on a large scale * develop different techniques * range from some of the tiniest on earth to the largest ever to exist.<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Mate * Most mates affect productivity - become fathers - give birth to offspring - occur in environments * Most mates produce male offspring * Some mates have years. * Some mates occur during months - seasons - survive winter * are animals - beverages - friends - hollies - officers - software * bring food. * contains numerous vitamins and minerals. * find food. * follow patterns - routes * follow seasonal breed patterns * includes brains - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * is an officer * keep in contact. * occur during periods * perform functions. * say in statements. * sire offspring. * usually breed in ponds when it is raining in the spring. Mature animal * Most mature animals have enemies. * attach to substrates for lengths of time varying between seconds and minutes. * breed once a year in early spring. * require less protein on the basis of percentage of the feed offered than young ones. Metazoan * also have collagen. - multicellular animals with various types of cells organized into tissues and organs * comprise all of what are commonly referred to as animals. * have an amazing ability to increase diversity through coevolution. * is an animal * possess complicated multicellular structure among the multicellularities of eukaryotes. * use diverse and rapidly evolving mechanisms to determine sex. Microscopic animal * Many microscopic animals swim by means of beating cilia. * Some microscopic animals live in estuaries - water - on tops * associated with detritus also cover the surface of mud in the salt marsh. Modern animal * Many modern animals have similar features. * eaten by crocs also have communication systems for danger but still they get eaten.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Mollusc * All molluscs have a complete digestive tract starting with the mouth and ending with anus. * Many molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. * Most molluscs are capable of making pearls when foreign substances enter their shell - dioecious - marine though some inhabit freshwater and some are terrestrial - slow-movers * Most molluscs have a head that nor- mally includes eyes and other sensory organs - well- defined nervous system with a primitive brain - calcareous shells - digestive tracts - eyes, and all have sensors that detect chemicals, vibrations and touch - gills - one pair of gills, or only one gill - separate sexes with gonads located in the visceral mass - structures - true gills, or ctenidia - unique structures * Some molluscs display an unusual cell behavior during cleavage. * Some molluscs excrete acid - amino acid * Some molluscs have a calcareous shell that functions as an exoskeleton - tongue-like structure with rough protrusions similar to small teeth - coeloms - complex, extremely sensitive eyes - cord - feet - kinds - muscular feet - nerve cord - tentacles - survive many years * are a highly diverse group in size, in anatomical structure, in behavior, and in habitat - very diverse phylum of invertebrates - adapted to life on land and in fresh or sea water - an extremely diverse group of organisms - animals so they belong to the animal kingdom - extremely diverse in tropical and temperate regions, but can be found at all latitudes - fundamentally bilaterally symmetrical - important components of the benthic fauna - protostomes, they have spiral cleavage and require separate sexes for reproduction - represented in soil communities by slugs and snails - soft bodied animals but most are protected by a shell that is usually hard - soft-bodied animals, more familiarly known as clams, octopods, and snails - species that live in freshwater and saltwater and are extremely varied in form - the second most valuable group of marine food species after fishes * e.g. snails. * have a circulatory system and most have a two-chambered heart - that transports nutrients and oxygen - mantle that secretes the calcium carbonate that makes up the shell * have a soft body that is protected in many species by a hard shell - unsegmented body which is usually covered by a shell - three-chambered heart - an open circulatory system - only part of the blood flow is contained in vessels - more varied forms than any other animal phylum - one or two pairs of sponge-like nephridia, which are similar to kidneys - the widest range of body forms out of all invertebrates - tissue - very different characteristics one of their specialties is something called a coelom - well-developed sensory structures - carapaces - cells - shellfishes - vacuoles * is an invertebrate * live in the sediments of the pond and on aquatic plants. * possess shells. * provide the third most economically valuable fishery in the United States. * retain shells. * share characteristics - unique characteristics * thrive in sea - shallow sea * use shells. * usually consist of a head, a soft body mass and a muscular foot.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc: Bivalve * All bivalves are aquatic, encompassing both marine and fresh-water species - filter-feeding organisms - mollusks - have the ability to secrete sticky threads known as byssal threads * Have two parts to their shell and include such species as oysters and scallops. * Many bivalves use their large foot to bury into the sediment on the ocean floor. * Most bivalves are filter feeders and burrow into the sediment using their muscular foot - feeders, but some are scavengers or even predators - primary consumers, typically exploiting organic material - sedentary or slow-moving animals - sedentary, living in sand or mud in marine and freshwater environments - sessile benthic filter feeders and can be infaunal or epifaunal - suspension feeders - attach themselves to something or burrow underground - belong to phyla * Most bivalves eat by filtering microscopic plants and animals from the water - plankton and other tiny living things, like algae * Most bivalves have a pair of large gills which are located in their mantle cavity - single pair of large gills used for respiration - well-developed foot that is used for burrowing and creeping - grooves * Most bivalves live in fresh water - soft sediments below the surface - sedentary lives, a characteristic suited to suspension feeding - reproduce by discharging sperm and eggs into the water where fertilization occurs - require water * Most bivalves retain moisture - precious moisture * Most bivalves stay in places - same places - the same place for much of their lives, but others are able to move around * Some bivalves become predators * Some bivalves can rapidly shut their two valves - swim, albeit weakly, when removed from the sediment, as can some file shells - collect food - do however live on, or most often in hard substrata such as clay, rocks and wood - eat prey - go through stages - has-part valves * Some bivalves have aortas - eyes and sensory tentacles along the outer edge of their mantle - larvae - meals - septa - style - symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic organisms, providing extra nutrition * Some bivalves live in beaches - colonies - on their sides - occupy habitats - require food - sit on sides - use gills * also provide good examples of camouflage and mimicry. * are a class of mollusc which have shells consisting of two hinged sides known as valves - mollusk that includes clams, oysters and scallops - group of mollusks that includes clams, mussels, oysters and scallops - adapted to living in a confined space and feeding by straining plankton from the water - animals that live in water - aquatic molluscs which have two-part shells - both marine and freshwater - closely related to limpets, abalone, snails, slugs, squids, and octopuses - common both in the sea and in fresh water today - composed of two shells held together by an elastic ligament * are filter feeders and feed primarily on phytoplankton - microscopic plant life - found in both freshwater and marine environments - hermaphroditic or have separate sexes - hosts to parasites that can cause mortalities, particularly in the adult stage - mollusks with two shells, including clams, oysters, scallops and brachiopods - most abundant in shallow marine waters, where they burrow in soft sediment - organisms particularly vulnerable to climate change and ocean acidification - soft-bodied mollusks that have two shells hinged together by a strong muscle - some of the most important seafood species - thus filter feeders - two shelled aquatic molluscs, bilaterally symmetrical and laterally compressed * are typically epifaunal and infaunal filter feeders - very fast moving - what many people think of when they think of a seashell * can also cause economic damage - inhabit a variety of places depending on the species * cling to sea whips along the deeper sections of the wall. * consist of two shells. * depend upon concealment and the heavy shell to keep predators at bay. * develop methods. * even make their own shells. * feed on tiny bits of food found in the water or sediment. * generally are known as creatures that almost never move - have a large mantle cavity with gills * have a highly muscular organ called the foot, which muscle fibres run in all direction - long history - mouth, heart, intestine, gills, stomach and siphon but have no head, radula or jaws * have a shell composed of more or less equal halves - made of two halves, which are also called valves - simple circulatory system, which is rather difficult to trace - all of the following structures except a. a radula - gills with mucus which trap plankton and other organisms - highly reduced heads and simple nervous and sensory systems - no distinct head, and the radula has been lost - small heads that consist of little more than a mouth * have the ability to select food filtered from the water - simplest nervous systems among mollusks * have two distinct shells joined by a ligament - shell halves that completely enclose the animal * have two shells or valves connected by a hinge - sandwiched together - that are held together by a strong ligament - shells, like a clam or oyster * have two valves and are symmetrical between the valves - connected by a flexible ligament * include clams. * includes brains - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - plasma membranes - skulls * lack a head, radula, and jaws. * lead sedentary lives. - on the sea bed or lake bottom and are sedentary, so the head and foot are reduced * make use of a variety of lifestyles. * need food. * often abound on mudflats. * open their shell to breath,eat, or to move around. * posses a two-valved shell that is an aragonitic concretion and bilaterally symmetrical. * possess a bilateral and relatively simple nervous system. * tend to be filter-feeders. * typically have two similar hinged shells that are each asymmetrical across the midline. * use their foot to move themselves - gills both for filter feeding and for gas exchange + Bivalve, Shell * Bivalves have two shells or valves connected by a hinge. They are made of a calcareous mineral, calcite or aragonite. The valves are covered by a periostracum, which is an organic horny substance. This forms the familiar coloured layer on the shell.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc: Bivalve molluscs * Most bivalve molluscs have tissue. * are broadcast spawners, which means their eggs are fertilized outside their bodies - shellfish with two shells, such as oysters, mussles, clams and cockles - very common	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| bivalve: Clam * Most clams are harvested for food - meat - machine sorted by their smallest dimension - only a few inches long - bury themselves in sediment and communicate to the sediment-water interface by siphons - eat plankton * Most clams excrete anchor filament * Most clams find along coasts - east coasts - west coasts * Most clams have color - development - shapes - size - thin shells - valves * Most clams inhabit coastal water - coral reefs * Most clams live in water - zones - on beaches - over years - make pearl - prefer beaches * Most clams prefer sandy beaches - bottom beaches - require water * Some clams are very long-lived - bury themselves in sand or mud * Some clams can grow pearls as big as golf balls - live for over a century - change over time * Some clams eat algas - microscopic algas - feed on algas - get food * Some clams go through larval stages - several stages - grow to length - harbor algas * Some clams have ability - impact - ligaments - movement - muscles - predators - types - values - live for years * Some clams live in burrows - communities - saltwaters - occur in streams - provide food - reach maturity - swim through water - take up residences - use feet. * A 'clam' type of shellfish. Clams can be found in saltwater and freshwater. Clams eat plankton, and are eaten by small sharks and squid. Clams can be eaten by people. They may be found on menus in restaurants that serve seafood. Clams are a fairly common form of bivalve, therefore making it part of the phylum mollusca. There are many clams in the ocean, but some can also be found in some lakes, streams, and rivers * also are vulnerable to toxins in the sediment - contain high quantities of important dietary nutrients and minerals * always lie quiet. - also low in calories, total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol - animals that burrow under the sea floor - best in well-established aquariums that have had several weeks or months to cycle - bivalves - capable of changing their sex to reproduce - easier to open than oysters * are filter feeders and thus trap and filter out their food as the water passes by - that take in any pollutants from the water - feeders, meaning they feed on plankton strained from the water using their siphon - filter-feeders - found in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific - located in water - mollusks that live in the sea or in freshwater - multicelluer - now the fourth-most valuable seafood species in the state - one of the sources of food that they seem to enjoy the most - part of clams - shellfishs - slow, sluggish animals and the sensory sys- tem required is relatively simple - strictly aquatic creatures and they can come in a whole variety of sizes - subject to concentrations of both natural and man-made toxins * are the best bait for stripers, except for live eels - principal food of the walrus - their preferred diet, though freshwater mussels are equally acceptable - used as a filtrate so they eat the waste product of a fish and some micro organisms - very big in Florida - yummy * attain ages. * burrow into sand. * bury in sediments. * can be nursery reared in the water column in upwellers, trays or other devices - cure cancer - grow pearls, like their classier cousin, the oyster - live for decades - vary in sizes but are typically small in comparison to other animals * come in many colors, including shades of brown, red-brown, yellow, cream, etc - into season and are associated with early spring in Japan * cook on wire grids supported on steel rails over the fire. * develop functional male gonads during the first or second year of life. * don t have teeth. * draw water into their shells through a siphon that they extend through the mud into the water. * feed upon plankton through a double-tubed siphon which operates like a snorkel. * gather food using a filtering system. * harvested in polluted waters can cause hepatitis. * have a burrowing foot that they use to dig down into the sand or mud to hide - bend valves - open circulatory systems * includes brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles - underground, using a muscular foot to dig down into sand or mud * move about by using a hatchet-shaped foot to creep along the muddy bottom of the Bay - vertically along the beach in response to the changing tides * prefer a shell and sand substrate over muddy bottoms * range in color from pale to deep orange. * reproduce by releasing gametes, or eggs and sperm, into the water. * seem to squirt water through their siphons. * survive by getting oxygen and food from the waters of the bay. * undergo a slightly different process. + Clam, Clinging clams: Bivalves :: Seafood * Clams have a burrowing foot that they use to dig down into the sand or mud to hide. If you go to the beach and see little holes that appear in the sand each times the waves go away, it is probable that clams made them. Scientists classify clams by how far down they dig and what kind of surface they dig into. Some burrow less than an inch under the sand, while others dig several inches below the surface.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| bivalve \| clam: Asian clam * Some asian clams have impact. * are considered and invasive species. * can colonize the intake pipes of water treatment systems and power stations. Butter clam * Some butter clams have predators. * have the ability to retain toxin for a very long time - up to a year or more. Geoduck * are clams - one of the longest living animals in the world * have a life cycle similar to that of many clams. * live in holes in the mud. Giant clam * Most giant clams are harvested for meat - have shells - inhabit coral reefs * Some giant clams live in communities. * are also valuable for aquarium markets and for their shells, which have many uses - an intermediate - hermaphrodites, capable of producing sperm and eggs * grow up. * have a symbiotic relationship with algae Hard clam * Most hard clams inhabit coastal water. * Some hard clams have values. * are common in sandy bottoms throughout the Indian River Lagoon - suspension feeding bivalves and feed on diatoms * begin their adult lives as males. * live in shallow coastal bay waters in areas with a sandy, muddy, or rocky bottom - in areas with a soft sandy bottom<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| mollusc \| bivalve \| clam: Razor clam * Most razor clams attain ages. * Most razor clams find along coasts - east coasts * Some razor clams eat algas - microscopic algas - grow to length * Some razor clams have ability - reach maturity - swim through water * accumulate the toxin and retain it in the edible tissue. - filter feeders that draw their food from the surrounding water - found in stable, sandy, surf-swept beaches of the open coast and some coastal bays - important as a food resource and the sport of clam digging is also recreational - plentiful on Northern Oregon beaches * can accumulate large amounts of the toxin. * feed close to the surface and can be caught for food. * have a strong, burrowing foot - two separate genders * live in surf-swept and somewhat protected sand beaches of the open ocean - on sand beaches in low to sub-tidal zones Shipworm * are a type of mollusc that decomposes wood, leaving behind calcium deposits - actually mollusks, related to clams * burrows into wood substrates. * can turn solid wood into a brittle honeycomb. * destroys wooden boats, docks, and piers. * invade new wood as free-swimming larvae. * marine borer with unique adaptation. * then feed on wood particles and minute organisms found in the wood. Marine bivalve * Most marine bivalves belong to phyla. * Some marine bivalves go through stages.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| bivalve: Oyster * All oysters begin life as males and become females after a couple of years - start out life as males due to their small size * Have Eyes. * Many oysters change sex over the course of their lifetime. * More oysters grow on the ones that arrived first. * Most oysters absorb nutrients - appear in sea * Most oysters come from beaches - oceans - consume phytoplankton - depend on beaches * Most oysters eat algas - feed on microorganisms - find on shores * Most oysters grow on bottoms - has-part muscles * Most oysters have nice round shapes - thin shells - keep pearl - live for years * Most oysters live in coasts - make pearl * Most oysters occur in areas - bays - prefer water - provide nutrition - rely on muscles * Most oysters require shells - seek food - spend their first year as a male and in their second year they usually become females - wear shells * Some Oysters exhibit parental care. * Some oysters also flourish on mangrove roots - appear in restaurants * Some oysters are empty and some contain pearls - favored for their large size, as are Blue Points from Long Island, New York - hermaphrodites and theoretically can fertilize their own eggs - located in oceans - well known for their habit of generating pearls - avoid predators - carry bacteria * Some oysters come from coasts - out of water * Some oysters contain irregular pearl - proteins - die in sea - eat particles - elongate shells - exhibit phenomena - feed on plankton - give birth to offspring * Some oysters go through development - to bays * Some oysters grow mouths - on farms - has-part feet * Some oysters have eyes - ingest plants * Some oysters live in intertidal zones - lagoons - up to years * Some oysters occur in environments * Some oysters possess blood - liquids - prefer shells - produce pearl * Some oysters provide filtration - potassium - receive diets - release eggs * Some oysters remove harmful pollutants - respond to irritation - share environments - sit in places - stand in water - survive sedimentation - swim in oceans * Use an oyster server or large tablespoon to serve oysters. * also face a crunch - filter water as they feed, improving water quality for young fish in the shallows * also have a positive effect on water quality as filter feeders - two separate sexes, males and females * are a huge business in France, and are an important part of the country's traditional menus - keystone species, which means they are extremely important to the Bay s ecology - type of shellfish that can be eaten either cooked or raw - valuable source of protein, vitamins and minerals needed for good health - allegedly an aphrodisiac * are also filter-feeders - free from the environmental toxins that sometimes lurk in larger fish - high in calcium, iron, and protein - highly sensitive to changes in water quality - primary consumers which obtain their energy from plants - tops on the long list of foods with aphrodisiac qualities - among the few animals that people of the world still eat alive and raw * are an aphrodisiac - exception and secrete calcite - important part of the ecological community - at their best in the winter months - bio-indicators of an estuary - bivalve molluscs that are cemented to the rock by one of their two shells - broadcast spawners, meaning they release eggs and sperm into the water column - capable of spawning within their first year of life - dependent for their survival on ecosystem health - extremely fertile - filter feeder s * are filter feeders that create pseudofeces which is silt bound by mucus - have the ability to filter and clean large amounts of water - tend to reflect what is in their environment - filter-feeding animals that can filter several liters of seawater daily - found throughout the world - good food - grey, but a very light grey - harvest in both Pacific and Atlantic oceans - helpings * are high in calcium, niacin and iron, as well as a good source of protein - protein and iron and are very low in calories, fat, and cholesterol - zinc and other beneficial minerals - zinc, a necessary building block for testosterone - immobile shellfish - in best condition in winter and early spring - lighter in flavor compared with the meaty quality of shiitake mushrooms - moderately low in sodium * are mollusks that produce pearls, which are, of course, very valuable - with two valves, the bottom one being deeper, heavier and cup-shaped - nature's way of improving water quality - nice and plump right now 'cause they're storing fat for spawning - of great importance to Maryland * are one of the Bay's most important resources and historically supported a major fishery - richest sources of zinc from food - part of birds - prized possessions because they have the ability to form pearls - safer to eat today than ever in history - sea animals that lack a backbone - sequential hermaphrodites - shellfishs - sold either in the shell or shucked * are the lungs of our coastal systems - only seafood tracked so extensively - principal bivalve shellfish harvested commercially in California - richest natural source of zinc - usually a little faster if they become toxic at all * are very big in France - high in zinc - nourishing and easy of digestion - simple creatures - vulnerable to a wide variety of point and non-point source pollutants - water filterers, as they obtain food through the water - well adapted to the tidal changes in estuaries * are, and ever have been, the specialite de la maison. * attach permanently, clams burrow, as do shipworms - themselves to rocks or lie on the sea bottom * become hard because. * breathe much like fish, using both gills and mantle. * can be temperamental when they have been out of their natural habitat for some time - contain several dangerous bacteria and viruses - grow very well in cold water if there is abundant, high-quality plankton - snap their shells closed with lightning speed and with the power of a vise - survive in freshwater for about a week before they start dying * close shells. - in different color varieties such as white, yellow, pink and brown * contain enzymes that have little effect on humans when eaten - zinc and other nutrients that are particularly good for the reproductive system * contaminated with waste can cause cholera and other diseases. * die due to tissue lysis and occlusion of hemolymph vessels. * differ from other bivalves in having a highly irregular shell form. * eat by filtering food from the surrounding water through their gills - filtering, or straining, organisms out of the water * emerge in droves to absorb the pearl-inducing dew. * encounter hypoxic water on a routine basis. * feed by filtering water through their gills. - minute algae and other microorganisms - the algae, essentially cleaning the bay * filter out all the algae and tiny particles that cloud the water. * form a reef community that is important habitat for other benthic species - large reefs that provide habitat for a wide range of plants and animals - pearls in many different shapes, from perfect spheres to long, flat angel wing pearls * grow rapidly and can out-compete most contaminants - in the upwellers, doubling their volume in the course of a day * grown in shrimp-infested ground can sink, smother and die. * hatch as trochophore larvae and then change to veliger larvae. * have gills. - no calendar or clock to coordinate a mating time - separate sexes and gametes are released into the seawater - thick shells in order to resist being bored into * improve water quality, which helps the whole food chain. * includes brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * inhabit areas of fairly constant turbidity and salinity. * lay millions of eggs. - huge reefs in salt marshes - naturally in salt water oceans - on firm surfaces in brackish water * lose moisture once they are removed from the sea. * make pearls from lime slime on a grain of sand - in response to an irritant, such as a grain of sand or another object * naturally grow in estuarine bodies of brackish water. * need food. * often live long enough to reproduce, but many die before reaching market size. * open their shells at high tide. * pack a wallop of nutritive value as well with a low trade off in calories. * play a very important role in the estuarine ecosystem, filtering the water. * prefer a low-energy tidal setting with regular freshwater flow from surface runoff - low salinity water - oyster shells as substrate, although they can live on any hard surface * produce a huge number of offspring - by spawning * provide a welcome habitat for commensal and competing organisms * reach a harvestable size in South Carolina at an age of about three years - puberty and have the ability to reproduce after about one year * release eggs and sperm into the water, where fertilization occurs. * remain popular in Connecticut today. * reproduce by broadcast spawning, in which both sperm and egg are released into the water - releasing sperm and eggs into the water - in a much different way than the regular birth process * require clean water to produce good pearls * settle as spat onto shells or other hard surfaces. * sometimes make pearls, which are valuable and used to make necklaces. * spawn from the warm weather in late spring until early fall - with the female releasing eggs into the water and the male releasing sperm * suffer greatly due to their inability to be agile and move or migrate. * then create a hard shell from the calcium in the seawater. * typically grow up to an inch per year. * usually grow in groups all stuck together. + Mollusc * Oysters sometimes make pearls, which are valuable and used to make necklaces. Other shells are collected for their beauty and sometimes used to make jewellery.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| bivalve \| oyster: Blue point * are low concentrations below normal soil values. * is an oyster Eastern oyster * Some Eastern oysters produce pearls as well. * are somewhat fatty, with a sealike flavor that ranges from mildly to very salty. * can reach sexual maturity at four months old. * grow to three to five inches in length, but can reach a length of eight inches. Larger oyster * are probably females while the small ones are males. * produce more gametes than smaller oysters. Pacific oyster * Most pacific oysters live in water. * Some pacific oysters contain proteins - exhibit phenomena * are the dominant type of oyster produced in Washington. * exhibit the unusual phenomenon of sex reversal. Pearl oyster * are used for commercial production of pearls. * breed around the island seabed. Raw oyster * Some raw oysters carry bacteria. * are also common - safe for consumption as long as they are harvested from beds deemed safe * can contain harmful bacteria. Water bivalve * develop methods. * retain moisture - precious moisture<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| mollusc: Cuttlefish * All cuttlefish are dioecious, i.e., the sexes are separate. * Most cuttlefish live to about two years. * Most cuttlefishs eat molluscs - small molluscs * Most cuttlefishs have brain size - brains - develop brains - diameters - eyesights - fins - good eyesights - hearts - internal structures - lifespans - long tentacles - prey - shells - short lifespans - sticky tentacles - tongues - hide from predators * Most cuttlefishs live in environments - marine environments - reefs - shallow reefs - water * Most cuttlefishs occur in tropical water - possess bodies - see light * Most cuttlefishs use mantle muscles - strong muscles * Some cuttlefishes flash two large, black spots resembling eyes, perhaps to fool potential predators. * Some cuttlefishs are harvested for meat - belong to families * Some cuttlefishs change color - skin color - display stun color - fill chambers * Some cuttlefishs have ability - diagnoses - ink - internal skeletons - types * Some cuttlefishs hide electric fields * Some cuttlefishs reach maturity - release brown pigment - rely on eyesights - spread arms * Some cuttlefishs use beaks - cavities - color patterns - mantle cavities * are cephalopods. * can sense movement in other ways as well. * change shapes. * do eat a lot, but like most marine creatures they can be overfed. * includes brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - shellfishes - skulls - vacuoles * is dense with vital minerals. - the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic from England to North Africa * spray water. * squirt out a cloud of black ink, turn pale and swim fast away from the ink. + Defence against predators, Secondary defences, Methods: Co-evolution :: Ecology * Many offer a non-essential part of the body, for example, butterflies whose wings have small 'targets' near the edges. Cuttlefish squirt out a cloud of black ink, turn pale and swim fast away from the ink. The Kentish Plover, which lays its eggs on the ground, lures attackers away from the eggs. It uses a remarkable impression of being damaged with a broken wing. ### animal \| mollusc \| cuttlefish: Common cuttlefish * eat mainly crustaceans and small fishes. * have no shell but an internal skeleton of chalky material. * reproduce sexually and have achieved reproductive success.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc: Gastropod * All gastropods are asymmetrical - display some degree of ganglial concentration * Many gastropods have a shell - one shell in which the animal can withdraw * Most gastropods are herbivores and feed by scraping algae off of rocks using the radula - herbivores, carnivores or scavengers - hermaphrodites - marine, although some are pulmonates - very mobile and active - found on land have both the male and female reproductive organs in the same animal - grow shells - has-part organs * Most gastropods have a single spiral shell, but many are shell-less - single, spiraled shell whereas slugs lack or have a reduced shell - spiral shell into which the animal can retract - an asymmetrical, spiral shell with a single aperture - coil shells - large aperture through which the organism comes out - lungs - senses - shells, generally in the shape of a spiral with numerous turns - possess organs - show a courtship behavior before copulation * Some gastropods are hermaphroditic, that is, they have both male and female parts - unisexual - conserve water * Some gastropods feed on clams - mollusks - other mollusks - suctorially and have lost the radula - get their oxygen by means of gills - have bases * Some gastropods have female organs - holes - separate sexes, others are hermaphroditic - lack shells completely - live in sea - possess lids - show diversity - use penises * also have a head equipped with antennae, eyes, and mouth, and a large foot. * are a class of mollusk that includes snails, conchs and whelks - among the more economically im- portant animals - animals that live on land or water - by far the largest group of molluscs - dioecious, and some forms are hermaphroditic - economically valuable as food for many animals, including humans * are found in a variety of habitats across Australia but favour moist environments - both fresh and salt water, and on land - worldwide - known to play an important role in plant, especially periphyton, production - marine, fresh water, and terrestrial - one of the most diverse groups of animals, both in form, habit, and habitat - primarily marine, but freshwater and terrestrial forms occur * are relatively tough to distinguish due to their mode of preservation - uncommon, and no cephalopods or trilobites are represented - second only to the insects in terms of varieties - single coiled shells * are snails and slugs - which have a single shell * are the largest division of the mollusks, based on numbers of species - family of mollusks and live almost everywhere * are the most common members of a group of animals called mollusks - diverse of the mollusk groups - univalves which means they have one shell - very successful in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats * come in a wide variety of colors, shapes and sizes. * exhibit it - their shells are coiled around a center point at the apex - the least change from the ancestral molluscan plan of all the molluscs - virtually every type of feeding possible * feed on very small things. * form the second largest class in the animal kingdom, the largest being the insects. * have a complex nervous system with ganglia - feeding organ called a radula - muscular foot used for creeping in most species - shell, although some have lost their shells through evolution - single shell, unlike bivalves - small teeth which are called radula * include herbivores. - cell membranes - faces - plasma membranes - sections * lay eggs. * live in every conceivable habitat on Earth - just about everywhere on Earth - salt water, fresh water, and on land * make up the family of animals that include snails, slugs, limpets and sea hares. * move using a muscular foot. * possess a distinct head, foot, and mantle cavity * range in size from less than inch to over a foot. * rasp their food. * represent one such taxon. * serve as excellent sources of proxy environmental data. * show tremendous variation in the de- gree of development of the shell. * use a broad, muscular foot to move and have a distinct head region. * usually have a one piece shell.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| gastropod: Many gastropod * Most many gastropods have shells. * Some many gastropods have female organs Marine gastropod * Most marine gastropods are burrowers. * Some marine gastropods feed on mollusks - other mollusks * Some marine gastropods have female organs - reproductive organs * are of many kinds, but most re- semble snails or slugs. * include herbivores. Most gastropod * Most most gastropods have coil shells - eyes - heads * Some most gastropods have bases - sex<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| mollusc \| gastropod \| slug: Banana slug * Most banana slugs eat food - find food * Some banana slugs become mollusks - eat cardboard * Some banana slugs have bottoms - sensory tentacles * Some banana slugs live on coasts - west coasts - show arboreal tendencies * are detritivorous, eating dead and decomposing plant and animal matter - hermaphroditic, possessing both male and female genitalia - known for the thick mucous that they excrete from their skin - one of the most common types of slugs - similar to other terrestrial species in their anatomy * get their name because many are bright yellow - by from their elongated yellow bodies * have a high growth rate, which also helps to maintain a stable population - two sets of tentacles * move ever so slowly across the forest floor and feed on all types of plant material. * play an important role in keeping forests healthy. * remain vital members of the forest ecosystem. * serve a valuable purpose in a forest ecology - as decomposers in forests Garden slug * leave tracks. * reach maturity - sexual maturity Pear slug * are a translucent to dark slug that eats the leaves of trees. * are dark green to orange in color, swollen at the head end, and slimy - orange, swollen at the head end, and slimy - the larvae of sawflies * is extremely easy to kill with almost any insecticide.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| gastropod: Snail * All snails are classified as mollusks because of the hard shell that protects their bodies - male until they mate, which is when something pretty strange happens - grow better and have stronger shells when there lot of calcium in the soil * Many snails are herbivores as they rely on plants and algae for their daily consumption - used as food, particularly abroad - can withdraw into the shell and close it off with a lid called an operculum - have an operculum, a plate that closes the gastropod's opening - inflicted with love darts suffer open wounds and sometimes death - live in the littoral zone * Most snails adapt to habitats. * Most snails appear in gardens * Most snails are herbivores and feed on plant parts - herbivores, but some are omnivores - known as snails - located in environments * Most snails are located on ground - omnivores, while others are herbivores or even carnivores - bear one or two pairs of tentacles on their heads - belong to genus * Most snails depend on food - destroy plants - develop ability * Most snails eat fish food - grass - large meals - living and decaying plants, but some are scavengers and some are predators - vegetables - enjoy having plants in the tank to graze on - enter water - excrete urea * Most snails feed on decay matter - plant matter - organic matter - rotting vegetation, and leftover food - get size - give birth to snails * Most snails grow shells - to cms * Most snails has-part glands - organs * Most snails have bacteria - basic structures - chambers - characteristics - diverse patterns * Most snails have female organs - fragile shells - gas exchange structures - holes - mechanisms - reproduction - second stage larvae - several characteristics - spiky shells * Most snails have spiral shells on their backs into which they can pull back for protection - thin shells - hide in shells * Most snails inhabit coral reef zones - tidal zones - kill prey * Most snails lay eggs but some, like the trapdoor snail, give live birth - live off plants and dead organic matter, although a few are carnivorous * Most snails make discharge - possess blood - pull in their food by scraping or rasping algal film off the substrate * Most snails reach adult size - reproductive maturity - relate to snails * Most snails require diets - show significant variation - survive adverse conditions * Most snails survive for months - several months - weeks - harsh conditions * Most snails survive in different habitats - winter * Most snails thrive in environments * Some snails appear to have ridges on their shells. * Some snails are aquatic, and live in water - capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction - even parthenogenetic, that is, their eggs develop without fertilization - herbivores, eating almost exclusively plants - hermaphroditic and engage in cross fertilization - inside eggs - killed by crabs * Some snails are killed by red crabs - rock crabs * Some snails are located in bays - rivers - swamp * Some snails are located on beaches - flowers - notorious for finding ways to escape from their tanks * Some snails avoid predators - salt - become slugs * Some snails belong to diverse families - build shells * Some snails can have babies - effects - pull over three times their own body-weight * Some snails carry organisms - parasites * Some snails depend on gardens - dig shallow holes * Some snails eat algae - dirt - dungs - garden snails - herbivorous snails - meat - emerge from water - end up floating to the surface simply because air bubbles get trapped in their shells * Some snails engage in cross fertilization * Some snails enter environments - even live on land * Some snails excrete acid - urine - exhibit sexual reproduction - fall into rivers * Some snails feed on algas - bark - bivalves - marsh grass * Some snails float in ponds - has-part stomachs * Some snails have a solid plug to close the shell opening after the animal retreats inside - aperture - brains - cavities - corneas - density - flaps of skin which partially or fully enclose the shell - fronts - genetic defects - grey skin - immense appetite - life - lungs - mantle cavities - moist skin - molluscs - pale skin - ranges - teeth - very pretty shells - wide aperture - hibernate during winter * Some snails inhabit arid regions - live for years * Some snails live in Kansas - cliffs - deserts - floors - oceans - saltwaters - tops - trees - vary habitats * Some snails live on beaches - land and some live in water - lose appetite - migrate to water - obtain food by using their radula to drill holes in the shells of other mollusks - occupy ranges - only come out at night - possess mantle lobes - prefer darkness * Some snails produce borings or drill holes into other molluscs, such as clams - fluid - secretion * Some snails provide food - pump blood - receive food - rely on diets * Some snails require cells - other food sources, such as fish food or bottom feeder tablets * Some snails serve as food - proteins - survive predation * Some snails thrive in bays - withdraw into their shells, which owners frequently mistake as a sign of death * also have a mantle that covers the internal organ that is called a foot - possess good medicinal value with regard to certain gastric ailments - to have found equal favour with the ancients * are a delicacy in French cuisine , where they are called escargots - great source of calcium, but hard to find in the right size - popular dietary item for urban opossums - vector for liver flukes * are able to breathe through their skin as well - survive intact after being eaten by birds, according to scientists - all healthy and moving around, and the plants are thriving * are also a high-preference food - fond of the occasional drop of beer - important to the health of a garden pond, as they consume excess organic matter * are an intermediate host for some of the parasites - to the flukes - animals - annelids - another destructive pest, particularly during the later stage of growth - at the bottom of the food chain - attracted to the carbohydrates and yeast in beer, and crawl into the trap and drown - decomposers, an important part of the food cycle - dormant in summer and their activity is triggered by rain in autumn * are eaten as food in some parts of the world - most often in European countries - especially important when drought or hard weather makes it difficult to find other food - extremely important in the turn over of the organic material - found all over the world * are found in almost any environment - freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments - gastropods with a coiled shell large enough for the animal can retract inside it - herbivorous which is why most of their diet comprises plants and vegetation - hermaphrodites but they have to mate before laying some days later - infested by several species of trematode worms which consume gonads of males - invertebrates , which are animals with no backbones * are located in environments - mollusks - as are their cousins the slugs - more abundant near limestome, and in more arid climates * are most active at night and after rainfall - or on cloudy, high humidity days - likely to be found in the leaf litter under the tree - mostly intestine, except for the meaty foot - needed in the fluke life cycle - omnivores, but eat mostly small plants and minerals from rocks * are one of the earliest known types of animals in the world - easiest of the exotic pets to keep - popular pets, and are a commonplace addition to salt-water aquariums - rapid reproducers, breeding as often as once a month - shellfish - slimy and soft bodied with slimy spiral shells about one inch long - so diverse that there are land snails, sea snails and freshwater snails - surprisingly strong for their size, and are able to climb to the top of almost any tank * are the intermediary host for anchor worm - slowest insects - univalves, which means they have one shell - vegetarians and eat many kinds of plant material * are very active at night - important in the cycling of calcium - popular in Andalusia , Valencia and Catalonia - small animals that are only a few inches long and often weigh only a few ounces * avoid garlic, chives, and wormwood plants and spices - protective borders of sand, lime, or ashes * become active and move down from their aestivation sites - very inactive in winter * can absorb mineral nutrients through their foot by simply sitting on a rock containing it - act as one gender in a season and the other gender next season - also gnaw through limestone * can be a problem in California - shady, moist locations where roots are kept cool and moist - marine , aquatic , or terrestrial - objects of fascination for kids playing outside - serious pests to young trees - become unwanted pests, damaging the environment, local organisms, and food webs - cause serious damage to crops - choose sexual or asexual reproduction strategies - control the amount of slime on some riverbeds - defoliate young trees and damage fruit - devour entire plants overnight - eat through cardboard - have a long life - only crawl - pass unscathed through a the digestive system of birds and fish - penetrate a shell as thick as five millimeters - sleep for three years without eating - store the sperm for up to a year, but typically lay eggs within a couple of weeks * chew leaves. * come in a variety of colors including yellow, brown, gray, and black - hundreds of sizes, shapes, and colors - out at night to feed because it is safe then * consume algas - rot vegetation * contain both land and aquatic animals - many nutrients * crawl along by a large, muscular foot. * die under salty conditions. * differ from slugs in that they have a shell in which to hide. * drink pure water. - almost any kind of plant * eat both cornmeal and cornstarch - dead and living plant material - by asserting radula against the leaf rasping it and scraping away particles - calcium food which is basically required for their shell - eggs off of sheep feces - fruits and vegetables * eat mostly living plants as well as decaying plants - mussels and barnacles * eat the larvae - waste debris that collects in the pond * enter into states * even have medicinal uses. * exist on a diet primarily of living and decaying plants, fruits, and barks. * feed mainly on decaying plants and fungi. * find a hard substrate and attach themselves, sealing off the opening of the shell * generally use smell, sight and feel to find food. * grow by laying down new material around the edge of the roughly circular opening - rings inside of the shell as they grow * has-part feelers * hate salt. * have a four-part brain capable of learning - hard shell which can also provide extra safety and shelter from predators and the sun - long soft body with a shell stuck on the back - prominent external shell and slugs have an internal shell - small air hole that it opens to breath - spiral shell with a distinct head and retractable foot - spirally curved shell, a broad retractable foot, and a distinct head - antennae and a pair of well-defined eyes - different shaped shells - reproductive organs - many predators in the wild - much time - one shell and are knows as univalve mollusks - similar slime but seem less loathsome because the shell covers some of the goo - small slits on their necks where fertilization occurs and the eggs develop - thousands of tiny teeth on their tongues called radula - to feed on foods that include large amounts of calcium - torsion , a process where the body coils to one side during development * have two pairs of tentacles on the head - tentacles, a single broad flat foot and bear a spirally-coiled shell - well developed shells, which are generally spiral in shape * includes brains - carapaces - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - shellfishes - skulls - vacuoles * is an univalve * leave a slime trail as they move on their muscular foot. * live in environments - moist places * live on damp habitats * lives in ocean. * love leaves. * mainly mate on warm nights during the summer months. * move according to their own reflexes and instincts - around a lot more under humid, moist conditions than under dry conditions - at an incredible slow speed * move by a muscular, slimy foot under their body - crawling, swimming, or floating with currents - creeping along - muscle contractions throughout their foot and easily slide on their mucus - sliding on their single foot - the activity of waves of muscles passing forward along the sole of the foot - slowly so the guppies have a chance to pick food off the bottom - to yards * often attach themselves to underside of boards - breed under ceramic pots - browse on plants when supplies of prepared food, dead fish or algae are low - harbor the bacteria - have parasites that affect man and other animals - lay eggs once a month * only move short distances on their own. * perform an important role by eating the dead plant material. * possess a radula, which rough, tongue-like organ with rows of tiny teeth - single shell that is usually coiled, although sometimes flattened and cone shaped * prefer habitats - stand water - to live in cool, dark places - warm water * range greatly in size. * regenerate shells. * reproduce by inseminating each other with sperm. - moist, humid conditions to thrive * resemble snails. * roam earth. * search for food. * secrete a type of mucus or slime from their mucous gland - adhesive mucuses - mucus externally to keep their soft bodies from drying out * seek damp, protected places. * seem to be moving about seemingly comfortable in their new habitat. * shine damp branches. * show a tremendous variety of shapes, based primarily upon the logarithmic spiral * sire offspring. * spend many hours courting before they mate. * start feeding , their reproductive organs mature and they copulate. * swallow food. * travel long distances, as well, but often leave a broken trail. * use their chewing mout-parts to chew holes in foliage - radula to cut food * usually spend the winter hiding under garden debris. * utilize some bromeliads for concealment rather than food. + Gastropoda, General description * Snails have torsion, a process where the body coils to one side during development. The significance of this procedure is not yet clear. Page, Louise R. 2006. + Slug * Slugs belong to several different families which also include snails with shells. Snails are gastropods with a coiled shell large enough for the animal can retract inside it. The various families of land slugs are not very closely related, despite a superficial similarity in the overall body form. + Snail, Body parts, Foot - Shell: Gastropods * Snails are invertebrates, which are animals with no backbones. The shell on the snail helps protect it, and also reduces the loss of water by evaporation. Shells are many different shapes, sizes, and colours. Snails do not breathe through their mouths, instead they have a breathing hole under their shells * Land snails eat vegetables and fruits, such as lettuce, carrots, cucumber and apples. Aquatic snails are often carnivorous. Snails use their radula to cut food. The radula is a hard, rough plate in the mouth. Radula teeth are like little pieces of sandpaper. They are good for cutting up plants and if the snail eats meat they are good for tearing the meat apart. Radula teeth look like little fangs * Snails are found all over the world. Generally speaking, land snails live on damp habitats. They live in caves and dark places. Snails can be found in dark places such as in a garden under plants. Some species live in cold places like the Arctic, and a few are found in warm places like beaches and deserts. * Some snails are aquatic, and live in water. They live in the sea, fish tanks, rivers and oceans + Song Thrush, Feeding: Thrushes * Snails are especially important when drought or hard weather makes it difficult to find other food. The Birds of the Western Palearctic'. Oxford University Press. The nestlings are mainly fed on animal food such as worms, slugs, snails and insect larvae.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| gastropod \| snail: Apple snail * Most apple snails have shells. * Most apple snails survive in different habitats * Some apple snails are unable to deposit their eggs on the surface they have climbed on. * are also common aquarium pets because of their size - common aquarium pets, suited to the tropics - easy animals that do well in a common aquarium or a pond - herbivores, so they eat mostly aquatic vegetation, and algae * die or estivate, becoming unavailable, when a site becomes dry. + Ampullariidae, Food and Digestion * Apple snails are herbivores, so they eat mostly aquatic vegetation, and algae. To digest food, apple snails first break up food with the radula teeth, and then the food will be swallowed, and travel down the esophagus and to the stomach. It will eventually exit through the anus as feces - Habitat: Gastropods * They eat things like fresh fruits, lettuce, other vegetables, algae and herbivorous wafers. However, they are not called apple snails because they eat apples. They get their name from the fact that one species of apple snails can grow to be the size of an apple. Apple snails are also common aquarium pets because of their size. They also prefer to be with other snails. Although they can live in water with high oxygen, this makes them move slower<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| mollusc \| gastropod \| snail: Aquatic snail * Most aquatic snails have gills, but land snails have a breathing chamber - reproduction * are in other orders, and usually have gills - often carnivorous - somewhat different * eat plants and algae at the bottom of the pond. * have both hermaphroditic and heterosexual reproduction + Snail, Food * Land snails eat vegetables and fruits, such as lettuce, carrots, cucumber and apples. Aquatic snails are often carnivorous. Snails use their radula to cut food. The radula is a hard, rough plate in the mouth. Radula teeth are like little pieces of sandpaper. They are good for cutting up plants and if the snail eats meat they are good for tearing the meat apart. Radula teeth look like little fangs. + Snail: Gastropods * Usually, by 'snail' people mean the snails on land. Land snails usually have lungs, and are in the order Pulmonata. Aquatic snails are in other orders, and usually have gills. Close relatives of the snails are the slugs, which are basically snails without shells. Both slugs and snails are numerous and successful on land. Most land snails and slugs are herbivorous. Aquatic snails and slugs are usually omnivores or predatory carnivores. Cone snail * Most cone snails are nocturnal hunters so also feed when fish are sleeping - eat large meals * Most cone snails have diverse patterns * Some cone snails eat prey - have venom strong enough to kill humans, though they prefer using it on their prey * are among the most venomous creatures on earth. * inhabit warm water reefs in the Pacific and Atlantic regions. * use an entire arsenal - their chemical overkill so that death comes as quickly as possible<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| mollusc \| gastropod \| snail: Freshwater snail * Many freshwater snails are also pulmonates. * Most freshwater snails have chambers. * Some freshwater snails have gills by which they obtain oxygen from the water - ranges - live in deep lakes, others live in lakes and ponds high in the mountains - provide food * are common in ponds, streams, marshes, and lakes - gastropod mollusks which live in freshwater - intermediate hosts, essential to the parasite life-cycle - often hermaphrodites - wide range in life span depending on species and environment Garden snail * Most garden snails feed on plants. * Most garden snails have female organs - reproductive organs * Some garden snails can have babies - hibernate during winter * move to yards.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| gastropod \| snail: Land snail * All land snail have calcium carbonate crystals in their egg shells - snails are hermaphrodites, producing both spermatozoa and ova * Many land snails can lift ten times their own weight up a vertical surface - mate regularly as long as their living conditions are adequate for survival * Most land snails bear one or two pairs of tentacles on their heads. * Most land snails eat plants and other vegetation * Most land snails feed on decay matter - plant matter * Most land snails have chambers - characteristics - holes - interesting projections on the fronts of their heads - several characteristics * Most land snails have shells that are drab in colour and inconspicuous - are right-handed in their coiling - thin shells - two pairs of tentacles, whereas aquatic snails generally have just one pair - lack gills and breathe with a lung derived from the mantle cavity - occupy the surface litter and upper soil zone * Some land snails excrete acid - feed on bark * Some land snails have fronts - rely on diets - spend almost their whole lives in trees * are a neglected faunal group - calciphiles, thriving in limestone environments - hermaphroditic, that is, each snail has both male and female parts - marginally, but very successfully, terrestrial - nocturnal animals and move to food and partners in the late evening or at night * are quite habitat specific - hardy and can survive for many days with little food or water * avoid desiccation in several ways. * consume rot vegetation - vegetables and fruits, such as lettuce, carrots, cucumber and apples * engage in various types of courting rituals to attract mates. - many different kinds of coloured shells * live on damp habitats * require minimal care. * use an internal mantle as a lung - the mantle cavity as a rudimentary lung + Snail, Food: Gastropods Marine snail * Most marine snails encapsulate their offspring in a resilient biological elastomer. * Some marine snails eat meat - feed on algas - produce secretion Parasitic snail * Most parasitic snails belong to genus. * Some parasitic snails live in rivers. Pond snail * Some pond snails have gills to breathe in water - teeth * are one of the most frequently-encountered unwanted snails - usually tan or dark brown in color - very commmon in North America, and especially in Michigan - viviparous and the young are born with shells and start out independently at once * can attach themselves to the feet of ducks and live for many hours - live to be at least a year old Snail mail * is computer slang for regular postal carrier mail - slang for postal mail - the term used to indicate letters sent via regular ground or air postal routes * public service, subsidized by public funds. * takes days or longer to travel from place to place. Terrestrial snail * Most terrestrial snails develop ability - excrete urea * Most terrestrial snails have gas exchange structures * Some terrestrial snails have lungs - live in habitats * live in in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Winkle * are herbivorous and graze on algae on rocks. * includes brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - shellfishes - skulls - vacuoles * is an univalve Marine molluscs * Many marine molluscs are slow growing and have very limited reproductive success. * Some marine molluscs have tentacles.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc: Squid * Most squids absorb oxygen - belong to families - capture prey - digest food - display diversity * Most squids eat food - krill * Most squids engage in fertilization - internal fertilization - feed on krill - get prey * Most squids have ability - eyesights - fins - good eyesights - hearts - long tentacles - offspring - predators - skin * Most squids live in antarctic water - move to locations - possess glands - prey on fish - pump water - reach maturity * Most squids use filament - long filament - weigh pounds * Some squids absorb nutrients. * Some squids are captured by fishermen - harvested for food - breathe use gills * Some squids eat debris - juvenile fish - sea fish - small fish - emit clouds - exhibit gigantisms * Some squids feast on animals - small animals * Some squids feed on plankton * Some squids follow patterns - similar patterns - get food * Some squids have digestive tracts - enemies - ink sacs - jaws - lifestyle - mechanisms - octopi - pens - strong jaws - tails - values - years - invade territory - live in large schools, others are solitary - make up diets - possess arms - produce light - show light - strand on beaches * Some squids use fins * Some squids wash up on beaches - shores * Some squids weigh several tons * appear to be a neon color when they swim. * are able to change color rapidly by contracting and expanding pigment granules - abundant in all oceans of the world - another type of mollusc - and are still gelatinous zooplankton - cephalopods - generally abundant, because they mature fast - located in sea - obligate predators in nature - one animal that live in both Antarctica and the Arctic - part of squids - seafood - software - super conducting devices that are extremely sensitive to the tiniest magnetic fields * are the first passive mob to spawn at any light level, in water, and without grass - most active group of molluscs - the group of mollusks called cephalopods, which include octopi, cuttlefish, etc * breathe using their gills. * can cruise along at constant speeds or dart about in quick jerky movements - have between seven and eighteen tentacles, seemingly determined at random - swim in whatever direction they want except straight upwards * catch fish * could have impact - large impact * destroy the young fry of certain food fishes, but they in turn are often eaten by man. * do battles. * eat a varied diet depending on the species - fishes and shrimps * force water from the mantle out through the siphon to propel themselves through the water. * have a head-like structure , with sense organs and brains in the front end - horny growth under it's skin to protect itself from predator's teeth - among the largest eye size to body size ratio in the entire animal kingdom * have an amazing ability to change their colour - endoskeleton, an internal supporting, strong structure of Calcium salts - enormous eyes - extra armature-hooks on the sucker rings - kidneys - some of the largest eyes, in proportion to their body, in the animal kingdom * have ten arms, two of which are called tentacles - limbs, only two of which are appropriately called tentacles - their babies laid in jellied clusters on rocks - cytoplasm - faces - the open oceans - throughout the world, except in arctic waters * may have ability. * often mate in large groups, and attach their egg capsules to the ocean floor or to seaweed. * possess a stiff structure known as a pen, that acts as a flexible backbone * suffocate if they are beached on land for too long. * swim by drawing water into their mantle cavity and expelling it through their siphon. * typically demonstrate considerable plasticity in individual growth rates. - fins located on their heads to propel themselves when swimming at low speeds - jet propulsion to attain great speeds when chasing prey or fleeing from predators * use their large eyes to spot prey in the murky depths - tentacles to catch other animals - two specialized tentacles to quickly reach out and capture fishes * usually live from three to five years - spawn in groups + Squid, Characteristics: Cephalopods :: Mimicry * Like other cephalopoda, squid are intelligent animals. Squids have a head-like structure, with sense organs and brains in the front end. Although the squids lack exterior shells they have a vestigial shell inside, made of chitin.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusc \| squid: Colossal squid * Most colossal squids have eyes. * Most colossal squids live in antarctic water * Some colossal squids are captured by fishermen. * are believed to have longer mantles than the giant squid, but shorter tentacles.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| mollusc \| squid: Giant squid * All giant squid have extremely large eyes, as big as basketballs. * Most giant squids capture prey. * Most giant squids have eyes - fins - heads - weigh pounds * Some giant squids breathe use gills. * Some giant squids eat fish - sea fish - feed on squids * Some giant squids have jaws - strong jaws - wash up on beaches * Some giant squids weigh several tons * are carnivorous mollusks that have a long, torpedo shaped body - featured in literature and folklore with a frightening connotation - located in sea - mollusks with long, torpedo-shaped bodies and no backbone - predators who hunt in the deep sea further down than light can reach - probably big cruisers rather than the fast, powerful swimmers of monster folklore * are the largest invertebrates which live in groups called schools - stuff of nightmares - widespread, occurring in all of the world's oceans * breathe using two large gills inside the mantle cavity. * can be long as a school bus. * catch their prey with their tentacles. * get really large. * has large head, eight arms and two tentacles used for grabbing of the prey - strong jaws which are shaped like a parrot beak - giant eyes - no gas spaces in their bodies - small fins at the rear of their mantles used for locomotion - the biggest eyes on earth * have the largest eyes in the world - of any living creature in the world, the size of a dinner plate - most highly developed brain of any invertebrate * is one of the biggest animals on the planet - the largest of all known squid species and the largest invertebrate on the planet * live very deep in the ocean and are eaten by sperm whales. * may have ability. * move like all other Cephalopods by rapidly expelling the water from their mantle. * spray black ink when they are in danger. * swim in schools. + Squid, Squid reproduction, Size: Cephalopods :: Mimicry * Giant squid are featured in literature and folklore with a frightening connotation. The Kraken is a legendary tentacled monster possibly based on sightings of real giant squid. Vampire squid * Most vampire squids use filament - long filament * Some vampire squids have lifestyle. Young squid * can also feed on items that humans have polluted their waters with. * grow rapidly.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Mollusk * All mollusks come from eggs. * All mollusks have a muscular foot, soft bodies, and gills that they use for breathing - soft body with a special covering called the mantle * Many mollusks feed by using a strap-like rasping organ called a radula to scrape up food. * Many mollusks have a rough tongue that feels like sandpaper - tongue of sorts, called a radula - unique rasping tongue, called a radula, which is used for feeding - shells - use a tongue-shaped structure called a radula for feeding * Most Mollusks have a soft body protected by a hard shell of calcium carbonate. * Most mollusks also have a radula - are located in sea - can produce mucus - come from sea - eat phytoplankton - exhibit common features - exist in sea - grow shells * Most mollusks has-part organs - valves * Most mollusks have a hard shell enclosing a soft body - muscular foot to aid in movement and a feeding structure called a radula - soft, skin-like organ covered with a hard outside shell - calcium carbonate shells - feet - gastropods - gills, and well-developed organ systems - global significance * Most mollusks have hard outer shells - hearts - males and females, while garden snails are hermaphroditic - muscular feet - rough tongues - spiral shells * Most mollusks live in environments - habitats * Most mollusks live in marine habitats, including gastropods and bivalves * Most mollusks possess characteristics - well-developed sensory organs - relate to snails - require water * Most mollusks undergo physical transformation - use gills for breathing - wear shells * Some mollusks adapt to problems - also have a differentiated head * Some mollusks are covered with shell and some has tentacles - critical to the basic ecology of some mangals - excellent swimmers, others crawl or burrow in mud and sand - hermaphroditic, which allows for more efficient reproduction * Some mollusks are located in lakes - bury in sediments - cover their entire shell, others only a part - develop cavities - die in sea - grab moving objects with a sticky goo * Some mollusks have a shell - distinct regions - exoskeletons - flexible body walls - importance - lungs - sex - tubes - inhabit trees - live for decades * Some mollusks live in regions - rivers - streams * Some mollusks live on dark ocean floors - land, such as the snail and slug - make phyla - possess bivalves * Some mollusks rely on fertilization - internal fertilization - undergo metamorphosis - use cavities * also enjoy munching mushrooms. * also have a partially open system with both arteries and veins - an extension of the body wall called the mantle - nourish humans culturally - provide important data from the fossil record and deep time * are a diverse group of animals, and play crucial roles in various ecosystems - group of soft-bodied animals that includes snails, scallops, clams, and sea slugs * are a large and diverse group of animals of worldwide distribution - group of invertebrate animals - major food source still, especially in communities adjacent to the ocean - abundant fossils * are an amazingly diverse group of animals that live in a wide variety of environments - important group of invertebrates in the animal kingdom - animals which usually have a soft body that is protected by a hard shell - bilateraly symetrical and are protostomes - coelomates - common and widespread in freshwater habitats - eaten freely when they can be obtained * are found both in fresh and salt water and on land - throughout most mangrove habitats - herbivorous, grazing on algae * are important as food, for decoration, and in scientific studies - to humans as well as other animals as food * are invertebrates and are no exception - whose soft bodies are usually covered with hard shells - with soft bodies covered by a shell of one or more pieces - less numerous than ciliates - marine animals with soft bodies and no backbone * are more likely than birds or insects - numerous than crustaceans - most diverse in marine habitats but also inhabit freshwater and terrestrial habitats - soft bodied, and usually have a hard shell secreted by a mantle - soft-bodied and have a true coelom * are soft-bodied animals, but most are protected by a hard shell - which often live in hard shells - soft-bodied, and most have a prominent shell * are the dominant invertebrate - most numerous of the four animals - second-largest invertebrate group * are very abundant in some ecosystems - efficient in the use of their body parts - vital to sustaining many ecosystems - world wide and predominantly marine * can be filter feeders - survive very dilute body fluids * display a wide range of morphologies in each class and subclass. * filter the water as they look for food. * generally live in aquatic regions. * have a complete digestive tract, spanning from the mouth to the anus - definite body plan, including a foot for locomotion, a head, and a visceral mass - mantle that plays a major role in breathing and excretion - simple heart, which pumps the blood throughout the body - an incomplete digestive system with one opening - bilateral symmetry - coelomate bodies and a complete digestive track - one or two hearts * have soft bodies and most have shells - with no spinal column and are covered by a shell in one or more pieces - bodies, but some have a hard outer shell - teeth of magnetite of goethite - three body regions * include snails. * includes brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - shellfishes - skulls - vacuoles * is an invertebrate - many different environments where they play very intricate roles * live in marine and freshwater habitats, as well as on land * make up a scientific phylum of soft-bodied creatures, most often enclosed in a shell. * occupy habitats ranging from the deep ocean to shallow waters to moist terrestrial niches. * possess cells - well-developed muscle tissues * provide a clear example of adaptive radiation - sensitive tool for monitoring environmental health * tend to be shore-dwelling creatures. * use sexual reproduction to pass on there genes. * usually have three distinct sections - live where rivers and seas meet	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| mollusk: Aquatic mollusk * breathe use gills. * use gills located in their mantle cavities. Freshwater mollusk * Most freshwater mollusks have global significance - shells * Some freshwater mollusks adapt to problems - live in regions Marine mollusk * Most marine mollusks have shells - spiral shells * are locally abundant within the deposit. Terrestrial mollusk * Most terrestrial mollusks have shells. * Some terrestrial mollusks develop cavities. Morula * ball-like mass of cells formed by the cleavage of the zygote. * includes brains - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles Most terrestrial animal * excrete waste. * have lungs. Multicellular animal * Most multicellular animals have excretory organs - special organs - reproduce sexually - undergo a similar pattern of development and differentiation - nervous systems that generate behavior * need oxygen. Native animal * All native animals are resources of inherent interest and value to the people of the United States. * Many native animals live underground as a way to adapt to the harsh arid climate. * Most native animals adapt to environments - are marsupials the young of which are nourished in an external pouch * Most native animals depend on grassland - plants * Some native animals prey on bandicoots. Neutered animal * Many neutered animals show a higher percentage of allergies and skin problems. * are less likely to be aggressive or to bite humans. * are less likely to roam and fight - therefore less likely to contract diseases - or fight * fight less, reducing injuries and the spread of disease. * tend to be less territorial and less aggressive. Newborn animal * are most susceptible to infection - young animals * have far fewer neurons that respond to hypoxia than do adults. * receive protection from antibodies in their mothers' milk.<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Nocturnal animal * Most nocturnal animals become prey. * Most nocturnal animals have big eyes and pupils that let in as much light as possible - look for food - rely on senses - use senses * Some nocturnal animals avoid heat - come out at nights - have eyes that can see the infrared light produced by their prey or enemies * Some nocturnal animals hide in crevices - holes - moist crevices - leave burrows - live on slopes * are a favorite to read and learn about. * are active at night - by night and sleep during the day - awake at night and asleep during the day - more active just after dark and just before dawn - up and active - usually active during the night * begin to wake up and move around. * can have big eyes and even bigger ears. * climb out after dark. * do come out during the day - it the other way round * have a structure in which human lack called tapetum - larger corneas iii - proportionally larger eyes than humans do - specialized pupils to shut out damaging bright light * hunt for food. * seen during the day are likely to be sick or injured. * take center stage. * tend to have larger eyes for better night vision - proportionally bigger eyes than diurnal animals and human beings do + Diurnal: Zoology * Animals that are active during the day are called 'diurnal'. They hunt or feed during the day and sleep during the night. Nocturnal animals do it the other way round. Nonhuman animal * are on one level. * can suffer. Numerous animal * are full brothers and sisters and have minimal similarities - pregnant * live in close association with feather stars - within extreme temperature gradients * perform seasonal migrations through the state. Old animal * appear more vulnerable than young animals. * die and are removed.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Older animal * Many older animals adapt well to new homes - develop benign skin tumors, which veterinarians can easily remove * are capable of taking larger, mammalian prey - less sensitive than young animals - more resistant to harm from salinity than are the young - often much worn and frayed from the friction of moving through heavy undergrowth - slower to heal - used for beef when they are past their reproductive prime * can also have crypto, but they are less likely to have it than younger animals - t assimilate food as well as they used to * haul out on their own when they're ill or injured. * have a fat layer under their skin, giving the flesh added protection from the gases - larger antlers and males develop a long neck mane - less enlargement in response to heart overloads than younger animals - more problems than younger animals - trouble bonding to new people * lose the yellow banding, and turn dark green and brown. * make great pets too. * produce more dander than young ones because their skin is drier. * recover, so long as they can stand the rashes and sores and other cruel symptoms. * tend to be darker and more reddish, and younger animals are more gray - build up natural resistance to stomach and lung parasites - have more hair on their heads Omnivorous animal * Most omnivorous animals eat food - fruit - survive on diets * feed on both animals and plants.<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Other animal * adapt to environments - life * begin life. * catch food. * chew food. * come in contact. * compete for resources. * create problems. * demonstrate evidence. * depend on krill * eat plants - vegetation * enter territory. * exhibit behavior. * feed on bait * forage for food. * grow in wombs. * have ability - color - disadvantage - exact structures - eyes - features - hearts - incisor teeth - limbs - predatory behavior * have sharp incisor teeth - similar structures - tooth structures - types * include bears - beavers - deer - moose - musk oxes * inhabit areas - regions * live during time. * live in arid environments - colonies - extreme environments - habitats - rainforests - wetland environments * make up diets. * mark territory. * move sides. * play roles - unique roles * populate areas. * possess defensive mechanisms * prey upon creatures. * reach size. * rely on touch. * share environments - resemblance - superficial resemblance * survive in habitats. * take up residences. * use different strategies - many different strategies - methods - sound * utilize asexual reproduction Overweight animal * are especially prone to heat-related problems - prone to many diseases * consume more calories than they require. Ovoviviparous animal * develop in eggs, but the eggs develop inside the mother or the father. * produce eggs in shells that hatch withinthe mother's body. Pack animal * are used in the more remote highland areas. * is an animal Parasitic animal * Some parasitic animals attack plants - complete their life cycle in the body of one host, they are called monogenic * occur in several different phyla.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Pet * All pets can benefit from healthy diets and proper nutritional supplementation - improved nutrition, which helps reduce disease and improve overall health - carry germs, but some carry more than others - get their rabies vaccinations before adoption * Bring in outdoor pets. * Can be Valuable, particularly large dogs. * Every pet has a history, no matter how young or how old. * Keep dogs and outside or out of the way. * Many pets are allergic to fleas - extremely allergic to bee stings - found weeks or months after they disappear - can carry infectious diseases, e.g. iguanas and turtles can spread salmonella - develop some form of joint disease during their lives - drown each year in backyard swimming pools, especially puppies and kittens * Many pets live for years - together and copulate regularly for years - naturally drink less as they age, which can lead to dehydration - require a certain type of care * Many pets suffer from allergies - skin allergies * More pets die each year as a result of being lost than from all diseases combined. * Most pets accept brushing if they are approached in a gentle manner. * Most pets adapt quickly to riding - adjust better to their owners absence when pets are left in their familiar surroundings - also require a great deal of care * Most pets are able to go home the same day - at minimal risk for problems associated with general anesthesia - like children to the owners - member of families - safe to own - territorial - attract allergen - become lost at least once during their lifetime - can go home once they are willing to eat and drink again * Most pets carry bacteria - harmful organisms - catch infect fleas - cause behavior problems - communicate with their owners in many different ways - decrease their scratching rapidly after the first injection - die without treatment - drink water * Most pets eat food - high quality food - raw food * Most pets exhibit abnormal behavior - other abnormal behavior - strange behavior - gain weight * Most pets get food - necessary nutrients * Most pets have a natural instinct to kill the squirrel - breathe problems - clean water - coats - diagnoses - firmer stools when their diet is mostly comprised of raw meat, fat, and bones - good appetite - health problems - kidney problems - little physical or social means to get back into balance - medical conditions - places - sharp teeth and can chew into a tube within seconds - tendencies - values - ingest poisonous substances - learn quickly with love and attention - like to be held and cuddled * Most pets live in neighborhoods - over years - move legs - possess energy - prefer to avoid eliminating in areas where they eat or play - produce antibodies - rely on kidneys * Most pets require diets - less than two days to learn how to use a pet door * Most pets suffer from ailment - same ailment - something called separation anxiety - take to having something placed in their mouth if started at an early age - transmit illnesses - wear collars * Some Pets are shy in discussing their bodies or facial beauty. * Some pets absorb toxins - actually gain total body mass from excessive fat storage - also can become sensitive to changes in the water they drink * Some pets are able to interact peacefully with each other with no problems - allergic to flea saliva - bitten by rattlesnakes - good at masking the signs of a flea infestation - more expensive to maintain than others * Some pets can cause a problem with motion detectors - cope well with loss of vision, or hearing, or some kinds of orthopedic problems - contain proteins - descend from wallabies * Some pets die of diseases - heart diseases * Some pets do laboratory tests - well on special diets and supplemental digestive enzymes * Some pets eat animals - insects - plants - poisonous plants - rats - small prey - toads - even become lethargic as their mouths become more painful - explore places - get carsick, and vets can prescribe travel-sickness medicine - hate mammals * Some pets have abnormalities - adverse reactions to changes - cancer - hay - respiratory infection - kill roadrunners * Some pets live in cages - small cages * Some pets love lots of attention and affection, getting petted all of the time and fussed over - to lay in a certain area of the room or near a specific piece of furniture - possess parasites - refuse diets * Some pets rely on cord - umbilical cord - require professional grooming several times a year - sleep on beds - suffer from conditions - sustain brain stem injuries - swim in water - test positive for worms without showing any outward symptoms at all - undergo chemotherapy * add a great deal to human lives. * alleviate stress, anxiety and depression. * also can pass parasites, fungi and some bacterial infections to their owners - get the same benefits as people and livestock * also help children to relax and be calm, and they make children smile - to foster family cohesion - shed bits of skin that have their own particular allergic potential - track in pollen, and one out of every ten people is allergic to cat or dog dander * appear to help lower blood pressure and make people happier. * are a big investment of time, money and emotion - common source of infection with ringworm and can transmit the infection - family responsibility and require adult involvement on a daily basis - life-long commitment - major source of support and increase perception the ability to cope - part of many peoples' lives * are a problem inside a residence hall because of sanitation, pest control, allergies and noise - when living on the economy - simple, drug free way to lower stress and improve health - source of joy and relaxation - topic of great interest to most young children * are also frequent victims of plant poisonings - highly susceptible to lead poisoning from lead contaminated dust - an antidote to depression * are an important part of our everyday lives - the American household * are animals kept as companions and treated with care and affection - which can comfort people all the time - willing to extend that presence to our daily lives - comfortable and feel protected in small places - dewormed for tapeworms throughout their lives - easy prey for cougars - essential to the quality of life of many senior citizens * are family members who deserve our ongoing love and respect * are great carriers of parasites - parasitic infestation - happier, healthier and live longer when housed indoors - individuals and different breeds have different needs * are less likely to roam, get lost, injured or killed - run away, or get into fights - likely to die of exposure, starvation, predators, contaminated food or water - located at homes * are more comfortable and content when life stays in order - likely to run off when left without their owners * are most frequently the link by which rabies is spread from the wild to people - important to train children to have respect for animals and their needs and wishes * are often more affectionate and less likely to run away from home and get into fights - victims of divorce, death, downsizes and layoffs * are part of a person's life - many children's lives - particularly therapeutic for the elderly or infirm, who have become socially isolated - subject to the same safety hazards as their owners when traveling unrestrained in a car - the adhesive that pull people closer * are the most common bridge between rabid wildlife and people - cause of bites, with dog bites occurring most often - second most important source of indoor allergens - unable to survive on their own if left behind * become fat and lazy after being spayed or neutered - vulnerable to fire when left unattended, as well as other health risks like overheating * bring therapeutic benefits to nursing homes. * can act as emotional substitutes for spouses, romantic partners and children. * can also be sensitive to foods - become infected and can spread the parasite to humans - expose people to a variety of bacterial infections and cause severe allergies - fall prey to poisonous plants * can also get chemotherapy for cancer - rabies from wild animals - present problems in a community living setting - provide companionship and pleasure for people - reduce stress and anxiety levels, making people feel more relaxed - show the same sensitivities to chemicals and contaminates in their living environment - work as a buffer against social isolation * can be a source of humor, and humor can have positive effects on health - physical as well as emotional comfort * can be costly, especially for people on a fixed income - easy prey for coyotes * can be the cure to a variety of psychological problems as well as physical ones - key to a long and healthy life - unpredictable in strange places or after a long car ride - very sensitive to changes in environments and become petrified during storms * can become allergic to protein in food, treats or table scraps - easily frightened in strange places and run off - just as confused and frightened by unusual activity and increased anxiety as humans - pregnant at a very young age - bring great pleasure to people and can even be good for human health * can carry and pass parasites to people - parasites and pass parasites to people - zoonotic infections, that is, infections that are shared by people and pets - cause allergy and asthma problems * can cause problems for allergic patients in several ways - to allergic patients in several ways - contract rabies after having been bitten by an infected wild animal - contribute to longevity * can develop behavioural problems which can be distressing - skin rashes and sores when faced with black mold in their living quarters - disrupt feeding, nesting, and mating activities of wildlife - even be stolen-particularly birds and exotic or purebred animals * can get rabies by interacting with other animals that are infected - sugar diabetes just like people - greatly benefit from the use of herbal remedies * can have positive effects on residents of long-term care facilities - serious reaction - up to three growth stages * can help a sick person feel psychologically and even physically better - because they can cheer people up - ease the stress of caregivers - fill the void of loneliness - people with a variety of mental, emotional and physical disabilities - lose muscle mass, and gaining weight is common due to reduced activity levels - make a big difference in a single woman's life - meet emotional needs of children and others for love and affection - often have violent allegic reactions, and some pets actually get sick enough to die - play an important role during a child's early years * can provide children with companionship, responsibility, comfort and a lot of fun - emotional support at a time when it is most needed - significant benefits for families - reduce feelings of stress in humans - teach kids responsibility and empathy, and provide love and companionship - urinate and defecate while in the wheelchair * catch fleas * come in many different shapes and sizes and can bring tremendous happiness to ones life. * consume a lot salt when cleaning their feet. * decrease feelings of loneliness and increase feelings of intimacy and constancy. * depend on people for daily affection and attention * die every year as a result of airline negligence. * dietary resource for dogs and cats dedicated to proper pet nutrition. * digest food. * do require certain nutrients - well on similar nutrition as humans * drink stand water * even contribute to the development of self esteem. * experience most of the same eye conditions as humans. * experiencing anxiety can lose their appetites. * explore environments. * face certain death * free resource for pet owners and animal lovers. * frequently become very nervous when traveling and can suffer motion sickness as well. * fulfill many of the same support functions as humans for adults and children. * gain unhealthy weight - weight from a combination of being fed too much and receiving too little exercise * generally adapt well to blindness and remain happy, especially in a safe, familiar environment. * generate a feeling of well-being, a feeling of being loved - body heat from calories produced by food - people talking, and involved in their environment - tapeworms by eating an intermediate host like a mouse or flea * give children the chance to feel needed and to take care of another living thing - people pleasure and can quickly gain their affection * hate snakes. * have appetite - few options - great values - little chance of living out a full active life if they aren t getting proper nutrition - other common eye problems - pulses - specific problems - the right to good nutrition - their own forms of communication * help children feel secure in other ways - encourage acting responsible toward other beings - in the reduction of stress by improving the pet owner's psychological well being - parents teach children responsibility * include dogs. * includes brains - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * kept in humane shelters generally have intestinal worms. * lead to increased levels of social contact which in turn accounts for reductions in loneliness. * learn to obey their young masters which helps children learn to respect authority. * left unattended are easy victims for thieves who make money from trading animals. - our homes and share our environment humans - longer when their owners use preventative measures to protect their pets * may have effects * measures how intensely different parts of the brain use up glucose, oxygen, or other substances - much oxygen a particular part of the brain is using * might have allergies - food allergies * naturally guard their food, their babies, and their toys. * need air - fat diets - fluid - fresh air - healthy food - high fat diets - intravenous fluid - lower protein diets - vary diets * offer companionship, emotional intimacy, and feelings of well-being to their caretakers. * often become frightened and hide during an emergency, and sometimes become lost, or trapped - defecate into childrens sand boxes, which transfers the eggs into the sand - experience dry skin during the winter months - get into trouble because they have a strong urge to chew, especially when they are young * often have litters at inconvenient times and in unusual places - their litters in the middle of the night or in a place of their own choosing - to wait hours for their owners to return from work - reflect a mirror back to our diet, weight, and fitness level - sleep excessively during the first few days in the new home - threaten small wildlife * open mouths. * owned by singles and especially the elderly keep loneliness at bay. * permit their owners to be themselves so they can risk self-disclosure and form attachments. * play a major role in American life - an important role in our lives all year round * prefer to give birth in the quiet alone. * promote the health and happiness of millions of people. * provide a common bond for family members - companionship that form of intimacy * provide companionship, exercise and reduce stress - happiness, unconditional love, safety and are a great source of joy * provide many great benefits to human beings - psychological boosts, especially to people in difficult circumstances - owners with a sense of fulfillment and nurturing - physical contact and affection - relief from stress and loneliness through their unconditional loyalty and love - security, socialization, and unconditional affection - their owners with unconditional love and loyalty * provides health care guides for dogs and cats. * react differently to drugs under different circumstances - many plants * reduce the stress in their lives because they give their owners unconditional love. * require attention - food, water, exercise, grooming care and companionship every day of their life - maintenance - management - stimulation - time, attention, and money for proper care * respond to natural medicine in different ways. * running at large are more likely to be exposed to rabies. * seek shelter. * seem to be especially important for people who are ill. * sometimes travel long distances to return to an old home. * spend more time outdoors with pet parents during summer months - most of their time resting * stands for polyethylene terephthalate, a plastic resin and a form of polyester - posture, exercise, and time management * stay up for adoption as long as they remain physically and emotionally healthy. * stimulate exercise. * suffer brain injury and death if oxygen is cut off for only a few minutes. * suffering from flea bites can develop dermatitis, or inflammation of the skin. * tend to respond more quickly than people to nutrient supplements - very well to natural forms of medication * visit homes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| pet: Domestic pet * are completely dependent on their owners for their welfare - the most common cause of animal bites, and dogs are more likely to bite than cats * can also carry avian pathogens from one flock to the next - contract plague by eating infected animals or by being bitten by fleas - wipe out a wild population Neutered pet * are also less likely to bite, run away, or get into fights - calm, content and comfortable in their home environment - calmer and more content - easier to live with * are less likely to bite - mark furniture and rugs with urine - roam out into traffic or get injured in fights - run away, making themselves vulnerable - more loving and better tempered pets * tend to be more calmer and content - live longer, healthier lives, and tend to be better behaved and calmer Obese pet * can have high blood pressure and are at risk for heart disease. * have a reduced quality of life. Older pet * Many older pets benefit from specially formulated food that is designed with older bodies in mind - develop joint disabilities * are also more likely to slip on the ice and suffer a broken leg - less likely to spread disease or become ill themselves * become less active, and as a result their nails grow longer. * can also develop senility and simply be unaware that they are dribbling urine. * tend to be less active and often require less, or lower calorie food. Outdoor pet * are most at risk, and flea and tick treatments for pets also keep humans healthy. * bites Most bites from pets are from dogs or cats. * require extra calories to keep warm - more calories in the winter to generate energy to ward off the cold * use calories to generate heat in the wintertime. Overweight pet * are at risk for a variety of health problems - subject to many diseases and health problems * face the same medical problems as overweight humans. * have a difficult time shedding excess body heat in the summer months. * result from overeating and a lack of exercise. * suffer from arthritis more than their normal-weight counterparts. Pet imaging * PET imaging can provide information to pinpoint and evaluate diseases of the brain. * PET imaging is sensitive enough to detect cancer cells in lymph nodes smaller than one centimetre - used to localize motor and language areas Sterilized pet * are less likely to wander and get injured while looking for mates. * wander less and suffer fewer mood changes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Piglet * All piglets have their ears notched for identification shortly after they are born. * Most piglets have many more predators - pens - reach maturity - remain in pens * Some piglets die from injuries - of starvation - display very short front legs and others are taller but still have the dwarf traits - even have their ears pierced - feed with diets - get diseases * Some piglets have bands - stripes - stay in burrows * Some piglets use heat lamps * are able to play while staying in close proximity to their mother. * are born grayish-pink, becoming brown with yellow stripes along the body length - in the nest made of leaves * are born with stripes, which disappear in the first six months - very little body fat and have a very high death rate - fictional characters - pigs - young mammals * can see and walk as soon as they are born. * compete to survive from their moment of birth. - similar breathing and sleeping patterns to infants - time * includes brains - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * mature quickly and become sexually mature when they are about six months old. * normally grow about half their potential growth rate from birth to three weeks of age - weigh about one pound - thick cover for about seven days, but then accompany the sow * require water immediately after birth. * share homes. * stay in the nest for a few weeks, and then begin moving with the sow. * suckle about every hour. ### animal \| piglet: Affected piglet * Most affected piglets are only one to three days of age. * are stiff, have an erect tail, and facial muscle spasms. Planktonic animal * are notoriously sensitive to changes in water quality. * float and move around with the water. Poikilotherm * allocate more energy to biomass production than to metabolism. * are animals whose body temperature adjusts depending on the environment. * is an animal Poisonous animal * Some poisonous animals use bright coloring to warn their prey. * are different from venomous animals. Power animal * are an essential component of shamanic practice - spirit helpers that show themselves in the form of an animal - usually wild and occur repeatedly throughout a persons life * help to maintain balance and harmony in an individual life. Prairie animal * can go without water for a while because of the small amount of water. * escape the fire by running, flying or retreating to their burrows.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Predator * All predators have basically the same trait towards obtaining food. * Any predator species that lives naturally in an area inhabited by whitefly. * M any animals, especially humans, eat lobsters. * Many predators also employ other senses when hunting, such as smell or a lateral line system - feed on aphids * Many predators are digitigrade - part-time scavengers - well equipped to hunt beneath the surface of the sand * Many predators avoid children who have watchful parents that are active in their children's lives - shrews because of strong scent glands used to mark their territory - can move quickly to catch a fleeing creature - consume meadow voles - develop search images by perceptual learning - dine on multiple types of prey * Many predators eat only part of the prey, leaving the rest alive to continue growing - pocket gophers * Many predators feed on a variety of small mammals and other predators - pollen and nectar at such times * Many predators find poles difficult to climb - the otter, with their pungent scent glands, distasteful - have to learn how to quickly despatch prey by going for the throat - learn to avoid the species all together - lurk around nests to snatch eggs for food - scavenge too - strike to kill only on prey which move - take advantage of leopard frog prey - target the eggs, including reptiles * More predators kill more prey, which, along with food scarcity, decreases the population. * Most predators already exist at dangerously low levels - ambush prey - appear in water * Most predators approach potential prey * Most predators are giants compared to their prey - member of families - attack live animals - attract predators * Most predators avoid sea snakes - skunks, but domestic dogs, coyotes, badgers, and great-horned owls kill a few * Most predators avoid venomous sea snakes - become hunters - bite prey - bring down moose - capture prey - catch live prey - chase prey - compete for food * Most predators consume herbivores - large numbers - meat - native prey - organisms - phytoplankton * Most predators control reproduction - rodents - destroy pests - detect prey - develop skin * Most predators eat animals - aquatic creatures - chickens - dead animals - flesh - insects - meals - mice - muscle meat * Most predators eat other animals - small aquatic creatures - rabbits - rats - sheep * Most predators eat small animals - sparrows - squirrels * Most predators exhibit growth - preference - responses * Most predators expend energy - precious energy * Most predators feed on animals - bacteria - beetles - colorado potato beetles - fish - poisonous prey - follow prey * Most predators get animals * Most predators give birth to offspring - go after animals - grab prey - has-part teeth * Most predators have a very good sense of hearing - ability - alternative strategies - color vision - communities - enemies - eyes - feet - habits - heads - instinct - keen eyes - large prey - modes - natural enemies - population size - powerful legs - roles - sharp senses - sources - hide places * Most predators hunt other animals - wild prey - improve survival * Most predators inhabit areas - environments - marine environments - wood areas * Most predators invade areas - nest areas * Most predators kill animals - birds - carnivores - cattle - deer - gazelles - goats - prey animals - victims - wildlife * Most predators live in environments - habitats - oceans - stable environments - locate prey * Most predators look for easy meals - hot meals - maintain stability - move into areas * Most predators play critical roles - lead roles - major roles - pivotal roles - significant roles - pose threats * Most predators prefer juicy prey * Most predators prey on animals - graze herbivores - livestock - pigeons * Most predators prey upon animals - receive food * Most predators rely on eyes - surprise * Most predators require cool water - seek food * Most predators seek out live prey * Most predators seize animals * Most predators show little variation - stalk prey * Most predators steal eggs - steer clear of skunks, but overly curious dogs tend to be the worst offenders - strike prey - survive years * Most predators swim through open water * Most predators take down prey - small prey - tend to go after juveniles, while humans, it seems, tend to go after adults * Most predators threaten animals - plant life * Most predators use appendages - feed appendages - hunt techniques - sound - tongues - vocal sound - wait for prey * Some predator prey adapts to conditions. * Some predators acquire infection - actually mistake shoals for large fish and avoid attacking - affect biodiversity * Some predators approach armadillos - hagfishes - lizards * Some predators are located in Africa - specialists on bees, including honeybees - specialized in their choice of prey, others are generalists * Some predators avoid areas - detection * Some predators become food - porcupines - bite humans - bury food - capture starfishs * Some predators catch frogfishs - passenger pigeons - change their home ranges with the seasons to follow their prey - come from sea - compete for prey - construct burrows * Some predators consume meadow voles - plants - control growth - cross streets - deceive with advertising coloration * Some predators destroy nests - seed production - detect cuttlefishs * Some predators die in sea - dive into water - drive animals * Some predators eat adult iguanas - arthropods - babies - cicadas - clams - crabs - crickets - dormouses - frogs - giant squids - horses - jellyfish - lemmings - molluscs - mosquitoes - moths - mussels - oysters - parasites - people - shellfishes - shrimp * Some predators eat small birds - snails - springtails - valuable fish - vertebrates - wild birds - worms - young birds - emerge at nights * Some predators enter burrows - pasture * Some predators feast on little rodents * Some predators feed on aphids - bats - bugs - chinchillas - grass - lace bugs - larvae - mammal birds - mollusks * Some predators feed on other arthropods - terrestrial arthropods - pipistrelle bats - salt marsh cord grass - sea urchins - small insects - vegetation - wildebeests * Some predators feel backs * Some predators fill ecological niches - similar ecological niches - find mice * Some predators follow gazelles - optimal rules - give birth to animals - go to sea * Some predators grab badgers * Some predators have abundances - arms - bills - bumper crops - calves - chances - distribution - individuals - mosquitofishs - predator abundances - whales - widespread distribution - hide nests * Some predators hunt and kill live prey - burmese pythons - cheetahs - ducks - from the air - in packs - jackrabbits * Some predators inhabit bays - jungle - mix woodlands - surround jungle * Some predators invade chambers - farms - nest chambers - underground chambers * Some predators kill badgers - butterflies - caterpillars - chipmunks - close companions - elands - elk - embryos - foxes - koalas - large sauropods - lemurs - lions - members - tortoises - turkeys - leap into air * Some predators live in Florida - certain areas - cornfields - different areas - same areas - streams * Some predators live there too, including weasels - particularly weasels * Some predators make noise - pheromone - occur in orchards * Some predators perform functions - important functions * Some predators prefer eggs because they are high energy sources of food - are high-energy sources of food * Some predators prey on arctic hares - beavers - chicks - ermines - guppies - hammerheads - juvenile hammerheads - penguins - salmon - skinks - synapsids * Some predators pursue bats - larvae and pupae in the soil - release specific chemicals * Some predators rely on nutrients - replace teeth - require light - reside in shelter - shoot deer - spread diseases - stand on legs * Some predators steal animals - survive fire * Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration - american toads - target mice - think people with disabilities are the easiest victims of all * Some predators threaten birds - eagles - hives - monkeys - otters - seabirds - turtles - thrive in landscapes - use their tongues as effective weapons - walk on legs - watch dogs * actively seek and capture their prey - out their prey items * affect the life spans of mystery snails that live out in the wild, needless to say. * also can stress the birds and create a decrease in production - have the tools required for killing and eating prey - influence that nutrient transfer - kill a few prime age adults - roam in vans * are a very tiny minority of the people on the Internet - above all other organisms below it - also able to use patches to move and follow right along with their prey - always a concern with any age sheep, but young lambs are an easy target for coyotes * are an exciting and important part of a habitat - important part of any ecosystem, including the world that elk inhabit * are animals that depend on killing other animals outright - live by killing and consuming other animals - which hunt other animals for food - animals, such as tigers, who stalk and kill other animals for food - another factor that limit wood duck production - at the top of a food chain * are carnivores , which means their diet consists of meat - that feed on other organisms, and prey are the animals that are eaten - which typically search for and consume smaller prey - commonly generalists in their feeding preferences * are consumers that catch and eat other consumers for their food - catch, kill and eat other living things - coyotes, foxes, bobcats, martins, and large hawks - examples of consumers who catch and eat other animals - fast and a parrot knows instinctively that it needs to be faster or die - found at the next level of the food chain * are generally as large, or larger than the prey they feed on - bigger than their prey and kill the prey instantly - in our communities, our families, schools, and churches - insects or mites that eat pests - kind of like lightning - larger than the prey and are able to catch or overpower the prey relatively easily - leopards and man - less likely to go undetected when there are many eyes, ears and noses at work - likely to be owls, feral cats, Pacific giant salamanders, and large fish - mainly the large cats hyenas and hunting dogs - martins, bobcats, weasels, foxes, coyotes, goshawks, and great horned owls * are more conspicuous than parasites and their importance is generally appreciated more - important in regulating bark beetle populations than parasites - likely to move on in search of easy prey, they do tend to be impulsive - most likely to catch weak, injured, old or very young prey - often generalist natural enemies although a few types are specialized - opportunists, and prey on any species readily available * are organisms that consume other organisms-their prey - devour other living organisms for life-sustaining food - kill and feed on their prey outright - which eat other organisms for energy * are part of a food chain , the process of passing energy from one organism to the next - an ecosystem - plentiful, notably cheetahs, leopards, and unusually large prides of lions - possums, raccoons, skunks, coyotes, dogs and occasionally cats - raccoons, opossums, and large birds - seen as balance wheels in ecosystems * are the animals that eat prey - natural population control system in nature - tigers, leopards * are usually able to catch the weak, unlucky, old and sick - generalists and feed on a number of different pests * are usually larger than parasites - well suited for catching, killing, and eating their prey - weasels, raptors, coyotes, foxes and bobcats - wild animals that hunt, or prey on, other animals * attack and consume pests directly - giraffes - livestock and other domestic animals - nests and babies fall to the ground * attack, kill and eat prey. * avoid monarchs because they've learned they taste bad - out the best traits in a species which helps future generations * can affect prey populations through changes in traits that reduce predation risk. * can also snatch a male's train if they are roosting too low - threaten endangered species - attack a martin colony from the ground or the air * can be cats and dogs, and many types of wildlife - predacious as immatures, as adults, or both, depending on type - dig under it, cats can jump over it - function to keep pest population outbreaks from occurring * can have big impact - help significantly reduce vole populations * can include ducks, geese, chickens, other birds, or even cannibalistic snails - owls and possibly other large bat species - owls, snakes, raccoons, hawks, crows, or even squirrels - play multiple roles in a community - t eat an entire group * catch and eat their prey * chase herbivores * come from out of nowhere with lightening fast movements to kill the prey - nowhere, with lightning fast movements to kill their prey * come in all shapes and sizes - many sizes and shapes - into contact * concentrate in areas where there high concentration of organisms - concentration of prey - prey and limit prey numbers, which in turn limits predator numbers * control mice and squirrels * cull the weak and sick and poorly adapted - in others * depend on grazers and browsers and on other predators. * detect movement to locate prey * do damage - extensive damage - herbivores and each other * eat or destroy the eggs and even eat the hens - kill one or more insect pest directly - invertebrates and even fish * eats prey. * evolve elaborate systems to recognize their prey. * exert a major impact on the nest sites ospreys choose. - several techniques * exist everywhere, online and off. * feature skulls. - fly eggs and young larvae - other living organisms - their prey - the pest insect * follow prey, the wildlife biologists say * form strong, lifelong prey search images in their first year of foraging. * have a field day when emergence occurs - an unlimited capacity for increas - both direct and indirect effects on prey - breed habits - common interest - consequences * have different means of killing and eating porcupines - weapons that are used to kill and eat prey - difficulty - eyes that face forward - issues - limitless appetite - only to learn one pattern and fewer butterflies get eaten - stomachs * help control the size of their prey populations - to reduce the size of prey populations * hunt and kill other animals for food * hunting mode and habitat domain alter nonconsumptive effects in predator-prey interactions. * include animals - barn owls - bears - bottom dwell animals - cougars - dire wolves - gray wolves - great horn owls - lynxes - marsupial lions - mountain lions - owl birds - pacific salmon - snake birds - snow owls - cells - corpi * including raccoons, cats, snakes, blue jays, and crows eat the eggs and hatchlings. * increase their predation abilities by mimicking a harmless species. * induce cloning in echinoderm larvae. * insects actively hunt and feed on other insects, often preying on numerous species. * interact with prey, and prey interact with predators. - illustrated guide to predatory animals * keep herbivore populations in check. * kill and consume other organisms - deer in New Mexico each year - lots - many turkeys throughout the year - to eat, and to feed their own, nothing more * know it is often safer to attack an animal caught off guard. * learn faster if there are two unpalatable species that look the same - their responses to the defenses of prey - very fast to distinguish between edible and non-edible species * leave their kills the next morning to find shade as the temperature rises. * like to eat banana slugs at all stages of their lives. - the longest as a result of an extended incubation period * move in from surrounding savanna when flood waters recede and soil dries out * negatively influence duck recruitment in grassland ecosystems. * obviously benefit when they are able to capture, kill, and eat their prey. * often affect species other than their prey. * often feed on prey from different trophic levels, for example - weak or sick animals in an ecosystem - have eyes that are in front of the head - scavenge animals dead of other causes and livestock can disappear in other ways - switch their attentions according to the relative abundances of their prey species * outrun adults - healthy adults * play an important role in keeping twospotted spider mite populations in check * plays an important role in a food chain. - the weak, the sick, and the malnourished - weaker animals - weakness and insecurity * prosper wherever there is no watchful eye. * provide natural control of the pests. * quickly learn prey types and adapt to recognize prey and to avoid inedible species. * range from grizzly bears to foxes and include hawks and owls - the very large to the microscopic * react to the smell that comes out of the sap excretion at the back, the honeydew. * represent a small but important fraction of benthic communities in rivers of all sizes - yet another significant source of biological selection pressures in the tropics - frontal vision * roam plateaus. * run rampant, destroying everything they touch. * scat often contains large amounts of hair and bones from the prey. * select, chase, and consume prey until satiated. * selectively graze reproductive structures in a clonal marine organism. * serve a valuable function to keep prey species in balance with their habitat. * soon learn to avoid the bright colors of the monarch caterpillars and butterflies. * spend the winter as adults hiding in leaf litter in woods around fields. * start by choosing the parents. * stay away from mimics, thinking they are the poisonous animals they look like. * strengthen prey. * strike more often, as deer poaching and overharvesting outside the farms reduce wild prey * swallow prey. * tend to do very well in a structured environment. * tend to have larger brains than their prey, relative to body size * tie on neckerchiefs. * to catch prey. * travel greater distances or hunt for longer hours. * try to hunt and kill. * typically give skunks a wide berth unless little other food is available. - the Internet to contact victims and display their abuse of women and children * usually capture the old, crippled, sick, or very young animals - count on surprise in order to capture prey - feed on insects smaller than themselves, ingesting one or more for a single meal - have to hit a single target to make a kill - hunt the ill, injured, old or young because they're easier to catch * vary according to the movement of the herbivores. * want prey. * wear pinnies. + Defence against predators, Secondary defences, Methods: Co-evolution :: Ecology * Many predators strike to kill only on prey which move. That includes cats, lizards and mantids. A number of insects play dead when attacked. Some larger animals also do this, like the American Opossum. What playing dead does is avoid releasing the predator's inherited killing behaviour. + Vertebrate brain, Brain size, Mammals * Averaging across all mammals, it follows a power law, with an exponent of about 0.75.Armstrong E 1983. This formula applies to the average brain of mammals but each family departs from it, reflecting their sophistication of behavior. For example, primates have brains 5 to 10 times as large as the formula predicts. Predators tend to have larger brains. When the mammalian brain increases in size, not all parts increase at the same rate. The larger the brain of a species, the greater the fraction taken up by the neocortex. Developmental structure in brain evolution.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator: Aerial predator * Most aerial predators eat mammals. * take nestlings, eggs, or even adults in flight. Apex predator * affect prey species' population dynamics. * are at the top of the food chain and have few or no natural predators - super killers - the final link in the food chain * play an important role in keeping ecosystems in check. * prey upon healthy animals and thus ensure diversity and control populations. Aphid predator * Some aphid predators feed on nectar. * lay eggs near aphid colonies, which hatch and begin feeding on aphids. Aquatic predator * Most aquatic predators live in environments - stable environments * Some aquatic predators feed on insects. Beneficial predator * Some beneficial predators eat aphids. * Some beneficial predators feed on insects - other insects	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator: Carnivore * All carnivores eat it but find it difficult to catch. * All carnivores have anal glands which are used to varying degrees in many species for scent marking - forward facing eyes, like man - sharp canine teeth designed for removing flesh from carcasses * Many carnivores are nocturnal because it is during the night that their intended prey is active - part-time scavengers - scavenger s, creatures that eat the meat of dead animals, or carrion - can run rather fast, even if only for a short while - eat herbivores - feed upon the pika - grab their prey in their mouths - have a well-developed penis bone, or baculum - remain in and defend a single territory * Most carnivores acquire energy. * Most carnivores adapt to diets - herbivorous diets * Most carnivores are animals , but a few fungi, plants, and protists are as well - animals, but plants and fungi can be carnivores also - either a kind of dog or a kind of cat - known as carnivores - scavengers when given the opportunity - terrestrial or climbing animals * Most carnivores become feeders - hosts - belong to families - can have children after one or two years - chew bones - compete for resources * Most carnivores consume fish - small mammals - defend territory - dominate ecosystems * Most carnivores eat animal prey - aquatic animals - eaters - infect animals - meals - mice - molluscs - organisms * Most carnivores eat other animals - proteins - rats - rodents - salmon - small animals - victims - evolve as predators - feast on herbivores * Most carnivores feed on animal prey - arthropods - immobile animals - live prey * Most carnivores feed on other arthropods - small arthropods * Most carnivores feed on small animal prey - find food - get energy - grab prey * Most carnivores has-part bones - brains - guts - incisors - jaws - legs - limbs - livers * Most carnivores have backs - coats - heads - large jaws - pharyngeal jaws - relatively large brains and high levels of intelligence - requirements - scent glands - senses - sharp teeth - special requirements * Most carnivores kill animal prey - livestock * Most carnivores live in aquatic habitats * Most carnivores live on diets - love food - obtain nutrients * Most carnivores possess blood - features - interaction * Most carnivores prey on animals - deer - protect territory * Most carnivores rely on animals - prey animals * Most carnivores require food - water * Most carnivores seek prey * Most carnivores survive periods - warm periods * Most carnivores take care of and protect a territory that they live in * Most carnivores use energy - sound * Most carnivores walk on feet * Some carnivores are scavengers - very dangerous to be around - consume fruit * Some carnivores dominate forests - worlds * Some carnivores eat antelopes - cats - cows - dinosaurs - dogs - grubs - mosquitoes - rabbits - small antelopes - snails - snakes - squirrels - the animals that eat the plants, and some eat other carnivores - weasels * Some carnivores feed on annelid worms - mollusks - primary carnivores - small insects - form social groups that facilitate hunting and the rearing of young * Some carnivores have claws - functions - lobes - prehensile tails - roles - short intestines - single lobes - snouts - spots - stripes - various stripes - white stripes * Some carnivores hunt alone - small rodents - inhabit tundra * Some carnivores kill caribou - sheep * Some carnivores live in Argentina - Madagascar - cages - packs - savanna - the water - pose threats - possess eggs * Some carnivores prey on hartebeests * Some carnivores provide ecosystem services - resemble foxes - result in death - seize prey - specialize in hunting one type of organism - starve to death - transmit diseases - use sound to communicate their location, territory , and alarm - walk on toes * absorb almost twice as much energy per unit mass. * also have a strong zygomatic arch and a relatively large braincase - require space and lots of it * always go for extremities like the feet, the hands, the head. * are a good place to start - type of heterotrough that obtains energy by eating other animals * are also able to utilize animal fat - well catered for * are animals that consume the flesh and meat of other animals, for food - eat meat * are animals that eat only meat * are animals that eat other animals, like wolves, foxes or lions * are animals that feed on other animals - second order heterotrophs - at the top of the food web because they are meat eaters - basically meat eaters - concerned with assaulting others - considered secondary consumers because they eat other animals, eg, a hawk * are consumers which eat animals or other consumers - who eat herbivores or other carnivores - creatures that eat meat - designed to eat animal tissue - easier than omnivores, and both are easier than herbivores * are fairly intelligent animals and most have relatively large brains - with well-developed brains - flesh-eating animals, like lions - mammals that eat other animals * are meat eaters, generally requiring live foods - meat-eaters - oft such as speed agility, speed, sharp claws and specialized teeth - often the top predators in an area - one part of a food chain - placentals - relatively long-lived mammals, with most species living at least a decade * are secondary consumers as they eat the primary consumers as their source of food - consumers, they eat other animals - solitary or associate in pairs or small groups * are the animals that get their energy from eating other animals - organisms that feed on herbivores or other carnivores - third trophic level - third trophic level of the food web, along with omnivores - tiger, leopard, large-tooth cat, hyena, wild dog, bear, otter, and civet - to nutrients what cacti are to water - too large to be eaten * are usually at the top of the food chain - blind and helpless at birth and they are covered with hair - very important in the foodchain * attack prey. * bite bones * can also consume carnivores and occupy the forth trophic level, and so on - eat herbivores or they can eat other carnivores - live only where they can catch their food * catch fish. * come in all shapes and sizes - into conflict with man for a wide variety of reasons * commonly live at high population densities, and have high intrinsic growth rates. * consume animals * consume other animals - protein which is easier to digest so less energy is used up * continue to eat flesh. * depend on herbivores and other animals to survive. * derive water from their prey's meat and blood. * die when their prey dies out. * do love to sink their teeth into something. - regions - herbivores and so on - herbivores, like a zebra,elephant, or antelope - mainly meat, herbivores only eat vegetation and omnivores both - meat like owls do - only meat, of course, which means they eat other mammals that live on plants * eat only other animals to survive * eat other animals, thereby consuming the sun's energy indirectly from the herbivores - their neighbors and bow to their inextricable part in nature * enjoy filling turkey sandwiches and comfort foods like chicken chili. * exhibit brains. * feed more rapidly when food is scarce and competition is high, often consuming bone. * generally eat herbivores , but can eat omnivores , and occasionally other carnivores - live on land, but some spend part of nearly all of their time in water * get a large supply of calories at each kill - nutrition from eating other animals * grasp prey. * have a full set of teeth - lust to kill - shorter intestine than an ominvore - tremendous time advantage in small ephemeral pools - very simple digestive tract because meat is easy to digest - wide mouth opening in relation to their head size - worldwide distribution, from tundra to rain forest, on all continents - four or five clawed digits on each limb - much more acidic stomachs and saliva than do herbivores - polygynous, polygynandrous, and monogamous mating systems - powerful jaws and complex teeth, and most are highly intelligent * have sharp teeth that are good for tearing meat - sharp, narrow teeth that are better for biting and tearing flesh - the inverse teeth description * hunt for food - in packs * include carnivores - land carnivores * includes cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * keep the smaller animals from becoming too numerous and crowding the pond. * kill and eat other animals * live all over New Mexico - high on the food chain * live in a wide range of habitats and niches * move by walking, running, shuffling, or using a bouncing gait. * obtain energy from animals * obviously feed off the herbivores and then carnivores finally feed off carnivores. * only eat meat. * patrol the pond in a solitary fashion searching for their next meal. * predatory animal * present unique challenges for both research and management. * prey on animals, herbivores consume plants - herbivores and make up the secondary and tertiary consumers in the food web - herbivores, who in turn are preyed upon by omnivores - upon herbivores, which sometimes unite in successful resistance - usually on a variety of different animals within their habitat * primarily eat meat, herbivores primarily eat plants and omnivores eat both. * rank high on the scale of intelligence among mammals. * roam earth. * share habitats. * sleep the most, herbivores the least, and omnivores in the middle. * swallow food - to much in from diet * then eat herbivores. * traditionally are the shortest-lived animals in nature - live the shortest lives across the board in nature * typically break open bones with their scissor like cheek teeth. * typically have a diet of meat only, and herbivores tend to eat only plant matter - only one stomach chamber and a simple digestive system - scent markings, vocalizations, posture and facial expressions to communicate * usually have lean, fast moving bodies, good for running down or overpowering prey - live in groups to hunt food down ie herbivores * vary greatly in size and appearance - from less than a pound to nearly two tons - weight and size from less than a pound to nearly two tons	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore: Black cat * are creatures of good fortune - military units * cross paths. * has religious origins as well. * have a long history of association with evil. * look for dinner. * tend to go unnoticed. Canid * are a group of carnivores that includes dogs, wolves, foxes, coyotes, jackals - the most vocal of the carnivores, having a variety of barks, howls and whines - typically fast runners, and are able to sustain high speeds over long distances * have deep-chested bodies and a long muzzle. * only have four toes.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| canid: Domestic dog * All domestic dogs appear ultimately to have been derived from the wolf - are descended from a single species, but there is now a great variety * Most domestic dogs are descended from the wolf, and so are varieties within the species wolf - wolves - eat food * Most domestic dogs have sharp teeth - show patterns * Some domestic dogs come into heat. * Some domestic dogs descend from gray wolves - grey wolves * Some domestic dogs kill cassowaries - raccoons - skunks - live in villages - suffer from anemia * Some domestic dogs transmit diseases - human diseases * are ancestors of the grey wolf - descended from wolves - different breeds within the same canine species - found in association with humans worldwide and in a wide variety of habitats - polygamous in contrast to wolves that are generally monogamous * can be active at any time of the day or night - reproduce at approximately six month intervals, though usually less frequently * carry and transmit human diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. * come in a bewildering variety of shapes and sizes. * domestic animal * have lots of time to lick a wound, causing it to grow - three lower, but only two upper molars * kill dozens of people each year. * shape the landscape-scale distribution of a threatened forest ungulate. * share behavior.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| canid: Hyaena * are intelligent creatures - known to have one of the world 's strongest bites * live in clans defending their territory against other clans. * walk much like bears because their front legs are longer than their back. Hyaenas are known to have one of the world's strongest bites. Its function is to crush bone. + Hyaena, Hunting: Feliformia * Hyaenas are intelligent creatures. They work together well and are cooperative. They have strategic hunting methods and work to steal and protect it from other predators. Hyaenas main targets are Zebra and Wildebeest. Their main rival is the lion. Whether hyaenas do or do not chase lions off their kills is mostly a matter of numbers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| canid \| hyaena: Spotted hyena * Spotted Hyenas have powerful forequarters with a strong neck and jaws - the most complex social structure of ANY non-primate species - make a lot of noises and sounds * are a matriarchal society, where adult female hyenas dominate the adult male hyenas - adept hunters in their own right, preying on reptiles, birds and even wee bugs - big on scavenging - born with eyes wide open and teeth intact, ready for action - famed scavengers and often dine on the leftovers of other predators - found in grasslands, woodlands, savannas, subdeserts, forest edges and mountains - gregarious carnivores that live in social groups called clans - hunters and scavengers - mammals - night animals - the largest of three hyena species * can tell which individual makes the whoop. * do almost everything together in packs. * dominate brown hyenas. * has a negative reputation in both Western culture and African folklore. * have distinctive vocalizations - good hearing and sharp eyesight at night * is the largest species of all hyenas and it has a greater stamina. * play a major role in Africa. * reach sexual maturity at the age of three years. * take their kills at every opportunity. * will hunt with up to 2-5 other hyenas. They will run around herds of animals and choose one to attack. After they have selected their prey, they will chase them for a long time. Humans have seen spotted hyenas since the Upper Paleolithic period. At the time, they used paintings in caves to describe what they saw. Spotted hyenas has a negative reputation in both Western culture and African folklore. In African folklores, spotted hyenas are described as ugly and scared animals. In Western culture, they are seen as greedy, stupid, foolish, powerful and a dangerous animal.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| canid \| hyaena: Striped hyena * are a bit smaller than spotted and brown hyenas and are the least studied - born with adult markings, closed eyes and small ears - nocturnal and less likely to be seen than the spotted hyena - now extremely rare due to hunting and habitat destruction * fight within groups, sometimes killing group members. * have broad heads with large eyes, thick set muzzles, and large, pointed ears - long hair that is gray to straw-colored * live alone except when they have cubs. * live in Africa and Asia, but the other three hyena species only live in Africa - East Africa and across North Africa - off of carrion and are often hit by vehicles while eating road kill * range from northern Africa to southern Siberia.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| canid: Wild dog * Most wild dogs avoid predation - cause death * Most wild dogs have bellies - white bellies * Most wild dogs live in environments - rainforest environments - resemble jackals * Some wild dogs eat deer - fruit - livestock - small livestock - move at nights - prefer prey * Some wild dogs suffer contraction - range contraction * act a lot like pet dogs. * are canines - endangered, they usually hunt in packs - highly social, occurring in packs of up to twenty animals - located in zoos - one of only three mammals in South Africa that are endangered - relatively easy to research once sighted because of their distinctive coat patterns - social animals - specialized pack hunters * are the main predators of adult goats and appear to affect feral goat distribution - wombat's primary predator - useful as cullers of the old, sick, or injured of other species - vulnerable to the diseases of domestic dogs from nearby human communities * choose to live in packs. * concentrate on 'easy' prey, mainly the young, sick and old. * consume meat. * eat very little muscle meat. * fall victim to snaring, shooting, and speeding vehicles on roadways. * generic term referring to a genus which includes the dingo. * greet one another through vocalizations, body posture, and licking. - enemies - four digits on each foot - many enemies - strong jaws with sharp teeth, including long canine teeth which tear flesh * kill a great many game animals, as also wikl pig - only for food - mostly in arid zones and in the savanna * lose their hair. * prefer areas. * take roles. ### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| canid \| wild dog: Raccoon dog * are fox-like in build , but with shorter legs and tail - monogamous animals, with pair formations usually occurring in autumn - the only canids known to hibernate * tend to live in pairs. + Raccoon Dog, Physical description: Mammals of Asia :: Canids * Raccoon dogs are fox-like in build, but with shorter legs and tail. They have a dark patch on the side of the face, similar to a raccoon's facial markings.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| felid: Big cat * Most big cats can pull with five times as much force as the same weight of human athletes - die of injuries * Most big cats have claws that they use to grip and tear - stripes - tongues - vision * Most big cats kill large prey - produce milk - remain with mothers - require diets - tend to prey * Some big cats lead stressful life - live in habitats - prey on animals * Some big cats prey on large animals - hoof animals * are carnivores - crepuscular, which means they feed at dusk and dawn in particular - felines - more likely to jump a small child or small adult simply because of their size * can explore other cat habitats, pick up on the scents present, and mark territory. * can, in turn, kill humans and their cattle and become competitors for food and space. * explore habitats. * have areas - cords in their voice boxes that vibrate more, making bigger sounds * need areas - large areas * tend to kill prey by suffocation	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore: Honey badger * Most honey badgers become predators - climb trees - eat meat * Most honey badgers have anal glands * Most honey badgers have sharp teeth * Most honey badgers have short legs - sturdy legs - skin - thick skin * Most honey badgers live in burrows * Most honey badgers survive in habitats - various habitats - years * Some honey badgers attack hives - consume vegetables * Some honey badgers eat mice - snakes - venomous snakes - exhibit patterns - feed on berries - get diets * Some honey badgers have diets - huge ranges - sides - kill chickens - live in dens - possess pouches * are able to feed on tortoises without difficulty , due to their powerful jaws - carnivorous - generalist carnivores with an extremely wide diet - good swimmers and can climb trees - mammals - reputed to go for the scrotum when attacking large animals - smart animals and are one of few species able to use tools - the largest terrestrial mustelids in Africa * can grunt, squeak, hiss, and whine, and are known for their deep and ominous growl. * exhibit distinctive diet pattern of the weasel family. * get honey. * has muscular body and strong legs with five toes on front and back feet - very sharp teeth - appetite - the least specialised diet among mustelids * is able to chase away lions from their prey and to attack bee hive of killer bees - active both during the day and night - territorial and solitary animal * live alone in self-dug holes. * mammal that belongs to the family of weasels. * release a potent scent when severely threatened. * travel singly or in pairs. + Honey Badger, Behavior, Diet * Honey badgers have the least specialised diet among mustelids. In undeveloped areas, honey badgers may hunt at any time of the day, though they become nocturnal in places with high human populations. When hunting, honey badgers trot with their fore-toes turned in, moving at the same speed as a young man. Despite their name, honey badgers mostly eat meat, and will take any sort of animal food at hand, including carrion, small rodents, birds, eggs, insects, lizards, tortoises and frogs. They will eat fruit and vegetables such as berries, roots and bulbs. * They may hunt frogs and rodents such as gerbils and ground squirrels by digging them out of their burrows. Honey badgers are able to feed on tortoises without difficulty, due to their powerful jaws. They kill and eat snakes, even highly venomous or large ones. They have dug up human corpses in India. They devour all parts of their prey, including skin, hair, feathers, flesh and bones, holding their food down with their forepaws. When seeking vegetable food, they lift stones or tear bark from trees - Habits: Mustelids :: Mammals of Africa :: Mammals of Pakistan :: Fauna of Asia * Honey badgers live alone in self-dug holes. They do not place bedding into the nesting chamber. Although they usually dig their own burrows, they may take over aardvark and warthog holes that are no longer being used, or termite mounds Large carnivore * Most large carnivores eat animals - dead animals - kill livestock - prey on deer * Some large carnivores have functions. * Some large carnivores provide ecosystem services * can get loose and attack people, as cougars and wolf hybrids are wont to do.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore: Mustelid * All mustelids have anal glands with powerful musk. * Many mustelids bear two or more young at a time, but Enhydra lutris seems to never twin - use the secretions of their anal glands as a defensive measure * Most mustelids are solitary, nocturnal animals, and are active year-round. * Some mustelids have a slender body and a flexible backbone. * are a group of carnivores that includes skunks, martens, badgers, otters, and minks - morphofunctionally diversified group - also common in Africa and South America - distributed throughout the world, except for Madagascar and Australasia - either nocturnal or diurnal and often shelter in crevices, burrows, and trees - mainly flesh eaters - the largest family in the order carnivora - very carniverous and thus predatory * have a huge impact on New Zealand s native species - five toes on their feet and their claws can be retracted by some species - thick fur that consists of a dense under coat and a less dense outer coat - well-developed anal scent glands wich produce a potent repellent smell * move about on their digits, or partly on their digits and partly on their soles. * occupy a variety of habitats. * often sit on their haunches to look around. * sometimes kill poultry, but they also help to keep rodents in check. * vary greatly in size and behaviour. Numerous carnivore * roam the area, including grizzly and black bears. * share habitats. Other carnivore * attack prey. * hunt in packs. * prey on carnivores. Predatory carnivore * Most predatory carnivores eat fish. * Most predatory carnivores have jaws - large jaws - pharyngeal jaws * Some predatory carnivores feed on worms. Procyonid * Most procyonids shelter in hollow trees, on large branches, or in rock crevices. * are hunted for their meat and fur, or killed as pests. * eat what is available, including carrion, depending on season, locale, and availability. ### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| procyonid \| civet cat: Bearcat * civet cat * have a very sensitive nose, much like a dog.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| procyonid: Giant panda * Most giant pandas drink water. * Most giant pandas eat bamboo plants - feed on bamboo * Most giant pandas have bones - coats - food - front paws - heads - heavy bones - large molar teeth - legs - white coats - live for years * Most giant pandas occupy fragment habitats - reach ages * Most giant pandas survive on diets - herbivorous diets * Some giant pandas eat bamboo * Some giant pandas have body shapes * Some giant pandas reach maturity - sexual maturity * are a native to central-western and south western china - solitary species and generally try to avoid one another - about the size of an American black bear - also popular zoo exhibits attracting many people * are among the most popular and rare endangered species in the world - rarest mammals in the world * are an endangered species - exception among the placental mammals - bear-like in shape with striking black and white markings - bears that are native to China, where they are considered a national treasure - biologically unique - black and white bears that live in temperate-zone bamboo forests in central China * are by far the rarest members of the bear family - nature solitary animals - closer to the bear family, while the red pandas are closer to the raccoon family - considered to be one of the world's most endangered species - critically endangered in the wild * are generally solitary, each adult having a well-defined home range - highly endangered - now so rare that even in their homeland of China few exist outside of zoos - one of the cutest animals in the world - perhaps the most unusual of the world's eight species of bears - popular zoo animals, but they are extremely difficult to breed - rare and are protected by law in China - solitary mammals, preferring to spend their days moving about in search of bamboo - white and black * do occasionally vocalize when playing. - lots of bamboo - no meat at all and survive on a diet that consists exclusively of plants - virtually every part of the bamboo plant except the roots and barely chew at all * eating bamboo The giant panda is an endangered species. * exhibit a peculiar evolutionary adaptation known as delayed implantation - another peculiar evolutionary adaptation known as delayed implantation * face survival. * get a lot of water from the bamboo they eat. * grip long bamboo stems with their claws and a long wrist bone that acts like a thumb. * have a distinctive appearance - thumb pad on the hand - appetite - features - forepaws, which are extremely flexible * have large molar teeth and strong jaw muscles for crushing tough bamboo - in zoos in China, the United States, Mexico, Japan, Germany, and North Korea * live only in China and feed mainly on bamboo - the mountainous bamboo forests in China * mate only once a year, producing at most two cubs, only one of which usually survives. * move on all four legs. * need water. * prefer a diet of various bamboo species - to live a solitary life * provide fertilizer for the world's most expensive green tea. - breeding maturity between four and eight years of age * rely heavily on their sense of smell. * search for food. * signify aggression by lowering their heads and staring at their opponents. * spend their lives eating bamboo and walking around the forest floor. * start to breed late, and then usually rear just one young every two years. + Giant panda, Appearance: Ursidaes * Giant pandas are bears. They have fur. Their fur is black and white. The black fur is on their ears. They have black fur around their eyes. They have black fur on their legs. * Giant pandas are about the size of an American black bear. They are about tall at the shoulder when they are standing on all four legs. They are about long. Males weigh up to in the wild. Females usually weigh less than - Endangered animal * Giant pandas eat bamboo. Sometimes the bamboo dies off. At one time, pandas could move to an area where bamboo was still growing. Moving has become more and more difficult. People are living and working in panda areas. Pandas cannot move about as freely as they once did - Food and water * Giant pandas get a lot of water from the bamboo they eat. They need more water though. They drink from the fresh water streams and rivers in the mountain. Melting snow high in the mountains runs into these streams and rivers	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| procyonid: Panda bear * Most panda bears sleep in habitats. * Some panda bears develop molars - have thumbs * are animals - endangered because of human encroachment into their habitat * are endangered species native to China - that are native to China - from the rugged terrain of the mountains of Southwestern China - herbivores - located in zoos - nocturnal animals - peaceful creatures that spend their days in their homeland eating bamboo - quadrupeds * eat a lot of grass and they eat bamboo - over fifteen different kinds of bamboo * like to be alone.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| procyonid: Racoon * also like to make prey of flying squirrels. * are primarily nocturnal creatures which are most active at dawn and dusk - the primary mammal found on the islands, and dolphins can be seen in the area waters * can cause severe damage to trees - get into a chicken coop and kill a flock very quickly * frequently predate nests, and hatchlings are vulnerable to other predators. * have rings around their tails and a habit of washing their food in water before eating it. * look for fish, crayfish, frogs, turtles, and turtle eggs.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore \| procyonid: Red panda * Most red pandas are classified in families. * Most red pandas eat bamboo leaves - shoots - tender shoots * Most red pandas have bones - molars - teeth - wrist bones - live in climates * Some red pandas eat bamboo. * Some red pandas have bushy tails - long periods - metabolism - slow metabolism - toes - live in mountains - share common ancestors * are a solitary species, and only interact during the mating season - also excellent climbers, and they have strong, curved claws - cavity nesters, using rock dens and old hollow trees - considered by many to be living fossils - endangered, victims of deforestation - hunted for their pelts, which are made into fur capes and hats - mammals - very skillful and acrobatic animals that predominantly stay in trees * climb well, using trees for shelter, to escape predators and sunbathe in the winter. * do eat some meat. - bamboo, honey, grass, vines, other plants, and some meat - mostly bamboo leaves and shoots, acorns, and flowers * favor remote, high altitude bamboo forests. * feed mainly on bamboo, fruits and acorns. * have a mild, non-aggressive disposition - five toes that are widely separated and semi-retractable claws * have many characteristics in common with raccoons - different behaviors - taste * inhabit bamboo forests of Asia * prefer temperate forests. * roam the Eastern Himalayas. * share habitats. * spend most of their time in trees. Ratel * feed on wild bee grubs, eggs and young of birds, small mammals and reptiles. * have distinct, unique markings. * travel singly or in pairs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore: Sea otter * Most sea otters eat sea urchins - have teeth - live along the Asiatic and North American coasts of the Pacific Ocean * Some sea otters have blubber - effects * are abundant and the fjord favorite summer ground for humpback whales. * are also a keystone species in coastal kelp forest ecosystems - common along the coast - incredibly cool because of they way they feed - indicators of the health of that ecosystem - one of the few mammals other than primates known to use tools - among only a handful of animals known to use tools on a regular basis while feeding * are an apex predator of the nearshore ecosystem - indicator of the health of the nearshore marine ecosystem - anemoneters - as smart as dogs, and, unfortunately, as trusting - considerably more aquatic and live in the ocean for most of their lives - diurnal, although they tend to take a nap around mid-day - efficient predators, eating almost any invertebrate or fish they can find and catch - equally active both night and day - especially vulnerable to the effects of exposure to oil - expert divers - extremely aquatic - fortunate in that they have few natural predators - generally diurnal - hunters of clams , sea urchins and other shelled creatures - important because they help control the sea urchins which feed on kelp - mammals, and therefore breathe air - members of the weasel family - meticulously clean - neither friendly nor unfriendly, they are simply wild animals - one of the rare mammals who use tools - playful and intelligent animals - polygynous, meaning that males have multiple female partners - predators, meaning they hunt and consume other animals for food - prey for orca - probably the most familiar and best-loved animals in Monterey Bay - sea mammals - the largest member of the weasel family and the smallest marine mammal * are the largest members of the weasel family in North America - major predators of sea urchins - most abundant marine mammal in the area of the Valdez oil spill * are the only carnivores with just two pairs of incisors in the lower jaw - otters to give birth in the water - smallest marine mammal and are most closely related to river otters * are the smallest of marine mammal species - tool-users - truly remarkable animals to observe - very vulnerable to oil contamination - well adapted to live in shallow waters along the mainland - wild animals, which means their behavior towards humans can be unpredictable * breed throughout the year. * can spend their entire lives in the ocean, where they mate and give birth. * compete with octopus for both bivalves and crabs and sea otters also prey on octopuses. * conserve heat when resting by keeping their paws and hindflippers up out of the water. * consume a wide variety of benthic invertebrates. * depend on kelp forests day and night - their clean , water-resistant fur for insulation against the cold * dive to gather food from the ocean floor in relatively shallow water - hide from predators and to retrieve food * dive to the ocean floor for food * eat a wide variety of seafood - quite a lot * eat sea urchins and other grazers of kelp - sea urchins eat kelp - urchin, which eat plants - urchins and other invertebrates * eat urchins, and urchins eat kelp - so with fewer otters, the urchin population increased * eat, sleep, mate and have their pups in the water. * enjoy eating sea urchins. * exert strong control on kelp forest food webs. * face predation by killer whales, sea lions, and sharks. * feed on invertebrates. * feed on sea urchins, which are herbivores of kelps - in turn feed on kelp * find prey along rocky shores, on sandy seafloors and in sloughs and estuaries. * float on their backs to eat and use tools such as rocks, to pry prey from objects. * frolic in Sitka sound. * have a strong sense of smell and good eyesight above and below water. * have a very good sense of smell - specific life history - broad appeal to a worldwide audience - hind feet that are webbed, they use the feet for swimming - one of the thickest fur coats in the animal kingdom - over one millions hairs per square inch on their body * have paddle-shaped hind legs - limbs, whereas the river otter s are webbed - slender body with rectangular arms and legs - small dexterous forefeet with retractile claws - teeth with a flat, broad surface area for crushing sea urchins and shellfish * have the densest fur of any mammal, with up to one million hairs per square inch - longest fur of all otters, but length varies greatly with location on the body - thickest fur of any mammal - thick brown fur that traps air and keeps their skin dry - to stay active to stay warm * increase diversity and productivity. * inhabit the immense and spectacular coastal waters of Alaska. * lack scent glands. * like to eat sea urchins, which in turn eat kelp and other seaweeds. * live along the coasts of the northern Pacific. * live in casual groups called rafts - cold, coastal waters - loose-knit groups called rafts - shallow coastal waters off the northern Pacific * live in the Northern Pacific Ocean in mostly Alaskan waters - kelp forests off the coast of the western United States - nearshore marine ecosystem, which consists of rocky shores and kelp forests - open ocean for most of their lives * maintain kelp forests in the ocean by preying on kelp-grazing sea urchins - the overall biodiversity of the kelp forest community * mate at all times of the year. * prefer the temperate climate. * prey on urchins. * pry open shellfish in various ways. * represent a valuable reminder of the interdependency of ecosystems. * sleep at sea, floating on their backs on the surface - together floating on the top of the water * sleep, rest, and usually swim on their backs. * spend alot of time floating on their backs - most of their time in the water - several hours a day grooming their fur to keep it clean and fluffed full of air * swim to the ocean floor to search for abalone. * tend to be size-selective feeders, feeding on the largest organisms in the area first. * thrive in kelp forests too. * turn out to be vital to the ecosystem in Alaska. * use rocks to crack open the spiny shells of sea urchins - crush food like clams - rocks, other shellfish, or man-made objects to pry prey from rocks - the kelp forests to eat, sleep, mate, and hide from predators	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator \| carnivore: Small carnivore * Most small carnivores eat rats - feed on animals - find food * Most small carnivores have ears - heads<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore: Spotted skunk * Spotted Skunks have several dens which they use at different times of the year. * are about half that size with white spots instead of stripes - good climbers and are faster and more agile than striped skunks - largely nocturnal and are active all year * are more agile than striped skunks - efficient than striped skunks as predators - much more active and alert than any of the other skunks - omnivorous - quite playful with each other, even as adults - smaller with white spots or streaks * can sometimes climb into wall spaces and find their way into attics. * consume large numbers of insects and small mammals. * do handstands before they spray. * have few predators except the great horned owl. * prefer dens under or in old buildings. * protect themselves by spraying a strong and unpleasant scent. * tend to have a smaller home range.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator \| carnivore: Striped skunk * Striped Skunks begin their breeding season. * are about the same size as a house cat - almost exclusively nocturnal - docile and often ignore other animals, except during the breeding season * are easily distinguishable by their coloration pattern - pattern and the color of their fur - family oriented - mammals - nocturnal, but start hunting in late afternoon - short, stocky mammals about the size of a domestic house cat - solitary and primarily nocturnal * are the most abundant in the state - of the four species - common skunks both in Georgia and throughout the United States - usually solitary animals, meaning that they live alone * breed in late winter or early spring. * can destroy a significant number of waterfowl nests. * eat a large amount of insects. * have few natural enemies - small, triangular-shaped heads, short ears and black eyes * leave their dens in the late afternoon or early evening and forage most of the night. * live in burrows, under buildings or in almost any dry place. * serve as an important source of insect control. Suricate * are typical to the Kalahari. * give birth and raise their young in their burrows. Top carnivore * Most top carnivores eat organisms - have diets * Most top carnivores survive periods - warm periods * Some top carnivores eat weasels - have roles * are animals that eat other carnivores - rare animals in any ecosystem Carnivorous predator * Most carnivorous predators eat prey - feed on bacteria - hunt other animals * Most carnivorous predators prey on graze herbivores - upon mammals * hunt animals Common predator * Most common predators are Arctic foxes and other polar bears, especially adult males - diurnal raptors, the main birds of prey in Sulawesi * are birds, snakes and fish - bobcats and coyotes - hawks , owls, and jays - raccoons, black rat snakes, and several rodents, including white-footed mice Deadly predator * Deadly Predators Learn about the defense mechanisms of local and exotic animals. * Most deadly predators strike prey. Egg predator * Some egg predators kill embryos. * are snakes, foxes, coyotes, and especially opossums, raccoons, and skunks. Few predator * are able to catch an adult wild turkey. * can successfully challenge a healthy, adult moose. * lurk in weedlines while prey abounds. Fierce predator * Most fierce predators take large prey * Some fierce predators kill elk - large sauropods Human predator * outpace other agents of trait change in the wild. * tend to go for passive prey. Hungry predator * Most hungry predators look for meals. * cruise the waters, and human anglers have a taste for fish. Important predator * consume phytoplankton. * include lions - mountain lions	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| predator: Insect predator * fall into one or two groups, depending on their mouthparts. * help control beet armyworms in cotton. Large predator * All large predators have a role to play. * Most large predators compete for food - consume large numbers * Most large predators have large prey - population size - hunt other animals - inhabit territory * Most large predators require cool water * Some large predators eat adult iguanas - fish * Some large predators perform functions - important functions - prey on beavers * hunt animals * include gray wolves Main predator * are carnivorous mammals and raptors - coyotes, bobcats, and alligators - hawks, predatory mammals, and other snakes - mammals and other snakes * are other snakes and raptors - snakes, birds, and mammals * are raptors and medium-sized mammals Major predator * Most major predators have eyes - kill gazelles - use sound * Some major predators feed on wildebeests. * are bobcats, coyotes, great horned owls, domestic dogs and cats - large African eagles, other primates, leopards, and humans - owls, weasels, and pacific giant salamanders - probably small mammals and other birds - weasels, raptors, coyotes, foxes, bobcats and martins * include lions. Mammalian predator * include coyotes. * seek the weakest point in the fence at which to enter. Marine predator * Most marine predators have large prey * Some marine predators live in sea.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| predator: Natural predator * Most natural predators survive years. * Some natural predators avoid areas - eat dormouses - emerge at nights - feed on nectar - kill lions * are a good way to keep outdoor moth populations under control - jaguars and caimans - often important in controlling aphid populations - pike, foxes, mink and cold wet weather * can control scale - help control pests * exist which feed on two-spotted spider mites. * help control mites - keep prey species strong by killing only the sick and weak * include birds - lizards - snow owls * pursue dolphins. Opportunistic predator * Most opportunistic predators attack live animals. * Most opportunistic predators eat animals - small animals - feed on rodents * Most opportunistic predators use hunt techniques * attack animals Other large predator * inhabit territory. * require water. Poisonous predator * Some poisonous predators feed on arthropods. * Some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods - terrestrial arthropods Potential predator * Most potential predators use vocal sound. * Some potential predators approach hagfishes. * are coyotes, large hawks and owls, eagles, and bobcats. * are mountain lions, bobcats, and coyotes - coyotes, bobcats, and domestic dogs * have difficulty. * include birds - large birds - raccoons - snake birds Powerful predator * Most powerful predators have heads - senses * play roles. Predatory pricing * is distinguishable from competitive pricing. * strategy whereby prices are set below costs to drive out competitors. Seed predator * Most seed predators play critical roles * Some seed predators destroy production - seed production * limit the number of viable seeds. Successful predator * Most successful predators eat animals. * find and fill voids in a child's life. * hunt prey. Top predator * Most top predators feed on fish. * Some top predators eat plants - live in sea * are at the top of the food chain and have no predators of their own - mackerel, squid, jellyfish, tuna, porpoise, shark and man - particularly vulnerable to bio-accumulation * play an important role in nature - major roles	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Predatory animal * Most predatory animals use combat strategies * are also heterotrophic - carnivores - wild animals * inspire a sense of awe, respect and fear among humans. * is an animal * play an important role in keeping wildlife populations balanced and healthy. * require certain characteristics in order to be efficient killers. Prehistoric animal * Most prehistoric animals have growth. * Some prehistoric animals survive for years. * provide information about things that lived in the past. Prey * are animals which are hunted by the predator - killed and eaten by predators - organisms which are eaten to produce energy - paralyzed by the toxin-bearing nematocysts located on the tentacles - the consumers which are killed and eaten by the predators * have a variety of ways of protecting themselves - one eye located on each side of the head<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Prey animal * Many prey animals are actually bigger than the cat itself. * Most prey animals can run much faster than the average lion - come to water - have eyes * Some prey animals are herbivores , meaning they eat plants. * Some prey animals are killed by cats - pet cats - escape beasts - prey on mice - starve to death * are generally more abundant in open forest - usually able to run with the heard after a short time * can easily become defensive when feeling threatened. * compete with each other to escape from predators and to find food for themselves. * evolve faster running speeds because predators do. * have eyes on the side of their heads so that they can see their hindquarters * hide from predators. * interact with their environment very differently than predators like cats and dogs. * pin a life on the right shoulder. * prefer a panorama view of the world. + Camouflage, Natural camouflage: Co-evolution :: Ecology :: Mimicry * Prey animals hide from predators. Predators must search for prey without being seen. Another way is for the animal to disguise itself as something harmless. Camouflage and mimicry'. Adaptive colouration in animals'. ### animal \| prey: Animal prey * includes large insects, spiders, scorpions, snakes, mice and lizards. * makes up for differing deficiencies in soil nutrients. Bigger prey * can keep the snake satiated for weeks or months. * yields more energy for the predator but time to consume is also greater. Common prey * Most common prey are larvae of insects, particularly beetles. * Some common prey includes raccoons. * Some common prey is consumed by barbary macaques * are earthworms, slugs, and small amphibians. Invertebrate prey * Most invertebrate prey includes earthworms. * Some invertebrate prey includes crabs - small crabs Large prey * are dragged under water, drowned and then devoured in pieces. * is usually paralyzed with the venom injected by the stinger before it is eaten. Larger prey * are less likely to be preyed upon, and larger predators are more likely to catch prey. * is killed by suffocation or constriction before being swallowed. Live prey * Some live prey kills snakes. * are killed by a bite to the neck. Rodent prey * Most rodent prey includes african giant rats * Some rodent prey includes grind squirrels Primitive animal * Most primitive animals digest food. * solve problems.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Pup * Many pups die from a variety of causes during their first few ventures away from their homes - lose weight and have a slower growth rate, and mortality generally increases * Most pups beg for food - benefit from care - compete for food - depend on mothers - display behavior - feed on food * Most pups follow nurture parents - gain weight - get food * Most pups go through development - life stages - periods - grow into adulthood - has-part hips * Most pups have brown fur - color - companionship - dark eyes - heads - legs - meals - senses - short teeth - skin - slender tails - white color - yellow skin - initially feed on small prey which is easy to catch, like small amphipods and shrimp - learn smell - live to adulthood - move habitats * Most pups reach ages - maturity - sexual maturity - start life - stop by the time they are weaned - suckle for months * Most pups survive to adulthood - reproductive maturity * Most pups weigh about pounds - grams - kgs * Some pups become bonds - hunters - come into phases * Some pups die before adulthood - reach adulthood - from starvation - drink milk - eat starfishes or others like sea slugs * Some pups emerge from burrows - dens - feed on milk - follow adults - go into heat * Some pups grow inside their mothers like human babies do, but most hatch from eggs - quicker than others, but slow growth is usually always better * Some pups have coats - feet * Some pups have fluffy coats - white coats * Some pups have fur coats - jackets - genetic contributions - runny stools - thick coats * Some pups leave dens - live in dens * Some pups lose baby teeth - last baby teeth - occupy dens - provide food * Some pups reach full height - regurgitate food - remain in burrows - see snow - starve to death - stay in dens * Some pups stay with mothers * Some pups suffer from acute diarrhea * Some pups survive first years - sustain life * accompany adults. * achieve adult size, are independent and fend for themselves after approximately a month. * also learn to recognize the vocalizations of their mothers - tend to get spoiled by their mothers * appear to have light yellow fur, which actually is white tinged with birth fluids. * are able to climb trees and eat solid food within a few days. * are able to crawl and swim after birth - soon after birth - hunt at a few months of age, and reach sexual maturity at about one year - about long at birth and weigh about * are black at birth, and grow at a rapid rate as they feed on their mother's rich milk - blind and helpless at birth and remain with parents for roughly half a year * are born blind and defenseless - with naked ears * are born in a den next to a stream, or amongst rocks - den, usually one dug by an aardvark - the den and typically remain there for approximately one month - naked, toothless, and helpless with their eyes closed * are born on small drifting ice floes in shallow waters - the short-lived seasonal platform of pack ice * are born with a black muzzle that usually fades with age - full set of teeth , and are capable of taking care of themselves * are born with eyes and ears shut and are mostly hairless at birth * are born with their eyes open and covered in fur - and their tummies ready for their mother's rich milk - bottle fed and extensively socialized - brought into existence undeveloped or lacking physical parts - hairless, blind, pink creatures the size of a jelly bean - home raised and socialized - mostly black at birth and molt to a silver gray after weaning - sooty black at birth, and acquire adult coloration at about three months - still blind, deaf and hairless * are unable to swim or find food until seven to eight weeks old or until the ice melts - swim, and when left alone on land they are defenseless against predators * are very friendly, socialized, fat and healthy - vulnerable in their first year of growth to being run over by motor boats - weaned at about five to eight weeks of age * average three feet and thirty pounds at birth - in size and weighing thirty pounds at birth * begin to accompany adults on hunts - exhibit fluffing of the tail while learning to play with siblings - follow adults on hunting trips for a short while and return to the den by themselves - howl at one month old - see when two weeks old and can hear after three weeks - travel with pack * born on the Arctic ice, like harp seals, have quite a shock at birth. * can also get roundworm through mother's milk - enjoy it early on in life to aid healthy development - get through the smallest of places - have experience - hear and see well by the time they're three weeks old - occasionally become entangled in it - often swim after birth, when the tide returns * consume an average of eight liters of milk a day. * continue to suckle until four months of age. - their mother during the first six to eight months of their life * develop quickly with eyes and ears that open shortly after birth. * die from diseases, malnutrition and starvation, life in the wild can be difficult. * eat large numbers of insects, earthworms, fruit, and grass. - primarily on crustaceans, mainly small shrimps * generally have the same coloration and relative dimensions as adult sharks. * get food from their parents until they are old enough to go out of the den - their sight in about ten days - phases of development that are largely influenced by their environment * grow around the mother plant's base - inside their mother for about sixty-three days - rapidly and approach adult size by autumn or early winter - very rapidly * hatch inside the mother and are over four feet long when they emerge. * have a black or dark brown pelage at birth - black wooly fur - blue eyes at birth and weigh about one pound - good covering fur and have closed eyes when they are born - hearty meals - their tails docked and dewclaws removed * help siblings. * includes brains - cell membranes - cells - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * lose baby teeth starting about three months of age. * mature quickly. * need diets. * often engage in sex play, mounting and clasping another pup even of the same sex, or a person - travel together in small groups or with the adults * only stay with their parents for around two months. * open eyes. * pay attention. * play and fight with each other - tag by chasing and nipping each other - young adulthood by autumn * receive Early Neurological Stimulation Repeat breeding - parental care * remain in the den for about six weeks, and are cared for by the entire pack - with their pack for at least the first year to survive * seem to enjoy playing and hunting by themselves. * separate from mothers. * show a fast growth rate - very slow growth rate * snatch meals from their mothers, and males mug any female in their territory for a snack. * spend most of their time in groups or pods playing, sleeping, or residing near the water. * start eating meat when they are about a month old * stay in the burrow until early summer, when they leave to wander the forest themselves - burrows for about six or seven weeks - den for about six weeks and then begin traveling short distances with adults - with their mothers for six months, on average * suffer most with shock-like deaths, occurring as early as two days after the onset of illness. * take care. * tend to dance around and bite the lead at first, but soon get used to it. * treat other pups like inanimate objects. * typically have roots attached, making it unnecessary to root the pup prior to planting. * undergo a tremendous change during the fall. * use a high-pitch squeal to communicate with their mom. * usually nurse for a year, but some continue to nurse for up to three years. * weigh about one pound at birth * will have adult teeth - dark spots * young mammal + Bearded seal, Reproduction and Lifecycle: Pinnipeds :: Mammals of Great Britain * Bearded seals give birth in the spring. May. Further south, in Alaska, most pups are born in late April. Pups are born on small drifting ice floes in shallow waters. They enter the water only hours after they are born, and quickly become very good divers. Pups consume an average of eight liters of milk a day. By the time they are weaned, the pups have grown to about one hundred kilograms. + Harp seal, Description, Reproduction: Pinnipeds * Pups are unable to swim or find food until seven to eight weeks old or until the ice melts. This leaves them open to polar bears and other predators. + Hooded seal, Offspring: Pinnipeds :: Megafauna :: Mammals of Great Britain * Pups are about long at birth and weigh about. They are born on the ice from mid-March to early April. They are born with a slate blue-grey coat with a pale cream color on the belly. They moult after about 14 months. Nursing of the pup lasts for an average of only 4 days. This is the shortest lactation period of any mammal. + Ringed seal, Life history: Pinnipeds :: Megafauna * Females reach sexual maturity at 4 years. Males do not reach maturity until 7 years old. During the spring breeding season, females make lairs in the thick ice and give birth in these structures. Females give birth to a single pup in March or April after a 9 month gestation period. Pups are weaned after one month. They build up a thick layer of blubber. + Shark, Reproduction * Pups are born with a full set of teeth, and are capable of taking care of themselves. Once born, they quickly swim away from their mothers, who sometimes feed on the pups. + Spiny mouse, Spiny Mice as Exotic Pets, Reproduction: Rodents * Gestation length is between 38 and 42 days. Litters are normally 2 to 3 pups, but females may have up to 6 pups in a single litter. Other females within the social group may help in the birthing process and look after the pups. Pups are born with their eyes open and covered in fur. They will begin to leave the nesting area at about 3 days of age. Pups are weaned around 5 to 6 weeks and reach sexual maturity at about 6 to 9 weeks. A female can become pregnant at any time in the year and may have up to 12 litters in a year.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| pup: Coyote pup * have legs. * weigh pounds. Male pup * Most male pups have companionship. * Some male pups leave dens. * are usually larger than female pups. * spend more time involved in play than female pups, while females are more likely to rest. * suckle significantly longer per bout than females. * tend to be larger than females. Meerkat pup * Some meerkat pups emerge from burrows. * spend much of their day playing.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| pup: Newborn pup * Most newborn pups weigh about pounds. * Some newborn pups remain in burrows. * are blind and deaf - immobile, and their eyes are closed - large enough to defend themselves and find their own food - rather tiny and fragile * display a jet-black coat. * have a coat of white silky fur - long, soft lanugo with a pattern resembling that of the adult * play an active role in eliciting maternal behaviour from their mothers. - around and are long + Harp seal, Description, Reproduction: Pinnipeds * Newborn pups weigh around and are long. After birth, the mother only feeds that pup. During the 12 day nursing period, the mother does not eat. She losies up to per day. Shark pup * Most shark pups weigh pounds. * Some shark pups have feet. Walrus pup * Most walrus pups have short teeth. * separate from mothers. Wolf pup * live to adulthood. * weigh about pounds. Young pup * Some young pups drink milk - follow adults - stay in dens * are able to swim almost immediately after birth - especially vulnerable to broken bones and other injuries from careless treatment * have very fast heartbeats, it is nothing to worry about. Purebred * Most purebreds have white on their feet and a tail tip. * are dogs - generally a solid, deep cherry red in colour and are horned * is an animal * tend to be smaller than domestic cats. Real animal * are adapted to their environments. * can thrive in some pretty extreme areas, though.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Rotifer * All rotifers have a corona of cilia surrounding their mouth. * Most rotifers are colorless, except for the eyespot - females - oviparous but a few planktonic species are viviparous * Most rotifers collect food by beating the wheel organ to make a water current * Most rotifers exist in freshwater habitats * Most rotifers have ability - one eye, some have two and some sessile ones are eyeless * Most rotifers live in ponds - small ponds * Some rotifers are free swimming, others move by inching along, and some are fixed - attract attention - avoid consumption - build tubes - cause diseases - compete for food - emerge from dormancy - enter dormancy - feed on algae and then themselves are eaten by worms and crustaceans * Some rotifers have ducts - single spikes * Some rotifers inhabit environments - saltwater environments * Some rotifers live in habitats - vary habitats - lose water * Some rotifers survive dry summer * Some rotifers use reproduction - sexual reproduction. * The 'rotifers' are a phylum of tiny animals which are common in freshwater environments, such as ponds and puddles. There are a few saltwater species. Some rotifers are free swimming, others move by inching along, and some are fixed. They live inside tubes or gelatinous holdfasts that are attached to a substrate A few species live in colonies. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates' vol 4. Wiley-Liss, New York * are able to consume both microbes and particulate matter - animals, in fact * are common in freshwater throughout the world, with a few saltwater species - members of freshwater zooplankton - common, abundant, and highly successful members of marine and freshwater communities - complex organisms with various types of organs and structures - eukaryotic - flattened simply by placing a coverslip on top of the droplet - highly efficient reproducers - in turn prey to carnivorous secondary consumers, including shrimp and crabs - invertebrates - microscopic and abundant in freshwater * are multicellular animals with body cavities that are partially lined by mesoderm - plankton that many species feed on - primarily omnivorous, but some species have been known to be cannibalistic - small animals with simple body forms * are small, multi-cellular animals, mostly living primarily in freshwater - multicellular animals that live freely or in tubes attached to a substrate - specialists at living in habitats where water dries up regularly - tiny animals that inhabit fresh water, the ocean, and damp soil - top-shaped and have a foot - very widespread aquatic animals, very common in freshwater habitats * can be free swimming or sessile * can reproduce in a variety of mediums, the most common of which phytoplankton culture - ways * contain a certain and consistent number of cells as adults. * contribute to both the microbial loop and to higher trophic levels - the removal of effluent turbidity by removing non-flocculated bacteria * display a variety of reproductive modes. * eat algae and other protists, bacteria, and even other rotifers - algae, single celled organisms , debris, bacteria and other zooplankton * eat bacteria, detritus, other rotifers, algae or protozoa - protists, and other small animals - fish waste , dead bacteria , and algae * experience events. * fall into two salinity categories - marine and freshwater. * give to both of the microbial loop and to higher trophic levels. * have a complete digestive tract with a mouth and anus - foot attached to their posterior end and it includes a cement gland in a toe - number of unusual features - very high metabolism and can quickly deplete the oxygen in the water * have bilateral body symmetry - eyes, corona, stomach, foot and toe - no regeneration or repair abilities - real organs, including a brain, stomach and intestines - specialized organ systems * includes brains - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * is an invertebrate * move by swimming freely or crawling. * move by swimming or crawling on the bottom of the lake * occur at all except polar latitudes. * possess a structure called a mastax which is unique in the animal kingdom. * primarily eat phytoplankton, bacteria, and detritus. * produce by parthenogenesis, in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. * tend to be primarily omnivorous , so they eat both plant and animal material. + Desiccation, Biology, Extreme cases, Rotifers: Physiology :: Ecology + Rotifers, Appearance - History and taxonomy: Extremophiles * They are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton. Also, many species help decompose organic matter in soil. Rotifers eat fish waste, dead bacteria, and algae. They eat particles up to 10 micrometres in size. A rotifer filters 100,000 times its own volume of water per hour. They are used in fish tanks to help clean the water, to prevent clouds of waste matter - Resisting drought	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| rotifer: Most rotifer * Most most rotifers collect food. * Some most rotifers have eyes - feet Ruminant animal * Most ruminant animals chew food. * appear to be more susceptible to poisoning than horses. * are able to utilize a portion of both types of protein - much more tolerant to vomitoxin * can use the nitrogen in nitrates to produce protein. * have a lot of room in their rumens - stomachs<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Scavenger * Many scavengers are a type of carnivore , which is an organism that eats meat. * Most scavengers consume animals - dead animals - detritus rather than flesh and deep sea animals can feed on both * Most scavengers eat animals - dead organisms - feed on animals * Most scavengers feed on dead animal matter * Most scavengers feed on decay matter - organic matter - decompose plants - ingest solid materials * Most scavengers inhabit regions - wilderness regions * Some scavengers eat decay flesh - grain * Some scavengers feed on algas - dead insects - seaweed - only eat carrion, while others can also eat plants or fruit * also hoard lithium from camera and car batteries - reduce the prevention of infectious tissues - require a tremendous sense of smell, to locate carrion * are also consumers, but they wait for their prey to die first - an important part of the food web because they clean up the environment - animals that consume dead animals * are animals that eat dead plant and animal tissue - organisms that are already dead - the remain of decayed organisms and plants - feed on carrion, the dead flesh of animals, prey, caught by predators * are animals that feed on dead members of different trophic levels - or injured animals - the dead bodies of other organisums - carnivores - chemical agents - found throughout the animal kingdom * are organisms similar to omnivores except they also feed on the bodies of dead organisms - that can eat plants, animals, or the remains of other organisms * are organisms that feed on refuse or dead organisms called carrion - probably the third largest group - wild animals * can be great aids in consuming uneaten food - carry diseases into other populations - contract the disease from infected dead animals * collect metal, plastics, beer bottles, etc. - decaying organisms and animals that have been killed by other animals - the soft tissues of animals * depend on non-microscopic dead animals - others to kill their prey, and then eat the remains * eat all the leftovers and other dead organisms - animals that are already dead - away large parts of the animals body - only dead animals and it help our ecosystem, environment stay clean * eat the bodies of animals that have died or have been killed - food that has been killed and left behind by predators * feed an dead animals. - carcasses of the animal killed by the carnivores - or decaying material * include carnivorous crabs - hermit crabs * includes brains - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * ingest materials * pick through dumps and trash on streets for valuable items. * play an important role in the ecosystem by consuming the dead animal and plant material * pose danger. * prepare bodies for decomposers. * respond to bait - fish bait * sort out wastes from dust bin and garbage. Sea animal * Many sea animals find shelter among the seaweeds, in rocky crevices, or under the sand. * Most sea animals carry offspring - develop lungs - have structures - respond to effects * Some sea animals have hard shells - spiny shells * Some sea animals live in oceans - salt water * are harmed by the plastic either by getting tangled in it or by eating it. * is an animal	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Sea creature * All sea creatures rely on other sea creatures for food to survive. * Many sea creatures eat the plankton - glow with a biologically produced light * Some sea creatures are mammals, and some mammals have well-developed social structures - evolve from ancestors * Some sea creatures have hard shells or skeletons of calcium carbonate - reproductive strategies - lack ability - live in oceans * are most susceptible to the waxing and waning of our moon. * can handle it because they re mostly water, which is virtually incompressible. * ingest the chemicals from the water. * is an animal * move visibly under the water's surface. * show a high lunar sensitivity. * use light to communicate or to distract attackers or prey. ### animal \| sea creature: Bycatch * describes living creatures that are caught unintentionally by fishing gear. * is inevitable and affects other fish, birds, mammals, turtles and marine organisms. * occurs when fish species other than targeted species are harvested, and often killed. * poses the biggest threat to almost all albatross species - most serious threat to dolphins, porpoises and whales * represents about a quarter of all marine catch. * sea creature Several animal * can and do prey on humans. * use diffusion, at least in part, to bring in oxygen. Sick animal * Most sick animals demonstrate behavior - develop fevers * Place each sick animal in an individual plastic jar without preservatives. * make for sick meat, sick meat makes for unhealthy consumers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Small animal * All small animals eat basically the same food. * Many small animals are nocturnal - crawl into bottles or jars and get stuck and slowly starve to death * Most small animals become prey - come in contact - eat grass - exploit habitats * Most small animals get sufficient water * Most small animals have areas - backbones - coats - diets - movement - the same senses that humans do, but they vary in intensity - voices - hide from predators * Most small animals live in environments - freshwater environments - make up diets - tend to move rather quietly unless they are actually running * Some small animals are able to attack the soft, jelly-like cells inside the sponge - consume hawksbills * Some small animals eat animals - corn - flowers - salamanders - seeds - snails - feed on flowers - find in lakes - graze on phytoplankton * Some small animals have conditions - short limbs * Some small animals live in holes - landscapes - on bottoms - well in groups, some do better alone - look like dogs - require stimulation * Some small animals resemble guinea pigs - mice - swim in water * Some small animals use armadillo burrows - types * adapt to climates - cold climates * are abundant and used for supplementing the sea-based diet of the natives - eaten whole, however, larger prey is stamped to death before being consumed - killed with a bat of the paw or a quick bite to the head - more maneuverable than big ones - swallowed whole while larger animals are torn to pieces - uniformly white, medium sized ones yellow or orange and largest ones red - usually harder to photograph than larger pets - very important for the long term well being of subsistent farm families * begin burrowing amongst the brush. * can exploit habitats more fully than large ones - heat and cool themselves more rapidly than large animals - plants or bugs * experience too much friction relative to their muscle strength to go fast. * find shelter from the environment and from predators. - their water supply from the food they eat * have a faster pulse than larger ones because they lose body heat faster - high metabolic and reproductive rates, and short life expectancy - more hiding places - specific environment and nutrition needs * includes mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, and guinea pigs. * like to burrow and build nests. * produce few eggs and protect their brood. * rely on their keen sense of smell to find food. * seen darting through lawns during the day are usually voles. * tend to do better in pairs. * thrive on a wide variety of tastes and aromas.<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Smaller animal * Many smaller animals are natural climbers. * are always more maneuverable than large animals - in greater danger of ingesting a lethal dosage - subordinate * have a higher surface area to volume ratio than that of large animals - relatively shorter antlers * live in the canopy and trees, while larger animals live on the forest floor. * moult more frequently than larger ones. + Donkey Kong Country, Changes between the ports, Game Boy Advance: 1994 video games :: 2000 video games :: 2003 video games :: 2006 video games :: Super NES games :: Game Boy Color games :: Game Boy Advance games :: Virtual Console games :: Platform games * Smaller animals appear as background elements such as spiders and rats. Social animal * Many social animals form linear dominance hierarchies, with a clear rank order among group members - work out a hierarchy, and the chicken is no exception * Most social animals seem to have some similar sorts of behaviors. * are gsocial h and live together because they are linked by a common force. * can hunt in packs, gain safety in numbers or even learn from each other. * have morality. * live and work together for the good of the group - together in groups	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Solitary animal * Most solitary animals defend territory. * Most solitary animals form bonds - pair bonds * Most solitary animals have large home ranges * Most solitary animals lead existence - lifestyle - nocturnal lifestyle - sessile existence * Most solitary animals live in areas - dense areas - pairs - rainforest areas - mark territory - move from trees * Most solitary animals occupy areas * Most solitary animals play roles - vital roles - reach size * Some solitary animals feed during afternoons - late afternoons - find in habitats * Some solitary animals have nest sites - snouts * hunt prey. * tend to be mature bulls or sometimes old cows - cluster together once they reach a specific size Stray animal * are scared or confused by their strange surroundings. * can carry and spread disease - many infections Subordinate animal * become undernourished because of food competition. * engage in a number of behaviors in order to outweigh the costs of low rank. Susceptible animal * Most susceptible animals get diseases. * drink common-source contaminated water - the disease when they come into contact with infected animals<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Terrestrial animal * Most terrestrial animals become prey. * Most terrestrial animals cope with conditions - dry conditions - develop lungs - dissipate excess heat by a. countercurrent exchange - do seek shelter - eat meat - excrete waste * Most terrestrial animals have body coverings that help prevent dehydration - organs - special organs - inhabit areas * Most terrestrial animals inhabit shallow areas - water areas - live in atmospheres - make life - perform functions * Most terrestrial animals use limbs - methods * Some terrestrial animals display locomotion - lose water - return to sea * are present in the fossil record also. * have a different way of ridding their bodies of excess nitrogen - many adaptations to conserve water and regulate ion composition * have special organs for taking in oxygen from the atmosphere * obtain water by drinking, or with their food, or as a product of metabolism. * tend to have body shapes that are adapted to deal with gravity. Territorial animal * Many territorial animals use their own scent to mark their territories. * learn their neighbors and the borders of the territory. Thin animal * bruise more easily than fat animals. * tend to be more likely to suffer from the effects of intestinal parasites.<\|endoftext\|>### animal: Transgenic animal * CAN pass genes to offspring. * are a powerful tool for studying gene function and testing drugs - among the most useful and exciting research tools in the biological sciences * are animals in which a specific gene has been inserted, mutated or deleted - that carry new genes - costly to produce and they have high value - one of the 'hot' issues in animal experimentation in Europe - valuable for a number of reasons * have foreign DNA inserted into their genome. * offer better models for studying human disease. * play vital roles in diversified fields within the life sciences. * stategies for producing and selecting transgenic animals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Tunicate * All tunicates are hermaphroditic, and are often self-fertile - can perform sexual reproduction * Most tunicates are hermaphrodites - hermaphroditic with separate gonads - sessile, barrel-shaped, filter feeding animals that live on the sea bottom - thought to live about one year as adults - go through life * Most tunicates have ability - notochords - predators - testes * Most tunicates possess characteristic features * Some tunicates exist in oceans - have characteristics * Some tunicates have female organs - reproductive organs - pharynxs - skin - types - wrinkle skin - yellowish skin - lead a planktonic existence throughout their lives * Some tunicates live in shallow water * Some tunicates possess characteristics - common characteristics - use cilia * are a sessile or mobile organism - also the only animals able to create cellulose - chordates named for the colorful tunic-like covering the adults have * are filter feeders that live in salt water - filter-feeding marine organisms with a very simple body plan - hermaphroditic, with ovary and testis usually maturing at the same time - highly invasive and can become a significant problem in short order * are named for the cloaklike tunics that support their saclike bodies - their protective covering, known as a tunic - plankton feeders - protected by a tough covering called a tunic - sea creatures encased by tough membranes, reminiscent of tunics - served in seafood restaurants in Chile - sessile, marine organisms - small marine chordates that eat plankton they filter from the water - very interesting small marine animals - what are known as marine suspension feeders * can be very brightly colored - form large colonies, or simply live by themselves - reproduce asexually and sexually * catch meals. * contain no lignin. * differ strongly in appearance between the adult and the larva. * have a highly developed blood-vascular system with a heart * have an average life span of one to three years - incurrent siphon and an excurrent siphon * have the ability perform asexual as well as sexual reproduction - to perform asexual and sexual reproduction - two prominent openings, one for drawing water in, one for expelling water - unusual nuclear lamins with a large deletion in the carboxyterminal tail domain * includes brains - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - vacuoles * occur throughout the world. * sometimes form large colonies, where they all live together, very tightly. * trap plankton with a specialized mucus net that lies over the gill slits. * undergo a radical metamorphosis to form a sessile adult with few chordate characteristics. ### animal \| tunicate: Larval tunicate * are free swimmers and possess all four chordate characteristics. * differ from adults in all but one of the following ways. Unaltered animal * are generally the ones that are involved in bites. * are three times more likely to bite than unaltered ones * have more health problems than pets that have been spayed or neutered. Unhealthy animal * come from unhealthy conditions. * mean unhealthy food and unhealthy human beings. Untreated animal * can develop chronic progressive arthritis. * die of respiratory arrest or acute renal failure. Vaccinated animal * can become unsymptomatic carriers if exposed to the virus - still carry the virus and pass it on, without showing any symptoms - test positive for life * carry the same antibodies as the sick. * pose NO risk to human health. Various animal * Most various animals depend on diets - display differences - eat meat * Some various animals eat seeds - feed on plankton - undergo metamorphosis * appear in Africa - mong the flowers, some of which are the animal representations of the senses * show a wide spectrum of emotions ranging from sorrow to joy.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Vegetarian animal * All vegetarian animals have abundant sweat glands. * drink water with the lips, whereas meat-eaters use their tongue. * have more plumbing and another stomach called a rumen.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Vertebrate * All vertebrates appear to have homeotic genes similar to the fruit fly's. * All vertebrates are heterotrophs - very similar to one another after organogenesis - breathe in essentially the same manner - derive from a common ancestor - exhibit notochord during development * All vertebrates have a backbone or vertebral column - pancreas, which functions as both an exocrine and endocrine organ - pharynx, used in both feeding and respiration * All vertebrates have a skeleton made of bone inside their bodies - of either bone or cartilage * All vertebrates have an endocrine system - inner supporting skeleton, usually of bones, including a main backbone - internal skeleton of bone or cartilage - brains - cartilage in addition to bone, or instead of bone - four homeobox complexes, each on separate chromosomes - inner ear - rods - spinal cords - the nasal sex nerve - their evolutionary roots in fishes - to be sexually mature before they can actually reproduce - have, either as an embryo or an adult, gill slits or pouches - look alike during gastrulation - produce interferons, and all appear to produce the three major classes - satisfy the continuity criterion * Every vertebrate has a pair of kidneys - still higher centers of automatic adjust- ment above the medulla * Indicate the four principal characteristics of chordates. * Many vertebrates rely heavily on the speed of jaw closure for prey capture. * Most vertebrates are immediately recognizable as animals - belong in the first three groups * Most vertebrates belong to major phyla - confine their movements to specific areas * Most vertebrates descend from ancestors - reptiles * Most vertebrates develop lungs - problems * Most vertebrates display characteristics - different characteristics * Most vertebrates enter fresh water - excrete waste - expose to parasites - feed milk * Most vertebrates grow backs - cells - feet - hair - heads - jaws - legs - stomachs - tails * Most vertebrates has-part bones - cartilages - eyes - guts - hearts - limbs - organs - retinas - teeth - tissue * Most vertebrates have a familiar life cycle - backbones - behavior - blood - bone cartilages - bony skeletons - boundaries - cartilage skeletons - distinct boundaries - distribution - embryonic skeletons - endoskeletons - gall bladders - internal skeletons - necks - ovaries - replacement teeth - similar behavior - simple life cycles without abrupt transitions - skin - worldwide distribution - inhabit same areas * Most vertebrates live in areas - continents - diverse areas - earth - ecosystems - environments - regions - such diverse areas * Most vertebrates live on ground - planets * Most vertebrates possess bacteria - ear bones - middle ear bones - provide food * Most vertebrates rely on conditions - constant internal conditions * Most vertebrates reproduce periodically - sexually using meiosis - seize fish * Most vertebrates share characteristics - follow characteristics * Most vertebrates share several characteristics - similar characteristics - show more flexibility - swallow large chunks of food * Some vertebrates also operate as pollinators of ecologically and economically important plants - appear to depend on pristine habitats such as ancient forests * Some vertebrates are located in caves - become predators - build homes - can survive freezing, but no vertebrates can survive grinding * Some vertebrates control ecosystems - something * Some vertebrates descend from birds - display different patterns - eat fruit * Some vertebrates feed on organisms - tiny organisms - graze in forests * Some vertebrates has-part fins - gills * Some vertebrates have capability - concentration - notochords - power - reproductive systems that are sensitive to day length - valves * Some vertebrates live in Estonia - Pennsylvania - nests - oceans - sea - trees - make tubes * Some vertebrates occupy positions - trophic positions * Some vertebrates possess exoskeletons - placentas - produce milk - provide milk - rely on diffusion * Some vertebrates retain body fluid - serve as hosts - shed skin * Some vertebrates solve constraints * Some vertebrates use cavities * also have a distinct head - mitochondrial creatine kinase - adaptive immunity - additional odors that identify animals individually - an internal skeleton made of bones and cartilage - pollinate some desert plants * are a classification of animals that have a backbone - subset of the animals in the phylum Chordata - able to organize a group of visual stimuli into an object, into an entity * are also interesting because they are easy to find - pests - an example of a classification group - animal species that have a backbone or spinal column * are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, also called vertebrae - backbones that surround their nerve cords * are animals with backbones, such as frogs, snakes, elephants and humans - horses - any animal having a backbone or spinal column - certainly the best-studied animals of which most species have been identified - chordates with a backbone that encloses a nerve cord, or spinal cord * are classified as carnivores based on their skull and tooth structure - by the chordate subphylum vertebrata - into fish, amphibians, reptiles , birds, and mammals - deuterostomes - distinguished by having a backbone or spinal column - familiar creatures - found worldwide, except at the very centers of the polar ice caps - in alphabetical order by common name - known from both body fossils and trace fossils - members of of a larger group, the chordates - multicellular organisms - named for their backbone, which consists of a series of vertebrae - often larger and have more complex bodies than invertebrates * are the biggest animals ever to evolve on Earth - most advanced subphylum of the chordates - only chordate group to exhibit a proper brain - unique in having the gills develop internally, as evaginations of the anterior gut * become top predators in the seas. * breathe air. * can and do live in all habitats actually - memorise places, insects can too * change as they grow. * constantly remodel and maintain bone mass within defined limits. * consume fruit. * control bodies. * display an amazing range of reproductive adaptations * dominate continents - the nekton * exhibit a wide array of defensive behaviors - all three of the chordate characteristics at some point during their lives - on essentially every available source of food * generally have a backbone called the spinal column. - glands - centralized nervous system that consists of a in the head region - circulatory system with a heart * have a closed circulatory system, and the sexes are separate - where blood is always surrounded by blood vessels - while arthropods have an open system - complete digestive system and a large coelom - different system, in which one neuron controls a group of muscle fibers - second , more specific , immune system - segmented vertebral column - similar early developmental pattern and are physiologically similar - skeletal structure with a spinal column or backbone - versatile support system - cephalization * have complex bodies, which they acquire through development - organs requiring complex nervous structures - dorsal nerve cord - genes and developmental programs for forming joints - in common an endoskeleton and a dorsally located nervous system - keratin in their skin cells to reduce water loss * have many bones, including a skull which protects their brains, which tend to be large - genes in common - nephrons that make up kidneys - neurons with one or more fibers - nostrils - several adaptations for feeding, digestion and nutrient absorption - spines * have the ability to reproduce themselves through sexual reproduction - most defined and developed nervous system - their skeletons inside * include amphibians - lizards * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * inhabit areas * lack the enzyme to cleave the bonds between successive glucose monomers of cellulose. * live in all kinds of environments * make up the majority of chordates. * mark the culmination of nervous system evolution. * move by application of the principles of the lever - the actions of muscles on bones * never have more than two pairs of limbs. * oj the i'nited Stales. * possess a backbone-a dorsal vertebral column enclosing a dorsal hollow nerve cord - closed circulatory system and most often exhibit separate sexes - two types of bone * refer to animals which possess a backbone. * represent some of the most highly evolved members of the Kingdom Animalia. * retain traces of a feeding apparatus like that of tunicates and cephalochordates. * serve as the natural host. * synthesize urea in the liver using the ornithine-urea cycle. * tend to be much more intelligent than invertebrates. + Brain, Function: * All vertebrates have brains. Some simple animals, however, like sponges, do not have anything like a brain. Segmented invertebrates have ganglions in each segment, and a ring of nervous tissue around the alimentary canal at the front. This acts to bring sense data from the front into play with the movement of the body. + Immunity: Immunology * All animals, plants and fungi have some innate immunity. Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity. + Ovary: Anatomy of the female reproductive system * Most vertebrates have ovaries. Usually animals have two ovaries. The ovaries are similar to testicles in men. + Segmentation: Zoology + Virus, Host defence mechanisms, Adaptive immune system: Viruses * Vertebrates have a second, more specific, immune system. It is called the adaptive immune system. When it meets a virus, it produces specific antibodies that bind to the virus and render it non-infectious. Two types of antibodies are important.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal: Vertebrate animal * All vertebrate animals are organized upon a common anatomical plan - can suffer and therefore deserve to be treated humanely - produce nitrogen waste in one form or another * Many vertebrate animals have the same arrangements of bones in their forelimbs. * Most vertebrate animals adapt to habitats - specific habitats - terrestrial habitats * Most vertebrate animals have backbones - common characteristics - tongues - produce waste * Some vertebrate animals have beaks - wings * can soil or destroy artifacts. * deserve moral concern. * have an additional way to fight viral infections ### animal \| vertebrate \| agnathan: Osteostracan * also have large, pad-shaped paired fins. * is an agnathan Ostracoderm * Some ostracoderms have bony plates covering the head and upper trunk. * are abundant - the most ancient agnathan fish<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| agnathan: Sea lamprey * More sea lampreys mean a degraded ecosystem, increased damage to the fish community, and fewer fish. * Most sea lampreys become pests - have teeth * Most sea lampreys use gills - mouths * Some sea lampreys enter lakes. * Some sea lampreys have eels - impact - major impact * are among the most primitive of vertebrates - anadramous, running up rivers to spawn on gravel bottoms and die - boneless, jaw-less fish that are the oldest surviving vertebrae - considered a pest in the Great Lakes region - eel-like fish that are native to the Atlantic Ocean - important in New York because of the damage they cause to other desirable fish - jawless fish - members of a very old family of fishes - parasite fish that fasten themselves to lake trout - parasites in their adult stage - parasitic pests * are primitive eel-like fish native to the Atlantic Ocean - resilient beasts * attach to fish and feed on the fish's body fluids - with their suction cup mouth then dig their teeth into flesh for grip * cartilaginous fish without jaws. * feed on body fluids, often scarring and killing host fish. * has eel-shaped body that is slimy and naked. * have a complex life cycle - an indirect life cycle lasting between five and nine years * migrate to oceans. * run up rivers to spawn, much like salmon.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate: Amniote * adopt a more elevated stance than earlier tetrapods and living amphibians. * are a group of organisms that include turtles, lizards, birds, dinosaurs and mammals - as likely as frogs or salamanders to retain primitive reproductive character states - known for having three membrane-bound sacs that surround their developing embryo - primarily cla ssified by the number of holes in their skulls - the reptiles, birds, and mammals * skulls in lateral view showing the four main types of fenestration.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate: Amphibian * All amphibians are cold blooded - cold-blooded, like fish, snakes, lizards, and turtles * All amphibians have four legs with the exception of caecilians, which are limbless - soft moist skin - lay eggs in aquatic system - reproduce by laying eggs in the water * All amphibians start as eggs in the water and go through a metamorphosis, or change, early in life - life with gills, living under water, but most eventually develop lungs * Many amphibians also live in water. * Many amphibians are a popular exotic pet and are found in pet stores that sell reptiles - obligate breeders in standing water - remarkable for the ways in which they care for their eggs and young - used in scientific experiments * Many amphibians can absorb oxygen through their skin - only survive in fishless ponds - display complex and diverse social behavior, especially during the breeding season * Many amphibians have to lay their eggs in warm places - toxic skin - live in the streams and ponds and salmon are important consumers - produce hundreds or thousands of eggs, but only a few survive until adulthood * Most amphibians absorb oxygen - adapt to life - also have four limbs * Most amphibians are located in streams - relatively small animals - avoid daytime temperatures and low humidity * Most amphibians begin life in water and the later change to adapt to life on land * Most amphibians breathe through moist skin * Most amphibians breathe with as larvae and with lungs as adults - lungs as larvae and with gills as adults - can both walk and swim in water - capture prey - change color - contain three eye lids - deposit their eggs in water or a moist, protected place * Most amphibians develop from eggs to free swimming larvae quickly - drink water * Most amphibians eat algae - food - meat, albeit in different preferences among different species * Most amphibians emerge from ecosystems - excrete waste - exist on earth * Most amphibians feed in water - on algas * Most amphibians feed upon insects - small insects * Most amphibians find in freshwater ponds - force air - go through stages * Most amphibians has-part guts - hands - hearts - organs - stomachs - tails - hatch from eggs * Most amphibians have a glandular portion to their tongue, and musculature - good sense of smell - ability - brains - eyes * Most amphibians have four limbs , except for caecilians - glands - inner skeletons - large, wide mouths to consume large animals - legs and can swim, cralw or hop - long tongues - no scales, allowing their skin to absorb water - poison glands - slimy and smooth skin except newts have rough skin - songs - sticky tongues - thin skin - unique ability - very muscular and flexible tongues - hibernate during winter * Most amphibians inhabit areas - roadside habitats - salt water - lack scales * Most amphibians lay eggs that have a gelatinous coating but no shell - soft eggs in water - leave their eggs to look after themselves * Most amphibians live in desert environments - dry habitats - regions - roadside ponds * Most amphibians live in terrestrial environments - near water - part of their lives underwater and part on land - look like lizards - occupy niches * Most amphibians occur in fresh water - only exit the water as adults * Most amphibians possess cells - toxins - prefer environments * Most amphibians reach maturity at three or four years - relate to frogs - rely heavily on their moist skin to carry out gas exchange with the environment * Most amphibians reproduce by laying eggs * Most amphibians require carbohydrates - diets - moist environments and many spend part of their cycle in the water * Most amphibians retain close ties with water and are most abundant in damp habitats * Most amphibians return to ponds * Most amphibians share characteristics - key characteristics - several characteristics * Most amphibians spend a lot of their lives in wet surroundings - their early life in water, where eggs are laid and larvae hatch and swim * Most amphibians survive events - in habitats - mass extinction events * Most amphibians thrive in environments - wetland * Most amphibians undergo a unique change from larvae to adults, called metamorphosis - larval phases * Most amphibians use jaws - large jaws * Some amphibians absorb water - accumulate urea * Some amphibians are considered moderately intelligent - inside lakes - known as salamanders * Some amphibians are located in marsh - woodlands - very sensitive to acid inputs, especially during reproductive periods - avoid predators - become vertebrates * Some amphibians can also be difficult to handle due to their coating of protective slime - detect insects by the sounds they make - complete metamorphosis - cross streets - develop straight into the adult stage from the embryo, skipping the tadpole stage - dig deep burrows and stay there for up to nine months at a time * Some amphibians eat algae and continue to feed and grow until there is no more algae left * Some amphibians emerge from Africa - forests - ground - exhibit abnormalities - feed on vertebrates - find in deserts - float in ponds * Some amphibians give birth to frogs - offspring - has-part glands * Some amphibians have animals - another amazing ability shared by few other animals - fingers - gills and live underwater during part of their life cycle - hemoglobins - one sac, like a toad - ranges - inhabit deserts - invade ground - lay eggs that are very clear * Some amphibians live in Alberta - Connecticut - Illinois - coastlines - zones - move tails * Some amphibians possess armor - structures - produce urea - protect environments * Some amphibians resemble salamanders - worms * Some amphibians respond to climate variation - retain tails - return to lakes * Some amphibians secrete poison - powerful toxins - sit on limbs - survive for weeks - use skin * absorb and concentrate toxins in their fatty tissues * also employ various combinations of branchial and pulmonary strategies to breathe - experience very high mortality * also have a special role to play in keeping the environment healthy - immune cells arranged into organs - possess a cloaca, which common reservoir for digesta and urine - use smell and hearing to hunt prey * are a class of animals like reptiles , mammals , and birds - that have skin poison glands and mucous glands * are a group of animals that spend part of their lives in water and part on land - vertebrates that has adapted to live in both water and on land - unique kingdom of animal which evolved from fish - able top absorb water and oxygen though their porous skin - airplanes * are also an important pharmaceutical resource - subject to many diseases - very much dependent on water - amazing creatures - an amazing group of animals do just that * are an important component of the northwestern fauna - part of the ecological balance of many habitats * are animals that have backbones and that can live in water or on land - include salamanders, newts, caecilians, frogs and toads * are animals that live above water and under water such as frogs and toads - both on land and in water - on land and return to water to breed each year - who adapted to living both on land and in water - with moist, hairless skin which water passes through, both in and out - born in the water - both aquatic and terrestrial - carnivores that are major consumers of invertebrates, especially insects - cold blooded creatures - cold-blooded and live in humid areas to avoid desiccation * are cold-blooded animals like reptiles - that possess backbones - vertebrates, which are animals that have backbones - completely dependent on an aquatic environment for a. respiration * are creatures that spend most of their lives in water but can also survive on land - which spend part of their life in water and part of their life on dry land - crucial both as a source of prey and as predators controlling other small species - ectothermic, meaning they can warm their body through metabolic processes - especially sensitive to contamination from agrochemicals - excellent indicators of water quality and ecosystem health - exceptional among tetrapods in having very little keratin and a thin stratum corneum - far more sensitive to environmental hazards because of their permeable skin * are good indicators of environmental health - significant environmental changes - the quality of a habitat * are important barometers of the health of the environment - environmental indicators - in other ways as well - members of wildlife communities associated with forest ecosystems - predators of insects, other invertebrates and vertebrates - in most cases, small, diverse, and sensitive to environmental variability - known as indicator species - like fish because they have a backbone - members of the class Amphibia - motor vehicles - natural indicators of our planet's well-being - naturally sluggish - now the object of intensive studies to solve the mystery of their decline * are often a good indicator of ecosystem health - sentinels of environmental conditions causing disease and death - osmotically-challenged due to their highly permeable skin and egg membranes - predatory animals - present too but in relatively low numbers - prey for a great variety of predators because they are small and they have soft skin - quite important for humans - relatively easy prey to hunt * are sensitive indicators of environmental problems - to many environmental factors - surprisingly variable * are the dominant terrestrial vert - first animals affected by environmental problems * are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with limbs - vertebrates with four limbs - vertebrates with well developed zygapophyses - least well-represented group in managed areas - only group of vertebrates that undergo metamorphosis during their lifetime * are the only vertebrates that go through any type of metamorphosis after being born - to go through metamorphosis - to wetlands what canaries are to gold mines - typically aquatic as larvae and terrestrial as adults - vertebrate tetrapods - vertebrates, so they have a bony skeleton - vulnerable to any environmental factors that affect the skin - without question a vital link in the vertebrate food chain * become more common. - their lives in the water * biology and husbandry. * breathe through both their skin and their lungs * brumate in existing holes created by roots or small mammals. * can often absorb oxygen through their skin if necessary - reduce water loss by reducing the amount of surface area exposed to evaporation - use gills, lungs, and skin for gas exchange * carry no diseases transmissible to humans. * close jaws. * continue to decline worldwide. * develop limbs. * dintegrate underwater and their remains are unlikely to surface. * divide their time between freshwater and terrestrial. * exhibit features. * first breathe with gills, and then they breathe with lungs. * go from the egg, to the larva, to the adult. * go through a two-stage life cycle * have ability - backbones and can breathe through their skin - backbones, are cold-blooded, and live on land and in water at different times - colour vision and depth of focus for clear sight - dual habitats, dividing their time between land and water - eyes which are adjusted to seeing both on land and in water - four legs, and often look like reptiles - kidneys * have long tails and slender bodies - lots of skin glands - lungs, but they also breathe through their skin - many unique or unusual developmental characteristics - moist, permeable skins that readily absorb chemicals from the environment * have smooth and moist skin and they lay eggs without shells * have smooth, moist skin without scales - soft, generally moist skin without scales * have thin skin that is permeable to water and much of the grunge that occurs in water * hunt insects. * include frogs. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * inhabit a great variety of ecological niches, including such arid regions as deserts * lay eggs in water * like to live near freshwater in warm weather. - local colonies - two different media, air and water - wetlands, and in moist humid areas - on land and in the water * make up most of the diet, but fish and invertebrates also eaten. * mark the transition between the aquatic and terrestrial environment. * mostly live in the canopy of the tropical rainforest - require fresh water to reproduce * need fresh water * often forage in upland areas but return to the water to mate and reproduce. * play a pivotal role in ecosystem as secondary consumers in many food chains. - skulls * predate reptiles in the fossil record. * prefer cooler, moister areas * provide many ecosystem services valued by society - new insights into taste bud development - sustiance for other organisms, as well * rely on external fertilization in the water - to varying degrees on diffusion of gases over their skin * require water in which to lay their eggs and for the tadpoles to grow to adulthood - to keep their skin moist * respire through their skin. * respond to danger in several ways. * rest in the cool, moist micro-habitat that dead trees provide. * retain gills. * simply have a brain without a cerebral cortex. * spend part of their life cycle in water and part on land. * spend part of their life in water and part of it on land - water and part of their life on land - lives living in water and the other part living on land * spend time both in water and on land - in water and land environments - the same way * take advatange of the temporary pools in order to breed. * tend to show similar symptoms for a variety of disease states. - freshwater biomes, whether they be running water or stagnant marshland * undergo larval phases - seasonal pools of water within low spots for breeding - their skin as a respiratory surface * usually have to stay near water sources to prevent drying out, and have smooth skin - live in or near the water * vary considerably in their hunting practices. * walk out of the water. + Amphibian, Anatomy, Senses and skeletal system * The skeletal system of amphibians are similar to other four-legged animals. They have a spine, rib cage, long bones such as the humerus and femur. They also have short bones such as the phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals. Most amphibians have four limbs, except for caecilians. The bones in amphibians are hollow and do not weigh much * Most amphibians have a good sense of smell. Their eyes have color and clear vision * Amphibians are predatory animals. If there is no food to be found, they will eat each other. * Amphibians are predatory animals. They mostly eat live invertebrates and animals that do not move too quickly. These include caterpillars, earthworms, crayfish, water beetles, snails and dragon fly larvae. Wells, Kentwood David 2007. University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226893340p667 Many amphibians use their sticky tongues to catch their prey. They will swallow the animal whole, but may chew it just a bit for it to go down their throats + Amphibian, Living amphibia, Adaptations, Respiration * Amphibians like to live near freshwater in warm weather. There have also been species which live in forests, deserts and arctic conditions. Adult amphibians use lungs, and they also get oxygen through their skin, so long as it is moist. Biology of amphibians'. Johns Hopkins University Press * Amphibians have colour vision and depth of focus for clear sight. They also have eye lids, glands and ducts which keep the eyes moist - Reproduction * Amphibians are the only vertebrates to go through metamorphosis. This means that their young looks different than adult amphibians. Male frogs and toads will croak to attract a female. When a female frog has chosen a mate, the male frog will hop on top of her. Frogs can lay up to 100 to 60,000 eggs in one clutch - Reproduction, Eggs * Some amphibians lay eggs that are very clear. This makes it easy to watch a tadpole grow inside its egg. * Tree frogs usually lay their eggs on a leaf. Bullfrogs, such as the male American bullfrog and the male African bullfrog, will stay with their tadpoles and protect them from predators. They do this so their tadpoles will not dry up. Most amphibians leave their eggs to look after themselves. Fish and other animals do eat most of their eggs. Male midwife toads carry their eggs on their backs + Frog, Characteristics * Frogs have skin with no scales or hair. They can take in oxygen from either water or air. Mucus that helps their skin to stay wet and slippery. Many amphibians have toxic skin. They have secretions which makes their skin poisonous. + Frogs as pets: Pets :: Frogs * Tree frogs like to climb and can escape if a pet owner does not add a top cover for their tanks. Semi-aquatic amphibians need both land and water divided in the tank. Tropical frogs would need mist and high humidity in their terrariums. All amphibians water must be treated with dechlorination. The chlorine can kill amphibians, and are found in tap water. Many amphibians are a popular exotic pet and are found in pet stores that sell reptiles.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian: Anuran * All anurans lay eggs, have external fertilization, and develop from tailed tadpoles. * Some anurans carry their eggs imbedded in their backs - have serous glands who secretion is more proteinaceous and watery than mucus * also reduce competition by reproducing at different ages. * are amphibians which live part of thier lives in water and the other part on land - either frogs or toads * are more specialized than urodeles for moving on land - widespread, diverse, and numerous than either salamanders or caecilians * can live almost anywhere - only regenerate their limbs during embryonic development * catch thier food by lunging forward and grabbing the food with thier tongues. * consume a good many number of insects including spiders and other small invertebrates. * flip their tongues at their prey. * is an amphibian	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian: Caecilian * All caecilians possess a pair of tentacles , located between their eyes and nostrils. * Some caecilians are capable of inflicting painful bites and some have poisonous secretions. * are a major amphibian group restricted to the tropics, mostly in forested areas - amphibians that move just like earthworms * are found in tropical Africa , Asia and Central and South America - spottily throughout the African, American, and Asian wet tropics - limbless and have a short tail, or none at all - primitive amphibians that resemble earthworms - the least-known * are the only order of amphibians that use internal insemination - which only use internal insemination * come in some strikingly colored varieties, including orange and gray with yellow stripes. * detect prey by a. b. c. d. using their keen eyesight. * eat earthworms, termites and beetle larvae, and also small lizards. * exhibit cutanious respiration and high evaporative water loss. * feed primarily on small invertebrates, including termites and earthworms. * have no limbs - separate large and small intestine, just intestine with very little coiling - tail and frogs and toads only have a tail in the larval stage - small eyes which are covered by skin for protection * kill their prey quickly with their sharp teeth. * lack external limbs and are well adapted for a soil-burrowing lifestyle - limbs and resemble snakes or worms * own a very special organ on their head, it is an extendable small tentacle. + Amphibian, Diet, null, Feeding in captivity * Caecilians eat earthworms, termites and beetle larvae, and also small lizards. University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 0806130660p31 Caecilians rely on their smell to find food. They like to eat earthworms and will find them by picking up their chemical signals. Salamanders and newts are fed a lot of different types of worms. These include blood worms and earthworms. They can eat small fish such as goldfish, fathead minnows and guppies - Gymnophiona: Amphibians * The order Gymnophiona includes the caecilians. These are long, cylindrical, limbless animals that look like snakes or worms. Their skin has circular folds, increasing their similarity to the segments of earthworms. Some are aquatic but most live underground in burrows they hollow out. Many caecilians give birth to live young, and in the animals that do not do this, the eggs may undergo metamorphosis before they hatch. Caecilians are found in tropical Africa, Asia and Central and South America. There are 171 different species + Caecilian, Anatomy * Caecilians have no limbs. For this reason, the smaller species look like worms, while the larger species with lengths up to 1.5 m look similar to snakes. The tail is short and the cloaca is near the end of the body. Their skin is smooth and usually dark in colour. Some species have colorful skins, though. Inside the skin are calcite scales - Reproduction * Caecilians are the only order of amphibians which only use internal insemination. The male Caecilians have a penis-like organ, the phallodeum, which is inserted into the cloaca of the female for 2 to 3 hours. The eggs are guarded by the female. For some species the young caecilians are already metamorphosed when they hatch, other hatch as larvae. The larvae are not fully aquatic, but spend the daytime in the soil near the water. Encyclopedia of reptiles and amphibians'	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian: Frog * All frogs are amphibians * All frogs can jump long distances - swim * All frogs have a high degree of similarity, which makes classification difficult - compact bodies with a large head and well-developed eyes * All frogs have poison glands in their skin - live near water - reproduce sexually , and all hatch from eggs - require some protection from predators and inclement weather * Many frogs are dormant during freezing weather - insectivores, meaning they eat living insects - semi-aquatic - can leap up to twenty times their body length - have poisonous skins - live in the rainforest for warmth and dampness - secrete a poisonous substance through their skin * Most frogs adapt to climates - cold climates - rainforests - also have skin * Most frogs are active at night, which is when the air is more humid - evolved from ancestors * Most frogs are inside environments - lakes - ponds * Most frogs are known as amphibians - animals * Most frogs are located in continents - wetland - wood - nocturnal - become frogs * Most frogs begin adult life - their lives inside eggs underwater - breathe through lungs - call from dusk to midnight - can leap twenty to even forty times their own body length - choose to spend their lives in ponds and streams in the tropics * Most frogs come out of hibernation * Most frogs depend on habitats - vegetation * Most frogs develop eggs - legs - display short term movement * Most frogs do in fact have teeth of a sort - very little to protect their babies * Most frogs eat bugs - crickets, dusted once a week with a vitamin powder - grasshoppers - large insects * Most frogs eat live insects - prey - pests - spiders * Most frogs emerge from eggs - swamp * Most frogs enter environments - excrete waste - exist on earth - extend legs - follow exact steps * Most frogs generally have moist skin * Most frogs generally have smooth moist skin - get energy * Most frogs give birth to frogs - offspring * Most frogs go into hibernation - to ponds * Most frogs has-part bellies - bones - feet - hearts - mouths - necks - nerves - organs - tongues * Most frogs have a delicate sense of touch - disk of skin behind each eye - sticky tongue attached to the front part of the mouth - ability - calls - certain hormones - chemicals - clammy skin - dark spots - develop tadpoles - development life cycle stages - diets - digits - dirty undersides - front legs - hind legs - hip joints - irises - larval stages - lifespans * Most frogs have long legs - sticky tongues - permeable skin * Most frogs have powerful hind legs - protrude eyes - pupils - ranges - ribs - ridges - sacs * Most frogs have short hind legs - skin secretion - slit pupils - smooth skin - sprout eyes * Most frogs have sticky tongues that attach in the front of the mouth and flip outward - teeth in the upper jaws * Most frogs have thin, moist skin, which is quite gross, but they are still cute - toes - vertical slit pupils * Most frogs have vocal sacs that act as resonating or amplifying chambers - white undersides - wrinkly skin - hear sound * Most frogs inhabit arid areas - same areas - leave water - like to spend their time in the water hiding near aquatic plants * Most frogs live in areas - conditions - creeks * Most frogs live in dry conditions - desert conditions - gardens - locations - marsh - or near fresh water - tap water * Most frogs live near lakes, rivers, and streams * Most frogs live on diets - ground - look for mates * Most frogs make noise * Most frogs move eyes * Most frogs occupy meadows - mountain meadows - only fertilize their eggs outside of the body * Most frogs prefer calm water - dryer climates * Most frogs produce noxious secretion - substances - waxy substances - reach maturity - rely on legs * Most frogs require habitats - sustenance - secrete thick white substances - seek food * Most frogs sit in environments - holes - moist places - on logs * Most frogs start life - to call about half an hour after sunset - survive for years * Most frogs survive in habitats - natural habitats - predation - thrive in wetland - undergo development * Most frogs use hind limbs - powerful legs * Most frogs use their lungs and skin to breathe - sticky tongue to capture prey * Some frogs also eat small mammals and birds - secrete a toxic or distasteful substance from their skin - appear in islands * Some frogs are cannibals - classified as lists - green, like the marsh frog - highly aquatic, while others are better adapted to terrestrial habitats * Some frogs are inside Africa * Some frogs are located in Wisconsin - basins - on islands - very quick to jump * Some frogs attract attention - avoid poison - become pests - benefit from light - burrow into the soil in the summer or winter * Some frogs can change their color to adapt to their surroundings - climb trees and have sticky pads on their toes - even call under water - live for two years - survive in conditions well below freezing - care about the frequency of a call, others about the timing * Some frogs carry blood - urine - viruses * Some frogs cause cancer - deformities - change color - come from Florida * Some frogs conserve body fluid * Some frogs cross lakes - tracks - die from diseases * Some frogs die from mysterious diseases - skin diseases - do have teeth * Some frogs eat ants - arthropods - butterflies - cave crickets - dragonflies - fruit flies or other flying insects - mealworms - moths - salamanders - emerge from hideouts - enter states - escape predators - even release a fluid as a form of self defense when handled - excrete urea - feed in lakes * Some frogs feed on termites and ants underground * Some frogs fill ecological niches - similar ecological niches - float in ponds - follow tracks - get amphibians - go to ground * Some frogs have a long sticky tongue they use to grab flying insects like fruit flies - pineal organ similar to the third eye of reptiles - adhesive pads - affection - components - different lifestyle - disks - eardrums - incredible appetite - kinds - large toe pads - no tongue and just stuff food into their mouths with their hands - ovaries - poison in their skin - production - small adhesive pads - testes - tongues that are long and sticky that can be used to catch bugs - toxic skin * Some frogs help habitats - scientists - hide in holes - lead very different lives * Some frogs leave burrows - live for years * Some frogs live in Alberta - Asia - Canada - Finland - Malaysia - Minnesota - ditches - mud - neighborhoods - regions - tanks - wet meadows * Some frogs live on environments - up to years * Some frogs lose skin - weight - love food * Some frogs make poison - toxins - migrate to lakes - never enter the water - obtain poison * Some frogs occur in Australia * Some frogs possess adhesive discs - hairlike filaments on their legs - prefer fast move rivers * Some frogs produce acid - toxic poison * Some frogs protect territory - themselves with poisonous fluids that are secreted onto their skin - provide food - raise tadpoles - remain in states - require soil * Some frogs retain tadpole tails - run across surfaces - serve as food - show adaptive responses * Some frogs sit on eggs * Some frogs spread hind legs * Some frogs survive for decades - months - tend their eggs but most leave the mass of frog spawn * Some frogs thrive in Hawaii - transmit sound - undergo direct development and hatch as miniature adults * Some frogs use camouflage to avoid predators - materials - swim skills - wait for prey - weigh pounds * abound in our wet tropical climate, as do the little green lizards. * absorb water through their skin. - their environments in a variety of ways * already have problems from loss of habitat. * also appear to be at slightly higher densities near streams during the drought - differ in color * also have a special role to play in keeping the environment healthy - tympanum, which acts like a simple ear - amazing sense of hearing - smoother, moister skin than toads, as well as longer hind legs - hibernate - represent transformation of the positive kind - use their large hind legs for swimming - vibrate their bodies to shake off mistaken males * are a barometer of the health of an ecosystem - good example of r-selected organisms - symbol of good luck in Japan - type of reptile - well-recognized type of amphibian - able to see particularly well in dim conditions, including underwater - active at night, when humans are asleep - adaptable animals, and they occasionally utilize unusual shelters - adornment * are also exceptionally valuable in insect control - likely to eat poisoned insects with fatal consequences - typically longer than toads - very useful in cures - among the oldest creatures on the planet * are amphibians , animals that spend part of their lives under water and the remainder on land - while dogs are mammals - and ducks are aves * are amphibians, animals that spend part of their lives in water and the remainder on land - iguanas and snakes are reptiles - meaning they can live in water and on land - which means that they can live in water or on land * are an ecologically sensitive, essential link in the food chain of many species - example of the class Amphibia * are an important animal to our environment besides being endearing creatures to admire - part of the ecological balance of many habitats - another common prey item for vipers - at the line of worldwide extinction - beneficial to humans because they eat so many insect pests - bizarre lissamphibians with dramatically reduced skeletons * are capable of hops - jumps - leaps - pets - swims - carnivores and eat live prey such as insects, snails, spiders, worms and small fish * are carnivores, eating practically any animals that are small enough and non-toxic - mice are herbivores - clubbedand skinned alive * are cold blooded animals so their body temperature drops as the temperature drops - colorful year-round - cool little animals - delicate and important creatures - dependent on wetlands for breeding, and throughout their lives - distinguished from the toads by their smooth skin as the latter have warty skin - easiest to spot on the ground on damp mornings - eaten by snakes or hawks - essentially inactive in their winter hibernacula - everywhere and in all types of materials and in all sizes from tiny to large - examples of vertebrates - extremely sensitive to changes in the environment - famous for their gullibility - fascinating animals that feature unique behaviors and characteristics - frequent in the marshy areas * are good bio-indicators of environmental health - jumpers with long powerful legs - green and they jump - happy creatures that are a lot of fun to watch and care for - hunters - in serious trouble worldwide, with half of all species at risk of extinction - for cannibalism too - from the Triassic, while salamanders and caecilians first appear in the Jurassic - lawns - porchs - many different colors * are members of the class Amphibia - zoological class called Amphibia - more likely to be out calling when it is warm and wet - much poorer diamagnets - nocturnal creatures that feed on small insects - one of the best indicators of ecological health - overwhelmingly the most abundant amphibians in the rainforest - plentiful and there is also a healthy population of both toads and newts - raised as a food source - remarkable creatures, but there limit to the conditions they can adapt to - selective and only breed when temperatures in the air and water are just right - semi-aquatic reptiles - sick and dying - silent when hunting their food which consists of live insects * are small and sit in the mud - animals classified as amphibians - social creatures that live in groups - sometimes important in protein-deficient areas - staple in the diets of just about any slop bass - supposed to do a lot of things - tadpoles when they are young * are the coolest animal in the world - first backboned animal to live on land * are the most common groups of amphibians and they are widely distributed across the globe - defenseless animals - durable of the amphibians - typically a very hardy animal, but they still can, and do, become sick - used extensively for laboratory studies in dissection and physiology - very adaptable creatures, they can live in almost any environment - well known for their musical vocalizations, but the bullsnake can hiss loudly too - wiggly and wet and can be hard to hold * begin their insistent clamor, and salamanders come out of hiding to hunt upon dew-wet ground - life as an egg in the water - lives as a tadpole which are amphibians - to converse in the tules * belong to a group of animals called amphibians. * breathe air - and absorb water through their skin, which is periodically shed * breathe through their lungs and their smooth moist skin - skin so even adult frogs can be affected by polluted water - with their lungs and skin * burrow just below the mud at the bottom of lakes. * can also leap away when provoked - be different colors * can be very difficult to find * can breathe through their skin as well as their lungs - capture a hummingbird, although the result is probably death to both - close their eyes by pulling the eyeballs deeper into their sockets - control mosquitoes in ponds - die in water that starts off comfortable and is heated to boiling temperatures - have strong back legs * can hear both in the air and below water - using big round ears on the sides of their head called a tympanum - just leap into the pond if they are thirsty * can live equally well in water or on land - in some unusual places * can live on land and in fresh water - the ground or in trees - only see in black and white - remain so rigid and motionless that even respiratory movements is unobserved - retract their eyes into their sockets - see forwards, sideways and upwards all at the same time - serve as paratenic hosts of many parasites that eventually wind up in a mammalian host - still live with a hole in their head - turn into princes and apes into men * catch crickets * cling to bark and leaves. * close eyes. * collaborate with fish and pond water. * come in all colors. * commonly croak to attract other frogs - have four legs and one foot on each leg * complete development * consume food. * cover the land. * croak and sing to send messages to one another - more and ducks quack louder before rain - to attract females * cross habitats * crossing The road ahead is used by migrating frogs. * cry from the trees as ghosts of humans and animals. - missing limbs and also extra limbs * display movement * do have some tools in their defensive repertoire though. * easily absorb chemicals through their skin. * eat a lot of insects and so help to keep the bug population down - bumble bees and many kinds of bugs and incects - flies that spoil the fruit of knowledge - insects and each other - living insects and worms * eat mainly insects and other small animals, including earthworms, minnows, and spiders - mice, insects, other invertebrates, and other vertebrates - millions of insects daily, and they also eat small invertabrates - smaller insects and plants - termites and insects and help to keep the balance of nature by insect control * eggs one day after being laid. * even breath through their skin - tend to snap at the last minute to a shrinking worm just before it disappears - use their legs to dig, or burrow, underground for hibernating * face a formidable number of predators, yet their defenses are few. * feed in trees. * feed on arthropods - using their long tongue * feel the heat Amphibian populations are in rapid and concerning decline globally. * first begin as eggs that are encased in a jelly. * float in water. - through a metamorphosis, which means changes or stages - pelves * hate snakes. * have a body plan that is more specialized than the salamander body plan for movement on land - surrounded by a skin with some unusual properties - temperature that's near that of the environment - function, but humans have a destiny - positive pressure system of ventilating their lungs - reputation for leaping that is well deserved - small number of birth defects naturally - smell organ in the roof of their mouths called the jacobson's organ - three-chambered heart, consisting of two atria and a single ventricle - very interesting life cycle and are fascinating to study - auxiliary vocal sacs that, when inflated, serve to make the voice more resonant - excellent hearing and sing to find one another * have external fertilization - fertilzation and development - gills and a tail to live in water when they are tadpoles - knees * have long back legs and webbed feet for jumping and swimming * have long, sticky tongues that they use to catch insects - many predators - metamorphes that means that they have to go through different stages of growth * have more slender bodies, smooth moist skin and hop everywhere - well-developed hind legs than toads do - noses - one of the most delicate metabolisms * have permeable skin that both breathes and takes in water - pour taste and smell and there are no known substances that attract frogs - sensitive skin * have skin secretion - with no scales or hair - skinnier bodies than toads to * have smooth skin and long powerful back legs with webbed feet for jumping and swimming - soft skin * have smooth, damp skin and long legs for swimming or leaping - moist skin and toads have rough dry skin - slimy skins * have smooth, wet skin that looks slimy - skin, while a toad's skin is dry and bumpy - smoother skin and longer legs for leaping - soft, thin skin that easily absorbs any chemical in the water - special skin to help keep dirt and germs out - squat bodies, long muscular hind legs, typically lack tails and metamorphose - stimulation - strong, long legs, webbed hind feet, and two bulging eyes * have teeth on their upper jaws but none on their lower - that are next to their upper jaw and are known as maxillary teeth * have tiny teeth on both upper and lower jaws, while toads lack any teeth - teeth, but toads are toothless - tongues that are long, flexible, and sticky - true voice boxes and are noted for their various sounds - two basic organs for chemical olfaction or detection of odors * have very good eyesight - permeable skin and are therefore very sensitive to toxic substances - small ears hidden at the back of their head * have vocal sacs which swell up when the frog is calling or croaking * have white hearts and humans' have red hearts * hear using big round ears on the sides of their head - their sides of their head, called typanum * help rainforests. * hibernate in the mud in the bottom of the pond during winter - winter when it is too cold - over winter * hide from the cold by burrowing in mud. * hop up to one mile from breeding ponds to feed. * hunt insects. * include frogs - wood frogs * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * indeed have some bizarre behaviors. * inhabit areas * is also protector of the environment - an amphibian * jump by first flexing their forelegs and tilting their bodies upward - over lilies * lay eggs. * leap into water. * leave the holes where they have spent the winter * lift heads. * like to be in or near water. * like to eat insects * live all over the world. - damp grass and vegetation near fresh water and now is the time when food is plentiful - many areas of the world - oceans - the water, and breathe through their skin * live in water all the time - and jump everywhere they go - wet places called wetlands - independently - water, toads live on dry land - off flies, other creatures live off frogs and so on and so on down the food chain * live on all continents except Antarctica * live on every continent except Antarctica - in the world except Antarctica - part of their life on land and part of their life in water * living in the mountains protect themselves in different ways. * love dinner. * make great pets and they are very simple to care for - great, low-maintenance pets - the poison out of specific insects they eat in nature - their calls with the help of one or two pouches of skin called vocal sacs - up a group that is known to go back over two million years * mate in springs. * means all species of frogs and toads native to New York. * migrate to ponds. * move by leaping over other frogs of either color * naturally cling to one another when spawning. * need oxygen. * normally show no such striping, because each optic tectum has projections from one eye alone. * occupy habitats * often consume insects and lay eggs to produce young - mate based on the weather - use rocks, logs and tree stumps for shelter * only eat live food - move rightward or downward, toads can only move leftward and upward * perform their joyful chorus and leave behind millions of bubbly clusters of eggs. * play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies. * play an important role in insect control - the ecology they eat insects * possess defence - embryos - features - vision - cooler waters * rely heavily on water all through their lives * reproduce in many ways, from laying eggs to giving birth to live young. * reproduce sexually and through external fertilization - by producing sperm and eggs - sexually, though the fertilization process typically happens outside their bodies - through eggs, which they lay in the water * require a balanced diet in order to maintain a healthy life - from four to eight years to reach maturity * resemble frogs. * respond to external stimuli * rest on marsh. * return to lakes * secrete substances * share environments * shed skin - the outer layer of their skin many times a year * sing away the summer as garter snakes hunt in the tall grass. * sometimes drop from the sky during a rain - have upper teeth whereas toads have no teeth at all * speak numbers to reinforce learning. * spend at least some stage in their life cycle in water - most of their time on the land, but are mostly around some or the other water body - some time on land - their early life breathing through gills * spend their lives both in water and on land - near water and eat insects, small fish, earthworms and spiders * start laying their spawn, birds build nests and lay their eggs * start out as unshelled eggs - life in ponds and puddles * start their lives as 'eggs' often laid in or near fresh water - aquatic tadpoles with gills to breathe - to breed when they are fully grown at two to three years old * suffer a massive toxic attack if they come in contact with it. * swallow food - large prey * swim in habitats * take care - in water through their skin * talk through their ears. * tend to be more active at lower temperatures than snakes and lizards - lay eggs single eggs in masses, whereas toads usually lay eggs in long chains * tend to move before toads, the newts span the whole migration period - into swampy or very damp and muddy neighborhoods such as pond bottoms * think it is winter and sleep beneath the snow. * thrive in rainforests - on insects - where there are mosquitoes, chiggers, and black flies * travel from non-breeding areas to breeding areas of ponds and lakes. * try to look as big as bulls and burst themselves. * turn out to be some of the most sensitive organisms to substrate-borne vibrations. * typically breed in freshwater - eat insects and make frequent vocalizations - metamorphosis between an aquatic larval stage and a terrestrial adult stage * use powerful hind legs for movement * use their long, powerful back legs for swimming and jumping - sticky, muscular tongue to catch and swallow food - tongues to snatch up prey - voices to find mates * usually breed in water, be it a pond, lake, marsh or in puddles after a heavy rain - crouch on rocks or clumps of grass within a few jumps of water * usually have a smooth, moist skin and spend most of their lives in or near water - smooth skin and muscular legs for jumping - stay away from deep or fast-flowing water * vary a great deal in their tolerance to acid water. * visit ponds. * walk across the dune surface leaving distinctive tracks. * want food. + Amphibian, Habitats: Amphibians * Frogs can live on land and in fresh water. They cannot survive in salt water. Their development is by metamorphosis. They hatch as tadpoles from eggs, which are laid by a female frog. The eggs are called frogspawn. Tadpoles have tails and gills. * Adult frogs can jump with their legs. They have long tongues that they use to catch bugs. They make a sound called a croak. Some species live in trees, and some types of frog are protected by being poisonous. Frogs live all over the world. If an overseas species of frogs is introduced to another country, the ecosystem might be affected. + Frog, Characteristics * Frogs are cold blooded animals. This means that they need heat to keep up their body temperature. If the temperature outside is cold, amphibians will not be active. Some frogs aestivate during winter or during droughts. They usually look for underground place to aestivate. These include burrowing in muds and holes. * Frogs have skin with no scales or hair. They can take in oxygen from either water or air. Mucus that helps their skin to stay wet and slippery. Many amphibians have toxic skin. They have secretions which makes their skin poisonous. * Many frogs are semi-aquatic. They may live on both land and in water, and in any event prefer damp places. These include ponds, swamps, rivers and lakes. Most adults live where they grew up. Most amphibians lay their eggs in foam nests. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians'.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| frog: Aquatic frog * Most aquatic frogs excrete waste - have eyes * Some aquatic frogs use swim skills. * spend the winter in the water at the bottom of a nice stream, river, lake, or wetland. * swim deep underwater and lie on a muddy pond bottom or hide among plant matter.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| frog: Bullfrog * Many bullfrogs are known to have many viruses and bacteria. * Most bullfrogs adapt to environments - are found near sources * Most bullfrogs have behaviour - big appetite - characteristics - diets - senses - throats - yellow throats - hide from predators - inhabit various habitats * Most bullfrogs live in ponds - up to years * Most bullfrogs reach maturity - sexual maturity * Most bullfrogs require oxygen - warm water * Some bullfrogs come out of hibernation. * Some bullfrogs eat dive beetles - great dive beetles - larvae - have calls - live in water * Some bullfrogs occupy circular pits - small circular pits * Some bullfrogs rely on aquatic prey * It belongs to the family Ranidae, or 'true frogs'. Bullfrogs are native to most of North America, Canada and Mexico. The ones that live in northern America hibernate during winter. However, bullfrogs in southern US states are active all the time. Bullfrogs have been seen in South America, Asia, Western Europe and the Caribbean. These bullfrogs were imported on ships. Many people, including pet owners, have placed bullfrogs outside of their native area. * can adapt and live almost anywhere if there is water nearby. They can eat rodents, insects, small fish, arachnids, small birds, crustaceas, small mammals, worms, and other frogs. Because of this, they have been blamed for many animal extinctions. Bullfrogs live in large bodies of water such as swamps, lakes, and ponds. They like to stay near the edge of the water. During a rainstorm, they may travel on land. * can adapt and live almost anywhere if there is water nearby. They can eat rodents, insects, small fish, arachnids, small birds, crustaceas, small mammals, worms, and other frogs. Because of this, they have been blamed for many animal extinctions. Bullfrogs live in large bodies of water such as swamps, lakes, and ponds. They like to stay near the edge of the water. During a rainstorm, they may travel on land. They travel in search of a new habitat. * can live up to four years. One captive bullfrog lived up to 16 years. Bullfrogs can be kept as pets. Captive bullfrogs are given rodents, small fish, crickets, worms, and fruit flies as food and treats. Pet owners may add supplements on the frogs food for health. Bullfrogs can host many viruses, bacteria and parasites. * can live up to four years. One captive bullfrog lived up to 16 years. Bullfrogs can be kept as pets. Captive bullfrogs are given rodents, small fish, crickets, worms, and fruit flies as food and treats. Pet owners may add supplements on the frogs food for health. Bullfrogs can host many viruses, bacteria and parasites. They were blamed for an intraerythrocytic virus outbreak in Canada in 1997. Bullfrogs are the cause of the chytrid fungus spreading into Arizona. The fungus is one of the main reasons that there are fewer amphibians. * A female bullfrog can lay up to 20,000 eggs. Bullfrog tadpoles take up to a year to become a young frog. Males will stay behind and take care of the tadpoles. Males are territorial and will attack any animal, including their own kind, if they come near them. Bullfrogs can decrease the mosquito population. They do this by eating most of the mosquito's larvae. Bullfrogs do not move during the day, except if there is food nearby or when threatened * also have a good sense of vision and sense vibrations. * are a dark green - problem because they have voracious appetites - source of food for Southern United States and the Midwestern United States - active at night - another animal that lives in and out of the pond - bullies who grab anything alive that they think they can swallow * are difficult to capture on film as they are virtually impossible to sneak up on - raise - either brown or green - extremely territorial, as well - fussy eaters, preferring live insects that wiggle in their mouths before they swallow * are good at hearing - hunters and extremely carnivorous - green or brown in color with a white or yellow belly and dark legs - insatiable and indiscriminate - more active at night - most active dawn and dusk * are native east of the Rocky Mountains and they prey upon pupfish here in California - to most of North America , Canada and Mexico - one of the most common and prominent amphibians in all of North America - responsible for the decline of garter snakes in Mexico - semi - aquatic frogs - semi-aquatic frogs - sexually dimorphic , with males being smaller than females and having yellow throats - territorial and work hard to protect their space - used in biology classes in schools for dissection and are sometimes kept as pets - usually green to greenish-brown * become common. * begin to breed in wetlands, ponds, and shallow lakes between age four and eight. * breed once each year. - host many viruses , bacteria and parasites * can live up to fifteen years - reach a length of - weigh up to * close their nostrils and continue to breathe through their skin while under water. * do well in areas modified by humans. * easily adapt to environments modified by human beings. * eat animals - mice and other small frogs - other amphibians - small mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and even other frogs * feed on insects, frogs and toads as well as small mammals, birds and reptiles. * have a host of enemies * have big appetite - warts that can come in handy - eardrums behind their eyes - strong rear legs with completely webbed feet and are highly aquatic - teeth on the top of their mouths * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - heads - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sauces - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * inhabit habitats * live in large bodies of water such as swamps , lakes , and ponds - most parts of Canada , Mexico and the United States * make good pets, too - their loud, croaking calls during the night * now have no status in Minnesota. * pass through several stages of development during their relatively brief life cycles. * prefer larger streams and river banks, or large semi-permanent ponds and lakes - warm, weedy, permanent ponds and lakes * react strongly to movement. * show emergence. * usually inhabit permanent waters of river bays, lakes and large ponds. + Bullfrog, Adults: Frogs :: Symbols of Oklahoma * Bullfrogs can reach a length of. Females are larger than males. Bullfrogs can weigh up to. Bullfrogs are either brown or green. They also have darker spots on their back. Bullfrogs have webbed feet for swimming. * Bullfrogs can reach a length of. Females are larger than males. Bullfrogs can weigh up to. Bullfrogs are either brown or green. They also have darker spots on their back. Bullfrogs have webbed feet for swimming. They can leap up to. Male bullfrogs can be heard roaring when mating with a female. * Bullfrogs can reach a length of. Females are larger than males. Bullfrogs can weigh up to. Bullfrogs are either brown or green. They also have darker spots on their back. Bullfrogs have webbed feet for swimming. They can leap up to. Male bullfrogs can be heard roaring when mating with a female. Males also have bigger tympanic membranes which cover their ears. * There was one captive bullfrog that had lived up to 16 years. Males are territorial and will attack any animal, including their own kind, if they come near them. They will jump, wrestle, and even chase any animal away. Bullfrogs are good at hearing. * Many bullfrogs are known to have many viruses and bacteria. However, only a few of them are important to nature. Bullfrogs was blamed for an intraerythrocytic virus outbreak in Canada in 1997. They were also blamed for a chytrid fungus that spread into Arizona in 2000. The chytrid fungus is believed to be one of the major causes of the decline in amphibian populations. Many bullfrogs can have many parasites including helminths, trematodes, nematodes, protozoans and leeches - Behavior * If the weather outside is cold, they will hibernate for a few days. Bullfrogs are active at night. They can be seen hopping around gardens and streets. During the day, they will be near the edge of the water. They will begin moving if food is nearby, or if they feel threatened - Conservation status * Bullfrogs compete with other frogs for food, and can even kill their own kind if food is no where to be found. The AIS are animals who are able to decrease other species and even make them extinct worldwide. Bullfrogs are responsible for the decline of garter snakes in Mexico. In a laboratory experiment by Alford in 1989, bullfrogs decreased the population of Cope's gray treefrog. The study introduced the bullfrogs with Cope's gray treefrog in a controlled environment - Feeding * In a 1913 study, it was found that bullfrogs will eat any animal it can overpower and stuff down its throat. Cardini F. 1974. Specializations of the feeding response of the bullfrog, 'Rana catesbeiana', for the capture of prey submerged in water. M.S. Thesis, U. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA These studies show the bullfrog's diet is unique among North American 'Rana'. Bullfrogs are also known to eat ducklings and tadpoles. Bullfrogs have teeth on the top of their mouths. Their tongues are capable of flipping their food into their mouths. Bullfrogs will eat at night - Habitat and distribution * Bullfrogs are semi-aquatic frogs. They are known to be near lakes, swamps, rivers, and ponds. They spend most of their time swimming. Bullfrogs live in most parts of Canada, Mexico and the United States. There have been introduced to Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, the United Kingdom and Uruguay. They were imported by ships to other parts of the world. * Bullfrogs in northern United States hibernate during the winter time. They hibernate in mud at the bottom of ponds and rivers. They can breathe under water as long as they can get oxygen through their skin. They can also close their nostrils when they are under water. While hibernating, bullfrogs can slow their heart rate and metabolism down. Bullfrogs are more active at night. During the day, bullfrogs may rest under vegetation. Bullfrogs are an important food source for other wildlife, they provide protein for them. If there is a drought, bullfrogs will leave their habitat. During a rainstorm, they move quicker and are seen in large groups - Human use * Bullfrogs are a source of food for Southern United States and the Midwestern United States. People hunt bullfrogs at night near rivers. The bullfrogs' legs are cooked, while their backs are fried. In China, bullfrogs are sold alive for eating. They are then killed and cooked with vegetables. In the state of California, people must have a license to catch bullfrogs for food	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| frog \| bullfrog: American bullfrog * Most american bullfrogs are found near sources. * Most american bullfrogs have big appetite * Most american bullfrogs require oxygen - warm water * Some american bullfrogs have calls. * have appetite Male bullfrog * Most male bullfrogs have throats - yellow throats * aggregate into groups called choruses. * have a yellow throat - several aggressive calls given during territorial encounters * stake out and defend their territory from any male frog intruder. Common frog * Most common frogs live in or around fresh water. * Some common frogs change color. * include frogs - wood frogs Different frog * call at different times, and each species has a unique sound. * live in different places. Female frog * give reciprocal, aggressive calls, as well. * respond only to the call made by males of their own species. Ghost frog * are medium sized frogs , reaching a length of. + Ghost frog, Biology: Frogs * Ghost frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of. They have flat bodies. This lets them climb inside rocky crevices. They have very large toe discs in comparison to their size. This helps to hold onto rocks. The mouthparts of the tadpoles are a sucking disc. Glass frog * Most glass frogs are a lime green color - feed on arthropods * Most glass frogs have larval stages * Most glass frogs are a lime green color. The insides, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract can be seen through the skin. This is the reason for the common name * live in streams. * possess vision. Golden frog * All golden frogs are diurnal, or active during the day. * Most golden frogs have ranges - smooth skin - produce offspring * hear through their skins, and communicate with each other by waving their front feet. * share habitats. Gopher frog * Some gopher frogs leave burrows. * are active at night - found mainly in the flat coastal areas of the southeastern United States - so rare they are known to be in only a handful of locations in South Carolina * have stocky bodies with short arms. * live in hot, dry areas, so they are at risk for drying out. * prefer habitats. Large frog * are more likely to lunge at their targets. * have deep, low frequency voices.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| frog: Male frog * Most male frogs attract mates by giving advertisement calls. * are usually smaller than the female frogs. * call loudly to attract a female. * call to attract females of their own species and to warn off other males - protect their territory and attract females * do tend to go to huge efforts to make sure their territory is defined and well defended - the singing * give calls that attract female frogs to approach and mate. * go through an elaborate ritual to attract mates. * have one or two pouches of skin called vocal sacs - vocal sacs on either side of the throat * risk much for the sake of the next amphibious generation. Marsupial frog * Some marsupial frogs carry their eggs and developing tadpoles under a skin flap on their back. * are so-called because they possess a dorsal brood pouch. Mature frog * are carnivores that eat anything they can catch. * can no longer breathe under water. Northern leopard frog * have glands - hind legs * have powerful hind legs * leap into water. Panamanian frog * Most panamanian frogs have ranges * Some panamanian frogs attract attention - obtain poison * share habitats. Parsley frog * are active foragers at night. * are typical looking frogs - They are closely related to Spadefoot toads and Megophyrids. The parsley frogs are small, smooth skinned frogs. They reach a length of Poison dart frog * adapt to rainforests. * feed on spiders. * have irises - lifespans Rainforest frog * Many rainforest frogs have their babies in the pools of water formed in some bromeliads. * come in a variety of bright colors and sizes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| frog: Red frog * Most red frogs survive in habitats - natural habitats * Some red frogs change color. Tropical frog * Most tropical frogs have skin. * catch prey. Labyrinthodont * are an evolutionary grade, and the group is no longer a term in taxonomy. * is an amphibian + Evolutionary grade, Examples: Taxonomy :: Evolutionary biology Larval amphibian * Most larval amphibians feed on algas. * Some larval amphibians have hemoglobins. Many amphibian * Most many amphibians adapt to life. * Most many amphibians have glands - lungs - poison glands - return to water * Some many amphibians produce urea. Modern amphibian * Most modern amphibians have characteristics. * Most modern amphibians share characteristics - key characteristics - several characteristics * are never free of the aquatic stage - united by several unique traits * breathe by inhaling air into lungs , where oxygen is absorbed. * exhibit features. * include frogs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian: Salamander * All salamanders are carnivorous, eating insects, slugs, worms, and other invertebrates - have scaleless skin, four legs and a tail - lay eggs, with one exception * Many salamanders are nocturnal - can break off their tails to escape the grip of an enemy - exhibit complex courtship rituals - return to their birth pool to breed - use their jaws to catch prey, but frogs also have a tongue for flicking * Most salamanders absorb oxygen. * Most salamanders adapt to conditions - habitat conditions - are inside streams * Most salamanders are known as newts - member of wetland - can regenerate their limbs - carry genes - develop ability * Most salamanders eat diets - earthworms - food * Most salamanders emerge from eggs - engage in activities - evolve over years * Most salamanders exhibit interaction - preference - feed on worms * Most salamanders go through several stages - grow tails * Most salamanders has-part feet - toes - tongues * Most salamanders have backs - bellies - breaths - brown skin - delicate skin - flat heads - four limbs - gills - glomeruluses - moist skin - moist, dark skin and are difficult to see in their natural environment - offspring - only four front toes but five rear toes - ovaries - pink bellies - porous skin - round snouts - slick skin * Most salamanders have smooth and slick skin - testes - tissue - hibernate in winter - hunt food * Most salamanders inhabit areas - barren areas - different environments - live for years * Most salamanders live in damp woodlands - freshwater streams - regions * Most salamanders live on continents - ground - mate and lay their eggs in water but otherwise live on land - move mouths - occupy sites - occur in environments * Most salamanders occur within deciduous forest habitats - play in ponds * Most salamanders possess bodies - ribs - small point teeth * Most salamanders prefer flow streams * Most salamanders reach length - maturity - sexual maturity - regenerate tails * Most salamanders require food - light - little light - retain tails * Most salamanders seek food * Most salamanders share breed habitats - shed skin * Most salamanders stand in water - on feet - swim in water - thrive in environments * Most salamanders use gills - sticky tongues - walk on feet * Some salamanders adapt to niches - specific niches - appear pale due to the lack of melanophores * Some salamanders are breed in late springs - inside ponds - lungless, and respiration occurs through the skin or external gills - member of families - mostly black while others are mostly yellow - paedomorphic - poisonous - belong to genus - can regenerate whole limbs - coil their bodies tightly to prevent evaporative water loss * Some salamanders consume insect larvae - cross roads - curl into balls - develop spots * Some salamanders eat animals - fish - frogs, mice and even other salamanders - small fish - emerge from burrows * Some salamanders enter areas * Some salamanders feed on each others' eggs - lice - wood lice - find in rivers * Some salamanders find on colorado plateaus - grow up to feet * Some salamanders has-part bellies - esophagi * Some salamanders have bars - distribution - life cycle phases - limbs that a greatly reduced or even lack hind limbs - noses - orange undersides - reproductive strategies - roles - unusual reproductive strategies * Some salamanders ingest gravel - small gravel - invade gardens - leave water * Some salamanders live in crevices - forests - homes - lakes - pools - redwoods - trees - outside of caves under rocks or moist logs - make noise * Some salamanders migrate to breed ponds - occupy interiors * Some salamanders occur at density - elevation - high density - only have one set of legs * Some salamanders pass through stages - tadpole stages - prefer slopes * Some salamanders produce hybrid offspring - provide protection - regrow limbs * Some salamanders rely on early winter rain - require wetland - retain gills * Some salamanders roam earth * Some salamanders secrete fluid - toxic fluid - seek mates - seize prey * Some salamanders share backyards - sit on limbs - spend their entire lives in the water - spit poison - stay in the water, but look like adults - successfully use the tail for distracting the attention of predators * Some salamanders survive in environments - moist environments - infection * Some salamanders swim but most stay on land - in lakes - thrive in wetland * Some salamanders use skin - their pineal body to perceive polarised light, which helps navigation - wait for prey * also eat crickets and pinkies , which are baby rats - have a more active electromagnetic aura than other creatures - inhabit a diversity of habitats, from upland wooded forests to streams and swamps - lash their tails at a predator - like the early spring sun * are a type of amphibian - able to regenerate a lost limb or tail - amphibians like frogs * are amphibians that look like a cross between a frog and a lizard - retain their tail as an adult - amphibians, and as such have a constant connection with water - animes - by nature secretive creatures - carnivores, which means they eat meat instead of vegetation - carnivorous throughout their life history - characterized by slender bodies, short legs, and long tails - common in the southern USA, especially Texas - deaf to airborne sounds but hear or feel by sensing vibrations from the ground - delicate creatures and are easily injured - found all over the world generally in more temperate climates - generally smooth-skinned and have no scales - hard to maintain and hard to find - important animals in the aquatic ecosystems of South Dakota * are in damp areas under leaves and rocks - the amphibian family - just one of the many fascinating groups of organisms that often escape our notice - to exhibit internal fertilization * are more abundant in humid eastern North America than any other place in the world - tolerant of cold than frogs, so are more widely distributed in temperate areas - nocturnal, hiding under logs and leaf litter * are on the move during the first warm, hard, and long nighttime rain - surface of the land and in the water in late winter and early spring - popular pets - primarily a north temperate group, occurring in North America, Europe, and Asia - small, secretive, nocturnal and silent - sold online as well as renowned pet stores - solitary animals except during breeding season - tailed amphibians with short, stubby legs * are the fey elementals of fire - only tetrapods able to regeneate limbs, as well as other body parts - second major type of amphibian - typically more active during cool times of the day and are nocturnal * are unique among amphibians in practicing a form of internal fertilization - usually an indicator of unpolluted areas - voiceless - vulnerable for a few reasons * busy themselves beneath logs and rocks. * can breathe air through their skin - capture prey in aquatic and terrestrial habitats - climb, using body secretions for suction - drop their tail to escape predators - live in water as well as on land - re-grow lost limbs and other body parts * can regenerate a leg if they lose one * colonize new wildlife ponds more slowly. * come in a wide variety of colors. * continue growing even after they reach sexual maturity. * differ from frogs and toads whose larvae only has horny structures for teeth - in their dependence on water * eat a variety of insects, worms, snails, spiders and slugs - the larger species of Daphnia, leaving the smaller species to the PM larvae * get very hot, concentrating a lot of heat on a small area, like a plate of food. * have a fairly well developed lymphatic system - long tail that is used for swimming - smooth or warty skin where lizards have rough, scaly skin - strong sense of smell, and most have a long, sticky tongue for catching food - appetite - bad hearing - distinct large and small intestine with more evident coiling - extremely sensitive skin and also absorb chemicals readily through their skin - less-specialized morphologies than do the other two orders - lungs * have no external ear, and only a vestigial middle ear - true claws, and no visible ear holes - poison glands - poor eyesight and rely on smell and touch to locate prey - remarkable regnerative powers which are unique among vertebrates - skin through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can enter and leave the body * have smooth , moist skin and no claws - and moist skin, no claws, and no external ear openings - smooth, moist skin, no claws, and no ear openings - tails and are often mistaken for lizards * have the ability to extend their size or diminish it, as needed - unusual property of lost limb regeneration * help keep insect population down and they become food for larger animals. * hide by day and prowl by night. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet - man-made ponds - the western hemisphere from North America to the northern part of South America - born in the water, but also adapts to land * like to hide under boards, logs, or dead leaves. * live in bogs and other wetlands - many different places - rivers, swamps, forests and caves - water and on land, and look rather like lizards, with four legs and a tail - wet places but they also like dry land * live on all the continents except Antarctica and Australia * look like lizards without scales * move from the water to the cave floor and cave walls - lower densities in forest stands that have been recently clearcut - mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere * perform a dance during the mating process. * play an important role in maintaining balance in a forest ecosystem * provide an important link in the food web. * punish fickle male partners and strangers. * range in North America, Europe, Asia, northern parts of South America and North Africa. * rely on their extraordinary sense of smell to find prey. * require a different habitat * routinely regenerate complex tissues. * slither through the damp undersides of rotting logs and the vegetation along streams. - like eels, using body muscle contraction to propel themselves through the water - their limbs very little in swimming - over the ground and creep along the bottoms of waters + Fire salamander: Salamandridae * It is black and has different kinds of yellow spots or stripes. Some salamanders are mostly black while others are mostly yellow. Shades of red and orange may sometimes appear. They either mix with the yellow, or replace it completely. This depends on the subspecies. Fire Salamanders can have a very long life. In the German natural history museum of Alexander Koenig a salamander lived more than 50 years. * Salamanders live in water and on land, and look rather like lizards, with four legs and a tail. They hatch as larvae from eggs in the water. At that stage, they have gills that stick out. * On land, salamanders are confined to moist habitats. Their method of respiration varies. Some salamanders stay in the water, but look like adults. These are called newts. Some salamanders retain gills into sexual maturity, such as the Axolotl. This process is called neoteny. + Salamander, Features * To find their prey, salamanders use trichromatic color vision in the ultraviolet range. Permanently subterranean salamanders have reduced eyes, which may even be covered by a layer of skin. The larvae, and the adults of some highly aquatic species, also have a lateral line organ, similar to that of fish, which can detect changes in water pressure. Salamanders have no external ear, and only a vestigial middle ear. * Salamanders can drop their tail to escape predators. The tail will drop off and wriggle around for a little while, and the salamanders will either run away or stay still enough to not be noticed while the predator is distracted. Salamanders routinely regenerate complex tissues. Within only a few weeks of losing a piece of limb, a salamander perfectly reforms the missing structure. James R Monaghan1 'et al.' 2009. Microarray and cDNA sequence analysis of transcription during nerve-dependent limb regeneration. + Tuatara, Sense organs, Third 'eye': Reptiles :: Living fossils * It may also do other things. Of all living tetrapods, the parietal eye is most obvious in this animal. The parietal eye is part of the pineal system. The animal's pineal gland secretes melatonin at night. Some salamanders use their pineal body to perceive polarised light, which helps navigation. The new encyclopedia of reptiles and amphibians', Oxford University Press, Oxford. p52. Unlike lizards they have no eardrums or external male sexual organ.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander: Adult salamander * have bellies - woodlands * use sticky tongues Amphiuma * have a long body. * live in the southeastern part of the United States. + Amphiuma, Description: Salamanders * Amphiumas have a long body. They are generally grey-black in color. They do have legs but they are very small. Amphiumas can be up to long, their legs are only up to about. It is because of this that they are often mistaken for eels or snakes. They also do not have eyelids or a tongue - Distribution Aquatic salamander * Most aquatic salamanders eat diets. * Most aquatic salamanders have flat heads - limbs * Most aquatic salamanders live in freshwater streams * Most aquatic salamanders prefer flow streams - reach length - require food * Some aquatic salamanders eat fish - small fish - retain gills - gills as adults - hind limbs * retain gills as adults instead of developing lungs. ### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander \| axolotl: White axolotl * are white or pinkish in color, with black eyes. * have black eyes and pinkish skin.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander: Fire salamander * Fire Salamanders can have a very long life - anywhere between twenty and thrity offsprings at a time * Most fire salamanders adapt to habitats - have offspring * Most fire salamanders reach maturity - sexual maturity * Some fire salamanders have life cycle phases * It is black and has different kinds of yellow spots or stripes. Some salamanders are mostly black while others are mostly yellow. Shades of red and orange may sometimes appear. They either mix with the yellow, or replace it completely. This depends on the subspecies. Fire Salamanders can have a very long life. In the German natural history museum of Alexander Koenig a salamander lived more than 50 years * are nocturnalAwake and active during the night, asleep during the day. * give birth to ten to thirty larvae. * have moist, smooth skin like frogs, and long tails like lizards * make good display animals, are hearty eaters and ready breeders. * regenerate tails. Giant salamander * Some giant salamanders grow up to feet. * Some giant salamanders occur at density - high density * are unusual for amphibians in that they lay their eggs in early autumn. * live in the Pacific Northwest.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander: Hellbender * Most hellbenders absorb oxygen - have lungs * Some hellbenders live in environments - toxic environments - occur in streams * Some hellbenders reach maturity - rely on senses - use biotechnology * also express unusual specializations associated with cutaneous respiration - have a large, keeled tail and tiny eyes - use a lateral line system of sensory receptors to detect stimuli from the water * are Pennsylvania's largest salamanders - a type of salamander that use camoflauge to hide - also generally intolerant to any heavy recreational use within their habitat - aquatic organisms throughout their life and remain active year-round - biodindicators of stream quality, as their tolerance for poor water quality is low - completely aquatic * are considered a living fossil - an endangered species in Indiana - fully aquatic amphibians, meaning that they live entirely underwater - highly vulnerable to pollution and siltation of their rivers and streams - made for life in the water - nocturnal and search at night for small fish and crayfish - non-poisonous and pose no threat to humans - protected at the state level throughout their range - sensitive to pollution because they needs clean and well oxygenated water - solitary animals - split into two groups, called subspecies - the largest salamanders in North America - threatened or endangered in every state they are found in * can grow to over two feet long and weigh more than four pounds - range in color from dull brown or gray to bright orange or red - see with their whole bodies - swim, but usually walk along the stream bottom using their sturdy limbs * depend on the cooler temperatures of streams at higher elevations. * fill ecological niches * forage for their prey at night and sometimes also on overcast days. * have a flat body and head, a large, very keeled tail, and tiny eyes. * have an interesting reproductive process - unusual mating system - four toes on their front feet and five on their hind feet - lidless eyes, but the eyes are poor at forming images - one of the most inefficient respiratory systems in the animal kingdom * hide under rocks in the daytime and eat crayfish, earthworms, and insects at night. * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * keep crayfish populations in check, allowing more and bigger game fish to develop. * lay eggs in the late summer. * live for years - in large permanent streams and rivers - underwater and breathe through fleshy folds in their skin * play vital roles in their ecosystem as predators of crayfish and prey to large fish. * prefer swift running, well oxygenated, unpolluted streams and rivers. * require swift running, well-oxygenated, unpolluted streams and rivers - very specific habitats * respond properly only to native species of predatory fish. * serve as hosts to leeches, nematodes, parasitic worms, and tapeworms. * use large rocks, logs, and even some manmade objects to hide under during the day - specific chemical cues to escape predation along with sensing movement in the water Juvenile salamander * Most juvenile salamanders exhibit preference. * Some juvenile salamanders emerge from burrows. Larval salamander * Some larval salamanders occur at density. * look much like their parents except that they have gills. Marbled salamander * are dependent on very specific pool hydrology for reproduction - very common in West Virginia, probably occurring in every county * have bands of white, grey, or silver on their backs. * inhabit forests, though they spend most of their time in burrows in the soil. * lay eggs in the rising waters of vernal pools.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander: Newt * Some newts have skin secretion. * Some newts have toxic secretion - occupy ecological niches - spend their entire juvenile life as tadpoles and never go through a terrestrial stage * become adults. * breathe air. * come out of water. * display blue color * eat food - worms * enter ponds - stages - vernal ponds * feed upon insects. * has-part skin. * have bellies - heads - porous skin - spines - tails - throats - whitish throats - ears - rib cages * leave water. * live in excess * must have diets. * possess chromosomes. * prefer food. * require water. * return to streams. * shed skin. * survive events. * swim in ponds * undergo complete metamorphosis ### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander \| newt: Adult newt * eat worms. - vernal ponds * have heads. * live in water. Adult newts * Most adult newts eat worms. * Most adult newts enter ponds * alter the speed in which they dive between descents and ascents. Eastern newts * Most eastern newts eat worms - leave water * are at home in both coniferous and deciduous forests. * can be anywhere from yellow to green to orange in color. * inhabit both deciduous and coniferous forests. * move quickly in water, but are slow on land. Smooth newts * Most smooth newts have throats * Some smooth newts have crests. * have paddle-like tails for increased swimming speeds. Spot salamander * Most spot salamanders exhibit preference. * Most spot salamanders have bellies - delicate skin * Most spot salamanders use sticky tongues * Some spot salamanders leave water. Spotted salamander * are fine with no light beyond ambient room lighting - fossorial , meaning they spend most of their time underground - found in eastern North America - nocturnal and hibernate in winter - widespread across New York * breed in temporary pools in the deciduous forests of Virginia. * go through several stages over their lifetime. * have poison glands in their skin, mostly on their backs and tails. * incubate their young using solar powered eggs. Terrestrial salamander * Many terrestrial salamanders breathe oxygen via a set of regular, internal lungs. * Most terrestrial salamanders are inactive during cold weather, and some hibernate - have lungs - live in habitats * Some terrestrial salamanders migrate to breed ponds * are active and migrate on moist, cool nights - obligate forest dwellers<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander: Tiger salamander * Most tiger salamanders develop ability - engage in activities - feed on worms * Most tiger salamanders have heads - round snouts - toes * Most tiger salamanders inhabit areas - barren areas - live for years - use gills * Some tiger salamanders have bars - noses * Some tiger salamanders ingest gravel - small gravel - return to water * Tiger Salamanders are large burrowing North American amphibians, most active at night - native to Oregon so pose no environmental threat - breed in spring, often before all the ice has melted from the ponds' surface * are a wonderful species of amphibian family, which is endangered now - an example of specialists - animals - eaten by badgers, snakes, bobcats, and owls - fascinating creatures - harmless animals that feed on insects, especially beetles - less dependent on the forest than most other Ambystomids - one of the endangered species nowadays - popular as pets - some of the largest land based salamanders alive - the principal model system, although other amphibians are also used * begin life by munching aquatic crustaceans and insects. * breed and lay eggs primarily in vernal pools and other temporary ponds - in spring, often before all the ice has melted from the ponds surface * is found near South Dakota, near west river, and east of the Missouri river. * love to burrow in moss. * secret a slimy substance which is poisonous to other animals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander: Triton * has active ice geysers and a dimpled crust due to slumping of the surface - an extremely tenuous atmosphere that has winds * has an extremely thin atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen and methane - made predominantly of nitrogen - both an atmosphere and a surprisingly substantial ionosphere * has cold geysers that spit nitrogen instead of the hot water that Earth geysers release - instead of the hot water that geysers on Earth release - few craters - the upper body of a man and lower body of a fish - volcanoes and they are ice volcanoes * is an international oil exploration and production company with headquarters in Dallas - made of rock and ice * is one of the most unusual bodies in our solar system - oddest moons in the outer solar system - retrograde, i.e. it revolves around Neptune in opposite sense to Neptunian rotation - roughly the size of Earth's Moon - slightly bigger than the planet Pluto, which it is thought to resemble * is the coldest object ever examined by geologists in the solar system - largest natural satellite of the planet Neptune - name of the biggest moon - seventh known satellite from the planet - thought to be a combination of rock and ice * is, by far, the strangest moon in the entire solar system. * orbits Neptune in the opposite direction from all the other satellites - of the other moons<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| salamander \| triton: Eft * also generate considerable radiated emissions that couple to cables and case circuitry. * are brilliant red or orange and are often encountered in the woods soon after rainfall. * assumes that emotions can be a source of healing. * leave the water and live on land for one to three years. * look on soil surface, upper litter layer, and on low vegetation when forest floor is moist. * often walk about during the day after rain. * refers to funds transfer and information transfer - the process of direct deposit * works by helping a couple understand and reorganize their emotional responses to things. Terrestrial amphibian * Most terrestrial amphibians have sticky tongues * are generally nocturnal, with the exception of some species of anurans. * pass through a stage that resembles aquatic larvae while still in the egg.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian: Toad * All toads are poisonous and can kill people - have lumps on the back of their heads, parotoid glands, that produce a chemical substance * Many toads also burrow, though that depends on the environment that the toad evolved in. * Most toads also have a pair of parotid glands bulging out from behind their eyes. * Most toads are classified as dwarf toads - nocturnal, and tend to burrow or hide by day - become adults - breathe through skin * Most toads eat earthworms - food - insects - pet food - spiders - establish ranges - exhibit behavior - exist in counties * Most toads have bumpy skin - bumpy, dry skin, generally walk more than they hop, and lay long strings of eggs - color - legs - natural predators - poison glands - short legs - smooth skin - stages - tadpole stages - teeth - toes - undersides - warty skin - hibernate during winter - inhabit areas - lack teeth * Most toads live in environments - wood - possess eyes * Most toads prefer environments - habitats * Most toads reach maturity - sexual maturity - rely on water - require water * Most toads reside in arid environments * Most toads secrete poison - toxic substances - sit in upright positions - thrive in habitats - wait for prey * Some toads are brown - even resident in deserts - avoid snakes - belong to families - burrow into sand - can squirt poison at potential predators, from the parotoid glands * Some toads eat animals - frog toads - vegetables - vertebrate animals - emerge from hibernation - fall into oceans * Some toads feed at nights - in evenings - on beetles * Some toads find in arid grassland * Some toads have conservation status - economic values - mild toxins - significant economic values - special conservation status - warts - hibernate in burrows - live for years * Some toads live in deserts - gardens - mate in water - move into habitats * Some toads move into surround habitats - terrestrial habitats - reach ages - rely on glands - shed skin - survive in deserts * absorb water across specialized areas of their skin rather than drinking orally. * are a type of frog - abundant - also darker in color than frogs and reproduce differently - among the last amphibians to hibernate in the fall - amphibians, so they begin their lives in the water and eventually end up on dry land - capable of burrowing into the ground to escape the heat of summer - chubbier than frogs - constantly hungry insectivores, meaning they only eat insects - dull brown and very warty - fat-bodied, where frogs are generally slim - good at keeping a garden free of worms and insect pests - highly sensitive to chemicals and even small amounts can be damaging to their health - kind of wide and look fat - mainly terrestrial, but make their way to water to breed in the spring - meat eaters - mostly land-dwelling animals with a thick and warty skin - naturally shy and cautious - often bumpier, rougher- skinned, and drier to the touch - predators and have voracious appetites - sensitive to climate, period - similar to frogs but there are a few major differences - squatty and covered with warts - terrestrial and live entirely on land - the favorite food of the hognose snake - valuable pest controllers, eating literally thousands of insects yearly - venomous animals - very shy creatures and dart away when they see something moving, larger than another toad - well known insect eliminators * assume a butting pose, aiming the parotoid glands at an adversary. * bury themselves in the ground, digging their way backward with their horny heels. * can also inflate their bodies when threatened - be plump, so have large hiding spots - figure out a maze far more quickly than frogs can - live farther from water sources than frogs can * can live in drier climates, where most frogs usually live in or near water - habitats farther away from water than frogs can - settle into some damp dirt and absorb moisture through their belly * consume insects. * continue to spread westward. * dig down into the ground as far as three feet. * display breeding site fidelity, as do many amphibians. * do have a dark side - weird smell and yucky taste to their skin, though * eat at night - cutworms and other insect pests - far more bugs and slugs than they eat small fish - insects and invertebrates * emerge from hibernation to breed only if moisture and temperature conditions are favorable - in spring to court in the melting ice-water * enjoy being in shady areas * feed on insects, earthworms, beetles, and slugs. * grab mice in their mouths. * grow disproportionately more poisonous as they get bigger. * have a dry,warty skin and shorter legs with less webbing between the toes - number of defining properties - tongue that is very long, very fast, and sticky on the end - tympanic membrane on either side of their head right behind the eye - very bitter taste, but it is usually harmless - both males and females - calls - drier, rough skin that looks really bumpy, like warts - dry, bumpy skin * have dry, warty skin, while frogs have smooth, wet kin - have smooth, wet skin - impact - more bulbous bodies, dry warty-looking skin and tend to crawl * have no teeth, and most toads have warty skin - while frogs have tiny teeth on both upper and lower jaws - paratoid glands behind their eyes which are used to make poison - performance - rough, warty skin and frogs have smooth skin * have short front legs and move on land in small leaps or by walking * have shorter hind legs than most frogs - legs and can only crawl along - stockier bodies, rounder snouts, dry and warty skins, and move by walking - stubby bodies with short hind legs * have thicker skin than frogs and can live in drier environments - three mating seasons per year producing many, many toads - warts, where a frog's skin is smooth - in the winter * includes brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - pedal extremities - plasma membranes - rib cages - sections - skulls - sterna - vacuoles - vertebrate feet * is an amphibian - the royal mushroom retainer of the Mushroom Kingdom * lay eggs in long chains - strings attached to rocks, unlike true frogs which lay eggs in a jelly-like mass * like to hang out under outdoor lights at night for the insects they attract. * lily prefers part shade and moist, well-drained soils high in organic matter. - one place their whole life, if it provides for their needs - mostly on land, but require pools for breeding in the spring * look like frogs, and they belong to the same animal group. * make homes under boards, porches, loose rocks and roots of trees - use of poison, too * mate only with their own kind in order to avoid producing unhealthy hybrid young. * normally live on land but require ponds to reproduce. * phase of a frog development. - to live in areas where insects and moisture are abundant * reproduce sexually, with the female producing eggs that are fertilized by the male - throughout the year * rest inside during the day and come out at night. * seem to live in dryer places than frogs, most frogs live in more moist homes. * show activities. * sit in positions * spend less time in the water than frogs - most of their time on land, while frogs spend most of their time in the water * take up residences. * tend to have warty skin and short legs - urinate when they are frightened * use temporary pools in early spring in which to deposit their eggs. * usually crawl or progress in short hopping movements. * usually have a dry, warty-looking skin and spend more time living on land - shorter legs than frogs - warty, wrinkled skin and shorter legs than a frog + Anura, Habitats: Frogs * Toads spend most of their time on land, while frogs spend most of their time in the water. Tailed frogs looks similar to toads because of their hard skin. They are the only frogs with this organ. Stebbins, Robert. 2003. The genus 'Eleutherodactylus' are terrestrial frogs. This means that they lay eggs on land. * A 'toad' is a type of amphibian. Toads look like frogs, and they belong to the same animal group. All toads are frogs, but not all frogs are toads. Toads mainly evolved in dry climates, so many toads have rougher, browner skin. Many toads also burrow, though that depends on the environment that the toad evolved in. Toads lay eggs in strings attached to rocks, unlike true frogs which lay eggs in a jelly-like mass. Also, toads generally have shorter legs and fatter bodies. * A 'toad' is a type of amphibian. Toads look like frogs, and they belong to the same animal group. All toads are frogs, but not all frogs are toads. Toads mainly evolved in dry climates, so many toads have rougher, browner skin. Many toads also burrow, though that depends on the environment that the toad evolved in. Toads lay eggs in strings attached to rocks, unlike true frogs which lay eggs in a jelly-like mass. Also, toads generally have shorter legs and fatter bodies. Toads have paratoid glands behind their eyes which are used to make poison. The poison is not harmful to humans. + Toad (Nintendo): Nintendo video game characters :: Mario series characters * He also shares many similarities between the blue toad in New Super Mario Bros. Wii. On the television series based on the games, Toad gave Mario information and sometimes Power Stars. He was a recurring member in the Super Mario Super Show. On that series, he would help his friends whenever they needed it. The character on the show was voiced by John Stocker. Toad looks like a small man with a mushroom-like hat. He also wears a vest and shoes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: Adult toad * are diurnal and feed heavily on insects and other small animals - more terrestrial, more warty, and have drier skin than frogs - mostly nocturnal, although juveniles are often abroad by day * like to burrow in soft sand where they hide in daytime and hibernate in winter. Arroyo toad * are nocturnal for most of their lives. * breed in slow-flowing rivers with shallow, gravelly pools. * prefer shallow pools and open, sandy stream terraces. Bufo toad * Most bufo toads have natural predators - sit in upright positions * sit in positions Canadian toad * are white or light brown with dark spots scattered randomly about the back. * breed mainly in the spring. Cane toad * Most cane toads have legs. * eat a wide variety of prey, compete for food and have highly toxic chemical defences - both plant and animal matter, and love their sex lives * live in open habitats and are active during the day, just like the meat ants. Captive toad * Some captive toads eat vegetables. * enjoy food. Female toad * lay thousands of eggs in long strings attached to vegetation. * prefer to lay their eggs in ponds without fish. Green toad * are green or yellow with black spots - spots. * spots. They are not a large toad. They grow up to 2 inches. They are only active at night. They will breed in spring, summer and autumn. Males will call a female to lay her eggs in his territory Juvenile toad * Some juvenile toads avoid snakes - move into habitats * Some juvenile toads move into surround habitats - terrestrial habitats<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: Leopard frog * Most leopard frogs have glands - hind legs * Most leopard frogs have powerful hind legs * are cold blooded animals - green and have rounded spots - native to the Nearctic region - slender and are smooth-skinned - solitary outside of the breeding season, but tolerant of other leopard frogs - the familiar frogs used in biological studies and are considered true frogs - white in the same area * have an immense range in North America - circular spots * leap into water. * migrate to ponds. * move considerable distances from water especially in wet grasslands or damp woodlands. * spend the day hiding among the tall grass and emerge toward evening to feed. + Pickerel frog: Frogs * The 'pickerel frog' is a small frog in North America. It has dark squares on its back. The squares are in lines instead of randomly scattered. Leopard frogs have circular spots. They have an orange or yellow coloration on the inside of their back legs. They are mainly found in the eastern United States, with a little in southern Canada. They have toxic glands in their skin that can kill other frogs.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: Male toad * can reach maturity at least one year before females can. * croak to indicate their readiness to mate. * outnumber female toads at breeding ponds. * settle in a shallow pool of water in a slow current and call for a female. + Common toad, Behaviour, Reproduction: Toads * The males arrive first and stay for several weeks. The females only stay long enough to mate and spawn. Rather than fighting for the right to mate with a female, male toads use the pitch of their voice. Croaking gives a sign of body size and prowess. Fights do sometimes happen. Male toads outnumber female toads at breeding ponds. Midwife toad * Some midwife toads feed on beetles. * are unique in their reproduction. Natterjack * have a very loud and distinctive mating call. * true toad + Natterjack Toad: Toads Pickerel frog * Most pickerel frogs have secretion - skin secretion * are especially common along streams and lake shores near inlets and outlets * call in a short snore. * have rows of irregular rectangular brown spots on their back * produce toxic skin secretions that are distasteful and harmful to predators.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: Spadefoot * All spadefoots have a cornified black wedge on the hind foot. * are frogs - very secretive, spending most of their time hiding in burrows * do remain underground in shallow burrows for weeks during dry periods. * spend most of their lives buried in mud or sand.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: Spadefoot toad * have hard, horn-like growths on their hind feet. * inhabit the dry grasslands of western North Dakota which have sandy or loose soil. * live in dry areas - throughout much of the United States * make crying sounds during a rainstorm. * spend nine months of every year underground. + Anura, Habitats: Frogs * Tailed frogs looks similar to toads because of their hard skin. They are the only frogs with this organ. Stebbins, Robert. 2003. The genus 'Eleutherodactylus' are terrestrial frogs. This means that they lay eggs on land. Spadefoot toads make crying sounds during a rainstorm.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: Tree frog * All tree frogs are carnivores. * Many tree frogs can change their colour for better camouflage. * Most tree frogs are smaller than bull frogs and green frogs - can change color in order to blend with their surroundings - find shelter in the trees * Most tree frogs have chemicals - pupils - slit pupils - toes - vertical slit pupils * Most tree frogs produce substances - waxy substances * Most tree frogs survive in habitats - natural habitats * Some tree frogs have disks - large toe pads - sticky pads - possess adhesive discs - produce acid - show adaptive responses - survive for months * are easy to hear but hard to see - important to the ecosystem - located in forests - very sensitive to changes of the environment * begin as tadpoles in little ponds or even in leaves full of water. * can climb straight up non-cracked wall - up a pane of glass * catch insects - prey * come in a variety of colors. * reduce surface area by selecting a shaded site and tucking limbs close to the body. * stay in trees, And they try to catch the bees. * stop calling for mates in brightly-lit areas. * use water.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: True frog * are amphibians - relatively large with long legs and webbed hind feet - semi-aquatic frogs * have powerful hind legs with extensive webbing on their back feet for swimming. + Ranidae: Frogs * The 'true frogs' or 'Ranidae' can be found in most countries except Antarctica. The true frogs can be found in North America, northern South America, Europe, Asia, Madagascar, Africa, East Indies, New Guinea, and Australia. The bullfrog is the largest true frog in North America. Usually, true frogs are smooth, moist-skinned frogs, with large, powerful legs and have webbed feet. True frogs are semi-aquatic frogs. They live near water. True toad * Most true toads have a broader, flatter body and darker, drier skin than do most true frogs. * have poison parotoid glands that can paralyze or even kill dogs. + Anura, Species: Frogs * The marine toads are the only toads which live in Australia, where they were introduced by people. True toads have poison parotoid glands that can paralyze or even kill dogs. However, some other animals eat true toads without ill effects. Toad poisons are secreted by warts.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| amphibian \| toad: Wood frog * Most wood frogs adapt to climates - cold climates - use water * Some wood frogs have components - remain in states * are an amphibian species of upland forests - ectotherms , and their body temperature closely tracks the outside air temperature - one of the first frogs to begin the breeding season - poikilotherms and rely on the environment for heat - remarkable creatures - terrestrial except during the breeding season * begin their mating calls while there is snow on the ground and ice in the pools. * breed early in the spring, taking advantage of temporary wetlands - explosively in spring ponds where resident males jostle with each other * can live north of the Arctic Circle, surviving for weeks in a frozen limbo state. * tend to like forested ponds. Young toad * eat smaller sizes of the same prey that adults feed on. * have small dark, orange-tipped spots on the back. Urodele * Some urodeles are entirely aquatic, but others live on land as adults or throughout life. * are without invest- ing girdle bones. * is an amphibian	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate: Bird * All birds also have a beak with which they handle and eat food - appreciate a selection of seeds in their diet * All birds are animals - at risk at night, regardless of the time of year - edible with no exceptions * All birds are in the kingdom Animalia - phylum Chordata - same kingdom, phylum, and class - their own large flight cages, built with their comfort in mind - of the same color - oviparous - susceptible to avian tuberculosis * All birds are the descendants of theropods - same in some ways - to have a flesh colored beak * All birds are warm blooded vertebrate animals that have wings, feathers - warm-blooded and have beaks and feathers - waterproof because of the way their feathers are constructed and overlap - bathe, from the smallest finches to the largest macaws - belong to a class of warm-blooded animals with feathers * All birds belong to the 'aves' class of the phylum-chordata - group of animals called vertebrates, meaning animals having a backbone - can fly - communicate with a combination of body language and calls - drop feathers * All birds eat insects, spiders and caterpillars - fit that definition, so they are dinosaurs - fly and lay eggs - generally fly faster when migrating, and of course, when fleeing predators - grow feathers * All birds hatch from eggs - out, if they are properly incubated - have 'cries' which are the sounds to communicate * All birds have a cloaca, which slit which contains genitals and the end s of excretory tubes - keeled sternum for attachment of wing muscles - large gland at the top part of their bill , above their eyes - pecking order - structure on the retina call the fovea that serves to magnify objects - threshold of what they can handle before they lash out with a bite - an enlarged nasal gland at the base of the bill, above their eyes - beaks, wings and feathers - certain typical behavioural characteristics - cries which are the sounds to communicate * All birds have feathers and birds are the only animals that do - can swim - live in a hurry - that serve a variety of functions - keen vision - no tail an are compleet rumpless - scientific names - the same name used everywhere in the world - the potential to bite - two legs with four toes each - what is called a preening gland * All birds have wings - even ostriches and other flightless birds - and all birds fly * All birds lay eggs and most can fly - that are then incubated to let the young ones hatch out * All birds lay eggs, and the range of different nesting sites and parenting skills is explored - none give birth to live young - hard-shelled eggs - leave soon after sun-up - make sounds to communicate - migrate based on hormonal changes brought on by changing daylight hours * All birds molt at least once each year, and some two or three times - every year and replace their old feathers with new ones - regularly, gradually replacing their old worn-out feathers with new ones - move except incubating males - preen their feathers * All birds replace their feathers periodically, a process that's usually gradual - reproduce by laying eggs - require social contact - resemble one another anatomically, differing only in minor details - see colors, but especially prefer red and other bright colors - seek higher ground - sneeze on occasion - walk using hindlimbs * Any bird can have albinism - partial or full. * DO have a patagium, divided into a metapatagium and a propatagium. * Every bird has feathers and everything that has feathers bird - hatches from an egg - is an individual - needs quiet time when they are undisturbed * Learn about birds - habitat, endangered birds, bird anatomy, orders of birds - the relationships between backyard plants and birds * Look at and identify many birds and how to go bird watching. * Many birds adore chili peppers. * Many birds also enjoy laying on their backs while being petted under the wings and on the neck - have claws on their wings - live in the area and they depend upon the fish that live in the water - travel south - appear active and healthy even after being on an all-seed diet for years - appreciate suet in the wintertime, in addition to seed * Many birds are VERY soft to the touch - able to stay in Saskatchewan all year - active during the day - also very sloppy when they bathe and splash drops of water outside the cage - animals which can fly - brown, green or grey - charming or impressive because of their plumage, their size or their flight patterns - either seed eaters or nectar eaters - essentially monogamous and mate for life - free-flying - insectivores - penguin predators - primarily seed eaters - quiet during times of energy demand, e.g. moulting - resident while others make short-distance migratory journeys - restricted to vocal sounds rather than songs or calls - sociable and exhibit a remarkable range of adaptive behaviors - sociable, especially when caged alone - social and live in large groups - territorial, especially in the nesting season * Many birds are very sensitive to the toxic effects of insecticides - territorial, especially during nesting season * Many birds avoid the inclement weather altogether by flying south to milder, always summer climes - very soft snags for nesting because extremely soft wood can be wet or crumbly - become more sociable to improve their chances of survival during cold weather - begin to build nests - belong to the large family of birds known as plovers - breed in the taiga in the spring and summer - build nests in cactus stems * Many birds can also get that far just flying - detect polarised light - identify mates or other group members by voice alone - sense oncoming storms and modify foraging behavior accordingly - spend most of their time on a play pen or parrot perch - survive in a variety of environments * Many birds choose pylons as a place for resting - to build nests and raise their young * Many birds come on a daily basis and some arrive at the same time each day - to the spot during the fall and winter - communicate by sexual display before their mates - consume the sweet pulp * Many birds depend on insects as their main diet - in and around our backyards * Many birds depend upon insects - rushes and grasses for their nesting materials and for cover - die at a young age from malnutrition or diseases related to malnutrition * Many birds eat butterflies and moths - carrion - crane flies - holly berries - insects so avoid using pesticides around the garden - insects, focusing on what is most abundant at any particular time - more than one thing - primarily fruits and berries - enjoy perching on it before their drink or bath - expect to be fed at a certain time every day - face significant declines across the country - feed heavily during nesting periods * Many birds feed on berries and distribute the seeds - garden spiders, as do some parasitic wasps and ants * Many birds feed on insects hiding in tangled poison ivy vines - in the tangled vines * Many birds feed on the fruits - rich flower buds of trees - find dripping or running water to be irresistable * Many birds find the seeds of perennials particularly tasty - suet when they use the branch as a perch on their way to the other feeders * Many birds fly in flocks - over, and they are around * Many birds fly south during winter - to different places at certain times of year * Many birds follow a temperature gradient as they return to nest in the spring - mountain ranges, sea coasts, and rivers during migration - get salt picking at leaves - go for berries in a big way - hatch their eggs asynchronously while other species are more synchronous * Many birds have a colored head, throat, breast, or rump - homing instinct - stigma on all large follicles - winter plumage and a breeding plumage - almost no feathers on their backs * Many birds have an eye on each side of their head - oil gland at the base of the tail - barbs that are combined together with tiny hooks known as barbules - bright, ornamental plumage - courtship rituals - distinctive stripes or colored patches on the head - hollow bones to reduce their weight - mild to severe splenomegaly - strong beaks designed to crack open hard seeds - their breeding season during that period - to be stabilized prior to blood sampling - wild rice in their diets - imitate the songs of other species - inhabit the wetland areas - join in duets and choruses, comparable to group singing by humans - lay eggs which exhibit very great variations * Many birds learn their song by listening to the notes of other birds - songs by imitating adults, creating local song traditions - leave the northern latitudes for our mild winters - like to be stroked around the head and neck * Many birds like to eat a bit higher than ground level - worms - look for food on the ground under the protection of dense, twiggy shrubs - make their nests in birdhouses or nest boxes - limit the number of eggs * Many birds live in the canopy of rainforests - upper canopy, like toucans, hummingbirds and parrots - towns and cities - trees and bushes * Many birds live on insects or on fish - seeds that they gather from plants or on the ground - to be much older - lose the ability to fly on islands without carnivorous cats or bears - love cheeses and yogurt * Many birds love to preen in the sun and groom their plumage after a bath - snuggle in a warm fuzzy bird bed - water and when out of their cage love to take baths * Many birds make long journeys twice each year as they migrate between their winter and summer homes - persimmon fruit a part of their diet - their home in South Florida * Many birds migrate , such as geese and storks - from a cold area to a warm area each year - in the early winter - north or south - southwards in winter, reaching as far as Central America and the West Indies - thousands of miles, twice a year - to south for the winter - up and down the Mississippi Valley, and along the Atlantic coastal plain - moult once every year * Many birds nest at the south end of the lake - close to human habitations and some have been specially encouraged - in the woods including woodpeckers and starlings - off cliffs because cliffs are high up and difficult for predators to reach - right on the ground - often die, particularly young birds - perform elaborate courtship dances - perish during migration and the winter season * Many birds possess a muscular pouch along the esophagus called a crop - an additional organ anterior to the stomach known as the crop * Many birds prefer cleared areas over closed forests for nesting and feeding - feeding on or near the ground - receive vitamin and mineral supplements as well - relish the larger, harder seeds such as oil and striped sunflower seeds * Many birds rely on deep forests to escape predators and competitors - the tide uncovering the mud flats so that they can feed - remain year-round in several parts of the country - remove their waste in such a way as to prevent bacterial growth and disease - require native blossoms daily, as well as other special foods - respond favorably to limited grazing, including killdeers and meadowlarks - scream because they're bored or anxious - search the flowers and foliage of trees and eat the insects they find - seem to prefer the higher-pitched voice of women and children - show remarkable, specialized hearing abilities * Many birds sing in the evening - or chirp as they move around - spend the winter in Africa * Many birds spend their entire lives in their natal flocks - winters in our area after having migrated from nesting areas in the north - start to incubate before all eggs in their clutch have been laid * Many birds stop at the lagoon in the fall during their migration south for the winter - to eat on the mud flats while on their way south - store food - summer on the tundra, including Canada geese * Many birds take advantage of Earth's magnetic field to navigate the globe - flight for a last time - turns sitting on the eggs, so that each adult can feed - travel thousands of miles, some on a journey they have never been on before * Many birds use a combination of calls and songs in addition to displays to attract potential mates - different habitat types throughout the year - estuarine habitats as shelter areas during nesting season - old woodpecker holes or natural cavities exclusively - plant parts like twigs and sticks to build nests - stars at night * Many birds use the moon, sun, and stars to find their way - shoreline as a migratory path * Many birds use the swamp only to roost at night - to roost as well as feed - wetlands as resting grounds during migration - wings to fly from place to place - vary in their abundance from year to year, sometimes to a considerable degree - visit it year round for insects * More birds are socially monogamous than any other group - die of overheating during shipment than of any other cause * Most Birds have bones that are structurally very light - bird pollinated flowers are red and have a lot of nectar - birds abandon their young at birth * Most birds adapt to areas - arid habitats - very well to human contact and activity, pets, etc * Most birds also have the ability to fly - prefer the color of natural wood - appear in skies * Most birds are able to fly - attracted to a natural looking nest box - beings which are capable of flight - carnivorous meaning that they eat flesh, at least some of the time - chickens - classified as monogamous organisms - dimorphic, with feathers of one color for males and another color for females - diurnal * Most birds are inside bushes - juventiles, born just months ago * Most birds are located in forests - hills - regions - woodlands - migrants which come to nest or to stop over on their way farther north or south - monogamous, having only one mate per breeding season - night blind, and have little hope of escaping an attack by a cat at night - omnivores - ready to leave the nest before they can fly or take care of themselves - resistant to the encephalopathy that occurs in some infected horses and humans - small objects, some are quite tiny - territorial and protect the area around their nests - thought to return near where they hatched to breed - arrange the bases of feathers in tracts with spaces in between * Most birds avoid exposure - belong to families - breed during the day - breeding in North American forests during the summer are neotropical migrants * Most birds bring food - their own nest material * Most birds build nests out of twigs and grass or mud - woven of grasses, small twigs, and other materials - can dissipate about half of their resting heat production by panting * Most birds can fly , some swim , and some do both - and a penguin bird - obtain water directly by drinking - only sing the songs of their species, but there are exceptions - perceive sweet, sour, and bitter tastes - recover in a short amount of time - care for chicks * Most birds carry bacteria - genes - parasites - worm eggs in their defecations * Most birds catch fish * Most birds change aspects - positions - chew anything they can get their beaks on - choose mates - collect fruit * Most birds come from environments - shelter habitats * Most birds come to bird feeders - conserve energy * Most birds consume berries - dragonflies - high quality food - proteins - substances - cross boundaries - delay starting incubation until the clutch is complete * Most birds depend on ecosystems - flyways - sources - vegetation - water sources * Most birds descend from ancestors - reptiles - develop lungs - digest food - dip their bills and then tip their heads back and swallow - do the same thing, by tucking their feet and legs beneath their tummy feathers - dont have teeth * Most birds drink by dipping their bill in water and throwing their head back to swallow - fresh water - liquids - salt water - sea water * Most birds eat a variety of things including fruits, vegetables, pasta, breads - acorns - animal food - aquatic insects * Most birds eat attractive berries - red berries - bait - balance diets - baobab fruit - beetles - bird seeds - blackberries - bugs - certain food * Most birds eat commercial bird seeds - crops - dry food - earthworms - ferment fruit - fresh food - fruit seeds - grain - grasshoppers - harmful insects - larvae - liquid food - locusts - mealworms - mice - privet fruit * Most birds eat red berries - relatively large quantities of food in proportion to their body weight - small seeds - emerge from eggs - encountered in spring are in breeding plumage * Most birds enjoy daily bathing - meals - enrich the land by their presence * Most birds enter forests - territory * Most birds establish breed territory - own territory * Most birds establish pair bonds in late fall when flocks form - the late fall when winter flocks form - evolve from theropods * Most birds exhibit behavior - breed behavior - courtship behavior * Most birds extend legs - necks * Most birds feed babies * Most birds feed in fields - meat diets * Most birds feed on berries - fly insects - fruit berries - protein diets - shoots - slugs - small fish * Most birds feel vibration - wind * Most birds find animal food - partners - sanctuaries * Most birds fly over cities - countries - gardens - marsh - oceans - valleys - within a few hundred feet off the ground - fold wings - form pairs - gain weight * Most birds get food - nutrients - plumages - sharp teeth * Most birds give birth to chicks - offspring * Most birds go through a molting stage once a year when they lose all of their feathers - distinct stages - several stages - grab prey - grow cells - habitually fly at speeds much less than their maximum * Most birds has-part bones - brains - cerebrums - extremities - gizzards - hearts - skeletons - skin - throats - tracheae - veins - vertebrae * Most birds have a beak that is stiff and hard the whole length - limited intake of fresh water - poor sense of smell, just like humans, yet get along just fine - relatively poor sense of smell, about the same as humans - terrible since of smell - active enzymes - adequate water - adult plumages - air sacs - amaze eyesights - an arrangement of three toes forward and one backwards * Most birds have an oil gland at the base of their tails - on their rump at base of the tail - appearances - arteries - backbones - beautiful feathers - bilateral symmetry * Most birds have black beaks - blood feathers - blue plumages - bluish wings - body temperature - breasts * Most birds have bright beaks - orange feathers - red eyes - yellow beaks * Most birds have brown feathers - hues * Most birds have brownish eyes - chambers - chest muscles - chins - coloration - colorful feathers - common ancestors - compounds - coronary arteries - crests - curves * Most birds have dark beaks - red color - undersides - defense mechanisms - delicate bones * Most birds have different coloration * Most birds have distinctive ability - features - eight air sacs - enlarge glands - experience - external sex organs - eyelids - eyes on their sides of their head - fertilization - few feathers - flat sterna - flexibility * Most birds have four toes on their feet - toes, three that face forward and one rearward * Most birds have glossy black plumages - green heads * Most birds have good diets * Most birds have gray areas * Most birds have green feathers - growth curves - guts - habits - hatchlings * Most birds have hollow bones for low weight - so they weigh less and make flight possible * Most birds have hollow bones to make their bodies light enough to become air-borne - reduce weight to make flying easier - inner chambers * Most birds have internal fertilization but external development - intestines - joints - keen eyesight and are considered day birds, as they are active during the daytime - keener eyesight than humans do - kinds - kinetic skulls * Most birds have large beaks - breast muscles - hook beaks - yellow bills - legs long enough to reach the tray below the grate - lifetime exposure - light brown eyes - linear structures - little or no sense of smell * Most birds have long legs - tongues - low reproductive output - lung capacity - maximum amounts of that variety that can be ordered - memory - metabolism - mouths - muscular tongues - nasal glands - natural predators - nest sites - night vision - nine air sacs - no sense of smell at all * Most birds have only four toes - one ovary and one oviduct - overall appearances - phenotypes - pink plumages * Most birds have poor night vision - powerful beaks - ravenous appetite - receptors * Most birds have red color * Most birds have reproductive output - success - round tails - salt glands - senses * Most birds have sharp beaks - short beaks - shrill calls - single fovea - skeletal structures - slender bills - social life - solid bones - spectacular plumes - splendid feathers - strategies * Most birds have strong breast muscles - stun plumages - surface areas - sweat glands - swell throats - tendencies - thick necks - thin tendons - third eyelids - three toes that face forward and one that faces the other way - toothless beaks - two ranges of flying speeds - values - various functions - very little sense of smell and only care how their babies look and sound - voices - watery eyes - white plumages - wide ranges * Most birds have yellow beaks - or whitish lores and eyebrows, a pale crown stripe and a dark whisker stripe - hear prey * Most birds help ecosystems - hide in trees - inhabit urban areas * Most birds kill insects * Most birds lack teeth and have a reduced tail * Most birds lay about every second or third day * Most birds learn characteristics * Most birds lift backs * Most birds like to feed by themselves - hop down into the gourd, therefore, place the entrance hole in the upper portion * Most birds live for many years * Most birds live in Africa - communities - same places - small areas - worlds * Most birds live on beaches - continents - shores - look for places * Most birds look like birds - dinosaur birds * Most birds lose feathers - pin feathers - tail feathers * Most birds love environments - pomegranates - particularly the seeds - to drink and frolic in shallow pools of water * Most birds maintain territory * Most birds make a sort of flapping, swooshing sound when they fly - bonds that last through the breeding season - coo sound - foot strides - little noise - many trips per day away from their nest to find food - movement - nests, and spend their time foraging to feed and care for their chicks - racket - sounds because they are genetically designed to do so - terrible sound - thrust movement - unusual sound - mate by contact at the cloaca area * Most birds migrate for the winter due to the lack of food sources and the climatic conditions - south to their wintering grounds in the Gulf Coast, Mexico, and Central America * Most birds migrate to coastal regions - warmer climates * Most birds molt completely at least once a year - either once or twice a year - once a year, usually in late summer, after the nesting season - moult by replacing a few feathers at a time * Most birds move eggs - into areas - somewhere as the seasons change - naturally avoid webs - nest same places * Most birds obtain enough food - occupy areas * Most birds occupy different areas - geographic areas - residential areas * Most birds occur in environments - forest habitats - great lake regions * Most birds only close their eyelids during sleep, and use the third eyelid alone for blinking - have one functional ovary - perch on wire * Most birds pick up organisms - play important roles * Most birds play in flight - pollinate trees - pose a minimal risk for transmitting disease * Most birds possess balance * Most birds prefer a specific habitat for feeding or nesting - brushes - deciduous trees - dining on the flies - evergreens - grassland - multi-stem plants that form a dense canopy - oak woodlands - open grassland * Most birds prey on animals - domestic animals * Most birds prey on large animals - game animals - small animals - probably employ a combination of systems * Most birds produce offspring - some sort of vocal sound - strange sound - provide food * Most birds raise babies * Most birds reach adulthood - height - maturity - sexual maturity * Most birds receive food - recover well when treated promptly - regurgitate food * Most birds relate to dinosaurs - fowl - pheasants - release eggs * Most birds rely on instinct when they migrate - remain too distant from the ridge to see with the naked eye * Most birds represent dinosaur lineage * Most birds require air - lots of energy, so their bodies use up the food they eat very quickly - oxygen - resemble birds - respond emotionally to melodious voices in soothing tones - rest on ledges - return springs * Most birds return to locations - same nest sites - returning from the wintering grounds take a new mate each year * Most birds ride updrafts - roost in trees - rotate wings * Most birds seek eggs - seem to like the water shallow - seize worms - select nest sites - serve as hosts * Most birds shake beaks * Most birds share ancestry - several characteristics - shed feathers * Most birds show a definite preference for soaked seeds - diversity - significant discoloration to the muscles around a fracture site * Most birds sit in bushes * Most birds sit on branches - fences * Most birds sleep at night, although there are some, like owls that sleep during the day - in trees and bushes the rest of the year - spend much of their time in the air * Most birds spread feet * Most birds stand on feet - start their migration along the coast - steal food - store fat only in furcular and abdominal regions * Most birds suffer from calcium deficiencies * Most birds survive accidents - breed seasons - events - extinction events - first years - hunt seasons - nights * Most birds take breaths - first flight - short naps during the day, as well - steps - tend to fly higher when crossing large bodies of water than when flying over land * Most birds thrive in environments - on attention and human interaction, but wither with neglect - try to bathe in their water bowls - turn heads * Most birds undertake journeys * Most birds use a combination of gliding and beating of the wings to keep airborne - gravity - keen senses - plants to make nests - powerful legs - razor claws - sharp claws - strong muscles - talons - thermal air current - warm air current - usually leave and return along the same route each day * Most birds visit backyards - wait for prey - walk on feet * Most birds watch chickens - weigh pounds * Some birds absolutely love egg yolk and others merely eat it - actively cooperate with other species * Some birds actually have feet adapted to walk on the surface plants - nest on the ground, and intentionally lay their eggs there * Some birds adapt certain characteristics * Some birds adapt to conditions - specific food sources - such conditions * Some birds adjust themselves to special environments - to a home and people readily, while for others it takes weeks and months - adopt different strategies to gain living space * Some birds also bury their eggs in the same way - die after ingesting oil during attempts to clean themselves - eat eggs and juvenile robins * Some birds also have an enteritis and a vent discharge - sinusitis - wattles, which are naked folds of skin that hang down from the mandibles - prefer a site for privacy, such as a paper bag, a towel, or a nest box - protect a larger feeding territory - seem to do a great deal of gesturing prior to resorting to a physical attack * Some birds also take longer to learn to talk than others - on helpers to help rear their young - apparently feel the same way about eating insects that have been exposed to insecticides * Some birds appear in islands * Some birds appear to have eyelashes - reduce flight speed in proportion to the degree of assistance or resistance * Some birds are able to fly with only one primary feather - survive the winter by flying south where it is warmer and easier to get food - also poisonous to cats - as pure yellow as a buttercup flower - better at making nest than others - big and powerful enough to be able to patrol the grassland without relying on flight - breed in backyards - eaten as food - indicator species - insect eaters, while others prefer eating fruit, nuts, or berries - inside barns * Some birds are known as doves - to tolerate the fruits * Some birds are located at feeders - societies * Some birds are located in Africa * Some birds are located on ledges - mated for life, like married couples - member of families - migratory, spending only part of the year in Georgia * Some birds are more cautious about new people or objects in their environment than others - efficient at holding the fruit with a foot while eating, just like parrots - likely than others to eat fruits and popcorn - sensitive to zinc at lower levels than others * Some birds are naturally friendly to just about everyone - more shy and less social than others and take longer to warm up to people - nearly self-sufficient when they hatch - noisier than others - noisy - of sufficient rarity that they attract attention from far and wide - paper chewers - pets, like budgies and canaries - picky eaters - polygamous and take more than one mate in a season - potentially responsible for intentional fire propagation to flush out prey - scavengers and eat the bodies of creatures that have died - seed eaters and actually enjoy some seeds much better than others - seed-eaters, others eat fruit, some eat insects, and some flower nectar - still molting - tamer than others - turkeys - vegetarians, some prefer meat, and some eat both * Some birds are very bold, stay on a feeder for a long time and eat a lot - fond of grass seed - noisy and can be a nuisance to close neighbors - winter visitors from further north and east, e.g. Finland, Sweden and Norway - attack persistent intruders - attain weight * Some birds attract animals - viruses * Some birds become abundances - incubations - magpies - pests - prey of certain mammals, primarily the Arctic Fox - so animated and persistent that they injure themselves * Some birds break bones - breast bones - breed, and others simply help raise the young * Some birds build nests or peck out cavities in trees - out of twigs and grasses - their nests with incredible rapidity - bury eggs * Some birds call a lot, others only yelp or cluck a couple of times - frequently with long uninterrupted yelps, while others only yelp a couple of times - can 'glide' on air currents without flapping * Some birds can also 'hover' and remain in one place - 'sing' - be very expensive where prices soar into the thousands - express affection on the same level as cats or dogs - float on water and live near oceans, lakes or rivers - handle larger toys and some play gently - imitate many nonavian sounds, including human speech - mimic sounds - only exist in specific habitats * Some birds can sit out storms at sea - on the water surface * Some birds capture prey - small invertebrates, sand shrimps and sea lice * Some birds carry bodies - diseases such as salmonella or chlamydia - something * Some birds cause accidents - crop damage - death - psychological damage - significant crop damage - so much damage to rice crops that they are considered agricultural pests * Some birds change habitats - migration patterns - chew branches * Some birds choose a route that requires multiple days of non-stop flight over water - to vear west across South America and end along the coast of Peru - claim territory - collect sticks * Some birds come from as far as Siberia in the Soviet Union - completely recover either with or without treatment - consist of seeds * Some birds consume clams - juniper - palm fruit - pollen - rocky mountain juniper - seawater - snakes - contract a gizzard ailment - control pests * Some birds create a nest for the purpose of raising young birds - messes - nest for the purpose of shelter or sleeping * Some birds cross fences - roads * Some birds defend nest sites * Some birds depend on forests * Some birds derive from ancestors - destroy crops * Some birds develop a swollen, mucus-filled crop - adaptive strategies - symptoms - die after being crushed by machinery or vehicles operating near the unloading area * Some birds die from cerebral paralysis - injuries * Some birds die in collisions * Some birds die of infection - secondary infection - shortly after showing signs of PBFD while others live months to years - without signs being noticed - dive for food * Some birds do construction - fall prey, however, and their commonest enemies are kites and falcons - it, and some reptiles as well - jobs - without a nest altogether - double and even triple their weight on horseshoe crab eggs * Some birds drink artificial seawater * Some birds eat Japanese beetles - aquatic vegetation - bark beetles - bees - berries from bushes - centipedes - cherries - chipmunks - cobs - common caterpillars - corn cobs - dead animals - gobies - grapes - gravel - grubs - hairy caterpillars - krill - lizards - marine fish - mollusks - mosquitoes - numbats - nutrias - particles - raptors - rats - rhinos - ripe strawberries - seeds, some eat fruit and many eat insects, particularly during the summer - sunflowers - thrushes - tortoises - tubers - turtles - eats twicetheir body weight each day - emerge from the egg more ready to take on the world than others * Some birds enjoy cages - carrot juice - ropes or wooden toys to peck at * Some birds enter environments - live rooms - orchards - establish sites * Some birds even feed it to their young - plastic debris to their young - make tools - require a quiet time or nap during the day * Some birds evolve from carnivorous dinosaurs * Some birds evolve from small carnivorous dinosaurs - theropod dinosaurs * Some birds exhibit diarrhoea - parental care - reaction - sexual behavior and even build nests - strong instinct - fail to molt symmetrical and become somewhat handicapped for months * Some birds feed all their young equally, while others feed the biggest - almost exclusively four feet or more above ground level on elevated feeders * Some birds feed in environments * Some birds feed on animals - aquatic animals - bivalves - chestnuts - creep juniper - earwigs - estuaries - live prey - nectar and so help pollinate flowers - persistent fruit - quail chicks - small mammals - snails * Some birds feel eggs * Some birds find gardens - suitable nesting sites in the stonewalls or roofs of old sheephouses or barns - their food by touch in the dark * Some birds float in lakes - ponds * Some birds fly and some birds swim, but all birds have feathers - for weeks to get to their winter homes - high Some birds fly low Some birds live on the ground And some below * Some birds fly over beaches - streams - threats * Some birds fly south for the winter , but there are always birds around all year - in the winter and other birds stay in Canada - spontaneously in the wind tunnel once released by the experimenter - to water holes at dawn and sunset * Some birds follow coastlines to avoid flying over large bodies of water * Some birds form a hollow or use a pre-existing hollow in a tree for a home - strong bonds - term bonds * Some birds get light - pest rodents * Some birds give birth to animals - go through many bird bands in their lifetime * Some birds go to farms - graze in environments * Some birds harass birds - blue birds - bright blue birds - hawks * Some birds has-part thymuses - wombs * Some birds hatch several broods each year - with their running shoes on * Some birds have a beautiful song - nomadic lifestyle, following fruiting trees - stronger instinct than others - tan supercilium and browner head than the more common white-striped form - whitish tip to the bill * Some birds have an appendix or cecum which helps in the digestion of grains and fibers - expansion of the esophagus called the crop - beaks specially designed to crack open conifer cones, thus spreading the seeds - bills just right for catching fish - black wing tips - blue feathers - both splashes and white flight feathers - bronze - buffs - cheek - cloacas - close relatives - collars - cracks - diarrhea - dietary preference * Some birds have different dietary preference - difficulty consuming snow as a source of water and thus fresh water is preferable - disorder - division - energy requirements - evolutionary fitnesses - facial stripes - fear - fungal infection - gases - genetic disorder - insulate layers - lifespans - light chests and dark bellies, while in others the pattern is reversed - liver damage * Some birds have long lifespans - many ways - mate dances - membranes * Some birds have more advanced cases than others - feathers than others - muscle paralysis - natural enemies - niches - night fright - numbers - obvious injuries - ornamental outgrowths, characterized by thickened skin that has many blood vessels - other creatures - parakeets - phenomenal capacity for spatial learning - point toes - poor feather condition because they are unable to preen - reputations * Some birds have respiratory distress - tract infection - several ways - shoulder patches * Some birds have small spots - white spots - special glands that secrete a concentrated salt solution - specific niches - strong teeth - sweet teeth - testes * Some birds have the ability to find their way back if they are displaced - bills crossed one way, and some the other way - tufts, which are really unique, but more often have muffs or beards or both - unusual habits - very fine feathers that are almost impossible to get off - vocabulary - warmth * Some birds have white cheek * Some birds have wing patterns - wounds - yeast infection - hear dogs * Some birds help forests - populations * Some birds hide in forests - their nests at the tips of twigs amid the dense outer foliage of trees - hug the earth, floating at treetop level - hunt other animals * Some birds inhabit grassland * Some birds invade gardens - join flamingos - just eat insects and so like a pond - keep companies * Some birds kill birds - songbirds - know as raptors * Some birds lack diaphragms - lay each egg in a different nest * Some birds learn quicker than others - to fish * Some birds leave areas - breed areas - the swamp to find food * Some birds like to be misted with spray - sprayed with water from a spray bottle - decorate to attract a female * Some birds like to eat from the ground - suet, nuts, or fresh fruit, as well - play with toys a lot - sleep in a happy hut which is basically a hanging tent - use bird baths on the ground * Some birds live in Alaska - Australia - Egypt - Guyana - Illinois - Kansas - Kenya - Panama - Spain - a crack in houses - bays - close association with horses - colonies - counties - deserts - homes that humans provide - huge colonies - meadows - mountains - neighborhoods - parks - provinces * Some birds live in the trees, and some love lakes, but the meadowlark bird of the grassland - some by the shore - tropical temperature - wildernesses - zoos * Some birds live on Antarctica - prairie - savanna * Some birds locate prey - suitable prey * Some birds lose ability - beauty - breed plumages * Some birds love families - shiny things like wrappers and trash - to eat the bugs that live in dead trees - watermelon * Some birds maintain body temperature - posture * Some birds make bird food - good pets - incredible flights - it three years or longer - many different calls - no nest at all but lay their eggs directly upon the ground - nuisances - song flights always in a specific form, hovering or descending in a particular way * Some birds make their nests on the ground, some in bushes, some in trees, and some on cliffs - out of mud or rubbish, twigs and things like that * Some birds migrate as far south as southern Mexico and Honduras - the day length shortens and before it gets very cold - during the day while others fly at night - from the artic to the antartic, each year returning to exactly the same nest - instinctively or use the stars to navigate their way south in winter - southeast from breeding range to winter near Gulf Coast - through the area on their way to and from their nesting grounds * Some birds migrate to Asia - California - nest high, others on the ground * Some birds nest in colonies - extreme locations to avoid threats from predators - hollow tunnels - loose colonies - small colonies - the living tree - near protective insects or animals to reduce their risks of predation * Some birds nest on cliffs * Some birds nest on rocky cliffs * Some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night * Some birds occupy dry forest life zones * Some birds occur in density - low density - only pass through Wisconsin in spring and fall - peck holes in trees and peck at the dirt to find food * Some birds perch on one leg, drawing the other leg to the breast for warmth - drawing the other leg up to their breast for warmth - windowpanes * Some birds pick up ants - play continuously while others show no interest in additional objects in their mews * Some birds play in countries - only with loose toys they can carry around when they are outside of the cage - pose threats * Some birds possess certain diseases that can be deadly for cats - microbes - nature * Some birds prefer diets - feeding on the ground, and others prefer higher up - fens to other habitats for feeding and breeding - landscapes * Some birds prefer to be misted while others like bathing - eat from the ground, while others prefer hanging feeders - feed on the ground, others on elevated platforms - take cover in evergreen groves, while others prefer dense, twiggy shrubs * Some birds prey on anoles - desert tortoises - ducks - green anoles - probe deeply into the sediment, others take food from the surface * Some birds produce acid - consumption - oxygen consumption * Some birds provide fertilizer * Some birds raise chicks - cuckoo chicks - range over a number of habitats , but many are found in only one environment - react positively to music * Some birds receive corn - feed rations - relate to magpies - rely on snails - remain constantly at one location * Some birds remain in couple all life long - with parents * Some birds represent nations * Some birds require acid - free time outside of the cage - several days - special care - vitamins * Some birds resemble hens - loons - swans * Some birds rest on marsh * Some birds return to cages - lofts - reuse the nests of other species * Some birds roost in cattails - willows * Some birds see mealworms - monkeys * Some birds seek insects * Some birds serve as pests - sentries, scanning the horizon for predators and calling out warnings * Some birds share backyards - seasides - shift between Humboldt Bay mudflats and lowland pastures according to the tide * Some birds show bruise - deposition - no signs of disease - quite astonishing powers of recall * Some birds simply refuse to eat pellets - use land marks or geographical sites * Some birds sing at unnatural hours in the presence of artificial light - same songs - sing, some birds fly * Some birds sit in habitats * Some birds sit on edges - logs - stones - wildflowers - sleep resting on a branch, while others find a nest or birdhouse to sleep in - spend more time on wintering grounds and migration than here on breeding grounds * Some birds spread microbes - stand in barns * Some birds stand on heads - over the eggs to provide shade - starve to death * Some birds stay at the higher elevations of the foothills - mostly overhead in the tall treetop canopy seeking food and prime nest sites - on the weeping willows - together for life - stretch necks * Some birds suck flowers - suffer internal damage * Some birds survive weather * Some birds swim in groups - switch the first day, others are slow to accept a new food - swoop down and pick off the hatchlings as they rush across the beach * Some birds take a little extra effort to attract - tend to be noisier than others * Some birds thrive in Africa - transmit viruses * Some birds travel at high altitudes while others fly low - better than others do - in flocks, so the adults teach the young - turn into pets * Some birds use a variety of stitches and knots to hold their nests together - an opposite strategy, reducing their body temperature during periods of inactivity - cacti - deterrent - distraction to defend their young - epiphytes - external heat - lichens to build nests - magnetic fields - metabolic heat - mud to construct their nests * Some birds use nest boxes or tree cavities in winter as roost sites - stars to orientate themselves during migration * Some birds use the boxthorn for protection from predators - marsh as their resting place when flying south for the winter - same nests they have occupied in previous years * Some birds use their half-spread out wings in a flying motion to swim in water - outstretched feet to land - tools to assist their feeding activities - visual deterrent * Some birds visit feeders - flowers for different reasons - wait for grasshoppers * Some birds walk in the shallows, picking up tasty morsels as they go - on toes * Some birds watch birds - weigh lbs * abandon deciduous tree roosts when the leaves drop in the fall. * abound on Rookery Island and other small islets of land uninhabited by man. * accumulate fat and protein reserves by eating more and by being selective in what they eat. * add natural interest, colour and sound to the bush - sound to color thereby enriching our experience of beauty * adjust their feathers to create or dissipate an insulating layer, as typified by the ostrich. * also avoid viceroy butterflys, although they are good to eat - become accustomed to the repeated use of scare devices over time - break up sounds into categories, particularly songbirds - can appear to have difficulty walking * also carry it - seeds in mud clinging to their feet - contribute to the balance of our ecosystem - depend on insects for food - display grace, speed and strength, attributes displayed by elite netballers - distinguish their mates by call - eat the bugs, plants and worms that crawl along crops and in the soil - entertain humans with their song - feast on coral reef animals * also feed on lichens - the highly nutritious seeds produced by prairie plants - get a musical education from their parents - give birth to young with eggs - graze on the land and on the surface of the water - grind up their food with muscles in their stomach called a gizzard - groom each other - harvest blueberries, often the complete crop from a small planting * also have a distinct large intestine and a cloaca - massive breastbone that is used to anchor the powerful flight muscles - taste for many garden plants * also have a third eyelid called the nictitating membrane - eyelid, a nictitating membrane that protects their eyes - very well developed nervous system - air sacs, limited lung expansion, and air capillaries instead of alveoli * also have an air sac system - inner eyelid, called a nictitating membrane - delicate bodies and bones which can be easily bruised, injured or broken - four-chambered hearts - intelligence so they use that as well as instinct - powerful flight muscles attached to a breastbone called a keel - two wings - unidirectional flow of air into and out of their lungs - waterproof feathers * also lack several senses altogether - teeth or even a true jaw , instead having a beak , which is far more lightweight - lay eggs but they have a hard shell * also like a bit of water and food, of course - to eat fruit and they help to disperse seeds to other areas through their droppings - live along the banks * also love peas because the pea crop is one of the earliest available to feed their young - the seed of native grasses - lunge and bite, often holding onto an opponent's head or wings - make their home in the freshwater biome - molt, the process by which old feathers are replaced with new feathers - play an important part in destroying weed seeds and in scattering seeds to barren areas - produce such eggs - provide a useful perspective on brain size - remember what they've stored - represent messengers from higher powers, whether for good or ill - require water in winter - see with enormous accuracy and at long distances - seek shelter to hide from predators and protect themselves from the elements * also serve a number of cultural roles and factor heavily into religions across the globe - as sources of blood meals - steer by changing their wing configuration * also tend to cache seeds close to tree trunks where less snow accumulates - scatter their food, and feathers seem to be around all the time - turn their eggs with their beaks during incubation * also use different sounds, songs and calls in different situations - experience to recognize predators by observing mobbing behavior in other birds - olives as perches during feeding and social activities - their ability to sense air pressure to determine when it's safe to migrate * alter and improve their nests as men do their homes. * always remain in the bird family and lizards are always in the lizard family. * apparently can determine their longitude and latitude by the position of the stars. * appear especially susceptible to hormonally induced changes in their behaviors. * appear in many dreams, often trapped - to be more susceptible to infection by the virus than mammals * appreciate shallow water. * are a beautiful and important part of our natural heritage - blessed gift of nature that bring beauty to our eyes and harmonious songs to our ears - class of the chordates or vertebrate phylum - dead-end lineage - excellent indicator of the adverse effects of habitat fragmentation - favorite sound for many people - especially early in the morning - favourite disguise of gods when they come to visit mortal women * are a form of urban wildlife which offers year-round enjoyment - wildlife found in urban, suburban and rural areas - grand species - part of the intricate web of nature - problem in all production areas - sentinel for West Nile Fever - source of fascination for children around the world - vital part of our natural heritage * are able to find plenty of food during summer months - fly because of a variety of specialized adaptations - hear a wider range of sounds than humans - maintain a long-term infection - synthesize vitamin D but require an adequate amount of sunlight to do so - about pride and beauty as well * are abundant, along with geckos and colorful insects - and make up the bulk of the endemic and native vertebrate species - particularly along the river courses and in the scrubland * are actually specialised theropod dinosaurs - very hardy animals and tolerate conditions as well as any other animal * are acutely sensitive to zinc which is used in the spray - adapted to living in diverse environments - adept at avoiding objects - afraid of dogs - alert and aware of their surroundings - all around all the time - almost all intensely visual animals * are also a victim of West Nile Virus - able to focus their eyes very quickly which is essential during flying - amniotes, a group that includes the mammals, birds, dinosaurs, and reptiles - different sizes and come in large, medium, and small - endothermic - fairly easy to track - fond of the pine nuts * are also important economically - members of the swamp community - indicators of how healthy the environment is - instrumental in providing bats with places to roost - nature's most efficient insect predator * are also responsible for dispersing the seeds - the wide dispersion of seeds - safer when cats are kept indoors - sub-divided, with eagles above pigeons , for example - successful predators of garters - vulnerable to chemical pollution and biological poisoning from natural toxins * are always on the look-out for predators - oviparous and reptiles are nearly always so - among the most easily observed wildlife - an excellent indicator of the fitness of the environment * are an important economic factor as well - food source in coastal wintering areas, and in nesting season - indicator of environmental quality - part of alpine tundra communities * are an important part of our daily lives - the kachina ceremonies * are an integral part of our environment - anatomically correct and are in settings that are appropriate for their species - ancestors of a dinosaur by the name of theropods - animals that can travel large distances during migration * are animals that have feathers and that are born out of hard-shelled eggs - feathers-peacock, sparrow, crow, pigeon - with beaks and feathers - artificial satellites * are as common as people - much dinosaurs as bats are mammals * are at home in the air - risk when preening wet feathers * are attracted to heliconia fruits and are important in the plant's seed dispersal - red and yellow flowers * are attracted to the fruits as a food source and help in dispersing the seeds - noise of flowing water - avian dinosaurs - beautiful and their extravagant plumages are dazzling to the eye - beneficial in being leaders in insect control - better off with other birds - bipedal, but no one suggests that they are closely related to humans - birds by reason of the same process - black with a white tail stained yellow with preen gland oil * are capable of breathes - hatchs - perchs - traveling incredible distances in their migratory movements - classified by most paleontologists as belonging to the subgroup Maniraptora - common and more easily seen - complex creatures of habit - considered to be theropod dinosaurs - consummate communicators - covered in feathers instead of fur or hair and hatch from eggs * are creatures of habit and are highly suspicious of new foods - they like their lives predictable - location, and no two locations are exactly alike - critical links in native ecosystems - defined by their feathers, beaks that have no teeth and their high metabolism * are descended from one group of saurischians - lineage of small theropods and therefore are members of Theropoda - desperate for food in the weather when the ground and trees are frozen * are different from humans in many ways - planes in that they are able to get both lift and thrust from their wings - difficult to manage because they are the most mobile of all wildlife - dinosaurs, but the African cryptids are likely to be a myth - dioecious with sexual reproduction and internal fertilization - diurnal and have a poor olfactory sense - diverse only in wetlands and in riparian vegetation along rivers * are easier to catch for movement purposes, beak-trimming and vaccination - find in early morning - spot and include guans, trogons and quetzals - easily able to heat themselves because of a high rate of metabolism * are endothermic amniotes - tetrapod vertebrates - with insulation provided by feathers and a fat layer * are endothermic, capable of keeping the body warm through metabolism - using their own metabolic heat to maintain a constant body temperature * are especially active in the early morning - colorful and abundant in the spring - sensitive to upset * are even harder to photograph than animals - more sensitive to essential oils than cats - everywhere in our lives - excellent flagship species and vital environmental indicators * are excellent indicators of the overall health of the environment - variety and conditions of habitats * are exceptionally good indicators of environmental problems - susceptible to second-hand smoke * are experts at hiding illnesses - their symptoms of disease * are extremely particular about the height and diameter of the entry hole - sensitive to the toxins in the foggers - fairly unusual critters - fascinating creatures and possess many unique anatomical characteristics - feather-bearing and lay eggs - feathered animals - flight orientated organisms - flock animals - fond of the seeds, which are produced in abundance - food for many animals * are found at predictable times and locations - on every continent of the world - fragile animals - from around the world * are good at bringing in mites or lice - building nests * are good indicators of climate change - the ecological health of an area - what to expect - pets for smaller apartments and cramped living quarters - healthier, all naturally, without synthetic vitamins, drugs or chemicals * are high energy creatures that require a very balanced diet - on the list of living things people want to save - highly specialized animals * are highly susceptible to West Nile virus, and are thought to be the only viral reservoirs - cold and heat - variable in many ways - visible in life, everybody knows what a bird is - visually sensitive, but sounds can also be a factor in identification - host to diverse mites - immune to toxic mistletoe berries and act as agents to disseminate the seeds * are important components of ecosystems - ecologically as well as economically - elements of nearly every ecosystem on earth - indicators of long term environmental and agricultural sustainability - prey where fish and crayfish are scarce - scavengers in many ecosystems, removing the carcasses of dead animals - sentinels for the overall health of the environment * are important to rainforests because they like to eat seeds and fruit - the desert plant community - in good general body condition - incapable of burping or passing gas from their behinds - incredible companion animals with very long life spans - incredibly diverse in size, color, and lifestyles - indicators of the overall health of our environment - intellient creatures, parrots even more so * are intelligent animals and require mental stimulation * are intelligent, amazing animals that deserve a long, healthy, happy life - playful, loving, and social - responsive and a great deal of fun to own - irreverent squatters, treading light and squawking heavy, making nests from found objects * are just feathery, flying dinosaurs in the opinion of most vertebrate paleontologists - one item in their diet - key to the spread of the virus - known to be sensitive to air pressure changes, and often hunker down before a big storm - largely responsible for spreading the seed - larger in the temperate zones than in the tropics - least susceptible to the poisons * are less attracted to the crop, which enables fruit to be left hanging on the tree longer - common in the north and in the drier regions - lighter than other animals * are like children - they want to taste everything - people when it comes to who they like and who they dont like * are likely to decoy when returning from feeding areas - swallow before they taste - listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges - living dinosaurs, most experts believe * are located in air - bushs - countrysides - lawns - water fountains - windowsills - male and female - many times more sensitive to chemicals than mammals * are masters at hiding signs of illness as a protective mechanism - sickness - mature and good flyers - meant to fly and be with others of their own kind in a natural environment - messengers and can carry olive branches in their beaks when they fly over flood waters * are messy eaters, and get food all over themselves - migratory and are regulated by the federal government - monogamous, live as s * are more active around the colony site during spring and early summer - advanced than fish, amphibians or reptiles - closely related to mammals than sharks are to most fishes - emotional than mammals, and their love-making is more refined - likely to develop respiratory troubles if heat is removed too early - numerous in northern Australia * are more sensitive and they eat everything - to air pollutants than people - than the sum of their feathers * are more tolerant of high doses of lindane than are mammals - vehicles, moving or parked, than of people walking around * are most active and easily observed in the early mornings and late afternoons - conspicuous during the early morning hours - mostly air dwellers that rely on the trees to attract mates - mutes * are natural alarm bells - enemies of many insects - flock creatures and they form strong bonds with other members of their flocks - naturally affectionate, active and intelligent * are notorious for hiding or concealing the visible signs of illness - opening birdcage latches * are numerous and include the golden eagle - for most of the year in Palm Canyon * are numerous, and large mammals occasionally frequent the geyser basins - especially egrets, herons and ospreys * are of great economic importance to man - top quality stock and are healthy and vibrant * are often easier to spot, as they roost in trees or brush and take to the air - far away, relative to our eyesight - ideal pets for people with allergies to dogs and cats - inclined to try to uproot the sets, particularly if too much of the bulb is showing - serious pests of the fruit - the hosts - times seen as pests * are one group of animals with much diversity - important source of food for Aboriginal people - of only four taxonomic groups to have evolved powered flight * are one of the best, and in some cases the only, monitors of environmental change - only major taxa where monogamy is the dominant mating system - two classes of homotherms - taxon for which reliable information about extinctions exists - only one indicator of the role that coffee plays in protecting biological diversity - our best natural insect control, eating tons of insects annually * are part of birds - the dinosaur clade * are particularly likely to island-hop - numerous in and around salt marshes - responsive to energetic therapeutics - susceptible to entanglement as they collect material for their nests - placed in an exercise pool to build up their physical fitness - plentiful including parrots, hawks and wedge- tailed eagles - plentiful, especially sea-birds, but other animal life is sparse - powerful symbols of the cycle of life * are present in several food names - throughout almost every habitat across the globe - primary amplifier hosts - principal agents of seed dissemination, with water a secondary agent * are probably the most beloved group of wild animals on the planet - popular animal species that benefit from feeders * are quite active and therefore eat a lot - close to mammals with a highly developed vertebrate immune system - variable in their behaviors - rare in the fossil record, because their skeletons are fragile - related through one common ancestor * are relatively easy to identify - fearless while in the cover - reluctant to walk, preferring to sit rather than stand - remarkable, and egg laying unique biologic event - responsible for spreading tulip seeds as well - rounded with a flat head, resembling a robin - safer in the water than in the middle of a pasture - seasonal creatures of habit - seasonally abundant - secretive during incubation - self-centered, and behave to please themselves - sensitive indicators of environmental change - significantly more susceptible to diazinon than other wildlife - simply everywhere and are, probably, the most successful inhabitants of Earth - situated between reptile and mammals in the evolutionary line * are small and easy to care for - surviving flying dinosaurs - smallest in the far west and on the south coast - smalls * are so abundant their song nearly drowns out the sound of crashing ocean waves - sensitive to smells and chemicals * are social creatures and do best when placed in a room with lots of family activity * are some of the most colorful and interesting creatures that share our world - interesting and observable animals - still common in impoundment areas * are subject to a number of different heart conditions - cannibalism anytime they are confined, and often when they run free - terrestrial organisms * are the cause of many diseases of humans and domestic animals - desert's alarm clock - last surviving dinosaurs - living descendants of dinosaurs * are the main carriers of the infection, which is spread by mosquitoes - dispersal agents of the seeds , consuming the fruit during their fall migration - mode of seed dispersion * are the major predator of the ladybug - source of the virus * are the most active creatures - beautiful and accessible animals on earth * are the most common animal living on the barrier beach - diverse vertebrate group followed by fish - efficient breathers on the planet - important dispersal agents - likely predators of adult African bullfrogs - mobile creatures on Earth - numerous and important group of terrestrial vertebrates - obvious predators * are the most popular group in the animal kingdom - visible of our prairie animals * are the natural host for the virus, which can be fatal to birds and humans - reservoir of the virus * are the only animals that have feathers and all birds have feathers - feathers and wings * are the only animals to do well when human income levels go up, they say - well, they say - dinosaurs surviving today - group of animals to possess feathers * are the only living descendants of the theropods - organisms with feathers, and no dinosaurs have been found with feathers - remaining species from the dinosaur line - species for which the status of all members has been assessed - original carriers of viral encephalitis * are the primary agents of seed dispersal in New Guinea's forests - carriers of the disease - reservoir for new influenza viruses - sentinels of the forest - subject for many famous artists and nature writers - youngest but most numerous class of vertebrates on Earth * are thought to be descendents of dinosaurs - most closely related to a. dinosaurs - have evolved from a. b. c. d. small, tree-dwelling mammals - pair for life - use cryptochromes in some part of their heads to sense magnetic fields - to remain in their cages - toe-walkers too - toothless, an adaptation that trims the weight of the head * are unable to fly when oil loads the feathers - preen themselves on the head which allows for mites to exist there - unaffected by the capsicum resin in peppers, but squirrels do feel the heat - unique in that they are the only known creatures that migrate great distances - used for watching - vectors of numerous diseases, both bacterial and viruial - vertebrates with feathers, modified for flight and for active metabolism * are very active - apt to fear things which are up above - attracted to running water - finicky when it comes to selecting a home - good at hiding illness or injury - hardy creatures and can cope with a wide range of conditions if healthy - highly evolved vertebrates - intelligent creatures - long-lived creatures * are very sensitive to air quality - many household products - social animals - susceptible to the effects of inhaled volatile toxins, including essential oils - vigilant and alert because they have to be to stay alive - virtually absent from the fossil record * are warm blooded and their body is divided into the head, neck and trunk - vertebrate animals with feathers and a bill * are warm-blooded and their young hatch out from eggs - therefore have a constant temperature - animals with feathers and wings - like mammals, but unlike mammals, they lay eggs * are warm-blooded, and most species can fly - so they have other reasons for high flying - way too intelligent to put in a cage and leave there to eat seed and look pretty * are well known for their very elaborate courtship displays in an attempt to attract a mate - winged creatures with colorful plumage which are used as transportation by the gentlefolk * arrive at locations - to feed on the vernal pool plants and animals * attain adult plumage in the third year. - monarchs because the caterpillars are born on milkweed plants - the Dead Sea because there are only a few plants to feed upon * bathe only infrequently when temperatures drop below freezing. * bear their young in hard-shelled eggs which hatch after some time * become confused by bright lights and can lose their way - dependent on bird feeders - dinosaurs, pelycosaurs and mammals become therapsids, which cease to be reptiles - less mobilized and scan the air - victims * beep and squeak and call to one another as they flutter about the arms of the tree. * begin dying of fowl cholera four to nine days after exposed to the virus - their life inside a hard egg - to make their presence known * belong outside, where they can be free. - grades * bite prey. * bitten by infected mosquitoes are infectious from four to eight days. * blanket many of the smaller islands around. * breathe by expanding the ribcage outward, which draws air in like a bellows - faster than mammals and their bodies are warmer - in air through their lungs - with lungs * breed in almost unreachable places. * breed, nest, feed and escape their predat ors in wetlands. * bruise more easily when on aspirin. * build a nest to keep predators away and hide eggs. * build nests for breeding in trees, on cliffs, or on the ground - on the grooved rock formations that surround geysers - their nests everywhere * build their nests in trees along the bank from mud and twigs gathered along the shore - trees, bushes, and on the ground - nearby and sing in the trees * bypass the issue by having no teeth at all and are able to maintain the horny beak with ease. * cages for pet birds - to hang plants in, grapevine to twine around picture frames or a window * call and sing. * call to one another from across an open field * can accurately judge distances when flying, landing, and looking for food - actually feel changes in air pressure in their inner ear - additionaly have oil droplets as color filters in front of their photoreceptors - affect the evolution of insects by increasing the cost of avoidance strategies to insects - afford to be that obvious because of their ability to fly * can also be mischievous and highly destructive - some of the fiercest warriors in the animal kingdom - grow a more dense cover of feathers - make lots of noise for other reasons - obtain water via the foods they ingest - pant for prolonged periods without constricting the blood vessels in their brains - pass on an infection called psittacosis - segregate themselves temporally - suffer heat stroke - and do die * can be a major pest on blue corn - pain near harvest time - an intermediate vector - as different as people when it comes to their food preferences - both helpful and harmful to man - carnivores, insectivores, or generalists, which feed on a variety of foods - indicators of the health of the environment as a whole - killed in collisions with wind turbines, turbines produce some noise * can be many colors - different colors - physically fragile, but they are also emotionally fragile as well - polyoma vaccinated upon request - quite intelligent and have complex social groups - relatively small non-threatening animals - very persistent * can become dangerously caught, slipping their beak into the clip area - entangled in long pieces of leather or sisal - exhausted after flying around for hours and have difficulty maintaining height - very ill, particularly after eating artificial tree needles - behaviorally thermoregulate to some extent to reduce heat loss - bleed to death very easily * can carry allergy-provoking mites, molds or pollen on their feathers - bacterial infections for years and still appear healthy - seeds in the mud that they pick up on their feet - catch their nails on string, and swallow it as well * can cause damage to pearl millet fields - severe damage in localized areas * can choke on peanut butter - uncooked pasta - come from as far away as China, Japan, Siberia and Arctic regions - conceal that they are unwell until they are very sick and debilitated - decimate a lettuce patch, and they like the same tender seedlings as do the slugs * can die as the result of window collisions - if they become badly entangled in the nesting material - digest most of the outer white shell of the flower and some of the sticky, clear liquid - discern colors, smells, textures and flavors in their natural habitat - do amazing things with their beaks, from cracking open a shell to turning an egg - drink from nipple drinkers that dispense water with a push of a button - drown in small amounts of water - eat their weight in aphids and mosquitos - experience both stress and physical discomfort on capture and transportation * can fall in and drown - feed on any type of seed * can fly , but cats can jump - and airplanes can fly - away, but buildings stay to suffer the consequences of environmental neglect - somewhere else for water - very long distances * can get fat, especially on some diets, but err on the cautious side - very sick very fast - gradually develop immunity to coccidiosis * can have a latent infection - nine to twelve primaries, but the most common number is ten - wind, fish can have water ice for an arctic bear and so forth - help to control insects, especially pasture pests like scarab beetles - hide illness for a long time - hover, they can fly backwards and sideways - learn to avoid certain color patterns * can live fine in a collar - for days-weeks months, and even years after an escape - longer without proper nutrition than they can without good quality water - make hundreds of trips to collect materials - move by flapping their wings , or they can stay in the same place - nest in snags as small as four inches in diameter - obtain water directly from their food, insects and even plant seeds - often safely perch on a power line without being electrocuted - overcome the cardenolide defense of monarch butterflies in Mexico - overheat very easily and die from being wrapped up too long, especially in warm weather - quickly become hypothermic and perish - reach their breeding grounds quickly and get the best territory - recognize many characteristics and select for favorable patterns - recover from botulism poisoning under favourable environmental conditions - see their reflection in a window - show a variety of clinical signs - sometimes be variable due to the two reasons - spread viral infections among the insect pests - stop overnight in a pond in a suburb or city, as well as a wetland, rice field, or lake * can suffer from a number of skin conditions that affect the feet - just as much from excess vitamins as an insufficiency - respiratory signs as above along with conjunctivitis - severe injuries by flying into such materials - with mites and lice - sun themselves to keep warm in winter - survive with supportive care, food and water, and protection from secondary infections - synthesize their own melanin by oxidizing the amino acid tyrosine - tense their muscles to make the feathers stand up and thus hold a thicker volume of air - then leaf bathe by rubbing up against the wet foliage - travel across the Atlantic by normal migration, storms, or legal and illegal importation - turn up at any time and in any place * carry allergy-provoking mites, moulds and pollen on their feathers. * carry ancient medleys to their off-springs * carry the West Nile virus - seed from tree to tree * carve out their own niche in nature. * catch and eat adult dragonflies - their feeding habits as food grows scarce * chew constantly. - trees to find food * close eyes. - the soft hairy seed to line their nests * collide with every size and kind of glass window, door, or lobby. * come from all over the world hungry and ready to eat all the insects - great breeding stock - the smaller islands and repopulate the ones the foxes have been removed from - in a huge range of colours * come in all shapes and all sizes, depending on the climate, landscape and the food source - sizes, including the ostrich - many sizes, shapes and colors - into contact - water to drink, bathe and feed * come, that fly away in winter. * commonly eat small pebbles to grind food for digestion - feed upon the seeds, which can be employed to fatten poultry * communicate using body language in very subtle ways - vocal skills and body language - verbally as many other species of animals do * construct their nests without consciously thinking about it. - huge quantities of seed and other natural foods found on a farm * contaminate insulation with droppings. * continue to serve as guardians of our environment. * contribute to the economy. * control pasture pests - their own unstable flight in three dimensions * copy each other's songs. * craft their nests without consciously thinking about it. * create lift by moving forward. * cry, but never shed tears. * declare their territory by singing. * defend territories just as frequently as mammals - themselves in many ways, including gathering in large groups or flocks * defending their nests virtually always attack the highest part of their perceived enemy. * depart in opposite directions after post-copulatory display. - particles of grit, in the gizzard, to grind up hard seeds * descending from high altitudes can perform amazing dives, rolls and turns. * desire flies. * develop drooping wings, lameness and paralysis, particularly of the legs - feeding patterns and become dependent on feeders for their food - their bright colors from living around certain colors * devour the fleshy arils and void the seeds which remain viable. * die after eating granular pesticides - faster due to heat stress than cold stress - from oil spills if their feathers are covered in oil - wherever they happen to be when they become too weak to move around any more * differ because they also have a map sense - from all other animals in having feathers - in how they feed * digest food rapidly but that depends on the food and the bird - the pulp of the berry and excrete the living seed - their food quickly and create a great deal of waste matter * digging burrows have severely warn bills and claws. * disseminate seeds and prey upon innumerable insect and vertebrate pests. * distribute plant seeds over the large distances. * diversify, occupying the niches left by the pterosaurs. * do bite a lot more in captivity, usually because their boundaries are being pushed too far - eat tarantulas, it's unlikely it's the other way around - get sick - have changing moods - it by feigning injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young * do it, bees do it, even monarch butterflies in trees do it - polyps in the sea do it - like water play, and with supervision, many even enjoy showers with their owners - still come home to roost * do that by using their wings - instinctively, in response to a change in the temperature - the same, as do squirrels, etc - wonderful things to match behavior with coloration * do, however, prefer some type of escape cover to retreat into when startled - of course Even trees have their own songs * drink blood - from the ponds in the summer and deer share apples, plums, and pears in the fall * drop debris on the ice which creates a serious hazard for ice skaters - lifeless from trees - out of the sky, dead, because of the heat and the sun * droppings down the chimney can cause a bad smell and a breeding ground for mites. * eat a lo t of willow, especially in the winter when other foods are scarce - lot of food in winter in order to stay warm - wide variety of seeds and insects - at different heights, and some become territorial with feeding grounds - berries, seeds, insects and some even eat worms - both the larvae and adults of the gypsy moths - buds and mountain beavers eat leaves and bark - caterpillars on the willows, however - continually throughout the day, dropping and discarding bits of food everywhere - crops, damage property, and leave deposits of droppings and nesting material - fly's * eat food in different ways - that they scavenge - frequently throughout the daytime * eat granules exposed on the soil surface, mistaking the granules for food or grit - or eat prey that have been exposed to chemicals * eat insects, grubs, flies and spiders - worms and other live creatures different from themselves - lots of insects - mosquitoes and other insects - plants and are in turn consumed by African wildcats - salmon smolts released from hatcheries, and also eat hatchery and fishery offal * eat seeds all the time anyway - and berries, and many eat insects as well * eat small fish with small bones - souls - sprayed bugs and die themselves - stones because with birds being toothless * eat the adult flies and the larvae - arils and spread theseed * eat the berries and disperse seeds to other locations - distribute the seeds in their droppings - find cover in the branches - in turn spread the seeds - buds, small mammals eat the fruit, and several species feed on the bark and sprouts - dry berries and disperse the seeds - eggshells for the calcium they provide - fish, algae and human food - fruit, dispersing the seeds to other tree limbs * eat the fruits, and then disperse the undigested seeds - thereby spreading the seeds beyond the limits of cultivation - hips, and then pass the seeds in new locations * eat the seeds and also collect the silken tassels for their nests - one at a time - shiny plastic and think they are full, but later die of starvation - small, black fruit and deposit the seeds everywhere - treated insects and berries - their berries, which are coated in gluey material called viscin - up the seed that falls on the hard soil of the path * eaten more frequently in nesting period. * eating infected worms can also help disperse the oocysts - insects bring direct benefit to agriculture and forestry destroying pests - the petals pollinate the flower * employ the most astonishing strategies to conceal their young from predators. * encounter many hazards during migration. * enjoy diets - eating pepper pods, but they have an aversion to the highly concentrated oleoresins - fresh seeds - having their heads scratched - oil seeds * enjoy the many seeds the stalks hold through the fall and winter - movement of swings, perhaps because they resemble branches swaying in the wind - veggies, fruits, pasta, sprouts, grains and even cooked meat such as chicken - territories and begin mating and nesting * excavate at all times of day but more frequently in morning. * excrete that white pasty stuff instead of separately urinating and defecating like mammals do - their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a paste * exhibit a variety of mating systems - vast array of different behaviors, including many which humans can relate to * exist as byproducts of vegetation. - their ranges northwards * face a number of other threats - many threats on their breeding and wintering grounds and on their migratory stop-overs - sexual discrimination - special challenges when it comes to obtaining nutrition from food * fall from the sky - out of the eye onto large bodies of water, or even wet parking lots that look like water - mainly on the ground and often in vast flocks - most frequently in the morning and evening * feed on berries and seeds found in hedgerow borders while ladybirds gorge on aphids - different food patches throughout the year - insects and provide visual delight as well * feed on the baitfish that stripers and blues often chase to the surface - berries and sometimes act drunk afterwards - buds, and rodents, such as beavers and porcupines, eat the bark - tight clusters of small, reddish fruit borne on the branch tips of female trees - upon adults and larvae while predatory bugs attack eggs and larvae - usually on insects and their larvae from the mid canopy * feeding at a bird feeder is an example of a dispersion economy - in flocks always have a few lookouts ready to sound the alarm in case of enemies * feel safer in cages that have corners so avoid cages that are round or dome shaped * figure prominently in Native legends. * fill the air with their chirps and songs as they too celebrate the changing of the seasons. - fruits of both species edible - it difficult to peck on ears that have flopped over - nest boxes and have young every year * finish their molt and the days grow shorter. * flap wings. * flit across skies that, once gray and foreboding, are now light blue - among palm fronds and exotic fish glide in orchid-fringed pools - from tree to tree with song and life * flock overhead and sing in the forest. * fluff up their feathers and trap air between the feathers - when they want to stay warm, since fluffing introduces air * fly and eat insects - fish swim * fly at different times of the year - many altitudes, depending on where they are going and the purpose for their travel - night and rest during the day with other swans - varying altitudes during migration - away and rodents go underground - because of lift - faster when migrating than otherwise - from one area to another as their food sources shift - high in the sky - in and birds fly out And never touch a hair * fly in the air - breezy air and sing graceful songs - into windows or mirrors, injuring themselves in the process * fly north during the summertime to evade warmer weather - in the spring to find food and breed - northward or settle down to raise families - or sit facing into the wind or in a crosswind * fly out early - of windows, never to be seen again * fly south as winter approaches - for the winter because it's warmer in the South - in the winter to keep warm - south, far, far south - through the air - towards the sun * fly up from South America, going north to nest - to their nests - up, goldfinches and larks, bees, beetles, bugs and birds - using wings - very efficiently - with twists and turns * fly, but they are in a separate scientific classification - fish swim, and people learn * follow a similar strategy of waste elimination - instincts to provide, protect, and nurture * forage for aerial insects * forage in agricultural fields * form breed pairs - the majority of the group of animals which collect building material of animal origin * frequently eat the flower buds during winter, affecting the blooming the following spring - roost on the eagle on top of the flagpole - vocalize to attract a mate * gather in great numbers whenever there plague of insects - there at night to sleep * generally behave as if they perceive, learn, and act upon an object-filled visual world - handle transport remarkably well - have excellent color vision - swallow things whole, including stones - take off shortly after sundown and rapidly gain maximum altitude * get an opportunity to breed without human interferences - hardening of the arteries and heart disease just like people - information about position of other birds through singing - into compulsive preening behavior - sick when they eat food contaminated by infected droppings - slower when they're cold and it's easy for a cat to nab one - off heat as they grow - rise to a most important form of divination * glide silently by on the currents. * go after the ripening fruit, as do squirrels - from the egg, to the chick, to the adult * go through a nippy stage when they hit puberty - sequence of feather changes, or molts - most of the same phases as children do growing-up * go to great lengths to maintain plumage in good condition - the poles, and survive extremely low temperatures - underwater * gorge themselves on inebriating berries, then fly with reckless abandon. * gradually replace old feathers with new ones each year. * grow a girdle of bone in their chests quite different from dinosaur chests - fastest, followed by mammals, marsupials, reptiles and then fish - tired of the air * handle excretory material in a similar way to reptiles. * harbor the virus and transmit it to mosquitoes, which, in turn, can infect humans. * hatch and raise offspring. * hate losing their balance. * have a beak or a bill - bony sternum, but some birds lack a keel - built-in calendar, clock, and the ability to tell latitude and longitude - fully ossified skeleton with air cavities - gland in the eye that controls reproduction - high metabolic rate and a high energy requirement - large brain to body mass ratio - lightweight skeleton - long fossil record and new discoveries are being made every year - lot of adaptations for flight - modified diapsid type of skull - much higher glucose level than any mammalian species - muscular portion of the stomach called the gizzard, which grinds and crushes food * have a natural fondness for fruit - instinct to preen when their feathers are wet - tendency to imitate each other - naturally higher body heat than many other creatures * have a pair of legs and feet with sharp claws for clinging to branches of trees - lungs connected to the outside air by a single trachea * have a poorly developed clotting system - relatively small supply of circulating blood in their bodies - remarkable immune system, and it is constantly being tested by new microbes - reversed rear toe that opposes the front three toes and allows birds to perch - sac-like structure called a to store and moisten food * have a series of air sacs in the body that serve to reduce weight - located around each lung - short tail and the caudal vertebrae are fused to give the pygostyle - significant role in almost all ecological systems * have a similar basic plan to their nervous system as the rest of the vertebrates - leg and sacral structure - system, but it works in the opposite direction - single oil gland near the base of the tail, referred to as the preen gland - smaller total number of bones than mammals or reptiles - specially designed skeleton for efficient aero-dynamic performance - streamlined body shape , so that they slip through air more easily - thicker retina than humans and their eyes are larger in proportion to their head size - thin and delicate epidermis, or skin, compared to other vertebrates - third pattern of gene arrangement - tremendous variety of combinations of feather components - unique lung with a one-way air flow design - use for their tail in providing aerodynamic guidance as they fly - very different system * have a very high metabloic rate and the smaller the bird the higher the rate - metabolic rate, and thus require a high breathing rate - special feeling about their droppings * have a way of enriching their water by dropping food in it - putting things in perspective - wide variety of feathers, from large flight feathers to tiny down feathers - absolutely no ideas about human gender - accents * have air sacs that collect air - within their bones - amazing and varied behaviors * have an acute sense of taste - attractive look with the make up of their feathers - efficient breathing system, with two lungs that have special balloon-like air sacs - inherent instinct to hide their symptoms and illnesses - organ called a crop, which contains stones that grind food - bald heads - beaks and claws - better access to feed with wider auger pitch - bills but they sing anyway - bodies covered with feathers - bones that are hard and very thick - bony beaks that are specialised according to the bird's ecological niche - break legs - breed ranges - choices * have delicate bones - respiratory systems - delicate, hollow bones to lighten their weight while dinosaurs had solid bones - colors, sizes, wing markings, tail shapes, beaks, and habits * have different kinds of beaks, depending on the kind of food it eats - feet and beaks - personalities, just like humans - ways of looking colorful - diseases such as psittacosis and avian tuberculosis - enormous eyes relative to their body size and the keenest vision of all vertebrates * have excellent colour vision, and the feathers of many species react to ultraviolet light - eyes, perhaps the best of all vertebrates - vision and coordination, supported by well-developed areas of the brain * have extremely great energy requirements because of their high metabolic rate - fantastic eyesight with a keen ability to discern colors * have feathers and lay eggs - mammals have hair - for protection from different weather conditions * have feathers on most of their body, and scales on legs and feet - their skin * have feathers that are designed for different functions - make a flapping sound * have feathers, are hatched from eggs, and are usually mouth-fed by their parents - two wings, two feet, bills or beaks, eggs, etc * have feathers, wings, beaks, and scales on their legs and feet - lay eggs and are warm blooded - feet and can walk - fewer taste buds than do mammals * have fewer vertebrae and fewer bones at the ends of their limbs - while other species have more - forearms modified for flight * have four appendages - cone receptors and also they are able to see the ultraviolet radation - eyesight and colour vision and most are active by day - vision, sense of smell and have a magnetic field detection * have great potential - prominence in Irish mythology - hard shells - high metabolisms, and their condition can degrade very quickly without proper care - highly developed color vision * have highly efficient lungs, divided ventricles in their heart, and are warm- blooded - respiratory systems which absorb chemicals very quickly - hiss voices * have hollow bones and are astoundingly light - like dinosaurs and their feathers are really just a form of scales - that are very light and strong - hollow, lightweight bones, ideal for flight-but poor for fossilization - huge eyes, particularly owls - impact - intrinsic value - knees - leukocytes , too, and the most numerous leukocyte is the lymphocyte * have light and porous bones but kiwis have heavy bones like mammals - light-weight that are filled with air - lightweight skeletons in which many of the major bones are hollow * have little if any magnifying power in their eyes - lock mechanisms * have long legs, bright yellow beaks and are brightly marked and speckled in wintertime * have many adaptations for flight such as lightweight, hollow bones, feathers, and wings - including flying, laying eggs, having a beak, and hollow bones - different ways of taking off - more cones in their retinas than do humans and thus have excellent color vision - mostly thin skin with little keratin - moveable upper and lower eyelids, just like humans - much less blood than humans and can literally bleed to death from a broken blood feather - mucous in respiratory tract and spotty hemorrhages on abdominal fat - nests with eggs inside * have no ability to reason or to comprehend the concept of reflection - spit - sweat glands and lose heat through their respiratory system and exposed skin * have no teeth and depend on grit in their gizzard to help digest their food - to grind their food - urinary bladder, and urine is temporarily held in the cloaca * have one beak, two wings, and two feet - common tract for urine, poop, eggs and sperm - occipital condyle, but mammals have two - of the most complex respiratory systems of all animal groups - type of body, fish have another, the moon has yet another - only one functional ovary * have other adaptations that keep their weight low - skeletal differences from other animals - pale brown backs - particularly thinner barriers than bats and nonflying mammals - pin feathers which are new feathers that are covered by a thin sheath * have pneumatic bones that are hollow rather than tissue-filled - hollow, and light in weight * have powerful beaks - breast muscles which is the power source for the movement of the wings - relatively large eyes in relation to the size of the head - remarkable genetic programmes for building nests, singing and migrating - reptilian scales - same problems - scales, claws, and they lay eggs - scissor beaks - sensitive feet and they can feel the vibrations of the earthworms moving underground - several ways of adjusting the time and energy costs of intermittent incubation - eyes and are always on the lookout for an insect meal - eyesight, and their eyes can dart quickly to spot food or predators * have short beaks - loops, mammals longer - sing voices - skeletons similar to mammal skeletons - small glomeruli, but about twice as many nephrons as similarly sized mammals - something of an advantage when it comes to speed, for obvious reasons - special adaptations that allow flight to be possible - swallow difficulty * have swell eyes - talons and can grasp a branch securely * have the ability to learn and respond to specific training experiences - see ultraviolet light as well as the primary colors - best sight in the animal kingdom to see ripe fruit colors - capacity to mask signs of illness - greatest number and range of influenza strains - their own ways for adapting to global warming - thicker egg shells than reptiles * have three basic types of feathers - eyelids, and so do dogs and cats * have to eat alot of food to store fat for their journey - more food than their proportion size because of their high metabolic rates - regularly in order to stay healthy - fly to get food and to run away from their enemies - have a light mass so that they still are able to carry themselves in flight - incubate eggs outside their body, requiring additional heat - lay down a substantial food reserve to be able to fly thousands of miles - maintain a small mass because in order to stay in flight - tremendous cultural and economic value - tunes * have two eyes - types of nephrons - two-part wings - unbelievably thin bones that are extremely strong - uncinate processes on the ribs - vary diets * have very airy bones, large animals have very dense bone - brief sleep periods * have very good homing abilities - large chest muscles called pectorals which are used to flap the wings - light, fragile bones which can easily be injured by a clumsy landing or a fall - sensitive respiratory systems - strong muscles in their wings and very light, hollow bones * have wide breed ranges * have wings and most have the ability to fly - so do insects - for flying - which they use to fly and they have feathers and beaks and two legs * have wings, are feathered, have beaks, lay eggs, and are warm-blooded - which help in flying - wonderful dispersal abilities - yet to return to beaches * help disperse the fruits - to maintain balance in the environment * hide illness as an instinctive protection against predators - quite well - their illnesses very well as it is part of their natural defenses * hold widespread public interest. * hop slower, but keep peeping. * huddle together for warmth. * hunt food * include birds - blue jays - cuckoos - gulls - mourn doves * includes air sacs - bird's feet - cell membranes - chest cavities - corpi - cytoplasm - lips - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - vacuoles - wishbones * ingest matter. * inhabit areas * inhale the mold spores and infection spreads in the lungs, causing bronchitis and pneumonia. * insect nesting associations in the tropics. * instinctively feed their young worms and build nests without ever having been taught how. * is birds. * keep a distance - farmers in business * know when to fly south. * lack teeth, and the grit which is kept in the gizzard is used to grind up seeds - the enzyme necessary to form bilirubin and thus form biliverdin instead * landing on the float add nutrients to the system, enriching it. * lay amniotic eggs with hard, calcium carbonate shells - eggs and most bird parents look after their young * lay eggs in clutches - which they generally incubate - eggs, and eggs have to be kept warm - hard eggs but provide a great deal of care for their eggs and developing young * lay hard-shelled eggs made mostly of calcium carbonate - that hatch and produce helpless chicks - from experience - quickly to avoid certain types of food that are poisonous - song from aggressive tutors - their songs * learn to associate odors with wind direction - communicate with people through sounds, behaviors, and actions - discriminate after one exposure * leave on migratory journeys, bears and rodents hide in hibernation. - their wings slightly * like corn - to be with birds of like feather * like to eat mice * like to feed in quiet secluded places near trees and bushes - the sun and out of the wind - large, juicy insects to their young - near cover * like to feel safe when bathing, so selecting the proper location is important - know they can easily fly to cover if necessary - perch and view an area before sampling food and water - preen after a bath and after meals * likely choose breeding sites based on vegetation characteristics. * live a long time - very precarious life surrounded by many natural and man-made dangers - considerably longer than mammals of comparable body size * live in every part of Jamaica, from the sea to the top of the tallest mountain - room unless the patient objects * live in the fields or in the woods * live on Earth, trees live on Earth - the edge * living along the fringes of forests or the edge of the sea are good examples - near lakes, pond or the ocean are most likely to eat the following organisms - on small islands are highly vulnerable to extinction * localize their activities in either the canopy or the subcanopy. * locate their largest air sacs between their flight muscles and in their body cavity. * look for bright colors and high nectar production characteristics - their feathers at certain times * love berries - dripping, splashing and moving water - evergreens especially in winter when other trees have lost their leaves - feeding in partially shaded areas - fruits and seedlings - our world and a wide variety of species move through the area in the annual migrations - the berry-like cones, which are a food source during the winter * love the dense canopy and abundant seeds - cover and fruits that hollies provide - refuge of their hidden jungles - sound of trickling water * love to be feed sunflowers - climb so it is better to have the bars on the sides running horizontal if possible - dine on all sorts of bugs, big and small - eat what their owners eat - splash in water, so including a birdbath good method to attract songbirds - variety in color and shape * mainly fulmars. - their feather condition by bathing in water, dust bathing, and preening * make a nest where they lay their eggs - variety of sounds with a variety of purposes - adjustment - all kinds of sounds and noises - big holes in dead trees and move right in * make delicate adjustment - lacy prints as they scratch for sunflower seeds - exotic noises, and insects sizzle and click - extensive and specially directed flights * make nests from string, grass and sticks - pretty raspy sounds, but geese are famous for being the nastiest * make their living in a number of ways - nest in circles * make their nests in circles, The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle - trees and shrubs of different kinds of materials they have collected - up a only small percentage of their diet when they rely solely on hunting for food - usual racket - wonderful life * making nests or beavers building dams are examples of complex programmed behavior. * manage to keep the number of insects down during most seasons. * mask the symptoms of illness and injury. * mature and change. * migrate and build homes according to their unique inner senses - back to wintering areas * migrate during different times of the year to find food - the day or night - for a variety of reasons * migrate from the area during the winter - tundra during the colder months * migrate in flocks, in a V-formation - order to find - instinctively based on the length of each day - long distances more in response to astronomical calendars than the weather - mainly to search for food - out of season and sing in the artificial daylight of the night - primarily to gain access to the best food sources - south to their winter homes - through aerial corridors called flyways - escape poor weather and food supply - more favorable weather - southern hemisphere to escape the cold - the taiga every year for the plentiful food supply - with the seasons * migrating at night use the constellations and moon as guides - between North and South america tend to be funneled into a small area * mostly occur in pairs or small family parties - seen are waterfowls, which are supported by presence of algae in the surrounding lakes - use their keen eyesight to find food * move among feeders and spread diseases as they go - back and forth in route to feeding and roosting sites * move from exposed coasts to more protected areas in autumn - place to place in search of food - in the grass taking flight at the movement of horse and rider * move through the air by pulling themselves forward like a person rowing a boat - changing seasons to better utilize available habitats - to saline lakes and reservoirs until playas thaw * naturally love to perch on branches and chew away at the bark and leaves - renew their feathers at least once a year * need amounts - animal proteins - calorie food * need large areas - medical care - vital energy * nest alongside channels - at a wide variety of heights, from ground level to the tops of trees * nest in artificial cavities - it every year - suitable habitats - nearby and sing among the leaves - on mountains * nesting at the forest edge are at special risk - in aggregations can also benefit from group defense - on a scrape typically use grass instead of sticks for their nests * never seem to get sick when they fly - sing the songs of another species - stop singing their song of hope * normally achieve thrust during flight by flapping their wings - make up only a small percent of the diet - move among feeders and can spread diseases as they go * now live almost everywhere on Earth. * obviously detect polarized light much differently and more efficiently than do humans. * occasionally feed on the caterpillars - squawk as they pass overhead * occupy a diverse range of niches and are sensitive indicators of ecosystem health - prominent place in Italian superstitions concerning death - every habitat on Earth * offer many examples of monogamy. * often are frightened of children because of their sometimes abrupt activity or sudden noise - bite the ones they love the most - chew on objects and can ingest fatal fragments of lead - dig around on the bottom of their cages, sometimes in fecal material - fall into open chimneys and become stuck at the bottom - feature large, ornate bunches of feathers which they use during mating rituals * often fly far away from the parent plant and disperse the seeds in their droppings - great distances to search out seasonal fruits - get quite frantic when they are separated from their mates - gobble from the roost and then go silent when they hit the ground - grow too large for their nests before they are able to fly - have a hopping gait and the affected area is swollen and warm to the touch * often hide illness and weight change is one of the few methods of recognizing a problem - their illness until they are too sick to hide it anymore - ingest the toxic crude oil in an attempt to preen themselves - meet the technical criteria, such as sensitivity to environmental changes - migrate from wetland to wetland on their migration path, and some even go there to nest - nest in the exact same location as the previous year - overeat or chew on food dishes out of boredom - panic when let loose so there are a few precautions to take - rely upon worms as a primary source of food - resort to dust baths in their attempt to combat the lice - show stained wings where they repeatedly wipe their eyes * often take refuge in dense thickets of plants, such as brambles, hollies, and viburnums - two or three weeks to die after their lead meal - travel quite a distance before finding the materials needed to build their nests - utter a soft chuck call when alone - visit many feeding stations in a neighborhood - wipe the seeds off their beaks onto other branches, helping to spread the plants * only have a few tablespoons of blood in their veins, and any bleeding can be life-threatening. * open beaks * peck at seed, simulating feeding behavior in their natural habitat. * peck out holes in the tree to build a nest, to lay eggs, and to eat bugs hiding in the tree - seeds to eat, scattering more to germinate into new plants * perch high and low * perch on hazard markers and hunt insects in the rough - ledges to scan for food and predators, and for nesting - surfaces - vertical surfaces - with the base of their foot, wrapping the toes around a perch * pick flies, ticks and other insects off the skin of hippos. * pick the fruit, fly away to eat, and drop the seeds - pellets up as they do small stones, to grind food in the gizzard * pick up germs and disease easily * picking up the infected egg also infect themselves with Blackhead. * pile on top of each other as they incubate the eggs. * play a major role in controlling insects - the distribution of the seeds - role in reducing dieback - special role in many fields of biology - very important part in the natural control of insects and in the dispersal of seeds - vital role in the balance of nature - an important role in all of Earth's environments - critical roles * play important roles in many ecosystems - the lives of people * poke holes in the outer skin, and the holes enlarge each year as new bird families nest. * possess a four chambered heart - remarkable abilities to navigate * preen by rubbing the oil into their feathers with their beaks. * preen to clean their feathers and to repair and realign loosened feather barbules - pick parasites from their skin - remove parasites and to clean and oil their feathers * prefer areas - baths with textured bottoms that provide firm footing - freshly made food * prefer little or no unusual odors present - to no unusual odors in their habitats - open, sunny spots - playing with toys they can chew up * prefer to be high up and against a wall - feed their nestlings moist, soft foods - fly out through the top rather than the bottom - wild sources of food, taking only about a quarter of their diets from backyard feeders * prepare the food before eating by removing hulls from seeds or inedible parts from prey. * produce large external eggs, the most elaborate reproductive cells of any animal * produce sound at the base of the tracheal tube, in the syrinx - by ventriloquism - sperm and egg cells just as mammals do, but most male birds lack a copulatory organ * provide a key that can open the secrets of environmental health and degradation - recreational values - several modern examples of how extinction can occur - the thrust and lift from their wings when they flap and soar * puff up their feathers for various reasons. * pull apart the single strands of pieces of rope or string. * quickly diminish in number and variety - strip fruit from trees - their young in the same places they find cover * raised in captivity are host to a reservoir of diseases and are of a poorer genetic strain. * range from budgies to macaws - the little sparrow to the grand bald eagle * range in age from day old to flight ready - size from thumb-sized hummingbirds to ostriches larger than a big man * reach sexual maturity in three to five years * really appreciate having some areas of dense cover and some more open areas - emit many different sounds - oxygenated air when they breathe in and when they breathe out * recognize details and they can tell the difference in colors. * reduce insect attacks. * regulate their body temperature by raising and lowering their feathers. * regurgitate food from an organ called the crop - to feed their mate, or to feed their chicks - the fluke's eggs in their droppings, which are eaten by horn snails * relish eating the fruit, and seeds passing through their digestive tract are viable. * rely on sight - sounds for survival - vision to choose mates, find food and scan for predators, for example - upon their feathers to help adapt to temperature changes * remain virtually absent from the fossil record. * represent a classic example of paraphyly - living dinosaurs according to many evolutionists * reproduce sexually. * require a place of cover or shelter if they are going to become long term residents - good ventilation without drafts in order to perform properly - medical care the same as any other animals - visual stimulation and social interaction to be happy, healthy, and talkative * residing at lower latitudes, however, tend to be non-migratory. * respond positively to communication from their own kind. * return at dusk and are active in courtship around dawn * return to same locations - their northerly breeding grounds just long enough to breed and raise young - warm currents of air to find relief at great heights * risk exposure at poultry shows, bird swaps, and live-bird sales. * roost, and other animals curl up to sleep. * routinely change their feeding behavior - preen themselves, using the oil from the preen gland near the tail * save energy and are able to travel great distances by riding the air currents. * scatter the fig seeds around the branches of another tree. * scratch for insects and tiny pebbles for their crops. * see only their reflection with the unique two-way mirror - their reflections in windows and think intruders are in their territory * seek the forest and build there and sing - fruit as a food source, particularly in the winter season * seem so delicate, yet they survive cold winters, fly incredible distances. * seem to avoid picking damp or wet feathers - be the key pests - fly faster in spring migration than in the fall - follow ships, sharp pointed black and white wings outstretched - have evolved another cellular defence against ageing - navigate like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction - represent the bridge between the heavens and the earth - respond to a falling barometer and move into roosting cover early - thrive on a routine that is consistent * select fruits with more antioxidants during autumn migration * serve an important role in maintaining essential ecological balance. * serve as a barometer of our environment - reservoir for the virus - carriers of the West Nile virus - important natural hosts for the virus in the disease cycle - the reservoir for West Nile virus, after being bitten by an infected mosquito - to disperse the seeds to new locations * settle in the leaves. * share ancestors - their feathers and grow a new set at least once a year * show a variety of stopover and flight strategies - an amazing ability to orient themselves and home in on their destination - quite distinct changes in both external and internal appearance - responses - the most apparent intelligence in meeting the problems of getting their food - up as frequent and important prey items in several areas * signify the dangerous noctural powers of women who act as witches. * similarly have the right ovary atrophied. * sing after a storm. * sing and eagles soar - eyelashes bat - flowers bloom - small beasts live on bough and on moulded ground their older brothers shunned - beautiful and diversified songs - due to instinct - far more frequently in the spring while setting up territories * sing for many reasons, from advertising for a mate to warning off intruders - in fruit trees * sing in the eaves and in the trees - long, complex songs either to mark territory or as mating rituals - lullabies, squirrels work their nests, locusts wing dancing the late summer call - most vigorously in spring and males without mates are the most vigorous singers * sing their songs and everything drips with raindrops - in the fresh air of a mountain meadow - to convey their motivational message * sing to defend territories and attract mates - warn intruders to keep out, and when such diplomacy fails, they fight * sing, ducks swim, and cattle graze nearby - fly and scurry about in their never-ending search for food - they protect their territory, they attract mates, they hunt for food * sip nectar from blossoms such as the rare Florida butterfly orchid. * sit at feeders. * slip quietly to their nests or favorite roosts. * slowly starve. * soar and dive. * soar,glide, flap their wings quickly, hover,and dive. * sometimes breed in their second year, before they attain adult plumage - build nests on climbing routes - feed on the larvae and pupae but seem to prefer other insects - fight by flying toward each other and locking bills in the air - fly into the house or into windows - get into compulsive preening behavior - swallow tiny stones * species all reproduce sexually. * spend most of their time foraging for food - the majority of their time standing on their feet so good perches are essential * sport flashy plumage, sing melodic songs, perform dramatic mating rituals. * spread Canary Island date palm seeds, which float down rivers and streams - barberry seeds by eating berries that grow on the bushes - seeds when they eat the fruit * spread the encephalitis virus and mosquitoes spread the disease to humans - seeds after eating the often abundant fruits * squawk to warn of danger. - their toes * start chirping in the spring - feather picking and other vices during a molt more than at any other time - off low but typically gain altitude very rapidly as the day quickly heats up - to call as the evil creatures melt in the light of day - using calls early in their lives, in some species even before they are hatched * starve on diets lacking sufficient vitamins - seeds are deficient in many vitamins - old food - poor diets * stay aloft by riding rising air currents - away when there's a predator nearby * still call, and rats run unmolested - fly free * stimulate economies just by being beautiful. * store fat for winter, when food is lean - food in their crop which pouch in their throat * stressed by low temperatures are much more susceptible to illness. * strut at the same places throughout the season. * suffering from the active disease usually recover rapidly - trichomonosis often look lethargic and have fluffed-up feathers - on water derived from foods they eat and from eating snow * swallow beetles * swim near each other, holding their heads low to the water. * symbolise death in myth, certainly - in Jungian terms. * symbolize fulfillment of wishes, and fertility. - great care of their eggs - off at sunrise - their role as insect predator seriously * telegraph much of what they are thinking by where, when, and how they look at things. * tend to be frequent guides in the East - monogamous whereas mammals tend to be polygamous - more flighty during the rearing period * tend to be very active much of the time - inactive, and can be hard to find - conceal signs of illness until they are so sick that they can no longer compensate - concentrate during the winter months around a reliable food source - follow ridges during migration - have ears that detect the same kinds of sounds as man - look at situations after the fact and determine if all went well - lose more water via evaporation than mammals due to their higher metabolic rates - make droppings often because they have such a high metabolism and eat often - mask discomfort or illness, making it difficult to determine their general well being - pick out what they like to eat first and leave the rest - pump more blood than mammals too - seek high protein foods to feed nestlings and fledglings - shed the organism under conditions of stress - shorten their tails - sort themselves out in tall forests * therefore tend to avoid both species. * to adapt to habitats * to find adequate food * travel less, and such animals as bears and woodchucks sleep both day and night. * travel thousands of kilometers to migrate - miles to their destinations through all kinds of weather - to and from the neotropics with built-in survival kits * treated with antibiotics can develop a secondary respiratory infection caused by yeast. * trill their calls near and far. * try to hide their illnesses and their injuries and rarily show pain. - into dogs * typically accept the first moving animal or thing that they see as their parent. * use a combination of their beaks and feet to excavate burrow nests - variety of equipment when they land - beaks and tongues for eating, e.g., woodpeckers vs. hummingbirds - both areas as habitats - cavities to protect their eggs and young from predators - colors and patterns to communicate with each other - counter current exchange to warm the cold blood returning from the feet back up - daylength to time their reproductive cycles - dense tangles of shrubbery or trees as places to hide from predators - energy to migrate thousands of miles - feeders in the spring to supplement what food they do find - gravel to digest their food and grit is one of the major components of their presents - habitats that meet their needs for food, water, shelter and nest sites - it for perching, foraging, and nesting - many things as they migrate - more energy in winter to keep warm - muscle power to develop thrust, and except for gliders, aeroplanes use motors - several visual and nonvisual orientation mechanisms to navigate - shelter for protection from the elements - small branches and twigs to build their nests - song to help defend territories and sometimes to attract mates * use strong muscles in their breasts to flap their wings - sunlight by preening their feathers * use the position of the sun - same laws of physics to fly as any winged craft or creature - snags for perches, nesting and sources of insects for food - stars, sun, moon and even the Earth's magnetic field to navigate * use their beaks to eat and pick up items, as well as to balance and get around - rub their feathers with oil secreted by the a. follicles - down to keep warm, too - feathers to protect their bodies - syrinx to make sounds while humans use their larynx - toes to wrap around a wire or tree branch so that they can perch without falling * use their tongues for a variety of functions also - of jobs also - wings in repeated quick forward and backward movements to fly in the air - visual cues and are attracted to bold red-coloured berries - vocalizations as a means of communication * usually are caught by goshawks on the ground, but some are taken in flight as well - die from a secondary infection - feed in four types of areas - ground, tabletop, hanging and tree trunk - fly to water in early evening and morning - get sick from psittacosis - have a bath pan so they can bathe as much as they want when they want - molt in a particular pattern, so that in the wild they are always able to fly - scream at dawn and dusk - wait to migrate until the passage of weather fronts * utilising tidal flats often face vast areas of seemingly uniform feeding grounds. * vary even within species and the idea here is to identify each by species - in sensitivity toward temperature and other environmental conditions - with the season and many of the more common species can be seen all year * view people as part of their flock and therefore act accordingly. - only on their hind legs * walk, run, hop, swim, perch, cling, fly and even dig. * want food * waste a lot of body heat trying to keep warm in exposed areas. * watching is one of the fastest growing hobbies in the United States. * whack into towers during spring or fall migration periods. * will have beaks. * wintering in the east prefer wetlands and resevoirs. * working bait schools on the surface can be a dead giveaway to fish feeding from below. * writhe like whips. * zoom overhead gulls with black heads, brown and white pelicans, purple martins. + Albatross, Biology, Flight: Procellariiformes :: Seabirds * Albatrosses need to take salt out of their body because they drink ocean water. All birds have a large gland at the top part of their bill, above their eyes. This gland is sometimes useless to birds that do not need it. However, albatrosses use them to help take out saltwater. Scientists are not sure how it works exactly. However, they know that it helps take out the salt. It makes a liquid that makes the saltwater drip out of their nose. + Bird flight: Fluid mechanics * Flight is a method of moving through the air. To do this, birds use wings with light, hollow bones and feathers on them. Birds have a streamlined body shape, so that they slip through air more easily. * Birds can move by flapping their wings, or they can stay in the same place. This is called hovering, with rapid wing beats, as with the kestrel. They glide from the top of a warm air current, and then move on to another warm air current. That way birds like buzzards can fly all day while using little energy - nest, Types of nests, Ground and mound nests * Many birds nest right on the ground. After carving out a little hole, ground and mound nesters line the nest with grass or other materials. Geese even pick feathers from their breasts and make a nice downy bed for their eggs. Most ducks, geese, and quail like the ground for nesting. Penguins nest on the ground, too, pushing rocks around the nest to keep it from washing away with flood waters. Usually, males make ground nests + Bird, Behaviour, Communication * All birds make sounds to communicate. The types of noises that they make are different. All birds have 'cries' which are the sounds to communicate. Some birds can also 'sing'. These birds are called 'songbirds'. Some songbirds are robins, larks, canaries, thrushes, nightingales and crows. * All birds make sounds to communicate. The types of noises that they make are different. All birds have 'cries' which are the sounds to communicate. Some birds can also 'sing'. These birds are called 'songbirds'. Some songbirds are robins, larks, canaries, thrushes, nightingales and crows. Birds that are 'not' songbirds are pigeons, seagulls, eagles, owls and ducks. Parrots are not songbirds, even though they can be taught to sing human songs - Hatching * Once the 'hen' has mated, she produces fertile eggs which have chicks growing inside them. She lays the eggs in the nest. There might be just one egg or a number of them, called a 'clutch'. Emus might lay as many as fifteen huge dark green eggs in a clutch. After the eggs are laid, they are 'incubated', or kept warm so the chicks form inside. Most birds stay together for the whole nesting season, and one advantage is that the work is shared. Many birds take turns sitting on the eggs, so that each adult can feed * When the breeding season arrives, the birds choose partners. Some birds are mated for life, like married couples. These birds include pigeons, geese, and cranes. Other birds look for new partners each year and sometimes a male bird or 'cock' will have several wives - Bird colours * Birds come in a huge range of colours. These colours can be useful to a bird in two ways. The colours can either help to hide the bird, or they can help to attract attention to the bird when it is looking for a mate + Bird, Bird colours, Bird camouflage * Many birds are brown, green or grey. Brown is the most common colour. Brown birds include sparrows, emus, thrushes, larks, eagles, falcons and the female birds of many species such as wrens, ducks, blackbirds and peacocks. When a brown bird is in long grass or among tree trunks or rocks, it is 'camouflaged'. Birds that live in long grass often have brown feathers streaked with black which looks like shadows. A Bittern is almost invisible in long reeds - Noticeable colours * Many birds are not camouflaged but stand out with vivid colours. They are usually male birds whose females are dull and camouflaged. They function of the colours is two-fold. Adaptive colouration in animals'. First, the colours help them get mates, and second, the colours identify them to other males of the same species. Many birds are territorial, especially in the nesting season. They give out territory sounds and are easily seen. This lets other males know they will defend their territory - Birds and people * Some birds are eaten as food. Most usually it is the chicken and its eggs, but people often also eat geese, pheasants, turkeys and ducks. Other birds are sometimes eaten are emus, ostriches, pigeons, grouse, quails, doves, woodcocks, and even songbirds. Some species have died out because they have been hunted for food, for example the Dodo, and the Passenger Pigeon * Most birds can fly. They do this by pushing through the air with their wings. Flapping keeps the air current moving to create lift and also moves the bird forward. * Some birds can 'glide' on air currents without flapping. Many birds use this method when they are about to land. Some birds can also 'hover' and remain in one place. This method is used by birds of prey such as falcons that are looking for something to eat. Seagulls are also good at 'hovering', particularly if there is a strong breeze. The most expert 'hovering' birds are tiny hummingbirds which can beat their wings both backwards and forwards and can stay quite still in the air while they dip their long beaks into flowers to feed on the sweet nectar + Coelurosauria, Fossil history * There is consensus among paleontologists that birds are the descendants of coelurosaurs. Birds are classified by most paleontologists as belonging to the subgroup Maniraptora. Padian K. 2004. + Cornus canadensis: Asterids :: Plant physiology * The fruits are edible with a mild flavour somewhat like apples. The large seeds within are somewhat hard and crunchy. Birds are the main dispersal agents of the seeds, consuming the fruit during their fall migration. In Alaska, bunchberry is an important forage plant for mule deer, black-tailed deer and moose, which consume it throughout the growing season. Hanley, Thomas A. 'et al' 1987. Forest stand-age related differences in apparent nutritional quality of forage for deer in southeastern Alaska. Proceedings of the symposium on plant-herbivore interactions'. * Birds are found on every continent of the world. Birds of different types can live in freezing cold environments, and others can live in hot deserts. Birds live in forests, in grasslands, on cliff faces, in river banks, on stony sea shores, down mine shafts and in the roofs of houses. * Different types of birds eat different foods. Most birds are carnivorous meaning that they eat flesh, at least some of the time. Many birds live on insects or on fish. Some eat small reptiles and mice. Birds of prey eat mammals and other birds. Some birds are scavengers and eat the bodies of creatures that have died. Many birds such as parrots and finches live on seeds and fruit. * Different types of birds eat different foods. Most birds are carnivorous meaning that they eat flesh, at least some of the time. Many birds live on insects or on fish. Some eat small reptiles and mice. Birds of prey eat mammals and other birds. Some birds are scavengers and eat the bodies of creatures that have died. Many birds such as parrots and finches live on seeds and fruit. Some birds that eat mainly seeds feed their young on insects. * Different types of birds eat different foods. Most birds are carnivorous meaning that they eat flesh, at least some of the time. Many birds live on insects or on fish. Some eat small reptiles and mice. Birds of prey eat mammals and other birds. Some birds are scavengers and eat the bodies of creatures that have died. Many birds such as parrots and finches live on seeds and fruit. Some birds that eat mainly seeds feed their young on insects. A few types of birds eat green plants, but only one species lives on leaves. Hummingbirds and Honeyeaters live on the nectar or honey in flowers. + Crane fly, How crane flies live: Flies + Feather, Moulting: Animal anatomy * Birds lose their feathers at certain times. This is called 'moulting'. By moulting, a bird can replace old feathers with new ones. Many birds moult once every year. + Kakadu National Park, Fauna: Protected areas of the Northern Territory :: Ramsar sites :: Australian National Heritage List :: World Heritage Sites in Australia :: National parks in Australia + Migration: Ecology :: Zoology :: Ethology * For example, caribou in the Arctic go south in winter and return in summer when it is warmer. Many birds migrate, such as geese and storks. + Origin of birds, Chinese bird fossils, Cretaceous fossils: Theropods :: Birds :: Evolutionary biology :: Fossils * The only ones that survived were the birds. The birds, therefore, are not just the descendents of reptiles, but the descendents of theropod dinosaurs. Birds are the last surviving dinosaurs. + Skin: Integumentary system * Skin' is the outside covering of animals. The skin of different kinds of animals is very different. Many kinds of animals have hair or fur on their skin. Birds have feathers on their skin. Most fish, and reptiles like snakes and lizards, have scales on their skin. + Thrust, Examples: Physics :: Force	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Adult bird * are black in color - dark brown with pale golden feathers on the nape of the neck * are white in color, the beak, shanks and skin are yellowish white - with dark brown or black flight and tail feathers * build nests in low-hanging branches over water. * feed on insects, weed seeds, and grasshoppers during the spring and summer months. * have gravel in their crop that allows bread to be broken down for digestion - white body and tail plumage * moult at least once a year, although many moult twice and a few three times each year.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Affected bird * Most affected birds die in the first few days of life. * are lame, sit on their hocks, and are reluctant to move. * become lethargic, often exhibiting lameness and a staggering gait. * develop droppings which often have a yellow color. * feed and move around normally. * have a tendency to sit and when forced to move, have an unsteady gait - very uncoordinated flight and appear intoxicated - difficulty flying, walking and swimming * lose muscle tone and die. * remain quiet because breathing is difficult. * show severe weight loss, depression and intolerance to exercise. * stop eating, lose weight, become weak and cry continuously as if in distress. * tend to gape and salivate heavily, but without apparent respiratory distress. American bird * Most american birds feed on fly insects - have tails * Some american birds eat caterpillars - hairy caterpillars - use cavities Aquatic bird * Most aquatic birds have chambers. * Some aquatic birds eat fish - have numbers * have a third chamber, filled with feathers, that filters out fish bones Australian bird * Some australian birds occur in density - low density * tend to live much longer than comparable northern hemisphere birds. Babbler * Most babblers gather in large flocks except when nesting - nest in low bushes or small trees * are insectivorous and, as their name suggests, are noisy birds. * eat chiefly insects and other small animals without backbones. * get their name from the loud, repeated calls they make. Barbet * Most barbets feed primarily on fruits, berries, and buds, though most species also eat some insects. * are birds - smaller than toucans but are colorful, frugivorous birds with prominent, wide bills - very noisy, some kinds repeating their duets for hours * can be small to medium sized and are similar to woodpeckers. * live in the tropical forests of both eastern and western hemispheres. Bellbird * habitat our native forests, orchards and gardens. * have a surprisingly loud voice in relation to size. * sit high, high in the canopy and are heard far more than seen. Big bird * Most big birds get sharp teeth * play critical roles	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Bird life * abounds despite diminishing habitat space - due to riparian habitat - in the migratory seasons - with eagles, hawks, storks, herons, and migratory birds flying alongside the raft * includes large numbers of grasshopper and lark sparrows. * is abundant across the island, including many shorebird, waterfowl, and songbird species. * is abundant and includes many songbirds, waterfowl, and predator species - varied - in and along the river - with over one hundred and twenty native or visiting species * is abundant, and there are numerous species of rare succulents in the surrounding desert - vultures, osprey, hawks, and owls are year-round residents - including the rare golden-cheeked warbler * is also abundant and varied, the most conspicuous being the sunbirds - very varied including many waders and wildfowl * is diverse with robins, warblers, pine siskins, hawks and owls being commonly seen - species from heath, shore and sea given the coastal location - equally rich with numerous species of bustards, plovers, coursers and birds of prey - extraordinary with unusual species of hummingbirds, trogons, and turkey, among others - more prolific and acacia trees make their first appearance - most abundant in the flood plain - rich and varies according to the presence of migratory species - varied, with forest birds such as tui and bellbirds * provides interest throughout the year, with many waterfowl overwintering. * ranges from common vultures to more rare species such as anhingas and flamingos. * varies markedly across the state, responding to the conditions typical of the region.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Bird of prey * All birds of prey are domestic bred within Scotland - meat eaters and they have sharp downward pointing beaks - scavengers - kill food with their feet * Birds of prey are abundant, from the martial eagle to the tiny, shrike like pygmy falcon. * Birds of prey are also available for social functions - popular, with feathers, eggs, and live birds bringing top prices - animals that have adapted to hunting other animals - another good indicator of environmental health - identified by their powerful beaks and claws - in great danger - magnificent animals that can be readily seen in both urban and rural areas - necessary to keep the earth in balance - particularly numerous on moonlit nights - plentiful, thriving on the multitudes of migratory birds - predaceous, and usually hunt by day - predators which help control the animal population - pure carnivores - rather basic in their thoughts - simply birds that eat other animals - the primary predators of rabbits in scrublands and the edge of farmland - their primary predators in scrublands - usually present, to one extent or another, before and after urbanization occurs * Birds of prey can be and have been used for scaring pigeons in some urban areas - catch the adult bluebird or a newly fledged bluebird - eat animals whole - found in Egypt include eagles, falcons, vultures, owls, kites, and hawks * Birds of prey have a fascination for most people - hooked-tip beak for ripping flesh - extremely sharp sight, up to eight times sharper than our eyesight - feet that are very important for everything they do - four toes on each foot - good eyesight - huge eyes - very strong instincts and are very good hunters - wider heads with the eyes set apart and facing forward, similar to humans - inhabit both forests and open lands * Birds of prey is birds - predatory animals - know they're cool - means meat eating birds - tend to kill relatively few farm animals * Many birds of prey die annually due to secondary poisoning. * Most birds of prey have three toes in front on their feet , and one toe in the back.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Blackbird * All blackbirds also have fairly long legs and strong feet. * Most blackbirds eat seeds - feed on fruit * Most blackbirds have diets - growth - regions - white wings * Some blackbirds are drab, while others are brightly colored - feed on larvae * Some blackbirds have migratory tendencies - noticeable streaks - strong tendencies * Some blackbirds prefer areas - swampy areas * are birds - common avian pests that cause major economic damage and occasionally spread disease - easy to find in gardens all over Europe and in Asia , South of the Arctic Circle - given federal protection in the United States - prey for domestic cats, foxes and predatory birds - thrushs * break up the quiet by cawing while soaring overhead. * can be a bit of a nuisance as they pull the mulch about - count up to five * eat mainly insects in summer and seeds in winter - nearby sunflower in the fall - plants and animals, including fruit, seeds, insects and small molluscs * forage for insects. - many noticeable adaptations * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * is an oriole * live in gardens, thickets, hedges and broad-leaved and coniferous forests. * nest either in wetlands or in grasslands. * often forage in the open, but as they are timid, cover is usually close by. * prefer fairly dense cattail stands, which many birds find unusable. * pull sprouting corn and other seeds. * run on the ground and hop quickly, with brief pauses. * sing sharply in the wet trees. * sometimes cause serious depredation to sunflowers and certain other crops. * use cattail for perches. + Blackbird, Appearance: Thrushes * Juveniles and females are brown, and less easy to see. Blackbirds are easy to find in gardens all over Europe and in Asia, South of the Arctic Circle. On average, Blackbirds live to be 2.4 years old, but some have been found to be 20 years old.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| blackbird: Cowbird * Meet the bird that needs no human introductions. * also cause problems - eat insects, particularly grasshoppers, beetles and caterpillars - have heavily parasitized nests of the red-eyed vireo and parula warbler - feeder visitors, but more so in snowstorms - natives of the North American plains - only one source of nesting mortality - six to eight inches long, with short, conical bills and short tails * are smaller and have a shorter bill than other blackbirds - with more conical bills - the only obligate brood parasites in North America * are, to a certain extent, dependent upon food provided by humans and livestock operations. * chicks hatch a day before any warbler eggs, and are much larger than warbler chicks. * don t build nests. * eat insects associated with cattle. * enjoy sitting on bison heads. * feed in open areas on the grain and waste of farms - primarily on weed seeds and insects, often in association with grazing livestock * fly directly, with constant wingbeats. * follow cattle and lay their eggs in the nest of nearby songbirds - the bison, catching the grasshoppers that jump from the bisons' hooves * have two types of songs, perched songs and whistles. * migrate in large flocks in spring and fall. * occasionally parasitize nests in nestboxes. * prefer to hang out in open fields and parasitize many nests along forest edges. * quickly move into any area where people cut trees or plant crops. * show higher parasitism of nests in small woodlots compared to larger ones. * tend to parasitize birds smaller in size than themselves.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Bluebird * Most bluebirds defend territory - drink water * Most bluebirds eat bugs - dead bugs - grubs * Most bluebirds have babies - homes - love fruit - make songs * Most bluebirds prefer habitats - nest sites - produce sound - survive years * Some bluebirds die of wounds. * Some bluebirds eat earthworms - mealworms - feed on berries - have predators - migrate south - prefer orchards - provide food * also are attracted to dripping water - eat many caterpillars - exist in old orchards and cutover woodlands - like to perch and eat berries from fruiting trees - nest in abandoned woodpecker nest holes - participate in courtship feeding during breeding season - utter a variety of short call notes * are attracted to shallow water for bathing if perches are located nearby - both migrants and summer residents in New England * are cavity nesters, nesting in hollows in trees - common - excellent parents - fond of peanut hearts and meal worms - ground feeders - they like short grass and open areas - less likely to nest in a box that has an old nest in it - located in windowsills - members of the thrush family, kin to robins and native only to North America - more likely to use water that has perches nearby - often the target of predators such as raccoons, squirrels, cats, snakes, and hawks - one of Pennsylvania's most beloved songbirds - only one of many species pairing off - primarily insect eaters - quite tolerant of human presence but be prepared for some dive-bombing - really grassland birds * are secondary cavity nesters that use the cavity of abandoned woodpecker nests - nesters, which means they use preexisting cavities for nesting sites - sleeping - smaller and colored with blue where a robin is gray - territorial and don t want other birds any closer - typically insect and fruit eaters - usually there summer and winter - very tolerable of humans - year-round residents of Missouri * belong to the thrush family, whose members are found throughout much of the world. * breed more than once a year. * bring bright berries. * build a neat, cup-like nest of grasses or pine needles - new nest for each brood * can also learn to eat suet during colder months. * catch fly insects * do relish live waxworms, but they are considerably more expensive than mealworms - use nest boxes placed where large open areas meet woodlands - insects and fruit - large quantities of insects - lots of grasshoppers, crickets, caterpillars, beetles, and worms - many species of beetles, grasshoppers and crickets - small fruits and hunt insects, spiders, and other creatures from above * feed on ground-dwelling insects while swallows feed on insects in the air - primarily on insects * feed primarily on the ground like the robin, to whom they are related - ground-like the robin, to whom they are related - their young in a meadow * gather insects from leaves, branches, and the ground. * generally live in three overlapping regions of North America - mate the year after they hatch - prefer rural areas - return to the same area each year * have a cheerful call and a sweet, warbling song - squat appearance when perched - territory range that is anywhere between two to twenty-five acres - problems with other animals too - cell membranes - heads - nuclei - second joints - skulls - sterna - vacuoles * leave very clean nests for the most part. * like to have perches nearby to preen afterward - nest near open fields on forest edges * live in rural and urban areas. * look for arrowwood viburnum with ripe berries. * mate for life. * nest in boxes in the openings - up in the mowed park area, and sparrows are abundant year round * nest in natural cavities and nest boxes - tree cavities and old woodpecker holes - the snags in the swamp areas - tree cavities and fly among field grasses looking for insects - primarily in suburban and rural areas * obtain their food in the air, in the trees, and on the ground. * often have two broods in a season. - more open spaces than places with a lot of trees - open grassy areas with enough trees or wires to provide perches - soft grasses, fragrant pine needles, or even strips of bark as nesting material * prefer to nest in open areas such as grassy fields - open, sunny areas where they can swoop in and out to feed their young * produce bluebirds * readily nest in man-made cavities. * require semi-open land with short grasses and gardens that are surrounded by woodlands. * seek protective space to rear their young. * take up residences. * use existing cavities in trees for their nests. * usually have two broods per season, but three broods are possible - nest along woodland edges of open fields or other open areas	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| bluebird: Eastern bluebird * Most eastern bluebirds drink water - eat food - love fruit * Most eastern bluebirds prefer habitats - nest sites * Some eastern bluebirds provide food. * can be very vocal in flocks. * live throughout Maryland. * occupy the United States and southern Canada east of the Continental Divide. Mountain bluebird * are a monogamous breed * eat mainly insects and rely heavily on man-made nesting boxes for nesting space. * rush from tree to tree in small droves. Western bluebird * are found west of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mexico - more restricted in nest box selection than mountain bluebirds - year-round residents that winter in territorial family groups * require open habitat with grass between scattered trees.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Bowerbird * Many bowerbirds are outstanding vocal mimics. * Most bowerbirds feed on berries - fruit berries * Most bowerbirds have bowerbirds - population size - live on fruit - spread wings * Some bowerbirds build simple structures - towers - display crests - feed on nectar * Some bowerbirds have apparent preference * are an interesting group of birds - sexually dimorphic, meaning the male and female differ in external characteristics - so-named because of the intricate bower structures built by the males - the only animals so far that have been shown to use illusions for mating * have a wide range of vocalizations - roles * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * inhabit areas. * lift wings. * only prey on insects. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| bowerbird: Female bowerbird * Some female bowerbirds have apparent preference * are susceptible to forced copulation when on the ground. * pick the male with the bower they like best. Male bowerbird * Most male bowerbirds spread wings. * Some male bowerbirds build structures * build bowers, where they court and mate with females - chambers or runways, called bowers, made of sticks or other material - elaborately decorated structures called bowers to attract mates * collect the fruits to display in their bowers. * have an elaborate mating dance. Regent bowerbird * Most regent bowerbirds have bowerbirds - size * are fruit eaters and live mainly in the upper levels of forest trees - important members of native ecosystems * breed once yearly. - population size * prefer dense trees and gullies. Spotted bowerbird * are locally common, however, overall the population is thought to be in decline. * have a diverse range of vocalisations. Breed bird * forage in agricultural fields * need proteins. * prefer areas.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Brown creeper * are tiny birds that look like a piece of bark from a few feet away. * breed across a huge range extending from Alaska and Newfoundland south to Nicaragua - once per year and raise one brood per breeding season * eat insects that are pests to some humans. * fly only short distances between tree trunks. * live in coniferous forests and forests of mixed coniferous and deciduous trees. * move up along the trunk, sometimes going in circles around it. * search for food on tree trunks and branches. Cactus wren * Some cactus wrens have eye stripes * Some cactus wrens have white eye stripes * are birds * build two nests, one for their young and one for roosting. * can have as many as three broods every season. * live in desert thickets and areas with large cactus like the cholla.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Caged bird * Most caged birds seem prone to feather picking, but the condition can be treated and prevented * are closely related to their wild ancestors - regularly bereft of their fresh plumes - very happy to eat dandelion seeds * can suffer nutritional deficiencies leading to shorter life spans. Canadian bird * Many Canadian birds migrate south for the winter. * migrate to the southern United States. Captive bird * Most captive birds behave differently from wild birds - live for years - suffer from calcium deficiencies * Some captive birds drink artificial seawater * can also develop a vitamin A deficiency - sometimes survive in feral groups if released into the wild * have choices. * hold fruits with feet while breaking into smaller pieces. * reach sexual maturity in their second year. Carnivorous bird * Most carnivorous birds feed diets - meat diets * Some carnivorous birds eat meat. * catch prey. * eat meat, including rodents , mammals, fish, amphibians and reptiles.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Cassowary * Cassowaries Can be a very dangerous bird - adapt to environments * Cassowaries also dislike cats - eat fungi, snails, and even small animals * Cassowaries are a keystone species which means they are vital for seed dispersal in the rainforest - threatened species - among the largest birds in the world * Cassowaries are capable of breeding when they are three years old - swimmers - considered the most dangerous bird in the world - distributed throughout the western and southern areas of New Guinea - endangered and continue to lose habitat and be killed by vehicles and dogs - found in just about every part of northeastern Australia - frugivores that feed on the fruits of several hundred rain forest plants - frugivorous birds - important for seed dispersal through the forest - in danger of becoming extinct because of habitat loss - large flightless birds - native to New Guinea and northeastern Australia - one of four species within a group of large, flightless birds - predominantly frugivorous - primarily nocturnal - rain-forest dwellers, feeding mainly on fruit and berries and nesting on the ground - ratites - similar in appearance to the ostriches and emus * Cassowaries are solitary birds except during mating and the egg-laying period - territorial and contact between adults generally only occurs during mating * Cassowaries are the heaviest bird in Australia - most colourful of the ratites - true rainforest birds - usually solitary, and males are subordinate to females if they meet - very important to the native people of New Guinea both economically and ritually - wary, aggressive birds, active mainly at night - are, however, omnivorous although their preferred food is fruit * Cassowaries can be dangerous when cornered - easily leap high enough to kick an adult person at chest height - come into contact - defend territory * Cassowaries eat a wide variety of fruiting bodies off of the plants themselves - face a range of threats arising from human activities - feed mainly fruit, vegetation, flowers and the occasional small mammal or reptile * Cassowaries feed on fleshy fruit - fruits and small animals * Cassowaries have a fairly primitive digestive system compared to other birds - long history of association with the forest tribes of New Guinea - reputation in folklore for being dangerous to people and domestic animals - beaks - glands - large brown eyes and a long, curved beak - powerful legs and a helmet-like crest on the head - roles - senses - three toes on each foot - three- toed feet with sharp claws - wings - help regenerate the rainforest by dispersing large seeds over considerable distances * Cassowaries includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * Cassowaries live in rainforest regions, and eat mainly fruit, insects and small vertebrate animals - the coastal tropical rainforest of Queensland - look like turkeys - mainly eat fruit and seeds that are on low branches or on the ground - make sound - need areas - normally live, nest and breed in a tropical rainforest - roam in a large rainforest lined creek enclosure - survive years * Cassowaries use feet - their feet as weapons * Most cassowaries adapt to environments * Most cassowaries feed on fleshy fruit * Most cassowaries have beaks * Some cassowaries adapt to life - care for chicks * Some cassowaries eat animals - fruit berries - has-part legs * Some cassowaries have chicks - helmets - similar appearances - stripes - tails - kill boys * Some cassowaries kill old boys - year boys * Some cassowaries lack feathers - tail feathers - leave territory - live for years * Some cassowaries live in areas - different areas - rainforests - tropical rainforests - raise chicks + Cassowary, Description: Birds of Australia :: Ratites :: Endangered species :: Flightless birds :: Struthioniformes * Cassowaries have three toes on each foot. Each has a sharp claw. The middle toe has a claw like a dagger, which is long. Because a cassowary can kick, this claw is very dangerous and can hurt or kill enemies. Scientists believe they can run up to.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| cassowary: Dwarf cassowary * Dwarf cassowaries feed on fleshy fruit * Most dwarf cassowaries feed on fleshy fruit - make sound Male cassowary * Male cassowaries defend territory. * Most male cassowaries defend territory. * Some male cassowaries care for chicks. * Some male cassowaries have appearances - similar appearances - raise chicks Southern cassowary * Some southern cassowaries have claws - sharp claws * Southern cassowaries are among the heaviest birds on earth, second only to the ostrich - covered in black feathers - potentially dangerous to humans - threatened due to loss of rainforest habitat and hunting - inhabit the rainforest Catbird * are a common bird in our region, especially in backyard shrubs and gardens in town - primarily insectivorous, and their presence great benefit to the home gardener - usually around nine inches in length and common in undergrowth, brush, and gardens * flip their tails jauntily as they navigate on the ground or in shrubs. * return to the same neighborhood year after year to raise their families.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Chough * Some choughs have black plumages - flight - long red bills - primary feathers - mate for life * are frugivorous and insectivorous - the goofy clowns of the bird world * chicks at around ten days old. * do see dogs as a threat. * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * largely feed on soil invertebrates. Coastal bird * Some coastal birds prey on ducks. * are generally around the larger estuaries. Common bird * Many common birds are also sharply declining - can have color variations * are the eagle and the falcon. Conspicuous bird * Most conspicuous birds inhabit urban areas. * inhabit areas<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| coot: American coot * Most american coots eat insects. * Most american coots feed on bay grass - vegetation - have whitish bills - live for years * Some american coots eat aquatic plants - other aquatic plants - obtain plant food * are birds that live in the marshes of western North America - mainly gray and have a short, thick beak - often a favored food source for great horned owls living near wetlands * dive for food. - primarily algae and other aquatic plants but also animals when available * form flocks of all sizes from just a few birds to hundreds. * have a whitish bill - ability * nest over the water. Caribbean coot * Most caribbean coots have lobe toes * Some caribbean coots have fleshy protuberances - prominent protuberances Giant coot * Most giant coots have limit ranges * have bills Crake * Some crakes have broad wings - diets - omnivorous diets - lose ability * are found throughout the world. * includes air sacs - breasts - cell membranes - cytoplasm - flight feathers - mouths - rib cages - second joints - sterna * live in estuaries. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| crake: Black crake * Most black crakes live in estuaries. * Some black crakes feed on aquatic vertebrates * Some black crakes have broad wings * inhabit freshwater marshy areas and swamps, needing water and vegetation for cover.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Crow * All crows are birds. * Most crows are found in South America, Central America, Europe and Asia - resident birds * Some crows can be completely white - have a second brood in the same year - stay with their parents for up to five years or longer. * The 'Corvus' makes up a third of the species in the Corvidae. Crows appear to have evolved in Asia from corvid stock which had evolved in Australia. The collective name for a group of crows 'flock' or, more poetically, a 'murder'. * are found on every continent except for the southern area of South America and Antarctica. Most crows are found in South America, Central America, Europe and Asia. There are only 10 species each in Africa, Australia and North America * also appear at various times in the Bible - catch fish, eat from outdoor dog dishes, and take fruit from trees - feed on toads, frogs, snakes and small mammals - have good eyesight - like to congregate near lights because their night vision is poor * appear in large numbers and partake of the food * are a game bird and are taken during the appropriate season - aggressive omnivores and prey on other birds, their eggs and crops - albums * are also effective predators of eggs and small chicks - highly social - very mischievous * are among the most intelligent of birds - smartest birds in the world - animals - bands * are birds has the same meaning as All crows are birds - that are good at counting * are black birds and blackbirds are also, but a crow in the snow is so much the more so - everywhere * are both predators and prey - scavengers, as are most hawks - cooperative breeders - crafty foragers that sometimes follow adult birds to find where their nests are hidden - cries - especially vulnerable to night attacks by great horned owl - exceptionally intelligent birds - extremely intelligent birds and very socially oriented - great mimics and can learn a great variety of sounds including talking * are highly intelligent and are good at adapting to changing conditions - social and intelligent creatures - intelligent birds and are difficult to trick * are located in trees - universes - more likely than birds of other species to die if they are infected with West Nile virus - most vulnerable at night, gathered in a large group, and an owl can do a lot of damage - natural scavengers - omnivores and eat almost anything they can find - particularly susceptible to West Nile Virus and often die * are particularly susceptible to the virus and are considered an important early warning sign - virus, and the vast majority of infected crows die - vulnerable, and the vast majority of infected crows die - primarily scavengers, eating whatever they can find off the ground - protective parents - smaller, have squared-off tails and different calls - smarter than hawks - social birds that congregate in huge flocks - some of the most intelligent birds in the world - soundtracks - the inhabitants of Europe, Africa, South Mediterranean, and Britain * are very capable birds - intelligent, use tools, and are near the top of the animal IQ scale - popular in literature and myth - special birds because they know how to use something like a twig as a tool - successful birds * avidly rub their bodies with squashed ants. * begin to fly sufficiently to be released at eight weeks or so. * can also be a benefit, of course, by eating harmful insects and grub worms - be a form adopted by fairies, usually with ill intent, and are therefore dreaded - imitate other animals, hoot, and eat chipmunks and nuthatches * defend a territory from other crows only during the nesting season. * do help farmers however when they eat insects attracted by their crops - nest in large numbers in various parks in the garden city of Singapore - prey on young birds and eggs during the spring mating season * eat a variety of food - bird eggs of all kinds * find the nest and eggs. * fly with a steady rowing wingbeat. * form strong pair bonds, and both parents help raise their young, called simps. * get the virus when they are bitten by infected mosquitoes. * have a cooperative defense behavior known as mobbing - frequent, steady wing beat with little or no gliding - at least five calls which refer to different kinds of danger - different pitches in their voice - extremely keen senses of sight and hearing - great intelligence and are very adaptable - lots of ways of saying things with different sounds - no teeth - the habit of nesting on top of a platform of sticks * help farmers, however, by eating enormous quantities of insects. * live anywhere and everywhere with the exception of New Zealand, South America and Antarctica - in close knit family groups - upon carcasses and droppings, especially the carrion crow * make their nests in tall trees. * migrate from north to south in winter. * often eat harmful insects, benefitting farmers. * often post a sentinel to watch for danger - sentinels while they feed to alert each other to impending dangers - roost in large numbers - work together as a team * pair off in early spring, building a nest of twigs, sticks and stems. * prefer to nest alone. * roost in large numbers to protect themselves from predators. * show linguistic capabilities and an ability to relay information over great distances. * sometimes amass in huge communal roosts, occasionally numbering in the hundreds of thousands - eat juvenile pigeons - make and use tools * take care of their young until such times when they are capable of surviving alone. + Corvidae, Description * Crows are some of the most intelligent birds in the world. Crows and rooks are good at using tools, for example sticks or twigs. Magpies can see themselves in a mirror and they understand that it is a reflection. Many crows live near to humans in towns and cities. They are more shy than the crows that live in cities. * Some crows in North America, Europe and northern Asia migrate. This means they travel to different places in summer or winter. Most crows are resident birds. This means they live in the same place all year round. * Crows eat a variety of food. Because they may attack the nest of other birds, crows may get mobbed by other species. This is when the defending birds group together to chase off the crow. Also, on farms, crows will eat vegetables and seeds. Farmers do not want this to happen so they make a scarecrow. This is a object made of straw and old clothes. * Crows make their nests in tall trees. They make the nest from large sticks. Both parents will look after the fledglings.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| crow: Fish crow * are similar to the American crow in coloration, body weight and length. * tend to have more slender bills and feet.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Cuckoo * Many cuckoos have specialized names, such as ani , coua , coucal , guira , and roadrunner - live in rainforest canopies throughout the world * Most cuckoos have a long tail and short legs - alarm calls - beaks - bluish plumages - direct flight - rapid direct flight - lose feathers - perch in trees * Some cuckoos are classified as concern - even kill the other eggs in the nest to insure that their egg gets enough food - feed on insects - have fitnesses - look like small birds of prey in flight, although the wings stay below the horizontal - occupy ranges * are a red list species because their population is declining rapidly. * are birds of the medium size - that show up in the spring and are considered very silly or even stupid - brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of other birds - caterpillar specialists - common in Bhutan and the Asian highlands but are difficult to approach - extremely valuable to farmers and horticulturist, they consume many insects * are for people who have worries and can lie awake listening - the most part birds of forest and woodland - generally solitary birds, and are more often heard than seen - insect eaters and are partial to caterpillars and beetles - known as nature's interlopers, infiltrating other birds' nests and hogging their food - often highly secretive and in many cases best known for their wide repertoire of calls * consume large quanties of hairy caterpillars. * eat everything from insects to bird eggs, frogs, and berries - many spiny caterpillars and the spines stick in the lining of the stomach * feed on insects, including hairy caterpillars that are distasteful to most birds. * has long and pointed wings and long and thin beak. * have a lower body mass, lay smaller eggs, and feed on prey of lesser size - opportunity - various strategies for getting their egg into a host nest * house made of bricks. * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * is an open source automated malware analysis system. * live less than six years in the wild. * occur in a wide variety of habitats. + Cuckoo (Mineral, Virginia), Description: National Register of Historic Places :: Buildings and structures in Virginia * Cuckoo is a house made of bricks. It has two floors and a center-hall which is divided into three parts. Single rooms are flanking the stair hall. The house has a porch on its entire front. A semicircular closet with a small window is between the fireplaces of the rooms to the right of the center hall. The fireplaces and chimneys are on both sides of the elevation. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| cuckoo: Common cuckoo * Most common cuckoos have direct flight * Some common cuckoos feed on insects. * are famous for duping other birds into raising their chicks.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| cuckoo: Newborn cuckoo * are naked, blind and ugly, but they are strong. + Bird, Behaviour, Hatching: * The quickest hatching time is for the Cuckoo. Some types of cuckoos take only 10 days. This means that when they hatch in the nest of their 'foster parents', the eggs that the parents have laid are not yet ready. Newborn cuckoos are naked, blind and ugly, but they are strong. They get under any eggs that are in the nest and throw them out before they hatch. That means that the cuckoo has the whole care of both parents. Baby cuckoos grow fast and often get bigger than the parents who feed them.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| cuckoo: Roadrunner * Most roadrunners eat insects. * Most roadrunners have brown feathers - glands - legs - stout legs - tails - live in deserts * Some roadrunners catch hummingbirds - eat snakes * Some roadrunners feed on animals - other animals - spiders - inhabit terrains - live on open farmland and around outskirts of towns - rely on predators * also eat carrion and prey on bird eggs and chicks - occupy the semi-open habitats in the northern California * are capable to eat even the poisonous of the prey such as scorpions and lizards - hunt rattlesnakes and their speed is even more than that of humans - members of the cuckoo family - omnivores , meaning they eat both meat and plants - potential irregular brood parasites - predators, and eat lizards, snakes, mice, and many other small animals - the state bird of New Mexico - weak fliers and nonmigratory * build their nests low in trees or in shrubs. * can also jump straight up to snag insects, bats, and even hummingbirds in flight - survive without drinking water, as long as they eat prey with a high water content * eat fruit, mice, snakes, gophers, lizards, insects and other birds * enjoy perching high in trees to sunbathe. * feed on the insects. * frequently ambush and prey upon small songbirds at bird feeders. * have ability - salt glands above their eyes that remove excess salt from their blood - small and large intestines - to watch out for coyotes, which are their natural predators - yellow eyes * help control local reptile and insect populations. * hide in the bushes to stay cool. * includes air sacs - bird's feet - lips - mouths - sections - skulls - vacuoles - pairs, defending their area all year * nest in bushes, low trees, or cactus. * often live in extreme climates and are uniquely adapted to conserve energy. * spend a lot of time on the ground. * spread wings. * use their beak to smash the life out of their next meal. * watch Eastern bluebirds nest in nearby eastern hardwoods - eastern bluebirds fly to and from their nests in nearly trees + Roadrunner, Diet: Birds * Roadrunners are omnivores, meaning they eat both meat and plants. They eat insects like grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, and caterpillars, small reptiles like lizards and snakes, rodents and other small mammals. They also eat tarantulas and other spiders, scorpions, centipedes, snails, small birds and eggs. The plants they eat are fruits and seeds like prickly pear cactus and sumac. Roadrunners search on the ground to find food. They usually run after their prey but also sometimes may leap to catch insects. * Roadrunners are omnivores, meaning they eat both meat and plants. They eat insects like grasshoppers, crickets, beetles, and caterpillars, small reptiles like lizards and snakes, rodents and other small mammals. They also eat tarantulas and other spiders, scorpions, centipedes, snails, small birds and eggs. The plants they eat are fruits and seeds like prickly pear cactus and sumac. Roadrunners search on the ground to find food. They usually run after their prey but also sometimes may leap to catch insects. Because of its fast speed, the Roadrunner is one of the few animals that preys upon the rattlesnake - Nest and eggs * The nest of Roadrunner is made up of mainly sticks and sometimes leaves, and snake skin. A nest usually contains 2-6 eggs which are white colored. Roadrunners have bi-parental care. Both parents take care of the nest and feed the hatchlings, but males take care of the nest at night and females at day. For the first 1 to 2 weeks after the young hatch, one parent always remains at the nest. After the hatchlings are 2 to 3 weeks old they leave and never return to the nest ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| cuckoo \| roadrunner: Greater roadrunner * have a wide range of vocalizations. * make rudimentary nests out of sticks low in bushes or cacti.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| cuckoo: Young cuckoo * are slate-gray and reddish brown in color. * look like adults, but are more reddish-brown on their wings. Curassow * are mostly terrestrial, taking large strides on long legs. * vary in colour from black to blackish-green. Dead bird * Most dead birds have blood. * are also an important indicator of West Nile virus - corpses - located in streets - rare, more desirable than dogs or cats - the earliest and easiest means of monitoring the emergence of the virus * can be an indication that West Nile virus is present in an area. Desert bird * depend on sources - water sources * have glands - salt glands Different bird * Many different birds live in the trees. * eat different types of bird seed. * have different figure and character - very different beaks * molt different numbers of time within a year, even within a species. * prefer different feeders - food - kinds of birdseed * use different techniques to get the insects. Diseased bird * fail to keep up with the flock, and epidemics thus naturally prevented. * fly or swim erratically or stumble and wobble on the ground. Dive bird * Most dive birds have bones - solid bones * exhibit patterns. * need areas - large areas<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Dodo * Most dodos eat ripe fruit. * Most dodos have brownish plumages - necks * Some dodos adapt to life. * Some dodos have natural predators - skin - tough skin * are generally stubborn and clumsy, and attempt to run away when provoked. * eat fruit * have beaks * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * share features. * vary in many colors. Dodo bird * Most dodo birds come from habitats - shelter habitats * Most dodo birds eat fruit - leaves * Most dodo birds have natural predators Eastern bird * have rufous across the breast. * seek saltmarshes, barrier islands, and barrier beaches for breeding. Elephant bird * Most elephant birds eat baobab fruit * Most elephant birds have beaks - powerful beaks Eurasian bird * Some eurasian birds have territory. * catch insects.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Female bird * Most female birds incubate the eggs while the male defends the territory from other males. * are able to lay eggs - attracted to the beautiful songs and bright feathers of males - female animals - often less colorful * can bias the sex of their chicks. * have a somewhat similar cloaca - similar markings but are generally duller shades * lack the cheeck patches, although there are some mutations with gray cheeks. * use male song to make mate choice decisions in a range of common bird species. Few bird * are strictly palynivorous, or pollen-eating. * compare with bald eagles. * have a complete molt to produce the breeding plumage - the audacity to spend the winter in the planet's northernmost regions * live so long or learn so much throughout their lives. * remain during the harsh winter. * surpass it in power or length of flight. * undertake a flight out over open ocean, and incentives to do so are probably rare.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Finch * Most finches adapt to presence - are evolved from ancestors - care for chicks - carry food * Most finches eat berries - grubs - seeds * Most finches has-part beaks - eyes * Most finches have beaks - bills - diets - heads - strong beaks - hide in forests * Most finches live in areas - different areas - make nests - raise broods * Most finches require food - shake wings - spread wings * Some finches adapt to food sources. * Some finches are inside nests - located in forests - carry viruses * Some finches die of bacterial infection - starvation * Some finches eat nuts - the insectsand , the others eat the woods, seeds and plants - emerge from forests - feed on cacti * Some finches have large, blunt beaks that can crack the hard shells of nuts and seeds - shapes * Some finches have spinal fusion surgery - worms - keep seeds - make migration - migrate when the food is needed - prefer various habitats - thrive in forests * also do well to have some live food occasionally - enjoy and benefit from greens in their diet - require the ability to nest and do best with covered nesting * are abundant in the grassland and savanna areas where seeds are plentiful - animals - busy little birds and seem to enjoy flying from one nest to another - easy to feed - great pets for busy people - happiest when kept in pairs, or at least near other finches - mostly quiet birds, there are some that have a song, and most are very active - small seed-eating birds - small, quiet birds that make neat pets - social birds and prefer to be kept in a colony setting - stout, compact birds that survive on a diet of seeds and insects - vegetarian, and in the wild, their diet consists of grain, vegetation, and seeds * are very sensitive to atmospheric pollutants - social birds and can benefit from having a companion in the cage * breed when the female is over one year old and the male is under five year old. * can adapt to average household temperatures but beware of dramatic changes - also eat basic household foods such as vegetables and breadcrumbs - be the most reliable of all feeder birds * come in a wide variety of colors, patterns, and personalities - looking for seeds in autumn * communicate in color. * do startle easily, especially in a new home, and can go into panic attacks and die. * eat a lot more than seeds - the berries * eating flower nectar compete with carpenter bees. * enjoy baths. * go to gardens. - bellies * have a strong desire to mate and raise young - conical bills well-suited for eating seeds - different seed preferences because it is adaptive - financial resources - plenty - short, conical bills that are very strong - similar problems with seeds and plastic * have strong beaks and can easily break seeds open * includes air sacs - chest cavities - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sterna - wishbones * invade gardens. * like to eat the seeds from old flower stalks left on the plant. * live across the globe. - locations * love baths - up one monophyletic group, warblers make up a different monophyletic group * mate for life. * nest in trees. * possess feathers. * prefer a blend of thistle, sunflower and canary seed * relate to goldfinches. - fresh water each day * return to gardens. * seem to enjoy having nests to go in and out of. * share environments. * show symptoms. * tend to eat only the top layer of seeds from a bowl, leaving the hulls behind. * to adapt to environments. * travel around in large nomadic flocks. * use their bills as seed crackers. * usually consume seeds, fruits, vegetables, insects, and some eggs - stay in the egg for two weeks * visit feeders	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch: Bullfinch * have glossy black wings and tail feathers. * have glossy black wings and tail feathers. They show a white rump. The legs and feet are fleshy brown. Their short, swollen bill is adapted to eat buds, and is black except in 'P. nipalensis', which has a yellowish bill. The males can be distinguished by their orange or red breast. Some species have a black cap. Bunting * are birds - fabric - finchs - ground feeders * is cloth decorated with the national colors. * prefer the security of nearby shrubbery. * specifically use the pattern of stars around the North Star. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch \| bunting: Indigo bunting * are buntings. * settle on a territory in pairs a few days after arriving at the breeding grounds. * use the stars to find their way while other use the sun to steer. Snowbird * Many snowbirds escape their colder climates to enjoy our mild winters. * are the thousands of people from the North who follow the sunshine south to Florida - welcome in winter * have two countries worth of laws and taxes to deal with.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch: Canary * Canaries Give the names of four varieties of canaries - are also a fairly inexpensive little birds * Canaries are beautiful, bright little birds commonly kept as pets - fragile animals that represent the best of what nature has to offer - descendants of the wild serin finch or canary of the Canary Islands - fairly easy to keep healthy on seeds alone - little yellow birds that sing often and have been kept in cages as pets for centuries - relatively easy to care for, but they are shy and gentle birds - safe with older children - sensitive to fouled air and chemicals - shy, gentle birds and stress can shorten their lifespan - singers * Canaries are small birds, but some varieties are larger than others - yellow birds very similar to parakeets - social birds that live in pairs or groups in the wild * Canaries are very sensitive to carbon monoxide - chemical fumes - eat seeds - feed on seeds - generally show a mild disease with low mortality - get nutrition * Canaries have clean environments - daughters - growth - high body temperatures naturally because of fast metabolism - two distinct feather types * Canaries includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones - like to eat greens and can have some every day - live for years * Canaries love to bathe, particularly in warm weather - take baths - normally sing year-round except during the molting period and a short time thereafter - prefer light-colored baths to dark, opaque shades - range in color from brown to orange to yellow and are the size of a parakeet * Most Canaries are somewhat timid and shy little birds. * Most canaries eat seeds * Most canaries have clean environments ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch \| canary: Male canary * All male canaries sing, but only some are bred for song. * Male canaries are the sex of the species that sings - fight with each other, sometimes with fatal results - tend to live longer than female canaries	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch: Cardinal * Most cardinals are cardinal priests - eat bugs * Most cardinals have beaks - cones - crests - distinctive crests - shape beaks * Some cardinals eat seeds - have distinctive alarm calls * Some cardinals inhabit national parks - live in the same place for their whole life - sit on fences * also eat seeds, wild fruit, leaf buds, berries and flowers - feed on weeds, wild fruit, grain, worms, and beetles - mate for life * are North America's only crested all-red bird. * are a native bird of Canada - tough fish to spawn - active songbirds and sing a variety of different melodies - approximately eight and three fourths inches in length - bishops - catholic priests - cheery birds, both in song and appearance - especially fond of roosting and nesting in honeysuckle thickets - films - grapes - known to eat over a hundred kinds of fruits and seeds in the wild - leaders - less selective during winter in the colder climates - nonmigratory, but some movement does occur in the later summer and fall - numbers * are one of the few songbirds in our area for which females, as well as males, sing - most popular birds for people who put out bird feeders - permanent residents of Alabama - southern birds, but gradually their range has extended northward - territorial and very aggressive - unusual among our smaller birds because in most species just the male sings - very common birds at bird feeders * begin singing early in the month. * commonly sing and preen from a high branch of a shrub. * consume insects. * eat a large number of seeds and insects - varied diet consisting of fruit, insects, seeds and spiders - different kinds of food including insects, seeds, grains and fruits - fruit, wheat and bugs - many kinds of birdseed, particularly black oil sunflower seed - mostly seeds however they do eat insects during breeding season * eat seeds, insects, snails, and maple sap - small insects, and wild fruit * enjoy nesting in parks, gardens, and farms but prefer open woodlands. * establish surround territory * feed on grain - insects, worms, and seeds of weeds and wild fruits - upon seeds mainly but sometimes eat insects * have a red hat, and archbishops and bishops a green hat - different habitat preferences regardless of the type of vegetation - heavy thick bills used to crack seeds - red fethers and yellow beaks - three main functions in the church - faces - rib cages - second joints - sterna * like to eat seeds, fruits, and insects - forage for food at dawn and dusk - nest in thick tangled bushes near the edges of woods - in the Eastern United States from South Dakota, southern Minnesota, and Mexico * love sunflower seeds, especially the black, oil-type seeds. * love to drink and bath in bubbling creeks, springs and steams * make cheerful songs * nest among leafy branches - in dense foliage and look for conspicuous, fairly high perches for singing * never nest in nest boxes. * open mouths. * prefer bushy woodlands, evergreens, streamside thickets, and suburban gardens and parks. * prefer to eat sunflower seed, safflower seed, and cracked corn - nest in shrubbery and low trees that face open ground * remain faithful to their pair for till the end of breeding season. * sing songs. * start their songs as dawn breaks, opening the chorus of bird songs greeting the day. * stay busy making nests, because they typically only use each nest once. * survive on a diet made up mostly of insects. * tend to build their nests without much consideration location wise - mate for life and stay together year-round * work like adjectives when modifying nouns.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch: Chaffinch * Most chaffinchs have sex. * Some chaffinchs feed on seeds. * Some chaffinchs have breasts - pink breasts * also catch insects by hawking, especially around rivers and streams. * are found in a range of habitats including woods, parks, gardens and hedgerows - normally single-brooded, but occasionally raise a second clutch - one of the most common birds in Britain, with almost six million breeding pairs * build neat, bowl-shaped nests in trees and shrubs. * eat a variety of seeds and scraps. * establish breed territory * feed on birdtables and garden feeders all year round - predominantly on seeds in winter * have a loud, clear call with varied notes and regional differences in dialect - accents * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * usually feed on seeds and insects, like caterpillars, during the breeding season - on the ground, but also in trees such as pines and native beeches ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch \| chaffinch: Male chaffinch * Some male chaffinchs have breasts * are similar in size to a house sparrow, with the females being a little smaller. Crossbill * are birds - finches that are specially adapted to opening conifer seeds * are the least common and feed almost exclusively on cones - nomads of the boreal forest Field sparrow * prefer fields. * visit the brush areas of a savanna. Gold finch * eat thistle seeds Most birds eat seeds only part of the year. * use upright twigs as a favorite nesting spot.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch: Goldfinch * Most goldfinches are located in nests - member of families * Most goldfinches eat meals - emerge from nests - enter nests - feed in trees - have feathers - live in trees - make nests - play in trees - possess feathers * Most goldfinches prefer seeds - shed feathers - use feet * Some goldfinches are inside nests. * Some goldfinches feed in thistles - on catkins - have diets - pollinate plants * also demand summer's thistledown for lining their nests. * appear to be dressed in camouflage with yellow mottling on their winter gray. * are a finch of a different color - also common in suburbs, parks, and backyards - beautiful and desirable backyard birds - easy to keep year round, even in our cold climate - especially fond of nesting in the dense foliage - in the finch family - known as finches - most common after the thistles go to seed - the last songbirds to nest each year in North America * are very vocal birds - widely populated and don t live in fear of extinction - well adapted to hanging on seed heads * eat bull and pasture thistle seeds - many kinds of seeds - seeds almost exclusively - predominantly on weed seeds and insects when available - primarily on weed seeds, and sometimes insects when they are available * find food. * have an interesting habit of mating later in the season than most birds - bills - little if any habitat requirement * hear calls. - cells - corpi - rib cages - talons * like food. * live in mixed flocks and bound through the air in deeply undulating flight * love the seeds, and butterflies drink the nectar - to nest and live year-round in large, colorful and often fragrant rose brambles * nest later in the season than most species. - their sunflower seeds hulled * radiate brilliant yellows at the bird feeder. * seem to be amiable and social birds. * turn a shade of brown in the winter. * visit prairie crocuses in summer, and eat the seeds. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch \| goldfinch: European goldfinch * Most european goldfinches eat seeds - have bills * are common pets.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch: House finch * Most house finches have heads. * adapt to presence. - songs<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| finch: Junco * All juncos have a pink bill and white outer tail feathers. * Most juncos eat insects. * Most juncos get adult plumages * Most juncos have light gray heads - round heads * Some juncos eat beetles - buds - insect beetles * Some juncos have brown eyes - residue levels - widespread distribution * arrive in our area at the beginning of winter and migrate north as spring arrives. * defend territory. * drink water. - many different songs * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * leave tracks. * look like birds. Purple finch * Most purple finches breed in Canada and overwinter in the eastern parts of the United States. * do eat some fruit and even insects. * nest in trees. Redpoll * All redpolls are northern breeding woodland species, associated with birch trees. * are at thistle seed feeders in very large groups - finchs * feed on the seed, and warblers on the insects. * seem to prefer birch and aspen seeds. * thrive on birch seeds in winter and spring. Society finch * are natural parents that win the hearts of beginner and expert pet bird owners. * enjoy baths. * require food. Song sparrow * Most song sparrows feed on seeds. * are birds - known to be monogamous with occasional polygyny being observed - mostly ground feeders and therefore spend a great deal of time on the ground - one of the most common sparrows * exhibit heavily streaked plumage. * have a knack for finding last year's milkweed floss - an undulating flight and usually pump thier tail or carry it cocked to one side Tree sparrow * are also subject to bacterial and viral infections. * eat weed seeds, crabgrass, pigweed, sedge etc. and sometimes incects. Zebra finch * Most zebra finches have diets. * mate for life. * share environments.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Flamingo * All flamingos are found in tropical and subtropical areas. * All flamingos have black flight feathers, and wing coverts that are darker pink that the body - the same long legs and curved neck, and they honk like geese * Many Flamingos live in captivity at zoos and wildlife parks around the world. * Most flamingos develop necks. * Most flamingos eat food - shellfish - shrimp - emerge from nests * Most flamingos feed in lagoons - fly over lakes * Most flamingos has-part legs - tongues - have beaks * Most flamingos have black feathers * Most flamingos have bright feathers - red feathers - coloration - deep red or flame-colored feathers with black quills - eyes * Most flamingos have gray eyes * Most flamingos have long legs - ranges * Most flamingos have red coral feathers - shape beaks - size - vertebrae - white feathers - yellow eyes * Most flamingos live in areas - make nests - migrate to water - move legs - prefer different habitats * Most flamingos reach ages - maturity - sexual maturity * Most flamingos stand in water - on legs - walk on legs * Some flamingos are inside lakes - located in lakes - die from injuries - eat algae - follow lakes - form term pair bonds * Some flamingos have distinctive habits - few natural predators - hunters - individuals - leave colonies * Some flamingos live in colonies - countries - single colonies - migrate to regions - tend to be cream and white colored, while some have orange feathers * also eat aquatic small insects - prefer to travel at night to avoid predators - share some common characteristics with penguins * are also vocal birds - beautiful giant birds which are often seen standing on one leg on water lands - capable of drinking water at temperatures that approach the boiling point - filter feeders meaning they use a variety of techniques to filter food from the water - funny looking birds - generally non-migratory birds - gregarious, living and flying in large groups - in fact pink because they eat shrimps, which contain a red pigment - monogamous with their mate and they stay together while laying one egg per year - multicellular.If something is unicellular it is usually very small - often unique as they feed their young crop milk - omnivores - one of the most interesting types of animals in the world * are pink or orange or white depending on what they eat - pink-feathered birds with black tipped wings that stand on one leg - popular symbols in the Caribbean - sensitive to disturbance - shore birds - social birds meaning they stick together in colonies or flocks - some of the most unique birds in the world - strong flyers, flying in long curved lines with the neck and legs extended - the bird with the longest neck and the longest legs compared with body size - timid and often live together in large colonies - tropical birds, although large colonies have been observed high in the Andes * are very social birds and live in colonies that can number in the tens of thousands - tall birds and they have long legs - vulnerable at night and frequently sleep with one eye open - waders, birds that collect their food from shallow water - water birds, so they live in and around lagoons or lakes - white when they hatch, grey as juveniles and pink as adults * belong to the genus phoenicopterus, and there are six different species of flamingos. * build nest mounds made of mud, small stones, straw, and feathers. * close mouths. * comes from the latin word for flame. * die as a result of ingesting the toxins as they feed on the blue green algae. * drink fresh water. * eat algae and crustaceans that contain pigments called carotenoids * excrete salt through salt glands in the nostrils. * feed at day and night. * feed on brine shrimp, using their bills to separate the shrimp from the mud and slit - small crustaceans, algae, and other unicellular organisms - tiny mollusks, crustaceans, and plants * fly from their roosts to their feeding grounds, day after day, year in year out - in long lines with their necks and legs stretched out straight * follow patterns. * frequently stand on one leg. * get the color from the pigments in their food they eat - their pink color from caratenoids in their diet * have a curved bill that is shaped like a banana. * have a shiny, hot pink metallic look - multi-colored metallic look - very long neck and long, pink legs with big, pink, webbed feet - an interesting way of feeding * have good hearing but little or no sense of smell - plumages - slender necks, similar to other wading birds * have longer necks and legs in proportion to body size than any other kind of bird - the proportion to their bodies than any other bird - lungs for breathing, and so they have to hold their breath while feeding under water - unique beaks and mouth - chests - cytoplasm - faces - nuclei - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - talons * live fifteen to twenty years and longer in captivity. * live in a variety of habitat locations - groups called colonies - habitats around the world that have a few key things in common - huge flocks in the wild - lagoons or large, shallow lakes - lagoons, or lakes, where there is lots of mud and water - large groups all year long called colonies - many different types of habitats - the lagoon - warm coastal waters where they can wade - their mounds completely out of mud * need rainfall. * often rest standing on one leg. * pick up materials. * possess feathers. * rest on lagoons * return to colonies. * roost upon one of their legs while the other half of their body is in the sleep stage. * share features. * sleep on one foot - leg, with their heads twisted around * stand in every bit of shallow water, along the shore and on reefs and shoals in the lake * stand on legs - one leg in both cool and warm environments * stand on one leg to rest the other leg * stretch wings. * take rest by sitting down adjusting their legs or by standingon one leg. * teaches how to maintain balance and movement through the emotions. * tend to stand often on one leg. * turn pink from eating shrimp because of the beta-carotene content in the shrimp. * use their bills for filtering water - feet to stir up food in the mud - large beaks to filter small food items from the water - large, oddly shaped beaks to filter shrimp out of the water - their toes * weigh pounds. + Bird nest, Types of nests, Ground and mound nests: Birds * The Trumpeter Swan makes a big mound nest, and flamingos make mounds, too. Flamingos make their mounds completely out of mud. + Flamingo, Color, shape and food * Flamingos are pink or red. This is because of small bacteria that live in water which the flamingos eat. They also eat small crayfish and algae. Baby flamingos are gray. Flamingos are very tall birds and they have long legs. They often stand on only one leg. * Flamingos are pink or red. This is because of small bacteria that live in water which the flamingos eat. They also eat small crayfish and algae. Baby flamingos are gray. Flamingos are very tall birds and they have long legs. They often stand on only one leg. Scientists do not know why flamingos do this. Flamingos have a curved bill that is shaped like a banana. This is because they feed in the mud on the bottom of lakes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| flamingo: Adult flamingo * are pink because of their diet, but their offspring are born white. * have few natural predators. American flamingo * Includes photo and distribution in Suriname. * Most american flamingos have beaks - legs - shape beaks * Most american flamingos reach maturity - sexual maturity * are waders and good swimmers. * perform structured preening when courtship begins. * reach sexual maturity several years after birth<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| flamingo: Chilean flamingo * Most chilean flamingos live in areas - environments * Some chilean flamingos have few natural predators * are able to survive cooler weather than the American flamingo, say bird experts - one of six species of flamingos - subjected to frequent rain, sleet, and snowstorms * can breed one to two times per year, depending on food availability. * inhabit muddy, shallow alkaline and brackish lakes. - one of the harshest areas on earth - near alkaline waters, where few large organisms are found * stand on legs. Young flamingo * are white and only acquire the pink color after they begin to feed on the shrimp. * leave the nest after five days and form groups. Flightless bird * Many flightless birds have only three toes, the African ostrich but two. * Most flightless birds adapt to life. * Most flightless birds have flat sterna - heads - muscles - live in regions * Most flightless birds make foot strides - provide examples * Most flightless birds use legs - powerful legs - wings * Some flightless birds have courtship dances Fly bird * belong to families. * have chest muscles. * have large breast muscles<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Flycatcher * Many flycatchers use sound to recognize a member of their own species. * Most flycatchers build open-cup nests in the branches of trees or shrubs - feed on insects - occupy ranges - sit in treetops * Some flycatchers have large ranges - nest in habitats * are birds - quite variable is size and color - somewhat similar but have darker, browner crowns and unforked tails * catch and eat flies and many other insects, particularly flying ants, bees and wasps. * eat mainly insects and spiders, sometimes berries. * have fluffy heads, good eyesight, and funny bristles around their nostrils. * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * prey on insects as do swallows and many others. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| flycatcher: Acadian flycatcher * are plentiful in most places they live - songbirds * build nests that are like hammocks or cups. * form bonds between males and females that can last more than one year. * have very specific requirements for their habitat. * is distinguishable by sight and sound. * live just below the tops of the trees, in an area called the understory. Spotted flycatcher * are long-distance migrants. * prefer an even shallower, open-fronted box. Willow flycatcher * Most willow flycatchers feed on insects. * are found in moist areas where there are many flying insects - preyed on by several mammal, bird and reptile species - solitary birds that usually form monogamous bonds during the breeding season * have a lifespan of three to four years. Flying bird * Most flying birds have hollow bones - short, sharp beaks for picking up seeds and carrying nesting material - thinner layers of short feathers * are located in skies. Forest bird * Many forest birds use open water. * Most forest birds are shy and elusive and are more often heard than seen.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Fowl * Most fowl feeds on worms. * Most fowl has feather heads - long tails - shiny feathers - has-parts wings * Most fowl produces hybrid offspring * Some fowl eats birds - leaves - snails - gives birth to chickens - has predators * Some fowl lives in parks - ponds * adapts to climates. * are highly adaptable and become conditioned to many environmental and management situations - homeothermic animals - the favorite article of diet, and beef is also eaten - very adept at moving food particles with their beak * can always pick up a few grains that lie about, and almost keep themselves. - similar taste - bird's feet - cells - lips - rib cages - sections - sterna - wishbones * is animals. * recognise each other by appearance based on the shape of the comb, wattles and head generally. * roosts in trees. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl \| chicken: Cornish chicken * are a large English breed with white, black or red feathers - poor egg-layers and are bred for meat * star item when in season. Domestic chicken * Most domestic chickens have habitats - natural habitats * Some domestic chickens have body shapes Fryer * are chickens. * have two thermostats. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl \| chicken \| hen: Battery hen * can suffer during removal from their cages, handling, transport and slaughter. * depend on forced ventilation. Bearded hen * do occur naturally in certain areas of the state. * produce young and help increase the turkey population. Layer hen * are slaughtered when they are one to two years old. * grow more slowly with the emphasis on egg production. Older hen * have less ability to effectively store sperm. * tend to lay larger eggs than younger hens Pullet * are females, or hens - young female poultry * have a yellow spot on the top of the head, and dark gray or black toes. * seem to have more pepper in their wings than cockerels. Infected chicken * are carriers for life. * excrete watery droppings, resulting in wet litter. Lay chicken * live for months. * need diets - special diets Raw chicken * can contain salmonella. * is thought to be a major source of foodborne illness.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl \| chicken: Rooster * All Roosters are extremely conscious about clothing and appearance. * Most roosters eat seeds - have roles - live for years - produce semen * Most roosters reach maturity - sexual maturity - use wings * Some roosters have breathe problems - cheek patches - penises - lose weight - raise kids - show excretion - sit on fences * also protect the flock - represent bravery - tend to be selfish and eccentric * are a common bird seen on barns as well as weathervanes. * are capable of crows - pets - common in some cemeteries, representing resurrection - curious about their diet and love to experiment with different foods - determined and they always reach for the sky - famous for pushing each other around - hard to beat - inclined to roost in small groups or alone, apart from hens - keenly observant - known to be thoughtful and vigilant - legislation - male animals * are more aggressive than hens and less expensive - for show and fertilization use only - necessary only for fertilization of eggs - omnivores - part of chickens - rather compulsive about keeping things organized - territorial and aggressive when protecting their hens - the male chickens - tough old birds with low body fat and lean, ropey muscles * become aggressive when they perceive a threat to their dominance. * cause damage. * claim individual breeding territories each spring. * contains metal. * crow all night long in some villages. * crow at daybreak in urban slums adjacent to expensive beachfront condos - the crack of dawn and all through the day - even though it is ten-thirty in the morning - less as their hormones decline , and their wattles, comb and legs fade with age - the dawn is imminent, owls that the night is still young * crows at dawn. * display a number of courting rituals to attract mates. * has tan stripes and one eye. * have a temperament that is very different from hens - basically the same life expectancy as their female counterparts - combs - keen sense of observation and likes to be noticed and flattered - large combs - nothing to do with egg-laying - several other calls as well, and can cluck, similar to the hen - their individual food preferences just like people - whatever kind of male bird genitalia birds have * includes air sacs - brains - breasts - cell membranes - chest cavities - chests - chicken wings - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles * is Awlgripped in a dark claret red. * know how to charm and create the right mood for love. * love fresh corn, cooked rice, cheese and noodles - to argue and debate * make a very loud crowing sound and can be quite aggressive. * resemble a Barred rock. * scratch around. * strut in purple. * tend to be perfectionists and expect to be in control, especially over their appearance - do a little vaudeville esque dance when they become attracted to a female chicken - want to mate with hens as often as they can * tends to produce mules generally of a sorrel or red roan color. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl \| chicken \| rooster: Cockerel * Some cockerels stretch leave legs. * are cocks - males, or roosters - the guys also known as cocks and roosters * have yellow toes and shanks, and their heads are a blend of yellow and black. - bird's feet - cells - cytoplasm - ears - faces - mouths - quill feathers - rib cages - vacuoles - wishbones Red rooster * have black-white mixture. * rooster, which male chicken. Young rooster * Most young roosters reach maturity * begin to show colored feathers on their breasts and necks at eight weeks.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl \| chicken: Wild chicken * are omnivores, gobbling insects, seeds, lizards and young mice. * form structural communities with different hierarchical levels. Domestic fowl * Most domestic fowl has feathers - shiny feathers * Some domestic fowl eats leaves. Guinea fowl * are capable of flight, but they forage and nest on the ground - of African origin - shy, excitable birds, and poor flyers - very unique because of their appearance * can mate with other species of fowl and produce hybrid offspring - walk, run, and fly * make up a group of plump wild and domesticated birds.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl: Turkey * Muslim democratic country. * also contains the Sea of Marmara in the northwest. * also has close connections with Albania - two inland drainage basins * bans Kurdish culture, language and place names. * belongs to the Northern Mediterranean region. * big exporter of laurel leaves. * bridge between cultures, continents, centuries and peoples. * can find prosperity and status as the go-between in trade and international relations. * close and valued ally of the United States. * comes with a wire clip that holds legs together. * constitutes the world's fastest-growing national market for gas. * constitutional state governed by the rule of law. * contains less cholesterol - fat - the amino acid tryptophan in spades * country of origin of heroin seized in Egypt, France, Greece and the United States. * country that has the potential of important transformation dynamics - undergone major transitions - is passionate about politics, and it holds reasonably free elections - two days ago promised human rights for all - where extraordinary style of governance is often applied * crossroads of civilization, where East and West have met for centuries. * democratic country, committed to seeking a peaceful solution to the Kurdish issue. * eat berries, small fruit, nuts, seeds and insects - vegetation in spring and summer as do rabbits * free market economy oriented to Western markets. * has a footballing tradition that has been good and bad - high population growth rate - variety of animal life * has a very high rate of accident fatalities and injuries to pedestrians - an army of approximately one-half million - ethnic and religious ties to Azerbaijan - high levels of the amino acid tryptophan - less total fat than other meats, including chicken * has many of the characteristics of a market economy - same virtues as chicken - more protein per portion than chicken, beef or pork * has no territories or colonies - tropical forest, but nineteen Grade A wetlands according to international definition * has one of the worst records in the world for the use of torture - of human rights violations in the world * has seven geographic regions - river basins * has the largest manufacturing base between Italy and India - number of gum manufacturers - soda factory in the Middle East - lowest fat content of any other meat, including chicken * have a pattern in the spring much like deer. * holiday tradition for many families. * is actually lower in fat and calories than chicken. * is also a republic, but it has often been run by army generals - an important trading partner with the United States - notorious for the institutionalized use of torture on prisoners of all kinds * is also rich in Christian history - wild animals and game birds - the only democratic, secular and modern country among all other Muslim countries - very high in fat * is among a few, select countries that produce a surplus of crops - the leading countries in textiles and ready to wear clothing production * is an Islamic country which has had a secular government for most of the twentieth century - ally of Israel - ancient country with many customs and traditions - element of stability in an otherwise turbulent part of the world - exceptional country where prices are too high and people live in high inflation - increasingly important partner in trade, investment, and energy - at the crossroads of a number of civilizations - civilization's crossroads of culture * is done when drumsticks are easy to move up and down - move easily or twist out of joint - famous for rugs, copperware, and ceramics - full of high-quality protein, iron and zinc - high in cholesterol, too * is home to Macedonia and Sweden hosts Moldova - the richest diversity of ancient cultures yet discovered on the planet - known as the place where Eastern and Western culture meet - largely dependent on imports for oil - listed by mission experts as the largest unevangelised nation in the world * is located at a point where three continents, Asia, Africa and Europe come together - between Europe and Asia - in Southwestern Asia * is low in cholesterol and fat, as are chicken and fish - fat and high in protein - naturally low in fat and calories * is officially a secular state with a limited amount of religious freedom - only a limited amount of religious freedom * is one of the countries in the world that can make enough food to feed itself - with the most rapid process of urbanization in the world - few countries in the world having a favourable climate for hazelnut production - largest countries in the Mediterranean in terms of size and population - most versatile of meats when it comes to wine * is one of the world's leading producers of hazelnuts, raisins, dried fig and apricot - major producers of chrome, and tourism major industry - regarded as a country friendly to Japan - represented in the Middle East - rich in wild animals, insects and game birds - roughly the size of the State of Texas - said to have one of the largest armed forces in the world - so versatile that it can be used in soups, sandwiches, casseroles, and salads - still the largest non-EU steel producer in Europe * is the European powerhouse in terms of textiles and garment manufacturing - biggest exporter of oregano herb and oil to the world markets - center of world history * is the country which is the most sensitive to the developments in northern Iraq - with the second most journalists in jail, after China - most developed african country - one of the most important food exporters in the world * is the only country in the alliance in which the majority of the population is Muslim - world has preserved all the different techniques - that recognizes the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - which recognizes the territory as an independent republic - political organizing principle of the greater Middle East - site of some of the best-preserved relics of the ancient world - sixth largest weapons buyer in the world - traditional center of holiday meals - world's only Muslim country with a secular democracy - within the top five countries with the highest demand for gold in the world * land bridge of communication between Europe in the West and Asia in the East. * land of many cultures, at the cross-road between Europe and Asia - sun, sea, and history * large country of sixty-five million people. * lies to the west of Iran. * life size replica of a strutting tom. * maintains import restrictions on meat and livestock products to protect domestic producers. * melting pot, like the States. * nutritious, low-fat food. * offers more nutritional benefits than other meats. * often is taken as a country of origin for vast numbers of migrants into Europe. * parliamentary democracy - representative democracy * popular holiday dish. * power in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea basins and the Balkans. * predominantly Muslim country, where premarital sex is still scorned at. * primary source and conduit of heroin into Europe. * produces only a small amount of gas, and thus natural gas imports have increased rapidly. * provides a significant amount of protein as well as other nutrients - variety of nutrients - many essential nutrients to the body * ranks third among European countries in terms of number of standards. * rapidly growing emerging market at the junction of Europe and Asia. * remains the largest unreached nation in the world. * secular, parliamentary democracy. * society that have never known democracy - which has never known democracy * transit country where people from many countries try to migrate to Europe illegally. * unitary state that brooks no claims for minority status by any group * world state. + Turkey national football team: National football teams :: Turkish football clubs * Turkey has a footballing tradition that has been good and bad. Turkey failed to make an appearance for the 1950 World Cup because they withdrew. * Turkey is a republic. There are 81 provinces in Turkey. The money of Turkey is called Turkish Lira. * Modern Turkey has a strong economy. Its warm climate lets many kinds of food crops grow, and livestock and forestry are important industries. Turkey is one of the countries in the world that can make enough food to feed itself. There is a strong manufacturing sector making airplanes, electronics, cars, clothing and textiles for home and for other countries. + Turkey, History: European Union candidate states * In World War 1 the Ottoman Empire was one of the Central Powers. Turkey denies that the event was genocide. The Central Powers lost the war and the Ottoman Empire was destroyed, but after that Ataturk led the army to get rid of foreign enemies, like the Greeks, and became the leader of Turkey.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl \| turkey: Female turkey * communicate through clucks and small, chirp-like noises. * have buff-tipped breast feathers and no leg spurs. * make a clicking noise. Frozen turkey * are also more prone to drying out and are difficult to thaw - located in grocery stores * have the longest shelf life. Lean turkey * great source of high-quality protein. * top tryptophan source. Male turkey * are also more colorful than the females, like most birds - now too large and broad breasted to mate naturally - the only turkeys that gobble * have a long, dark, fan-shaped tail and glossy bronze wings. * play no role in nesting or rearing of the young. * take turns with their mates in nesting and raising their young.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| fowl \| turkey: Wild turkey * All wild turkeys are born with small buttons on their lower legs. * Most wild turkeys adapt to environments. * Most wild turkeys eat insects - rhizomes * Most wild turkeys have better eyesights - vision - live in areas * Some wild turkeys have enemies - natural enemies - select nest sites * appear to be surviving the winter well. * are as wary and high-strung as whitetail deer - big birds requiring a feeder that holds plenty of feed - capable of flying - common, with one of the highest densities in the state - extremely wary and possess keen color vision and very good hearing ability - great hikers and strong fliers - ground-nesting birds, like ruffed grouse and bobwhite quail - large birds with long legs, long necks and large fan-shaped tails * are native to the southeastern United States - wooded areas of North America - non-migratory birds, andhave adapted to live in a great variety of conditions - now in every county in the state and spreading rapidly - numerous and ruffed grouse and woodcock are occasionally seen - omnivorous , foraging on the ground or climbing shrubs and small trees to feed - one of the most popular game bird species in the United States * are plentiful and are widespread - in Illinois and Missouri, and are hunted regularly - plentiful, and are hunted in open season - polygynous, which means the males mate with different females every year - remarkably adaptable and can survive in a wide range of environments - shiny black with streaks of gold and orange - subject to many infectious and non-infectious diseases and parasitical infections - the largest and also the most alert of the game birds in North America - very adaptable to both habitat and range requirements, due in part to their diets * breed in early spring - once per year * can and do fly - fly, but they prefer to run * differ from domestic ones in color and body form, being slimmer and more streamlined - turkeys in color and body form * eat fruits, seeds, tubers, bulbs, and greens of locally common plants - seeds, acorns, and insects * forage in fields. * have a large vocabulary as compared to other birds - very complex language * have better eyesight and hearing than domestic turkeys - excellent vision and very acute hearing - longer necks and legs as well as smaller breasts than turkeys bred for the table * live in a variety of habitats throughout North America - forests in North America and Central America - hardwood forests near farm fields - heavily wooded areas near water * make their rounds a couple of times a year. * mate for life, like swans. * prefer forested land and swamps, but behave like racoons and live near civilization. * reproduce by mating with one another, which usually happens during early spring. * run and fly so they have much less fat and have a tendency to be very dry when roasted - circles around their domestic counterparts, when it comes to brain power * seek mates during the latter part of the month. * segregate into flocks on the basis of sex and, to some extent, age. * share their nests. * spend the night in trees. * stalk through the remote woodlands. * stay in flocks and favor mature deciduous and mixed woodlands. * tend to be slimmer and more streamlined in appearance. + Turkey (bird): Turkeys :: Poultry * They are something like a chicken but much bigger. Wild turkeys live in forests in North America and Central America. In the United States, people traditionally eat turkey on the holiday of Thanksgiving. Water fowl * are usually migratory birds and powerful flyers. * can sleep while swimming. * consume the vegetation and contract a disease similar to food poisoning. * is abundant as ducks and geese are in the midst of migration.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Gallinule * Most gallinules have eyes - green plumages - toes * Some gallinules have birds - bones - breeds - wing birds * are noisy and inquisitive birds, less furtive in their actions than most rails. * build their nests on rough platforms of reeds and grasses in marshes. * can fly and swim, but prefer to dash into thick weeds to escape their enemies. * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * manage to migrate great distances in spite of a feeble-appearing flight. * moult all flight feathers simultaneously. * remain concealed most of the time in marsh grasses. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| gallinule: Common gallinule * Most common gallinules have toes. * Some common gallinules lift feet. * can breed within a year of hatching. Giant bird * Most giant birds prey on animals. * Most giant birds prey on large animals - game animals Healthy bird * can adapt to any comfortable room temperature - be carriers and infect others * eat often and are active - make lots of droppings * have bright, clear eyes. Herbivorous bird * Most herbivorous birds have long necks * Some herbivorous birds live on leaves. ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| heron: Bittern * are herons - most active at dusk and through the night - relatives of herons and have a very low booming call * call most often in the spring. * contain magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, bromine, iodine and other toxic compounds. * feed mostly near natural reed edge, especially if water levels are low in the reedbed. * require marshes and other wetland habits, commonly bordering on lakes. Blue great heron * have feathers. * live for years. * make croaks. * nest in colonies.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| heron: Egret * are beautiful white birds that roost on the back of cows - excellent at hunting fish * arise in the dawn. * build nests on the channel markers, and beautiful old trees overhang the water. * eat fish, frogs, snakes, crawfish, and large insects. * fly overhead and monkeys chatter nearby * inhabit swamps, brushy lake borders, ponds, Susquehanna River shallows, islands and mudflats. * nest in rookeries. * perch on moss-covered rocks and falcons soar overhead, in hunt of their prey - the gray skeleton of an abandoned fishing shack * squawk in the reeds at the water's edge. * swoop down to feast on worms. * use their long legs to wade about the shore, catching minnows, shrimps, and frogs for dinner.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| heron \| egret: Cattle egret * are birds that spend their time following cattle - native to Africa and Asia - self introduced and are therefore deemed natives and are fully protected * consume large numbers and to a lesser extent so do robins, mocking birds and crows. * exploit drier and open habitats more than other heron species. * feed primarily in pastures with cattle. * follow cattle to feed on the insects stirred up by the grazing cattle. * live in colonies and are very sociable. * reduce the number of tabanids and, thereby, the incidence of bovine anaplasmosis. * walk behind cows and eat insects stirred up from the grass. Great egret * are among the most graceful and showy of all wading birds - eurythermal - heterotrophs - predators at the top of the food chain - sympatric with other species of wading birds * eat more large fish of more different species than do other wading birds. * like to nest halfway up the tree.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| heron \| egret: Snowy egret - brilliant white, medium sized herons that have black legs and yellow-feet - egrets * breed once a year. * eat fish, crabs, amphibians, and other insects. * have black beaks - long necks, black legs, and a thin black bill * is an egret * stand in brackish pools, silently regal, waiting for prey. White egret * glide over the valley's pasture to their nests. * pose silently or flap lazily overhead. Great blue heron * adapt to habitats - wetland habitats * feed on insects. * have black color - fish techniques - neck vertebrae Great heron * Most great herons adapt to habitats * Most great herons have feathers - vertebrae - nest in colonies * Some great herons live in aquatic habitats - neck vertebrae * live for years. * make croaks. Green heron * Most green herons eat fish. * are one of the few species of animal known to use tools - seasonally monogamous * know how to use bait to fish. * stretch necks.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| heron: Grey heron * Most grey herons have necks - plumages - similar plumages * are about the same size as great blue herons , which are found in North America. * breed once a year. * can be aggressive with each other in certain situations. * communicate mostly by using body language and calls. * eat many kinds of animals, but they mostly eat fish. - the ability to live in cities where habitats and nesting space are available * limit the number of fish in the rivers and other water bodies where they hunt. * live near shallow bodies of water, where they find food. Night heron * are herons. * have heavy bodies and short, thick necks. * like to nest low, often on the ground. * receive full adult plumage in the third year.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Hoatzin * are chiefly arboreal, nesting on low trees or shrubs, and feeding on leaves and fruit. * colourful bird, with frizzy crest and long tail. * has a long neck, small head with reddish-brown crest, and blue facial skin with red eyes - tail composed of ten, loosely attached feathers - an unpleasant odour, due to aromatic compounds included in their vegetal food - bronze olive upperparts, with fine buff streaks on dark hind neck, nape and mantle - typical foot with three toes forwards and one backwards * is national bird of Guyana - vulnerable to nest predation ### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| hoatzin: Young hoatzin * have hooks on their wings, reminiscent of prehistoric creatures - similar to the prehistoric Archaeopteryx * lose their claws once they reach maturity - wing-claws as they attain adulthood<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Hornbill * Most hornbills are black and white, sometimes varied with chestnut or gray - fruit eaters - have black, white or gray plumage but many have strikingly colourful bills * are a speciality - actually common - arboreal and terrestrial - birds - omnivorous birds - particularly common here during the fruiting season - sensitive to habitat destruction, and are large in size and feed mainly on fruits * feed chiefly on the ground, their food consisting of insects, small mammals, and reptiles. * have very peculiar nesting habits. * make their nests in holes in trees. * mate for life, and nest in hollow tree cavities, relying totally on natural cavities. * use their big bills to open the tough husks of nuts and to handle large fruit. + Rhinoceros Hornbill: Coraciiformes * The 'Rhinoceros Hornbill' is a species of bird living in parts of Malaya and Thailand. It usually wanders here and there in the forest, where it lives, in search of fruits and nuts to eat. Hornbills use their big bills to open the tough husks of nuts and to handle large fruit.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: House wren * Most house wrens sing songs. * Some house wrens have habits. * are also most abundant in the east * are cavity nesters and as such, are easily attracted to birdhouses - like the bluebird - common backyard birds that readily nest in birdhouses - feisty and pugnacious animals considering their tiny size - generally monogamous but can be polygamous depending on the individual birds - native birds that are protected by law - perky birds that can be loud, bold and hyperactive during the nesting season - small birds, four and a half to five and a four inches in length * can have a second brood - produce synchronous or asynchronously hatching broods * continue singing during the hot part of the day. * migrate south to winter in southern coastal states. * raise two broods per summer. * seem to prefer areas with trees and shrubs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Hummingbird * All hummingbirds are excellent flyers, forewards, side- and backwards - very small and have high metabolisms * Every hummingbird bird. * Many hummingbirds are green and white - can fly backwards and sideways as well as going vertically up and down - have shiny, iridescent patches of feathers - migrate to find food during the cold winter - remain throughout the summer * Most hummingbirds adapt to environments - extreme environments * Most hummingbirds are bright in color - inside nests * Most hummingbirds come to feeders - hummingbird feeders - defend territory * Most hummingbirds depend on nectar - plants - die in the first year of life * Most hummingbirds drink nectar - sugar water * Most hummingbirds eat food - meals - enter gardens * Most hummingbirds feed on flower nectar - fly over homes - gain weight * Most hummingbirds get energy - give birth to birds - grow feathers * Most hummingbirds have beaks - bills that are long and straight so that they can get nectar from flowers - brains - color vision - good color vision - habits - hearts - legs - lifestyle - long beaks - memory - short legs - tongues * Most hummingbirds live in habitats - hemispheres - regions - the South America - western hemispheres - love food - make nests * Most hummingbirds migrate to environments * Most hummingbirds pollinate flowers - wildflowers - raise two broods each breeding season - receive food * Most hummingbirds require energy - fuel - proteins * Most hummingbirds return to food * Most hummingbirds seek nectar - shed feathers - spread wings - suck flowers - thrive in regions * Most hummingbirds use feathers - market techniques - tail feathers * Most hummingbirds visit bushes - weigh less than a penny * Some hummingbirds are able to adapt well to gardens, given the right conditions - located in valleys - catch small insects * Some hummingbirds collect food * Some hummingbirds depend on insects - wetland * Some hummingbirds eat bugs - establish territory * Some hummingbirds have consumption - oxygen consumption - prey - relative consumption - strength - symptoms * Some hummingbirds lose body heat - occur in Arkansas - raise broods - receive nectar * Some hummingbirds require havens - stations - return springs * Some hummingbirds return to environments - shake wings - starve to death - suck nectar - survive first years - use energy * Some hummingbirds visit nests - trees - vines * Take down, clean and store feeders. * There are several types of hummingbirds that live in Colorado. * adore columbines. * also benefit from certain herbs - consume insects and spiders - eat fruit flies and other small flying insects - enjoy the sun * also feed on insects such as mosquitoes, fruit flies, small bees, and aphids - small insects for the protein they provide - the nectar of hawthorne, horse chestnut and flowering crabapple trees - love to feast on the sweet nectar - make occasional stops, and moths visit, especially in the evening * are BIG eaters - Oklahoma's smallest birds and are unique in many respects * are a beautiful little bird that captures everyone's heart - favorite with many bird watchers - major pollinator of red buckeyes, so the bloom time is no coincidence - about migrate back to South America - actually easier subjects for banding than most larger birds - aggressive feeders and become very accustomed to humans around the feeder * are almost helpless on the ground - like bugs * are also able to turn off their kidney function at night - extremely maneuverable * are among the most delightful of the wild creatures attracted to gardens - technically challenging wildlife to photograph - smallest warm-blooded animals on earth - an important groups of bird pollinators - attracted by their nectar * are attracted to red, so tie a red ribbon on the feeder or buy a feeder that is red - use a feeder that has red components - the bright blooms - bizarre, fascinating little creatures - easy to attract to a backyard garden, a cinch to keep well fed, and a joy to watch * are extremely territorial about food sources and nest sites - and aggressive around a single food source * are famous for more than their beauty and tiny size - their aerial display - fascinating, to an extent far disproportionate to their size - fearless and inquisitive creatures - feisty little birds - fiercely independent * are found as far north as Alaska - south as Chile - only in North America and South America - friendly birds that can do amazing feats - fun to watch for their unusual flight - hard to capture with a camera - helpful in our environment because they eat harmful insects - highly active and seemingly effortlessly fly forward and backward or hover - important for hummingbird-pollinated flowers * are important pollinators of many specially adapted flowers - specially adapted plants - in a class of their own - just minor kachinas - master architects - more skillful than bees - native to the Americas - naturally aggressive and territorial - nifty fliers - one of the few birds that can lift themselves straight up into the air - only the size of a small mouse, but they are extremely feisty little birds - perhaps the most delicate, labor-intensive orphans in the desert - probably the most unusual birds that visit our neck of the woods - quite relaxed around people because of their ability to hover and fly backwards - small and often very small birds with habitat on the american continent only - small, colorful birds with iridescent feathers - strictly a bird of the Western Hemisphere - territorial over necter sources - the most common bird pollinators * are the only animal that can fly backwards - animals able to fly backwards - birds capable of flying backwards * are the only birds that can fly backwards - fly both forward and backwards - second largest family of birds in the Western Hemisphere - smallest species of birds - sparkling jewels of summer * are the tiniest birds in the world - on the planet - world's smallest birds - tiny birds that can fly forwards and also hover in mid-air - truly all-American birds, because they live nowhere else on Earth but the Americas - very inquisitive creatures * are very small birds and they have a high metabolism - with a high metabolism - territorial and they normally dive bomb one another at the feeders - territorial, and they often pick their territory early in the season - well suited to exploit such niches - winter visitors - wonderfully small birds with either metallic green or red throats * arrive at locations. * bathe often and play in the water. * beat wings. * begin to migrate to warmer climates in late fall. * build the tiniest nest of all, little more than an inch across - tiny nests the size of Japanese sake cups, wedged in the fork of a branch * can also die when they are caught in spider webs - hibernate overnight - catch insect on the wing * can consume two thirds of their body's weight every day - up to twice their body weight in nectar every day - distinguish different kinds of sugars and their concentrations - even fly upside down * can fly backwards, forwards, sideways, upside down, and can hover - forward, backward, and they can hover * can fly right, left, up, down, backwards, and even upside down - backwards, even upside down - hover as well as fly sideways, backwards and even upside down - live up to nine years - never remember the words to songs - rotate their wings backward, which creates downward 'lift' and backward 'thrust' * can see farther than humans - ultraviolet light - wavelengths into the near-ultraviolet - taste just enough to know what is good and what is bad * carry the gift of flight to a new level. * claim a feeding territory and defend it vigorously. * come and go with much regularity. * communicate with visual display. * compete for food by challenging and bullying each other - nectar and insects * consume about half their weight in food each day - half their weight in sugars each day * display a range of foraging patterns. * divide themselves by territories. * do sleep in a position with their neck retracted and their head forward. * drink by using protrusible grooved or trough-like tongues * eat about every ten minute, slurping down twice their body weight in nectar every day - every ten minutes to keep up with there high metabolism - from only red flowers - insects and insect eggs on the ground and in trees * eat nectar from flowers and also gather insects for protein - small insects in the wild - only nectar * eat small insects and nectar - soft bugs for protein - twice their body weight each day * enjoy a cool bath, whether it be a bird bath, or in a cupped leaf - dripping water, which they choose over still pools - grooming themselves - the nectar of the early spring flowers - torpor to conserve energy * especially enjoy flying through the cool water provided by a mister. * favor long tubular blossoms, and the color red gets their attention first. * feed at the flowers - every ten to fifteen minutes from sun-up to sundown - heavily on tiny insects as well as nectar - on a combination of flower nectar and small insects caught on the wing * feed on flower nectar and are attracted to red, tube-shaped flowers - with a long, brush-like tongue - nectar, suplemented with insects - the brilliant heliconia - throughout the day, at intervals as often as every eight to twelve minutes * find the brilliant color of California fuchsia irresistible. * flap wings. * fly as little as possible, mostly to feed and to chase off intruders - great distances when they are migrating - to drink nectar - with their hands - most of their energy by sipping nectar from flowers - their name from the humming sound produced by their wings when flying * has-part backs - muscles - stomachs * have a high requirement for energy because of their very active flight - joint in the upper jaw, just behind the maxilla * have an excellent memory and can recall any feeding source they have used in the past - incredible energy output and their food of choice is in the form of sugars - appetite - certain common characteristics - few natural predators - fewer feathers than other birds - knowledge of how to use flowers for healing - large brains and hearts - little to no sense of smell * have long beaks - bills and grooved tongues to reach into flowers to feed on flower nectar - long, needlelike beaks they use to probe deep into flowers - many skeletal and flight muscle adaptations which allow great agility in flight - narrow and tapered wings * have no sense of smell but have very keen eyesight - only a few taste buds on the tongue - proportionally the largest hearts of any living animal - regular eyelids to block light from each eye - ribs - small brains relative to the size of their bodies * have the fastest wing beat of any bird - highest metabolism of any animal on earth - largest known relative heart size of any bird - tiny hairs on the tip of the tongue to help lap up nectar - two main feeding strategies * have very high blood sugar - large eyes in proportion to their body weight - weak feet and can barely walk * help flowers to pollinate, though most insects are best known for doing so. * includes air sacs - bird's feet - breasts - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * lack a true song. * learn to associate flower colors, like red, with food. * like to bathe in a shallow pool of water, such as a cupped leaf - perch - take a bath on a cupped leaf or a shallow pool * live at a variety of altitudes across their habitats. * live in Latin America and North America * look for specific plants and materials for building their nests. * love Azaleas which are the mainstay of shady gardens on acid soil - it and enjoy feeding in the shade - it, and it is the larval food for the small cassius blue butterfly * love red flowers - or orange colored, trumpet shaped, single flowers - the orange flowers * love to bathe on misted leaves - drink nector and buzz from flower to flower pollinating mother nature - fly through misters and bathe on leaves that have been misted - tubular, crimson flowers * migrate because it is an innate, genetic instinct - by riding on the backs of geese - south at summer's end - through Houston in spring and fall * move upward, downward, and sideways in a virtuoso performance of aerial acrobatics. * need nectar. * occur throughout the Americas, but most species inhabit tropical South America. * often leave when there are flowers and feeders still available. * often return to the same feeding stations year after year as if on schedule - nest year after year - seek nectar from the flowers * perch in trees. * pick up sound. * play a major role in pollination. * pollinate many varieties of native cactus and other plants * possess feathers. * prefer a habitat with a diversity of flowers and shrubs - downy like materials, spider webs, ferns, moss and lichens for nesting material - long nectar tubes that bloom red, orange, or yellow - migrating by day as they fly low in the sky - to make their nests in the fork of tree branches - tubular flowers that are red, orange, or pink * press the limits, and live their lives only a few hours from starvation. * primarily eat flower nectar, tree sap, insects and pollen. * probably see a little further into the infrared aand ultraviolet ranges than do humans. * readily find and use feeders and their food is very easy and cheap to make. * rely on nectar as a major part of their diet - the carbohydrates in nectar to maintain a high speed metabolism * remember where their source of food is - they found satisfaction last year * require a special type of feeder - lots of energy - narrower gardens than butterflies in order to access flowers on either side - nectar to fuel their constantly moving bodies * rest on trees. * rotate wings. * share some of the same predators as birds of greater size. * sing with their hands. * sip nectar from blossoms - out of bright orange Lantana - sweet nectar from flowers and eat some tiny bugs * spend most of their feeding time visiting flowers to eat nectar - life perching * supplement their diet with insects for protein. * survive by drinking nectar, the sweet liquid inside flowers. * swallow food. * take nectar from flowers. * tend to nest at the tips of branches to avoid predators. * to adapt to gardens. * travel north as far as Alaska from their winter home in Mexico. * use a long, brush-like tongue to draw their sustenance, nectar, from flowers - certain wildflower species for nectar * use innovative market techniques * use their feet for scratching and perching - needle-like beaks as straws to get nectar from flowers * usually look for large, bright red or yellow flowers - return to the same area they visited last year - frequently, and some nest here - red flowers more than any other type * visit the blossoms for nectar - flowers and the feeders in summer and fall + Hummingbird, Eating habits and pollination * Hummingbirds help flowers to pollinate, though most insects are best known for doing so. The hummingbird enjoys nectar, like the butterfly and other flower-loving insects, such as bees - pollination, Co-evolution with flowers * Many plants pollinated by hummingbirds produce flowers in shades of red, orange, and bright pink, though the birds will take nectar from flowers of many colors. Hummingbirds can see wavelengths into the near-ultraviolet. However, their flowers do not reflect these wavelengths as many insect-pollinated flowers do. The narrow color spectrum may make hummingbird-pollinated flowers inconspicuous to insects, thereby reducing nectar robbing by insects	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird \| hummingbird: Female hummingbird * Most female hummingbirds visit territory. * are born with two ovaries - usually larger than male hummingbirds * build their nests on top of limbs of deciduous trees. * do all the nest building. Male hummingbird * are very aggressive. * can be quite aggressive in defense of their territory. * lead a carefree life. * provide no care to their offspring. Rufous hummingbird * are very cold hardy. * play chase amongst the red flowers, sometimes resting on dead branches. Tiny hummingbird * beat wings. * eat mostly nectar, which sugary liquid made by flowers.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Immature bird * Most immature birds have brownish eyes - coloration - dark eyes - different coloration - feathers - gray feathers - plumages - undersides * Some immature birds have bronze - buffs * are a dull green, with no distinct cheek patch - paler yellow splotched with brown * are brown above and white below with brown bill and legs - above, streaked below - rather than purple - brownish with tan to whitish breasts and necks - dark brown with mottled white wings and are often confused with golden eagles - difficult to sex - dingy gray and have a yellowish bill - duller black without the breast band and have dark eyes * are duller in coloration - colour, have a barred forehead and a pinkish-violet cere - generally paler than adults with a white wash on the throat - grayish brown with a light-colored bill * are grey and have dark flight feathers - in colour overall - light brown to chocolate above - paler in color and have feathered heads * are similar in appearance to adult females - to the female, but have an orange-pink bill instead of black * form roaming flocks. * have brownish black bodies, black and gray bills, and dusky colored heads and tails * have dark bars on the breast and lack the distinctive tail bands of the adult * have darker beaks and eyes than adults - feathers, a dark bill and dark eye stripes on white heads - plumage, a dark bill, dark eye stripes, and white heads - gray-black heads - higher total protein, uric acid, and potassium levels than do adult birds - light grey plumage with darker brownish nape and remiges - white plumage with varying tints of pink * look like washed out, lighter-brown versions of the females. Incubate bird * change positions. * use bills. Individual bird * More individual birds are on the wing than at any other time of year. * are outfitted with leg bands as nestlings, so they can be identified later in life. * foraging for food also signal the flock when they find a good food source. * vary tremendously in pair bonds and social situations. Infect bird * Most infect birds have eyes - sit in yards * Some infect birds die of infection - secondary infection - make food - swell eyes Infected bird * appear emaciated with diarrhoea. * are able to provide the virus to mosquitoes for several days - often asymptomatic * can develop respiratory rales and sneeze - spread the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces * pass bacteria in their fecal droppings - fetid watery diarrhea * spread the bacteria in their droppings. Insectivorous bird * Some insectivorous birds consume pollen. * are a separate matter. * are the largest group of migrants - most common vertebrate predators feeding on larvae * increase growth of white oak through consumption of leaf-chewing insects. Jacamar * are slender birds with rather long tails and long, sharp bills. * inhabit a variety of environments, from rain forests to dry grasslands. * nest in an unlined burrow in a river bank or disused termite nest. * resemble large hummingbirds but are more closely related to woodpeckers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| vertebrate \| bird: Jackdaw * Most jackdaws breed for the first time when they are two years old - feed on insects * Most jackdaws have necks - toes * Most jackdaws inhabit steppes - wood steppes - use eyes * Some jackdaws use archery skills. * also eat worms, beetles, insects, larvae, seeds and even mice - hide food for themselves * are birds - common in some areas - especially fond of pumpkins - found throughout Ireland - generally wary of people in the forest or countryside, but much tamer in urban areas * are great imitators and captive individuals have been known to mimic human speech - scavengers and frequent rubbish dumps - known for their very loud distinctive calls - long-lived birds and become nearly as old as human beings - loose colonial nesters, although some pairs nest on their own - monogamous and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings - omnivorous and opportunistic - quite small stocky-looking birds - sexually mature after one year - the smallest of the 'black' crows found in Ireland - versatile omnivores but especially insectivores - very sociable birds that are often seen together in pairs or flying in large flocks * breed up into high elevations. * can breed in buildings or in rabbit warrens. * derive their names from their sharp 'jack' calls. * frequently bath during spring time and early summer. * have a complex vocal communications system - short stubby black beaks and long thin black legs - strong feet, light grey eyes and a shorter beak than crows * includes air sacs - bird's feet - brains - cell membranes - cells - chest cavities - chests - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - lips - mouths - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - rib cages - second joints - sections - skulls - sterna - talons - vacuoles - wishbones * mate for life, pairing before sexual maturity. * nest in colonies and often close to rooks. * only have one brood of young each year. * pair up long term, often for life. * produce only one brood each year. * sometimes scavenge rubbish dumps to look for food. + Jackdaw, Behaviour: Corvids * Jackdaws are omnivorous and opportunistic. They eats a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Jackdaws are monogamous and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge in four to five weeks.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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