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### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Coconut crab * are active at night which makes it difficult to see slight differences in body motion - extremely high priced in the national food market * can climb trees. * inhabit burrows. * live alone in underground burrows and rock crevices, depending on the local terrain. * The 'coconut crab', 'Birgus latro', large edible land crab related to the hermit crab. Coconut crabs are found in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. Even though they are named the Coconut crab, they don't eat coconuts that often. They mainly eat certian fruits and nuts. Coconut crabs can climb trees. Coconut crab meat has been considered a local delicacy. Coconut crabs are extremely high priced in the national food market. Crab lice * are much smaller than head and body lice - small, light brown, flat, pinhead insects that infest pubic hair - tiny wingless insects that look like crabs when seen under a microscope * live only on the hairy portions of the body. * thrive in warm conditions. Decorator crab * are an important food source for some fishes, including croakers and cabezon. * eat sea urchins, small crustaceans, and sponges. * tend to use material from their immediate habitat for most effective camouflaging.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Female crab * Most female crabs attain full growth and mate only once, during their second summer. * Most female crabs go into salinity water - reach size - seek habitats * Some female crabs bury in mud. * Some female crabs have abdominal flaps - live in estuaries * are smaller, with smooth, round shells - usually smaller than males and contain bitter-tasting roe * can only mate after they molt, or shed their shell. * carry eggs under the apron, which becomes distended as eggs mature - their own sperm packets that they can use to fertilize eggs if no mate is found * expend their energy on egg production, and therefore grow more slowly than male crabs. * lack it.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Fiddler crab * All fiddler crabs are similar in shape, having a smooth carapace and a square-shaped body. * Most fiddler crabs live on the shoreline in temperate and tropical waters. * are a small kind of crab found in mangroves and on the beaches of much of the world. * are also avid burrowers - important in energy flow within the marsh - significant organizers of the tidal marsh community - avid burrowers, and their burrowing activity can erode or undermine marsh banks - capable of scraping food particles off grains of sand - colonial, often living together in large clusters - found along sea beaches and brackish inter-tidal mud flats, lagoons and swamps - key organisms in tidal marshes - small crustaceans with a distinctive enlarged claw - the little crabs found living in burrows near the water's edge - very good at escaping down the burrows which they dig in the muddy marsh * build burrows along the mudfiat edges, where they increase the oxygenation of soils. * burrow into the marsh substrate for shelter. * crawl around on the mud when the tide is out. * eat algae, bacteria and decaying marsh plants. * form two types of characteristic pellets affecting sediment surface topography. * get their name from the male's large claw. * live on sandy and muddy beaches that are uncovered during low tide. * mate every two weeks in summer. * molt once or twice per year. * run around the mangrove areas during low tide eating plant debris. * turn a dark color during the day and turn a lighter color at night. * vary in color from tan to brown.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Freshwater crab * Many freshwater crabs are endemic to small areas. * Most freshwater crabs migrate to water. * ' are crabs that live in fresh water, mostly in the tropics and subtropics. About 1300 species of freshwater crab have been described. In total, there are about 6700 species of crab. Freshwater crabs show different behaviour than other crabs. Other crabs release a large number of larvae into the environment. These larvae need to cope on their own. In contrast, freshwater crabs care for the young. Many freshwater crabs are endemic to small areas. This means there if there threat of the area of dissapearing, this also applies to the crab, which becomes threatened with extinction. * can kill frogs but also feed on carrion, larvae and eggs. Ghost crab * Most ghost crabs inhabit subtropical areas. * Most ghost crabs live in environments - harsh environments - shoreline environments * Some ghost crabs eat mud - hibernate in burrows * are predators which feed on sea turtle eggs and hatchlings among other things. * inhabit areas - holes dug in the sand near the dunes, emerging at night to search for prey * tend to feed at night and burrow close to the water. * type of crab that burrows in sandy beaches on the east coast. Green crab * Most green crabs have claws. * are a favorite bait of sport fishermen. * can thrive in many coastal habitats and in wide temperature and salinity ranges. * cause serious losses to shellfishermen by eating young clams, oysters, and scallops. * eat molluscs, crustaceans, polychaetes and green algae. * wander throughout the tidepool, always looking for a chance to grab a meal. Horseshoe crab * Most horseshoe crabs have blood - eyes - legs - shells - teeth - provide food - reach adulthood - spend most of the year in deep water * Some horseshoe crabs have gizzards * Some horseshoe crabs live in tidal zones * Some horseshoe crabs look like crabs - prehistoric crabs * Some horseshoe crabs utilize different habitats * exhibit dimorphism - sexual dimorphism * respond to lunar phases Juvenile crab * Most juvenile crabs inhabit mangrove areas - shelter areas * Some juvenile crabs eat diatoms - take up residences * inhabit areas King crab * Most king crabs compete for resources. * Most king crabs have appendages - legs - life - shelf life - live in regions * Most king crabs mate in shallow water - survive in presence * Some king crabs eat diatoms. * Some king crabs have abdominal flaps - carapaces - prefer habitats - shells * spends two to three months in larval stages.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Land crab * Most land crabs occur in habitats - moist habitats * Some land crabs eat fruit - go through metamorphosis * are a common sight on Florida beaches - dietary staple on many tropical coasts and islands, but they are also pests - built on the same general plan as insects, but are much clumsier - common on all islands - terrestrial crabs who live the majority of their lives on land * have a reduced gill number, and so conserve water - even more adaptations to prevent drying out * live in sand or soil burrows up to several feet deep - on land and marine crabs live in the ocean * need air. * spend most of their lives on land, returning to the sea only to release their eggs.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Male crab * Most male crabs have claws. * Most male crabs live in salinity water * Most male crabs reach full size * Most male crabs use claws - giant claws * Some male crabs have abdominal flaps * Some male crabs have small flaps - triangular flaps * are graded by measuring from tip to tip, and checked for fullness. * have a fleshy, bulb-like structure at the base of the moveable finger of the claws * is tethered swimming on a string to catch a female. * prefer lower salinity areas in the upper Bay and tributaries. - legs	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Mangrove crab * Most mangrove crabs reach adulthood. * Some mangrove crabs develop behavior - social behavior * share habitats. Mud crab * Most mud crabs belong to genus. * Most mud crabs display different movement patterns * Most mud crabs inhabit mangrove areas - shelter areas - reach size - seek habitats * inhabit areas * show responses - strong responses Older crab * molt less frequently but require the same care - than younger ones * tend to burrow farther from water. Pea crab * Most pea crabs feed on detrituses. * are very small in size. Red crab * Most red crabs prefer rocky substrate - survive in presence * Some red crabs feed on barnacles. * Some red crabs have abdominal flaps - prefer habitats - stay in burrows * are native to Christmas Island, Australia. * eat what they can, eg. * live alone in dirt burrow s, or deep rock crevices. * release their eggs during mild or low tides, coinciding with the waning moon. Red king crab * eat food. * have tails. * live in shallow water Sand crab * are common as well - located in beachs * scurry into holes.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Shore crab * are a nocturnal predator which means it hunts at night - also easy to identify and sex - relatively easy to find - scavengers, using their claws to tear apart dead fishes and rotting seaweed * hide under rocks and seaweed at low tide. * live on beaches and rocky shores - They are normally found in the North Atlantic or the Baltic Sea but are beginning to live in many other areas of the world. Shore crabs live on beaches and rocky shores. * are a nocturnal predator which means it hunts at night. They eat small crustaceans, molluscs, worms and some fish Small crab * Some small crabs eat crabs. * are probably the most important food of the scorpionfish. * molt frequently with molt frequency decreasing as carapace width increases. * take anywhere from two to four days and large crabs a week to two weeks. Snow crab * Most snow crab is consumed in restaurants, a sector vulnerable to economic fluctuations. * Some snow crabs have years. Spider crab * are crabs - experts in camouflage - harmless, lethargic creatures that eat sea worms, dead fish, detritis and algae - known for having long, spindly legs - tolerant of polluted waters and eutrophic, or low-oxygen, environments * come inshore to breed as well. * feature spines. * get their name from their likeness to a spider. Sponge crab * avoid predators. * carry sponges to camouflage themselves. Stone crab * are crabs - less common - part of stone crabs * differ from blue crabs in that only the over-sized claws are harvested. * eat shrimp, oysters, clams, or just about anything else they can get their claws on. * have small bodies and only the claws are eaten. * inhabit bays and estuaries where they hide under rocks and shell fragments. * live in holes which they hollow in the marsh mud. Swimmer crab * Most swimmer crabs begin life. * Some swimmer crabs belong to families. ### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab \| swimming crab: Calico crab * become effective for striped bass in the surf. * swimming crab<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: True crab * appear in the fossil record in the Lower Jurassic. * have antennae or feelers on their heads and jaws - five pairs of legs including the claws - only one pair of claws - two sets of antennae, a pair of jaws, one set of claws, and ten legs + Crab, Evolution * True crabs appear in the fossil record in the Lower Jurassic. They are part of the 'Mesozoic marine revolution', in which a number of sea-floor predators evolved. Vermeij G.J. 1977. The Mesozoic marine revolution. Paleobiology' '3', 135. Whole crab * are approximately ten centimeters across. * turn bright orange-red when cooked	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crab: Young crab * are about one inch wide. * use Bay grass beds for nursery areas, and crabs of all sizes forage for food there. Crawdad * Also known as crayfish or crawfish there are several varieties. * are out in the open on the silty bottom, along with small minnows and smallmouth bass. * come in different colors, from blue and green to red and brown. * mate in the autumn, the female crawdads produce about a hundred eggs or more.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod: Crayfish * Many crayfish live in stream habitats. * Most crayfish are strictly aquatic but some live in semi-aquatic environments. * are crustaceans - located in water - more active at nightfall and at daybreak than during the remainder of the day - scavengers - shellfishs * can grow new claws, eyes, and legs. + Crayfish, Habitat * Crayfish live in streams, rivers, swamps, ponds, and other freshwater habitats. Most crayfish are strictly aquatic but some live in semi-aquatic environments. ### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| crayfish: Rusty crayfish * can increase fish predation on native crayfish in a variety of ways. * inhabit both pools and fast water areas of streams. Freshwater decapod * eat plants. * maintain functional integrity	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| decapod: Hermit crab * All hermit crabs require salt water to regulate the saline content of their bodies. * Many hermit crabs are adapted to live in empty snail shells and are considered to be mobile. * Most hermit crabs are scavengers on dead plant or animal matter - come from sea * Most hermit crabs drink salt water * Most hermit crabs excrete urine - waste * Most hermit crabs have claws - hairy claws - inhabit snail shells * Most hermit crabs live in locations - near oceans - on beaches - love food - mate in saltwaters * Most hermit crabs possess abdomens - soft abdomens - rely on saltwaters - return to water - shed exoskeletons - use snail shells * Some hermit crabs carry anemones - eat algas - go through metamorphosis * Some hermit crabs have anemones attached to their shells - symbiotic relationships with sponges - leave homes - live in areas * Some hermit crabs live on bottoms - sea bottoms - trees - lose limbs - make homes * Some hermit crabs provide additional protection * appear to be a permanent fixture of the land and seascape of pacific atolls - remember the shell-types they formerly occupied * are able to regenerate any lost or broken limbs during the moulting process - actually omnivorous and they feed on microscopic scraped off surfaces - also interesting, and vary in color and size * are an exception because they lack a hard calcified abdominal shell - exception, because the males tend to grow larger than the females - common on the beach - crustaceans who have a soft abdomen and live in the ocean - invertebrates, animals without a backbone - nocturnal, so they eat late at night and in the wee hours of the morning - omnivores - omnivorous scavengers and like variety in their diet - quite common in tidepols - slow eaters - tropical animals and do best in warm temperatures - usually everywhere, scavenging the reef in their clumsy, borrowed shells * are very active and fascinating to observe - inhabitants of coastal and deep waters - particular about their shell homes - quarrelsome amongst themselves over the availability of snail shells - social creatures * attach sea anemones to their shells for camouflage. * can cause damage - sometimes go many days without eating * do best in glass or acrylic aquariums decorated with branches, empty shells and plants. * eat small amounts very slowly. * find a shell from the body of a snail-like mollusk and use it for protection * gather in large numbers to exchange their old shells for new ones. * go from shell to shell throughout their lives. * have a varied diet - claws that can pinch - elongate, soft, asymmetrical abdomens that they protect with an empty snail shell - interesting mating rituals that differ between species - nutritional requirements to maintain color, health and molting - specific preferences on which type of habitat suits it best - two breathing ways - unusual homes * hide their soft abdomens in spiral shells cast off by sea snails or other mollusks. * inhabit all throughout the polar regions to the tropical waters * live in discarded shells - empty shells to protect their tender backsides - shells and are scavengers - the empty shells of snails * lose their shells. * love climbing on cholla wood * molt in the wild all the time and they know what to do. * need air - diets * prefer fruit such as apples. * rely on aban- doned snail shells for protection * require privacy when elimating their wastes. * seem particularly fond of having a varied diet. - skin * spend most of their time while looking for the perfect shell - several weeks in the plankton as larvae before settling and metamorphosing * tend to be nocturnal and they eat near sunrise or at dark - reproduce many in order to maintain their population * use old shells from other animals as their homes * withdraw reflexively into their shells in the presence of a novel stimulus.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| decapod: Lobster * All lobsters become red when they are cooked, except albino lobsters. * Many lobsters sold commercially are killed and frozen before cooking. * Most lobsters are known as lobsters. * Most lobsters are located in sea - shores - water - on reefs - bury eggs * Most lobsters capture prey - small prey - carry claws * Most lobsters come from oceans - depend on food - detect movement - dig burrows - eat food - enter phases - escape predators - feel pain - find food - give birth to lobsters - grow to length * Most lobsters has-part claws - eyes - guts - legs * Most lobsters have claw legs - large claws - life - mandibles - meaty claws - powerful claws - ranges - strong mandibles - tails - hide in seaweed * Most lobsters inhabit deep water - habitats * Most lobsters live in oceans - on coasts * Most lobsters love food * Most lobsters move claws - originate from decapods - play in oceans * Most lobsters possess blood - cells - neurons - pincers - prefer to live by themselves, and are known to be aggressive and territorial - provide food * Most lobsters reach maturity - sexual maturity * Most lobsters require habitats * Most lobsters return to shallow water - seek food * Most lobsters show growth - indeterminate growth - sink to bottoms * Most lobsters swim in oceans - tanks * Some lobsters are ambidextrous, they usually favor the claw that is the largest - located on beaches - attain years - avoid predators * Some lobsters become bottom dwellers - catch in water * Some lobsters come from farms - in two colors, having half of their shell one color and the other half another - contain cholesterol - crawl into traps to eat and then escape afterwards * Some lobsters eat lobsters - have gills * Some lobsters hide in habitats - rocky habitats * Some lobsters infect with pathogenic viruses * Some lobsters lack claws * Some lobsters live in aquaria - zones - play in water - provide meat - pump water - remain in shelter - search for places - shed shells - sit in tanks - take up residences * Some lobsters weigh lbs - pounds. * ' are large crustaceans that live in the sea. They form the family of 'Nephropidae', which is sometimes also called 'Homaridae'. Lobsters are an economically important type of seafood * abound in the pristine waters of Pleasant Bay as do many other varieties of shellfish. * also eat mussels , clams, and a small amount of plant matter - have a bow and a string - occur, as do sponges and sea anemones - use some obvious visual displays in agonistic encounters * appear in the art or folklore of many cultures. * are a low-fat source of high quality protein. * are able to best detect sounds within the range of frequencies they produce - detach and discard legs or claws by a process called autotonomy * are actually a large cray fish - more like an insect in their make-up than they are a fish * are also capable of producing and detecting low-frequency sounds - good models for studies on aggression - scavengers - subject to handedness - animals that have a tough shell and live on the ocean floor - bottom-dwellers - cannibalistic - considered marine crustaceans along with shrimp, krill, and barnacles - crustaceans that dwell at the bottom of the ocean * are crustaceans, as are crabs and shrimp - which means they have a hard shell and numerous legs - distantly related to insects, which is why they can be affected by the larvicide - found in all oceans - generally inactive by day - hardy and easy to care for - high in calcium, phosphorous, iron and zinc - intertidal, so they can survive quite a while out of the water - invertebrates with a hard protective exoskeleton * are located in oceans - long-lived animals * are marine crustaceans - invertebrates , the group of animals without a notochord - migratory and they settle in the deep waters outside the bay for the winter - more plentiful than ever in Maine - most meaty just before they cast their shells and during the following month or two - no exception and are provided with a rich variety of chemosensory structures - normally omnivores eating fish, small custaeceans, molluscs and plant matter - olfactory predators - sea animals, meaning they live in the sea - segmented through the arthropoda family - sensitive to chemicals and have been known to vacate areas that have become polluted - shellfishs - slow growing and it takes five to six years for a female to reach maturity - slow-growing creatures - solitary, aggressive crustations with few predators - ten-legged crustaceans closely related to shrimp and crabs - the original pea brains - very sensitive to insecticides * belong to a group called crustacean. * breathe through gills, which are located in a structure called the carapace. * can be cannibals - live a long time * can only mate after the female molts - survive out of water for approximately one to two days - regenerate legs, claws, and antennae - swim forward and backward * come in just about every color but red - many colors, except for the white ones, they all turn red when they are cooked * continue to grow their entire lives, but at a slower rate * crawl rather than swim. * do feel pain when boiled alive. - many variety of plankton - mostly live prey - sea urchin as a mainstay of their diet * excrete their wastes like most aquatic arthropods do. * experience growth. * feed on snails, clams, mussels, dead fish, and other organisms. * generally hide during the day and hunt nocturnally. * grab meshes of bottom and brick cages slowing removal. * grow all their lives. * grow by molting, or by shedding their shells each year - when they shed their shell and grow a new one - moulting their shell twice a year - shedding their old shells, revealing a softer shell underneath * grow in length by shedding their hard exoskeleton, a process known as moulting - size only when they discard their shell * have a cephalothorax which is the place where their head connects to the thorax - unique lifestyle - an interesting and rather hazardous life cycle - black compound eyes on long stalks * have blue blood, have yellow blood * have compound eyes that are carried on movable eye stalks - eight walking legs and two legs bearing claws - enemies - eyes on stalks and long antennae, and are mainly nocturnal - fascinate life - many enemies - nothing more than a primitive central nervous system - numerous natural predators in the wild, from large fish to other lobsters, to mammals - poor eyesight, but have highly developed senses of smell and taste - teeth in their stomachs * have three distinctive life stages with separate ecologies and behaviors - pairs of antennae, the largest of which is used for tactile sensing - two eyes located at the base of the antennas - the edges of grass banks and forage at night * includes brains - carapaces - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * like to eat a variety of fresh plants and animals like clams, sea urchins, and starfish. * live between the shore and the edge of the continental shelf - for about fifteen years - from Maine * live in all the oceans of the world - deep water in the fall and return to shallower depths in the spring * live in the cracks and crevices of the arches - murk and mud at the bottom of the ocean * live on the Atlantic and Pacific coast - ocean floor, where they feed on snails, clams, mussels, and other marine life - only in salt water * lose consciousness within seconds of contact with steam or hot water. - icy cold waters * make a high-pitched sound when they are boiled. * moult more often and grow more rapidly when in warm water. * normally live in the water. * often are - eat dead fish and other animal material that they find on the bottom of the ocean - fight with other lobsters for territory - lose and regenerate claws * overcook very quickly. * play a key role in the seals' natural diet, the environmental groups argue * prefer a habitat where they can find shelter - dark hiding places along the seafloor - live food - rocky bottoms covered with algae * reproduce by laying lobster eggs. * see their world mosaic-style, through compound eyes. * seem to be satisfied with either rocky nooks or mud holes. * shed the body and head first - their shells, or molt * sleep if placed on their backs. * smell food or bait by using the four small antennae located on the front of it's head. * spin webs. * stay at the entrance of their shelters, claws out so they can defend themselves. * stick claws through wooden lathes. * swallow food. * turn bright red when they cook, and so do people when the sun's rays burn their skin. * use attenae to feel where they're going - gills to breathe * use their antennae to feel where they are - larger claw for crushing and their smaller claw for ripping - three pairs of antennas as sensors * usually feed on bottom dwellers like clams, snails, and crabs - hunt for food at night * usually move around and hunt for food at night - slowly by walking on the bottom of the sea floor - rely on their tough clad of armor for protection * venture out of their holes to forage for food among the rays. + Lobster, Biology: Decapods :: Seafood * Lobsters are invertebrates. This process of shedding is called 'moulting'. Some lobster species' colors change when they are moulting. * But lobsters who have claws often have claws of different sizes, for example the king crab. These unequal claws are for special actions. When a fisherman catches a lobster, the lobster's claw is often full and fleshy, not small. Lobsters have a cephalothorax which is the place where their head connects to the thorax. The carapace covers the cephalothorax and the thorax. The carapace is made of chitin. A lobster's head has two pairs of antennae and three pairs of jaws. Lobsters use their antennae to feel where they are. They cannot see very well. * When a fisherman catches a lobster, the lobster's claw is often full and fleshy, not small. Lobsters have a cephalothorax which is the place where their head connects to the thorax. The carapace covers the cephalothorax and the thorax. The carapace is made of chitin. A lobster's head has two pairs of antennae and three pairs of jaws. Lobsters use their antennae to feel where they are. They cannot see very well. The abdomen of the lobster includes legs and a tail fan. * Lobsters usually move slowly by walking on the bottom of the sea floor. However, when they are in danger and need to escape, they swim backwards quickly by curling and uncurling their abdomen. Lobsters can move at a speed of 5 metres per second. * Decapod's are an order of crustaceans in the class Malacostraca. Many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp are in this order. Crabs are mixed feeders, taking algae and shellfish such as molluscs. Lobsters eat mostly live prey.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| lobster: Clawed lobster * have full claws on the first three pereiopods. * like to hide in rocky crevices. European lobster * are brutes, being among the largest of all lobsters - large, mobile crustaceans of ecological and commercial significance * live in the coastal waters of Europe and North West Africa. Female lobster * Most female lobsters reach maturity - sexual maturity * can carry live sperm for up to two years. * mate primarily when they are in the soft-shell state, right after molting. Live lobster * are usually bluish green in color. * have incredibly powerful claws and can be dangerous. * range in color from brownish rust to bright blue to greenish brown.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| lobster: Spiny lobster * Most spiny lobsters have mandibles - strong mandibles - tails - inhabit habitats * Some spiny lobsters lack claws. * are a claw-less species of lobster that come from warm Caribbean waters - food for octopi - part of spiny lobsters - shellfishs - no claws and carry a spine studded shell * hear only at close range using sensory hairs. * migrate in a single file line. * show indeterminate growth during their lives. * start life in a cluster of thousands of eggs beneath the tail of the female. * vary in color. Young lobster * molt often, older ones less frequently, perhaps only once a year - several times a year, but after they hit one pound, they start molting annually * remain in their shelters for the winter. Marine decapod * Many marine decapods form symbiotic associations with other organisms. * Some marine decapods have salinity. * live in all types of habitats from intertidal mud flats to deep-sea hot vents. Prawn * When rigging prawns to use as bait try to think how they swim when alive. * are actually a different species - for liveliness and happiness - part of shrimp - seafood - sensitive to many of the pesticides used on row crops * flourish in flooded marshes where they are sheltered by aquatic plants. * have great natural mortality. ### animal \| arthropod \| decapod \| prawn: Tiger prawn * Tiger Prawns are prey to squid, cuttlefish and a variety of fish. * feed primarily at night. Eurypterid * are the state fossil of New York. * is an arthropod	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod: Insect * All insects are arthropods - detrimental to crop production - either male or female - predators - the descendants of a group of animals who lived a long time ago - then in a state of hibernation - very vulnerable as they begin to molt - change form as they mature - develop from eggs * All insects hatch from eggs - tiny eggs * All insects have a hard shell on the outside called an exoskeleton - brains - certain adaptive structures in common - eyes that are made of individual light receptors called ommatidia - heads, abdomens, and thoraxes, antennae, six legs, and wings - natural enemies - six legs and three unique body sections * All insects have six legs in the adult stage, no exceptions - their adult stage - legs, and all spiders have eight legs * All insects have six legs, but other than that they are extremely variable - three A. compound eyes * All insects have three body regions, the head, thorax, and abdomen - sections, the head , thorax , and abdomen * All insects have three pairs of legs and adult wings - legs and three body regions, head, thorax, and abdomen - legs and usually two pairs of wines - to have six legs * All insects lay eggs, and most go through four stages of metamorphosis - originate from eggs and develop by identifiable stages into the eventual adult form - play roles in ecosystems - possess an enlarged chamber called the rectum near the posterior end of the gut - start as eggs * Always wear shoes outside. * Avoid wearing sweet-smelling perfumes, hairsprays and deodorants. * Every insect has six legs, has six legs, has six legs - that's an insect - to accomplish three things to survive - is different, but, all insects have qualities that are the same - lives in a habitat defined by specific physical, chemical, and biological conditions * Identify and use control measures - insect pests for insect control * Inspect the foliage throughout the season for insect feeding. * Many Insects eat dead animals - fly and walk - insect live in snags which attract a variety of birds - insects actively ventilate the thorax by compressing large abdominal air sacs * Many insects also engage in mutualistic relationships with various types of fungi - feed on aphids - find manmade structures, such as houses and sheds, suitable - have wings - ingest flesh products as larva, then live on plant matter once they mature - prefer flowers that have nectar guides on the flower petals - transmit communicable diseases - are attracted to the flowers by their scent, especially cyclorrhaphan flies * Many insects are bee and wasp mimics - beneficial and aid in pollinating plants - brightly-colored - edible - famous for their sounds - going dormant, thus plants suffer less from insect attack - helpful because they eat or parasitize harmful insects - herbivores - important plant pollinators - indifferent to light but some prefer the night - macrodecomposers , which help break down organic matter they scavenge - responsible for the decomposition of plant and animal matter - rich in protein, good fats and are high in calcium, iron and zinc - scavengers - thus Umited in the food which they take - triggered to fly by a shadow - very nutritious and a good source of protein - attack dead or dying trees - attract our attention by their production of audible noises - begin life as worm-shaped, leggy, tubular thingies that spend lots of time eating - boring or living in the wood of shade trees are the larval or grub stage of beetles * Many insects can also cause an allergic reaction to a person with a sensitivity to insect venom - be nuisances around swimming pools - carry harmful bacteria and viruses on their bodies - gain shelter and nourishment through the winter in a variety of micro-habitats - hover in one place as a helicopter does - s ense atmospheric pressure differences - see ultraviolet light and some snakes see into the infrared colors - carry chemical weapons as a form of defence * Many insects communicate by sound - with sounds * Many insects depend on flowers for food - vital components for the survival and continuation of their species - directly enrich the soil by fertilizing flowers, thus aiding the spread of plant life * Many insects eat dead plants and animals - grass and other vegetation - leaves as their main food source - plant parts, such as leaves, fruit, wood,and seeds - plants, many toads eat insects, many snakes eat toads, and many hawks eat snakes - pollen - their old shells so as to waste nothing - exude a sticky sap that can support the growth of a black sooty mold * Many insects feed on a variety of foods - dead plant or animal matter and speed up decomposition and nutrient cycling - roses - salmon, and then become food for juvenile salmon * Many insects feed on the blood of animals - nectar of the flowers - primarily on just one genus, or even species, of plant - within plant tissue during a part or all of their destructive stages - form a cocoon of silk or other materials and pupate in it * Many insects go through either complete or incomplete metamorphosis - metamorphosis, similar to the process of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly * Many insects have a larval stage - colors that blend with the places they live - complete metamorphosis, for example beetles, butterflies and moths, and flies - multiple visual pigments - natural enemies which provide some control - one or two pairs of wings that attach to the dorsal side of the thorax - respiratory siphons - teeth, ridges on the head or other structures to help tear open pupa or cocoon - the ability to harm people, and many insects look very menacing * Many insects have wings and almost all have feelers or antennae - that can change color - wings, but arachnids have no wings - hear with their hair * Many insects hibernate as adults - in holes in dead wood - including mosquitoes survive temperatures below freezing in Alaska - increase in numbers with the availability of food - live in lawns and turf * Many insects live in the rainforests along with large mammals llike gorillas and jaguars - shrub layer such as scorpions , beetles and tarantulas - water as immatures and then move to terrestrial habitats as adults * Many insects live inside of developing galls - things, such as rolled leaves, flowers, rotten wild, mushrooms, etc - there and provide important food for fish, birds, amphibians, and other animals - love rich, dark colors - mate only once in a lifetime - merely rest on the plant and are neither pests nor beneficial - occur in rice, but few can be considered pests - only enjoy one type of plant * Many insects pass the winter in the egg stage - the pupa stage, and the imago emerges in the spring - perform routines or rituals to attract a mate - play a beneficial role for plants in the landscape - pollinate plants - possess globular outpocketings in the anterior region of the midgut, termed ceca * Many insects regulate spiracle opening in response to respiratory requirements - their life cycle stages by measuring day length - remain in the egg or larval stage - resemble others insects in shape, color and even sound - seem to disappear after a frost - share similar mouthparts as the dragonfly - show an adaptation to the island conditions by reduced wings * Many insects spend the majority of their lives in the immature stages of development - winter in protected locations such as the soil or within plant material - start their lives in water and then move out of the water as they mature - stat their lives in water and then move out of the water as they mature - successfully pass the winter as immature larvae - suck the juices of plants, much to the dismay of gardeners and farmers - surely fly faster, but their airspeeds have yet to be studied with modern methods * Many insects survive the winter in the egg stage - unfavorable conditions in the state of diapause - take advantage of the napping larva's large nest and move in * Many insects thrive in dusty, dirty, dark environments - warm moist soil, and regular watering encourages their survival - try to camouflage their features, to avoid being found by birds or other predators * Many insects undergo a complex metamorphosis during their life cycle - similar series of molts during their development - periods of reduced metabolic activity called diapause * Many insects use UV light to see and maneuver - a sex determination system based on the number of sex chromosomes - displays or dancing to entice females to mate - extensive courtship rituals to choose their sexual partners - their antennae to feel their surroundings - visit flowers to collect pollen and nectar as food * More insects increase herbivory. * Most Insects are highly susceptible to pyrethrum at low concentrations - insects adapt to life * Most insects affect landscape trees * Most insects also have two antennae and two sets of wings - wings and a pair of antennae - appear in colonies * Most insects are able to synthesize fat-soluble vitamins from other nutrients in their diet - beneficial to humans - dead or dormant - easier to control at the infant stage - either outwardly beneficial or harmless - essential in our ecosystems * Most insects are harmless and pose no threat - or actually beneficial * Most insects are helpful to humans - plants, and are also a food source for birds - high in nutritional content, like grasshoppers - highly susceptible to pyrethrin at very low concentrations * Most insects are inside habitats - worlds - less than one centimetre long * Most insects are located in environments - ground - islands - nature - on earth - member of families - oviparous, but some are ovoviparous and give birth to live young - small - less than a fourth of an inch long - small, therefore requiring only a minimal amount of space and care - solitary and come together only briefly for mating - associated with the living saguaro do little damage to the cactus - attack ash trees - attract bats - bear sensory organs, such as bristles, over the cuticle of the body * Most insects become agricultural pests * Most insects belong to families - phyla - can orient in relation to the wind whilst airborne * Most insects carry bacteria - pathogen - plant pathogen - catch food * Most insects cause damage for just a short time each year - problems - chew holes - completely change their size, shape and colour as they go through their life cycle * Most insects consume blood meals - contain meat - damage mature fruit * Most insects depend on colonies * Most insects destroy crops - fields - pot plants - die in intense heat or cold - do damage * Most insects eat aphids - green plants * Most insects eat leafy green plants - vegetables * Most insects emerge from eggs - pupas * Most insects enter colonies - gardens - kitchens - nests - exhibit resistance - feed in leaves * Most insects feed on aphids - corn plants - hollies - milkweeds - plants, causing much damage to agricultural products - find in habitats * Most insects find on many other plants - peppermint plants * Most insects fly over rivers - surfaces - wetland - fold their wings when at rest * Most insects get meals * Most insects give birth to insects - offspring * Most insects go through complete metamorphosis, which involves a resting stage - developmental stages - either complete metamorphosis or incomplete metamorphosis - larval stages - nymph stages - precise developmental stages - simple metamorphosis - gradually acquire adult features - grow in a different way than do people * Most insects has-part bellies - limbs * Most insects have a larval stage known as a 'grub', with six legs - respiratory system akin to ventilation in a building - short life cycle and produce many offspring - ancestors - annual migration - antennas - appendages - chances - characteristics - chemical sensors - colour vision - duties - exoskeletons - external mouthparts - extremely short lifespans - few natural enemies - flight - four to eight molts, but some have over twenty * Most insects have four wings, but dipterans have only two - flies have only two - glands - good colour vision - habits - hard exoskeletons - large compound eyes and antennae - larvae more or less distinct from the adults * Most insects have long lifespans - slender antennas - muscles - mutation - origins - population growth - potential predators - ranges * Most insects have rapid growth - resemblance - separate sexes with complex reproductive systems - simple life - snouts - the same kind of eye a dragonfly has * Most insects have three pairs of legs, one pair on each segment of the thorax - thoracic ganglia, each with connectives to muscles and sensilla - tubules * Most insects have two antennae, six legs, and four wings - unfortunate characteristics * Most insects have wings also - and two antennas on their heads - at some stage in their life - or antennae which are feelers - help plants * Most insects hide in grass * Most insects inhabit aquatic environments * Most insects invade fields * Most insects kill insects - lay eggs, but in some the eggs are re- tained and hatch in the female's body - leave their eggs once they are laid * Most insects live in areas - climates - cold climates - communities - overhang grass - patches - temperate regions - woodlands * Most insects live on planets - proteins - look like bugs * Most insects make colonies - mate with insects - move legs * Most insects occur in colonies - perform tasks - pick up viruses * Most insects pollinate cycads - landscape plants - many landscape plants * Most insects possess a tubular digestive tract that is somewhat coiled - abdominal appendages - esophagi - genes - jaws - slender legs - stout legs * Most insects possess wings as adults, also attached to the thorax - during at least part of their life cycles * Most insects prefer habitats - humid places - shadowy, well-protected places to make their nest * Most insects produce food * Most insects provide food - release noxious compounds - rely on plants * Most insects reproduce sexually, although some insects, like aphids, can reproduce asexually - the aphids are a notable exception * Most insects require balance diets - fresh food - special diets * Most insects resemble aphids - rest on gardens * Most insects seek food - serve as pests - shake heads - share earth - shed exoskeletons * Most insects sit in wood - on limbs - spend the winter in larval form * Most insects spread bacteria * Most insects suck fluid * Most insects survive conditions - dry conditions - swim in water * Most insects take flight - in sufficient water with the food they eat * Most insects thrive in Africa - groups * Most insects transmit parasites - undergo development * Most insects use a method that creates a spiralling leading edge vortex - powerful jaws - respiration * Most insects visit flowers - scent flowers - walk on feet * Some insect go one step further and macerate prey before feeding - produce softening secretions just before emergence to break down the cocoon - ventilate their gills by selecting a microhabitat where water is flowing * Some insects actually emit sounds in response to bat calls - inject toxins to make the gall tissue grow faster - serve a beneficial purpose - adapt to environments * Some insects affect corn * Some insects also carry disease, such as West Nile virus - cause damage that appears like a leaf spot disease - leave large, very obvious wads of pitch on the trunk - lurk in or around flowers to prey on adult butterflies - use it as an antifreeze protectant * Some insects appear in England - books - fossils * Some insects are able to distinguish colors - extract ions from very dilute solutions - actually poisonous to fish - attracted more to certain flowers than to others - beneficial and help control harmful insects - both harmful and beneficial - capable of transmitting diseases from infected to uninfected plants - characterized by specialized methods of reproducing - colored only by their mitochondria and change color when they fly - endangered species and are protected by federal and state law - even wingless, in contrast to their lowland relatives - general florivores, while others are specialized to pollen or ovules - herbivores and some are carnivores * Some insects are important as feeders on weed plants and seeds, helping to keep populations low - because they feed on insect pests or weeds * Some insects are in danger of becoming extinct * Some insects are inside flowers - known as fireflies * Some insects are located in flowers * Some insects are located on nests - more tolerant of insecticides than their natural enemies are - omnivores - plant pollinators, some help break down organic matter - pollution tolerant - primary pests, i.e., they attack undamaged grain and develop inside kernels - responsible for spreading plant diseases as they move from plant to plant - scrapers - sensitive to ultraviolet light and others can detect infrared wavelengths of light - social to a smaller or greater extent - the same way - themselves insectivores - toxic for frogs * Some insects are very pretty, while others bite or sting - sedentary and are easy to catch with a pair of tweezers - small, and yet, they are endowed with a keen sense of directional hearing - well-endowed by human standards - wingless or have only one pair of wings - wood-boring * Some insects attack american elms - harmful pests - the fruit, while others damage the vines - western juniper - avoid tidal submergence by behavioral adaptations * Some insects become adults - carriers * Some insects bite because they use animal blood to make eggs when they reproduce - breathe with fish-like gills and use oxygen dissolved in the water * Some insects build their own houses, and some search for places to lay their eggs - very elaborate and sturdy shelters on their first try - buzz and fly * Some insects can also see ultraviolet light - communicate with each other, but without talking - fly Some insects have antennas - increase oxygen delivery by a mechanical pumping action of their bodies - live up to a year without their heads - open and close the spiracles to keep water out - perceive ultraviolet patterns that are invisible to humans - provide food along with sperm * Some insects can reproduce asexually, and some have both sexual and asexual options - parthenogenetically - rise above lower air turbulence by wind currents or powered flight - stand the cold for a long time - taste their food with their feet - canincrease oxygen delivery by a mechanical pumping action of their bodies * Some insects carry diseases that infect people, crops or animals - microbes - spores - viral diseases * Some insects cause considerable damage - cosmetic injury only, leaving the plant's health intact - costly damage - death - economic damage - massive damage - messes - permanent damage * Some insects cause serious damage - severe plant damage only in the larval stage - significant damage - similar symptoms - slimy messes - structural damage * Some insects change by just growing bigger - from egg to larva to pupa to adult - very little in form, and the young and adults are similar except for size - chew food * Some insects collect leaves - come into contact * Some insects consume cactus fruit - plastic * Some insects contain acid - fatty acid - nephrocytes, cells in the head that also store wastes and toxic elements - steroids - control their temperature , especially colonial insects * Some insects crawl on skin - walls - wire - damage growing crops and spoil harvests in storage - defoliate strawberry guavas * Some insects destroy colonies - hosts - wheat * Some insects develop as predators of other insects - resistance to several insect pathogens - dominate continents * Some insects drink blood - human blood * Some insects eat animal tissue - bees - caterpillars - crop pests * Some insects eat damage crop pests - dead animals or garbage - fleas - oak * Some insects eat other insects, spiders and lizards - pest insects - residues - rodents - roots - soy - the leaves, destroying the head's shape * Some insects eat tiny fleas - water fleas - wallpaper - wasps - willows - zebras * Some insects emerge as adults - beautiful moths * Some insects emerge from colonies * Some insects enter fields - homes - even have different habitats as immatures than they do as adults * Some insects exhibit complete metamorphosis - convection - excretion * Some insects fall into liquids * Some insects feed at night and can only be found by inspecting the plant at night - nights * Some insects feed in flowers * Some insects feed on beetles - cacti - cattails - dungs - firewoods - hollyhocks - individuals - nectar juice - needles * Some insects feed on plant juice - privets - saguaro cacti - the sugar - truffles - trunks - twigs - worms - sparrows - within plant tissues during all or part of their destructive stages - feel vibration * Some insects fly over lakes - oceans - ponds - streams - straight up in the air a short distance, where it is significantly cooler - fold wings - fold, roll, or tie leaves together for a protective cover - go into dormancy * Some insects go through a gradual metamorphosis - no metamorphosis at all - to water - grow very large * Some insects has-part glands * Some insects have a dramatic impact on forests - long juvenile stage and a brief adulthood - single pair of spiracles and a few small insect have no functional spiracles - social order * Some insects have air sacs - tubes that open to the outside of their body - aquatic nymph - armor to protect themselves - backbones - bases - both types while other insects have only one type or the other - chemical substances - density - distribution - external skeletons - fearsome reputations - foul odor - greater public appeal than other insects - hands - internal air sacs - long proboscises - low impact - mouth parts that can suck the plant juices and some have mouth parts for chewing - no spiracles - nymphs that are aquatic , which means they live in water - penises - preference - projections - pulsating sacs in their knee joints that push the blood throughout the body - representations - seasons - style - the most unusual methods of home-building - their legs adapted to swimming organs * Some insects have two or even three emergences in the same season - transitions points - very sensitive antennae which can detect a pheromone at great distances - what is called 'incomplete metamorphosis' - wide distribution - hear sound - help flowers - hibernate or lay eggs in or on the host plant * Some insects hide in flowers * Some insects inject fluid - toxic fluid * Some insects invade colonies * Some insects kill harmful insects - lie dormant under the soil all summer, waking when the water comes * Some insects live alone, but some live in large groups or colonies - for years * Some insects live in Ontario - bark - caves - debris - different types of water because of the type food they eat - epiphytes - grassland - hives - mounds - mulch - sewers - societies - temperate rainforests - tropical habitats - wildernesses - zones * Some insects live on animals - beds - together in groups, too * Some insects look completely different at each stage of development - just like the leaves, stems or bark among which they hide to protect themselves * Some insects look like grasshoppers - lose wings * Some insects make honey - materials which people like to use - up diets - mature or overwinter in the stems and roots of host plants - migrate to wood * Some insects occur in gardens - parks * Some insects only have legs - parasitize or prey on harmful insects - pass their larval stage in a state of hibernation * Some insects play a vital role as pollinators and others as links in the food chain - important roles - key roles - trophic roles - vital roles * Some insects pollinate bloodroots - bull thistles - courgette flowers - herbs - orchards * Some insects possess a tympanal organ - anal canals - covering - lips - tracheae - upper lips * Some insects prefer conditions - winter's cooler temperatures * Some insects prey on ants - fire ants - ladybugs * Some insects produce acid - products humans use, such as honey, wax, silk, and dyes - sounds by forcing air out of their bodies - protect themselves with sharp pinchers * Some insects provide humans with products such as honey, bees wax, shellac, and silk - pollination services - reach adulthood - receive toxins - rely on camouflage by looking like a leaf or even a stick - require mold to be present at the start of an infestation * Some insects resemble ants - crickets - dragonflies - other insects or parts of their environment * Some insects resemble tiny moths - white moths * Some insects rest on farms - windows - return to nests * Some insects search for a sexual partner by giving out or looking for a visual cues or signals - nectar, some for solid food while others seek oils and perfumes * Some insects seek homes - nectar to get through a period when their preferred food source is scarce - seem equipped for producing, and seem to hear, sounds of even higher pitch - seriously affect man's health and are parasitic on man and other animals * Some insects serve as food - sustenance * Some insects shed limbs - outer skin - show large variability both temporal and spatial * Some insects sit in fields * Some insects spare no expense or trouble to make cocoons - trouble to make their cocoons - spend part of their life cycle in water * Some insects spend the winter as worm-like larvae - in the pupal stage - spin a cocoon or web, or roll a leaf around their bodies for protection * Some insects spread disease and viruses to vegetables - steal food * Some insects suck blood - survive the winter by creating galls on plants - take an extended vacation when the weather turns cold - then go through the pupa stage - threaten crops * Some insects thrive in earth - transfer pollen * Some insects transmit diseases * Some insects undergo complete metamorphosis - partial metamorphosis - uniquely create retreats that appear uninteresting or inedible to predators * Some insects use abdominal muscles - bottom debris to form a protective covering - digestive enzymes - dimethyl sulfoxide as an antifreeze - flight muscles - lichens for camouflage - sticky tongues - the same principle - their wings to make sound * Some insects visit buds * abound in the summer and winter over as eggs or grubs in the trees - tropics, both in numbers of different kinds and in numbers of individuals - with mosquitoes, chiggers and ticks reaching peak irritability summer through fall * account for more than one half the species of all living organisms on Earth - two-thirds of all known organisms * act as intermediate hosts. - many types of environmental conditions during their seasonal cycle * additives The bowerbird searches for grubs on the forest floor. - relationships between plant species richness and ecosystem processes * alone can cause foliage and pod damage - process more flesh than all the large carnivores put together * also act as predators, capturing and devouring other insects - aid in pollination of the plant * also are a major problem for corn production in Canada - abundant, as are crayfish and mussels in varying quantities - an important food source - the only creatures known to undergo the process of metamorphosis - attack rice grains in storage - avoid danger by hiding - breathe differently than arachnids * also can damage alfalfa - weaken plants, allowing diseases to move in * also carry pesticides - pollens from plant to plant - communicate through the release of pheromones - compete with humans for food - cope with unpredictable environmental changes, such as droughts and overpopulation - display metamorphosis and only the adult stage has wings - experiment with different positions * also feed on almost everything - stems, leaves, flowers and cones - find it difficult to locate the plants under the protective caps - go through two different pathways of development * also have a protective layer of cuticular lipids - adaptations to survive the winter - both a heart and a respiratory, or breathing, system - digestive enzymes in their saliva that begins the process of breaking down food - habitat preferences, which is helpful in identifying specific environments - highly modified mouthparts - simple eyes as well - six legs, a pair of antennae and wings - their duos - three pair of legs coming from the thorax - increase rapidly after most fires - infest our homes and damage our household goods - obtain water by drinking, and some have the capacity to absorb water from humid air - provide vital nutrients - respond to changes in their environments - serve as vectors for human diseases such as malaria and trypanosomiasis - show huge variety in shape and form - store their poison in their stomachs - suffer from diseases * also transmit bacteria to growing shoots - diseases such as malaria, the plague, and typhoid - transport Aspergillus spores to the silks and the kernels - vary in their tongue length, which is sometimes matched in length by the flower - win when it comes to weight * always find the smallest gap in the armour. * are 'cold blooded', so their development is extremely temperature dependent. * are a challenge to design due to the number of legs, wings and body parts - class of arthropods - conspicuous and important part of our environment - food source for a wide range of animals and are an important part of the food chain - great source of protein - healthy race - large form of protein in their diet * are a major group of arthropods - limiting factor in commercial vegetable production - link in the food chain for many animals, including most birds - part of the diet for many fish and other small vertebrates - minor diet item for adult sage grouse - natural part of a garden ecosystem - paramount example of an opportunisticpopulation - particularly important gathered food source - pesky problem early in the morning and late in the afternoon - remarkable group of animals - serious problem especially within poorer countries - significant element in the biological environment - small part of a large group of animals called arthropods - valuable food source in many other areas of the world - very important source of protein for a lot of people in the world - vital food source for frogs, dragonflies, hedgehogs and birds - vital, integral part of all plant communities and inseparable thereform - wetland specialty - able to detect odors imperceptible to man - about to hatch from under the lumps of scaly material to form new colonies * are abundant and easier to raise than cattle - include flies, mosquitoes, dragon flies, and butterflies - actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class - adaptable - almost as variable and as unorthodox * are also a food source for a wide variety of prairie animals - risk to forage plantings * are also abundant in both the boreal forest and the fen - the salt marsh - an important food source for birds - extremely abundant in terms of their population levels - food for other creatures such as fish, frogs, birds and bats * are also important in natural pest control - vectors for many human diseases - part of a hummingbird's diet - the most important animal in relation to the survival of the human race - also, of course, attracted to plants - amazing in their abundance and diversity * are among the most injurious of the classes of the animal kingdom - successful animals on earth * are an especially important source of protein in the diet of young quail - excellent source of protein * are an important food for many birds during the breeding season - newly hatched chicks - plant and animal life in wetlands - source of food for reptiles, birds, fish, and some mammals - inexpensive substitute for meat in many developing countries - animals to be respected and understood * are animals, and by definition, animals are multicellular - just as much as humans are * are another group that commonly inhabit the subnivean environment - important food source for cedar waxwings - vital food source, especially for songbirds, quail, and pheasants - arguably one of the most successful types of animals on the planet - arthropods that have a body with three segments, six legs, and one set of antennae - attracted by odor - bats' main food - beautiful things to study alive - bees, beetles, and butterflies - best if cooked or frozen while alive - bilaterally symmetrical - both harmful and beneficial to the green world of plants, trees, and crops * are capable of flies - moves - captured by the rapid closing together of the two valves of the leaf-blade * are caught by gleaning and sallying - with the sticky glandular leaf hairs, the leaf then folding around the prey - certainly adaptive, but winter conditions can effect their survival - characterized by their ability to move about - cheaper for fish to eat than many other foods - classified as having a defined head, thorax and abdomen - cold blooded, so their growth function of temperature over a period of time - cold-blooded animals - collected, killed humanely and later identified * are common especially mosquitoes - examples of mimicry - in and around buildings and under objects like rocks and logs - vectors for spreading bacterial diseases between humans - common, making for an abundant and varied bird population - critical to the entire food chain - detectable by the presence of reddish brown frass on the surface of the bored wood * are different from other arthropods because they have six legs and three body regions - in a number of ways - difficult to impossible to identify without seeing a specimen - dioecious and fertilization is internal in most - directly beneficial to humans by producing honey, silk, wax, and other products - easier to control when they are small - easily the most diverse and abundant group of arthropods - easy to raise - eaten to some extent, as are slugs and snails - ectothermic and their growth and development are very dependent on temperature - effective carriers of pollen from flower to flower as they visit to gather food - efficient with water - egg laying species - equally abundant and provide much needed food for migrating songbirds * are especially common in canned and other processed food and in certain beverages - damaging to eggplant foliage - favorable for illustrating adaptations - important here and black bears favor ants, wasps and bees - everywhere in the rainforest, and particularly in the canopy - excellent indicators of habitats and their vitality - expensive to purchase - famous for their ability to adapt and evolve to exploit every available niche - far richer in protein than fruit is - for the most part useful creatures, and in many cases essential ones - frequently the vectors for disease organisms - full of protein and rich in essential micronutrients, such as iron and zinc * are generally only of secondary importance as pests of sunflower - terrestrial as very few insects have invaded the sea - harmful and helpful, but they gross many a person out * are ideal organisms with which to teach and learn biology - vehicles for educators to teach children science process skills - identified by having three sets of paired legs, while isopods have seven * are important creatures of the rain forest - herbivores, major seed predators and pollinators in desert plant communities * are important in nature as predators, parasites, scavengers, and as prey - transferring pollen, which helps maintain genetic diversity - pollinators of prairie forbs * are in search of moisture and cotton is the only source in many fields - the taxonomic class Insecta - incalculably valuable to man - incapable of synthesizing the steroid ring - invertebrates - they have no backbone - less active during the cool early mornings and late evening hours and on breezy days * are located in air - leafs - lured to the spines by their sweet smell, and then trapped and digested - made up of a high concentration of protein * are mainly ants and beetles with a few butterflies - problems in greenhouses - many colors - mashed against the hard palate - masters at high-lift hovering * are masters of disguise, though, and it is easy to miss tiny insect matter - land, air and fresh water * are more active, and hence more visible and catchable, in warm weather - likely to develop resistance from foliar sprays - or less flat and oval and around one-half inch in length - susceptible to control measures at specific times during their life cycles - varied and numerous than any other form of life - vulnerable at certain stages of their life cycle * are most active during the warm summer months - numerous in terrestrial environments such as deserts, forests, and grasslands - mostly protein * are numerous and easy to catch, which allows the birds to rest between forays - on warm days with little wind, they can be a real nuisance - of course an important source of protein for birds and other wildlife * are often subjects of art in ancient China - the first creatures to be affected by pollution - vulnerable at one stage in their life cycle and relatively unaffected in another - one of the banes of thru-hiking * are only a few of the many causes of yellowish or brownish areas in grass - vulnerable at certain stages of their lives * are part of a complex and interrelated ecosystem - gardeners every day life, good and bad - group called minibeasts , which are creatures without backbones * are part of a large group of animals called anthropods - of animals called invertebrates * are part of the community of animals - landscape and a constant bother along coastal Georgia - their diets at the juvenile stage - particularly important to young poults - pivotal to the propagation of wild daffodils - poikilothermic - development dependant on temperature - pollinators and fertilize soil - predominantly terrestrial and have tracheae for gas exchange - preyed upon by a wide variety of animals - prime food for the pupfish - probably responsible for the most serious losses in the greatest number of species - referred to in the Bible - relevant, high-interest, accessible animals to monitor * are responsible for spreading many diseases - the spread of many diseases of humans, animals, and plants * are rich in protein and help satisfy the demanding appetite of the young birds - provide turkeys a high energy food source - short sighted - sluggish after spraying, however, and do little feeding * are small six-legged animals with well over a million different species represented - so thats pretty fast - smalls - some of the smallest and most diverse forms of life in the animal kingdom - swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course * are the animal group with the greatest diversity of species - arthropods that cause most harmful effects * are the basis of a growing but grisly branch of sleuthing called forensic entomology - lot of food webs and animal communities - chief means of pollinisation - custodians that rid the terrestrial world of waste products and dead organisms - downy's chief food - highest life forms left in some parts of the world * are the largest class of animals on earth - group of all living creatures * are the largest group of animals in the Kingdom Animalia - on our planet - invertebrate animals - population of animals in the world - lynchpin of much of the natural world * are the main diet of the scarlet tanager, but it also feeds on fruits and berries - food source for northern fishes * are the major cause of grain deterioration - vector by which most common virii spread - most abundant group of animals * are the most common and most economically important vectors of plant viruses - animal pollinators, and bees are the most common insect pollinators * are the most diverse and abundant of all the groups of arthropods - creatures on earth * are the most diverse group of animals on the planet - organisms on earth - organisms on earth, with equally diverse behavior - effective producers of gene repairing substances known to man * are the most important animals on earth - group of animals on earth * are the most numerous and diverse group of animals on earth - animals in rainforests - inhabitants of the rainforest - numerous, diverse forms of life on Earth - populous group of animals on the Earth * are the most successful animals on the planet - creatures in the entire animal kingdom - group of organisms on the planet - life form the earth has ever known - varied and engrossing class of animals in the animal kingdom - natural pollinators * are the only animals besides birds and bats to have wings - arthropod to have wings - group of invertebrates that have evolved powered flight * are the primary agents of outcrossing - cause of forest health decline - diet for desert grassland whiptail lizards - food for young chicks - silent partners to worry about - single most destructive force in destroying clothing - source of useful products such as honey , beeswax, silk , lac , and cochineal - suspected carriers * are their main prey, but they also target bigger game, including frogs, toads, and mice - primary source of food - thirsty, too, and are looking for water indoors - tiny creatures in a big world - ubiquitous, they are everywhere * are unable to make sounds with their mouths - tolerate sudden, unanticipated extremes of hot and cold - underappreciated for their role in the food web * are used as a source of additional nutrition - food by birds and other animals * are usually only a minor problem in raspberry culture - sapsuckers like aphids or tree hoppers - the first to arrive at a death scene - vermins * are very adaptable, living almost everywhere in the world - few in number - fine instruments for indicating the biological health of their environment * are very important as primary or secondary decomposers * are very important to man, both as a competitor and as a helper - many kinds of plants and even to humans and other animals - lightweight - numerous and include four species of the abundant and beautiful morpho butterflies - tough animals that have adapted to a great variety of settings - useful to humans in a variety of ways - visible on soil surface after watering - vital to the very existence of higher life - vulnerable at different stages in their life cycle - weak against crushing spells - well known in various areas of arts and as pleasant to the senses * associated with flowering plants radiate now. * attach themselves to rocks or seek the calm of quiet pools. * attack animals - fir trees - worts * attracted by various plants also become food for birds and reptiles. * avoid repellents and look elsewhere for prey. * become a substantial part of the diet in spring, and decline through the summer into fall - dormant and are unavailable to most bird species - susceptible to microorganisms once their exoskeleton and gut lining are injured - trapped in the pitcher-like leaves - their lives as eggs * belong to a group of animals called arthropods - very large group of animals called arthropods * benefit from the early blossoms - people because of products like honey and silk * bite humans to obtain blood for food or as a defense to being disturbed - more, and the bites itch more * break down dead things, like plants and other animals. * breathe air - by a means of internal tubules that run throughout the body - or gather oxygen through a branched network of tubes called tracheae * breathe through holes called spiracles - in the sides of their bodies - their abdomen * breed in the carcass - melting water - rapidly, however, and quickly develop resistance to insecticides * build up resistance to pesticides, creating superbugs. * buzz about a wood pile - into flowers busily collecting nectar and pollen * can affect other living things in helpful or harmful ways - also affect the interpretation of blood spatter pattern analysis * can also be poisonous to pets such as spiders, bees, wasps, and some flies - serious pests indoors, causing a nuisance or carrying disease * can also cause damage to eggplants grown in Nebraska - minor leaf damage - have wings like a butterfly or none at all like an ant - hop onto houseplants and cause trouble later - move between the spines without activating the sting - pose a hazard to finished works, especially in semi-tropical areas - recognize and reject grafts of integument from other species - transmit pathogens to food - attach our tree - attack the plant in the fall and spring * can be a big problem with some plants - good source of nitrogen - major problem in pumpkin production - nuisance, especially in spring and summer * can be a serious pest when planting legumes in the fall - problem for agriculture, and thus pest control is big business * can be good indicators of the quality of water - water, especially bees - harmful, but disease can be disastrous - more difficult to control under drought conditions - pests of agricultural crops or of forests - somewhat of a plague for humans and the animals alike - useful for estimating time of death of a badly decomposing body - very important in controlling plant pests - become superbugs with repeated sprays of insecticides as they build up resistance - bite through tight fitting clothing so wear loose garments * can cause considerable damage to trees and shrubs - millions of dollars in damage every year - the horse to become nervous and interrupt performance - thinning or dying grass - come in with firewood - cope with salt lakes etc on land * can damage all parts of trees at every stage of tree development - clothes either directly or indirectly - crops in a variety of different ways - or destroy books - plants by laying eggs in critical plant tissues - detect patterns on flowers utilizing ultraviolet sensors - develop resistance to some insecticides * can fly and kite at very high altitude - hundreds of miles without a stop - into openings in the bottom of the trap - or be blown to the islands - very well - get lift from the wake even after the wing stops * can have one of two different life cycles - two types of eyes, simple eyes and compound eyes - hear using membranes on the abdomen that sense vibration - hide underneath coatings and inside the wooden bars - leave subtle reminders or remains, which indicate that they have been there * can live in a great variety of ecological niches compared to larger organisms - just about any climate * can make camping less than enjoyable during certain times of the year - metabolic water - manipulate their environment and make tools, as anyone who has observed ants can see * can move because they have jointed-legs - quickly from one plant to another-even if they are far away from each other - multiply at phenomenal rates if left unchecked - provide valuable forensic information in police investigations - reveal a lot about a body - ruin an outdoor trip, and in some rare cases make people very ill - see light that is invisible to humans - shiver - smell with their antennae - sometimes be a problem in strawberry plantings - spread disease by carrying the disease organism on their bodies - still be a problem, especially in the vegetable gardens - survive unfavorable periods on endogenous stores of protein and lipid - walk on windows - diseases that can be transferred to the fox causing sickness and even death - some diseases from wild animals to livestock - their skeletons on the outsides of their bodies * cause concern - dermatophytosis - double stall - famine, infest livestock and transmit disease - losses by direct feeding damage and also deterioration and contamination of grain - tremendous damage to crops and livestock * change dramatically from one stage of their life cycle to the next - form through a process called metamorphosis - leaves and needles * colonize cadavers in a predictable sequence, also known as insect succession - dead trees, hastening the process of decay * come in a variety of shapes and sizes * come in all colors of the rainbow * commonly contribute to the decline of plant and human health. * communicate and navigate by producing and detecting chemicals - in so many interesting ways * compete with humans for food, clothing, shelter, etc. * complete development * compose the last largest unexploitable food source on the earth - majority of the scrub-jay s diet in the spring and summer * comprise considerably more of the chick's diet, and weed seeds more of the adult's diet - eighty-five percent of all animal species - half of all animals on the planet - the largest number of species in the animal kingdom, numbering in the millions * conserve moisture thereby providing their predators with needed fluids. * constitute a major component of the world s biotic community - an important part of a growing pheasant's diet * consume air - dead plant matter, joining fungi and bacteria in recycling waste in our environment - garden plants * continually enrich the soil and air. * control other pests * crawl everywhere. * damage fruit * dancing in the sun make ti ny ripples on the water. * dehydrate and dry out within a day, leaving only dessicated insects trapped inside. * depending on camouflage stay in one position for long periods of time. * deposit their eggs under the bark and the larvae tunnel their way out after they've hatched. * derive food, shelter, and breeding places from the plants they visit. - fruit and seeds - various weeds in the same ways that they injure crop plants * destructive to wood and wood products. * develop faster in warm weather than in cool weather. * develop from an egg into an adult in three ways - egg to adult in a process called metamorphosis - in different ways - resistance to insecticides, reducing or eliminating their effectiveness - through a series of stages * devour decaying plant and animal materials - most of the caterpillars * differ from other arthropods in several distinctive features - greatly in body form and require two different preservation techniques * display an extraordinary richness of genetic and sexual systems - enormous diversity * disseminate or spread the bacteria. * disturbed by foraging mammals are easy prey for birds perched nearby. * do better than reptiles, migratory birds better than resident ones * do have a respiratory system - hormones with their receptors though - retinoids, but they are only involved in vision - produce saliva - the Strangest Things * do, too. * draw oxygen through the sides of their bodies. * drift along with the prevailing wind, while birds are able to fly more independently of it. * drop off overhanging vegetation and provide food. * eat and pollinate most of the plants on earth - it and die - leaves and crows eat insects * eat our crops - stored food * eat plants, fish eat worms and insects, birds eat fish, worms and insects - trash, blood, leaves, other insects, and paper * eat the leaves - plankton, minnows eat the insects, and bigger fish dine on the minnows - soft parts of the bird and crawl away - various parts of palms of all genera * eating the modified crops usually die. * embark on their daily quest for food. - hibernation or hatch from over-wintering eggs - to forage after spending the day avoiding hungry birds * especially are frequent predators of small seeds. * evolve flight, including dragonflies which still survive today. * excrete nitrogenous wastes from protein metabolism primarily as solid uric acid - waste through an anus, just as most other animals do * exhibit a relatively high degree host plant, microhabitat, and microclimate specialization - one of two types of metamorphosis * exist on the prairie in many forms. * facilitate pollination, which allows for formation of the pepper fruit. * fall into the cone, drown, and are digested - pool of liquid at the base of the pitcher and are unable to climb out - off the vegetation and into the water, providing food for the fish * falling from the willows also provide a food source for salmon. * far outnumber most other animals, including humans. * feed bats - by piercing and sucking sap - hummingbirds * feed on a seemingly endless array of foods - growing tip of plants - just about anything - many parts of plants and trees * feed on the decaying organic matter - wood and are a critical source of food for small animals - plant roots as well as chewing on leaves and sucking plant juices * feeding on plants or injury to plant tissue induces the systemin signaling pathway. * feeding on the decaying trees attract woodpeckers - leaves and stems also stress the plants and favor rapid root rot * fill millions of ecological niches because they are so adaptable. * find a ready food source in the indigestible * fly by beating their wings up and down - for many reasons - high to survive - in a sea of vortexes they create by moving their wings - toward light * flying from a hole in the ground or a tree often indicate a bee or wasp nest. * form a large portion of their diet, especially when they are chicks - one of the essential building blocks of the ecosystem - the broad base of the food pyramid on which all land animals depend for nourishment * form the bulk of the banded mongoose diet, along with bird's eggs and reptiles - diet even in winter though occasionally minnows are also taken * generally thrive more and develop faster in warmer weather. - out of control, so man sprays poison to kill insects - different stages as they grow - either three or four stages - three stages of change * groom their antennae to enhance olfactory acuity. * grow and multiply very fast - by metamorphosis - exclusively during the nymphal or larval periods * harm plants by chewing, feeding internally or piercing and sucking. * hatch and burrow in the mud - at certain times of the year * hatch from eggs and many undergo metamorphosis * have a Wide variety of mechanisms for sound production - complete and complex digestive tract - different immune system to mammals - digestive system similar to that of the earthworm * have a hard time following a person through a thicket of woods - seeing the spiders - heart and blood, but no blood vessels - profound negative impact on the world's agriculture and public health - protective outer exoskeleton - protein content about five times that of beef - rigid external covering called exoskeleton - second thicker membrane, also called the chorion - similar range of available genetic options under stressful environments * have a system of spiracles and tracheae which is used for taking in oxygen - tubes, called tracheae, instead of lungs - track record, at least * have a variety of immune defenses they use to fight infections - methods for surviving the coldness of winter - very large gene pool and produce hundreds of offspring each time they reproduce - way of sneaking in for the winter * have a wide variety of enemies - modes of feeding, reproducing, self-defense and communicating - ways of placing their eggs, often in hidden or protected places * have an elaborate sense of touch - exoskeleton that covers their entire body - exoskeleton, which restricts their - extemely sensitive sense of smell - innate response to UV light - open circulation and are very active - antennae, three body parts and six legs - antennaes and they can do a lot of things - both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle - certain characteristics * have chemical receptors on their antennae, legs or feet * have compound eyes, which are made of multiple lenses known as facets - developed resistance to insecticides so immunity universal trend - different kinds of mouthparts - exactly six legs , two on each segment of the thorax - great genetic plasticity - important uses for man - keen sensory abilities - low fat and more protein than most meats - males and females and fertilization is internal - malpighian tubules, which use direct osmosis to remove nitrogenous waste - mandibles, un-branched appendages, and highly specialized mouthparts - many different antennal shapes - names, homes, babies, and enemies * have natural enemies, too * have no bones - immune memory - internal bony skeleton and the adults typically have wings - lungs or centralized respiratory system - lungs, and only a few species have hemoglobin, or an analogous substance - only three pairs of legs * have several spiracles, arranged along the sides of the abdomen - ways of defeating the cold - similar reproductive organs to vertebrates and warm-blooded mammals * have six jointed legs and three body parts - legs and three body segments - legs, two antennae, and three body sections - some of the most complex body design in nature - special eyes called compound eyes - specialized organ systems * have spiracles and some kinds of spiders have spiracles - on their exoskeletons to allow air to enter the trachea - such wild diversity - suck mouthparts - that capability - the most highly developed sense of taste * have their hearts in their abdomen - muscles attached to their skeleton, too * have three body parts and six legs - parts, a distinct head, thorax, and abdomen - regions and six legs - sections - a head, a thorax and an abdomen - sections, six legs, two antennae, and two eyes * have three main body parts, and six legs - six legs and antennae * have three pairs and arachnids have four pairs of limbs - of jointed legs attached to the thorax * have three pairs of legs and are usually winged - usually one or two pairs of wings attached to the thorax - usually two pairs of wings - parts to their bodies, wings, two feelers, and six legs - three, and only three pairs of legs - tiny air holes in their body called as spiracles * have to be able to obtain oxygen if they are to survive when submerged under water - worry about more than being eaten - common types of metamorphosis - ventral nerve cord and vertebrates have a dorsal nerve cord * have very poor sight - unusual sense organs - ways of homing in on weakened trees from great distances * hear by organs called tympanum. * help to clear up debris and decay and also pollinate flowers and fruit trees - keep the soil healthy and aerated - supplement their diet as well * helping in pollination are bees, flies, beetles and moths. - under such coverings * hunt prey. * include ants - mantises - potato beetles - prey mantises - termites * includes air sacs - carapaces - cell membranes - cytoplasm - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - skulls - vacuoles * including white grubs, billbugs and sod webworms can destroy plantings of bluegrass. * infest areas * ingest the ova, and the cysticercoid larvae develop in the hemocoel. * ingesting the active ingredient in Gaucho stop feeding and reproducing and eventually die. * inject their own saliva as a lubricant to assist feeding. * is an arthropod - the lupine and the nitrogen is released into the soil * known as phasmids look like sticks or leaves. * lack lungs. * land on arms - the leaf , are caught by the surface tension of the water , and suffocate * lay eggs in and on flower stalks - seeds before harvesting - wetland environments - on the underside of the leaves - eggs, often only once in a lifetime * like to hang out in the protection of the nest - hide in dried flowers, so clip off the blossoms as soon as they fade * live almost everywhere on earth - from steamy tropical jungles to cold polar regions - as parasites on other animals - between the bark and the vine, leading to potential problems * live in a particular habitat - variety of different habitats - more different kinds of places than any other group of animals - the mossy floor and tree bark - warm climates, hot climates, even sub zero climates - the decaying wood * living in fresh water are generally hyperosmotic to their environment - salt water, such as brine flies, are generally hypoosmotic to their environment * lose most of their water through the spiracles. * love the sweet, honey-flavored nectar of linden flowers - to hide in plant debris * maim and kill our livestock. * make a big part of our environment, outnumbering all other animals - good meal for amphibians - distinctive sounds - sounds with parts of their bodies other than their mouths, such as legs and wings - their homes in just about every plant part imaginable * make up a large part of the grizzly diet - very small proportion of the dove diet - more than half of all living things on Earth, comprising over one million species - over three-quarters of all the species of animals - the bulk of their diet * make up the largest group of animals in the world - proportion of Amazonian organisms - other important part of the diet, and grasshoppers are especially coveted * meet their demise at the low voltage grid. * molt between larval stages, called instars, and between larval, pupal and adult stages. * move around pollen for some plants, while other plants count on the wind to move it - right in * need food sources * never develop an immunity and their breeding cycle is effectively interrupted. * never have more than three pairs of jointed legs - twelve abdominal segments * obtain oxygen through spiracles, which are small abdominal holes. * occasionally fruit especially in winter. * occupy a prominent place among the animals named in the Bible. * occur in abundance everywhere on our planet, except in oceans and the polar regions * offer useful model systems because their central neurons can be easily identified. * often are so intent on feeding that they remain still enough to have their picture taken - cling to the underside of lily pads - finish their meal leaving the skeleton of the fabric intact - garner a bad reputation because of their unfamiliar appearance and habits - move in after birds have finished nesting - move, breathe and eat differently in each stage - pass the winter in a life stage that can damage crops early the next season - smack into car windshields, but the problem is worse in airplanes * out weigh the animals. * outnumber other animal types in a number of ways. * overheat very quickly and sitting in a warm car can end in death in a couple of minutes. * play a crucial role as a food source for other creatures in the freshwater biome - major role in almost every aspect of human culture - role as vectors for microbial contamination - an important part in the nature of our world * play an important role in our lives - recycling dead plant material - the comminution of particular material - many important roles in our ecosystems * pollinate many landscape plants - of our fruits, flowers, and vegetables - roses, but ragweed is pollinated through the air - tree flowers * populate the swamps carpeted with sphagnum moss, where plants such as sundews thrive. * possess a rigid exoskeleton made of chitinous cuticle covered with hair - an amazing diversity in size, form, and behavior * present the biologist with a rich array of social organizations for study and comparison. * probably affect humans more than any other group of animals. * proceed through a predictable sequence of stages when decomposing vertebrate remains. - semiochemicals , or odor signals, to interact with one another - useful products such as honey, silk, dyes, and pharmaceuticals * protect their pupae in a variety of ways. * provide a high source of protein for the swiftly growing birds. * provide an ideal medium in which to study many aspects of physiology - important source of protein, vitamins, minerals and fats in many cultures * provide food for many animals including snakes, frogs, skunks, fish, opossums and birds - to other animals - high protein food important to adults and young birds during the nesting season - protein, minerals, vitamins and fats and are digested more slowly than nectar - the necessary high sources of protein necessary for young birds to grow quickly * provoke anxiety in many people. * range in size from gnats like tiny dots to beetles as big as rats - moths as large as bats to springtails smaller than grains of sand * readily hide under such coverings. * rearing as a hobby or for pets is something that is popular, especially in Europe. * recognize information transmitted by other insects. * reestablish the diurnal palette of timbres. * regularly use pheromones for the same purpose. * release compounds * rely on different ommatidia to fix on a point - visual, olfactory, and tactile cues to find host plants * remain an important food item to adults and young throughout summer and into early fall. * represent a morphologically as well as developmentally extremely diverse animal group - serious threat to field corn produced in the mid-south - the most abundant and diverse animal group on Earth * reproduce at a faster rate than beef animals. - both moisture and warmth in order to feed and reproduce - enormous amounts of energy to beat their wings rapidly - only a small change in the body temp to die - other adaptations to achieve some independence from the surface strata * respire through tiny openings called spiracles. * respond to environmental changes in ways that mitigate or exacerbate change - landuse features like overwintering sites and host plants * secrete fluid - pectinase when they feed * see UV radiation, and some flowers have UV bullseye - black light fluorescent, mercury, and metal halide best * serve as a food source for thousands of species of animals - an important food source for the other pond fauna * serve as food for wildlife, including many birds and fish - sources for birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, and other animals * show the hand positions on the keyboard - up in people's dreams - swarming, boring, and stinging - wide variation in the manner in which they cJevelop from egg to the adult * signal they are ready to mate by emitting phermones. * signify obstacles. * simply appear in the fossil strata without indication of an evolutionary ancestry. * sing with beautiful sounds at night. * sport six appendages, and dominate the species count on our planet. * start life as an egg - with a larvae form and the caterpillar is an example * stay alive, kicking, squirming and fluttering trying to get free. * stick to the hairs on the leaves of the sundews and are then digested by the plant - stick saliva of the tongue and are drawn into the mouth - plant juices and cause considerable damage - the sap from plants * support the ripening of fruits and habitat and climate have an impact on plant growth. * swarm around and into flower clusters, and birds flock after the insects - over the Madagascar savanna * take advantage of microclimates within their environment to regulate their temperature - their food in a variety of ways * tend to have many different forms of movement - infest poorly nourished, unhealthy, or young horses - nestle in the crevices between the leaves and branches of herbs - work for young crocodilians * test their wings. * then multiply very quickly with the heat, moisture of the Salinas Valley. - almost any habitat where life is possible - more environments than any other group of animals - warm, humid conditions - on crumbs * throve in their swarms. * torment the reindeer, which become more vulnerable when they shed their thick winter coats. * touches trigger on leaf surface. * transmit diseases to humans and animals - parasites in various manners * typically have a great ability to reproduce rapidly - move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming - metamorphosis as they develop, changing from one form to another as they mature * use a system of air ducts - variety of methods to ventilate their gills - colors to protect themselves from predators by signaling that they are poisonous - distraction to protect themselves, too - leaves for nurseries, home improvement supply stores, and buffets - pheromones to communicate with each other - sex pheromones to communicate for mating - smell to locate food and to find their way about and to locate places to lay their eggs - ultraviolet light to differentiate one flower from another - uric acid as a nitrogenous waste product and some can produce a hypertonic feces * usually attack young plants. * usually have a set of wings - pale or muted colors while they are teneral - specific habitat requirements * vary in their degree of metamorphosis during development. * visit flowers for nectar - the flowers for rewards + Antenna (biology): Crustaceans :: Insects + Appendage: Animal anatomy :: Developmental biology * Many arthropods have appendages on each, or most, of their segments. Millipedes, for example, have many segments, and almost all carry two legs. Insects have exactly six legs, two on each segment of the thorax. + Carnivorous plant, Evolution: Flowering plants * Hairy leaves do catch and hold drops of rainwater, which helps bacterial growth. Insects land on the leaf, are caught by the surface tension of the water, and suffocate. Bacteria start to decay the insect, and release nutrients from the corpse. The plant then absorbs the nutrients through its leaves. This 'leaf feeding' can be found in many non-carnivorous plants. Rainwater can be retained by cupping the leaf, leading to pitfall traps. Alternatively, insects can be caught by making the leaf stickier, leading to flypaper traps. + Evolution, Evidence for evolution, Common descent: History of science * For example, all insects are related. They share a basic body plan, whose development is controlled by master regulatory genes. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Biologists explain this with evolution. All insects are the descendants of a group of animals who lived a long time ago. Evolution of the insects'. Cambridge University Press. + Insect, Insects and people * Many bees and flies pollinate plants. This means the insects help the plants make seeds by moving pollen from one flower to another. Many insects eat dead plants and animals - Physiology, How insects grow: * After the eggs hatch, two kinds of development may occur. Some insects have what is called 'incomplete metamorphosis'. This means that a small insect, called a nymph comes out of the egg, and the nymph looks almost the same as the adult insect. As the nymph grows, it does not change the way it looks, but only how big it is. It goes through a number of stages, called 'instars'. Grasshoppers grow in this way. * Other insects have complete metamorphosis, which means that the small larva which comes out of the egg looks very different from the adult insect. Insects that have complete metamorphosis usually come out of the egg as a larva, which usually looks like a worm. The larva eats food and gets bigger until it turns into a pupa. Inside the cocoon the insect changes the way it looks and often grows wings. When the cocoon opens, the adult insect comes out. Many insects have complete metamorphosis, for example beetles, butterflies and moths, and flies. The adult stage of development is called the imago + Insecticide: Agriculture :: Poisons * Insects are very tough animals that have adapted to a great variety of settings. Therefore, the poison used to kill them is also deadly to humans. There can be great danger of eating pesticide when you have vegetables. This is why often people will rub an apple on their jumper before eating it. This adds a nice shine to the apple and rubs away the pesticides. If you do not clean the jumper there is a risk pesticide might build up. + Nymph (biology): Insects :: Developmental biology * Insects grow by metamorphosis. In incomplete metamorphosis, an insect egg hatches, and a small nymph comes out. The nymph usually looks just like the adult insect but is much smaller. Nymphs do not become pupae before becoming adults. They just grow larger. They moult through various stages called instars. * Some insects have nymphs that are aquatic, which means they live in water. These nymphs look very different from the adults. Dragonflies have nymphs that live in water, such as in lakes and rivers. Nymphs that live in water are sometimes called 'naiads'. + Sex determination, Genetic determination, null, Various genetic systems: Classical genetics :: Developmental biology :: Cell biology :: Biological reproduction * Many insects use a sex determination system based on the number of sex chromosomes. All other chromosomes in these organisms are diploid, but organisms may inherit one or two X chromosomes. In field crickets, for example, insects with a single X chromosome develop as male, while those with two develop as female. + Spiracle * Insects have small holes in their bodies that allow them to breathe. These holes are called 'spiracles'. Air comes in the spiracles and goes to trachea, or tubes. These tubes take the oxygen to other parts of the insect body. Some insects can open and close the spiracles to keep water out. + Thermoregulation, Ectotherms: Physiology :: Zoology * Many supposedly cold-blooded animals do things to keep their temperature higher than the surrounding air or water. Fast-moving fish, like tunny, and some sharks, keep their temperature above the level of the surrounding water. Reptiles such as lizards and snakes sit in the sun when they are cold and in the shade when they are hot. Some insects control their temperature, especially colonial insects. Honey bees fan their wings to cool their colony. However, many smaller invertebrates do not control their body temperature at all.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Alderfly * Alderflies have no gill tufts and a smooth underside - one branched tail filament extending straight back * is an insect	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Ant * All ants are either highly eusocial or are parasites on other ants - social insects in which the adults are specialized to perform various tasks - social, which means they live in organized colonies * All ants have a constricted abdomen and they range in color from yellow to black - three body parts, a pair of , elbowed antennae, six legs and a pinched waist * All ants live in colonies - groups called colonies and depend on each other for the survival of the group - societies and exhibit reproductive division of labor * Many ants also bite - feed on honeydew, a sweet liquid produced by aphids and scale insects - build simple little mounds out of dirt or sand - carry seven times their body weight * Many ants eat a sweet fluid, called honeydew, that is excreted by aphids - other insects - even harvest the honeydew directly from the aphids - exhibit parental care, carrying food to their larvae, and cleaning and guarding nests * Many ants have a natural aversion to cucumber - no sting at all, while other have only mild stings - live as temporary or permanent social parasites in the colonies of other ant species - maintain fungus gardens on compost, using a fungus found nowhere else * Most ants adapt to conditions - environments - nighttime conditions * Most ants are black, brown, red, or yellow - harmless - located in habitats * Most ants are located on continents - earth - ground - wood - medium sized and forage for food - member of colonies - only a nuisance pest and can be controlled easily with minimum treatment - primarily a nuisance and cause little damage * Most ants are wingless and known as workers - attack small larvae * Most ants become household pests - nuisances - build some sort of nest and store food there * Most ants build their nests in the soil outdoors - outdoors in soil * Most ants carry food - genes - leaves - load - materials - particles - seeds - catch food * Most ants cause crop damage - problems - significant damage * Most ants collect leaves - vegetation * Most ants consume liquids - sweet liquids - cross barriers - destroy vegetation - dig soil - drink nectar * Most ants eat a wide variety of foods, although some have specialized tastes - sugary food - emerge from colonies - enter houses * Most ants establish new colonies through swarming - nests by swarming to mate - feed either on sugars or on protein, fats, or oils * Most ants feed on plants - the same foods that humans do - queens * Most ants follow food - leaders - tracks * Most ants form huge colonies - large colonies - go to holes * Most ants has-part bellies - exoskeletons - eyes - glands - jaws - mouthparts - organs - stomachs * Most ants have abdomens - ability - antennas - brains - characteristics - diets - flexible antennas - heads - homes - horizontal tunnels - mandibles - powerful jaws - remarkable ability - small colonies - thoraxes - three such eyes on the vertex of the cranium, placed in a triangle - tiny brains - very poor eyesight - well-developed jaws and can bite when disturbed - years * Most ants help ants * Most ants invade fields - kitchens - lawns * Most ants kill insects - live for months * Most ants live in areas - communities - dark places - grassland - landscapes - regions - urban areas - near bathrooms, kitchens, foundation cracks or leaky roof joints * Most ants live on hills * Most ants love nectar * Most ants make burrows - routes - structures * Most ants move legs - nest outside the house in the soil or adjacent to the soil under various objects * Most ants occur in colonies - countries * Most ants perform duties - jobs - other duties - pick up pieces * Most ants possess bodies - bottoms - fronts - segments - waste * Most ants prefer colonies - produce a new generation each year - receive food * Most ants relate to ants - release pheromone * Most ants require food - oxygen - rest on plants * Most ants return to colonies * Most ants seek habitats - share environments - spend a lot of time fighting their own species - steal food - swarm during spring and late summer * Most ants thrive in coastal regions - mild coastal regions * Most ants use body heat - large mandibles - trails * S come in more than twenty household varieties and have many tastes - live in a large group called a colony * Some ants also eat seeds of native plants - gather and feed on weed seeds, thereby helping to reduce problems with weeds * Some ants appear in colonies - orchards * Some ants are fully blind and many have great vision - important enemies of insect pests * Some ants are inside houses - trees - tubes - known as soldiers * Some ants are located in buildings * Some ants are located on Africa - Kentucky - islands - member of families - very susceptible to baits, some are less so - workers, whereas others are slackers - attack predators - avoid people * Some ants bite herbivores - intruders * Some ants can be a nuisance by biting people and pets - carry objects up to fifty times their weight - cause damage to plants indirectly, however - fire an acid fluid from their rear ends - lift prey up to seven times as big as they are * Some ants carry caterpillars - fragments - grain - rice - cause crops - chew wood * Some ants collect food - fruit - construct turrets - consume fungi - cross tracks - damage wooden structures, and others undermine slabs or patio stones - defend homes * Some ants depend on food - deposit earth on the soil surface when they construct the nest * Some ants destroy eggs - dig earth * Some ants do have teeth - wings, but there two more body features only ants have * Some ants eat animals - cakes - crickets - harmful insects - herbivorous insects - mole crickets - plant leaves - pupas - rubber trees - vegetables * Some ants emerge from burrows - enslave ants of other species which gather food or even feed their captors * Some ants enter California - cotton - larval stages - even grow fungus in special gardens inside their nests - feed in trees * Some ants feed on fruit - gall midges - meat - proteins - rich nectar - the sugar excreted by the aphids - follow definite trails * Some ants form hills around their external openings - unsightly hills around the opening of their nests - give birth to ants - go to gardens - harvest grain * Some ants have 'armies' and are very organized into causing a lot of damage, and consequent fear - an eye composed of only one facet - babies - big impact - chemicals - deadly sting - devastate impact - distinct effects - eat ants - guides - muscles - no eyes - nodes - opposite effects - poison sacs - quality - quills - roles - sex - single nodes - slight variation - stingers - stings, and some can spray poison from the end of the abdomen - survival techniques - help in the spreading of seeds * Some ants invade bathrooms - cabins - dishes - food dishes - villages - worlds * Some ants kill ants - crabs - red crabs * Some ants leave ant colonies - scent trails that others can follow to the food source * Some ants live for decades - many years * Some ants live in Kentucky - acacias - association with root-feeding aphids, which also injure grass - cavities made inside plants, such as acorns, twigs, and galls - deserts - dry deserts - forests - the ground, others inside dead trees - lose ability - love fruit * Some ants make a living as ranchers - compounds - move sand * Some ants occur in Florida - parks - woodlands - pick up objects - pose threats * Some ants possess antennas - cells - venom * Some ants prefer houses - to take cover underneath rocks, which can also provide warmth * Some ants provide nutrients - protection * Some ants pull leaves - receive substances - relate to colonies * Some ants require nectar - water - rest on trees * Some ants return to environments * Some ants seek food - share habitats * Some ants sit in gardens * Some ants squirt a stinky fluid at their enemies - formic acid from the end of their abdomen into the wound - suck nectar - swim in water * Some ants take food * Some ants undergo complete metamorphosis * Some ants use dungs - their stings to lay odour trails which recruits other workers to a food source - waste materials * Some ants visit cacti - flowers - locations * Think of household ants as a tiny, well-organized army in search of food and water. * Use cinnamon, cream of tartar, or red chili powder to hinder entry - talcum powder or chalk as a barrier * actually cultivate aphids and milk tha aphids for their secreted honeydew - protect aphid colonies * also act as scavengers and as predators of other insects. * also can enter houses along utility lines - symbolize the small annoyances and irritations in our daily lives * also carry aphids to the tender and most succulent new growth of plants - uninfested parts of plants - decaying plant material below the surface - eat worms * also have a bend in their antennae - large heads, elbowed antennae, and powerful jaws - remarkably strong jaws and can give a painful nip - the characteristic three part body of an insect - their own fungus which they carry on the bodies - two pair of wings but the fore wings are much larger than the hind wings - move around, especially army ants - offer some solid food to the larva including trophic eggs and seeds - play an important role in the pollination of flowers - prey on turtle eggs - supply enzymes necessary to aid in breaking down protein chains - survive the cut, being a fine protein source - swarm, sometimes at the same time as termites - use chemicals called pheromones to leave scent trails for other ants to follow * always live in societies known as colonies - put their families first - show a trust in the universe * appear distinctly segmented, because of their thin-waisted appearance - from nostrils and mouth * apply pheromones on each other and on their environment. * are a classic example of social insects, which work together for the good of the colony - favorite food - major annoyance to homeowners and are difficult to control - parallel processing machine - perennial fact of life in Indonesia - able to communicate with each other - alien beings * are also a good indicator of the presence of insects - problem at hummingbird and oriole feeders, drawn to the sweet liquid * are also an important food source for pileated woodpeckers - for troutin many alpine lakes - capable of teaching each other - easy and interesting to study - present as they milk the aphids - strong and fearless but are never identified with national flags or contact sports - typically present when aphids are - univoltine in that they yield new generation every year - very strong for their size - among the longest living insects in the world - amongst the most numerous of all types of animals, and many species are predaceous * are an insect group that everyone knows and many are fascinated by - unusual example of omnivores - arthopods * are attracted to food, water and shelter - the elaiosome and drag the seeds to their nests - bugs - clean and tidy insects - cold blooded so they slow down when they get cold - cold-blooded just like all other insects and some other animals, like reptiles * are common insects, but they have some unique capabilities - throughout Colorado, and large numbers occur in the average landscape - controlled by the seasons, just like any other insect - cosmopolitan in distribution - dominant and conspicuous animals in the world's terrestrial ecosystems - entirely different from termites - eusocial insects, which means they exist only as part of a colony - everywhere - they thrive in forests, fields, deserts, and cities all over earth - excited - extraordinarily abundant in arthropod communities of tropical rain-forest canopies - familiar turf-nesting insects - fascinating creatures and highly social - ferocious predators - formidable opponents that violently guard the nest from intruders * are found on any inhabitable landmass on the planet - every continent except Antarctica and in virtually every climate * are generally predacious - predators and particularly territorial * are ground foragers, bees are mostly plant eaters and wasps are mostly meat eaters - up and used as a spread on breads * are hard to like - workers that can lift things many times their own body weight - herbivores, fungivores, detritivores and top predators - highly adaptable in their nesting habits - important in aerating the soil and even in seed dispersal of many wildflowers - in a different group from lobsters - incredibly effective and efficient predators and have few limits on their diet - industrious little critters - insects that live and work in large groups * are known to be formidable adversaries - domesticate and enslave other insects, such as aphids and other ants - take a heavy toll of newly hatched nymphs - more active in hot weather - nature's janitorial staff - needed to attack herbivores and clip other plants - obviously relentless when it comes to foraging whether it is plant or animal material - of extreme importance in the insect world * are often nuisance pests and just their presence can be upsetting - several times larger - on the move in spring and fall * are one of the most abundant and easily collected animals - frequent and persistent pests of structures in Kentucky - numerous and industrious insects on the planet - our friends, they eat aphids - predatory on weevil eggs and neonate larvae - primary prey * are probably pretty blind, they live in a world of chemical trails - the most common household pest - quite plentiful in the desert biome - relatively hard-bodied insects, with high levels of chitin - responsible for planting many wildflowers in New England and other areas - said to indulge in games and athletic sports and to cany on war - skinny insects - small, but they can drink a lot of water depending on their body weight - so crazy about honeydew, they protect the insects from their predators - sociable insects that care for their young * are social animals like bees - insects found worldwide in almost every environment * are social insects living in colonies comprised of one or a few queens, and many workers - that are found worldwide and in almost every environment * are social insects that live in a colony - colonies and are some of the most successful insects - well-organized colonies - typically live in underground colonies, made up of workers and a queen - which mean they live together in groups just like bees and wasps * are social insects, and leaf-cutter ants have one of the most complex social organizations - most colonies contain three castes - queens, males, and workers - often live in colonies of thousands or even millions of individuals - living in groups called nests or colonies - which means they live in groups of numerous individuals called colonies * are some of the most advanced species on earth - fascinating creatures that roam the earth - sometimes a problem when farmers sow small pasture seeds - strong and can carry things that weigh much more than they do - successful because they are social insects often forming complex colonies - symbols for virtue and patriotism - termites main predator - terrestrial insects, poorly adapted to being in the water and they drown quickly * are the bane of lady beetles - greatest enemies of termites and can sort of ' exclude' termites in some situations - history of social organization and the future of computers * are the most abundant social insects on the planet - common pest in New Mexico - difficult household pests to control - successful genus on earth - only animal besides humans that farms food * are the primary animal predators of termites - dispersal agents of the seeds - principle prey of some Nepenthes species - simplest of classroom pets - tastiest - undertakers of their world - therefore very fond of bugs that can poop large quantities of sugar - thin-waisted and have elbowed antennae - tireless team workers - unselfish and sacrifice themselves to benefit the community * are usually scavengers and detritivores, so fewer nutrients are broken down in the soil - small , but can carry the weight of twenty ants * are very aggressive and ferociously defend their nest - important insects all around the world, especially in tropical regions - voracious weeders Ants get weeding to rid their gardens of pests - warm, dry and aphrodisiac and their acid smell wonderfully enlivens the vital spirits - well known for their well-developed systems of communication * attack larvae * bite legs. * breathe air. * bring large amounts of dead insects and other materials into their colony. * build and maintain a colony - many different types of homes - nests either on or in the ground or in trees * build their homes in all sorts of places - nests in many different locations both inside and outside of buildings * can actually keep herds of aphids for a supply of the honeydew which food source - appear suddenly - attack termite colonies or termite workers looking for food * can be brown, black or red, winged or wingless, have narrow waists and elbowed antennae - common pests in homes - helpful or harmful depending on the circumstances - red, brown, or black - yellow, brown, red or black * can carry fifty times their weight - heavy food - cause high mortalities in some areas of Europe - detect just a few parts of their pheromone in a billion parts of air * can enter and move through a structure through innumerable tiny cracks and openings - many types of food packaging, particularly once the package has been opened - get through the tiniest hole or crack - invade walls and erode foundations - learn from experience, but most of their activities are based on instinct * can lift and carry more than fifty times their own weight - three times their own weight - things much bigger than they are - live in tunnels, in the ground, in a mound, or in wood - make compost richer in phosphorus and potassium by moving minerals around as they work - play an important role in forest ecology * can survive almost anywhere on earth - without their heads for a very long period of time - talk to each other by touching other ants' antennae - taste food with their mouths and with their antennae - travel very long distances in search of food, but still come back to their nests * carry collect and carry seeds - on complex social organizations, building projects, and communications - the seeds into the bush and if they are dropped in good soil they grow - their food to their nest by the shortest route * collect honeydew from aphids * collect the eggs of the aphid and tend overwinter in nests * come in many colors - of themselves to the spot where sweets are placed * commonly enter a structure by following utility lines. * communicate about food, but poorly - through smells * communicate with sounds while frogs communicate with chemicals - the colony in the form of what is called pheremon trails * comprise three main castes, which have different roles, workers, queens and males. * continue to feed on the eggs and young larvae of flies. * converse with their antennae, having no lungs nor windpipe. * crawl around the tear ducts. * derive from the bee and wasp lineage. * develop a social system that helps keep their population growing - through a complete life cycle of egg, larva, pupa, and adult * discard seed chaff and other debris onto the nest mound. * disperse seeds of many plants - the elaiosome-bearing eggs of an african stick insect * display two rather distinct patterns of nest establishment. * distinguish neighbors from strangers. * do perform some beneficial functions - what they are programmed to do and never question their individuality * dominate the diet during the dry season, termites during the rainy season. * eat a wide variety of food, and have a number of interesting ways of getting it - almost anything from seeds to dead animals - and destroy a wide variety of fruit and vegetable crops - it and die - leaves, fungi, honey, nectar, small insects and dead animals - liquid from trees - organic matter, although a few are carnivorous eating anything they can drag down - plants, other insects, small seeds, and crumbs that people leave behind - the enlarged ends of fungus stalks * eaten by poison-dart frogs play an essential role in the toxicity of the frogs themselves. * enrich the soil when they process their food. * enter buildings through cracks in foundation walls and interior slabs * establish new aphid colonies and ward off natural enemies. * even disperse seeds for some species. * exemplify many behaviors and phenomena which are common to other insect species. * exhibit a range of polymorphisms. * feed on a variety of different foods - foods including starches, meats, fats and sweets - wide variety of materials, although certain species show certain preferences * feed on almost anything consumed by humans - anything, including dead matter - aphid honey-dew, fungi, seeds, sweets, scraps, other insects and sometimes other ants - different types of food, including starches, meats, fats, and sweets - many different types of food - the honeydew produced by aphids * find a colony of aphids and milk the waste plant sap from the cornicles - the fastest routes between food and home base using chemicals called pheromones * follow an odor trail - different kinds of scent trails - scent trails laid by scout ants to gather food - wiring and plumbing routes through the structure * form colonies that vary greatly in size - supply columns to relocate valuable items through complex, dynamic environments * frequently forage in kitchens, pantries, and other food storage areas - travel over branches into a building * gather cacti seeds to store and eat - up leaves and soil to bury in their subterranean fungal farms * generally move over open terrain. - war, so do chimpanzees * grow their fungi in a compost or manure that is carefully prepared. * guard their eggs and prey. * guide themselves with their scent. * harvest food from treehoppers, while treehoppers gain protection from ants - plant materials * hate the scent. * have a complex social structure - constricted waist, while termites have a more straight-sided waist - great amount of importance in the environment - hierarchical order to their colonies that is surprising and fascinating - much more dispersed seat of intelligence than humans - pinched-in, narrow waist - preference for sweet food, such as juices of fruits, sugar, honey, and honeydew - respiratory system that functions to bring oxygen in and out of the body - sectioned body similar to a yellow jacket - tangy, vinegarlike taste, and scorpions are chewy - variety of prey - very social structure * have a wide range of nesting habits and food preferences - variety of nesting habits and food preferences - all the senses that humans have but use different body parts to achieve the same goals * have an acoustic world of their own - egg, larva, pupa, and adult stage - chemical inhibitors in their saliva and anal fluid - chewing mouthparts, heavy mandibles suitable for biting, cutting and gnawing - colonies almost everywhere on planet Earth - five noses - follow characteristics * have four distinct growing stages, the egg, larva, pupa and the adult - stages in their life cycle - wings however, two are larger and two are smaller - hair on their body and eyes that is called setae * have large colonies - heads with compound eyes, elbowed antennae, and powerful jaws - heads, elbowed antennaes, powerful jaws and segmented bodies - lots of glands for producing chemicals - narrow, wasp-like waists, while termites have broad waists * have one of the largest brains of all insects - wing larger than the other - reproductive castes, the queens and males, and nonreproductive castes, the workers - six legs, and each leg has three joints - strong mandibles and can bite - such different behavior and biology from roaches - the ability to take over a nest of a different organism by several means - thin waists and elbowed antennae * have three body parts and six legs - castes, namely queens, males and workers - distinct body parts - pairs of legs, all originating in the thorax * have two castes, the worker and the reproductive - sets of jaws - stomachs, one for taking food back to the colony and the other for themselves - vary diets - very complicated bodies - wings which are unequal in length and generally end at the tip of the abdomen - create soil and keep it fertile - to keep the enviroments free of rotting material * holding food are usually on a path back to the nest. * includes air sacs - carapaces - cell membranes - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - vacuoles * infest structures. - the home to forage for food or seek shelter or both * is also Estonian first name * know instinctively that winter is coming, so they take advantage of the warmer weather. * known as soldier ants tend to be protectors, often protecting their smaller counterparts. * lay eggs - trails of pheromone so they can follow paths to food sources or battle zones * leap for safety from branches when birds are around. * leave a pheromone trail so that they know where they've been - behind pheromones to mark a fast trail to an unsuspecting group of picnickers - chemicals trails so that others can find the bait * like to east small bread crumbs, or bread dipped in sugar water or with a drop of honey - farm aphids, whitefly, scale, and mealybug - follow aphids around because they secrete a sweetish substance known as honey dew * live for fifteen to twenty years - communities, sometimes as large as one-half million individuals * live in large colonies and burrow in the soil to build their nests - soil and sand, which requires powerful claws for digging - the palace - some acacia trees and protect the trees from plant-eating insects - the forest floor - practically everywhere but are most abundant in warm climates - together in a colony * live underground in an ant colony * locate food by random searching. * look for food indoors. * loosen the soil. - to invade a mealybug culture if they can find a way into a cage and they usually do * match as they march. * naturally strive for a balanced diet to optimize the growth of the colony. * need food. * never give up - rest, or so it seems - sleep * normally form colonies with only one nest and one queen. * occupy both primary and secondary trophic levels of the food chain. - worldwide but are especially common in hot climates * often build their colonies in soil, under rocks and decaying logs, and in dead wood - live on trumpet vine and are sometimes found objectionable by gardeners - nest in hollow areas such as behind walls or under the false bottom of cabinets - tend or care for aphids in return for the honeydew * only come into houses for the purpose of finding food, warmth and shelter. * outnumber humans at a rate of a million to one. * pass messages while they pass food. * perceive their world primarily through their antennae. * play an important part in natures population control. * play an important role in the environment - success of aphids * possess a painful sting when attacked, so Anteaters have to eat quickly * protect aphids from lady bugs so they can harvest the honeydew. * provide food for birds like chickadees, woodpeckers and blue jays - birds, other insects, and mammals - fungus with leaves and protection from pathogens while fungus provides ants with food * range in color from yellow to brown to red to black. * release many different chemicals - only a combined waste, mostly dry * rely on teamwork to thrive and survive. * remember a food trail by the location of landmarks along the way. * require carbohydrates-sugars, proteins and greases * rule the earth. * run fast Because the elephant is slow. * seem to be their major food source. * serve their queen selflessly rather than always seeking their own ends. * show a highly developed social organization and complex behavior patterns. * sleep frequently and are often quite lazy. * sometimes find their way to the nectar - herd or tend to insects of other species, like aphids or leafhoppers * start the same cycle all over again. * sting creatures * stretch when they wake up in the morning * supposedly herd and protect aphids like cattle. * swallow food * take seeds down into their tunnel to eat the nutritious elaiosomes that are part of the seed - small quantities of bait back to their nest to share with their nest mates * taste and smell a substance that evaporates off the chemical laid down by another ant - like water * tend to come in dark or earth tones - live in large groups called colonies - turn in the direction of higher pheromone concentration * thus continue in a straight line through regions between piles. * too play an important role since they heard many sucking creatures around from plant to plant. * touch their antennae to communicate. * trail or nest under the plastic film. * travel directly between farms by spiral stairs and connecting tubes. * turn and aerate the soil, allowing water and oxygen to reach plant roots. * typically swarm during the day and termites at dusk. * undergo complete metamorphosis, passing through egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. * use an invisible trail to guide their colony to another location - chemical clues and simple behaviors to accomplish their goals - chemicals to communicate and work with each other - comb-like structures on their legs to clean their antennae - energy to carry objects many times their size * use pheromones for more than just reproduction - to mark trails - random numbers to direct their motion, and also to direct their actions - receptors on their antennae to follow recruitment pheromone trails - scouts to locate food - several forms of communication - the mandibles to grasp food, and the maxillae to process solid food * use their antennae to smell, touch and communicate with other ants - diminutive size to their advantage - mouths for weapons - touch to communicate * usually enter buildings in search of food and water - fly in the heat of a late summer's day - have a swollen area called the metapleural gland lateral and ventral to the thorax * work together to battle a deadly fungus by diluting the infection across the colony + Ant, Colonies: * Ants have colonies almost everywhere on planet Earth. Places that do not have ants are Antarctica, and certain far away places or islands hard to live on - Development and reproduction, Mating, The nuptial flight * Most ants produce a new generation each year. During the species specific breeding period, new reproductives, winged males and females leave the colony in what is called a 'nuptial flight'. Typically, the males take flight before the females. Males then use visual cues to find a common mating ground, for example, a landmark such as a pine tree to which other males in the area converge. Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow. Females of some species mate with just one male, but in some others they may mate with anywhere from one to ten or more different males + Honeydew: Botany :: Insects * Ants collect honeydew from aphids. Many ants even harvest the honeydew directly from the aphids. This helps the aphids, because the ants chase predators, such as lady beetles, away from the aphids. + Polymorphism, Examples, Ants: Evolutionary biology :: Classical genetics :: Ecology * Ants exhibit a range of polymorphisms. First, there is their characteristic haplodiploid sex determination system, whereby all males are haploid, and all females are diploid.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Acrobat ant * acquire food largely through predation of other insects, like wasps. * are capable of nesting inside buildings, sometimes inside insulated spaces. * are known to eat different types of wasps - nest in wall voids and certain types of foam insulation * can also nest outside but forage into houses in search of food and water. * feed on a variety of foods, including other insects and sweets * hunt both large and small prey. * participate in a form of mutualism called myrmecophytism. * protect the aphids that produce the honeydew. Amazon ant * raid the nests of other ants. * steal other ants' larvae to hatch in their own nest.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Argentine ant * All Argentine ants are dull brown, though males and queens are usually darker than workers - the same size * Most argentine ants kill insects * Most argentine ants live in colonies - large colonies * Some argentine ants do have teeth. * are a hostile species of ants - serious threat to the ecosystem - very common pest in homes in warm areas - able to establish new colonies with as little as ten worker ants and one queen - aggressive, often eliminating other types of ants in the same area - an invasive species from South America - considered a major pest to people in areas they have invaded - effective at recruiting foragers to, and monopolising, food resources - highly aggressive towards other ant species and potential predators * are light to dark brown and bite, rather than sting - in color - omnivorous - one of the most persistent and troublesome of all the house-infesting ants - readily adaptable and can nest in a great variety of places - social insects - successful as an invasive species due to their behavior - usually extremely abundant wherever they have established - very small ants, around a sixteenth of an inch long * avoid the cold winters by inhabiting heated buildings. * can also cause direct and indirect damage to crops - be aggressive to other insects - make their way through even the smallest openings - persist in a variety of climates * cause an increase in scale numbers on fruit trees - problems * deposit trails of food continuously, instead of just from nest to food source. * feed on sweets, honeydew and oily household foods. * follow regular trails when foraging. * form colonies - giant supercolonies, so recognizing other ants from their colony is important - very large colonies of a few hundred to several hundred thousand workers * give significant care to the queens' offspring. * kill other insects and invade human dwellings * mate in their nests during late spring and summer. * prefer sweet foods such as sugars, syrups, fruit and fruit juices. * relocate their nests often. * show their fighting mettle by attacking a harvester ant.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Army ant * Most army ants are blind. * Some army ants have eyes. * are ants - good for some people because they help take the bugs out of people's homes - meat-eaters, feeding on a variety of animals even including small birds - too aggressive, and can sting * cooperate to nurture young, choose and care for a queen, capture and kill prey. * feed on anything in their path. * have large, scissor-like jaws called mandibles - queens with smaller thoraxes, who look very similar to regular ants - six legs * is an ant * live in hot, wet areas - huge colonies and, unlike other ants, have no fixed nests - parts of Africa and South America * use their antennae to sense smell and touch. Bull ant * Most bull ants have abdomens - vision * Most bull ants live in areas - urban areas * are found throughout Australia. * live in urban areas, forests and woodland, and heath Bullet ant * are the largest ants in Central America, at about an inch long. * tend to be rather solitary, but one is quite enough.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Carpenter ant * All carpenter ants have one node, and the top line of the thorax is very even. * Carpenter Ants are nocturnal - omnivorous - unique * Carpenter Ants are very common in areas that have a high water table - pests in American homes - get their name by mining out galleries in dead, damp wood * Most carpenter ants adapt to conditions - nighttime conditions - cause damage - feed on plants * Most carpenter ants have ability - diets * Most carpenter ants live in colonies - forest ecosystems - use trails * Some carpenter ants enter homes. * Some carpenter ants feed on fruit * Some carpenter ants have guides - nodes - single nodes * Some carpenter ants undergo complete metamorphosis * are a favorite food of pileated woodpeckers - threat to people because they make nests in and around our homes - wood nesting member of the ant family - active * are among the largest ants in Minnesota - the north central states - that people encounter around their homes - attracted by moisture, and usually enter the residential structure on tree limbs - black - capable of attacking sound wood and often nest in living trees - found all over North America, except in the Arctic - generally jet black, but there are some species that are reddish in color * are large ants that remove dead wood to build nests - black ants that usually construct their nests in decaying wood - blacks ants about one half inch in length - largely nocturnal, with workers leaving the nest at night to forage for food - most active late in the day or early evening * are one of the larger ants in Maine - largest of all ant species - most beneficial predators in the forest ecosystem * are one of the most common ants found in Kentucky - pests found in New England - underrated pests there are - scavengers and predators taking whatever food they can find - social hymenopteran insects * are social insects that form large colonies in moist, soft, decaying wood - usually nest in wood - usuallynest in wood - which form large colonies - sometimes confused with termites because they can also damage wood - the largest of the house-infesting ants * are usually larger than most other house infesting ants * are very common and are frequently seen in the open, especially after sunset - difficult to kill or exclude in some areas of the country - large, black, and have a highly segmented body and large easily visible jaw * belong to the largest of all ant groups. * bite people when disturbed. * build nests in wood, in logs, stumps,telephone poles, and buildings. * can and do nest in insulation - cause structural damage as they excavate nesting galleries in wood * can damage structures sometimes to a greater extend than termites - wood used in the construction of buildings - easily drop to a structure from tree limbs as high as five feet above the roof - nest in or just outside a house and invade rooms in search of food - seriously damage wood structures - weaken wood in structures * come from outside in the spring and summer looking for food. * enter buildings in search of food. - sources of protein and sugar * form nests in wood by tunneling against the grain. * function differently than many other species with some special adaptations. * have a single node between the thorax and abdomen - very thin waist, termites are thick at the waist - mandibulate or chewing mouthparts - vary diets * hollow out areas in wood to use as rearing chambers for the young ants. * keep occupied galleries clean. * lack stings but are able to spray a little formic acid. * leave clean, smooth tunnels. * like to eat insects and juicy fruits. * live a very long time * love to nest in firewood - wet places * make a scraping noise as they excavate wood for their galleries - two types of nests * nest in both moist and dry wood, but prefer wood which is moist - moist wood * play an important role in the forest ecosystem. * prefer to establish nests in areas where wood has been exposed to severe moisture. * prefer to nest in decayed, often water-damaged wood - wood that has been damaged by termites or decay - travel along wires, pipes and edges * produce large numbers of queens and males during late summer. * reside both outdoors and indoors in moist, decaying or hollow wood. * seek water-damaged wood because it is easier to excavate than sound wood. * sound like crinkling cellophane. * tunnel into wood to form nest galleries. * undergo complete metamorphosis , in four stages from egg to adult.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Crazy ant * Some crazy ants have stingers. * Some crazy ants kill crabs - red crabs * are highly versatile, living in both moist and dry habitats - one of the most difficult ants to control in structures * feed on a wide variety of foods, including other insects, grease and sweets. Female ant * are smaller than the queen, wingless and sterile. * remove their wings and crawl off to become queen ant in their own new colony. Field ant * are probably our most commonly observed kind of ant. * feed on a variety of foods - other insects as well as insect honeydew	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Fire ant * Apply in cool weather or in early morning or late afternoon. * Most fire ants are deep below ground during the hottest part of a summer day - feed on plants - invade lawns * Some fire ants eat crickets - mole crickets * Some fire ants have devastate impact - poison sacs - live for decades - take places * act as both pests and beneficials in crop systems. * appear to be contributing to the success of ragweed in old field plant assemblages. * are a constant problem - continuing community health threat in South Carolina - growing health hazard - nuisance, but there are some strategies for controlling the tiny beast - serious threat, since they enter caves and feed on cave-dwelling animals - significant health threat due to their stings * are aggressive ants that readily bite and sting - to people and pets and cause painful stings that are easily infected - aggressive, unpredictable, and bite and sting severely * are also a deterrent to growth of plants in the forage alleys - aggressive hunters and foragers - dangerous, especially to small children and pets - extremely attracted to soybean oil and use it as a food source for ants in the colony - from South America - general predators and are of great value where bollworms are concerned - known to prey on ticks and boll weevils - more than an economic problem, however - no friend to agriculture - omnivorous, but their primary diet consists of insects and other invertebrates - one of the most studied species of insects in the world and with good reason - only able to ingest liquids - originally from South America, where dozens of fire ant species exist - part of the landscape - particularly fond of greasy-oily foods - prolific, pesky and extremely adaptable - reddish brown stinging insects related to bees and wasps - reddish-brown in color - sensitive to vibration - small reddish-brown ants with very large mounds - smaller than most people imagine - social insects consisting of a queen, workers, eggs and larvae * are social insects, and a colony consists of a queen, workers, eggs and larva - each colony contains one or more queen ants - the smallest ants that make it to the second level - tiny and reddish-brown and live in nests under the ground - toxic to the fish - unaffected by winter weather * are very aggressive - typical of ants in general * attack and sometimes kill newborn domestic animals as well as pets and wildlife - humans when their ant mounds are disturbed - in groups when disturbed - with no warning when their nests are disturbed or when the object they're on moves * build large mounds and come to the defense of a disturbed mound by the thousands. * build their nests in the lawn or sometimes in debris on the flat roofs of buildings - on school grounds * can also destroy seedling corn, soybeans, and other crops - discourage tourism and recreational activities * can be a problem where young children and pets want to play - nuisance pests - form balls on the water and float to new locations after a flood - gain access to home interiors through a variety of entryways - inflict hundreds of painful stings to children - interfere with outdoor activities and harm wildlife - rapidly re-invade the treated area from adjacent nontreated areas - reduce the productivity of grazing land - spread very quickly * carry soil into structures they nest in. * cause one to two deaths a year in Florida - problems with almonds, table grapes and citrus * chew up crops, too. * collect certain seeds while foraging. * consume many types of food. * disperse naturally through mating flights and mass migrations of colony members. * feed on honeydew, sugars, proteins, oils, seeds, plants and insects - many things, including insects, oil from seeds, meats, grease and honeydew - seeds and young plants * feed on the oil and ingest the toxicant - twigs and bark of young trees, sometimes girdling the trees * have a definite impact on the environment - unique venom, which is an oily alkaloid mixed with a little protein - an amazing defense system against stomach poisoning * infest the eastern two-thirds of Texas. * interfere with hay harvesting and maintenance of pastures and recreational turf areas. * invade Australia - compost piles and mulched flower beds seeking warmth and moisture - lawns and gardens, causing damage and unsightly mounds * is an ant - the name of several species of ants that inflict painful, burning stings * kill livestock and have also been known to kill humans. * like to nest in open, sunny yards that are mowed and watered regularly. * live in anthills that go deep into the ground - colonies in nests in the soil - underground tunnels * love it and are a real problem in growing and harvesting okra - to nest in home lawns, parks and ornamental turfgrass areas * mate all at one time. * migrate after a rainfall, and so do the nematodes. * move a pupa. * open the nest, begin to forage for food, rear more workers, and care for the queens. * pack a powerful sting that can raise a painful red rash on people and animals. * parlay their queens into a threat to biodiversity. * pose a serious threat to people and pets. * prefer oily and greasy foods. * recognize each other as individuals through odor. * tend to be on the move in warmer weather. * thrive in disturbed habitats, including construction sites. + Fire ant, A new home: Ants * In the United States, fire ants have no natural predators or competitors. Native animals are not adapted to these ants. Fire ants are very aggressive. Their colonies can have many queens unlike many other ant species. Because of this, fire ants have spread very fast. By 1965, fire ant came up on the south eastern coast and as far west as Texas. University of Minnesota. There is a separate group of fire ants living in California - Jaws of damage * Fire ants attack in groups when disturbed. People often get many bites. Fire ant bites are usually not dangerous. Some people are allergic to fire ants. They may go into shock. This is called anaphylaxis	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Giant ant * Most giant ants have abdomens. * are among the hardiest and most adaptable vermin.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Harvester ant * Some harvester ants eat insects - other insects - have specially strong jaws for crushing seeds * Some harvester ants live in deserts - dry deserts * are an example of an ant species that eats seeds - known to aid seed dispersal via myrmecochory - much larger and make large bare areas with a single entrance hole to the colony - polymorphic with both major and minor workers - the preferred food of Texas horned lizards - very large and have a nasty and painful sting * assist in the distribution of plant seeds. * can bite and sting. * feed on seeds, which they gather in prodigious quantities. * gather and feed on seeds and other vegetation - store plant food * have a blunt stinger but can produce a painful sting. * make up the majority diet of horned lizards. Honeypot ant * belong to any of five genera. * Their abdomens are filled with food by worker ants. Other ants then extract nutrition from them. They function as living storage containers. This process is called 'plerergate'. Honeypot ants belong to any of five genera. They were first documented in 1881 by Henry C. McCook. Individual ant * are tiny and their brains are tiny. * run into other ants going the opposite direction. Male ant * Some male ants do have wings, but they tend to be slightly less noticeable. * appear only in very large or old colonies and die soon after mating with the new queen. * are generally winged and usually keep their wings until death - much smaller than females and have longer antennae * develop from unfertilized eggs. * die after mating. * have only one purpose, to mate with the fertile females - the sole purpose of mating with the queen Native ant * Some native ants have deadly sting. * are the biotic resistance that help defend areas from really high levels of fire ants. Pavement ant * Most pavement ants feed on plants. * are small black ants that feed mostly on proteins - very common in the eastern United States * feed on a wide variety of food - foods including other insects, greasy foods, and plants * like to nest next to and under sidewalks and other types of slabs. Queen ant * Most queen ants have years. * Some queen ants can live for many years and have millions of babies - have babies * Some queen ants live for many years * are able to bite with the little clipper like things on their mouths - several times larger than the workers - the largest ants in the colony * establish new communities, or nests, after their mating flight. * have wings, which they shed when they start a new nest Real ant * communicate with each other by a chemical system called pheromones. * use a variety of different approaches to find their way back to the nest - the Sun for navigation too Red ant * Most red ants cause damage. * Some red ants live in fields. * are on one side and black ants on the other. Soldier ant * Most soldier ants have abdomens. * protect the column by standing to one side with their jaws open.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Thief ant * All thief ants are white during their early stages, and later change to adult colors. * Most thief ants become household pests * Most thief ants cause crop damage * Most thief ants have antennas - characteristics - small colonies * Some thief ants enter homes - structures - feed on proteins * Some thief ants undergo complete metamorphosis * are named for their habit of stealing food from the nests of other ants - omnivorous * can be difficult to control - nest in homes and other buildings, and often invade during warm weather * farm a few species of honeydew-producing insects. * feed on protein and greasy foods such as nuts, meats, cheese, peanut butter and sweets. - follow characteristics * sneak in to other nests and steal broods.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Velvet ant * are active throughout the warm periods of the year - extremely aggressive - parasitic wasps - really wasps, and have just about the most painful sting around - solitary creatures unlike their cousins the bees - sometimes confused with the large ants but the females are wingless asps * get their name from the appearance of the females, which look like densely hairy ants. * look like large ants , but are wingless female wasps. * seen walking on the sand are all females. + Ant, Evolution: * Termites, though sometimes called 'white ants', are not ants and belong to the order Isoptera. Termites are actually more closely related to cockroaches and mantids. Termites are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction. The similar social structure is attributed to convergent evolution. Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps. Winged ant * are frequently confused with swarming termites. * cloud the fronds. * collect in windows and doors in the spring or summer months. * have a narrow waist, front wings that are larger than the rear, and elbowed antennae - four wings but the top wings are longer than the wings underneath - two pairs of wings, the anterior pair being much larger than the second pair<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ant: Worker ant * Most worker ants live in colonies. * Most worker ants perform duties - other duties * Some worker ants leave ant colonies - provide services * are dark, small, highly variable in size, aggressive, and sting relentlessly - often light to dark brown in color and usually have spots * are similar in shape and color, but are smaller and lack wings - but often are smaller and lack wings - wingless, sterile females * can bite and produce a painful sting but are generally reluctant to sting - travel up to the length of a football field booking food * carry food back to the colony so that other ants and the queen can eat - the bait to the queens that eat it and become sterile or die * feed the queen, fight off enemies, construct a maze of tunnels, and care for the young. * forage constantly during the warmer months of the season. * have relatively large heads compared to their bodies. * perform other duties, often depending on their age * seem to expend considerable effort sorting and consolidating the brood. * take the poison to their queen who becomes sterile.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Aphid * All aphids are female, and each gives birth to live daughters carrying embryonic granddaughters - females which reproduce asexually - have piercing, sucking mouth parts that they use to suck juices from plant tissue * Many Aphids also excrete a sticky, sugar-containing substance known as honeydew. * Many aphids are resistant to pesticides - can transmit viral diseases to susceptible plants - cause leaf discoloration, disfigurement, and occasionally premature leaf drop - prefer to feed on young, succulent growth - remove excess sap from plants and excrete it - shift from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction in response to environmental changes * Most aphids also excrete large quantities of a sweet, sticky substance called honeydew. * Most aphids are green, yellow or pink in colour - known as pests - tiny, inactive, and usually go unnoticed - wingless, but when colonies become overcrowded, winged forms are produced - destroy plants - eat plants - extend proboscises * Most aphids feed on ferns - foliage - grain - grow grain - infect leaves - plant juice - undersides - very selected species of plants and can cause serious damage to crops - has-part legs * Most aphids have egg stages - exoskeletons - eyes - hard exoskeletons - heads - projections at the rear of the abdomen called cornicles * Most aphids inhabit temperate zones - kill plants * Most aphids live in climates - on plants - lose ability * Most aphids possess compound eyes - threaten plants * Most aphids undergo oviparous reproduction * Some aphids affect beets - pansies - appear powdery or wooly because of a waxy covering * Some aphids are darker colors like brown - important vectors of plant diseases - located on gardens - plant-specific, preferring a certain plant over another - serious pests of crops and ornamentals when they reach high densities on plants - tended by sugar-loving ants - very important vectors of plant viruses * Some aphids become adults - excretion - sticky excretion - begin life * Some aphids carry bacteria - ladybird larvae - small larvae * Some aphids cause damage - galls - come into contact * Some aphids develop into insect pests - employ soldiers for protection - excrete excessive amounts of a sticky substance called honeydew * Some aphids feed on alders - diets - liquids - phloem vessels - resistant soybeans - roots - sugary liquids - surfaces - find on roses * Some aphids have a woolly or powdery appearance because of a waxy coat - antennas - host plants - hosts - parasites - predators - ranges - white spots or are completely covered with a white waxy powder * Some aphids have wide host ranges - years * Some aphids kill small trees * Some aphids leave fields - soybean fields - move from plants * Some aphids move into fields - wheat fields * Some aphids produce a protective coat of white waxy filaments - an odor that attracts ants - offspring - substances - sugary substances - release waxy fluid - reproduce more quickly on plants with high levels of nitrogen in their leaves and buds - require alternate hosts in alternate generations - serve as pests - shed skin * Some aphids spread diseases - virus diseases - suck fluid - take flight - transmit diseases * Some aphids transmit plant diseases - viruses as well * Some aphids use alarm pheromone - pigment. * ' are small bugs that feed on plants. Aphids cause more plant damage than any other insects. There are about 4,000 different species of aphids. * are found many places on earth. Aphids are most common in temperate zones. * can travel far in the air. For example, the lettuce aphid spread from New Zealand to Tasmania. They have also been spread by human transportation of infested plant materials * acquire barley yellow dwarf virus by feeding on infected plants - the virus by feeding on infected plants * alone cause tens of millions of dollars of damage to crops worldwide every year. * also arm themselves with defensive weaponry - attract ants - can infect healthy plants with viral diseases they have picked up from unhealthy plants - deposit honeydew on the plant surface, which encourages the growth of sooty mold * also excrete honeydew, which is emitted from the anus * also have a proboscis originating between and behind the forelegs - many natural enemies, including ladybugs, parasitic wasps, and hoverfly larvae - kill developing tassels and top leaves through their feeding - produce a sticky substance called honeydew, which encourages fungus and attracts ants - transmit many virus diseases between ornamentals - use bodyguard ants , which they pay with sweet honeydew excretions * appear as soon as the weather warms and they feed on new growth. * are a fairly common problem on apples. * are a favorite food for ladybugs - of lady beetles - ladybug's favorite food - major crop pest * are a major problem because they can transmit viruses to the plants - pest that live on shrubs, plants and garden vegetables - problem because they transmit viruses to the pea plant * are also a serious problem during cool weather - among the most insecticide resistant insect - among the most conspicuous and important pests in green houses and crops - and carry at least two diseases - as much a part of springtime as the first daffodil of the season - attracted by high levels of nitrogen in plants - believed to inject toxins into plant tissues as they feed - born pregnant, can reproduce without sex, and are fully grown in a week - common on house plant insects but fortunately, are easily controlled * are common on the tender young leaves on branch tips and on watersprouts - terminal growth * are common pests but are easily controlled - of canola during flowering stages - on uncurling fronds in potted plants - that can attack a variety of home garden and landscape plants - plant pests that feed by sucking plant fluids - considered the most important carriers of viral plant diseases - difficult to control with insecticides for a number of reasons - distributed world-wide, but they are most common in temperate zones - easy to spot because they usually mass together in small colonies on leaves and stems - effective transmitters of viruses * are especially difficult to control - troublesome because they spread the barley yellow dwarf disease - everywhere on new growth - harder to see, being extremely tiny, winged creatures - herbivores, and they eat juice and sugars from the leaves, stems and roots of plants * are important as carriers of diseases, especially viruses - enemies of plants, and are food for many small insects and other invertebrates - vectors of plant diseases, particularly viruses - insects that eat the sap from the plants on which they live - light green - little, oval, soft-bodied insects that literally can suck the life from plants - located in roses * are more common after insecticide applications have been made - troublesome during cool, dry weather - most active during the spring and fall when plant growth rates are high - on tips, buds and under leaves of plants * are occasionally a problem during seed fill * are one of the most common insects found on plants - pests in the garden - worst groups of pests on plants - type of example - pale green and have cornicles, or points, on the abdomen - parasitized by a small wasp species and are also susceptible to a fungus disease - parthenogenetic, capable of birthing clones without the hassle of sex - plant pests while ladybeetles are predators of aphids - potentially serious pests because of their ability to transmit viruses * are present in orchards whenever pecans are in leaf - more nearly year round on the roots than on the tops * are present on most plants, generally at non- injurious levels - at non-injurious levels - year-round on the roots - probably the most common insect found on roses in Louisiana - quite common and attack a number of trees and plants - rapid reproducers and can dry out and kill large swaths of trees if left unchecked - repelled by the foul smell and taste of rue - serious pests of peppers - slow fliers and can be caught quite easily - slow-moving insects that live in colonies on the undersides of leaves * are small flea size insects which suck plant juices - green colored lice-like insects that suck the sap and cause small malformed leaves * are small insects that cause twisting and curling of the stems and leaves - which feed on the sap of plants through fine tubes - oval insects in colors of red, green, or brown - soft insects that cluster on stems, leaves, buds and flowers - small, pear-shaped insects * are small, soft-bodied insects that can build to large colonies on tobacco - have mouthparts suited for piercing plant tissue - suck plant sap, often occurring in very large numbers - soft-bodies insects about the size of rice grains - stubborn predators that attach themselves to the vegetables - soft bodied insects that cluster at the branch tip and suck plant juices - soft- bodied insects - soft-bodied and vary in shape and color * are soft-bodied insects that often appear in clusters - show up on new shoots, crowns and undersides of leaves - use their piercing sucking mouthparts to feed on plant sap - with relatively long legs and antennae - soft-bodied, sometimes called plant lice, and feed by sucking juices of plants - sometimes pests of ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers - strict vegetarians - susceptible to almost every insecticide - tender-bodied sucking insects that usually feed on new plant growth * are the main pest problem when growing herbs - major pest of many vegetables in the coastal areas of California * are the most common insect pests on roses - of rose pests and are usually green, reddish or brown in color - pests associated with landscape plants in Alaska - other most frequently encountered pest * are the preferred diet for ladybugs and are sometimes commercially available - food for lacewings - vectors that spread the disease during a growing season - tiny brown or black bugs that show up in masses on the leaves of plants * are tiny insects that come in many colors and suck plant juices from the leaves - with a green to reddish tint found on the main stem of the tomato plant - insects, though easily visible - tiny, sap-sucking insects that gather in masses on the undersides of the leaves - true bugs - two to three millimetres long, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap - unlike most insects in two ways * are usually a problem early in the season - more of a problem in greenhouse stock - of greatest concern in nurseries, seed orchards, and shade and ornamental trees - small, yellow or green flys * are usually the first to appear and are found under dark green, wrinkled leaves - only pest problem - vectors for several virus mosaic disease organisms * are very common plant pests, and often work in a symbiotic relationship with ants - prevalent - small, but very destructive pest that feed on plants - susceptible to fungal diseases in humid weather - tiny soft-bodied insects which suck juice from cabbage family plants - vulnerable to almost all insecticides * attach themselves to a plant by inserting a fine stylet from their proboscis into the plant. * attack nearly every species of plant - seedlings - the young, growing foliage and buds, feeding on plant juices * avoid plants mulched with foil. * bear a pair of tubes at the tips of their abdomens that resemble tiny exhaust pipes. * breed only in the fall. * build to high populations in mid-summer. * can also be a serious problem, especially during cool weather - carry a number of plant viruses - crop up occasionally * can be a nuisance problem at times - problem if they become too numerous * can be green, brown, golden, orange, red, white, grey or black - yellow, brown, red, or black - particularly numerous following summer rains - quite prolific and can reproduce faster than any other insect - blow in and migrate for long distances so they are usually an annual problem - build up rapidly on the undersides of cabbage leaves * can carry and spread diseases - viral diseases to plants * can cause distortion of new growth or, in extreme cases, infested plants can be stunted - galls, curled leaves, swollen branches, and discolored or wilted leaves - leaf yellowing, leaf drop, stunting and seedling deaths - stunted and deformed plant growth - develop pesticide resistance easily - devitalize the plant or branches if they are abundant - disperse great distances when carried by wind - distort the shape and appearance of leaves - do considerable damage and cause diseases on indoor and outdoor plants - efficiently spread the virus within a field, resulting in high rates of infection - give birth ten days after having been born themselves - have simple or complex life histories - infest pea plantings causing yield loss as well as transmitting virus diseases - occasionally be a problem - occur in large numbers very quickly * can produce several generations per year - tremendous populations within a short period of time * can reproduce both sexually and by cloning - by asexual production - rapidly, so once infestation begins it is likely to get severe - sometimes be a problem - stunt growth, deform and discolor, or cause leaves to drop prematurely * can transmit mosaic viruses - plant diseases too - the plum pox virus from fruit to leaves * carry cucumber mosaic virus from infected cucumber plants to petunias - plant viruses from diseased to healthy plants * cause damage by piercing the tender plant tissue and drawing large quantities of plant sap - sucking the juices from the plant - distorted growth and deposits of honeydew on lower leaves - distortion of new growth, deposits of honeydew, and sooty mold - pecan leaves to curl and look chlorotic - serious problems to sugar beet production worldwide - sticky pecan leaves - the most damage when ears become infested before or at flowering * cluster on buds, leaves and tips of shoots - leaves, causing the leaves to curl and become distorted * cluster on the underside of leaves - undersides of leaves, on succulent stems, and on flower buds * come in a variety of colors - many colours such as green, yellow, brown, pink or black * commonly attack beech trees - distort currant foliage causing red spots * concentrate on plants with soft tissues and on new shoots and leaves of many trees. * constitute a large group of small, soft-bodied insects - an economically significant group of phytophagous insects * consume liquids - only plant material and are most often found on their host plants - virtually every part of the plant, including stalks and flowers - xylem * continue to be seen at low levels on cole crops in many areas - feed on the dandelion whilst the seeds mature - increase in irrigated cotton * developing on potatoes are much more likely to acquire and transmit potato viruses. * disfigure new growth. * distort the leaves and transmit viral agents. * draw sap from plant tissues using mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking. * drink sap , a sticky fluid that carries nutrients through the plant. * eat plant sap to extract the protein and sugar it contains * especially thrive in rank plant growth caused by excessive nitrogen. * excrete a sugary liquid called honeydew - substance called honeydew on the leaves which can cause sooty mold - waste produce called honeydew - sweet, sticky liquid called honeydew - large amounts of honeydew, which collects on fruit and foliage * expel sticky, sugary honeydew, which supports growth of a sooty-colored mold on leaves. * favor rapidly growing tissue such as buds and shoots. * feast heavily on the new growth of shrubs and vegetables. * feed by inserting their beaks into stems, leaves, or roots, and sucking the plant juices - mouthparts into tender new leaves from which they suck plant sap - stylets into the phloem * feed by piercing plant tissue and sucking plant sap - the phloem tissue of the host plant and sucking up the sap * feed by sucking sap from buds, leaves, twigs and developing fruit - their hosts - up plant juices through a food channel in their beaks - caterpillars * feed in buds and flowers and on the undersides of lower leaves of the plant - clusters and generally prefer new, succulent shoots or young leaves - on a variety of flowers and vegetables * feed on a wide range of greenhouse crops - plants, and in severe cases the plant fails to thrive - fireweed and the ladybird beetle feeds on the aphids - new growth on vegetable, ornamental and houseplants early in the growing season - phloem sap by inserting their stylets directly into sieve elements of the phloem * feed on plant juice - juices, then excrete a sugary solution called honeydew * feed on plants by sucking plant sap from the leaves, twigs or stems of plants - terminal growth and the underside of the leaves * feed on the foliage of host plants, sucking the sap - leaves with their piercing-sucking mouthparts - young shoots, stems, undersurfaces of leaves, buds and flowers - upon the plants on which they live, sucking juice out of the foliage, stems or roots * feeding on developing leaves also can produce leaf curl injuries - flower buds and fruit can cause malformed flowers or fruit * feeding on the dayflower can easily transmit the virus from the weed to the food crop - grain heads can reduce yields as well as test weight - leaves drop large quantities of honeydew * fight back. * find the young oak leaves juicy and nourishing. * frequently alternate from one host to another. * generally overwinter as fertilized eggs - serve as a valuable early season food source for insect predators * give birth to live young - living young and populations build up rapidly * go from asexual to sexual in times of stress. * have a lot of enemies - pair of tubes at the tip of their abdomens that resemble tiny exhaust pipes - rather complicated life history - unique lifecycle - wide host range, but show preferences for barley, sorghum and corn * have many generations a season - per year and populations increase rapidly * have many natural enemies including lady beetles and birds - such as the lady beetle and lace wing - that usually keep their numbers down - piercing, sucking mouthparts and feed from plantphloem tissues * have piercing-sucking mouthparts and cause damage by sucking plant juices - that draw plant sap from leaves when feeding - mouthparts, and feed on juices of host plants - tailpipes - the ability to reproduce rapidly and many generations are produced in a year - thin legs and long, thin antennae - tiny tailpipes, called cornicles * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * infest milkweed plants - nearly all types of indoor, greenhouse, garden and ornamental plants * ingest the fluids from tender leaf or stem tissue of the plant, robbing it of nutrients. * insert their proboscis into phloem when feeding. * lack the mobility to find their way back to the plant when they've been disturbed. * leave behind a sticky, thick substance known as honeydew. * like to feed on suckers. * linger on leaves of green. * live a few weeks to a few months - and breed quite independently and can fly around * love to eat our plants and there are several bugs out there that in turn, love to eat aphids - suck the life out of peppers, especially young plants * make two kinds of probes on leaf surfaces, test probes and feeding probes. * molt and leave shriveled white skins amid the colony. * multiply rapidly - very rapidly * normally give birth to living female nymphs. * occasionally become a problem and cause needles to become curled - infest iris but cause little injury * occur on almost all types of trees and shrubs. * often become numerous during the winter months - congregate on new tissue and can be found deep within the plant near the growth whorl - hide under leaves and near petioles, the stalks that attach leaves and stems - walk from plant to plant * pick up the virus as they feed on the sap of infected plants. * pose a risk because they can spread viruses. * prefer actively growing plants and the tenderness of the most recent plant tissue - moderate temperatures with a little bit of moisture * prefer the newest leaves of plants, and are often found on the last two leaves unfurled - undersurface of the leaves and young developing buds as feeding sites * produce a sugary substance called honeydew - honedew, which sweet, sticky substance that can encourage mold * provide a food resource for the ants and ants provide protection for the aphids. * range in color from light green to dark brown and black. * reach higher levels in blocks where terminal growth continues well into the summer. * readily fall to the ground if disturbed or if plants are shaken. * rears the insects in insectaries. * remain active, especially in fields where only a pyrethoid has been used. - quickly, and infestations can occur overnight - rapidly, giving birth to live young - very quickly and are found in colonies - without mating and are viviparous rather than laying eggs * respond well to insecticidal soap, and, mixed with sulpher, controls mildew as well. * return in the fall to peach trees to overwinter. * secrete a sticky material called honeydew as they feed. * secrete a sticky substance called honeydew, which is very attractive to ants - on the leaves called honeydew - substance known as honeydew, which collects on the surface of the lower leaves - honeydew, the plants become sticky, and sooty mold develops * seem to be more prevalent in crowded conditions with rapidly growing, succulent plants - find their way into every garden - thrive under dry conditions * sometimes feed in groups between the folds of lettuce leaves. * sound an alarm when they're in trouble. * spread plum pox by carrying the virus in a nonpersistent manner - the viruses from the seed-infected plants to healthy plants * spread virus and cause distorted growth - of common bean mosaic * suck and feed on the sap of their host - out plant sap , turf turns an orange color * suck plant juices and are usually found at the stem tips - can build up to fairly heavy infestations - in large numbers can cause stunting * suck sap from apple and pear trees - leaf veins and worms suck plant fluids from roots * suck sap from the plant and can cause new growth to be distorted - can cause new growth to be stunted and distorted - the juices from the tenderest tips * suck the sap from snapdragons, leaving behind sticky honeydew - out of tender plant shoots and leaves * tend to attack plants that are stressed - avoid alfalfa plants that have hairy leaves - be caught in the middle vertical columns - congregate on new plant growth - multiply when the weather is cool - spread rapidly from field to field transmitting a number of viral diseases * thrive by the force of their numbers - when the nitrogen in the plant sap is high * transmit several virus diseases to pepper and tomato - the disease from plant to plant * transmit the virus from diseased plants and weeds to healthy plants - infected papaya plants to healthy plants * typically feed externally on the plant and are easy to spot. * use both fight and flight, and everything in between, to protect themselves. * usually are found in the terminal or on flowers - feed in dense groups on leaves or stems, although they can sometimes be found singly - leave the tree by late spring, flying to alternate summer host plants - reproduce asexually, with aphid mothers giving live birth to their young * vary in color from green, yellow, red, purple, brown, or black. * weaken plants by sucking juices from their tissues and can spread disease. + Hoverfly: Flies * Aphids alone cause tens of millions of dollars of damage to crops worldwide every year. Hoverflies are important natural enemies of these pests, and can be used in biological control. Some adult syrphid flies are important pollinators.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| aphid: Apple aphid * are green, black legged, with short antennae and cornicles. * is an aphid Bean aphid * cluster on stems and under leaves. * dark olive green to black aphid. * has a dull, mattelike appearance while the cowpea aphid is shiny.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| aphid: Blackfly * Blackflies are a nuisance and cause itching bites - vector for diseases of humans, turkeys and wild birds - aphids - fond of the young, sappy growth at the tips of fava bean plants - found near water and can also be found in the Arctic region - gnats - small black flies with a humped appearance that are pests of man and animal - breed in running water so are most abundant in early summer - hatch in the early spring from the very streams in which the trout await - have broad wings with all the obvious veins in the anterior part of the wing - usually emerge * Some blackflies are disease vectors. Cabbage aphid * are rare, and when found, tend to only occur in small patches near the crop edges. * have a gray, waxy coat and can be winged or wingless. Citrus aphid * Most citrus aphids live in climates. * Some citrus aphids have ranges. Female aphid * Some female aphids produce offspring. * are parthenogenetic , or capable of virgin births, no males required. * can reproduce without mating. * produce live young, particularly during the summer months. Green aphid * Most green aphids feed on ferns - foliage * Some green aphids affect pansies - find on roses * Some green aphids have wide host ranges Honeysuckle aphid * are very small and easily overlooked. * tend to congregate on new plant growth. Pea aphid * All pea aphids are female throughout spring and summer. * Some pea aphids have hosts. * are common wherever legumes are grown, especially in the Red River Valley of Manitoba. * extract sap from the terminal leaves and stem of the host plant. Soybean aphid * Most soybean aphids have egg stages - heads * Some soybean aphids cause damage. * Some soybean aphids develop into insect pests * are a significant pest of soybean production in the plants native home in Asia - all females and produce all live females young * suck sap from the plant, which drops onto leaves as honeydew. Winged aphid * fly to plant beds or fields, where they produce a wingless form of the insect. * leave small grains in search of a suitable host. * migrate in swarms when the infestation is severe. * move to the top of the plant late in the spring. * start the ball rolling. Wingless aphid * Some wingless aphids move from plants * are olive green with a reddish-orange area at the base of the cornicles. Yellow aphid * Some yellow aphids feed on surfaces. * are characteristically yellow in appearance. * can be a problem, and young trees are slow to come into production. Apple maggot * is an insect * spend the winter in the pupal stage around the base of apple trees.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Aquatic insect * Many aquatic insects are sensitive to environmental changes in streams and rivers - have a very short adult phase in their life cycle - spend at least some part of their life cycle in the streamside forest * Most aquatic insects eat plants. * Most aquatic insects go through nymph stages - have roles - provide food - remain underwater in the immature stages and leave the stream only as adults * Most aquatic insects spend almost their entire lives in water - the greater part of their lives as larvae * Some aquatic insects are collectors which trap bits of debris to eat - eat fleas * Some aquatic insects eat tiny fleas - water fleas - fall into water - have projections - use methods * are found only in freshwaters and the shallow brackish waters of estuaries and bays - insects that spend most of their lives in water - modified in many ways for life in the water - noticeably absent from the undersides of all nest rocks - one of the trout's primary diets - the most important food of most stream fish * begin as nymphs then turn into duns and finally die as spinners. * can be useful indicators of environmental quality - breathe underwater * consume air - the stored air while under water or use it to regulate buoyancy * eat much of the debris from plants * feed on benthic algae which is enhanced by nutrient additions. * fly to find water to live in. * go from being water breathing bottom crawlers to air breathing flies. * have a short but critical adult stage, during which reproduction occurs * live most of their lives underwater as nymphs or larva. * make up the majority of a fish's diet. * spend most of their life in water. * transform to their adult forms. * undergo simple metamorphosis or complete metamorphosis. Assassin bug * Most assassin bugs are generalist predators in gardens and fields. * Some assassin bugs are excellent predators of the large bollworm larvae. * is an insect Backswimmer * are other predators that can also inflict a strong bite. * fly readily from pond to pond. * have dark bellies - the ability to live on land or water * swim upside-down on their backs just under the surface of the water.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Bed bug * All bed bugs mate by traumatic insemination. * Most bed bugs go through stages - have pads * Most bed bugs live for months - several months * Most bed bugs survive for few months * Some bed bugs drink blood - feed at nights - survive years * are a growing problem in schools and daycares. * are active at night and generally hide during the day - mainly at night - only at night, usually just before dawn - also capable of feeding on animals, including dogs, cats, and other pets - attracted to the carbon dioxide emitted by their hosts - experts at hiding - found across the globe from North and South America, to Africa, Asia and Europe - insects and therefore have six legs, three on each side - located in beds - nocturnal, that is, they feed at night, often biting people who are asleep - oval, flattened, wingless, and red-brown in color - parasites that feed on the blood of certain animals and people - pests of domestic animals, bats, wild birds, and man - small insects with oval shaped bodies, six legs and two antennae - small, brownish, flattened insects that feed solely on the blood of animals - true bugs - very resilient and can easily survive for several months or more without a blood meal - wingless bloodsuckers of birds and mammals * bite hosts. * can live in almost any crevice or protected location - survive many months without a blood meal and they reproduce in an unusual fashion * evolve in a process called simple metamorphosis. * have ability * hide in more than just mattresses. * infest houses. - in folds of mattresses and bed covers * mate in a bizarre process called traumatic insemination. * occur throughout the world.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Bedbug * are a very rare occurence in California - attracted by warmth, and they generally feed during the night, often just before dawn - found worldwide, but are most common in developing countries - likely live in carpets and mattresses - mainly active at night and can feed without people noticing - nocturnal in habit and like to hide during the day - often more red in color after feeding - parasitic insects found living on carpet or a bed - resourceful and opportunistic insects - secondarily flightless true bugs * bite people without getting caught and cause itching, rashes and allergies. * can live for six months without feeding. * can survive for up to six months without food, they caution - one to several months, depending on temperature, without a blood meal * cause considerable irritation and loss of sleep in afflicted individuals. * feed on birds only at night and only for a short time. * get their name because they like to hide in bedding and mattresses. * leave itchy, red bites on the skin, usually on the arms or shoulders. * live in various places, but particularly in dirty mattresses and bed linen. * tend to leave straight rows of bites. * The name 'bed bug' is used as the bug likes to live in houses, and especially in beds or other areas where people may sleep. Bedbugs are mainly active at night and can feed without people noticing. They leave a small itchy bite, like a mosquito.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Bee * All bees also have the basal tarsal segment wider than the following segments - defend their hives, but Africanized honeybees react more defensively with less cause - develop from the same genome - have the ability to clean their hives - help flowers to grow * All bees love all flowers - some flowers - start life as an egg laid in a cell in the honeycomb * Discover their unique life cycle, and physical adaptations for life inside a beehive. * Many bees are black or gray, but others are bright yellow, red, or metallic green or blue - hairy and have yellow and black or orange and black warning colors - parasitic, and regularly lay their eggs in the nests of other kinds of bees - live in old or dead wood, often in tunnels created by wood-boring beetles - remain in the supers during honey removal - work together to produce and form the wax that becomes their home * More bees means more effective pollination in gardens and crop fields. * Most bees adapt to climates - climatic conditions - local climatic conditions - also depend on plants for shelter - appear in colonies * Most bees are member of hives - solitary nesters * Most bees become adults - pollinators - can give a painful sting * Most bees carry dry pollen - dust * Most bees collect nectar - substances - come from hives - consume pollen - contain proteins - defend territory * Most bees depend on honey - destroy fruit * Most bees drink flower nectar * Most bees eat honey - meals - syrup * Most bees emerge as adults - from holes * Most bees enter flowers - escape from hives * Most bees feed in flowers - on nectar * Most bees feel vibration - wind - find places - follow queens * Most bees get energy - food - go to hives * Most bees has-part eyes - mouthparts - wings * Most bees have abdomens - compound eyes - exoskeletons - intelligence - jobs - legs - life stages - lifespans - mass - movement - pollen mass - properties - resistance - short lifespans - stingers - vision - workers * Most bees help flowers - hide in hives * Most bees invade fields - keep colonies - leave hives * Most bees live in climates - colonies, but some bees live by themselves - environments - habitats - regions - societies - temperate climates - trees - tropical habitats - on continents * Most bees love flowers - herbs * Most bees make beehives - enzymes - structures - move pollen - occur in colonies * Most bees perform a sickle dance to indicate intermediate distances - tasks - pick up sound * Most bees pollinate blueberries - cactus flowers - crop plants - crops - female flowers - lilies - nature - orchards - sunflowers - water lilies * Most bees possess beehives - bodies - venom - prefer crops * Most bees produce offspring - other products * Most bees provide food - pheromone - pollination services * Most bees reach adulthood - maturity * Most bees receive food - genes - nourishment * Most bees release alarm pheromone * Most bees require food - resemble bees * Most bees return to colonies - entrances * Most bees seek cavities - serve as pollinators - shake wings - share pheromone * Most bees spread pollen - steal nectar * Most bees suck flowers - sugar * Most bees survive temperature - through the winter, but Hornets die out every winter - survive, the hornets are toast - take nectar * Most bees thrive in areas - natural environments - transfer pollen * Most bees undergo complete metamorphosis * Most bees use acacia flowers - cactus pollen - usually die at colony * Most bees visit bushes - clover - day flowers - garden flowers - red clover - tubular flowers - walk on legs * S are the only insects that make food for man. * Some bee queens collect pollen - bees appear in gardens * Some bees are inside bushes - located on nests - social and live in colonies, while others are solitary * Some bees avoid people - predators - become queens * Some bees belong to families - genus * Some bees build mud walls - thin walls - carry drones - cause extinction * Some bees collect floral oils instead of nectar - come from forests - consume honey - derive from eggs - destroy cells * Some bees develop into adults - die in hives * Some bees eat bees * Some bees emerge from forests - homes - nest tunnels * Some bees enter Florida - escape from beehives - extend tongues * Some bees feed diets - larvae * Some bees feed on insects - plant pollen - follow people - go home at night, but others stay to drift asleep inside the hold of a flower * Some bees have areas - bones - defence - enemies - few weeks * Some bees have metallic appearances - sheen - numerous enemies - peculiar sleep habits - pouches - strategies - thoraxes - hear people - help development * Some bees invade hives - kill horses - leave colonies * Some bees live alone and meet other species members only briefly to mate - for years * Some bees live in boxes - counties - hollow trees - parks - savanna * Some bees look for nest sites - potential nest sites - lose ability * Some bees love all flowers - only flowers * Some bees make bees - clusters - secretion - mate with queens - nest in the ground * Some bees occur in Florida * Some bees pollinate bushes - gardeners - grass - snapdragons - stamens - vegetation - pose threats * Some bees possess cells * Some bees produce different reaction - honey from flower nectar - jelly - royal jelly * Some bees provide drones - remove bee mites more rapidly than other bees * Some bees require homes - rain - resemble insects - rest on plants - return to holes - secrete waxy substances - seek water - shed skin * Some bees sit in trees - spread colonies - suck water - take places - threaten people * Some bees thrive in forests * Some bees use heat - leaflets - liquids - metabolic heat * Some bees visit forests - work with honey * act autonomously, influenced by local conditions and local interactions with other bees. * actively try to remove the lice. * adapt their body structure in a way suitable for extraction of honey. * add the enzyme invertase to convert sucrose to the simple sugars glucose and fructose. * adore the blossoms of the redbud and flock around the tree in the spring. * also collect pollen - drink water * also gather pollen from corn, but the corn gets nothing in return - resin from other trees to seal their hives with - get nectar from the flowers they visit * also have a stinger at the back of the abdomen - exemplary social instincts bee colonies are much like families - three simple eyes, called ocelli, that are grouped together near the top of the head - make honey from the nectar of plants which is collected by bee keepers - nest in tree hollows and dry caves - pollinate many cultivated plants - probvide a valuable ecological service through their role as a pollinator * also provide venom, which is used as medicine - wax, which has almost unlimited uses - respond differently to electric shocks given with and without anesthetic - see in the ultraviolet range - symbolize the sweetness, abundance, fertility and organization of life - tend to focus their energies on one species of plant at a time * also use chemicals to signal outside the hive - it as a natural antibiotic, antiviral and antifungal agent * also use odors to help locate their hive, or their new home after swarming * always come back to their home - share food * are a four-winged insect, capable of producing wax and honey - part of the Life of our planet * are a vital contributor to human life - part of making a garden grow - able to fly for the reason that many smaller birds can also fly * are absolutely dependent upon nectar and pollen for food - essential for pollination - actually very essential to the way the ecosystem works - aggressive pollen collectors in temperate climates - all about pollen * are also a source of concern - heavily-treated with antibiotics, thus weakening their immune systems - important vectors for many species and mangrove forests are used for honey production - well known for communicating through the use of pheromones * are an essential element in nature's work, both as pollinators and honey producers - excellent example of symbiosis known as mutualism * are an important aspect of the ecology of any habitat - natural resource - as directly the outcome of bright light as flowers are * are attracted to the bright colors of flowers - color and dive into the liquid and drown - mangrove flower's sweet scent - bees and bison are bison, maybe just a little bigger depending upon the age of the animal * are beneficial insects because they produce honey and pollinate crops - that pollinate fruit trees and other plants - insects, helping pollinate flowers and vegetables - since they pollinate most fruit crops - best motivated to collect pollen when they have young, uncapped brood - busy foraging - complex little insects and there are many behaviours they display - creatures of habit, and tend to work flowers in groups - dependent on pollen as a protein source and on flower nectar or oils as an energy source - easiest to handle when there nectar flow - easily amongst the most important insects to humans on Earth - effective pollinators - entirely dependent on flowers for food * are essential for crop pollination - pollination, so be mindful when using insecticides to kill pests - proper pollination to occur - the production of big trefoil seed - transferring pollen from male to female blooms * are essential to cucurbit pollination - food production and their numbers have declined in recent years - our food system and they are dying at alarming rates - the pollination cycle of many flowers and plants - examples of palynivores * are extremely sensitive to many commonly applied insecticides - varied - fairly burly, as insects go - fond of thyme, and thyme honey of Sicily has been famous for hundreds of years - four-winged social insects which collect nectar and pollen and produce wax and honey * are generally very docile as they go about their normal activities - go about their notmal activities - go about their work - guided by sight and smell - highly social creatures - holometabulous insects * are important components of natural ecosystems and play a big role in their functioning - in agriculture as crop pollinators - pollinators of fruit trees and other flowering plants * are important to Tennessee agriculture - help new plants grow * are in a heightened state of readiness when they are close to hair or fur - danger of disappearing from our environment - the insect category that is in the arthropod category - independent, mobile entities working together for the benefit of the hive - indicative of the biodiversity of a region - indispensible for apple production - insects and have the stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult - intelligent and social - invaluable to man in the pollination of food crops - less likely to become disturbed if the proper tools are used - likely to be present throughout the flowering period - literally everywhere - main pollinators of magnolia * are more active and more alert for more hours of each day - angry on cloudy, dark rainy days in early spring of the year - comfortable in winter - important than poultry in terms of human nutrition * are more likely to attack dark colored clothing and the color blue - sting in gloomy weather than on bright sunny days - sensitive to salts than humans, but less sensitive to bitter flavors - most active on bright sunny days - much more likely to respond to an object in motion than a stationary one * are necessary for cross-pollination between two different tree fruit varieties - pollinating squash and pumpkins and are killed by insecticides - the pollination of all cucurbits * are necessary to pollinate the female flowers - the natural function of the ecosystem - one of our most important insects because they pollinate our plants, trees and flowers - our most abundant, prolific pollinators of open space * are particularly active in spreading the bacteria - fond of rosemary - pollinators vital to our food chain - pollinators, which essentially means that they collect pollen and sip on nectar - primary pollinators of kidneyvetch - reluctant to visit and pollinate thrips-injured blossoms - robust bodied, hairy insects with four wings - robust, hairy insects - sensitive to odors, both pleasant and unpleasant - short lived - stimulated to attack by vibrations, dark colors, hair, and carbon dioxide - subject to several important diseases - symbolic of teamwork and productivity - terrific fliers * are the chief pollinating agents - earliest domesticated animals * are the main pollinating agents, assisted by other insects and by wind - pollinators of daisies - pollinators, but self-pollination also occurs - major pollinators of many food crops * are the most important group of pollinators for agricultural and native plants - pollinators in nature * are the only insect that make food people eat - insects mentioned as pollinators of kudzu - pollinating workhorses of the world - primary pollinator for kiwifruit * are the primary pollinators of caraway flowers - fennel - many plants - principal pollinators - symbol of fertility and sexuality - usual pollinators - world's most important plant pollinators - thick-waisted - thirsty - useful to the plants they feed on - usual palletized, they are often migratory and pollinate in most locations - valuable because they cross-pollinate flowering plants and fruit blossoms - very eager for the pheromone and lick it off the body of the queen * are very important creatures - to the rain forest - interesting insects - sensitive to smells - widely studied insects with regard to their visual system - vital to bio diversity * bearding is like people sweating. - disoriented and stop flying * belong to the Animal Kingdom. * breathe through a complex structure of network of tracheas and air sacs. * bring home nectar that is about the consistency of water and only a little bit sweet. * brush the brilliant clumps And yellow powder Of acacia blossoms. * build around a red trace - comb from the bars which are wide enough to give proper spacing between combs - their honeycomb by instinct * buzz around the bulbous blooms of bell heather and more delicate stems of ling heather. * can and do live in almost kind of climate - as much as double some fruit and vegetable yields - be pests at the sugar-water feeders - build colonies on any structure or plant in a yard - carry nearly their own weight in nectar and pollen - cause a life-threatening allergic reaction in some people - communicate with other bees by dancing - crawl and tend to get inside clothing and beneath many types of veils * can distinguish colours, shapes and scents of flowers - their best vision is at the ultra violet end of the spectrum - plant species by microscopic textural features on petals - end up expending vast amounts of energy just getting from their abode to their food source - enter and establish a colony inside any small exterior opening of a house - find things by odor or visual clues or both * can fly for up to six miles, although one or two is more common - four to five kilometers and therefore can transport pollen for that distance - help by the honey they make - learn flower patterns and complex routes to food - memorise at least six locations, and three paths leading to each - reach the concealed nectar in flowers that have intricate structures * can see dark colors better than they can see light colors or white - ultraviolet light - tell the difference between sugar and saccharin - thrive in backyards if gardeners plant blossoming trees, bushes, flowers, and vegetables - transport pesticides, herbicides, and DNA through the air into the environment - pollen from one plant to another when they collect both nectar and pollen * carrying a recessive gene can pass it on without expressing the trait. * change nectar in the beehive. * cluster within the hive. * collect nectar, which contains carbohydrates, from flowers and take it back to their hive * collect pollen and nectar in the spring when most plants are in bloom - for protein and nectar for carbohydrates - in their pollen baskets and carry it back to the hive - to use as food for their young * collect the nectar and evaporate it down to make honey for winter supplies - wax with the little hooks on their legs * come along to take pollen to make delicious honey * comes from belly related via the mother's side. * communicate by vibration and chemical cues - to each other by doing a dance * communicate with each other about food sources using dances - by touch, sound, and chemicals - one another very effectively * consume honey to generate heat * content themselves with gathering the honey dew from the leaves but certain ants go farther. * convert nectar into honey. * create honey through the use of their digestive enzyme, invertase. * cross boundaries. * crowd the plant when it is in flower. * dance to communicate. * dance to tell other bees where to find nectar - others where to find food - the hive where to find flowers - when they have found nectar - their nests from predators by biting or stinging * deliver beneficial micro-organisms to strawberry flowers. * develop an innate sense of where the picnic food is, especially on warm summer days. * die after they sting as they leave part of their body behind with the sting - for their fellow bees, disemboweling themselves upon stinging an intruder - naturally after stinging a person * differ in their behaviors at blueberry flowers. * dislike it, and it is said to drive away flies and fleas. * do a lot of good by pollinating flowers - and so do some Snakes - fly and did fly - in fact recognize human faces, but their vision is much better than that of tarantulas - play a critical role in pollinating flowers and other plants in gardens * do the work of cross-pollinating our orchards and many crops - moving pollen from the male to the female flowers * don t see red, but do see blue, yellow, and ultraviolet. - pollen and produce a wax which is used to build their combs and nests - the nectar found within the flower that they pollinate * eat their store of honey in the winter, when there is no food - inthe winter, when there is no food * emit constant and modulated electric fields during the waggle dance. * expend intentional purposeful energy to build elaborate hives - less energy moving between clumped lilac blossoms * feed on nectar and female bees gather pollen, as well - pollen from flowers * feed on pollen also - and honey, which is made from nectar - pollen and nectar to their young - suitable places * float drowsily in the summer sun. * fly from flower to flower collecting nectar - gathering nectar, which they make into food, benefiting the bees - less for a collection, and during the heat sit under the migratory board - upwards of a mile from the hive, but always fly directly back * forage on cloudy days by detecting complex patterns of polarized light in the sky - littleleaf linden flowers * foraging on tansy ragwort produce bitter honey tainted with alkaloids - yellow starthistle flowers produce a flavorful high quality honey * frequent the flowers, and birds often nest in the branches. * frequently abscond. * gather large quantities of nectar from the flowers - pollen and nectar that they find in the blossoms - the substance and use it to maintain a sterile environment in the hive * give honey. * go around from flower to flower picking up some pollen and leaving it on another - there when they get loose * have a barbed stinger at the base of their abdomen which carries their venom - that remains in the victim's skin tissue - highly developed social culture - much greater armory of defenses against attacks than simply their stingers - single barbed sting, similar to a harpoon - special dance to tell the other bees where and how far away a flower is - vibratory dance * have amaze engineer skills - among the most sophisticated repertoires of behavior of all invertebrates - an inherent ability to groom themselves free of the varroa mite - another amazing ability related to aging * have barbed stingers and leave their stinger in the skin - which are left in the victim - certain dances to tell other workers where the nectar is located - difficulty - diverse nesting and social habits - experience - eyes that see ultraviolet radiation as well as visible light - flat and wide legs and wasps have rounds and waxy legs * have hairy bodies and wasps are smooth and hairless - body and legs, whereas wasps have smooth bodies and legs - long range and a rather powerful sting, and are great bombers - many positive effects on the environment - methods - protrude mass - sentinels, gobies sentinel their nests for from six to nine days - six legs and three body parts - stomachs - that aspect of their honeycomb structures down pat * have the ability to see some UV rays, and dogs and owls can see some infrared - turn the nectar from flowers into honey, which is stored in their hive - two sets of wings, flies only have one set - vision that is shifted toward the blue end of our visible spectrum * help flowers and flowers help bees, etc, etc, etc - in polinating crops, gardens, and fruit trees - plants to reproduce through pollination - set as many of the early vigorous blossoms as possible - their hives abandoning their tasks * hunt nectar. * improve habitat for other wildlife by keeping plant communities healthy. * include bees. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - vacuoles * inhale the fumes, killing the mites. * intentionally collect both pollen and nectar. * is an insect * learn and communicate in a variety of ways. * leave a stinger embedded in the skin * lift wings. * like to be under dry moss and in wooded areas. * like to nest in gardens and orchards - on the underside of platforms and branches, and in treeholes and boxes - colonies that contain the queen bee, the worker bee and the drone - geometric wax hives - hives they make honey from nectar - the hive in the winter - total darkness while inside the hive * live on continents - stored honey and pollen all winter, and cluster into a ball to conserve warmth - together in a hive * living in colonies function much like a well-run factory. * look for other sources * love catmint and so do many cats and small dogs - cotton blossoms * love it, and clover makes attractive and robust ground cover - as do butterflies and hummingbirds * love the flowers - purple flowers - tiny flowers - delicious honey from the nectar, and quail and squirrels eat the seeds * make honey from flowers - nectar that they collect from flowers * make honey from the blossoms, and various wildlife eat the fruit and twigs - nectar they get from flower blossoms - pendulous clusters of white, fragrant blooms * make honey to eat - feed their young and so they have something to eat during the winter - within the trunk - honey, insects pollinate flowers - honeycombs in the same way through the millennia - no attempt to heat the entire hive - our honey and are essential for the pollination of many crops * making extra honey are happy, happy bees. * move between blossoms to collect nectar for sustenance - from flower to flower, gathering nectar - pollen from flower to flower so vegetables and fruits can grow and develop * naturally groom themselves free of the varroa mite - work to take care of the hive and make honey * need abundant nectar - supplemental food * nest in hidden places - holes in wood, in broken stems, or they nest underground in holes - under houses and in holes, walls, hollow objects, or even piles of rubble * nesting habits vary greatly. * normally attack first around the face and eyes - live for about thirty days, but infected bees survive for only three to five days * often cluster on the front of their hives on hot evenings - collect large quantities of water to dilute the honey they feed their young - die between foraging area and colony - forage on wild mustard and other weeds in bloom - look like they have two wings * only live about six weeks. * perform other vital ecological roles in addition to pollination - rigidly separate functions * periodically go out together and have a communal poop. - the pollen and from there it gets into the food chain * play a crucial role in maintaining thriving plant communities - the pollination necessary for fruit production - vital role in the pollination of fruits and vegetables - matchmaker with the flowers, doing all the work of pollinating during early growth * pollinate alternating rows of almonds varieties - more plants than any other insect * pollinate the disk florets - white clover in our pastures - various flowers - five eyes - to attack wood that is greater than two inches thick * prepare an unusually large store of honey before a severe winter. * produce heat by digesting honey. * produce honey and beeswax * protect themselves by fighting enemies. * provide an example of how cooperation within species type of interdependency * react to loud sounds and vibrations like someone slamming a door. * release a chemical when they sting - fluid * rely on the magnetic field to find their way from flowers to the hive - powdery stuff for food * remove the scales under the stimulus of a nectar flow or feeding. * respond to sugar by extending their tongues. - their hives, freighted with nectars * rub against the strips, killing mites clinging to the bees. * see all colors except the color red - primarily the blues in the short end of the color spectrum * seem to be uninterested in the flowers of the pawpaw - prefer warm, brackish water over cool, fresh water * share environments * show activities - no interest in pawpaw flowers * sip honey from flowers and hum their thanks when they leave. * sometimes choose to nest in inconvenient places. * stay close to the hive. * sting creatures - victims * stop flying when their wings get wet. * store honey in honeycombs that consist of hexagonal wax cells - their venom in a sac attached to their stinger and only female bees sting * swarm around looking for food - in the spring and fall - when their colony becomes too large - the nectar that they like and make it into honey * target the head and eyes. * technically flap their wings above their backs. * tend to attack dark things. * tend to be attracted especially to flowers that are blue, purple, and yellow - more mild-mannered than wasps - congregate there - move from bottom upward - nest in the same area year after year - prefer flowers that are ultraviolet, blue, purple, or yellow * then transfer conidia to healthy flowers. * transfer pollen from male flowers to the female flowers, making fruit set possible * travel up to a mile one way in search of flowers. * turn the nectar into honey. * typically are fuzzy and carry an electrostatic charge. * undergo an interesting process to ensure the healthy development of their young * use a variety of materials to build their nests - alarm pheromones to signal other bees to attack intruders - chemical password to show kinship * use it for building new comb and capping off ripened honey - to construct and repair the hive, blocking invasions of fungi, bacteria and viruses - poppies as a pollen source * use propolis as a natural sealing agent, building material, and natural antibiotic - to coat the hive entrance * use the angle of optical flow to compensate for the wind - flowers to produce a mild, sweet-flavored clover honey - honey to feed the larvae during the winter * use the pollen from flowers as food - to rear their spring broods - sun in navigation * use their incredibly good visual skills to seek out bright colors in the landscape - tongue to such up nectar from such flowers as roses and hydrangeas - up a lot of energy flying around - vibration to aid pollen collection from non-poricidal flowers - water in their food and for cooling the hive * usually approach children with a sweet scent - have to fly long distances and trace large areas to find food - leave their barbed sting in the skin and die - occupy the nests for several years * utilize a cavity for a nest. * visit the blossoms freely for nectar and pollen - flower for the nectar secreted largely at the base of the perianth - male bloom where pollen sticks to their bodies * wander around flowers of the trees. * wet the pollen with saliva making it less likely to be transferred to a plant. * work hard to produce the sweet honey that people have always loved to eat - in and between flowers in the warmer parts of the day - longer and harder * work the blossoms all day long, until well after sunset if the weather is good - crop well for nectar and obtain some pollen from it - themselves to death producing honey - very hard and they are very proud of their bee hive - white clover blossoms for both nectar and pollen + Bee, Bee bodies: Hymenoptera :: Symbols of Kansas * Also like other insects, bees have three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. Many bees are hairy and have yellow and black or orange and black warning colors. + Honeycomb: Hymenoptera :: Foods * A 'honeycomb' is a container made by bees out of wax that they produce. The bees make a honeycomb as a place to keep their honey. Bees make honey from nectar that they collect from flowers. After bees collect nectar from flowers, and make it into honey, the bees then put the honey in the small six sided areas of the honeycomb. Each hexagonal section tessellates with the rest. * Bees' are flying insects of the Order Hymenoptera, which also includes ants, wasps and sawflies. There are about 20,000 species of bees. Bees collect pollen from flowers. Bees can be found on all continents except Antarctica. + Insect, Insect bodies: * The abdomen is the back part of the insect. Inside the abdomen is the stomach, the heart, and the excretory system where body wastes pass out of the insect. Bees also have a stinger at the back of the abdomen - Insects and people * Some insects are useful to us. Bees make honey. The larvae of some moths make silk, which people use to make clothing. In some parts of the world, people actually eat insects. Eating insects for food is called entomophagy + Instinct, Biological function: Psychology :: Ethology * Instinct is a built-in need to do something. A baby bird automatically throws its head back, opens its mouth wide, and screams for food. It is an instinct. Baby bats automatically cling to the cave wall. Grasshoppers naturally spit out the things in their stomach on predators that try to eat them. Bees naturally work to take care of the hive and make honey. Butterflies inherit preferences for laying their eggs on certain plants.plant their young need to eat, and that's where they lay their eggs. Animals are born with these instincts, and they follow their instincts without conscious thought. + Pollen, Pollination: Flowers :: Plant anatomy * Bees help plants. They spread pollen from flower to fower. Other animals that spread pollen are butterflies, birds, and bats. + Tutu (plant): Cucurbitales :: New Zealand * The toxin is in the sap of the Tutu bush. This sap is eaten by the hoppers, but not all is digested. The undigested sap which contains a lot of plant sugars as well as tutin is excreted as honeydew onto the leaves of the bush. Bees then gather the honeydew and toxic honey is the result.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Africanized bee * are endemic in parts of Texas and Arizona - harder to handle - honeybees - just one of several subspecies of honey bees - less selective than our native bees when choosing nesting sites - much more aggressive in defending their hives than are European bees - present in southern Arizona - smaller than European honey bees and swarm at a younger age * build in exposed locations more frequently than do European bees. * can be a life-threatening risk to animals and their owners. * fly faster than domestic bees, making it more difficult to escape by running. * have small colonies, so they can build nests in unique places. * look just like regular honey bees, but they are highly aggressive. * produce honey but are harder to handle. * pursue their predatory intruders for much longer distances than European honeybees. * react to disturbance around the hive.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Bumble bee * Some bumble bees belong to families. * are generally larger and have heavier bodies. * are important pollinators of native prairie plants - wild flowering plants and crops * are large, hairy, black and yellow insects - robust bees covered with dense black and yellow hairs - located in meadows - much less aggressive than honey bees - social and nest in existing cavities, usually on or in the ground * are social insects and live in colonies - that live in small colonies in the ground - the other major foraging bee evident on flowering shrubs and lawn clovers - very common * become rarer in southern Florida. * can appear a little furrier than honey bees. * eat nectar, sap, pollen, and fruit juice. * form their colonies in existing cavities. * have a hairy abdomen while carpenter bees have a hairless, black shiny abdomen - queen that produces drones, workers and other queens - hairy abdomens, which are usually yellow and black - yellow hairs on the other abdominal segments as well * hold pollen on their hind legs like the honey bee. * like to nest in thick grass, abandoned rodent nests, or abandoned furniture. * live all over the world. * nest in the ground. * pollinate many wild flower species that birds and small mammals rely on for food. * produce annual colonies in South Carolina. * use old mice burrows, cavities in buildings, and other locations to make their nests. * visit crown vetch flowers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Bumblebee * All bumblebees have a sting , as hive bees do. * Most bumblebees live in small groups , which generally last only for a year - groups, which generally last only for a year. * groups, which generally last only for a year. They collect pollen as protein for their young, and themselves eat nectar. They are extremely hairy, with a covering of soft hairs called a 'pile' * also seem less prone to the diseases currently plaguing the honeybees - work at low temperatures and under cloudy skies * appear as characters, often eponymously, in children's books. * are Northern Hemisphere animals - almost as hard to find today as honeybees - better pollinators for blueber-ries but are more expensive to get - common, large, slow moving bees - effective because they are so big, and they carry more pollen - especially effective in pollinating red clover - important pollinators of both crops and wildflowers - larger and stronger than honeybees - less dependant on the weather during inflorescence - often larger and certainly hairier - plump and covered with black and yellow hairs - poor for fruit, because their populations are very small early in the season - shown gathering pollen and making their nests and viewed in contrast with honeybees * are social insects living in groups - that form colonies with a single queen - insects, but produce an annual colony - the only native bees that are highly social, like honeybees - useful pollinators inside greenhouses - valuable in Massachusetts for pollinating cranberries - varied in appearance, but are generally plump and densely furry - very tolerant and co-operative animals to work with * bring tomato pollen to their larvae in the hive. * enjoy the nectar from the cream false indigo in spring. * gather nectar to add to the stores in the nest, and pollen to feed their young. * get their food almost exclusively from flowers, and are active pollinators. * go into a kind of frenzy when feeding on the nectar of the prickly pear. * grasp the tomato flower and vibrate their thorax to shake the pollen loose. * have a salivary gland that mixes pollen and nectar it collects with saliva it secretes - small wings in comparison to their body - some yellow hair on the top of the abdomen - two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes - yellow and black body hair on all body parts * help flowers to reproduce. * live in colonies in the summer and assist in pollination of clovers for seed production. * nest in soil or piles of dead leaves. * often nest in the ground, but can be found above ground around patio areas or decks. * only make small amounts of a honey-like substance to eat themselves. * pollinate the flowers by forcing their way into the tightly closed petals. * prefer partial shade for nesting. * queens appear to maintain dominance purely by aggressive behaviour - produce wax to build cells in their burrows * see a different wavelength of light to humans, known as UV light. * seem reluctant to sting, and appear to do so only if they feel really threatened. * shiver their flight muscles to generate heat and trap the warmth in their velvety fur. * stand for mathematical order, unpredictability, anger, fear, and creative abundance. + Bumblebee, Sting: Hymenoptera * All bumblebees have a sting, as hive bees do. However, the bumblebee sting does not damage it when used, and they can sting several times. However, they rarely do sting, unless really threatened.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Carpenter bee * Most carpenter bees feed on nectar. * Most carpenter bees have life stages - visit flowers * Some carpenter bees feed on plant pollen - have appearances * Some carpenter bees have metallic appearances - sheen - pouches * Some carpenter bees look for nest sites - potential nest sites * are another common example of a solitary bee - bigger and much more robust than the bumblebees - generally larger - gentle creatures * are large bees that closely resemble bumble bees - bees, resembling bumble bees - large, solitary creatures - other wood destroying insects that can be found in Maryland - prevalent throughout the United States - relatively easy to control - robust, heavy bodied bees that range three-quarters inch to one inch in length - the most efficient pollinator, much more so than honey bees - very docile * attack primarily bare, unpainted softwoods. * can become a nuisance by boring into the wood in houses during the spring. * cause damage to wooden structures by boring into timbers and siding to prepare nests. * drill through wood and nest in it. * get their name from the ability of the female to bore into wood. * get their name from their ability to drill through wood and nest in it - woodworking skills * have a much rounder body with a hairy thorax and a shiny abdomen - an abdomen which is shiny, metallic and black in color - no pollen baskets on their hind legs - whereas female bumble bees do * inhabit every continent except Antarctica. * leave sawdust as they drill into wood to make their nests. * look similar to bumblebees, but their abdomens are black, shiny, and hairless. * make their nests in beams, rafters, telephone poles and other wooden structures. * nest in dry wood and occasionally hollow stems - excavated wooden tunnels - wood, such as dead tree trunks, firewood or exposed wood on structures * prefer softwoods such as redwood, cypress, cedar, and pine tor nesting sites - to nest in softwood, such as cedar, cypress, pine, and redwood * sting victims. * tunnel into wood to lay eggs. Caucasian bee * Most caucasian bees have resistance. * are notorious for their heavy use of propolis, especially at the hive entrance.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Drone * Most drones have eyes - reproductive functions - mate with queens * Some drones have stingers. * also have civilian uses, such as for firefighting. * are abundant for mating in the fall, and weather conditions are optimal for mating - fertile male honey bees * are haploid and have one allele - clones, gaining all of their genetic material from their mother * are larger than workers and have bigger eyes - workers, but smaller than queen honey bees - larger, male bees - male, while workers and queens are female - part of bagpipes - raised in cells that are significantly larger than the cells used for workers - retired aircraft modified for remote control flight - stout male bees that have no stingers - the colony's male bees * are the male bees and their sole function is to mate with the queen, after which they die - caste of honey bees - noisiest of the honeybee clan, producing a loud buzz as they move around - only male bees in the hive - product of unfertilized eggs laid normally in the larger cells of the comb - wasps that are bigger than men * become sexually mature about twelve days after emerging and die instantly upon mating. * come from non-fertilized eggs. * die after successfully mating with a virgin queen - they have mated - immediately after mating * exhibit the cordovan characteristic with only a single cordovan allele. * fly from the hive and mate in the air with queens from other colonies - where people reside - large eyes used to locate queens during mating flights - no stinger, pollen baskets, or wax glands * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * live the shortest lives of the three castes of honey bees. * mate only once in life, then die * usually live five to ten weeks. + Unmanned aerial vehicle * Even though some drones are operated by a computer, most of them are controlled remotely by people on the ground. UAVs are mostly used by military forces, for example for reconnaissance or unmanned combat. Some of them are programmed to be a target, to be shot at, for example. Drones also have civilian uses, such as for firefighting. Drone bee * Most drone bees have eyes. * Some drone bees mate with queens. * are completely useless for everything except reproduction. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee \| drone: Male drone * emerge in the late summer, which quickly die after finding a queen to mate with. * lack stingers and are kept until reproduction is complete. * live only to mate with the queen, who is the only fertile female in the colony. European bee * Most european bees adapt to climates - conditions * have almost no resistance, and the mite has proved fatal to millions of colonies. Female bee * are all diploid and are produced through fertilization. * have no interest other than collecting food.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Honey bee * All honey bees travel in swarms when searching for new nesting sites. * All honey bees undergo complete metamorphosis, but the time from egg to adult varies by subspecies * Most honey bee queens live for years. * Most honey bees collect pollen - feed on nectar * Most honey bees have compound eyes - exoskeletons - methods - movement - skin - vision * Most honey bees live in climates - environments - habitats - societies - temperate climates - tropical habitats * Most honey bees produce other products - return to hives * Most honey bees thrive in environments - natural environments * Most honey bees undergo complete metamorphosis - visit flowers * Some honey bees consume honey. * Some honey bees have bones - effective strategies - kinds - make honeydew into a dark , strong honey , called honeydew honey - powder their feet as they leave the hive to gather nectar from flowers * Some honey bees use heat - liquids - metabolic heat - visit yards * appear to be satisfactory pollinators of A. sinensis. * are a major agricultural resource - vital link in U.S. agriculture * are an essential component of the agricultural environment - excellent source of honey and beeswax - important pollinator of many plants - as vital to many crops as water, fertilizer, and sunlight - beneficial insects - by far the most important pollinators of both cultivated and wild flora - capable of sting - essential for successful cucumber pollination and production - extremely effective pollinators - golden or yellow-brown in color - good pollinators for many reasons - hairy * are important for proper, complete pollination and fruit set - pollinators because they can be managed and easily moved to crop sites - like flying Velcro - more closely related to ants than to butterflies and moths * are most important because they pollinate fruit crops and many flowering vegetables - likely to sting when an established colony is disturbed - one of the most familiar social insects - perennial insects with colonies that survive more than one year - responsible for pollinating a variety of fruits, vegetables, legumes and more - sensitive to unusual odors, such as cut grass, and to loud vibrations * are social creatures and live in colonies - somewhat smaller in size with light orange or tan and black coloration - subject to parasites and diseases * are the bees with the best public image - best pollinating agents of raspberries * are the chief pollinator of fruit trees - visitors to black medic flowers - main pollinator used in kiwifruit vineyards - major pollinator * are the most important agents in the pollination of the radish - pollinators of many fruits, vegetables, flowers and crops * are the only bees that keep the same nest year to year - insect that produces food eaten by man - stinging insects that leave a stinger in the wound - primary pollinating agents * are the primary pollinators of berseem - rapeseed - visitors to sesame flowers - single most important pollinators of flowering plants - unlikely to make many repeat visits if a plant provides little in the way of reward - unusually industrious insects * are used commercially to pollinate watermelon crops - produce honey * are usually necessary for commercial production of highbush blueberries - very good at protecting their colonies from moth larvae - very adaptable * are very important insect pollinators - pollinators of many plants - much a part of the modern American agricultural picture - social in that they all live together in home, or apiary * can learn to associate olfactory stimuli with a sucrose reward. * cause concern under two circumstances - more deaths in the United States every year than snakes, sharks or jellyfish * collect flower nectar and convert it to honey , which is stored in the hive - nectar from different floral sources * convert nectar from plants into honey which is also chemically similar to sucrose. * derive their protein nutrition from pollen. * detect and destroy diploid drones after the eggs hatch. * die after they sting someone. * do little dances to communicate to fellow bees. * enlist a caste system to accomplish the tasks that ensure survival of the colony. * fail to update their solar ephemerides after a displacement. * fan their wings to cool their colony. * feed on nectar and pollen from flowers * forage on yellow sweet clover and staghorn sumac flowers. * gather propolis from trees and other vegetation - water they use to dilute honey to be fed to larvae and to cool the hive * generate heat by consuming honey and shivering their muscles. * have a barbed stinger and usually leave it behind at the site of the sting - sophisticated method of communication - variant of the same foraging gene that controls the onset of foraging behavior - barbed stingers that usually remain in the sting - barbs on their stinger which remain hooked in the skin - lots of little hairs on their body - such magnet-like things, as do some birds and some dolphins - tiny barbs on their stinger that remain hooked in the skin * help crops grow by pollinating plants. * increase the number of colonies and the probability of survival by swarming. * leave behind their stinging sac and venom sac. * leave their hives and do very well in hollow trees - stinger behind when they sting, which kills the bee * live in a colony of many individuals whose joint effort is required for survival - dangerous world - bee hives - large family groups called colonies - sophisticated, well organised societies * live, breed and produce honey in a hive. * make a series of vertical honey combs made of wax - and do things that are helpful to humans - honey from nectar found inside the flower blossom - wax and shape it into honeycombs * move from site to site by swarming. * need carbohydrates - supplemental food * nest in a wide variety of places, especially Africanized honey bees - large cavities such as hollowed-out trees * obtain greater rewards of nectar or pollen from some plants than others. * play a critical role in agriculture - part in the production of an estimated one-third of the typical American diet * pollinate many types of plants, including vegetables, fruit trees and flowers - more flowers than any other insect * produce a gummy substance called propolis, which they convert from tree sap - beeswax from eight paired glands on the underside of their abdomen - honey, pollen and beeswax and pollinate many valuable crops - numerous products that are useful to man * provide honey and pollinate crops. * queens naturally store semen for several years. * rely on their sense of vision to locate flowers. * reproduce by swarming where part of the old colony leaves to seek a new homesite. * require a balanced diet. * seem to be suitable pollinators * spend a great deal of time resting and patrolling. * stay in hives during the winter, and form clusters when temperatures fall. * store honey they can consume later. * swarm as part of the colony s reproductive process. * tend to be covered with pale yellow fuzzy hairs without a distinctive stripe pattern - most active in spring, when they are collecting pollen - defend their new home against any inexperienced intruder * use caves, rock cavities and hollow trees as natural nesting sites - pollen and nectar from plants as the sole source of food - two systems of feeding larvae * visit New England aster and chrysanthemum flowers. * visit a wide variety of flower types - wider variety of flower types than any other insect - flowers to collect pollen and nectar for food - pears primarily for pollen * visit the flowers eagerly for both nectar and pollen - freely + Honeydew: Botany :: Insects * Honeydew is collected by some insects, such as some wasps and bees. Some honey bees make honeydew into a dark, strong honey, called honeydew honey. Honeydew honey is valuable in parts of Europe and Asia because people think it can be used as a medicine. + Thermoregulation, Ectotherms: Physiology :: Zoology * Many supposedly cold-blooded animals do things to keep their temperature higher than the surrounding air or water. Fast-moving fish, like tunny, and some sharks, keep their temperature above the level of the surrounding water. Reptiles such as lizards and snakes sit in the sun when they are cold and in the shade when they are hot. Some insects control their temperature, especially colonial insects. Honey bees fan their wings to cool their colony. However, many smaller invertebrates do not control their body temperature at all.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Honeybee * All honeybees are social and cooperative insects - insects and live together in nests or hives * Can Think. * Most honeybees are known as bees - looked after by beekeepers, but there are some wild colonies - eat nectar * Most honeybees have defense - possess pheromone - spread pollen * Some honeybees have native pollinators * Some honeybees leave enemies - natural enemies - use mandibles * act together to generate heat. * actually use dance to communicate. * alone are responsible for pollinating one-third of U.S. crops. * also pollinate foods important to wildlife - our flowers, fruit trees and vegetable blossoms - produce beeswax and other byproducts, such as bee pollen and royal jelly * are a huge industry in Australia worth tens of millions of dollars a year. * are also more orange, whereas yellowjackets are distinctly yellow - useful as pollinators * are an example of nontarget organisms - important component of our agricultural economy - especially useful in pollination because of their social nature - essential for pollination and fruit development - fascinating and beneficial insects - fuzzy, are orange and black, and have a thick waist - harmless unless disturbed - highly social creatures - important to many crops and play a major role in the food supply - insects and as such are very, very susceptible to insecticides - light golden brown, and their bodies are covered with fuzz * are more highly specialized in life habits and structure than grasshoppers - honey colored and covered with fuzzy hair - like dogs - most active during warm, sunny hours * are native to Africa and Western Eurasia - Europe, Africa, and the Middle East - necessary to ensure adequate pollination - our most important pollinators of commercial crops * are social insects that live in hives - large colonies - insects, living together in highly organized colonies - the best pollinators available * are the most important natural carriers of pollen - producers of honey - only insects that produce food for humans - too busy to sleep * are valuable animals - to farmers for the pollination of crops * are very efficient pollinators of flowers and crops * are very important in the pollination of crops - pollinators, and are the primary pollinator for many plants - to farmers, who often have their own colonies or hives - popular in the chaparral biome * attack only when there danger to themselves or their nest. * build large hives out of wax, high up in trees or cliffs. * busily visit yellow and white sweet clover blossoms to gather nectar and pollen. * can do the waggle dance without learning it from other bees, so it is an innate behavior. * carry pollen from flower to flower. * collect and consume nectar and pollen - nectar to make honey to use as a food - pollen on their bodies while they gather nectar to make honey * communicate by dance the direction of a food source without formal instruction - dancing - through a language of dance, sound, and smell * die after they have stung as their stinger is barbed and sticks in the skin * do a dance which alerts other bees where nectar and pollen is located - leave a stinger attached to the skin if they sting - sting, but they only sting once * establish and maintain specific sites on the comb for their waggle dances. * extend their proboscis when learning about novel odours. * feed on nectar from the inconspicuous flowers. * feed on the flowers, producing what is reputed to be a choice grade of honey - nectar and pollen produced by flowers * forage during daylight hours, but are equally active on cloudy or sunny days. * gather pollen for food - propolis, a resin, from tree bark and leaves * generally leave the stinger behind. * have a remarkable social organization, most of which is maintained by odor cues - type of hair on their eyes - barbed stingers that are left behind in their victim's skin - chewing mouthparts used primarily to mold and form the wax of their colony - innate defense - right antennas that are more sensitive to smells - six eyes - tiny baskets on their legs for carrying pollen back to the hive - two jobs * help to pollinate our crops' flowers while gathering their food - with pollination * hum loudly on the flowers. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * leave their stingers in the wound and die after stinging. * like to hover above clover and near flowers. * live in hives or colonies - together in large groups called colonies * love to visit the sweet-smelling blossoms, spreading pollen from flower to flower. * make and do things that are helpful to humans - lots of honey, which beekeepers can harvest to eat or sell * mark with scent and reject recently visited flowers. * nest in beehives - inside a cavity usually located above the ground and make a wax honeycomb * normally nest in dark cavities with small entrance holes such as a hollow tree. * perform attacks - two other types of dance * play a vital role in pollinating plants. * pollinate a small percentage of crops - squash and zucchini * produce another family of such proteins that are known as apidaecins - wax in the hive to build the honeycomb which is their home * provide an example of an extremely sophisticated process of nest-site selection - interesting example of learned behavior - wax and honey and also play a very significant role as pollinators * queens constantly release pheromones that regulate the activity of the hive. * rely heavily on pheromones to communicate throughout the hive. * stay warm by crowding together and moving their wings to generate heat. * swarm because they have outgrown the space of their winter home, says Art. * travel many thousands of miles in search of blossoms to make just one pound of beeswax - search of blossoms to produce a single pound of beeswax * use cavities, and so do carpenter ants - scent to locate flowers from a distance - our corn feeders, mistaking the corn powder for pollen * winter over by heating the colony. * work very hard. + Handedness: Motor skills * The scientists changed their minds when they found that it was not just humans who have laterisation. Many animals have it, too. Honeybees have right antennas that are more sensitive to smells. + Instinct, Overview: Psychology :: Ethology * Instinctive behaviours can be variable and responsive to the environment. Any behaviour is instinctive if it is performed without being based upon prior experience, that is, in the absence of learning. Sea turtles, newly hatched on a beach, will automatically move toward the ocean, and automatically swim when they are in the water. A joey climbs into its mother's pouch upon being born. Honeybees communicate by dance the direction of a food source without formal instruction. Other examples include animal fighting, animal courtship behaviour, internal escape functions, and building of nests. + Odor, Pheromones: Chemistry * Pheromones are odors that are deliberately used for communication. A female moth may release a pheromone that can entice a male moth that is several kilometers away. Honeybee queens constantly release pheromones that regulate the activity of the hive.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee \| honeybee: Africanized honeybee * are aggressive and can seriously attack and sting humans - different - much more protective of their beehive and more likely to sting - preyed on by ants, anteaters, and armadillos + Africanized honeybee, Behavior: Hymenoptera * Africanized honeybees are much more protective of their beehive and more likely to sting. When one of them get surprised or scared, they all attack together and sting the same animal or person with hundreds of stings. Actually, their sting is the same as a regular honeybee's, but because they sting all together, they are much more dangerous. They usually chase their target much farther than regular honeybees, and they stay angry and ready to fight for a much longer time. However, if left alone, they'll usually not attack. Hygienic bee * are bees that uncap cells that contain dead brood and remove it - useful for chalkbrood-free pollen production * uncap and eject dying brood from cells. Individual bee * are too weak to fend off hornets with bites and stingers. * can also be useful in detecting air pollution. Male bee * are called drones, and their sole purpose in life is to mate with a queen honeybee * confuse the larvae aggregate for a female and attempt to mate. * dance as well to attempt to win over the female. * emerge just before the females. * fly about the nesting area for mating purposes and the heavy flight causes concern. * move from one such flower to another in search of a mate. * sport black mustaches for picking up parsnip perfume. Male orchid bee * pollinate brazil nut tree flowers - orchids * visit flowers. Mining bee * are usually darker in color and smaller than the honey bees - valuable pollinators of spring crops * have one generation of adults per year in the spring.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bee: Native bee * Some native bees have enemies - numerous enemies - live alone * are classified into main family groups that are further divided into subgroups - everywhere across the country - important for pollinating native plants - much smaller than the European honey bee - solitary * can be very efficient pollinators of fruit crops. * excel at pollinating native plant varieties. * have amaze engineer skills - various nesting behaviors that are also used to identify their species * need abundant nectar * nest in vernal pools and pollinate pool flowers. Nurse bee * contain proteins. * eat pollen. * take care. Orchid bee * Most orchid bees pollinate orchids. * visit flowers - plants Pollen bee * Most pollen bees pollinate plants. * provide an alternative to honey bees, which face danger on at least two fronts. Wild bee * Most wild bees pollinate plants - transfer pollen * Some wild bees are more efficient pollinators of certain crops - can pollinate specific crops much better than honeybees do * Some wild bees live in hollow trees * manage to perforate the soft wood and lodge their honey in the holes. Worker honey bee * have stingers. * return to hives.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Beetle * All beetles are released once they have hatched - have six legs - metamorphosize from egg to larva to pupae and finally into an adult in a single season - undergo a complete metamorphosis * Many beetles also eat tree and shrub leaves. * Many beetles are also able to push nematodes away from the mouthparts with their front legs - beneficial insects - specific to certain plants * Many beetles can create beautiful patterns as they bore into the wood - fly with their second pair of wings - eat plant tissue only after it has been partially broken down by fungi - exist as grubs during the larval stage - feed on stored plant or animal products * Many beetles have beautiful colors and patterns in nature - specialized lifestyles, in that they feed on only one kind of plant - their abdominal spiracles on the dorsal surface, under the elytra - seek indoor refuges including homes, garages, sheds and outbuildings * More beetles mean more mass attacks on bigger, healthier trees. * Most beetles appear in gardens - regions * Most beetles are herbivores, fungivores, or predaceous carnivores in the larval and adult stages - herbivorous or predaceous and live in almost any habitat - known as beetles * Most beetles are located in logs * Most beetles become household pests - plant pests * Most beetles become serious pests - belong to families - can fly, although they do so in a slow, clumsy manner * Most beetles cause crop damage - little damage - most damage * Most beetles come from eggs - fields - ground - habitats - communicate with other beetles with chemicals - consume other insects - defend territory * Most beetles destroy leaves - do have wings * Most beetles eat aphids - bugs - decompose vegetation - flower plants - food - plant parts, either leaves or seeds or fruit or wood - substances * Most beetles emerge from colonies - pupas - sites - in springs * Most beetles enter buildings - next life stages - exhibit defensive reaction * Most beetles feed on aphids - asparagus plants - decay vegetables - foliage - materials * Most beetles feed on plant materials - soybean foliage - feel vibration * Most beetles find backyards - urban backyards * Most beetles get food - nutrition * Most beetles give birth to beetles * Most beetles has-part backs - bellies * Most beetles have ability - antennas - black spots - compound eyes - fairly regular life cycles, with one or more generations per year - fearsome appearances - glands - hard shells - heads - mandibles * Most beetles have many offspring - similarity - organs - outer shells - projections - ranges - roles - senses - thin legs - two hard mandibles at the front of their mouth which are a bit like teeth - very hard, tough structured exoskeletons * Most beetles have wide host ranges - hear sound - help plants * Most beetles hide in burrows - invade gardens * Most beetles kill plants - winter squash plants - live for years * Most beetles live in fields - terrestrial habitats - on earth * Most beetles make creak sound * Most beetles migrate to fields - only live for a year * Most beetles possess eggs - fluid - pincers * Most beetles prefer plants - soil * Most beetles produce antifreeze proteins - range in length * Most beetles resemble beneficial ladybugs - secrete yellowish fluid * Most beetles seek beetles - survive winter months - threaten trees * Most beetles undergo complete metamorphosis * Most beetles use antennas - long legs - powerful legs - strong mandibles - their legs to walk or run * Some beetles also carry a fungus on their body surface or in special pouches on their body. * Some beetles appear in Germany * Some beetles are a pest to man, feeding on fur, wool, hides, furniture, drugs and museum speciemens - effective as biocontrol agents which predate plant-feeding insects - good omens and some beetles are bad omens * Some beetles are known as hunters - weevils * Some beetles are located in Europe - compost - floors - messengers of good and bad weather - parasitic - attack wild plants - attract horseshoe bats * Some beetles become household nuisances - serious nuisances - sticky substances - begin life * Some beetles can become destructive pests - display extremely intricate behaviour when mating - eat both plants and animals, while others eat just one type of food - lay thousands of eggs during their lives * Some beetles carry mites - pathogen * Some beetles cause diseases - scars - trouble for farmers and people in forests because they eat crops or trees - visible scars - change color - chew holes - collect a supply of food for their larvae, and lay the egg in the ball of food * Some beetles come from colonies - consume miller moths - depend on rain * Some beetles destroy crops - lawns - develop very quickly and they can produce more than one generation each year * Some beetles do damage - extensive damage * Some beetles eat beetles - carpets - caterpillars - corn - dungs - embryos - flatworms - mosquitoes - oak trees - orchards - petals - small insects - tadpoles - whirligig beetles - emerge as adults * Some beetles emerge from cases - environments - nests - enter houses * Some beetles even behave similar to bees to confuse predators - eat slugs and the alien New Zealand flatworm - exhibit some rather peculiar behavior * Some beetles feed aphids - at nights - diets * Some beetles feed on deciduous trees - grain - grass roots - hardwood trees - hosts - leaf spinach - leaflets - locust trees - relatives - potato plants - follow pheromone - give special care to their eggs or larvae - glow in the dark * Some beetles go through complete metamorphosis * Some beetles has-part glands * Some beetles have adhesive pads - babies * Some beetles have black and yellow stripes so that they look similar to bees and wasps - bones - carapaces - chambers - discrepancies - disks - distinctive structures - filament - hard exoskeletons - horns - lobes - noses - over a dozen lobes in each testes - strong adhesive pads - symmetry - tiny larvae - very complex colours so that they look like bird droppings * Some beetles have wide black stripes - help farmers * Some beetles hide in flowers - groups - infect leaves - inhabit tobacco * Some beetles invade fields - residences - shores - kill larvae * Some beetles live in dead wood - jungle - layers - places that are hard for predators to find - tunnels - on plants - up to years - living in water eat small fish and tadpoles * Some beetles make debris - up food - move from trees - occur in Canada - pass through stages * Some beetles play in environments * Some beetles possess chromosomes - mechanisms * Some beetles prey on bullfrog tadpoles - produce chemical reaction * Some beetles produce explosive chemical reaction - hydrogen peroxide * Some beetles provide adequate protection - range in size - require wood - seek shelter * Some beetles show dimorphism - sexual dimorphism - spread organisms - take places * Some beetles transmit bacterial diseases - viruses * Some beetles use chemical insecticide * Some beetles visit flowers * account for one quarter of all known species of plants and animals. * aggregate on the silo for several days each fall. * also are characterized by chewing mouthparts - damage plants as both larvae and adults chew on plant tissue - die if the bark is removed by peeling or milling - feed on and kill newly emerged seedlings - have more protein than most other insects - remain in the soil on cold wet days - spread squash mosaic virus - to re-infest the same host until it dies * are a diverse order, and the effects of fire on beetles are variable - favourite food and it also eats caterpillars and slugs - major food item along with catepillars and earthworms - amazing creatures that are easily recognized by their shell-like exteriors - animals as are all insects and they reproduce sexually - capable of flies - conspicuous components of the insectan fauna associated with fungi - easiest to destroy when they are small larvae - fat oval with yellow-orange with black stripes * are found in just about every habitat - on land and in fresh water all over the world - holometabolous insects, normally with adecticous, exarate pupae - in their own order * are like all insects, they have a head, thorax, and abdomen, and six legs - rocks - more common in the coastal, higher rainfall areas - of value to humans in many ways - particularly a problem when they feed on the young shoots in the early spring - red to yellow with a black band around their outer edge - spread long dis- tances by road and rail traffic * are the adult stage of the life cycle, and they lay the eggs in the mealworm substrate - largest group of living organisms known to science, bar none - main pollinators * are the most common group found developing in firewood - diverse group of insects - speciose insect group - successful group of animals on our planet - tough animals for their size - very dominant as are termites * begin to emerge about the same time crab apple trees and lilacs begin to bloom. * breathe air. * breed in recently dead or dying pines. * can also eat crustaceans. * can be a lot like butterflies - noisy - both hurt and help the environment - build up rapidly in stored honey, especially away from protective bees * can carry disease organisms from plant to plant - the deadly oak wilt fungus to fresh wounds - cause serious losses in blueberries and brambles by feeding on fruit - crawl into houses and other structures, causing alarm by homeowners - emerge from infested firewood and attack living trees - harbor the bacterial wilt disease in their intestines overwinter - live on or in the ground, on vegetation, or in water - see ultraviolet light, making their sense of sight completely different from our own - wipe out entire forests * chew on asparagus tips and foliage. - in a huge variety of size, shape and color * come in many colours - shapes, sizes and colors - to dull, reddish brown flowers that smell spicy or like rotting fruit * comprise about a quarter of all known species. * consume insects * create usable soil for vegetation by eating animal waste, rotten wood, and animal carcasses. * damage seedlings. * deposit their eggs in the soil around the bases of host plants. * develop in a four-stage life cycle. - require a constant supply of moisture and love eating moistened bread * eat all kinds of food - insects, even slugs - small rounded holes in the leaves - the most when they are larvae * emerge during late spring and lay eggs-only one generation a year is produced. * exhibit bilateral symmetry. * exhibit defensive behavior that is mostly rooted in the attributes of their cuticle * exploit almost every ecological niche and exhibit a tremendous range in size. * feed and mate soon after emerging from the soil - then move about or leave the field - flowers and visit bacterial ooze - leaves and then lay eggs on bark - petioles, leaves and fruit, and a single adult can cause significant damage - plants, small insects and animal fibers, depending on species * feed on the spears and glue rows of black eggs, usually on the tips - stems and foliage of the plant * feeding on leaves usually chew out the tissue between the veins, leaving a lacey skeleton. * fly or walk from one field to another, and populations mix. * flying about late in an evening often foretell a fine day on the morrow. * frequently skin pods in late season and scar the developing seed within. * gather up the dung from canopy creatures and roll it away to their dung processing burrows. * go about their work underfoot. * have a big impact on the economy - lot of different ways to protect themselves from becoming someone else's lunch - pair of hard shells which cover their true wings - wide range of chemical defences, mostly got from plants their larvae eat - bodies with two segments * have chewing mouthparts and eat both plants and other insects - well-developed antennae - different methods - lots of roles - sexual reproduction , which means males and females mate in order to make offspring - thick, armor-like front wings that protect their bodies * includes air sacs - brains - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * inhabit every corner of the globe in all kinds of weather - nearly every part of land available * is an insect * lay eggs in the soil from late summer to fall. * lift their elytra out of the way in order to fly. * live everywhere. * live for between one and three months * live in a wide variety of terrestrial and freshwater habitats - small pits in leaves * move from flower to flower, consuming the petals before they eat the leaves - to cucurbits as soon as plants come up or are set out, and begin feeding and mating * often fight over the carcass, with usually the largest male and female individuals winning. * pick up the spores of the fungus disease, as they live in diseased elm wood. - powerful mandibles with which to bore through tree bark and wood - south-facing walls or crevices * pupate in groups on the undersides of lower leaves or in crevices. * quickly infest the tree, and the tree dies within a few weeks. * range across the complete functional and trophic range of the insects * release pheromone. * released after the summer solstice are likely to feed and overwinter without reproducing. * rely on their sense of smell for feeding and finding a place to lay their eggs. * remain infectious for at least three weeks. * secrete fluid - foul fluid * snug inside their trees. * soon mate and continue feeding throughout the season. * spend the winter as adults in leaf litter at the base of scale-infested plants. * spread the oak wilt organism by carrying spores to fresh wounds on healthy oaks. * start out as eggs that a female beetle lays. * survive labeled and reduced soil insecticide applications * swallow food. * tend to be more abundant on outer rows - swarm alfalfa when in full bloom * then transfer to toadflax pollen. * threaten environments * typically feed in groups on the top portion of host plants. * undergo a complete metamorphosis - from egg to larvae to pupa to adult * usually possess a thickened pair of forewings covering a membranous set of hind wings. + Beetle, Beetle bodies, Legs * The legs of beetles help them to walk, run, swim, and dig. All beetles have six legs. Each leg is made out of several parts. The parts on the end of each leg are called tarsi. Most beetles use their legs to walk or run. Some beetle legs are flat and have long hairs on them. These kinds of legs are found on water beetles. * The legs of beetles help them to walk, run, swim, and dig. All beetles have six legs. Each leg is made out of several parts. The parts on the end of each leg are called tarsi. Most beetles use their legs to walk or run. Some beetle legs are flat and have long hairs on them. These kinds of legs are found on water beetles. Beetles that often dig in soil have flat legs with spines or horns at the edges. Flat legs with horns are called fossorial legs. A few beetles have large hind legs, similar to those of grasshoppers, which help the beetle to jump * The mouth of a beetle is very different from the mouth of a person. Most beetles have two hard mandibles at the front of their mouth which are a bit like teeth. Mandibles help the beetle eat by crushing and cutting food. In some beetles, the mandibles look like big pincers. These fingers are called palpi - Wings: * Beetles differ from other flying insects because their front wings have evolved into hard covers, or elytra. The back wings are used for flying. They are thin and are kept under the elytra when at rest. Beetles lift their elytra out of the way in order to fly. A few species of true bugs have a similar arrangement - Beetles and people * Some beetles cause trouble for farmers and people in forests because they eat crops or trees. These beetles are called pests. One that destroys trees is the Emerald ash borer - How beetles grow * Beetles start out as eggs that a female beetle lays. Some beetles can lay thousands of eggs during their lives. A larva comes out when an egg hatches. Most beetle larvae do not look like adult beetles. A beetle larva eats and grows larger until it changes and becomes a pupa. When the pupa opens, an adult beetle, sometimes called an imago, comes out. * Beetles start out as eggs that a female beetle lays. Some beetles can lay thousands of eggs during their lives. A larva comes out when an egg hatches. Most beetle larvae do not look like adult beetles. A beetle larva eats and grows larger until it changes and becomes a pupa. When the pupa opens, an adult beetle, sometimes called an imago, comes out. This way of growing up is called complete metamorphosis. * Beetles eat the most when they are larvae. Some beetle larvae are predators, which means they hunt for other insects to eat. Other beetle larvae eat dead things, such as dead plants and dead animals + Beetle, What beetles do, Protection * Beetles are tough animals for their size. These include camouflage, mimicry, toxicity, and active defence. * Some beetles live in places that are hard for predators to find. Some beetles, such as longhorn beetles, live in tunnels inside tree branches. Only special predators that are small enough to use the long-horned beetle tunnels can eat the longhorn beetles. * Other beetles do not live in special places but they have colours or shapes that make them hard to find. When beetles have colours so that predators cannot see them, this is called camouflage. Some leaf beetles are green so that they can not be seen when they are on green leaves. Some beetles have very complex colours so that they look like bird droppings. * Some beetles have black and yellow stripes so that they look similar to bees and wasps. Some beetles even behave similar to bees to confuse predators. * Beetles have a wide range of chemical defences, mostly got from plants their larvae eat. These chemicals make them taste bad when predators eat them. Bombardier beetles squirt hot poisonous liquid at attackers. Lady beetles put out a cyanide compound when molested. Lady beetles also have colours that warn predators that they taste bad. Insects which taste foul use warning colours which birds learn to avoid * Some beetles give special care to their eggs or larvae. The female lays her eggs in the dung. When the eggs hatch, the larvae will eat the dung that their mother supplied for them	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Adult beetle * cause damage * eat leaves. * emerge from habitats * feed on decay vegetables * survive months - winter months Ambrosia beetle * lack the spine. * lay eggs on young stems and the larvae induce dieback during the winter. * make holes that allow other fungi to enter. Asian beetle * Most asian beetles become household pests - have spots * Most asian beetles undergo complete metamorphosis * Some asian beetles become nuisances - feed on pests - live up to years Asparagus beetle * Most asparagus beetles cause damage. * Most asparagus beetles feed on asparagus plants * Some asparagus beetles attack wild plants. Bark beetle * Most bark beetles cause damage - little damage - kill trees - lay eggs under the bark of trees that are already dead or dying * Some bark beetles feed on logs - kill thousands of trees in western forests each year * are beetles - insects * can quickly kill trees weakened by drought, disease, or improper cultural practices. * increase biodiversity while maintaining drinking water quality. * tend to follow as secondary pathogens and eventually cause the death of the tree. Bean beetle * become pests. * have complete metamorphosis * resemble beneficial ladybugs<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Blister beetle * All blister beetles contain the blistering agent cantharidin in their blood. * Most blister beetles have ranges. * Most blister beetles have wide host ranges * are a serious concern for hay producers and livestock owners - an occasional, isolated problem - common insects found feeding on the flowers and foliage of various plants * are gregarious and are often found in high numbers in localized areas of the field - often congregate in large swarms within alfalfa fields - narrow, elongate insects - occasional late-summer problems in Iowa alfalfa fields - slender, rather soft insects with a narrow thorax - soft bodied with leathery, rather soft fore wings - very poisonous to horses fed hay containing their dead bodies * can also be harmful, especially to livestock - be fatal if consumed by horses and can cause illness in cattle * come in many colors including black, gray, yellow, and metallic blue. * derive their name from the blistering agent cantharadin, found in their body fluids. * eat foliage * feed on alfalfa, potatoes, beans, and lupins. * get their name from the chemical, cantharidin, in their elytra. * have a complex life cycle that is characterized by several immature forms - an unusual life cycle - long, slender bodies with a relatively large head - seven instars and overwinter as mature larvae in the soil - wide ranges * produce cantharidin, a defense chemical toxic to livestock, particularly horses - which is toxic to people and animals - the highly toxic chemical cantharidin * tend to congregate in large numbers in small areas. Bombardier beetle * All bombardier beetles are predators, and are thus themselves agents of death. * Some bombardier beetles can direct the spray over a wide range of directions. * inhabit all the continents except Antarctica. Brown beetle * Most brown beetles make sound - use flowers * are a little more likely to survive to produce offspring. * survive to reproduce more than green beetles do.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Carpet beetle * All carpet beetles pass through the egg, larva, pupa and adult stages. * Most carpet beetles emerge in springs - occur as wild populations in Colorado * Most carpet beetles undergo complete metamorphosis * Some carpet beetles are dark in color - eat carpets - invade homes - extremely difficult to eliminate from a building - just as destructive and are more abundant than clothes moths in many areas - relatively slow to develop * can be detrimental to museum artifacts made with skin, hair or feathers. * develop more slowly on cereal products than on materials of animal origin. * go by a variety of names. * occur naturally outdoors and come into building from there. * tend to live outside the home. Cereal leaf beetle * cause crop damage * have ranges - wide ranges Click beetle * are nocturnal and, like many nocturnal flying insects, are attracted to lights - the adult life stage of wireworms * have a hinged thorax, so if they get turned upside down, they can flip back upright - an amazing ability to flip themselves upright from their backs * range in size from a few millimeters to over an inch.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Cucumber beetle * Most cucumber beetles cause damage - eat leaves * Some cucumber beetles chew holes. * Some cucumber beetles feed on leaf spinach * Some cucumber beetles have black stripes * Some cucumber beetles have wide black stripes * Some cucumber beetles transmit bacterial diseases * are a quarter of an inch long with yellow bodies and heavy black striping or spots - especially fond of melons, squash, cucumbers and pumpkins - insects - more oblong than lady beetles, which are nearly circular - one of the most significant agricultural insect pests in the United States * can transmit bacterial wilt iii. * carry a bacteria that causes bacterial wilt in melon plants * continue to be present in large numbers. * feed on young plants and can also spread disease. * let loose the eggs they've been holding. * spell trouble for cucumbers and related plants in two ways. Dive beetle * Most dive beetles have legs - range in length * Some dive beetles eat tadpoles - have filament	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Dung beetle * Many dung beetles are good parents. * Most dung beetles eat decompose vegetation - make tunnels in the soil * Some dung beetles attract horseshoe bats - eat dungs - kill larvae - live in dungs * are beetles that feed partly or exclusively on dung - coprophagous insects, meaning they eat excrement of other organisms - naturally present on every continent except Antarctica - nature's unsung garbage disposers - often exceedingly abundant - one of the few groups of insects that exhibit parental care for their young - really good at finding poop - scarab beetles that are black, brown or purple in color and have a flattened body * come in a variety of colors, from dull and glossy black to metallic green and red. - dung of herbivores and omnivores , and prefer that produced by herbivores * find fresh dung by smell. * form spherical balls of animal excrement, which they roll with their bodies. * get dung from cows. * help the ecology in many ways by using the waste of other animals. * improve the soil as well. * live in many different habitats, including desert, farmland, forest, and grasslands - habitats , including desert, farmland , forest , and grasslands * make creative use of animal feces. * navigate using the Milky Way. * play a remarkable role in agriculture. * provision their nests with poop for their offspring. * respond differently to changes in the environment. * roll balls of animal dung along the ground - the dung into balls in which they lay their eggs in before burying * serve as intermediate hosts. * use several strategies for finding their stinky food - their poop balls to cool off + Dung beetle, Ecology and behavior: Beetles * Dung beetles live in many different habitats, including desert, farmland, forest, and grasslands. They do not like extremely cold or dry weather. They are found on all continents except Antarctica. * Dung beetles eat dung of herbivores and omnivores, and prefer that produced by herbivores. Many of them also feed on mushrooms and rotting leaves and fruits. One type living in South America, 'Deltochilum valgum', is a carnivore eating millipedes. Those that eat dung do not need to eat or drink anything else, because the dung provides all the necessary nutrients. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle \| dung beetle: Scarab * Many scarabs are scavengers that help recycle dung, carrion, and decaying plants. * are an ancient symbol of a beetle * can be of any size. * represent identity and independence in one's beliefs. Elater * are sensitive to changes in humidity. * dry out, twist, jerk around and scatter the spores. * eject spores.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Female beetle * Some female beetles feed aphids. * begin laying eggs about one week following their emergence from the soil - several weeks after emergence * chew pits in the bark of tree trunks and branches and lay their eggs there. * have good instincts for finding the best places to keep the eggs. * initiate attacks. * lay batches of about two dozen orange-yellow eggs on the underside of the leaves - clusters of eggs in the soil * lay eggs at the base of plants in the soil - directly into the soil during warm months - in damp areas with low vegetation - mainly under loose bark of the grapevine - on the lower portion of host trunks or on exposed roots * lay their eggs on leaves or twigs where aphids are feeding - the undersides of leaves of plants * remain with their brood until they mature.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Firefly * All fireflies glow as larvae. * Every firefly species that flashes produces a unique pattern while courting. * Fireflies Have some fun chasing and capturing fireflies - appear to light up for a variety of reasons * Fireflies are a classic example of an organism that uses bioluminescence for sexual selection - kind of beetle that can make light - able to distinguish themselves through flashing patterns * Fireflies are actually beetles - members of the beetle family - among the creatures that emit light at ordinary temperatures - animals - bioluminescent throughout their life cycles - carnivorous - delightful, magical creatures - easy to locate - electronic firefly LED lights for gardens and displays - found on almost every continent - in a pattern of decline - insects - located in nights - medically and scientifically useful - nocturnal for the most part, and are usually only seen at night - one of the great treats of summer nights - perhaps the best and most easily recognisable example of bioluminescence in nature - poisonous to bearded dragons, other reptiles, amphibians, and birds - primarily carnivorous - really little beetles - soft-bodied beatles - species of beetle , also commonly known as a lightning bug - the world's most efficient light producers - usually black or brown, with elongate bodies - well known for their nighttime light displays - winged beetles - attract a mate by flashing a signal that is specific to their species - begin to flash over the meadows as dusk deepens into night - blink their lights on and off by means of a bioluminescent belly - combine three special substances in their photic organs to make light - come in diffrent colors like brown, black, red and yellow - cut pile nylon floor covering recommended for hospitality spaces - dance and display their lights in midsummer - eat insects * Fireflies eat other fireflies - emit light by the oxidation of luciferin - flash in the night to attract mates - flit in the trees - give off light in a rhythmic pattern to attract mates or send a warning signal to others - glow by bioluminescence * Fireflies have a special organ that produces light - under the body that causes the light to turn on and off - an exoskeleton, which acts as a hard, protective layer - bulbs - light-producing chemicals in special organs inside their abdomens - short lifespans - three main body parts - wings - hibernate over winter during the larval stage, some species for several years - imitate each other * Fireflies includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles - inhale oxygen and exhale light with help from an enzyme - light up to attract a mate * Fireflies like to live at the interface of forests or fields and water - in damp areas and dry areas * Fireflies live for few weeks * Fireflies live in both temperate and tropical climates throughout the world - warm and tropical countries - on every continent in the world, except Antarctica - only a few short weeks - look for their mates at night * Fireflies love moisture and often live in humid regions of Asia and the Americas - warm, humid areas - possess a head, thorax, and abdomen * Fireflies produce a greenish-white light - cold light - light in a similar way to how a glowstick works - start signaling at dusk and continue until late in the evening - stay on the ground during the day and frequent mowing disturbs populations - talk to each other with light - thrive in forests, fields and marshes near lakes, rivers, ponds, streams and vernal pools - twinkle every three seconds to attract mates - typically live east of Kansas and live in long-grassed areas - undergo complete metamorphosis from egg, larva, pupa to adult * Fireflies use flickering lights to scare away their predators - fluorescence to communicate * Fireflies use light as a means to attract and find mates, for example * Fireflies use specific light patterns * Fireflies use their flashes to attract mates - flashing lights to signal each other, attract mates and warn of danger - glow to attract other fireflies * Fireflies use their lights to attract mates * Many fireflies live for up to two months long. * Most fireflies also have orange or yellow markings on their backside or head areas - are quite distasteful to eat and sometimes poisonous to vertebrate predators * Most fireflies eat insects - other insects - feed on other small insects, but they also eat pollen - found in the United States are about an inch or less in length * Most fireflies have bulbs * Most fireflies live for few weeks * Most fireflies produce cold light - use patterns * Most fireflies use specific light patterns * Some fireflies are active at dusk, others at full dark - cannibals * Some fireflies eat earthworms - mites or even pollen - feed on bugs * Some fireflies have diets - dual purposes - shields - synchronize their flash signals * Some fireflies thrive in areas - environments - humid environments - wet areas + Firefly, Function: Beetles * All fireflies glow as larvae. Bioluminescence serves a different function in lampyrid larvae than it does in adults. It appears to be a warning signal to predators, since many firefly larvae contain chemicals that are distasteful or toxic. * Light in adult beetles was originally thought to used for similar warning purposes, but its main purpose is now thought to be mate selection. Fireflies are a classic example of an organism that uses bioluminescence for sexual selection - Habitat * Fireflies live in tropical climates in the United States, Latin America, Caribbean Island, and South East Asia. They also live east of Rocky Mountains. Fireflies like to live in damp areas and dry areas. Examples of damp areas are rain forests, streams, marshes, ponds and leaf piles. Examples of dry areas are backyards and meadows + Fly, Kinds of flies: Flies	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Flea beetle * Most flea beetles cause damage - most damage * Most flea beetles feed on foliage - leaves * Most flea beetles have legs - ranges * Most flea beetles have wide host ranges * Some flea beetles are general feeders, but most attack only closely related plants. * are an example of jumping beetle - beetles which jump in the same manner as fleas, but are unrelated to fleas - common pests of many vegetable Crops - devastating to seedlings, and beetle shot holes can disfigure the leaves badly - especially abundant in cool, wet weather - often a problem with radishes - shiny black, jumping beetles about inch long - small beetles that jump when disturbed - small, black beetles about the size of a large pinhead - still active on canola and some reports of foliar spraying have come in - the most likely culprits * are tiny and black - make tiny holes - black insects that hop like fleas when disturbed * are tiny, black or brown, and pesky - shiny and a very dark black * attack young, succulent plants and can cause serious damage. * can also feed on leaves - make so many pinholes in leaves that the overall yield suffers greatly * can be a major problem for young broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and kohlrabi seedlings - mass reared and sent to the field in shipping cartons - cause serious damage to seedlings and small plants - gnaw small holes in the foliage - seriously damage seedlings - severely damage small seedlings - the small shot-hole damage to leaves * cause tiny holes in the leaves, and damage can be severe if unchecked * causes small holes in the leaves. * complete many generations during the growing season. * eat tiny holes the size of birdshot in the leaves. * feed most actively when the weather is sunny, warm, and dry. - leaves of many root Crops, chewing small pits or holes * is present on corn and cabbage crops but pressure is low probably due to the high heat. * make tiny holes in beet leaves, but healthy plants quickly outgrow the damage. * receive a lethal dose of insecticide as they feed on the plant. * spread the organism by feeding on seedling plants. + Beetle, Beetle bodies, Legs: * Some beetle legs are flat and have long hairs on them. These kinds of legs are found on water beetles. Beetles that often dig in soil have flat legs with spines or horns at the edges. Flat legs with horns are called fossorial legs. A few beetles have large hind legs, similar to those of grasshoppers, which help the beetle to jump. Flea beetles are an example of jumping beetle. Green beetle * Most green beetles have legs - many offspring - possess exoskeletons * Some green beetles have babies. * are more visible to birds than brown beetles, so birds eat more green beetles. * decorate the headband. Grind beetle * live in habitats - terrestrial habitats * use mandibles - strong mandibles	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Ground beetle * Many ground beetles give off an unpleasant odor when handled. * Most ground beetles are black and shiny, though some display metallic colors - carnivorous, but some species feed on plant material - complete a life cycle within a year - feed at night and hide in the soil or under debris during the day - have broad, hard wing covers with many parallel, longitudinal ridges - prey on insects or snails * Some ground beetles are metallic green or blue or are marked with spots of metallic red or gold - feed on grasshopper nymphs and eggs * are almost black and shiny - another large family of beetles - common in damp places - general feeders with powerful jaws - good insects and feed at night on cutworms, slugs and other soil insects - predators feeding primarily on other insects - the most common beetles found in soil litter * can immobilize and devour amphibian prey many times their size. * destroy many garden pests. * feed on caterpillars that attack trees and shrubs - cutworms, maggots and sometimes slugs * live in almost every terrestrial habitat on earth - on the ground under leaves, logs, stones and other debris * prey on a variety of ground-dwelling pests. * require the cover provided by low-growing plants. Ips beetle * are one of three major groups of important pine bark beetles in the South. * introduce blue stain fungus into egg galleries.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Japanese beetle * Japanese Beetles can devastate a rose at one sitting if undisturbed. * Most japanese beetles become pests - plant pests * Most japanese beetles become serious pests - feed on plants * Most japanese beetles find backyards - urban backyards * Some japanese beetles play roles. * are a more obvious visitor to soybean fields mid to late summer - an interesting curiosity of human nature - daytime flyers and feeders - highly mobile and can infest fields regardless of field-use history - often the most damaging insects * are pests in parts of northern and east central Alabama - still numerous, but their numbers seem to already be dropping off - the number one nuisance in many areas - very active during the day and tend to appear in large groups on plants - voracious foliage and fruit feeders * can also be a pest - be a devastating insect to many plants in the landscape * do have several natural enemies - their favorite foods as well * eat the leaf areas between the veins and cause skeletonizing of the leaves - leaves of roses * eats the flowers and foliage - leaves down to the main veins * escape winter cold as grubs in the ground. * feed on aster - ripe raspberry and blackberry fruit, as well as leaves - the late blooms or the leaves * feeds on weigela. * have a one-year life cycle. * is one such quarantined pest in Missouri. * make lacework out of grapevine leaves. * seem to be plentiful, but only in scattered localities. * serious problem for the nursery industry. * start zooming in toward the end of the month.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Lady beetle * Most lady beetles become household pests * Most lady beetles eat aphids - bugs * Most lady beetles have black spots * Some lady beetles are black, often with red markings - very little and are black and hairy * Some lady beetles eat carpets - emerge from cases - enter quiet places like the attic * Some lady beetles feed aphids - on pests * Some lady beetles go through complete metamorphosis - live up to years * help control aphids, mites, and mealybugs. * prey upon the aphids in both the adult and larval stages. + Lady beetle, Appearance: Beetles * Not all lady beetles are red, and not all red lady beetles have spots. Some lady beetles are very little and are black and hairy. Lady beetles vary in color as red, orange, or yellow with black spots. They can also be black with red spots. Some are missing spots altogether. There are even a few kinds of ladybeetles with metallic blue iridescence, and some have checkerboard markings or stripes. Ladybeetle * are common examples of predators employed in biological control. * eat lots of aphids, insect eggs, and other insects. * prefer to overwinter in places like California, New Mexico, and Mexico. * usually eat aphids and other small insect pests.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Ladybird * All ladybirds can nip, but harlequins seem to bite more than others. * Many ladybirds hibernate, a common one sometimes coming forth in a warm room in midwinter. * Some ladybirds become gregarious during the winter and snuggle together in several hundreds - feed insects * Some ladybirds feed on aphids * Some ladybirds feed on red mites - spider mites * Some ladybirds have ladybirds - ranges - spot ladybirds - wide ranges * are a very beneficial insect - brightly-coloured because they contain defensive toxic chemicals - found all over the world - known to hibernate once the warm summer weather begins to cool * can also supplement their diet with fruits and vegetables. * component of a cardiogenic pathway required for diversification of heart precursors. * feed mainly on aphids - on the aphids thus acting as a natural pesticide in potato crops * have short legs and antennas. * help gardeners by eating aphids. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * lay extra infertile eggs with the fertile eggs - hundreds of eggs in the colonies of aphids and other plant-eating pests * make ideal on-farm predators since both larvae and adults feed on other insects. * primarily eat aphids, greenfly, plant-lice and other small insects.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Ladybug * Many ladybugs eat and control whiteflies. * Most ladybugs adapt to environments. * Most ladybugs are predators with ravenous appetites for aphids and other soft-bodied insects - belong to families * Most ladybugs eat aphids * Most ladybugs feed on aphids * Most ladybugs have fragile wings - joint legs - oval, dome-shaped bodies with six short legs - parasites * Most ladybugs kill adult mites * Most ladybugs live in more temperate regions - release blood * Most ladybugs use front legs * Some ladybugs also feed on plants - can survive all winter under several inches of snow * Some ladybugs cause allergic symptoms * Some ladybugs consume aphids * Some ladybugs eat pests - plant pests - feed on pests * Some ladybugs have orange - pheromone - use antennas * also consume mites and other soft-bodied insects. * also have a taste for thrips, mealy bugs and mites - tendency to play dead - the ability to release foul-tasting liquid from their limbs - increase and provide some control when aphids are present - play dead when in danger because many predators won t eat an insect that doesn t move * are a common natural predator of aphids - gardeners best friend because they eat the pests that damage vegetables and fruits - natural predator of aphids and can be used to control aphids - type of insect known as beetles - well-known biological control used to suppress aphids * are active during the day and go into a state of rest at night - from spring to autumn - also one of the most useful insects * are attracted to light - water, meaning happy ladybugs stay and fight pests - beneficial insects important in the biological control of several serious insect pests - blind to emerald light - brightly colored due to the fact that they are poisonous - by far the most common and colorful groups of insects * are found all over the world, mainly in places where their food source thrives - throughout the world, on every continent but Antarctica - great aphid hunters - loved by humans for their delicate and harmless nature - more common in middle and late spring as well as early summer - most active from spring until fall * are natural enemies of aphids and scale - omnivores that help farmers throughout the world by eating plant-eating insects - part of the natural system - particularly effective controls of aphids - revered by gardeners because of their wonderful diet - they eat aphids by the hundreds - sensitive to the strong odors of camphor and menthol - serial killers, carnivores that feast on aphids, caterpillars, and other crop munchers * are small oval-shaped insects - round beetles with short clubbed antennae - small, dome-shaped beetles - some of the friendliest insects - very promiscuous and have several sexual partners - vibrant and very identifiable insects and have a variety of different markings - voracious predators * bleed from their knees when threatened. * breathe air - through openings on the sides of their bodies * can also protect themselves by playing dead - be yellow, orange, or red with black spots - begin reproducing immediately with a good source of food and water - excrete some of their blood as a defense - migrate in groups, mostly to search for food * cause no plant damage at all and are sold in garden centers everywhere. * come in different colors, varying from shades of red and orange to brown - many colors like pink, yellow, white, orange and black - many colors and have different numbers of spots * commonly climb up plants or children's fingers, then spread their wings and fly away. * consume various aphids, mites and flies. * control aphids, mealybug, scale and other sucking insects. * eat aphids and other tiny pests that harm vegetables and flowers - many damaging insects both in gardens and on farms - plants and other insects - smaller insects - the aphids, and blue jays eat the grasshoppers and ladybugs * enter through cracks around windows, doors, siding, pipes, and other openings. * feed chiefly on aphids and scale insects - plant lice and scale insects * feed on aphids and other small soft-bodied insects - aphids, small worms, and a variety of insect eggs * generally complete their life cycle within one year. * have a fondness for euonymus, marigolds, tansy, and yarrow - particular fancy for highly reflective colors - shield, called a pronotum, that protects their necks from enemies such as ants - unique protective system - voracious appetite and eat aphids, mites and other soft, small insects - an average lifespan of two to three years in the wild - keen instincts and feel vibrations through their legs - sharp instincts and feel vibrations through their legs - six legs and keep their wings tucked away until they are ready to fly - two ocelli, or simple eyes - very large appetites - wings hidden under their hard orange backs * help control aphids and are always a favorite of everyone's - gardeners and farmers by consuming huge numbers of plant-eating insects * hibernate during the winter - from winter to spring - in large groups in cold weather * includes air sacs - cytoplasm - flight feathers - quill feathers * infest buildings. * inhabit many places in the world. * keep gardens healthy by feasting on plant-damaging aphids. - spider mites * lay eggs on leaves * live in a wide variety of habitats - fields and yards, especially in gardens and on plants - on aphids and other insect pests of crops and garden flowers * love to dine on aphids and can devour hundreds in a short time. * love to eat garden pests - scale insects , white flies, mites, and aphids * mainly live in shrubs, trees, fields, gardens and sometimes in homes. * move by flying and by walking - indoors, too, to stay warm * normally are considered beneficial since they live outdoors and feed on plant pests. * often like to crawl around on a scrunchies to get exercise. * only prey on aphids, for instance. * practice cannibalism. * prefer surroundings with high humidity or continuous access to water droplets * prey on aphids and are a symbol of good luck. * release a small amount of their blood which is yellow and smells, when they sense danger * reproduce sexually, the male attaches to the back of the female as they mate * reside where insect pest populations are high. * seek shelter. * spend the spring and summer in the trees feeding on aphids - winter in large groups under loose bark, in cracks in wood, or even indoors * swarm in summer on plants growing on the cinder cone. * tend to crawl up and toward light - lay their eggs where food is abundant - their spiracles by expanding the muscles in their abdomens * usually stay larvae for three or four weeks, enough time to do some serious chowing down. * walk on short legs, which tuck away under the body.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle \| ladybug: Asian ladybug * Some asian ladybugs cause allergic symptoms. * release an orange-colored fluid as a defensive measure, which has a foul odor. Leaf beetle * Many leaf beetles lay eggs in groups on the underside of food plant leaves. * Most leaf beetles cause damage. * Some leaf beetles look like caterpillar droppings. * produce a spectrum of chemicals for their protection from predators. Lightning bug * are found all over the world, except for in Antarctica. * make light, and so do some fish and creatures in the ocean. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle \| lightning bug: Glowworm * are fireflies - part of the few native insects to the area that light up - realtives of fireflies and use the same chemistry for the light emiting reaction - the larvae of some species * is the name commonly assigned to the larvae of fireflies or light ningbugs. * lightning bug Male beetle * appear to have huge antlers. * fly during mid- to late morning. Mature beetle * are dark reddish-brown with slightly lighter wings. * emerge from the trees through the openings made by the larvae. Mealworm beetle * Most mealworm beetles undergo complete metamorphosis * Some mealworm beetles have discrepancies. * are indigenous to Europe and are now distributed worldwide - very different from humans in how they grow up * start off a light ivory color but soon turn dark brown, almost black. Mexican bean beetle * become pests. * have complete metamorphosis * resemble beneficial ladybugs Mexican beetle * Most mexican beetles become pests. * Most mexican beetles have complete metamorphosis * Most mexican beetles resemble beneficial ladybugs Rhinoceros beetle * Some rhinoceros beetles emerge as adults. * are one of our largest scarab beetles. Rove beetle * Many rove beetles are strong fliers. * Most rove beetles are black or brown. * are beetles - common in compost heaps, leaf litter and under stones - insect predators or scavengers feeding on debris in the field - predaceous on root maggots - very active fliers or runners * eat other insects. + Beetle, Kinds of beetles, Common families: Several beetle * are major pests of agricultural crops. * infest the foliage of potatoes. Spider beetle * Many spider beetles are nocturnal, wandering about in search of food. * Most spider beetles have two or three generations per year. * are scavengers both in the adult and in the white, fleshy, grub-like larval stage. * can potentially infest a wide variety of animal or vegetable products. Stag beetle * are now extinct in Denmark and Latvia - quite harmless - relatively widespread in southern England - threatened by the loss of the habitats in which they live * develop in the rotten wood of fallen or old trees. * have feathery tubes that they can extend to suck their food with. * spend up to six years of their life underground before they emerge as beetles.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Tiger beetle * All tiger beetles are predators. * Many tiger beetles have colors that match the ground on which they run. * Most tiger beetles have color - legs - lots of white hairs on the underside of their bodies - mandibles - patterns - thin legs * Most tiger beetles use legs - long legs * Some tiger beetles are too big for spiders and robber flies to handle. * Some tiger beetles eat insects - small insects - fast, agile predators and are a challenge to collect - metallic colored, ground-dwelling, predaceous insects - predaceous, feeding on other insects - predators as adults and larvae - predators, feeding on insects they are able to capture with their mandibles - some of the most interesting and well-studied beetles in North America * can hide and capture the larvae also. * come in many colors. * lend themselves easily to conservation studies. * vary in size.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Water beetle * Most water beetles have patterns. * Most water beetles make creak sound * Some water beetles prey on bullfrog tadpoles * ' are beetles who live in water. Water beetles are black, brown, or greenish. There are 2,000 species of water beetles * are black , brown , or greenish - good swimmers, and many can fly as well	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle: Weevil * All weevils have a characteristic snout , which in the milfoil weevil looks like an elephant trunk. * Many weevils are useful, pollinating rare flowers or eating the aggressive water weed Salvinia - develop as larva inside the kernels of grains - prefer stored grains such as rice, cereal, flour and pasta * Most weevils attack young trees. * Most weevils become pests - structural pests - cause crop damage - defoliate entire trees - destroy crops * Most weevils emerge in late summer - springs * Most weevils enter habitats - winter habitats * Most weevils feed on foliage - food sources - leaves - plant foliage - roots - same food sources * Most weevils have dark eyes - heads - legs - look like tiny weevils * Most weevils occur in locations - more northern locations - use pollen * Some weevils belong to families - cause injuries - feed at nights * Some weevils feed on develop seed heads - leaf surfaces * Some weevils feed on upper leaf surfaces * Some weevils have a snout that is as long as the body - long snouts - mouthparts - spots - thin snouts * Some weevils invade gallon pots * Some weevils live for months - weeks - years - pollinate plants * Some weevils undergo complete metamorphosis * Some weevils use long snouts * are a large, diverse, and important group of insects - actually beetles - almost non-existent in the southern part of the range of white pine - among the most serious pests to agriculture and forestry in Canada - beetles, too - most common outside homes and can enter inside seeking shelter from heavy rains - plant-eating beetles with mouthparts elongated into snouts bearing jaws at their ends - said to be polyphytophageous, i.e. they eat what they see or smell - small beetles that possess conspicuous snouts - small, oval beetles with very hard shells - the most diverse family of any organisms on the planet * attack trees * become active in the spring about the time flower buds open * can attack the seed in storage - have both hair and scales - overwinter in the adult, egg or larval stage - survive on seedling cotton but can reproduce only on fruiting cotton * cause considerable damage - little damage - millions of dollars worth of damage every year - severe damage - significant damage * chew holes. * colonize stumps regardless of when the tree was cut. * comsume grains, nuts, cotton and tobacco. * develop their life cycle completely inside the grain kernels. * disappear by midsummer. * eat milfoil * emerge from the cocoons after several weeks to mate - several weeks later to mate * feed externally on foliage, blossom buds and tender pods. * have a very unique narrow head and their mouthparts are at the end of a long snout - appearances - backs - different appearances * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * infest areas - grassy areas * infesting the seeds are responsible for reduced usage of horse bean as a feed crop. * lay eggs near the base of the plant. * leave strawberry as soon as blackberry buds begin to swell. * look like strawberry root weevils * move into fields - rice fields * often appear to be green with black patches when scales are missing - concentrate attacks on the biggest trees in a stand * probably migrate to winter cuts in the spring. * puncture developing pods with their snouts as they feed. * sometimes enter homes, probably to overwinter. + Beetle, Kinds of beetles, Common families:	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle \| weevil: Adult weevil * are considered strong fliers, venturing more than a half-mile in search of host trees - nocturnal - only active after dark - severe damage * emerge in springs. * feed on leaves. * have heads * insert yellow oval eggs into alfalfa stems. * lay eggs on the developing bean pods in the field. * move into fields - rice fields * notch main stems, side shoots, and leaf stems. * spend the winter in ground trash near old cotton fields. * tend to avoid laying eggs on shaded white pine with small diameter terminals. Alfalfa weevil * feed during the day, actively feeding on the foliage, starting near the leaf tips. * have a white strip down the center of their back and black heads - the ability to severely damage the first cutting of hay in much of Illinois Boll weevil * are insects - on the decline in traps - still of concern in some fields - weevils * continue to be an increasing concern in all areas - plague growers, particularly in the non-eradication areas * feed on and lay eggs in the fruit of cotton - blooms and bolls and cause the fruit to be shed from the plant * fly into the wind following the scent trail. * produce scattered, powdery or grainy flecks of bright yellow or orange droppings. Female weevil * Most female weevils chew holes. * Some female weevils live for months. * Some female weevils use long snouts * can tell if a grain kernel has had an egg laid in it by another weevil. * insert white eggs into leaf sheaths under water. * lay eggs in terminals early the following spring. * lay their eggs in shallow pits excavated on the surface of green berries - minute, elongate, yellow eggs in slits that they cut in leaf bases * look for exposed roots to lay their eggs. Grain weevil * are important pests of farm-stored grain. * can bore through plastic and cardboard so inspect everything thoroughly. Pecan weevil * Pick up and destroy infested nuts as they fall. * cause two types of damage. Pepper weevil * Most pepper weevils occur in locations - more northern locations * complete one or two generations on black nightshade weeds in early spring. * is an insect pest which is extremely damaging to the chile crop. * serious pest of pepper. Rice weevil * Most rice weevils have backs. * Some rice weevils live for months. * are active fliers and often fly to grain storage bins and buildings from nearby fields - internal feeders - pests of stored grain and seeds - four faint red-brown spots on the back of the abdomen - long snouts with chewing mouthparts at the end Root weevil * cause damage. * infest plants. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| beetle \| weevil \| tenebrionid: Flour beetle * Some flour beetles feed on grain. * are beetles - metallic-hued and ovoid in shape - pesky bugs that creep into warehouses and tuck into flour and cereals * exhibit cannibalistic behavior. * require about a month to complete their life cycle. Tiny weevil * Most tiny weevils use pollen. * Some tiny weevils pollinate plants. Vine weevil * Most vine weevils feed on leaves. * Some vine weevils feed at nights. * Some vine weevils invade gallon pots	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Beneficial insect * Many beneficial insects feed on or parasitize the various life stages of asparagus beetles - the pollen of plants such as cilantro, fennel, and buckwheat - upon harmful ones * Most beneficial insects feed on matter. * Some beneficial insects eat crop pests. * Some beneficial insects eat damage crop pests - other insects * Some beneficial insects feed on pests - plant pests - play roles * Some beneficial insects prey on harmful insects * are either predators or parasites - extremely important in keeping aphid populations in check - natural enemies of pests - very active and helping to crash the populations * can attack adults, eggs and larvae on plants or on the soil surface - be effective at controlling scale, so look for natural predators - pest insects and help gardeners with pest insect control * habitat Beneficial insects flock to a garden with a broad diversity of plants. * help pollinate flowers. * include mantises - prey mantises * move from flowering plants to nearby crops - the alfalfa to vegetable fields at the first cutting * need sources. * play an important role in aphid control. * use different hunting strategies. * vary in importance in different areas.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Blowfly * Blowflies are attracted to food sources where they can lay their eggs - economic pests of the wool industry and potential vectors for epidemics - often carriers of disease, such as dysentery - surface parasites that feed on blood - the flies commonly seen flying around dung or roadkill - can be deadly parasites of young bluebirds * Blowflies feed on diets - fat diets - low fat diets - have short lives but reproduce very quickly * Blowflies includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles - make buzz noise * Blowflies make loud buzz noise - often feed on the wounds in sheep, cattle, and other livestock * Most blowflies feed on diets * Most blowflies make loud buzz noise * Some blowflies use dead animal meat Bristletail * All bristletails are carrot-shaped, somewhat flattened, and covered with grayish scales. * have a cylindrical body that tapers to a narrow bristle-like tail - chewing mouthparts * is an insect * molt after becoming adults, but most adult insects neither molt nor increase in size. * prefer to eat vegetable matter.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bristletail: Firebrat * are a darker mottled orangish gray with bands of dark scales - bristletails - more common in attics and around furnaces, ovens, and water heaters - mottled gray or brown - similar to silverfish in overall appearance but lack the silvery sheen * eat almost anything and can go for months without eating at all. * mostly look like silverfish, but lack the silvery sheen. * prefer hot places such as near ovens, fireplaces, furnaces and hot water pipes. * require some moisture. * thrive best in very warm, moist places. Brown lacewing * are somewhat smaller than green lacewings. * have brown eyes and wings. * is an insect	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Bug * Many bugs can also pierce other insects and take advantage of their juices - fly - eat other bugs * Many bugs have long stingers that easily penetrate tight fitting netting - scent glands on the side of their body used in secreting odors * Most bugs are useful, but some eat clothes and harm crops and trees. * Most bugs become nuisances - pest nuisances - carry diseases - cause damage - come from simple typos - consume prey * Most bugs eat decay fruit - soybean plants * Most bugs feed on aphids - buds - creatures - fluid - foliage - kudzu * Most bugs feed on leaf buds - tissue - other creatures - plant tissue - soft tissue * Most bugs go through gradual metamorphosis - nymph stages * Most bugs have chemical defense - compound eyes - large compound eyes - lifespans - long lifespans - offspring - pads * Most bugs inhabit diverse regions * Most bugs live for few months - several months * Most bugs live in climates - temperate climates - less than a year and are seasonal - look like bed bugs - make homes - produce offspring - shed exoskeletons - spread diseases * Most bugs survive for few months - ranges * Most bugs take blood meals - use pheromone * Some bugs are limited to walking - pests such as termites , cockroaches , fleas or clothes moths - attack adult beetles - avoid light - become adults - belong to families - bite humans * Some bugs can also give painful bites, and are often found in warm rainforest environments - swim * Some bugs cause diarrhoea - serious diseases - severe diarrhoea * Some bugs crawl on boards - hands - skin - destroy milkweeds - drink blood * Some bugs eat aphids - apples - caterpillars - cereals - grass - roots - fall into water - feed at nights * Some bugs feed on animals - black walnuts - maples - plant pollen - seeds * Some bugs have aroma - beaks - black stripes - front wings - hair The Bee, Fly, and Mosquito have hairless and hairy versions - incomplete metamorphosis - legs - naturalists - parallel stripes - protein anyway - spines - strong odor - toxic saliva - tracheae - tubes * Some bugs invade fields * Some bugs kill caterpillars - live for years * Some bugs live in a particular climate and in that climate only - look like leaves - move from plants * Some bugs prey on insects - produce light * Some bugs suck blood - human blood - survive years - transmit diseases * Some bugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis * adapt, become resistant, and evolve into super-bugs. * are a good source of vitamins, minerals and fats - great source of protein - potential hazard to orchids - also the cause of sugar streak in hard maple - at their height of activity - bits of code inadvertently written into the program, making it behave in unexpected ways - different shapes, colors, and sizes - good to eat - health food - in all kinds of foods and drinks - just one component of the typical ostrich diet - low in fat and high in protein - monstrosities - most persistent in orchards with alfalfa or clover sods * are one of the few significant calcium sources around after milk products - ways of speech - sons of glitches - the most successful group of animals on the planet - very, very common * attacked by bacteria produce chemicals that kill proteins essential to the bacteria's survival. * become economic problems * bite hosts. * bugs bugs. * can be a nuisance at times - carry parasites - find their light - grab things, throw objects, roll, and give foes a swift kick in the rump - survive most anything, especially the cockroach as they say - take flight readily and can make a buzzing noise if disturbed * cause considerable damage * collecting has a long tradition in Japan, where insects are gathered to teach kids about nature. * come in many forms, most commonly bacteria and viruses. * complete development. * crawl up a body under the skin. * damage plants. * develop in summer on female boxelder trees and a related species is found on goldenrain trees. * die in the fall. * disappear, and many scavengers go underground. * do damage - little damage - prefer tender seedlings to tough adult plants - what they do to survive * don t have bones, but they do have a skeleton. * eat crops. - holes in leaves, worms dig holes, stars look like holes in the sky * enter buildings. * gather in sunny locations in Fall. - where there is food * have ability - four wings or no wings at all - heads - shorter, more distinct bodies and legs hanging down - their skeletons on the outside of their bodies - wings attached to the top of their body - carapaces - cells - skulls - vacuoles * infest areas - houses * kill trees and porcupines kill trees. * killing is very different from controlling wildlife. * like to eat food stains and spray starch. * live everywhere outdoors. - darkness, often beneath rocks - the seams and crevices - lady bugs * love to make homes under overhanging plants. - noise to attract mates or warn other of danger * move about in the world, gather food and avoid poison. * outnumber all other forms of animal life on the planet. * pierce soft plant tissue, suck sap and cause plants to wilt. * play a crucial role in the stream nutrient cycle. * prefer weak plants. * sleep, feed on the plants and reproduce. * undergo incomplete metamorphosis, with their young looking much like adults, but without wings.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| bug: Adult bed bug * have pads. * live for months Computer bug * are viruses that mess up the insides of a computer. * can make camels or people very angry. Kudzu bug * Most kudzu bugs become pests. * Most kudzu bugs eat plants - soybean plants - feed on kudzu * Most kudzu bugs look like bugs - lady bugs - produce offspring * are a fairly new pest in South Carolina - recent addition to the U.S. list of invasive species - about the size of an adult lady bug and are square shaped - attracted to lighter colors * become economic problems * complete development. Lady bug * Most lady bugs feed on aphids. * Most lady bugs live in climates - temperate climates * Some lady bugs invade homes. Lighting bug * glow because of luminescence. * have wings. Little bug * Some little bugs produce light. * stick to the leaves and slowly dissolve. Pirate bug * are present all summer in fields, woodlands, gardens and landscapes. * have the greatest impact on external feeding species of beetles and moths. Spittle bug * are a type of leafhopper. * can be a problem in crops grown for fresh or dried flowers. * prefer moist, thatchy, centipede lawns. * produce a white cotton like substance on the leaves. * protect themselves in a frothy spittle. * tend to be a darker shade of green and leafhopper nymphs tend to be yellow-green. Swallow bug * breed freely all summer in swallow nests. * develop on nesting swallows, normally cliff swallows. Tiny bug * Most tiny bugs have heads. * take a costly bite of Vidalia onions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Butterfly * All butterflies are light in weight - begin life as caterpillars which feed only on one or a select few plants - drink nectar * All butterflies go through four distinct stages in their lives - life stages * All butterflies have a club- shaped antennae that are most often feathery - club-shaped antennae that are most often feathery - three pairs of legs * All butterflies start life as an egg and then develop into caterpillars - off as caterpillars, and are quite fussy about what they eat - undergo a series of stages of development * Butterflies Learn about butterflies and their amazing life cycle - abound during the summer months feeding on the wide variety of flowering plants - account for only eight percent of the lepidopteran insect species * Butterflies also become quite active when exposed to bright light - carry four wings, which are covered by colored scales - drink water for the minerals it provides - enjoy imbibing nectar from the mum blossoms throughout the summer - get moisture from ripe fruit and decaying animals * Butterflies also have a very well-developed sense of smell from their antennae - the outer skeleton around their body, which allows greater flexibility - hold their wings together, vertically, over their backs - like to puddle - migrate - move to shaded areas when the temperature is hot - recognize each other through pheromones, or scents - roost during rainy, cloudy, and cold weather - take nourishment from sap, rotting fruit, and dung - always float to the ground very slowly when they land - appeal to the young and old alike, and for many viable reasons * Butterflies appear in gardens - habitats - to dance as they flitter among the flowers - appreciate some protection from wind as well * Butterflies are a joyous symbol of life and the very essence of happiness - natural monophyletic group - sign of joy and happy marriage - source of inspiration to artists and poets * Butterflies are a symbol of new beginnings - transformation and change - valuable source of food for songbirds - able to see A. in virtually every direction - about everywhere - abundant, as well - active at night * Butterflies are active during the day and are brightly colored - day, moths at night - from early spring until late fall * Butterflies are also an important part of the food chain and the larger food web of any given area - highly attracted to floral scents, such as perfumes and hair sprays - indicators of an area's richness of flora and fauna - numerous in parts of Estonia - quite sensitive to water quality - sensitive to movement - very sensitive to climatic conditions - well-known for their metamorphosis - always symbols of happiness - among the most beautiful and frequently seen insects - an incredibly sensitive monitor of environmental health - ancient symbols of soul, as well as emblems of transformation - as diverse as their many colors - attracted to the bright blooms - beautiful and fascinating creatures that intrigue people young and old - beautiful, flying insects with large scaly wings * Butterflies are capable of delight - caterpillars that have successfully emerged from cocoons of transformation - choosy because their offspring are picky eaters * Butterflies are cold blooded and like to warm themselves in the sun - creatures that are most active on warm sunny days - colorful and interesting insects that have long been the favorites of collectors - complex creatures - created by cocoons - day fliers, while most moths are night fliers - daytime creatures - delicate but powerful creatures - different in their strategies to gather fluid nutrients - distinguished as a group by the pair of antennae on their heads - diurnal and have good vision, but a weak sense of smell - diurnal, active during the day - especially fond of butterfly bush and purple coneflowers - everywhere, as are orchids, hibiscus, frangipani, and bougainvillea - exactly the same in the fossil record - examples of bilateral symmetry - exteremely careful about where they lay their eggs - extremely selective when locating a host plant on which to lay their eggs - flagship species for conservation in general, and in particular for invertebrates - flowers with wings * Butterflies are found in the primary consumer level - nearly everywhere in the world except Antarctica - worldwide except on the continent of Antarctica - frequently the pursuit of collectors - from butterfly farms which help to protect the rainforest - gold metallic - good pollinators * Butterflies are important as prey for spiders and other predators - pollinators for many flowering plants - pollinators, fourth in importance after beetles, flies and bees * Butterflies are important to nature because they are an agent of pollination - the ecology of an area * Butterflies are in search of food and mates - their cocoons - included in the food web - indications that the body is preparing to protect itself * Butterflies are insects that come in many shapes, sizes, and colors - have the most variety of colors and shapes - insects, therefore are cold-blooded * Butterflies are known as butterflies - to move pollen over vast distances - lepidopterans * Butterflies are located in air - butterfly bushs - forests - meadows - on continents - mainly active during daylight hours - member of ecosystems - more commonly active in the daytime as opposed to the more nocturnal moths - most abundant from spring through fall * Butterflies are most active in a large open area, which can be a simple piece of yard kept mowed - while basking in the sun - likely to use the houses during hibernation * Butterflies are numerous as well - in the open areas - often the symbol for Ecstasy - one of our very favorite insects * Butterflies are one of the exceptions, being well-studied in many regions of the world - most beautiful creatures in all creation - only able to fly when it's warm - particular about where they choose to live - particularly well-represented in the rain forests - popular among hippies, artists and nature lovers - popular, well-known insects with large, colorful wings covered with tiny scales - portrayed by their scale-covered wings - primary consumers * Butterflies are probably the only insects which can detect red as a colour - which can detect red as a separate colour - prolific - self propelled flowers - solar powered and use the heat of the sun to warm their bodies * Butterflies are some of nature's loveliest and most intriguing pollinators - lovliest and intriguing pollinators - sun worshipers preferring a sunny spot away from strong winds - symbolic for freedom, hope, and new beginnings * Butterflies are symbols of joy and happiness - the spirit of freedom and happiness - symmetrical - termed as holometabolous insects, and go through complete metamorphosis * Butterflies are the center of all nature - only insects to have their wings covered with millions of scales - reward of gardening thoughtfully, sometimes against the grain * Butterflies are too few and so are flowers and most things beautiful - small to track with radios or satellites - transient beauties, the proverbial blazing meteor across a night sky - unable to fly if they are too cold * Butterflies are usually large, brightly colored dayfliers - more colorful than moths * Butterflies are very beautiful and are all over the world - fickle creatures, and each species likes something different - host-specific, laying their eggs only on certain types of plants - vulnerable to pesticides - are, after all, insects - arrange themselves in bouquets on the shrubbery - avoid shady areas - bask to heat up their wing muscles for flight * Butterflies begin life - their life as an egg, laid either singly or in clusters depending on the species - breathe through a series of tubes called spiracles - burn more energy when the air temperature is warm * Butterflies can be many other colors, too - brighten any day - distinguish night from day - easily find nectar sources - eat anything that can dissolve in water - get their required nutrients and minerals from a mud puddle in a sunny area - learn a range of different kinds of things - more easily find large, colorful plantings of flowers - only suck up fluids * Butterflies can see colors in the ultraviolet range - red, green, and yellow - some colors - sense their environment in many different ways, just like humans and other animals - suck the water out of the sand with their proboscis - taste with their feet * Butterflies carry pollen from blossom to blossom, pollinating plants - catch wind - change dramatically in size, shape and form during their entire life cycle - cherish an area where they can fly without being beat in the air * Butterflies choose plants by scent, taste, shape, and color - red, orange, yellow and pink - cloak fir trunks and hang on boughs in clusters of tens of thousands - collect pollen * Butterflies come from caterpillars - out during the day, moths at night - communicate mostly through chemical signals - consist of skippers, the true butterflies, and moth-butterflies * Butterflies dance in rare shafts of sunlight from above - the light of the rainbows, butterflies reflect the rainbow's colors * Butterflies depend on ecosystems - environments - deploy different strategies to gather fluid nutrients - develop through complete metamorphosis - differ from humans in a number of easily identifiable ways - do drink * Butterflies drink a flower's nectar from their straw-like tongue - from puddles on the ground - liquids * Butterflies drink nectar as adults, but munch leaves as immature caterpillars - from flowers * Butterflies eat food - milk weeds - nectar and water for nourishment * Butterflies emerge from chrysalises - pupas - thin air, walls vanish and reappear - enjoy sunny areas that are sheltered from winds, preferably with some water nearby - enter fields - exhibit dimorphism - extend proboscises - favour specific prairie wildflowers to lay their eggs or as a nectar food source * Butterflies feed on aphids - blooms but only deposit eggs on plants their larvae can eat - flower nectar and prefer bright and simple flowers - milkweeds * Butterflies feed on nectar from the flowers - produced by flowers - nectar, and are important because they pollinate flowers - the nectar-rich fen meadows, including the famous Swallowtail - fill the air, seeking food and shelter * Butterflies find in habitats - places * Butterflies flit around and 'round Seeking petals on which to land - in the slanting shafts of light and monkeys scurry in the branches above * Butterflies float from flowering bush to flowering tree * Butterflies fly by day, and most moths by night * Butterflies fly mainly by day, whereas moth adults fly mainly at night - moths fly mainly at night - more on sunny days than cloudy ones * Butterflies fly only during the day, although some fly at dusk - over flowers - very well, and can change directions easily - fold their wings and bees creep into their quiet hives - form a pupae hanging * Butterflies frequent an area of wetland which includes abundant bog myrtle - the boundaries of habitat zones, like the spot where a meadow meets the trees - generally travel singly or in pairs within a rather limited home-range * Butterflies get energy - water from wet sites * Butterflies give birth to larvae - the weavers a chance to show of their ideas of color and symitry * Butterflies go through a four stage developmental process known as metamorphosis - four-stage life cycle to reach the adult stage of their life - different stages until they reach adulthood * Butterflies go through four life stages, and they look very different at each stage - to gardens * Butterflies has-part backs - feelers - hearts - mouths - organs - hate high winds and appreciate windbreaks * Butterflies have a complex life cycle that consists of four different stages - courtship routine whereby they first have to find a suitable, potential partner - pair of large compound oval eyes made up of thousands of individual lenses - place in many people's spirituality * Butterflies have a short and delicate lifespan - life span - very characteristic flying style * Butterflies have a very keen sense of smell and can smell flowers many miles away - of taste - special life cycle - well developed sense of smell and are attracted to heavily perfumed flowers - wide range of rituals among the different species - ability * Butterflies have an astonishing sense of smell - excellent sense of smell - extremely sensitive sense of smell - appearances - color vision that surpasses that of either humans or bees - coloration * Butterflies have compound eyes like many other insects - which are ideal for spotting the movement of predators - cylindrical, segmented bodies and two pairs of delicate wings * Butterflies have different color - criteria for their favorite flowers - ways of defending themselves - distribution - feelers on their heads called antennae - footpads that act as taste buds * Butterflies have four stages in their life cycle - interesting patterns made up of scales - long slender antennae that are straight, end in a club, or end in a knob - membranes - mouthparts formed like a straw for sucking nectar from flowers - natural coloration - no transportation of oxygen in the blood - overlapping anterior and posterior wings - ranges - scales, and most butterflies only live for two weeks - six segmented legs - strong muscles in our thorax which forces our wings up and down on a fulcrum basis - such interesting life cycles, transforming from caterpillar to butterfly - their skeleton on the outside of their body - threadlike antennae with a knob at the end, and fly during the day - threadlike, knob-tipped antennae * Butterflies have three legs and three body sections and they fly - pair of legs - each divided into five parts * Butterflies have tiny overlapping scales on their wings - to find a mate to have babies * Butterflies have two antennae , two compound eyes, and a proboscis - with clubs at the end - large compound eyes - segmented antennae with a small club at the end of each - stages of life, which require two different types of food - typical appearances - valves called spiracles along either side of their bodies - warn coloration - worldwide distribution * Butterflies help flowers - plant reproduction by carrying pollen from plant to plant - hide in bushes - hover over fragrant lilacs * Butterflies includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * Butterflies keep their eggs on a leaf - wings moving to keep their flight muscles warm - lack dark-colored wing veins and the white spots on the wings are more diffuse - lay eggs - learn quickly to avoid blossoms which are past their prime - lift wings - like sun * Butterflies like to drink from mud puddles - hang out around mud puddles, wet sand and gravel areas - lay eggs on it - likes to suck up nectar form all kinds of flowers with is proboscis * Butterflies live almost everywhere in the world - and thrive on every continent just like other insect species - anywhere from a few days to a few weeks * Butterflies live for many months - periods - several weeks - time periods * Butterflies live in countries - terrestrial habitats throughout the world - the grassy and sedgy woodlands, and birds and possums are plentiful - worlds * Butterflies live on continents - tree and flowers - only a few days to several months * Butterflies look completely different at each stage of their lives - for flower nectar - pretty when they fly - lose scales as they age * Butterflies love flowers - many flowers - the tiny clusters of flowers - to hang out on the edges of fields and pastures, where the weeds grow happily - mainly feed on nectar from flowers - make chrysalides during the pupa stage and moths make cocoons * Butterflies mate and lay eggs - facing in opposite directions with their abdomens attached - in springs - metamorphose from caterpillars - mostly fly in the day - need nourishment - never see winter, and they certainly never have any lessons or any kind of work to do - occur in an incredible variety of shapes, colours and patterns * Butterflies often appear to be just passing through, occasionally stopping for a drink of nectar - gather in groups on wet sand or mud, and look like they are eating * Butterflies often perch on stones or vegetation spreading their wings and bask in the sun - stones, bare soil or vegetation, spread their wings and bask in the sun - use their powers of flight merely to patrol a restricted area - visit flowers - perch with their wings up and have club-like knobs on their antennae tips - play an important role in the pollination of our world's food source * Butterflies pollinate flowers - plants as they feed on nectar * Butterflies possess a complex life cycle that requires four metamorphoses to complete - antennas - fragile wings - some truly remarkable traits * Butterflies prefer a varied diet and visit a number of different flowers - flat or clustered flowers, such as purple coneflower, phlox, and zinnias - fragrant, colorful flowers that bloom a long time - native plants over cultivars - nectar from sun-loving plants - open, sunny areas protected from the wind for feeding and resting - pink, purple, or white flowers and single flowers rather than double flowers - short nectar tubes and wide, flat rims - to feed in sunny areas protected from wind - really are just caterpillars with wings * Butterflies receive nectar when they deposit pollen into flowers, resulting in cross-pollination - recognize color and seem to prefer intensely sweet scents to delicate ones - released at funerals can be very theraputic to the mourning process - rely on plants - represent joy, while bees stand for industry and thrift * Butterflies require a certain range of temperature in their winter home - different foods in the caterpillar stage of their lives - food plants for their larval stages and nectar plants for the adult stage - sunlight to monitor their body temperature - sunshine for mobility - warm temperatures and good environmental conditions to fly * Butterflies rest on legs - windows - their wings vertically clapped above their bodies - with their wings closed - ride breezes - routinely navigate enormous distances * Butterflies see more colors than humans do - through a pair of compound eyes - very differently during different stages of their lives * Butterflies seek environments - meals * Butterflies seek out areas with food plants for the caterpillar stage - protected spots to spend the night - seem especially attracted to gardens boasting generous patches of a given nectar flower * Butterflies seem to adapt to wide range of conditions - favor hats and shoulders - have inverted the natural order of mate location - select just the proper plant on which to lay their eggs - share habitats - shed cocoons * Butterflies sip nectar and other fluids using a proboscis - from flowers through a straw-like tube called a proboscis - the nectar from flowers using an extension that resembles a straw * Butterflies sit in trees - on leaves - slip into cracks in the trunk for protection - smell with their antennae * Butterflies spend most of the time eating - the majority of their lives surrounded by plants - spread wings - suck their nectar, while bumblebees and honey-bees gather pollen - sun themselves to warm up in cool weather - symbolize the beauty of nature in countless paintings and photographs - take flight - taste with their hind feet * Butterflies tend to be active on sunny days and inactive when it is cloudy - with their mate if they have one - hold their wings upright over their backs, while moths rest their wings flat - psychologically represent transformation in people's minds - thrive in habitats - transfer pollen - transform in a chrysalis instead - typically walk around on a flower cluster, probing the blossoms with their tongues - uncoil the proboscis to drink nectar from flowers * Butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis and a four-stage life cycle - use colour and movement * Butterflies use early morning sun for basking on warm rocks, bricks or paths - sunlight for basking on sun-warmed rocks, bricks or gravel paths - host plants - nectar and pollen - sunlight to regulate their body temperature * Butterflies use their antenna to smell flowers, plants, and other butterflies - coloring to attract mates and to warn predators to stay away - colors to find each other - feet to taste and their antennae to smell - vision and scent glands to attract and find mates - wings to soak up the sun's rays when the weather is cold - ultraviolet as a communication system for sex recognition and mating behavior - up more energy on windy days * Butterflies usually benefit from one dry year - eat pollen and fruit - fly by day and moths by night - have smaller bodies - lay their eggs on leaves * Butterflies visit flowers during the day - plants for several reasons * Butterflies walk around on flower clusters probing the blossoms with their tongues - waste no time finding a mate * Every butterfly begins life as an egg. * Many butterflies appear only during a brief period of the year. * Many butterflies are among the most obvious and colorful tropical animals - native to Michigan - territorial and fight, chasing others out of their territory - the casualties of storms and are eaten by birds - unable to survive on nectar alone - very colorful and almost all butterflies are active exclusively during the day - can see ultraviolet in addition to other colors of the spectrum - engage in a behavior called puddling - feed on nectar from flowers, but some flowers are particularly favored - flit among the flowers and grasses as well - found in Panama appear, at first glance, to be uninspiring - have large, circular patterns on the upper part of their wings - lay eggs on a specific type of plant - live in rainforests * Many butterflies migrate from one region to another, either individually or in swarms - in order to avoid cold weather - obtain moisture, nutrients and minerals from moist areas around water - possess extrusible brushlike structures, called hair-pencils - roost quite close to the ground on plant stems - thrive in tropical rainforests * Most butterflies DO have certain preferences of flowers from which they seek nectar. * Most butterflies appear in gardens * Most butterflies are active in the day - brightly colored and have long, clubbed antennas - colorful insects with almost all species being active during the day - herbivores - located on continents * Most butterflies are very host-specific - secretive as to where they pupate * Most butterflies can see ultraviolet colors that are invisible to the our eyes - survive freezing temperatures during some stage of their lives * Most butterflies come from caterpillars * Most butterflies depend on ecosystems * Most butterflies drink fluid * Most butterflies eat food * Most butterflies emerge from chrysalises - experience five instars over a period of three to six weeks * Most butterflies feed on aphids - flowers and are attracted to gardens with bright colors and vivid contrast * Most butterflies find in habitats - float in fields * Most butterflies fly during the day - daytime and moths during the nighttime * Most butterflies go through development * Most butterflies has-part backs * Most butterflies have a coiled - tube mouth part called proboscis - bright colours on their wings - specific host plants on which they develop - thin slender filamentous antennae which are club shaped at the end - two generations a year in the North, and more in the South * Most butterflies help flowers * Most butterflies live for just a few weeks or a few months * Most butterflies live in countries * Most butterflies live on continents - only two to four weeks * Most butterflies love flowers - mate in springs - migrate in one direction, unlike birds who migrate with warm weather * Most butterflies only eat flower nectar - live a couple of weeks - pass the winter as caterpillars or pupas * Most butterflies possess antennas * Most butterflies prefer daylight - some shelter from the high winds common along the Front Range - pupate on or near their host plant * Most butterflies require air * Most butterflies rest on legs * Most butterflies seek environments * Most butterflies sit in trees * Most butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis * Most butterflies use host plants * Most butterflies visit flowers - walk on legs - butterfly guides only show a few caterpillars and chrysalises * Some butterflies also use their colors to attract mates - appear to have eyes on their wings * Some butterflies are active pollinators - dead - essential to plant survival as pollinators * Some butterflies are inside bushes * Some butterflies are located in Wisconsin - populations * Some butterflies are located on bodies * Some butterflies are member of families - ornately colored to keep predators at bay - poisonous - very specific about where they lay their eggs * Some butterflies can distinguish yellow, green and red - even digest pollen, which provides needed proteins - chew leaves * Some butterflies come from eggs - out of states * Some butterflies depend on food - die of hunger, others of thirst, and some from both - drink and extract salts from moist soil * Some butterflies eat fluid - plants that contain toxins in order to poison their predators - poisonous milkweeds - substances - emerge from sanctuaries - escape from hands - fly all the way from New England to Mexico * Some butterflies fly over gardens - form colonies - give birth to insects * Some butterflies have a rather short courtship - chemical defense - color patterns - dull colors on their wings - ears on their wings - expectancy - large blue wings - life expectancy - light blue tips - long tongues - only one generation a year - prominent spots - red spots * Some butterflies have same color patterns - stripes - white stripes * Some butterflies have wing color patterns - help rainforests - invade gardens * Some butterflies lay eggs in groups, but others lay a single egg distributed among many plants - thousands of eggs in either groups or singly - like to drink from the wet edges of mud puddles or wet sandy areas - live for years * Some butterflies live in California - Canada - Colombia - Maryland - parks - look like other kinds of butterflies to confuse birds * Some butterflies love bushes - migrate each year * Some butterflies migrate to California * Some butterflies only have legs - live a few hours while other live for months and migrate thousands of miles * Some butterflies play in habitats - landscapes * Some butterflies possess ancestors - chromosomes - eyespots - sensors * Some butterflies prefer environments - tall plants and some prefer short ones * Some butterflies provide food - pollination services - release pheromone * Some butterflies require a cold period when they are in their chrysalis stage * Some butterflies rest on baskets * Some butterflies seek food - serve as pests - simply fool their predators * Some butterflies sit on wildflowers - with their wings open * Some butterflies suck crops - survive winter * Some butterflies thrive in gardens - travel thousands of miles to spend the winter in a warm, sunny climate * Some butterflies use chemicals * Some butterflies use their colors as camouflage - shiny wings to startle their predators * Some butterflies watch butterflies * are the nicest insects. * caterpillars almost all eat plant matter - often overwinter as chrysalides * counts of monarchs serve many purposes. * emerge, birds migrate, trees and wildflowers are blooming. * employs diversity of aerodynamic mechanisms to produce force. * household name in India. * is one of the most beautiful of all insects - such an insect, which has a complete lifecycle consisting of four separate stages * is the hardest stroke to swim - power of air, the ability to float upon a breeze * larvae reduce host plant survival in vicinity of alternative host species. * living thing. * moves with the wind. * prints Use an apple to print. * rests on the earth. * species that can be found in mountainous canyons are numerous. * watching fairly new hobby for people interested in nature - popular hobby + Butterfly, Body, Wings and flight * Butterflies have a very characteristic flying style. They usually do not fly in straight lines. They can survive bird pecks on the wings quite well. Late in the season damage to their wings can often be seen, and still they continue flying quite well * Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis. This means that there are four parts in a butterfly's life. The first part is the egg + Differences between butterflies and moths, Morphological differences, Colouration of the wings * Most butterflies have bright colours on their wings. Nocturnal moths on the other hand are usually plain brown, grey, white or black and often with obscuring patterns of zigzags or swirls which help camouflage them as they rest during the day. However many day-flying moths are brightly coloured, particularly if they are toxic. A few butterflies are quite plain, like the Cabbage White butterfly. * Like moths, butterflies have four wings covered with tiny scales. When a butterfly is not flying, its wings are usually folded over its back. The wings are patterned and are often brightly coloured. There are many different kinds of butterflies. The males and females of each kind are often slightly different from each other. Butterfly watching is a popular hobby. Some people also keep collections of dead butterflies that they have caught - differences, Shape and structure of antennae * The most obvious difference is in the feelers, or antennae. Most butterflies have thin slender filamentous antennae which are club shaped at the end. Moths, on the other hand, often have comb-like or feathery antennae, or filamentous and unclubbed - moths: Lepidoptera * The Lepidoptera are classified into the two groups, butterflies and moths. Butterflies are a natural monophyletic group. In this taxonomic scheme, moths belong to the suborder 'Heterocera'	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly: Adult butterfly * Adult butterflies are also selective about what they eat - attracted to certain nectar plants for their food - key plant pollinators - orange with black wing veins and bodies - usually active only during the growing season when the day is sunny or warm - very picky about their diet - wonderfully diverse in shape, size, and color * Adult butterflies drink liquids to maintain their energy reserve - eat by drinking nectar from plants, but there are some that eat rotting fruit - emerge from pupas * Adult butterflies live for many months - mate and produce eggs to complete the life cycle - seek brightly colored and strongly scented flowers for nectar a source of food - visit the colorful nectar plants that flower during the growing season Captive butterfly * Captive butterflies live for several weeks * Most captive butterflies live for several weeks<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly: Female butterfly * Female butterflies choose host plants in bright sun forlaying eggs - deposit their eggs on or near specific plants called host plants * Female butterflies lay eggs on host plants, which furnish hearty meals and homes for caterpillars - eggs, which hatch into the larval stage called caterpillars - look for specific species of plants to lay their eggs - release pheromones into the air - seek out specific plants on which they lay their eggs - use hostplants to lay their eggs upon * Some female butterflies are also picky about color when choosing a mate from among many suitors. Hairstreak * live in both temperate and tropical regions. * often have delicate hairlike extensions on their hind wings. * usually have a pattern of lines or stripes on the underside wings. Male butterfly * Male butterflies do more puddling than females - dust prospective mates with an aphrodisiac produced on the tip of the abdomen - find females by sight, and use chemicals called pheromones at close range - rely less on scent and more on vision in the search for mates - secure territories to use in mate location and courtship - use puddling areas to absorb salts and minerals to aid reproduction * Many male butterflies deliver more than just sperm to their mates.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly: Monarch butterfly * All monarch butterflies congregate at specific winter roosting sites in California and Mexico. * Many monarch butterflies live in the upper east, near the beaches. * Monarch butterflies are butterflies - cold blooded just like all insects - extremely rare for mountainous British Columbia - just one species - known for their long annual migration - native to Vermont, and they breed here - often able to exploit thermals near the ground * Monarch butterflies are the largest butterfly species in the Basin - long- ranging kings of insect migration - most common of the milkweed butterflies in the United States - only animal to make a multi-generational migration * Monarch butterflies are very interesting ecologically - unusual - begin life - can migrate from Canada to Mexico - carry their seed stock all the way to Mexico - cluster on oyamel branches in Mexican preserve - continue to head south to Mexico for the winter - decorate a pine tree with a beauty that surpasses any man-made object - die shortly after mating - display aposematism or warning coloration - don t eat corn, but they can be near it - drink nectar * Monarch butterflies eat milk weeds - emerge from pupas - feed on milkweeds - find mates - go through stages * Monarch butterflies have a direct relationship with milkweed - legs - long antenes - natural coloration - ranges - warn coloration - help plants * Monarch butterflies mate in springs - the spring before they migrate * Monarch butterflies pass through Kansas on the way to their winter grounds - en route to Mexican wintering sites, too - play a huge role in Kings , symbolizing the recognition of a king - prefer climates - protect themselves from the harsh winter environment - reproduce sexually and fertilization is internal - require thick tree covering during the winter - rest in the sun and shiver their wings to warm up when they are cold * Monarch butterflies use colors and scents for communicating - magnetic compasses * Most monarch butterflies begin life * Most monarch butterflies eat milk weeds * Most monarch butterflies have coloration * Some monarch butterflies come out of states. * Some monarch butterflies have chemical defense - more orange and brown patterns than others * are poisonous to their predators. * caterpillars prefer milkweed plants. + Monarch (butterfly), Range and distribution, Migration: Danaus * Monarch butterflies are known for their long annual migration. In North America, they make large migrations towards the south starting in August until the first frost. A migration towards the north takes place in the spring. No single individual makes the whole round trip. Female Monarchs lay eggs for the next generation during these migrations.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly: Peacock * Most peacocks have beaks - feathers - hues - lifespans - patterns - plumages - scale patterns - sharp beaks - sides - tail feathers - years * Most peacocks use colorful feathers * Some peacocks eat wheat. * Some peacocks have ability - bluish color - green color - lice * Some peacocks make much noise * are actually peafowls - all mouthbreeders - birds - colorful pheasants - famous for the shimmering play of colours in a male bird's feathers - ground-feeders that eat insects, plants, and small creatures - hardy birds - lovely animals that eat many different things to keep themselves healthy - male animals - of the pheasant family and have an interesting diet - opportunists and never miss a chance to take advantage of a helpless guinea - symbolized as a primary bird in India and Burma - the boys and peahens are the girls among peafowl - well known for their magnificent, beautiful tail feather displays during courtship * eat grass, seeds, insects, fruits - termites * establish small territories in an arrangement known as a lek. - components - linguistic components - the right of way to cross any street, including driveways * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * is most revered and national bird of India - the national bird of India * know how to twerk it to attract females. * lay eggs and utilize sexualy. * lek with relatives even in the absence of social and environmental cues. * live abundantly and freely within the many groves. * love to be with one another and close to each other. * often lose their feathers - play the role of the mythical phoenix in religious art * originate in Asia and India. * permutate into words, letters metamorphose into horses, fauna evolve into calligraphy. * produce lavender summer blooms. * represents immortality and beauty besides signifying love. * reproduce like any other bird. * roam ground. * sleep in tall trees, which is called roosting, to protect themselves from other animals. * start to strut, and the brainfever bird is heard for the first time in the year. * strut if it's raining so make rainwater available by using roofs like Sieves. * symbolize eternal life. - their calls to attract receptive peahens ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly \| peacock: Male peacock * Most male peacocks have feathers * Most male peacocks use colorful feathers * display their tails, which are extremely brightly colored. * gather in groups to display to females to entice females to mate. * have an exotic spotted tail to display - tail feathers<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly: Pierid butterfly * Most pierid butterflies are white , yellow or orange with black spots. + Pieridae * The 'Pieridae' are a large family of butterflies. They are known as 'Whites', 'Yellows', or 'Sulphurs'. This family has about 76 genera and 1,100 species. They are mostly from tropical Africa and Asia. The Encyclopaedia of Biodiversity. Most pierid butterflies are white, yellow or orange with black spots. The pigments that give the coloring to these butterflies are derived from waste products in the body. They are a characteristic of this family. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly \| pierid butterfly: Cabbage butterfly * pierid butterfly * uses mustard oil as a host location factor and as a phagostimulant.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| butterfly \| ringlet: Narrow ringlet * existing in the broad Saturnian rings also resemble the narrow rings of Uranus. + Uranus, Rings, General properties * The newly discovered outer rings of Uranus are similar to the outer G and E rings of Saturn. Narrow ringlets existing in the broad Saturnian rings also resemble the narrow rings of Uranus. In addition, dust bands observed between the main rings of Uranus may be similar to the rings of Jupiter. Viceroy * feed mostly on plants of the willow family and are quite palatable. * produce three generations per year, and the food habits of each generation differs. Capsid * Some capsids prefer moist habitats. * form around the nucleic acid genome - first as empty structures, and then the genome is inserted * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles Carnivorous insect * Many carnivorous insects eat other insects, including members of their own species. * Some carnivorous insects feed on insects<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Chinch bug * appear during the summer months. * are grey-black insects with short white wings - often a problem, causing leaves to rapidly begin to wilt and turn brown - pests - serious pests of cool and warm-season turfgrasses - shallow feeders and can generally be seen close to the soil surface * are small black insects with a white spot on their wing covers - insects with sucking mouthparts - the most common insect problem in zoysiagrass - tiny insects, which suck the juices from grass plants - typically more of a problem in dry years - very small insects that are red when newly hatched but turn black with age * attack turf in a group so their damage is quickly visible. * continues to be the number one insect pest of grain sorghum in Georgia. * do greatest damage from mid-summer to early fall. * feed on bentgrass, bluegrass, and fescues, but no type of grass is immune to attack - grass near the soil interface or just below the soil surface * have more than one generation per year and overwinter as adults. * injure buffalograss by withdrawing juices from plant tissues in the crown area - grasses by puncturing the stems and sucking out the plant juices * is an insect * love hot, dry conditions - the sun and are first found in the thinner, poorer, sunnier sections of the lawn * move in an outward pattern from the center of the dead area of grass. * prefer the bright sunny areas of the yard and dry conditions. * reproduce in large numbers and can reproduce several times in one season. * serious pest on sandy soils. * start from an egg and hatch into tiny, red insect with white markings on their back. * suck plant juices from many grass species including corn, sorghum and wheat.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Cicada * All cicadas leave behind an exuvium of the final nymphal instar once successfully emerged. * Most cicadas are larvae a much shorter period of time. * Most cicadas begin life - secret life * Most cicadas emerge as delicate insects - in summer * Most cicadas have a pair of tymbals or domed, drum-like organs on the sides of the abdomen - auditory organs - clear wings - defense mechanisms - development - eyes - lifespans - ranges - transparent wings - unusual defense mechanisms - live in areas - make sound - produce sound * Some cicadas become adults. * Some cicadas cause damage - minor damage - emerge in nights * Some cicadas enter nymph stages - feed on plants * Some cicadas have fluid - katydids - strategies * Some cicadas live in states - up to months * Some cicadas make meals - tasty meals - resemble insects - serve as food - sit in grass * Some cicadas use chirp sound - distinct sound * live in temperate to tropical climates where their large size and unique sound makes them well known. Cicadas are often colloquially called locusts, although they are unrelated to true locusts, which are a kind of grasshopper. Cicadas are related to leafhoppers and spittlebugs * are active underground, tunneling and feeding - animals - big and heavy - common insects, more often heard than seen since the majority are aboreal - harmless, though they're big enough to startle humans - herbivores, as are root maggots and mole crickets - large, stout insects - like people, some are smarter than others - mainly warm-temperate to tropical in habitat * are medium to large insects with long, transparent wings held peaked over the body at rest - notorious singers - parasites * are the largest insects in their order and are closely related to aphids and scale insects - longest-lived insects in North America - most efficient and loudest sound-producing insects in existence - usually green with red and black markings - to call during the day, katydids at night * belong to a completely different insect order from locusts - the group of insects called homopterans * breathe through apertures along the side of their body called spiracles. * do little if any injury while feeding on plants. * emerge in huge groups, numbering millions of insects * exist on every continent but Antarctica. * feed by piercing the surface of plants with their mouth stylets - on juice * have auditory organs - chunky bodies and bulging eyes - cyclic populations, so insect numbers can vary widely from one year to the next - large, membranous forewings which easily extend beyond their abdomen - plasma membranes - quill feathers * live for weeks - most of their lives as nymphs underground - mostly in warm areas * make music a sharp scraping sound - their living place in the cool places on earth * often trample each other in the rush to find a place on a tree to molt. * produce noise in their stomach with tymbals * serve an important role in their ecosystem. * shed shells - skin * sing in the trees and lizards scamper out of the way. * spend most of their lives sucking juice from the roots of trees. * spend the majority of their life as larvae underground feeding on the roots of trees - lives underground * think the sounds made by power tools and lawn maintenance equipment are made by cicadas. * use their mouth to suck sap. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cicada: Annual cicada * Most annual cicadas emerge in summer. * are different from periodical cicadas - large and robust - larger than periodical cicadas, averaging about two inches in length Female cicada * Most female cicadas have auditory organs - make sound * die after laying eggs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cicada: Male cicada * Most male cicadas make sound * Some male cicadas have sides. * are also capable of making a loud squawk when disturbed - known for their loud calls * attract females by their characteristic songs. * begin to sing with a shrill, loud buzzing noise to attract females.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cicada: Periodical cicada * are cicadas - insects - located only in the United States east of the Great Plains - smaller, averaging about an inch and a half in length - spectacular insects, often making sudden and dramatic appearances - unique to eastern North America - unusual insects - well-known for the incredible noise they make when they emerge * can cause damage to young trees growing in the landscape - reproduce at the tremendous densities required to sustain their populations * have a higher-pitched sound and sing during the day. * lack any true defense mechanisms, and are safe to handle. * rely on their numbers for defense.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Cockroach * All cockroaches lay eggs in clusters, glued together within an ootheca. * Ask a nonallergic person to spray insecticide and put out roach traps. * Most cockroaches are inside environments - habitats - homes - nocturnal, and during the day are usually found hiding in crevices - omnivores * Most cockroaches are tropical and sub-tropical in origin, generally live outdoors - or sub-tropical inorigin and generally live outdoors - avoid light - begin life * Most cockroaches carry diseases - virulent diseases - depend on food - develop into adults - drink water * Most cockroaches eat leaves - rubbish * Most cockroaches enter buildings - structures - feed on food * Most cockroaches go through gradual metamorphosis - has-part wings * Most cockroaches have a flattened, oval shape, spiny legs, and long, filamentous antennae - antennas - developmental stages * Most cockroaches have distinct life stages - habits - mandibles - origins * Most cockroaches inhabit areas - new england areas - niche habitats in forests, caves, burrows, or brush * Most cockroaches invade attics - floors - regions * Most cockroaches live for months - weeks * Most cockroaches live in buildings - forests, caves, burrows, and brush - groups - neighborhoods - on floors - outside and help to decay organic matter - up to years - love food - pose hazards - possess bodies - prefer locations * Most cockroaches produce a secretion or chemical that has a repulsive odor - raise cockroaches * Most cockroaches require food - seek food * Most cockroaches show behavior - different behavior * Most cockroaches survive for months - long time * Most cockroaches thrive in habitats - houses - walk on legs * Some cockroaches adapt to environments - appear in restaurants * Some cockroaches are inside forests - holes - nests - wood - located in kitchens * Some cockroaches are located on floors - walls - avoid poison * Some cockroaches become adults - health problems - public health problems - bite humans - carry antigen * Some cockroaches cause asthma - contain substances - defend territory * Some cockroaches eat insects - materials - other insects * Some cockroaches enter houses - trees * Some cockroaches feed on decay matter - fruit - sewage - find places - give birth to insects - go to water - has-part glands * Some cockroaches have black race stripes - elaborate structures - insect metamorphosis - intelligence - muscles - partial metamorphosis - social structures * Some cockroaches hide in cabinets * Some cockroaches live for whole years * Some cockroaches live in Hawaii - bark - basements - earth - gardens - moist areas - rooms - sewers - on trees - lose legs * Some cockroaches make chirp noise - perform jobs - play in wood - possess substances * Some cockroaches prefer conditions - temperature * Some cockroaches produce acoustic sound - seek water - shed skin * Some cockroaches spread microorganisms - survive weeks * Some cockroaches thrive in apartments - corners * Some cockroaches undergo distinct phases * Some cockroaches use chemicals * also cause asthmatic reactions. * also have a very good sense of touch - hard shells, and are invulnerable to poison - live in cracks and crevices - love living around old stacks of cardboard - play an important role in nutrient recycling - tend to remain in areas in which there are high concentrations of the pheromone * are a consideration only in the inner city and southern parts of the United States - group of insects that most commonly lay eggs - primary allergen * are active at night, so daytime observation good sign of a heavy infestation - also a major household allergen, especially in inner cities * are among the most common of insects - undesirable insect intruders in the home * are an amazing group animals, some of which make great pets - essential part of the ecosystem * are an integral part of our ecosystem - the food chain - ancient and highly successful insects - are scavengers - arthropods, which means they have jointed limbs * are attracted to sweet and floury foods - the presence of other cockroaches - black or brown in colour - both predators and prey - considered pests in several ways - coprophagous, which means they eat their own feces and the feces of other roaches - dependent on water, so check for small leaks under the sink and seal - disgusting and unsightly - easily capable of migrating on plumbing from one apartment to the next * are easy to manage with baits because most baits are readily taken by cockroaches - raise in the lab - everywhere - extremely fast at reacting to the wind created by any external force - featured in literature and songs throughout history - filthy pests - flat, quick-moving insects that are most active at night - good climbers - humankind's uninvited, desperately unloved houseguests - insects that tend to hide and live in the hiding places filled with dirt * are located in basements - closets - cupboards - miscellaneous insects, aboriginal in the sense that the young resemble the adults - more active before a storm * are mostly active at night, when they forage for food, water, and mates - tropical insects - multicolored under ultra-violet light * are nocturnal and spend their days sleeping in narrow cracks and crevices - in small populations * are nocturnal, hiding during the day and becoming active at night - so they avoid light and well-lit places - nonspecialized insects, primitive in the sense that the young resemble the adults - often pests of homes and apartments and can be difficult to control - omnivorous and are nocturnal * are one of the most successful animals known in the evolution of the planet - worst allergens - persistent and hard to control - pests and poise health risks to people - poor fliers and unable to cross large bodies of water * are primarily carbohydrate eaters - nocturnal, so they are sensitive to light - tropical insects that travel north in shipments of tropical fruits - pure instinct, straightforward sentient machines - replusive and objectionable to most people simply by their presence - scavengers and feed on stray food particles - shy insects and like confined spaces * are the leading cause of asthma in urban youth - incidents in urban youth * are the most important insect pests in Nebraska households and public places - repulsive of all household pests - susceptible insect to the nematodes - then food for many animals, including some humans - tougher - undisputedly one of the most hated insects on earth - usually flat, with a smooth, waxy tough skin - vermins * are very active and can easily move from one area in a building to another - common in warm climates and in homes of people living in the city - hardy and resistant creatures - well renown for their reproductive success * arrive in a house or dwelling usually by hitching a ride. * become torpid when the temperature drops too low. * becoming increasingly resistant to pesticides is an example of disruptive selection. * bleed white blood. * breathe through holes in the sides of their bodies. * breed in dark, damp places. * can also trigger allergic reactions in some people. * can be an asthma trigger - present in almost any place inhabited by humans - cause childhood asthma * can contaminate food and transmit disease - food, carry disease, and induce allergies - crawl into some astonishingly small spaces * can eat electrical cords, glue, soap, paper, and even weaker cockraoches - just about anything, and can survive without food for long periods of time - enter small appliances through small holes and cracks and live around the motor - even defy the law of gravity and crawl across the wall or ceiling - foul food and produce an unpleasant odor - hold their breath for up to seven minutes - inhabit inside the home, outside the home, or both * can live a month on the glue from a stamp - without food but only a week without water * can live for about a week after they lose their head - over a month without food, but only a week without water - weeks without their heads - lose their head and continue to live for two weeks - only run at speeds up to three miles in an hour - run up to three miles in an hour * can survive for up to a month with their heads cut off - on unlikely food sources like shoe polish, paint, and soap - swim into a home through sewer pipes - t swim but they can come in through sewer pipes if the water has subsided - transmit a number of diseases such as gastroenteritis and salmonella - trigger asthma attacks * carry at least two kinds of bacteria that cause food poisoning - disease and are a potential health hazard - diseases like salmonella * chase each other in all directions. * come out at night and use long feelers in the dark - of their hiding places at night * consume all types of human food as well as leather, paper, and bone. * contaminatefood and leave an unpleasant odor. * control bodies. * date back to the Carboniferous period. * detect approaching threats by sensing changes in air currents - the food odor, enter the trap, and become immobilized by the adhesive * develop from eggs, which are contained inside a capsule * display their evolutionary superiority over man. * do have a bad reputation, but most are actually very beneficial insects - pose a problem for asthmatics and allergy sufferers * eat all kinds of food, and sometimes destroy books, rugs and clothing - decaying matter - everything, especially food rich in carbohydrate and sugar - the trap whendetecting the food odor and stick to the adhesive * escape from light faster if other roaches are present. * especially like to build their homes in the subterranean areas of bathrooms. * feed on a variety of foods, with a preference for starchy and sugary material - many things including human food, book bindings and fabric * flying high and crawling on the walls means rain. * generally forage randomly at night, using their antennae to sense and smell food - prefer warm, humid, dark areas * get their vitamins from bacteria that live in their bodies. * have a broad, flattened shape and six long spiny legs - acinar salivary glands - exoskeletons - mandibulate or chewing mouthparts * have six hairy legs - legs, two antennae and some have wings - the habit of dropping their feces wherever they go - three stages of development - egg, nymph, and adult - wings, and many of the larger species of roaches are capable of short flight * hide - their bodies have adapted to squeezing into tiny crevices and cracks - during the day in sheltered places * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * incubate their eggs in sacs or capsules called oothecae. * infest areas - dark, warm, damp locations * invade apartments * is an insect * leave a bad odor on food they crawl on. * like to be touched. * live all over the world, from tropical areas to the coldest spots on earth. * live in all types of buildings and neighborhoods - dark, moist and warm places, such as gutters and drains - groups called aggregations - the soil under the houses, around water and sewage pipes, in cesspools, etc - unclean conditions, where garbage is open and there is access to food * love the dark, and they tend to do most of their foraging at night - darkness - to infest garbage, decaying matter like food or even rotting flesh - water, and are attracted to leaky faucets * naturally gravitate toward areas which are littered with cockroach droppings. * never have to share their toys or make their beds. * nymphs undergo a series of molts until they eventually become adults. * occur throughout the world but are largely tropical. * often hide in messy cabinets and in stacks of newspapers, bags, and rags. * plaster their fecal matter to wood or cardboard. * play an important ecological role. * practice sexual reproduction. * prefer areas - dark, tight, warm, and moist places - different habitats depending on the species - moist, warm, dark places typical of many homes - to live where there is food, warmth and moisture * present an array of health issues. * produce bad-tasting, odorous secretions from various points in their bodies * pull their antennae into their mouths with their forelegs to remove debris. * reproduce on an average of four times per year - sexually * require food every seven to ten days but mut take in water every ten days - water, although the brown-banded can live for several weeks with minimal water * roam freely everywhere. * secrete substances. - warmth, moisture and food * share locations. * stop to warm themselves in the sun before crawling off in search of food. * succumb to boric acid when they crawl over treated areas. * tend to concentrate in certain areas. * transmit bacteria and viruses. * undergo egg and nymphal stages before becoming adults. * usually are nocturnal. * walking across an area dusted with boric acid pick up the dust on the sticky cuticle. + Cockroach, Other: Insects * Most cockroaches are omnivores. They are tough, and hard to kill. A cockroach can live for two weeks without a head.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cockroach: American cockroach * Most american cockroaches eat leaves - enter homes * Most american cockroaches have developmental stages * Some american cockroaches become health problems * Some american cockroaches eat insects * Some american cockroaches have elaborate structures - live for years * Some american cockroaches live in areas * are less common in homes than German cockroaches - moderate flyers - speedy little creatures - very common in sewer systems of many American cities * develop much slower than German cockroaches. * enter homes to find water or food * infest basements. * leave their droppings in the dark areas where they hide. * live for approximately one year. * prefer to live in warm, dark, wet areas, like sewers and basements. Asian cockroach * Most asian cockroaches enter homes. * are lighter in color than most German cockroaches - very susceptible to most pesticides Hiss cockroach * begin life. * have antennas. * live up to years. Larger cockroach * are fine. * have similarly longer life cycles. Madagascar cockroach * Most madagascar cockroaches begin life * Some madagascar cockroaches feed on fruit. * Some madagascar cockroaches have metamorphosis - partial metamorphosis * Some madagascar cockroaches produce acoustic sound Male cockroach * Some male cockroaches defend territory. * Some male cockroaches produce acoustic sound * have the babies. * let each other know how tough they are by producing a pheromone. * weigh less than female cockroaches, and males can fly and flee faster. Oriental cockroach * Some oriental cockroaches prefer locations. * are cockroachs - known for their deep brown color - less wary and more sluggish than other cockroaches found in Nebraska * feed on all kinds of filth and other decaying organic matter. * prefer areas - basements, crawl spaces, sewer pipes, and other cool, damp locations - dark, damp, and relatively cool locations - to feed on starchy foods Oriental roach * Most Oriental roaches get inside homes by accident. * are omnivorous, but they prefer to feed on starchy foods. * feed on all kinds of filth. * prefer damp, cool, dark areas. Water bug * are good indicators of water quality, as some are very sensitive to pollution. * swim with their flattened hind legs that resemble oars.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cockroach \| water bug: Water boatman * All water boatmen have a striped pattern across the back and they swim with the wing side up. * Most water boatmen eat algae and minute aquatic organisms. * Some water boatmen help water mite larvae - share habitats * Water boatmen adhere their eggs on underwater objects. * Water boatmen are generally smaller than backswimmers - somewhat flattened and elongate in shape - strong fliers and are attracted at night to artificial lights - the largest group of aquatic true bugs - can swim rapidly, but they spend long periods clinging to vegetation - eat vegetables - have dark backs - occur in fresh or brackish water throughout the world * have a one year life cycle. * water bug	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cockroach \| water bug: Water strider * appear to be harmless to people. * are a group of plants that do well in container gardens - capable of moving very rapidly and jumping from one spot to another - common throughout California - dependent on surface tension of water to move around and capture food - highly predaceous, feeding on a variety of aquatic insects - insects that live in lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers and streams - insects, and fishing spiders are arachnids - long-legged and slender although some species have more robust bodies - predatory insects which rely on surface tension to walk on top of water - usually black and are less than a half inch in size - very sensitive to motion and vibrations on the water's surface * eat any tiny creature they can catch, including insects, tadpoles, and small fish. * move quickly over the water by propelling themselves with their middle set of legs. * skate over the surface. Wood cockroach * Wood Cockroaches Get information about their appearance, habitat, biology and habits and control. * are a group of minor cockroach pests. * can accidentally invade dwellings during late spring. * survive the winter as a partially grown nymph under bark of trees. Collembolan * are ametabolous, i.e. with no metamorphosis - tiny insects that usually live in moist situations such as leaf litter - wingless * is an insect Common insect * Most common insects affect landscape trees - belong to genus - cause problems - feed on plants - prefer habitats - visit flowers * are beetles, larvae, caterpillars, grasshoppers, and spiders. * include crickets - termites Conenose bug * is an insect * spend the winter as developing nymphs and molt into adults in spring.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Crane fly * Crane flies are agricultural pests with very long legs and the ability to fly - beneficial and harmless insects - found worldwide , though individual species usually have limited ranges - good examples of life cycles timed to food source availability or temperature - large tan-colored fragile flies with long legs - eat the root and the crown of the grass plant, and can devastate a lawn * Crane flies look like Texas-sized mosquitoes and have been incorrectly called mosquito hawks - giant mosquitoes and are very common - similar to large mosquitoes * Crane flies occur chiefly in damp situations where there is aboundant vegetation - situations with abundant vegetation - serve several important roles in the ecosystem + Crane fly: Flies * Crane flies' are a type of fly in the family 'Tipulidae'. They are insects. Crane flies look similar to large mosquitoes. Unlike mosquitoes, crane flies do not bite people or animals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Cricket * All crickets have chewing mouthparts. * Many crickets live in burrows during the day. * Most crickets are active at night - brown, but some are black and some tree crickets are green with whitish wings - known as crickets - nocturnal, whereas their grasshopper cousins are active only during the daytime - stout and more compact than katydids - begin life - do have legs * Most crickets eat aphids - edible food - feed at nights * Most crickets feed on dry food * Most crickets have a single annual generation - antennas - diets - slender antennas - years * Most crickets inhabit grass areas - moist environments * Most crickets live in areas - shrubs * Most crickets make noise - shrill sound - prefer damp moist conditions - produce sound - require considerable level of humidity so, spray their containers frequently - start finding a mate in late summer, and lay the eggs in the fall * Some crickets become agricultural pests - cause serious plant damage * Some crickets eat plants - potato * Some crickets enter a human home and consume paper, silk, cloth and food - homes * Some crickets feed on insects - other insects - plant roots - weeds * Some crickets have distinctive appearances - enough water - front legs - gradual metamorphosis - hind legs - humpback appearances - nematodes - ovaries * Some crickets have powerful hind legs - unusual appearances - hide in lawns - kill spiders * Some crickets live in homes - pasture * Some crickets undergo evolution * also brings the two countries together at the people to people level - like small bits of paper, egg cartons or pieces of cloth to chew on - provide food for other animals, including birds, rodents and lizards * are a common feeder, and are healthier than mealworms - problem around the home and yard - little smaller as adults but no less versatile - main source of nutrition - recommended staple in the captive leopard gecko diet - about resurrection and transformation from stages as in the molting process * are also a portend or omen of the weather - good for small mammals, birds, and frogs - brown or black - distinctive because of their large back legs - easily recognizable to most people * are found all around the world - in many habitats - games * are insects that can be brown or black and are found in homes, barns and gardens - reproduce by mating and laying eggs - with six legs and an exoskeleton - medium-sized to large insects - more or less omnivorous in their diets - most active between midnight and dawn - much more active in warmer seasons and areas * are nocturnal, feeding and chirping when it's dark out - hiding in dark places during the day * are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and meat - which means they eat both plants and animals - one of the more effective baits for sunfish, bluegill and catfish - perhaps the most musical of all of the insects - present in all stages all year round - rather closely related to cockroaches - ravenous eaters and therefore like a variety of foods - relatively defenceless, soft-bodied insects - shiny - some of the noisiest and best jumping insects in the world - sports - team sports - territorial * are the best food source - main food item or even meal worms - vermins * are very active at night - resourceful and are sometimes difficult for the gecko to catch - susceptible to insecticides * bar that offers all sorts of entertainment, including shuffleboard and pool. * bat and ball game, played between two teams of eleven players each. * become very noticeable in the autumn. * begin life as eggs, hatch into nymphs which mature into adults * can also generate bar, column, and pie charts as well as polar graphs - be black, red, brown or green in color - breed, lay eggs and the eggs hatch easily on the astroturf as well - damage ornamental and garden plants - drown easily in standing water - jump or travel short distances by producing jerky moves * chess match with bat and ball. * chirp faster as the temperature rises - when the temperature is warmer - to attract a mate * collects data to monitor trends and graphs the information. * come out at night. * complete a gradual metamorphosis from egg to nymph to adult. * consume dry food * damage seedlings. * dart game. * delights children with magic tricks, games and story telling. * different kettle of fish all together. * do eat grasshoppers though, and sometimes when they are alive also - everything like decaying plant matters and organic food - many kinds of food - plants and dead insects - the grass, snakes eat the crickets, and the hawks eat the snakes * evolves as does history. * exposes children to a variety of writing styles and artwork in children's books. * favourite game in India. * feature as major characters in novels and children's books. - just about anything * funny game, very loosely related to baseball. * game for old men and boring people in general - loved and respected throughout the world - of skill and sportsman spirit - played with a wooden bat and ball made from leather and cork - similar to baseball and is very popular in Australia as well as England * game that has become popular during recent years and is now sanctioned for competition - relies upon skill - thrives on data and statistics - with a bat and a ball * gets all the attention, while most other sports struggle for public and financial support. * gives details on biology and control of crickets. * has a long way to fall before it reaches football's level - mini-cricket * have antennas - chewing-type mouthparts and normally feed on plants or decaying plant materials - excellent eyesight - long antennae - many natural enemies and are subject to various pathogens and parasites - one pair of one inch long antennas, called feelers - relatively powerful jaws, and several species have been known to bite humans - simple metamorphosis or development - their hearing organs in their knees * hear through their front legs. * hear with membranes in their front legs that can sense vibrations - their legs * high performance, flexible system for monitoring trends in time-series data. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * inhabit areas * is Australia's most popular summer sport and has been played since colonial times - all about confidence and form * is also a very popular sport * is an English game, which originated during the medieval time in England - ever-changing phenomenon that evolves * is another discipline in which some prominent names came up for the trials - popular sport, also ranking as the most successful team sport - associated with intuition - big in India - cyclic - enjoyed by all and national sport - everywhere in Pakistan - game which is built mostly around statistics - like food and water - much like any other competitive sport in that it is played with two teams - one of the most popular games in India - our only true national sport * is played in the mind - two very distinct forms * is played on a grassy field - pitch, with a crease - only during the winter season - with a flat bat and a round leather covered ball * is popular in some African nations - the summer, and football codes are popular in the winter - probably more complex than baseball - second only to soccer in worldwide popularity * is still a game that inspires and entrails - largely a part-time sport for Kenyan players * is the absolute single most god-forsaken sport there is - country's most popular sport, followed by association football - famous sport in Australia and Britain - main summer game - most common English sport * is the most popular sport in Bangladesh - Guyana * is the national game, and is played to the highest international standard * is the only common religion in India - game India is good at - sport in the world in which both sides are dressed identically - sports watched by billions of cricket fans around the globe * lay eggs in autumn. * lift their cries. * live anywhere in the world except for Antarctica. * live in almost every environment - grassy fields, gardens, lawns, and empty lots - under rocks and logs in fields, grasslands , and meadows * make a distinctive sound both audibly and in ultrasound - several different chirps - the sounds by their forewings, they just rub their wings each other - up the major part of the geckos diet * mate in late summer and lay their eggs in autumn. * metaphor for nationalism. * microcosm of politics. * migrate into the depths of caves and mate in the sandier areas. * molt as they grow. * more elitist sort of sport. * move at night, so they are dark. * national obsession. * naturally congregate in moist, thick foliage, then find ways to migrate into the house. * need adequate nutrition * never die, just people. * often appear as characters in literature - become a great annoyance as their chirping or mating call interferes with sleeping - lay their eggs inside buildings or houses * passion in India. * physical game decided by strength of mind. * play in the grass in the spray of water. * possess wings. * prefer dark damp places. * produce sound by rubbing their two front wings together * professional sport. * remains an elitist game. * require a high-protein diet. * resemble grasshoppers. * rub their wings together to play a romantic tune. * seem particularly attracted to old potato patches where they feed on remnant tubers. * set the rhythm, in an ancient ritual, and the night birds start to sing. * simple walking robot designed to be low cost. * sing at a slower rate when the temperature is lower - in a shared chorus, and some species of firefly blink to a common pattern * spayed longhaired grey tabby. * spend the day in warm, dark cracks and crevices and emerge at night to feed. * sport played predominantly in the drier periods of the year - that a person bowls to a peson that is the batsman * team game and collective results are what matters - game, but it is still the individual performances which win matches - sport with eleven players one each team * tend to be the most available food, and generally make the basic staple for frogs - congregate in stacks of debris * thrive at temperatures higher than the average house temperature. * throws up statistics the way dogs throw up fleas. * trends-based monitoring tool that rocks. * typically feed on fungi, decaying plants and seedlings. * umpires the world over are fetishists, weirdos and deviants of the highest order. * undergo incomplete metamorphosis. * use jumping as their main mode of transportation even though they have wings - sound to find a mate and so the loud choruses of chirping males begin * use their cerci to determine the direction from which wind is blowing - otherwise often useless wings to make their song * uses a printmaking process to press wildflowers and shells into clay. * usually lays about five eggs, one every other day for ten days - live for about two months * very forgiving sport - popular game in England, Asia and Australia * world game and as such affected by world economies, world issues and world politics. + Bangladesh, Sports: 1972 establishments :: ASEAN Members * Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh. The national cricket team was in their first Cricket World Cup in 1999. In 2011, Bangladesh successfully co-hosted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 with India and Sri Lanka. + Barbados, Sports: Commonwealth realms :: English-speaking countries :: Current monarchies :: Caribbean Community :: Former British colonies * Cricket is very popular on the island. Barbadians play on the West Indies cricket team. The country hosted the final of the 2007 Cricket World Cup. + Namibia, Sport: English-speaking countries :: German-speaking countries * The most popular sport in Namibia is football. The Namibia national football team qualified for the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations. They have yet to qualify for any World Cups. The Namibian rugby team has been in four separate World Cups. Cricket is also popular. The national team played in the 2003 Cricket World Cup. + Orthoptera, Orthoptera Diet * Crickets are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals. They also enjoy eating aphids and other small, slow-moving creatures - Who's Who? * First, their colors are usually quite different. Crickets move at night, so they are dark. Katydids like to spend a lot of time on leaves, so they are often leaf-colored, and their wings can look like leaves. Their wings can have the same vein patterns as leaves, and they often have little brown spots just like the ones that might be found on a leaf	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cricket: Camel cricket * Most camel crickets do have legs * Some camel crickets have distinctive appearances - hind legs * Some camel crickets have powerful hind legs Cave cricket * are wingless, humpbacked, and big. * can live in a home for long periods of time without residents knowing. * love the warm, moist cave. Female cricket * Most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound. * are usually full of eggs that look like yellow rice. * have a thin round tube on the end of their abdomen that they use to lay their eggs - long, spear-shaped ovipositers that they use to lay eggs Field cricket * are also subject to many diseases and parasites - important agents in the decomposer communities of many ecosystems - less likely to be found inside houses - omnivorous - preyed upon by a wide range of predators - seen in flower beds, overgrown grass and lawns * can damage ornamental plants and shrubs. * develop outside and enter homes in the fall for shelter. * spend the winter as eggs laid in the soil. House cricket * are largely tan or brown in color, whereas field crickets are largely black - nocturnal, staying hidden during the day * enter houses through any cracks and crevices they find, including an open door. * live in buildings and are straw-colored - pastures like field crickets Indian cricket * has a rich history. * is run by the momentary survivor of an ongoing tribal confrontation. Indoor cricket * far more inclusive sport than that. * is played any time of day or night, any time of year.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cricket: Male cricket * Most male crickets make a loud chirping sound by stridulation. * can make a lot of noise when they chirp. * chirp by rubbing their wings, both to attract females and to ward off competing males. * create their chirps by rubbing their forewings together. * establish their dominance over each other by aggression. * have two extrusions. * increase sperm number in relation to competition and female size. * produce their songs by stridulation of the their wings. * sing with their wings. * tend to be smaller and are easier to assess.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| cricket: Mole cricket * Many mole crickets reach maturity by fall and fly again. * Most mole crickets feed at nights - make sound * Some mole crickets become pests - cause damage * Some mole crickets cause serious damage - plant damage * Some mole crickets feed on insects - other insects - plant roots - weeds * Some mole crickets have front legs - nematodes - undergo metamorphosis * are crickets * can cause serious damage to bahiagrass pastures in Florida - run very rapidly when on the soil surface * fly and mate twice a year, spring and fall. * make burrows resembling tiny mole tunnels in the soil - that resemble tiny mole runways in the soil * possess wings. Pakistan cricket * is run by presidential appointment which often leads to an ignorant dictatorship. * needs people who can play at the highest level. Small cricket * can climb up the silicone bead on the inside edges of aquariums. * go down easier than large ones. Different insect * Many different insects are leafminers, including certain flies, wasps, moths and beetles - lead a hectic life * colonize the body throughout the stage of decomposition. * have different types of metamorphosis. * lay eggs differently. * prefer different types of food. * resemble twigs and branches. * spend the winter in different stages of their lives. * use various methods to protect themselves from predators. Dipteran * Many dipterans serve roles that are useful to humans. * also produce induced antibacterial proteins. * are an important group of insects and have a considerable impact on the environment - endopterygotes , insects that undergo radical metamorphosis - important components of aquatic and terrestrial food webs * is an insect	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Dobsonfly * Dobsonflies are characterized by a long cylindrical body with short legs. * Dobsonflies are found in North and South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa - primarily outdoors near large bodies of water - nocturnal hunters - have cottony gill tufts beside the lateral appendages, fishflies lack such gills - only mate when they are matured adults which is only a range of just under a week - usually live in rocky streams * larvae emerge and often hide under rocks and in crevices.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Dragonfly * All dragonflies are carnivorous in both the larval and adult stages of their lives. * Dragonflies There are seven species of dragonflies in New Zealand - abound along with many other insects - adapt to environments - also deposit eggs in water * Dragonflies also eat many different kinds of flies - other kinds of flies and the occasional honeybee - have the advantage of excellent eyesight * Dragonflies are agile fliers, while damselflies have a weaker, fluttery flight - also particularly weak to flattery - among the fastest and most acrobatic insects on wings * Dragonflies are among the most ancient of living creatures - striking animals in the insect kingdom - ancient insects - beneficial insects, keeping the populations of pests like mosquitoes, down - bigger and keep their wings in a fixed horizontal position * Dragonflies are capable of flies - thermoregulation - carnivorous and therefore indicators at the top of their food chain - difficult to photograph and are uncooperative models in the laboratory - dragonflies, cockroaches are cockroaches - everywhere and a variety of butterflies are attracted to wildflowers - extremely choosy about their habitat - fast flying predators on small insects with some species hovering like a helicopter * Dragonflies are found all over the world - on every continent except Antarctica - generalists, that is, they eat whatever suitable prey is abundant * Dragonflies are generally bigger and faster than damselflies - larger, stouter, in addition to being stronger fliers * Dragonflies are good at hiding and staying out of reach from the feeding trout - examples of incomplete metamorphosis - harmless * Dragonflies are highly beneficial predators that destroy large numbers of mosquitoes - skilled predators - incredible aerial acrobats, seemingly able to perform impossible maneuvers - insects that have long bodies, transparent wings, and large eyes - medium to large flying insects - more closely related to scorpionflies than to stoneflies - multicellular because they are made up of many cells * Dragonflies are natural enemies of mosquitoes in all their stages of growth - predators of mosquitoes - now very common along the river, pond and lake - odonates - often the top predators in bog pools, which, due to their acidity, lack fish - opportunist feeders, preying on whatever they can find - powerful allies to connect with the spirit of nature - predators that eat insects * Dragonflies are predatory insects which means they fly around eating other insects - probably the ideal insect to begin with to learn identification skills - quick to colonise new ponds, and are usually present in all good wildlife ponds - quite abundant and feed on other bugs like mosquitoes - skilled flyers - some of the fastest, best fliers in the insect world - sometimes the top predators in ponds with no fish - strong flyers, though most individuals stay around their natal pond or stream * Dragonflies are the embodiment of color magic, and transformation - most aerodynamically perfect animal on the planet - totally harmless to people - true visionaries - unique in that they are carnivorous, eating other insects in abundance - unmatched as fliers and have a very agile, deliberate flight - unusual in using the direct flight muscles to power flight - usually much bigger and thicker bodied than damselflies - become scarce at higher latitudes - belong to the order Odonata - buzz about, multicolored flying machine-like organisms * Dragonflies can accelerate in an instant, turn on a dime, hover in place, and even fly backwards - consume their weight in mosquitoes in a half hour * Dragonflies can hover in mid air and then rapidly accelerate - one place, fly extremely fast, and even fly backwards - live under water for a long time - move each of their four wings independently * Dragonflies can see in all directions at the same time * Dragonflies catch and eat their prey in flight * Dragonflies come from eggs - in a variety of colors including blue, green, yellow, and red - consume a large percentage of their own body weight in insects each and every day - create sound energy during flight - dance across the surface - dart about and then swoop down for the kill - dip their tails to lay eggs - do have ways that can protect themselves from predators * Dragonflies eat a lot, and they constantly hunt for food - bugs and insects - meals - mosquito larvae - mosquitoes, according to the information on the package - salamander larvae - several different kinds of insects - tiny larvae * Dragonflies emerge from lakes and marshes - the water in the warm months of spring or summer - feed on pest insects in rice, acting as a natural pest control - find their way by using the sun as a guide - flit above warm air pockets and deep green leaves dangle from tired oak - fly over surfaces - fly, fire flies illuminate during night time * Dragonflies go back to the time of the dinosaurs - on and on, the Energizer bunnies of evolution * Dragonflies has-part eyes - mouthparts * Dragonflies have a hard time working for other people - abdomens - ability - big eyes - bulkier bodies than damselflies, with a shorter, thicker appearance - enormous eyes, while the eyes of damselflies are smaller and set more widely apart - excellent vision - extremely good vision, which they use to locate and catch small insects in flight - flap wings * Dragonflies have large compound eyes , which is their main sense organ - long, slender bodies that vary in color and are frequently metallic - mandibulate or chewing mouthparts - no hard parts, such as exoskeletons, to fossilize - nymphs that live in water, such as in lakes and rivers - organs - secondary sex organs - some enemies - spindly legs - tremendous eyesight * Dragonflies have two pairs of clear wings and three pairs of legs attached to the thorax - quite separate life stages - sets of paired, transparent wings - veins - very keen vision, with a field of vision that is almost a complete sphere - help control populations of biting flies like mosquitos * Dragonflies hold their wings flat when at rest - out perpendicular to their bodies when resting, like an airplane - spread when they rest, while damselflies hold their wings up - hunt other insects by sight, both as adults and as aquatic nymphs * Dragonflies includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cytoplasm - ears - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles - lift wings * Dragonflies live for weeks - throughout the world - under the water - locate their prey mainly by using their large compound eyes to locate prey - look for their food during the daytime - love to be near water - mate, often in mid-air, in a maneuver reminiscent of passing a baton - need food - often patrol a well defended territory - patrol wetlands in search of smaller insects like flies and midges * Dragonflies play an important role in nature - the control of the mosquito population - possess habitats - provide food for large salmon - quickly reappear when one is clearing the pool of the fern - require water - seek prey - shake wings - sit with their wings spread out horizontally - sometimes stop by to see if there's any water in the meadow - specialize in different kinds of hunting techniques * Dragonflies spend much of their lives as extremely ugly, underwater nymphs - the early part of their lives underwater in the nymph stage - spread wings - start to grow in water and then move into the air and fly - symbolize whirlwind, swiftness and activity - take flight * Dragonflies undergo incomplete metamorphosis during their development - with the female dragonfly typically laying eggs water - usally live by ponds, marshes, slow moving waters or rivers - use sexual reproduction to produce offspring - usually munch their meals while in flight * Many dragonflies migrate across the countryside. * Most dragonflies adapt to environments - can catch prey on the wing - capture their prey in flight, plucking live insects right out of the air - catch pests * Most dragonflies eat food * Most dragonflies has-part eyes * Most dragonflies have abdomens - hold their wings horizontally * Some dragonflies appear in zones - are capable of rapid shifts in direction - can fly non-stop from dawn until dusk, sixteen hours in some cases - change their resting position to prevent overheating - depend on vegetation * Some dragonflies eat ants - fire ants - wing ants * Some dragonflies emerge from lakes - swamp * Some dragonflies fly over water - so high and fast that they are very difficult to catch - give birth to larvae * Some dragonflies have senses - sites - visual senses - hold wings * Some dragonflies live for several years * Some dragonflies live in environments - regions - near ponds - occur in Ireland - require heat * Some dragonflies rest on husks - signal ownership with striking colours on the face, abdomen, legs, or wings - sit on hands - survive for years - thrive in environments * Some dragonflies use penises * is an odonate + Dragonfly, Adults, Eyesight * Dragonflies have tremendous eyesight. Their compound eyes are very large and have up to 50,000 individual lenses. Their eyes wrap around the top of the head. Sight is by far their most important sense, used to catch flies and avoid birds * Some dragonflies change their resting position to prevent overheating. They may use a handstand-like position to prevent overheating on sunny days. The abdomen is raised until its tip points at the sun, minimizing their surface area exposed to the heat. The position is called the 'obelisk posture' - Dragonflies and damselflies * Adult damselflies have thinner, more delicate bodies than those of dragonflies. This you can see even when they are flying. When at rest, most damselflies hold their wings together above the body. Most dragonflies hold their wings horizontally. The eyes of dragonflies are larger, and touch each other + Mosquito, Mosquito control: Flies :: Parasites + Nymph (biology): Insects :: Developmental biology * Some insects have nymphs that are aquatic, which means they live in water. These nymphs look very different from the adults. Dragonflies have nymphs that live in water, such as in lakes and rivers. Nymphs that live in water are sometimes called 'naiads'. * Dragonflies have large compound eyes, which is their main sense organ. They have four strong transparent wings, and a long body. + Pterosaur, Rhamphorhynchoids * The group had a long tail, usually stiffened by rod-like bony tendons to keep it straight. This shows that their flight was extremely stable, which means it kept on course, rather than darted about. This feature is also found in 'Archaeopteryx' and in early bats, and in insects like dragonflies. Some dragonflies are capable of rapid shifts in direction.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| dragonfly: Colorful dragonfly * Colorful dragonflies have wings. * Most colorful dragonflies have wings. Female dragonfly * Female dragonflies lay eggs in or near water , often on plants - near water, often in or on floating or emergent plants + Dragonfly, Reproduction: Odonata * Female dragonflies lay eggs in or near water, often on plants. When laying eggs, some species go under the water to lay their eggs on a good surface. The eggs then hatch into nymphs. While in the nymph stage they eat mosquito larvae and other things. Immature dragonfly * Immature dragonflies are aquatic and are also predatory. * Immature dragonflies have legs - spindly legs - live in freshwater * Most immature dragonflies have legs	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Earwig * All earwigs are insects - omnivores and eat plants and other insects * All earwigs have a pair of hardened abdominal appendages which protrude backwards as a tail - six hooked legs - three body parts , head , thorax , and abdomen * Many earwigs exhibit seclusive behabior. * Most earwigs are omnivores they also eat some insect larvae - omnivorous * Most earwigs cause damage - severe damage - do have wings * Most earwigs eat materials - seeds * Most earwigs have behavior - glands - scent glands - social behavior - stages * Most earwigs show instinct - maternal instinct * Most earwigs undergo gradual metamorphosis - incomplete metamorphosis * Some earwigs become household pests * Some earwigs eat aphids - flowers * Some earwigs have antennas - ears - predators - stripes on the thorax and abdomen - mate in autumn. * They are characterized by wings they can fold under short, leather-like forewings. There are about 1800 species of earwigs. They do not seem to spread any disease, or harm humans in any way. Most of them are 10-14mm long, some species can reach 80mm. Most earwigs are omnivores they also eat some insect larvae * abandon drought-stricken ground to enter structures in search of moisture. * also damage vegetables by entering and enlarging existing holes. * are a common nuisance both indoors and out - long-lived insect, often living a year or more - nuisance pest which can sometimes build up to high populations during warm weather - about the same size as a peanut - abundant and can be found throughout the Americas and Eurasia - active at night and feed on a wide variety of materials * are active at night and hide during the day in cracks and crevices - mainly at night, and are omnivorous scavengers - among the few non-social insects species that show maternal care - as offensive as roaches and produce a foul odor when crushed - attracted to lights - beneficial to gardeners because they prey on aphids - common in America and Europe - considered as pests because they attack domestic plants - dark brown , red , or black - essentially beneficial insects that prey on more harmful insects * are fairly abundant and are found in many areas around the world - found in many areas of the world - found in temperate regions to the tropics and subtropics * are generally creatures found in mulch, beneath boards lying on the ground and such - resistant to cold temperatures, particularly cold winters - greedy, eager eaters - hard-core winter enthusiasts, and spend the frigid season outdoors * are harmless to humans - people - harmless, only occasionally damaging flower blossoms - herbivorous, nocturnal, and they hide in the boxes by day * are interesting in that they show parental care of offspring - insects that have a fearsome reputation - subsocial insects - large predators, easily seen with the naked eye - largely nocturnal in habit, hide during the day in cracks and crevices - mainly scavengers and feed on a variety of foodstuffs * are most active at night and are attracted to lights - common in the summer and most active at night - night creatures * are nocturnal and feed at night - insects feeding on a wide variety of plant material, nectar and some insects - pests that hide from light and feed at night * are nocturnal, actively feeding during the night and hiding during the day - spending their days in humid hideaways under leaves, stones or bark - of little importance except that they frequently become a nuisance in and around homes - omnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of food * are one group which very commonly makes nest for young - of the few insects that show maternal care to their young * are one of the most disliked insects - misunderstood insects - outdoor insects that prefer damp, dark areas - pests mostly by their presence and diet * are primarily nocturnal, feeding at night - scavengers and feed on dead plant and animal material - relatively harmless but in lettuce they can make leaves wilt or rot - small creatures - small, brown insects with a pair of forceps-like appendages in the rear * are some of the deepest nesters of all the common Arizona pests - most interesting insects that are encountered * are ugly insect creatures with a pair of pincers attached to the tail end of their abdomen - little critters with pincers that look frightening * attack fruit - tree fruit * can be of value as predators of certain insect pests. - no physical harm to man * come in cycles, some years are worse than others. * commonly live in yards and gardens. * damage both leaves and fruit. * develop with a gradual metamorphosis from egg to nymph to adult. * eat an omnivorous diet of other insects and plants - live plants and can do damage to field crops - plants and insects - pollen out from flowers - roots * feast on garden plants. * feed at night and hide in cool, moist places during the day - during the night and are omnivores - mostly by night * feed on fruit and foliage - green plants, and other vegetation, and do little damage indoors - living or dead plant material and some insects - plant material such as flowers, but also feed on other insects - primarily at night * frighten many people because of the pincers on the back of their abdomens. * generally enter the home at the ground level, so pay particular attention to low areas. * get their name because the back wings are shaped like ears - from a false European superstition * have a beneficial role in the garden as predator of aphids * have chewing mouth parts which they use to catch and eat insects - mouthparts - five molts in the year before they become adults - gland openings they can exude small amounts of liquid if the insect is disturbed - thin back wings and two thick wings to cover the thin wings * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * influence agricultural crops for both the positive and the negative. * is an insect * like to hide in cracks and dark tight places - under cloth * live all over the world , except Antarctica - for approximately one year, but most often the males die during the winter months - in damp areas, usually around, underneath or in vegetation * mate during the fall and winter. * move into homes to find food or because of a change in weather. * often live in groups of dozens or hundreds of individuals. * prefer dark and damp areas like under sidewalks, and stones - dark, damp, cool places - high-moisture conditions - moist, dark areas * produce one or two generations every year. * reside in dark moist cracks beneath stones, wood and debris. * scurry around at night, searching for other insects or plants on which to feed. * seem to especially like the tender petals of lighter colored petunias. * spread largely by infested plant material, cut flowers, and other human activities. * stay mostly hidden during the day and forage actively at night. * tend to inhabit hidden places where mealybugs are often found. * use the pincers for protection against predators and to hold and manipulate prey. * use their antennae for smelling and feeling - cerci for defense, capturing prey, and sensing the environment * usually live in damp , shady places such as under leaves or in fallen trees - use their pincers to ward off enemies like toads and birds or to catch prey * wait for darkness to begin their search for food and shelter. + Earwig, Diet * All earwigs eat plants. Earwigs eat pollen out from flowers. Some times fruit in the fall like apples. Some times when they live in houses they eat some of our pests like spiders and flies. Only some times they can get honey to eat. On trees you might find them eating moss or fungi - Habitat * Earwigs usually live in damp, shady places such as under leaves or in fallen trees. Earwigs can also be found in your home, mostly in basements or bathrooms, where there are damp and shady places - Physical Characteristics: Insects * All earwigs are insects. All earwigs have three body parts, head, thorax, and abdomen. Earwigs are about the same size as a peanut. * Earwigs are dark brown, red, or black. Earwigs use their antennae for smelling and feeling. Their antennae are attached to their head. All earwigs are a little flat. Some earwigs have stripes on the thorax and abdomen	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| earwig: European earwig * Most european earwigs have behavior * Some european earwigs eat aphids * are nocturnal, so they are active at night. * eat a lot of aphids, which can destroy pear and apple orchards. * exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods. * feed at night on the foliage of various flowers and garden plants. - stages * live on land in areas that have seasons. * mate in the autumn. * use chemicals called pheromones to attract other European earwigs. Female earwig * Most female earwigs show instinct - maternal instinct * are very maternal, an unusual trait for insects. * stay with the eggs and young nymphs. Young earwig * are generally lighter in color than adults. * are similar in appearance to adults but smaller - except that they are smaller in size * resemble adults but are smaller. Ephemeral * Are very short-lived, growing from seed, blooming and dying within a few weeks. * appear, bloom, set seed, then die back before the canopy leaves are fully expanded - blossom and fruit before the trees leaf out, then disappear from sight * are particularly common in the desert - the sprinters of the plant world, sending flower stalks jetting out in a few days * is an insect * send out flower stalks in a few days. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| ephemeral: Spring ephemeral * Many spring ephemerals attract seed-dispersing ants through the production of an elaiosome. * make up a large portion of the spring bloomers. Female insect * Many female insects release an odor to signal their readiness for mating. * Some female insects have bases - projections Few insect * are as unwelcome in homes as cockroaches - of economic importance to Pennsylvania small-grain production * can cause yield loss. * change so much during their life cycle as a butterfly or moth. * have red blood. * live in the oceans or in very cold places, such as Antarctica. + Insect: * As they develop from eggs, insects undergo metamorphosis. Few insects live in the oceans or in very cold places, such as Antarctica. The most species live in tropical areas.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Flea * All fleas are generally big enough to be visible to the human eye - bite - do is feed and breed * FLeas are the number one cause of skin disease in pets. * Most flea saliva stimulates responses - fleas are parasitic on one specific species of animal, including human beings * Most fleas bite domestic animals - people - sick people - carry viruses * Most fleas cause irritation - slight irritation - develop into adults - feed on blood * Most fleas feed on decay matter - plant matter - hosts - kitties - mammals - rodents * Most fleas have environments - larval stages - ranges * Most fleas have wide host ranges - infect cats - lay eggs in dirt or lint, or in their host's nest * Most fleas live on animals - rats - look for mates - pass through stages * Most fleas require blood meals - spread diseases * Most fleas survive for weeks - months - temperature * Most fleas transmit diseases - serious diseases * Most fleas undergo complete metamorphosis * Some fleas attack humans. * Some fleas become chemical science - pupas - can also serve as intermediate hosts for helminth infections - carry bacteria * Some fleas carry dangerous diseases - infectious diseases - tapeworms - cause allergies - contain blood - develop resistance * Some fleas feed on dogs - infect rats - mice - prairie dogs - give birth to tapeworms - have wings - infect people - kill fleas * Some fleas live for months - several months * Some fleas live on dogs - rabbits * Some fleas lose functions - motor functions - prefer nonhuman sources * Some fleas survive climates - cold climates - winter - transmit bacteria * Use an herbal collar or citrus oil spray. * account for most of the skin problems. * acquire the bacillus by feeding on infected rodents. * allergy most commonly involves the area surrounding the base of the tail. * also bring diseases and parasites such as tapeworms. * also can carry larval stages of the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum - transmit a number of diseases - carry dog and cat tapeworms - feed on humans , and some people exhibit flea allergies - have to have both legs or they'd propel themselves sideways * are a nuisance to the existence of dogs and cats - particularly severe pest problem in many parts of the country - vector of plague which is fatal to black-footed ferrets - very common problem in dogs and cats, especially during the spring and summer months - also the intermediate host of the dog tapeworm * are also vectors for tapeworms - of tularemia, a disease related to plague - an external parasite that feeds on the blood of the animal it lives on - arthropods that exist as external parasites on mammalian hosts * are attracted to body heat, movement, and exhaled carbon dioxide - the heat and the brightness of the light, and fall into the trap - basically an animal problem - big money makers for the animal care industry - blood sucking wingless insects * are blood-feeding insects - parasites that can infest many species of birds and mammals * are blood-sucking parasites that prey primarily on mammals - capable of jumps - carriers of tapeworm * are common in the summer months - on dogs and cats, and populations often infest homes that have pets - considered parasites , and they drink the blood of the animal they bite - dangerous in that they can potentially carry diseases - dark colored, ranging from brown to black * are ectoparasites, or parasites that live outside the body - which means that they live on the skin's surface, similar to lice or ticks - everywhere in nature and multiply incredibly fast * are external parasites , living by hematophagy off the blood of mammals and birds - which live by feeding on the blood of mammals and birds - extremely small wingless insects - fairly cosmopolitan and can infest a variety of different mammal species - generally less than three-sixteenth of an inch long - great hitchhikers - hardy parasites that thrive in warm, humid climates - in the carpet or the grass and when the dog lays down the fleas jump onto the dog * are insects that love to feed on kittens - with a very specialized body design - interested in dogs - laterally compressed wingless insects * are located in beds - carpets - cheap hotels - rugs - zoos - masters of camouflage and sneak attacks - mobile enough to move freely over the body of the host or from one host to another * are more dormant in the winter and flourish for the duration of the summer - numerous during summer and autumn - than just itchy - most common during the warmer months of the year - nasty parasites - of an insect family that is drawn to light - one of the most important ectoparasites of companion animals - parasites on warmed-blooded vertebrates * are parasites that feed on humans and other warm blooded animals - live by sucking on the blood of their hosts - tend to live on unhealthy animals with low immune systems - parasitic on warm-blooded animals - parasitic, meaning they suck blood of birds and animals in order to survive - pests of humans and their domestic animals all over the world - red-brown, jumping, parasitic insects - sensitive to humidity * are small but hardy insects - insects that appear flattened from side to side - reddish brown insects - wingless insects averaging two to four millimeters - small, wingless insects that feed on the blood of animals and people * are the intermediate host for the tapeworm - most common and cause itchy, sometimes inflamed, spots * are the most common cause of skin disease and also are the source of the common tapeworm - skin problems in animals - skin problems in dogs and cats - of external parasites for hedgehogs - parasitic skin disease found in dogs - source of insect bites within homes - principal vectors though - tiny brown insects that move through the animal's coat - treated with medicated dusts or sprays - usually more frequent during the warmer summer months - vectors of bubonic plague - vermins - vertically flat like a fish, and can move easily through the hair of a host * are very common parasites in the Vancouver area - democratic and enjoy sucking the blood of a wide variety of hosts * are very small and black - have no wings - bugs - well known for their jumping abilities * become pests when they get into our houses - ravenously hungry, go on feeding frenzy, repeatedly biting victim, spreading disease * bite animals - repeatedly, even when they have satisfied their own hunger - the homeowner as well as their pets and can make life miserable for everyone involved - victims * bites Different people have differing reactions to flea bites. * breed faster in warmer weather. * can also carry other parasites - the larva of a tapeworm * can also transmit such diseases as feline infectious anemia and plague - tapeworms and cause allergies - tapeworms, bacterial diseases, and even the rare bubonic plague * can be a problem during the summer and warm periods - in urban residential areas - source of irritation for a pet, especially if the pet is allergic to fleas - an important nuisance in the summer and fall outdoors - difficult to kill * can carry or transmit various diseases such as the bacterium that causes bubonic plague - tapeworms, too - the bacterium that causes Cat Scratch Fever in humans * can cause allergic reactions and carry tapeworms - anemia and even death in young pets - anemia, skin irritations, and allergies in cats - health problems for cats including anemia, severe skin problems, and tapeworms - serious health problems for a young kitten, such as anemia - skin irritation on dogs called flea allergy dermatitis - come from plants and the outdoors - complete their development even with the absence of a host - continue to develop inside vacuum cleaner bags and re-infest the house - contribute to skin problems and carry tapeworm - infest household pets and other small animals - insert a sort of time-out into their life cycle if there is no animal around to feed on - jump several times a second - live for months without food * can live for several months - weeks or months in carpet - in carpeting for up to a year - occur year round in warm climates or on any pet that lives indoors - overwinter in unoccupied structures without a host for many months - remain in a structure long after the host mammals have been removed * can reproduce on untreated dogs and cats and allow infestations to persist - pets and allow infestations to persist - serve as a vector - spread tapeworm * can stay in the cocoon for periods ranging from less than a week to more than four months - pupal stage for up to a year * can transmit diseases - human diseases, and also tapeworms * carry disease and are a host for the tapeworm. * carry tapeworm eggs - tapeworms, and a bad infestation can cause serious loss of blood * cause discomfort by biting, can cause allergies and transmit tapeworms - most the allergic reactions in pets * continue to feed and breed throughout the winter but often do so at reduced rates. * currently show no signs of resistance to modern adulticides. * deposit small white eggs on the animal, which usually fall off into the bedding area. * develop by complete metamorphosis - through a life cycle known as complete metamorphosis * dips to treat mange are available commercially for both cats and dogs. * dislike citrus smells. * do cause tapeworms in both dogs and cats. * don t eat only when they are hungry. * drown in liquid when jumping to light. * exist on all pets. * feed on blood from the pet for about a week, then jump off to lay their eggs - our pets by sucking their blood * feed on the blood of dogs, cats, and people - puppy s blood and cause itching - their animal hosts, but spend most of their time off the animal * go through a complete metamorphosis. * harbor tapeworms. * hate garlic. * have a complete life cycle - well built body for jumping - appearances - four stages to their lifecycle - long legs that are modified for jumping long distances - mouthparts that are used to pierce the skin and suck the blood of their hosts - remarkable corkscrew genital apparatus - strong jointed legs * hide around baseboards, in cracks in floors and in hard to reach areas - ears, in armpits, between paws and skin folds, and at the base of the tail * hop onto their hosts and pierce the skin to ingest a blood meal. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * infest animals - birds and mammals, including people, and are especially abundant on rodents - wild animals * ingest it as they bite. * larvae metamorphose through four stages before spinning a cocoon and entering the pupal stage. * lay their eggs in dusty areas, rugs, and cracks between floorboards - there eggs while on the host - tiny, white, oval-shaped eggs better viewed through a loupe or magnifying glass * like to hide in dark, moist, and shady areas. * like to live in an environment that is warm, where they can live up to a year - on pets if possible * live much of their cycle on pets but their eggs mature deep in carpets and upholstery. - blood and in severe infestations can consume enough blood to cause anaemia - outdoors during warm weather * love tall grass, shaded areas and some moisture - to hide in carpet, furniture, etc * love warm, dark spots - moist climates - water and humidity * make up another insect order. * mate on the pet, and both sexes bite. * need blood. * occur naturally - year-round in pets living indoors * often bite several times in direct succession, until their appetite is satisfied - breed in large numbers where pets and other animals live - cause serious allergies to infested animals and humans * only feed on humans and other mammals in the adult stage. * pass their time on their host eating, breeding and laying eggs. * pass through a complete life cycle consisting of egg, larvae, pupa, and adult - stages of egg, larv a, pupa, and adult * prefer the blood of pets - to wait and jump onto a passing animal * produce many eggs, which become larvae and pupae. * remain close to their hosts, living in their nests and homes, preferring warm humid sites. * reproduce exponentially - much like butterflies do - warm-blooded hosts for development and for egg maturation * seem to congregate where animals sleep. * spend part of their life cycle snoozing in rugs, under furniture, and in closets. * spend the majority of their time off the dog - vast majority of their time off the puppy * spread bubonic plague, one of the most feared diseases - parasites and disease - the common dog and cat tapeworm, and carry several viral and bacterial diseases - through homes, buildings, and yards - throughout homes, animal quarters and yards * stay in the burrows after killing prairie dogs, waiting for a new host, eventually dying. * stimulate the immune system both by carrying tapeworms and more directly by biting an animal. * survive by feeding on blood * swallow the eggs, which then undergo some development in the flea. * take more time to be affected. * tend to migrate towards the head. * thrive during our warm, muggy South Carolina summers. * thrive in a warm and humid environment and, while wingless, they can jump as high as two feet - heat and humidity and are most active in summer and fall - the hot weather and one flea can lay millions of eggs * thrive in warm, humid conditions, but can turn up in any climate - moist environments and climates * transmit diseases such as plague, typhus and tularemia to humans * transmit plague carried by rat fleas - to humans and animals when biting and feeding on blood * travel by repeatedly jumping with their powerful hind legs until they find a host. * undergo a metamorphic life-cycle, similar to a butterfly or moth * use their hosts' blood as food - whatever material they are living in to make the cocoon * usually lay their eggs on their hosts - live and breed most heavily where pets rest - require warm and humid conditions to develop + Flea (musician): 1962 births :: Living people :: American punk musicians :: Red Hot Chili Peppers :: Musicians from Los Angeles, California :: Musicians from New York :: Bassists :: American rock guitarists :: Australian guitarists :: Musicians from Melbourne :: Australian rock musicians :: Warner Bros. Records artists * Flea is known for his unique bass style. He uses a wide range of bass guitar techniques, mainly popping and slapping and changing the speed of his tempo during songs and his quick improvisation. Flea is also a skilled trumpet player. Flea was the band member responsible for getting John Frusciante back into the band.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| flea: Adult flea * are small flat brown wingless insects that can be seen with the naked eye - small, brown and wingless, a little larger than the size of a pinhead * bite pets. * have appearances. * have piercing-sucking mouth parts - mouthparts and the larvae chewing mouthparts * infest pets. * require blood meals Cat flea * Most cat fleas have larval stages - ranges * Most cat fleas have wide host ranges * Most cat fleas survive for weeks - temperature - transmit diseases * Some cat fleas feed on dogs. * are fleas - the most common fleas on dogs and cats * can spread bartonella - transmit other parasites and infections to dogs and cats and also to humans - three larval stages, none of which live or feed on a host Female flea * can lay eggs only if they've had a meal. * lay eggs, usually on the host, after taking a blood meal. * mate only once. * requires a blood meal prior to ovogensis.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Fly * All flies look the same, no matter what their mutations. * All flies undergo complete metamorphosis , i.e., a four-stage development - egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages * Flies Use mint as a fly repellent. * Flies actually do things other than mate, contaminate and irritate - transfer pollen from one flower to another * Flies also appear to look at the world they inhabit differently based on sex - become a terrible problem and can cause dogs health and skin problems - destroy our food, especially grains and fruits - have a pair of transparent wings - look differently to fish on bright day than on cloudy day - spread disease and parasites to animals - appear to be more active in hot weather and add to horses' discomfort * Flies are a huge problem for herders - problem in most eating establishments - real hazard and can easily spread disease - active carriers of infection - adapted for aerial movement and typically have short and streamlined bodies * Flies are also disease spreaders, as they also prefer to land and dine on feces and rotting things - great information processors, taking in visual information much faster than humans - interesting because they are only active during the day - amongst the most prolific breeders - an even greater threat to human health than cockroaches * Flies are attracted by odor - to the UV rays, and once inside, they get zapped * Flies are capable of great manoeuvrability during flight due to the presence of the halteres - rapid, coordinated flight through complex environments - common in most horse country - complex life forms, in spite of their high level of irritability - easy to dispose of when they die compared with other specimens - eaten by other animals at all stages of their development - ethnically clean because they've never found anybody else to sleep with - everywhere - generally common and can be found all over the world except Antarctica - good for both inner and outer pecs - great opportunists and as adults they also eat a great variety of foods - household pests, but they are primarily associated with livestock stables - important pollinators, second only to the bees and their Hymenopteran relatives - insects with two wings - known carriers of pinkeye * Flies are most active in wet kitchen scraps - susceptible to pyrethroid poisoning shortly before dawn - notorious for defecating wherever they land - often pollinators of simple, bowl or cluster blossoms - one of the most diverse groups of insects * Flies are pests of cattle mainly during the warmer months of the year - pets kept outdoors - predominantly symbols of satanic beings - responsible for carrying the causative bacteria - scarce but butterflies, beetles, and grasshoppers are abundant - soft-bodied, and go through complete metamorphosis - the major food for sub-adult fish, while adults feed primarily on caddis flies * Flies are the most active of all insects - numerous and economically important species of marine insects * Flies are the only insects that have only two - major group of insects that have only one pair of wings - primary transmitters of the bacteria from herd to herd as well as from eye to eye - vectors, unsanitary conditions, etc - belong to the class of Insecta and make up the order Diptera - bite harder and are more persistent on approaching storms * Flies bite more before a rain - the start of a rain * Flies breed in moist areas with rotting organic material - decaying organic matter - when the weather is warm enough, and there is food for their larvae - build up in high numbers on cattle * Flies can also cause mastitis in heifers - spread the disease * Flies can also transmit anaplasmosis - other diseases from one animal to another * Flies can be a menace to public health - nuisance - problem in summer * Flies can breed in infected feces and contaminate food - and then contaminate the food - bring to the surface and distribute amoebae spores or typhoid bacilli * Flies can carry disease from one pen to another - the bacteria from feces to food - discourage people from remaining in or visiting certain areas - get athlete's foot - queue up in an orderly manner to consume resources - see behind their head - serve as carriers of the amebic cysts * Flies can spread disease from contact with infectious sources - excrement to uncovered food - ringworm - taste with their feet and smell with their antennae - transmit enough of the bacteria from waste products to infect items of food - carry germs that cause diseases * Flies carry many bacteria on their bodies - different diseases which can affect humans as well - serious diseases - more than typhoid fever * Flies cause discomfort and stress in cattle, resulting in production losses - little or no problem in gravity-flow systems - stress and also carry mastitis causing bacteria from teat end to teat end - two main problems in dogs during the warm months - cluster on the warm sides of buildings in late summer during the day * Flies come in all shapes and sizes - varieties, dry flies, nymphs, streamers, saltwater, etc - constitute a major economic and health problem in the animal husbandry industry - containing functional circadian genes did become sensitized to cocaine - contaminate humans food by walking over it - continue to lay eggs and are attracted to no-till situations - create problems when they bite * Flies deposit eggs in moist soil containing decaying plant material - under the skin of apples - stomach worm larvae in skin lesions and some body areas, thus causing summers sores - develop in overripe fruit and become abundant in homes - disperse the spores * Flies display signs of hyperactivity and incoordination followed by sedation and hypnosis - hyperactivity, incoordination, followed by sedation and hypnosis * Flies do like honey - very well with their single pair of fore wings - emerge earlier from light sandy soils than from heavy or wet soils - exhibit complete metamorphosis - expressing such mutant proteins show a dose-dependent loss of photoreceptors * Flies feed and breed in the dry system - on the plant secretions caused by oviposition, and also on natural exudates * Flies feeding on faeces are responsible for much transmission of disease - lesions are potential mechanical vectors - flourish due to lack of insecticides - fly up and also toward the light, which comes from the outside - generally engage in courting or mating behavior, after which they copulate - get the germs from garbage and sewage - go into diapause during food shortages * Flies have a daily rhythm - very simple life cycle with a fast maturity rate - all that plus two wings and halteres - great powers of dispersal and they rapidly discover bodies, usually ahead of beetles - hairs that appear as reproducable patterns from one individual to another - hooks on their feet and sticky pads - large compound eyes but bees have simple eyes * Flies have mouthparts formed like a sponge to soak up liquids - modified for sucking or piercing, and the mouthparts often form a proboscis - one pair of normal wings * Flies have only one pair of wings - the front pair of wings - the highest wing-beat frequency of any living animal - wonderfully large, banded chromosomes - help to spread the eggs, as does the wind - ingest only liquid food - jump up and backwards when taking off - kill sheep by laying eggs anywhere and everywhere they can in sheep - lacerate the skin and suck blood - land on the waste and spread disease - lay eggs in the soil near the seedling or plant * Flies lay eggs on plant stems or near the ground level - wet, decaying material - like to lay their eggs in fruity things lightly covered with yeast - live in the humid earthen burrows of rodents and other small mammals * Flies mutant for dachsous exhibit a tissue polarity phenotype - zpg are viable but sterile with very small gonads * Flies normally have two copies of the trp gene - live only about a month - occur almost anywhere and are attracted by foods and breeding sources - often lay their eggs in garbage, animal droppings, and other smelly places - only have two wings, so count the wings - play a variety of symbolic roles in different cultures - pollinate a few specialized flowers - possess only one pair of functional wings, the hind pair being greatly reduced in size * Flies prefer to breed in the center of a room - stick with dirty areas such as fecal matter or garbage bins for egg laying - produce flies, dogs produce dogs, and seeds from maple trees produce maple trees - react the same way, with the same small body movements - recognize male and female members of their species, just like people do - search low for food sources - seeking shelter in early autumn are harbingers of frosty mornings and cold storms - seem to be the main issue after moisture overload - serve as mechanical vectors - show a selectivity of response to sugars based on molecular size and structure - smell with special cells in olfactory hairs on their antennae and palps - suppress fire ants - swarm around leftover food - take a high proportion of their meals from people using watering places and river points * Flies taste food with specific cells on their tarsal hairs * Flies tend to build up immunity to a single product, which reduces the effectiveness of the control - cross fences and move between their feeding periods - lay their eggs first in moist places in the body like the eyes and mouth - thrown at right angles are difficult for the fish to eat, even if they wanted to - transmit leishmaniasis, and African sleeping sickness - unmask evolutionary warfare between the sexes * Flies use their feet for many purposes - vision more than most insects do - usually spend most of their lives as a larva or a pupa - vomit on their food - walk freely on a glass surface covered with a thin layer of red laser light * Many flies also have a calypter or membranous lobe at the base the wings. * Many flies are harmful either as carriers of disease or as destroyers of crops - parasitic, feeding on moth caterpillars, beetle grubs, and other pest species - representative of the food that fish eat - very small, light, and fluffy - do most of their feeding as larvae - have a very short life cycle because they often breed in unstable environments - lap their food with sponging mouthparts - mate in flight while swarming * Most flies are active during the day and so have large compound eyes on the sides of their heads - deaf - single-hooked and the hooks are usually smaller - have green eyes - live less then a year - prefer to lay eggs in meat but are happy with veggies too, especially fruit flies * Some flies act as parasites for other pest species, keeping their numbers down - also eat grasshopper eggs - are only active during the day, others at night - breed on apple fruits other breed on hawthorn fruits - build up rapid resistance to the active ingredient in many insecticides - can transmit disease by contaminating human food - come in different colors but have a specific characteristic and name - even mate in mid-air - produce predatory maggots that feed on other maggots - require a slight unevenness to their tips * is an insect * often are dirty and carry plague. + Drosophila melanogaster, Behaviour, Flight: Genetics :: Drosophila :: Model organisms * The wings of a fly are capable of beating at up to 220 times per second. Flies fly via straight sequences of movement interspersed by rapid turns called 'saccades'. During these turns, a fly is able to rotate 90 degrees in fewer than 50 milliseconds. + Halteres: Flies :: Evolutionary biology * The halteres evolved from wings. Ancestral flying insects had two pairs of wings, like dragonflies, hymenoptera and lepidoptera still do. Flies have only the front pair of wings.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: Blow fly * Blow flies are about the size of a house fly or a little larger, many are metallic blue or green - of house flies or slightly larger - larger than houseflies and have a shiny, metallic body texture - one of the most common flies found around dead animals * Blow flies are the first kind of insect attracted to an animal carcass following death - most common insects associated with a dead body - usually the first insects to colonize a body, frequently within minutes after death - breed most commonly on decayed carcasses and droppings of dogs or other pets - can invade a corpse within minutes of death, and flesh flies follow close behind - make an audible buzzing sound while flying and hence they can be very easily spotted * Blow flies play an essential role in nature by decomposing dead tissue in the wild<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: Cluster fly * Cluster flies are also slightly larger than the house fly, but are dark gray in color - covered with fine golden hairs and have no stripes on the thorax - dark gray to black in color - difficult to control in homes because they hibernate within inaccessible places - generally slower and clumsier than other types of similar flies - large, black slow flies, that closely resemble house flies - larger than the previous flies, and seem sluggish in comparison - one of the most annoying flies found in homes during the cool seasons - parasites of earthworms - parasitic on certain earthworms - unusual in being parasites of earthworms, but are harmless to humans - usually more of a problem in Northern and Eastern states - can enter through an amazingly small space - collect in wall voids, under siding and overhangs and in attics * Cluster flies develop as parasites inside the bodies of earthworms - during the summer as parasites inside the bodies of earthworms - fly very slowly when they just wake up - have a completely different life cycle - seek shelter in buildings during the fall - spend the winter relatively inactive in attics and wall voids - tend to hibernate between the wall studs or floor joists<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: Deer fly * Deer flies are a genus that belongs to the family commonly called horse-flies - active for the most part during daylight hours but a few feed after dark - day biters, produce a painful bite, and frequently draw blood in the process * Deer flies are usually active for specific periods of time during the summer - most active in the early morning and late evening - smaller and more colorful than horse flies * Deer flies can be a problem later in the summer - pests to cattle, horses, and humans - have a one year life cycle - prefer wet breeding sites and horse flies prefer wet soil near water - seem to be attracted to moving objects and dark shapes - tend to bite around the head and neck areas * Most deer flies require a blood meal to develop eggs. * Some deer flies carry bacteria that cause a disease called tularemia in rabbits and hares. Drain fly * Drain flies are a common problem in restaurant sinks and drains, etc - common, Major health hazard - insects - small and dark grey - small, dark, fuzzy, moth-like insects * Drain flies breed in floor drains, sink overflows, and unused urinals, sump pumps and sewers - polluted shallow water or the scum that often collects around drains Dry fly * Dry flies are flies - puffy in appearance and float on the water's surface as flying insects do - the ones which float * Dry flies float on the surface of the water, while wet flies go under the surface - top of the water - require a floating line with a soft landing	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: Female fly * Female flies are female animals - attack animals while males are attracted to flowers - feed on secretions from the wounds and orifices of cattle and horses - have four crossbands on the abdomen, and males have three * Female flies lay eggs in fruit - just under the skin of the apple - on or near suitable habitats - white, oblong eggs in groups just under the skin of mature, ripening fruit * Most female flies produce hundreds of eggs. Flower fly * Flower flies are easy to find during the summer in Kentucky. * Most flower flies feed on aphids, grasping their prey and sucking out the body fluids. * Some flower flies are parasitic, laying eggs on the eggs of harmful insects. Hessian fly * Hessian flies are flies - attack small grains, including wheat, rye, barley and some wild grasses * is one of the worst insect enemies of wheat. * potential insect problem for durum, as are rusts.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: Horn fly * Horn flies are flies - pests only in pasture or rangeland systems * Horn flies can actively fly or be moved by the wind for neighbor's cattle to have maximum effect - cause cattle to have decreased weight gains - cause most of the economic loss - die naturally after a short time off of the animal * Horn flies feed by piercing the hide and sucking the blood - mainly on cattle but also attack sheep, goats, horses, swine and other animals - primarily on the withers, around the horns, and along the back - while hanging downward on the sides and legs of cattle and horses - occur in open pastures and rangeland - spend most of their time on the animal - tend to rest quietly until disturbed whereas other flies always seem to be on the move Male fly * Male flies are often smaller than females. * Male flies feed on nectar and are of no consequence as animal pests - pollen - have sex combs on their front legs - help the females to bank sperm - produce an auditory stridulatory sound or signal during courtship * Some male flies form compact swarms. Melon fly * Melon flies do attack beans, tomatoes, eggplant, bell peppers, melons, squash, and other cucurbits. * causes considerable damage to all cucurbit crops everywhere it occurs - losses on cucurbit crops, though no specific data are available<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: Stable fly * Stable flies appear similar to house flies. * Stable flies are also important pests in range or pasture situations - blood feeders - blood-feeders - blood-sucking and are attracted to the ears of dogs - capable of long flights in search of a blood meal - insects - similar in size to the house fly * Stable flies are vicious biters commonly associated with dairy and equine operations - often flying from host to host until their appetites are whetted - worldwide pests of livestock and man - attack horses' legs and abdomens, and bites result in nodules and crusty lesions * Stable flies bite a horse's skin until it bleeds and then feed on the blood - at horses until they bleed, feeding on the blood * Stable flies breed in decaying organic matter - vegetable matter and in manure, if mixed with straw * Stable flies can be a problem both indoors or out - quite numerous during periodic hatches, mostly along shorelines - cause cattle to bunch and disrupt cooling - feed mainly on the legs and bellies of cattle and horses * Stable flies feed on most species of domestic livestock, but are major pests of cattle and horses - the ears of dogs, particularly German shepherds and greyhounds - leave black specks which are the product of blood digestion - prefer to attack people around the ankles - resemble house flies - rest in shady areas during the heat of the day - tend to bite man around the ankles	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: True fly * True Flies have complete metamorphosis - flies appear to have only two wings * True flies are a diverse group - from the order Diptera and have more recently adapted in many environments * True flies have one pair of wings, while other flying insects have two pairs - only one pair of wings, and sometimes, none at all - two wings, but they evolved from insects that had four wings - possess only a single pair of wings<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| fly: Tsetse fly * Most tsetse flies are physically very tough. * Tsetse flies are attracted to bright colours, very dark colours and moving vehicles - day biters - found only in Africa and they live in rural environments - poor flyers and can only fly short distances - the cyclic vectors of sleeping sickness and African animal trypanosomosis - vectors of trypanosomiasis that affects humans as well as domestic livestock - breed slowly - have three distinct symbionts - inhabit Africa only south of the Sahara * Tsetse flies occur in Africa - today in tropical Africa and as fossils in the Florissant formation White fly * White flies are a problem in cotton and peanuts in some areas - tenacious insects that can be very difficult to control - the only pest to look for - can be a persistent, irritating problem - look like, well, white flies - seem to be somewhat lower in most fields, but can easily be found * can be very difficult to get rid of. * carries a virus that causes a curling of the tomato leaves. * finds tomato plants a great source of food. Yellow fly * Most yellow flies like to be in the shade, and they stay away from bright sunlight. * is another name for deer fly - really another name for deer fly<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Fruit fly * All fruit flies are very small insects that lay their eggs in various plant tissues. * Fruit flies are a problem in Middle Guinea more so than Upper Guinea - serious pests in areas where they are problem * Fruit flies are among the easiest to collect and observe - most serious pests of citrus worldwide - an invertebrate commonly used in animal testing - attracted to rotting fruit or sweet smelling scraps in the bin - common subjects for biologists as they breed quickly There are side effects - easy to get and maintain - geneticists' experimental animal of choice - known to have nociceptors, and it is likely that other insects do, too - light brownish yellow in colour with bands across the abdomen - more of a nuisance than a serious problem - most important group of pests which attack guava - much more complex than already complex single-cell bacteria - no different - primarily nuisance pests - small and easy to raise in the laboratory - attack the ripe fruits * Fruit flies can be an occasional nuisance - provide clues to understanding human genetic diseases - exhibit the same reaction, and humans are predicted to respond similarly - gestate in eleven minutes - get their common name from their small size and fondness of some fruits - has a small number of easily identifiable chromosomes * Fruit flies have five pairs - no lungs - really huge genes, visible under a microscope * Fruit flies have several advantages over hatchling crickets as a live food - varieties of retrotransposons - three pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes - make up a large number of species - prefer a diet of yeast, that marvelous microbe that eats fruit and spits out alcohol - produce a large number of offspring - seem to find rotting fruit and go wild with it - stop at that to achieve dosage compensation - threaten a variety of California agriculture products - use antennas for hearing * Most fruit flies have red eyes but occasionally some appear with white ones. * break out in California. * have blood like substances. * is an insect * serious pest where they are a problem.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Gall midge * Some gall midges eat aphids. * Some gall midges feed on juniper - western juniper * can induce rounded stem and leaf galls or ridgelike vein galls. Giant insect * Most giant insects have characteristics - unfortunate characteristics * sing perky songs.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Gnat * All gnats have long, hairlike antennae, which are particularly well-developed in the males. * are another airborne nuisance - capable of flies - categorized under the animalia kingdom and belong to the arthropoda phylum - mosquitos - prolific from late Spring till the end of the trout fishing season - small flies that sometimes are in big groups called 'swarm's - software * bother people because they are hungry. * is an insect * make their homes out of it. + Fly, Kinds of flies: Flies * Some flies do not have the word 'fly' in their name, so people may not know they are flies. Mosquitoes are flies that bite people and can carry diseases, such as malaria. Midges are small flie, a bit like like mosquitoes, but not all midges bite. Gnats are small flies that sometimes are in big groups called 'swarm's.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| gnat: Black fly * Black flies are a scourge to livestock in Canada, causing weight loss in cattle and sometimes death - daytime biters preferring low wind conditions - minute, stout bodied and humpbacked - small enough to pass through window screen or come indoors on or in the hair - small, dark, chunky flies that look humpbacked - unusually sneaky and persistent * Black flies breed exclusively in running water - in running water, unlike mosquitoes, which breed in stagnant water * Black flies can discriminate between colors often preferring black, blue and green - occur in enormous numbers - contract the parasites by feeding on an already infected person - get into the nose, eyes, ears, and mouth and crawl into clothing when abundant - hatch in cold running water - have one to several generations per year - live as larvae in shallow, clear, fast-running water in rivers and streams - raise welts that itch for a month - remain active all day - serve as vectors of human and animal diseases in some areas of the world - spend most of their lives in running water<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| goldeneye: Common goldeneye * Most common goldeneyes have heads - necks - patches - round white patches * Some common goldeneyes eat aquatic insects - have bases * are excellent swimmers and divers, they forage in small groups. * are found in all four flyways - throughout North America and Eurasia - medium-sized diving ducks - monogamous * breed yearly, although some individuals do skip occasional years. * eat mainly aquatic insects during breeding season in northern, boreal lakes. * spend most of their time on the water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Grasshopper * All grasshoppers begin their lives as eggs. * Many grasshoppers eat from several host plants in one day , while others stay on one host plant - have clear wings but some have yellow, red or blue wings * Most grasshoppers adapt to conditions - dry conditions - environments * Most grasshoppers are basically reddish brown or yellow with variously colored markings - green, brown, or olive-green - known as locusts - located in grass - plant feeders, attacking crops such as wheat, barley, corn, rye, and oats - primarily grass and foliage feeders - begin life - cause damage - chew leaves * Most grasshoppers destroy corn - seedlings * Most grasshoppers eat bushes - food - grain - small grain - vegetables - enter gardens - go to gardens * Most grasshoppers has-part legs - stomachs * Most grasshoppers have coloration - eardrums - faces - hind legs - incomplete metamorphosis - mortality - powerful legs - unique coloration - hide in bushes * Most grasshoppers inhabit arid regions - invade gardens * Most grasshoppers lay eggs in production areas outside of crops - their eggs in untilled soil * Most grasshoppers live in fields - pasture - love heat * Most grasshoppers make noise - sound - migrate to wood - never become locusts, though, and can even become fun and easy pet * Most grasshoppers possess bodies - chromosomes * Most grasshoppers prefer grass plants - herbs - produce sound - rely on symbiotic bacteria in their gut to digest plant matter - seek plants - sit in fields - spend the winter in the egg stage in the soil - stand on legs - threaten plants - thrive in heat * Most grasshoppers use jaws - strong jaws * Some Grasshoppers are adapted to specialized habitats - even make alarm calls when danger is near - grasshoppers become locusts * Some grasshoppers chew crops * Some grasshoppers destroy crops - develop into adults * Some grasshoppers eat gardens - mice - get eat by rats - hatch in the fall and over winter as nymphs or adults * Some grasshoppers have ears - enemies - flavour - holes * Some grasshoppers have many enemies - natural enemies - organs - reproductive organs - stages - years - invade territory * Some grasshoppers live for several years * Some grasshoppers live in countries - schoolyards - migrate to crops * Some grasshoppers occur in provinces - western provinces - possess enemies * Some grasshoppers prefer food sources - reach adulthood * Some grasshoppers return to food - nests - shed skin - sit on ragweeds - spit a brown bitter liquid as a defensive behavior in response to being handled - spread wings - survive winter * Some grasshoppers undergo incomplete metamorphosis * prefer to eat grasses, leaves and cereal crops, but many grasshoppers are omnivorous. Many grasshoppers eat from several host plants in one day, while others stay on one host plant. One of the 8000 species of grasshopper eats only a single species of plant * affect the available forage that ranching depends on. * also attack wheat growing in field margins - can cause considerable damage - come equipped with five eyes - fall prey to a number of birds * also feed on pods, but they bite completely though the pod and destroy the seed - bite completely through the pod and destroy the seed - bite completely through the pod and into the seed * also have six legs, two pairs of wings, and two antennae - tympanal organs for sound reception - try to escape from their enemies hiding in the grass or among leaves * are a diverse and very successful type of insect - group of insects - favoured food in late summer * are a major problem for commercial gardens - in peaches - problem, especially near or at harvest - threat in drought-stressed crops in Alberta and western Saskatchewan - type of insect with long hind legs that can leap high into the air and fly - yearly problem in New Mexico * are able to chew directly through the pod walls and damage seed directly - shed a hind-limb by autotomy * are also present in several areas - reliant on the surroundings to change their colors - always a problem when alfalfa is sod-seeded into grass pastures - an important food for other animals - brownish-green with chewing mouthparts and jumping rear legs - chewing insects, so they have very large mandibles, or jaws - cocktails - devastating forage and tree crops - distinctive because of their large back legs - eaten by mice and other rodents, fox and coyotes and other small mammals - ecologically significant in the prairie * are especially destructive, sometimes completely defoliating the plants - tasty treats for the birds - extremely fragile * are found on all continents except Antarctica - every continent in the world except Antarctica - general feeders and can quickly strip garden plants of foliage when numerous - generally solitary except for mating behavior and move about independently - gruesome, and wasps are menacing - harmful because they eat farmers' crops - herbivore, that is they eat plants - important food for mice, songbirds, burrowing owls, ducks, and pheasants * are insects that can hop, walk, and fly - which are closely related to locusts - integral to natural food chains * are located in fields - mainly nocturnal, or active at night, and are plant-eating insects * are major crop pests, particularly when they collect in swarms - they collect into swarms - mobile and often move between bands - most susceptible to insecticides when they are young, at the beginning of summer - much easier to control when they are nymphs - near sighted but can distinguish colors - occasional pests of ornamental landscapes * are one example of pest insects that eat plants in agriculture - of the most important insect pests in Colorado - paurometabolous - pests to both rural and urban gardeners and farmers - physiologically similar to most other insects - powerful fliers with narrow wings and slender bodies - present in soybean and alfalfa field edges - primarily herbivores and feed on various plants - rather general feeders and can cause locally severe injury to ornamental plants - six inches long and can knock a man off a bicycle - sometimes a problem on amaryllis grown outdoors - susceptible to many insecticides - thought to live in the tropical wet forests * are typically medium to large insects - present in field crops below economic thresholds - vegetarian insects, which can jump, walk and fly - vermins - very scarce in Europe as they love dry, warm countries - vulnerable to various predators during each stage of their life cycle * begin egg laying one to three weeks after becoming adults * breed and develop in dry, undisturbed sites such as pastures, empty lots and roadsides. * can also be deep fried - be important herbivores - fly at speeds up to eight miles per hour * can jump far - two feet high and four feet forward - lay eggs underwater * cause billions of dollars in damage to food crops annually, worldwide * change their form during their lifetime. * continue to be a problem in hay fields across the state - pastures and peach orchards - cause damage to fields - damage row crops and alfalfa, particularly in southern Oklahoma * continue to increase and are causing damage to crops - in number and are prevalent throughout the state * deposit their eggs in soil in the fall and hatch in the spring. * develop through five to six instars - stages progressively get larger in body and wing size * eat a lot - mainly cereal crops, grasses, and leaves * eat the flowers and foliage - grass and are in turn eaten by chickens, which are then eaten by people - grasses directly and are in turn eaten by spiders, fish and birds - prairie grasses * emerge and can become a problem at varying times throughout the summer - from eggs and begin hopping through the grassy meadows * fall randomly in between migratory and nonmigratory groups. * favor certain vegetable plants such as lettuce, carrots and onions - feeding on certain vegetable plants as lettuce, carrots and onions * feed from the outer edge of the leaf inward giving the leaf a tattered appearance - on the grass * frequently succumb to disease organisms as well as a variety of predators. * get air through breathing holes on their abdomens. * hatch in dry climates and buffalo and cattle overgraze the grass. * have Five Eyes. * have a chewing-type mouthpart but have an incomplete life cycle - high reproductive capacity - three part body and a hard shell exoskeleton of chitin - and open circulatory system with only a dorsal blood vessel - back legs built for jumping - big back legs used for hopping from one piece of grass to the next - bumpy legs and stiff wings - chewing mouthparts and leave holes in leaves or consume the entire leaf - clear blood and a tube-like heart * have ears on the first segment of the abdomen - their bellies - exoskeletons - legs that are elongated and muscular for jumping - light receptors in their eyes that trigger hormonal changes and growth - little green berets - mouthparts similar to a human's mouth to help chew plants * have one generation per year in Canada - large compound eye on each side of their head - several ways of producing sound - short antennae in comparison to crickets - small holes on the sides of their bodies - strong jaws for grabbing and chomping food * have two bulky eyes on top of the head - claws at the end of each leg * hear through their knees. * hemolymph in their circulatory system has chambers like the human heart. * hop and fly. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * ingest hair worms when they eat leaves where hair worm females have laid eggs - hairworms as they feed upon leaves where hairworm females have laid eggs * is an insect * jump by catapulting themselves into the air - or fly away, and then hide if they can - very well * laugh and dance and play all summer, without producing anything. * lay eggs in pods each fall - undisturbed areas, usually in late summer and early fall * live in all parts of the world, except the North and South poles - grassy areas and in fields * locate host plants by visual and olfactory means. * make good food for some - music by stridulating or crepitating * make up a large part of a young bluebird's diet - more than half of animal diet * missing a common name are in blue. * mostly eat grass, but crickets are partial to animal matter aswell. * name used for number fo families of related insects. * only have one body cavity, that being their mouth. * produce a variety of sounds generated by complex movements of the hindlegs - sound by two mechanisms called stridulation and crepitation * provide an important source of protein to people in many parts of the world. * receive their water from the food they eat. * reproduce sexually. * seek out sunny sites and bask to keep an optimal temperature * skip the larva stage. * sometimes show up. * take large trout late in the summer months. * tend to be more of a problem during dry weather. - open, sunny environments, like prairies, pastures and fields * transmit the viruses. * typically become mature and very active in mid to late summer. * undergo simple metamorphosis. * use hind legs - their long antennae in order to make sense of their surroundings * usually feed on plant material. * visit fields. + Grasshopper, As food: Orthoptera * Grasshoppers make good food for some. They are high in protein, minerals and vitamins. + Insect, Insects and people: * Other pest insects do not directly hurt people. Termites and some beetles eat wood and sometimes eat buildings, such as houses. However, termites also help break down the trees and branches that fall on the forest floor. Grasshoppers are one example of pest insects that eat plants in agriculture. + Xerochrysum bracteatum, Ecology: Asteraceae * The brightly colored bracts act as petals to attract insects such as hoverflies, native bees and small beetles that pollinate the florets. Grasshoppers also visit the flower heads. The tiny fruits are dispersed by wind, and germinate and grow after fire or on disturbed ground.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| grasshopper: Differential grasshopper * are well adapted to feeding on cultivated crops and are also good fliers - yellow in appearance and have a fishbone pattern on their hind femurs * common corn pest.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| grasshopper: Katydid * Most katydids are generally green, but brown, white, and even pink varieties have been found - green and have long wings - omnivorous, feeding on vegetation, seeds, carrion and occasional prey - consume fruit - do have wings * Most katydids eat flowers - leaves - fold wings * Most katydids have sharp spikes * Most katydids inhabit areas - countries * Most katydids live in arid climates * Some katydids have cones * Some katydids look like dead leaves - use strategies * also have good hearing - make noise while sitting in trees, but at night * are a primary food source in the rain forest - an important part of the Amazonian rainforest community * are common in the E United States and are also found in the tropics - eastern United States and are also found in the tropics - generally herbivores , feeding on leaves, flowers, bark, seeds, and fruit - green and occasionally pink and can grow up to five inches in length - insects that are closely related to crickets and grasshoppers - known for feeding on garden leaves and fruit - medium-sized to large insects - native to the United States from the East Coast to Nebraska - related to crickets and grasshoppers, with large back legs for jumping - relatives of grasshoppers and crickets - tree-living insects that are most commonly heard at night during summer and early fall - usually green and are well camouflaged on the plant - widespread, occurring in every region of the world with the exception of Antarctica * can fly for short distances, but they prefer to walk and climb - grow to over two inches long and sometimes resemble leaves - see fairly well, but have poor night vision * die after mating and laying eggs, their purpose fulfilled. - the leaves of many trees and shrubs * feed chiefly on plant matter, though some species are predatory, feeding on other insects. * feed on leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and a variety of plant seeds - pollen and nectar, vegetation, insects and invertebrates - the foliage of citrus trees during the mid to late morning * have a lifespan of about a year or less - camouflage to look like leaves - no other direct effects on humans * hear each other with ears on their front legs. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * listen with twice as many eardrums as humans, located out on the front legs. * live everywhere. * look similar to grasshoppers, but their bodies are shorter and antennae longer. * make sound. * mate during the late summer months and sometimes into early fall. * play a very important role in nature's web of life. * resemble a leaf and easily hide within the upper crown of a hardwood tree. * spend three to four months as nymphs. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| grasshopper \| katydid: Female katydid * Most female katydids make sound. * mate in the summer, and lay eggs in sticks or in the ground. Male katydid * Some male katydids make noise. * can control the loudness of their music - even control the loudness of their music * have a diverse range of frequencies while females are usually mute. * make noise by rubbing their wings together to attract a mate. * rub their wings together to make sounds and call to females.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| grasshopper: Locust * Most locusts come from earth. * Most locusts consume diets - plants - control bodies * Most locusts destroy crops - gardens - grain - ground - herbs - vegetation * Most locusts eat corn - fields - emerge from eggs - feed in fields - fly over heads - go through phases * Most locusts has-part legs * Most locusts have biomass - high mortality - organs - perceptions * Most locusts invade crops - make pheromone * Most locusts occur in fields - patches - possess bodies - prefer conditions - produce sound - serve functions - shed wings - spread wings - stand on legs * Most locusts threaten crops * Some locusts carry diseases. * Some locusts eat fruit - pollen - trees - emerge from gardens * Some locusts exhibit dimorphism - sexual dimorphism * Some locusts go through growth stages - molt stages * Some locusts graze in fields * Some locusts have biological characteristics - foliage - gravity - green foliage - ranges - survival - year survival * Some locusts invade fields - visit islands * also cover a far larger area than army worms - eat everything * are a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals - kind of grasshopper * are a type of grasshopper that ate up all the green plants - grasshopper, but cicadas are related to leafhoppers and aphids - amongst the most dramatic and devastating of the insect pests - apparently a severe problem in Kazakhstan - bands - companies - edible insects , and are considered a delicacy in some countries - grasshopper-like insects - grasshoppers that are characterized by behavior - horrid little insects, plus they eat crops - insects that are related closely to grasshoppers * are large grasshopper-like insects - insects native to equatorial regions of Africa and Asia - migratory grasshoppers that travel in great swarms - larger than grasshoppers and have transparent wings - migrators - prepared by many by being slightly roasted, dried in the sun, and then salted - related to grasshoppers and the two insects look similar - rich in protein - sometimes solitary insects with lifestyles much like grasshoppers - vegetarians * can eat their own weight in food in a day - only fly for very long if there wind - stay in the air for long periods of time - travel great distances, rapidly stripping fields and damaging crops * change their behavior at high population density, and their reproduction rate increases. * cluster together in dense formations, often flying at night. * communicate chemically in the process of phase transition. * damage plants. - every living green thing * differ from grasshoppers by their capacity to react to high densities. - their bodyweight in food every day * encounter and react to a variety of stimuli while flying. * form bands as nymphs and swarm as adults. * have a very well-developed polarised light detection system - sources - cells - cytoplasm - quill feathers - sections - skulls - nearly every continent * periodically cause natural disasters in several parts of the world. * pose threats. - many practical functions * sing when the air is hot and dry. * steer by altering the movement of their wing muscles.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| grasshopper \| locust: Black locust * Most black locusts have biomass - high mortality * Most black locusts occur in fields * Some black locusts have biological characteristics - survival * are wood. * food item for many wildlife species. * grows naturally over a wide range of soils and topography - rapidly, especially when young - readily on poor sites and is used extensively in land-reclamation plantings * has a shallow, aggressive root system - great structural strength and longevity - heavy branches that often fork fairly close to the ground * is impacted by inclement weather including ice, wind, and snow. * is very rot resistant - sensitive to poorly drained or compact plastic soils - strong in bending and is one of the hardest woods in America * pioneer type, usually man-influenced, and temporary. * possesses virtually all of the characteristics that define a typical weed. * prefers humid climates with sandy, loamy, well-drained soils in open, sunny locations. * provides food and structural habitat for a variety of wildlife species. * variable species. Honey locust * Most honey locusts serve functions - many practical functions * fast-growing tree that requires minimum care. * non-nitrogen fixing member of the legume family. * tall, pod-bearing, deciduous shade tree with a short trunk. Young grasshopper * Some young grasshoppers shed skin. * are called nymphs and already look like miniature versions of the parents - much easier to manage than adult grasshoppers - wingless in the nymph stage * look like miniature adults, though they lack wings. Green lacewing * Some green lacewings have golden eyes, and some give off strong odors. * are common' insects, found on grass, shrubs, and weeds - especially fond of nectar from fennel, caraway, dill, red cosmos, and tansy - major predators of corn pests - native to the western United States - predators found in most environments - predatory as larvae * can control mealybug fairly well and can be bought commercially from insectaries. * is an insect * require grass pollen to reproduce. Hemipteran * Many hemipterans can produce sound for communication. * Most hemipterans are either lentic or slow water lotic forms - phytophagous, using their sucking and piercing mouthparts to feed on plant sap - feed on plants, using their sucking and piercing mouthparts to extract plant sap Herbivorous insect * Most herbivorous insects require food - fresh food * Some herbivorous insects chew holes. * Some herbivorous insects consume cactus fruit * are, of course, a big problem for crops. * depend on plants for food.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Horsefly * Horseflies are attracted to dark colors so keep that in mind when dressing - difficult to avoid in the summer because their habitats are widespread - members of the bloodsucking tabanidae family of insects - more of a problem when the weather is hot and sunny, and when the wind is low * Horseflies are most abundant in hot weather - active in hot, humid weather - pests of horses and cattle - prevalent in hot weather and near water - probably the major mechanical vector in Missouri - bite humans * Horseflies includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles - often congregate around swimming pools, harassing the swimmers - possess mandible-like, jagged scimitars or joints with a convex shape - use long mandibles to rip open the skin in order to gain access to the blood * Most horseflies bite humans. * Some horseflies carry viruses - emerge from pupas - require blood - spread diseases	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Housefly * Houseflies are a common species worldwide - active during the day - also vectors, physically transporting infected feces - attracted to the smell of food - blackness - eaten by beetles and mites - everywhere in our homes and in extension in our lives - found almost anywhere, especially places where humans live too * Houseflies are grey and black with four black stripes on the back - or black and can be found wherever people are - important in breaking down and recycling nutrients and organic material - major pests - solitary creatures - the most common pests in and around homes - become nuisances * Houseflies breed during the warmer months of the year - in places where garbage or manure accumulates * Houseflies can be a novel biomonitor of atmospheric pollutants - useful especially in waste management - fly very fast to get away from enemies - carry bacteria - eat with their mouths but taste with their feet, which is why they crawl on food * Houseflies have a spongy tonguelike labrum for sopping up a variety of foods - complete metamorphosis - dark gray or gray and yellow bodies with dark lines * Houseflies includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - plasma membranes - sections - live close to humans, in urban and rural areas * Houseflies live in a very large area and are big pests to humans - households - temperate regions, meaning places that have seasons * Houseflies pass through distinct stages - pick up germs when they land on rotting food or dead animals - reproduce faster than many other kinds of flies - seem to have a mysterious power to transcend the cold - spend the winter months as adults, making any warm area their home - spread disease organisms by regurgitating and excreting wherever they land - travel to cooler and drier spots when they are about to become pupae * Houseflies use an unconventional form of aerodynamics to stay aloft - proboscises * Most houseflies become nuisances - emerge from pupas * Most houseflies have complete metamorphosis - live in households - use proboscises * Some houseflies carry diseases. * Some houseflies enter pupa stages * Some houseflies have expectancy - life expectancy - long life expectancy - senses * Some houseflies live in homes - up to months * larvae compete with fungi for nutrients, because both grow in manure. + Fly, Kinds of flies: Flies * There are many different kinds of flies. Houseflies are grey or black and can be found wherever people are. Horse flies and deer flies can bite people and animals. Fruit flies can be found near fruit that is too ripe. Hoverflies look like small wasps, but they have no sting. Hymenopteran * Most hymenopterans live solitary lives and their behavior is more likely to be flight than fight. * Some hymenopterans can also telescope the abdomen in and out. * are a taxonomic group of insects that exhibit diverse interactions with plants - bees, wasps, and ants * is an insect * range in size from very small to large insects, and usually have two pairs of wings. Imago * group of four young musicians whose love for music is full of passion. * is the name given to the adult form of insects with indirect development. Immature insect * Most immature insects go through stages. * are similar in color, but smaller. * require a blood meal each of the five times they molt. Insect control * can be important for controlling spread of viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria and fungi. * is desirable in covered carports and garages where spiders enjoy setting their webs - essential for prevention of wilt - very important in the greenhouse, but much more difficult outdoors * requires the utmost vigilance to minimize the use of insecticides.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Insect life * abounds but is secretive in general. * centers on and around the mountain lakes. * explodes in numbers and diversity as soon as spring arrives. * is abundant and the sun never sets - also abundant - particularly abundant - rich, including beetles, moths, flies, grasshoppers, and wetas Insect trap * Most insect traps use black light fluorescent lamps as an attractant. * can use color or odors to attract a particular insect species to sticky cards. Kissing bug * are members of a larger group known as assassin bugs. * have six legs. * is an insect<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Lacewing * Some lacewings give off a rather disagreeable odor when handled. * are attractive flying insects with translucent pale green wings - effective against aphids, scale insects and thrips among others - especially fond of fennel, caraway, and dill - general predators, being less specific to aphids than some other predators - green or brown * are important predators of eggs and larvae, as well as other soft bodied insects - predators, in both the adult and larval stages - most effective when a large number of the larvae are introduced into a limited area - native predators in Alaska - the most menacing predators for aphids * are very active and voracious feeders - important predators on pecan in late season * arrive as eggs and often hatch a few days later. * eat a variety of small insects, and the larvae are especially voracious. * eat aphids, mealybugs, thrips and caterpillar eggs - spider mites, small caterpillars and insect eggs * feed on aphids, leafhoppers, scales, mites, and eggs of butterflies and moths - insect eggs, scales, mealybugs, and mites as well as aphids * have chewing mouthparts. * provide control of other soft-bodied pests such as worms, aphids, etc. * take their name from the intricate veining of their two pairs of semitransparent wings. + Biological control: Agriculture :: Ecology * Lacewings are available from biocontrol dealers. Large insect * Most large insects have wings. * Some large insects invade homes - resemble crickets * are beaten against a branch before being eaten - hammered against the surface till dead or nearly so, before being swallowed - probably simply too vulnerable during low clear water Leaf miner * Many leaf miners can produce cell proliferations that intergrade into true gall development. * Some leaf miners eat leaves.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Leafhopper * Many leafhoppers attack U.S. crops such as corn, rice, citrus, peach, tomato, potato and sugarbeet. * Most leafhoppers are narrow and only about half an inch long - do damage * Most leafhoppers feed on foliage - food - grape foliage - have wings - invade gardens - move from plants * Some leafhoppers bite humans - communicate by substrate vibration - feed on juice * Some leafhoppers feed on plant juice - xylem * Some leafhoppers find in fields - soybean fields * Some leafhoppers have black spots - effects - heads * Some leafhoppers have small black spots - produce byproduct - transmit pathogen * are a group of small insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts - also carriers of plant diseases that can damage plants severely - an important food source for insectivores - common vectors for mycoplasmas - destructive insects that are look similar to tiny grass hoppers - fairly similar in size and appearance to the above spittlebug family - fast maturing insects, producing up to six generations per year - found in temperate, tropical, and subtropical climates * are green, brown, or yellow bugs with wedge-shaped wings - wedge-shaped, and often walk sideways or hop - heavy in many fields with insecticides being applied - long, wedge-shaped insects that hop or fly short distances - often a serious problem in western North Carolina * are one of the known carriers of the pathogen - largest families of plant-feeding insects * are present at levels above threshold - threshold numbers - quite adept at jumping away from danger - serious pests of many plants - small insects, measuring a quarter to a half-inch long - small, very active, greenish to brownish, slender, wedge-shaped, jumping insects - the main vectors for mycoplasmas and fastidious bacteria - tricky to control - very active on warm, sunny days * avoid feeding on shaded plants. * can become infectious after feeding on a diseased plant for a short period of time - carry and spread diseases * cause defoliation in almonds nearly every year - leaf discoloration along the leaf margins which spreads toward the mid-vein * damage the plants they feed on. * derive their name from their hopping behavior. * develop in alfalfa first, moving to potatoes later. * feed by inserting a stylet into a leaf midrib and sucking sap juices from the plant. * feed on a wide variety of host plants, including edible beans - blossoms of beans and cause a poor pod set - plant sap with the aid of specialized mouthparts - rice plants by sucking up plant fluids through their long, piercing mouthparts * feed on the plant juices - undersides of leaves * have several generations each year * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * infest several hundred kinds of cultivated and wild plants. * look like tiny, green wedge-shaped insects that appear on the underside of leaves. * migrate annually from the Gulf States on weather front air currents. * normally jump or crawl rapidly sideways when disturbed. * prefer senescing leaves, and symptoms usually occur on older leaves first - to feed and lay eggs in young, succulent alfalfa * suck plant juices from many plants including grasses. * transmit a microorganism that causes stunt disease - the viruses - viruses in a different manner * typically migrate from the edge of the field inward. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| leafhopper: Potato leafhopper * Most potato leafhoppers feed on foliage * Some potato leafhoppers have effects - inject toxins * can seriously damage young plants, causing stunting and yellowing of leaves. * is very common in a host of crops. * transient pest of apples, grapes, celery, rhubarb, and clover to name a few.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Lepidopteran * All lepidopterans share a magical change. * are an important component of biological diversity * go through 'complete metamorphosis'. * is an insect + Lepidoptera, Characteristics of Lepidoptera * Lepidopterans go through 'complete metamorphosis'. This means that they have a four parts of their life. The first part is the egg. The second part is the caterpillar or larva. The third part is the pupa. The last part is the adult or imago. Live insect * Some live insects make noise. * are much more nutritious as well. * attract lots of attention.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Louse * Lice appear in clusters - bite skin - eat blood - emerge from eggs - give birth to lice - has-part mouthparts * Lice have appearances - heads - legs - lifespans - shapes * Lice includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * Lice infect hosts - people - infest animals * Lice invade hair - lay eggs - live in hair * Lice live on blood - mammals * Lice occur in animals - groups * Lice possess bodies * Lice prefer blood - release eggs * Lice require blood - resemble lice - spread lice - suck animals - thrive in hair - transmit diseases * are bugs - parasites * term applied to an insect which fulfils two conditions. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| louse: Adelgid * also have very short antennae. * are a small group of insects that are closely related to aphids - aphid-like pests that suck sap from the needles, bark, stems or twigs - small, soft-bodied insects that are closely related to aphids * can kill a fir tree in as little as three years. * have short antennae and no cornicles. Cootie * are real organisms. * palm simulation of virus transfer. Psyllid * also occur on other plants in the potato family, such as eggplant and pepper. * are small soft-bodied insects related to aphids. * feed by sucking plant juices - on the phloem and heavy nymphal feeding kills saplings	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Mantid * Most mantids are active during the day, but some are active at night, catching moths - ambush predators , waiting for prey to stray too near - bright green or brown in coloration - from tropical countries although a few do occur in cooler climates - pea green or brown - sub-tropical or tropical - eat insects * Most mantids live in tropical or warm climates * are beneficial because they consume other insects - to the extent that spiders are beneficial - classical ambush predators which lie in wait for prey - diurnal, that is, mainly eats during the day - good examples of insects that have gradual metamorphosis - helpful to humans because they eat harmful bugs - marketed in gardening circles as pest control aids - notable for their hunting abilities - predatory insects - relatively young, in terms of evolutionary time - some of the most difficult invertebrates to rear - the only insects that have a freely moveable head with a distinctive triangle shape - voracious eaters, feeding on insects and other invertebrates, including other mantids * can rotate their head in almost a full circle. * come in a huge range of sizes, shapes and colors. * conduct regular grooming throughout the day, especially after feeding. * develop by gradual metamorphosis. * eat insects, including other mantids. * have a very distinctive body shape with large eyes on a triangular head - binocular vision , but only one ear - chewing mouthparts - triangular heads which can swivel easily * is an insect * tend to be green or tan, and vary from three to six inches long - fly more at night than the day to avoid predation * use specialized front legs to capture prey. * vary from light green to dark brown in color. + Mantis, Life habit: Insects :: Mimicry * Mantids are notable for their hunting abilities. They are exclusively predatory, and their diet usually consists of living insects, including flies and aphids. Larger species have been known to prey on small lizards, frogs, birds, snakes, and even rodents. * Most mantids are ambush predators, waiting for prey to stray too near. The mantis then lashes out at remarkable speed. Some ground and bark species, however, pursue their prey rather quickly. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| mantid: Young mantid * Young Mantids are extremely active and disperse rapidly from the vicinity of the ootheca. * feed on whatever small insects they can find including each other.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Mantis * Many mantises can even perceive ultrasound. * Most mantises adapt to environments - belong to genus * Most mantises eat bugs - grasshoppers - pests - poisonous bugs - extend arms * Most mantises feed on bugs * Most mantises feed on other insects - such insects - fold front legs * Most mantises have compound eyes - excellent eyesights - habits - ranges - tendencies - triangular heads - wings * Most mantises live in regions - tropical regions * Some mantises belong to families. * Some mantises eat bees - butterflies - dragonflies * Some mantises have an extremely elaborate colouring camouflage rivalling that of any animal - behavior - big appetite * Some mantises have distinct body regions - spikes - live for weeks - produce pheromone - shed skin * are among the few insects that can swivel their heads - carnivores - famous in many cultures * consume mantises. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * is an insect * use their sharp spines only for killing prey animals. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| mantis: Female mantis * Most female mantises consume mantises. * Some female mantises produce pheromone.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| mantis: Pray mantis * Some pray mantises eat butterflies * Some pray mantises have behavior - shed skin * feed on bugs * fold front legs - huge compound eyes Mantispid * are widely distributed, hut are commoner in southern regions. * is an insect * superficially resemble preying mantids because they have raptorial front legs.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Many insect * Most many insects do damage - eat pollen * Most many insects feed on aphids - blood * Most many insects go through developmental stages - incomplete metamorphosis - precise developmental stages * Most many insects have annual migration - mouthparts - muscles - wings - kill prey - release noxious compounds * Most many insects require diets - special diets * Most many insects use respiration - sound * Most many insects visit flowers - plants - scent flowers * Some many insects become adults - cause damage - change color * Some many insects eat animal tissue - foliage - matter - zebras - enter homes - feed on cattails * Some many insects have aquatic nymph - chemical substances - microbes - penises - projections - skin * Some many insects play roles - trophic roles * Some many insects undergo complete metamorphosis * consume plants. - suck mouthparts * release compounds	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Mayfly * Many mayflies are intolerant of changes in water quality. * Mayflies Learn about their identification, life cycle and habits - accumulate around lights, making roads, streets, sidewalks, etc. slippery and dangerous * Mayflies also provide important clues to water quality - tend to have more fine gills than caddis or stoneflies so are more sensitive * Mayflies are about an inch or two long with paper-thin wings and big, beady eyes - adults after they hatch * Mayflies are also important food organisms for fish - on the water - very abundant in their habitat, providing food for many predators - among the easiest aquatic insects to identify - an important part of the diet for many species of fish * Mayflies are aquatic animals that have amazing wings to fly with - insects that coexist with trout and other fishes in Virginia's streams - attracted to light - categorized in several different ways, most starting with their method of locomotion * Mayflies are common and important members of the benthic community in most streams - insects found in almost all freshwater habitats, as well as some brackish ones - dependent upon clean water for their habitat - extremely important in the aquatic food web - insects that are aquatic as larvae and emerge as flying adults - one of the most elegant of the species in the world of fly fishing - really beautiful, being colored and having long wings - the main source of food * Mayflies are the most intolerant species of metals contaminated water - primitive winged insects - only group of insects that molt after they have wings * Mayflies are the only insects that molt after developing functional wings - molt after they are able to fly - molt after winged forms have been produced - which molt once they reach the adult stage * Mayflies are unique in having a pre-adult winged stage - two winged stages, the subimago and imago - that they undergo a final moult after the wings have formed - insects in that they have two adult stages - used extensively as indicators of pollution and environmental change - become nuisances - begin their life underwater, burrowed into lake sediment - come around for different seasons in each state - emerge as adults, mate, and lay their eggs in the space of about three days - enter stages - feed only as larvae - generally live where there is water - get their name from the springtime appearance of large numbers of the adult flies - hatch from eggs that are laid in ponds or rivers * Mayflies have a large number of postembryonic molts - unique life history, throughout which they are preyed upon by trout * Mayflies have a very interesting life cycle - short but interesting life cycle - an important ecological role - characteristics - compound eyes - distinct and finite emergence periods, especially in temperate and arctic areas - fringed gills on their abdomen instead of finger-like gills - front wings - functions * Mayflies have large compound eyes - forewings, small hindwings that are held together at rest over the body - similarity - the shortest lifespan on Earth - thin bodies and long tails - triangular wings - two or three long, antenna-like appendages at the end of the abdomen - very distinct characteristics - hold the wings together above their body when they are resting * Mayflies includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles - inhabit all types of freshwater where the oxygen supply is good - lack a pupal stage in their development - live for only a few hours after they hatch * Mayflies live in areas - every part of the world except the Arctic and Antarctic regions - same areas - on land as adults, but are entirely aquatic as nymphs - mate in swarms and the females return to the lakes to lay their eggs - mature like lightning and die by day's end - molt after they hatch - multiply slower * Mayflies only feed while they are in the stage of being nymphs - have one set - pass the winter in the nymph state emerging as adults during spring and summer months - rise from the surface of the Mississippi River to mate a handful of times every summer - serve as food for many fishes and predaceous insects, such as dragonflies * Mayflies spend a year awaiting their birth, and then most die after living just one day - most of their lifetime as nymphs * Mayflies spend most of their lives in larval form - in the water as eggs and larvae - start out as eggs in the mud of the river or lake, regardless of the species * Mayflies swarm a few times each summer to mate and hatch - in the air - usually have feathery gills that are very sensitive to water pollution * Most mayflies become nuisances * Most mayflies have characteristics * Most mayflies live in areas * Some mayflies eat phytoplankton. * Some mayflies emerge from yards - in stages * Some mayflies go through incomplete metamorphosis - live in patches - perfer running water over still water	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| mayfly: Giant mayfly * Giant mayflies are really curious, being unique among all species of insects. * Giant mayflies live in areas - mate once in their life * Most giant mayflies live in areas * Some giant mayflies go through incomplete metamorphosis<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Mealy bug * appear on stems and buds. * are always a potential threat to house plants - juice-sucking predators that appear as white, cottony masses on leaves - soft and appear to be covered with a white, mealy or downy substance - soft-bodied insects that feed on the corm and roots - tiny, white insects that look like tufts of lint - white, soft-bodied insects that suck plant juices * attack the base of the leaves near the ground, also the bud and the slips. * can also infest African violets. * feed on plant stems and leaves. * have small soft white or pink bodies - what type of mouth parts' * is an insect * resemble white cotton, and they are located in the crevices between leaves and stems. * seem especially fond of cacti and can destroy the plants. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| mealybug: Male mealybug * are tiny, gnatlike insects with two wings and long tails of white wax. * go through five instars and feed only in the first two instars. Mature mealybug * More mature mealybugs have filaments of wax projecting from the body margin. * are highly resistant to contact pesticides.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Midge * Most midges emerge from pupas. * Most midges go through complete metamorphosis - have stages - like to stay indoors during the winter months - resemble mosquitoes * Some midges are more pollution sensitive and are found within upper reaches - begin life - carry viruses - drink water - eat aphids * Some midges feed on berries - juniper - western juniper * Some midges have compound eyes - legs - proboscises - senses - short proboscises - look like mosquitoes - range in size * also cause severe damage to vegetative growth - differ from mosquitoes in that they have a much shorter snout known as the proboscis * appear throughout the year in rivers. * are a group of insects that include many kinds of small flies - large group of insects that resemble the mosquito - always in the water - an important food source for fish and predatory aquatic insects - approximately a half-inch in length and light green to brown in color - attracted to light - gnats - important especially to smaller streams with less mayfly activity - most important during their emergence, when fish rise to pupae and crippled adults - nighttime fliers, usually appearing just after the sun disappears behind the horizon - non-biting flies that resemble mosquitoes in size and general appearance - probably the cheeseburger of the trout's diet - the most common group of insects in rice fields - tiny - the size of a pin head or smaller - two-winged flies that come in a variety of sizes and colors - very tolerant to pollution * can also produce exciting action when the fish are rising - be a problem at all forest campsites - find any hole or opening, use midge netting to protect tent openings - have an impaction the economy of areas where they are common * develop from bloodworm lava stages to pupa and then adult. * feed on dead vegetable matter in the pond. * fly in great swarms for the purpose of mating. * hatch nearly every day. - the unique feature of having hemoglobin in their blood * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * infest wheat. * live in regions indicated in black. * prefer areas of high humidity such as damp pastures or edges of ponds. * start life as an egg that hatches as a larva. * struggling to get out of their shucks make easy targets for surface-feeding trout. * typically pupate in the same habitats where the larvae develop. * undergo complete metamorphosis like a butterfly. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| midge: Bite midge * Some bite midges begin life. * Some bite midges have visitors - wings Female midge * bite to get blood so that they can lay eggs. * make wee slits in lower leaf surfaces and lay eggs in spring. Phantom midge * Most phantom midges resemble mosquitoes. * Some phantom midges have proboscises Wheat midge * Most wheat midges have stages. * are at threatening levels. * infest wheat. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| mosquito: Adult female mosquito * feed on blood. * live for months. Adult mosquito * carry diseases. * have long antennae, and male mosquitos antennae look very feathery. Infect mosquito * Most infect mosquitoes transmit viruses. * Some infect mosquitoes take blood meals Infected mosquito * are necessary to spread the disease - the primary source for the virus * can transmit West Nile virus to humans. * continue to transmit dengue with each blood meal for the rest of their lives. * transmit parasitic larvae when they bite a dog - the West Nile virus Mosquito control * is currently the best method for disease prevention - one method of controlling outbreaks - the employment of chosen vector control measures * operates actively during the months of april through september.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| mosquito: Mosquito netting * ensures peaceful nights, but watch out for butterflies during the day. * provides great protection at night. Tiger mosquito * are known to transmit the causative agent of dog heartworm disease - persistent, moderately aggressive biters * carry diseases - human diseases - viruses Most other insect * have wings. * produce sound.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Moth * Many moths come to lights at night and many of the larvae are injurious to plants - form a cocoon instead of a chrysalis - have a simple hearing system to avoid bats by detecting their echolocation calls * Most moths are active after dark. * Most moths are active at night, but some are also active during the day * Most moths are nocturnal and have a good sense of smell - in their habits, while butterflies are mostly diurnal - or crepuscular while most butterflies are diurnal - pest of plants which means they mostly suck nectar - primarily nocturnal * Most moths consume foliage - food - tree foliage - do damage * Most moths drink nectar - water - eat garments * Most moths emerge from cases - cocoons - daytime shelter - pupas * Most moths feed on buds - flowers * Most moths fly at night - to early-planted Bt corn - fold wings * Most moths go through distinct periods - stages * Most moths has-part mouthparts - organs - tongues * Most moths have ability - antennas - bronze wings - clear wings - coloration - complete metamorphosis - developmental stages * Most moths have distinct developmental stages - eyes - feathery antennas - golden wings - green coloration - heads - life - many natural predators - mouths - offspring - reproductive success - selective advantage - shape antennas - structures - thread-like or feathery antennae and fly at night - tints - unique structures - white wings - live for months - look for mates - make eggs * Most moths occur in areas - places - pass through stages - possess bodies - rely on trees - resemble butterflies - seek shelter - serve as food - spread wings - survive weeks * Most moths undergo complete metamorphosis - use pheromone - visit flowers * Some moths are brown or reddish with gray markings - farmed - notorious for their ability to impersonate other animals - pests, but most are harmless * Some moths attack aquatic plants - certain plants - fruit - attract mates * Some moths become adults - greenhouse pests - build cases - can even change their color based on changes in the environment caused by humans * Some moths cause damage - economic damage - extensive damage - impact - major damage - minor damage - collect pollen - commonly found in the garden are cutworms, which feed on many crops - consume nectar * Some moths destroy bushes - gooseberry bushes - eat leaves - emerge in weeks * Some moths enter doors - homes - regions - extend tongues * Some moths feed on dungs - fibre - grain - natural fibre - orchids - sunflowers - tips - tissue * Some moths feed on whole grain - kernel grain - fly during the day * Some moths have a lobe on the forewing called a 'jugum' that helps in coupling with the hindwing - agriculture - antennae that look like feathers - bands - diurnal patterns - ears - expanses - glands - kinds - more elaborate defenses - mouth parts specialized for piercing fruit and even other animals - mutation - patches of reddish or yellowish brown on the wings - scent glands - tails - teeth - thread-like antennae which is straight with no adornments - wing expanses - hold wings - invade greenhouses - live for weeks * Some moths live in dungs - parks * Some moths look like leaves - rotting leaves with fungus spots and the general color of a dead leaf * Some moths make damage - sound * Some moths pollinate african orchids - by day * Some moths produce high frequency sounds in the range of bat sonar pulses - ultrasonic sound - pupate under ground * Some moths resemble sting wasps - secrete pheromone - spin a silk cocoon which protects the pupa - store pyrrolizidine alkaloids without change * Some moths use fruit - moon light - mouth organs - specialize organs - wing patterns * also dislike dried lemon peels - have feathery antennae, rather than the slender, club tipped antennae of the butterfly - prefer flowers with a strong, sweet smell - undertake migrations, an example being the uraniids * appear in about two weeks, lay their eggs, and die - early spring with a second generation later in the summer - fall and fly in daytime - spring, lay eggs on the bark, and larva hatch and tunnel in * are a good meal for many birds - light brown with a dark spot on each wing - major agricultural pest because they lay eggs, the eggs hatch and they feed on the crop - preferred diet for captive giant redheaded centipedes - widely varying group of insects - able to detect bats at a greater distance than bats can detect moths - active at different times of the night depending on species * are active at night and rest during the day - on tree trunks during the day - night, so require flowers that are open and providing nectar at night * are active during the day, with mating and egg-laying occurring soon after emergence - mating and oviposition occurring soon after emergence - from early evening until dusk, spending the day at rest on trees - only at night when they mate and lay eggs on pecan nuts - overnight and can be light trapped - adept navigators at night - albino butterflys * are also food for many other animals - invaluable pollinators * are an easy example because they reproduce so fast and are easily tagged for future recapture - incredibly diverse and colorful group - another threat to a rug's longevity - attracted to light, which is often associated with truth or spiritual awareness - bugs * are capable of hovering in flight, even at a forty-five degree angle - infesting a home long before their populations are noticed - migration but they do so over much smaller distances - chocolate brown to tan-brown - common near lights - extremely well camouflaged on tree trunks - fairly distinctive in appearance - far more common, accounting for ninety-two percent of lepidopteran species * are gray or white and fly in zig zag patterns in late evening hours - to brown, marked with white * are important in the role they play in pollination, fly at night, and have feathery antennae - insect closely related to butterflies - lepidopterans - located in closets * are more active and visible at dusk - subtly colored and fatter bodied than butterflies * are most active after sunset but some can be seen during the day while walking fields - during the first three to five hours of darkness - from a few hours before to a few hours after twilight - on warm days, particularly in the afternoon * are much easier than butterflies - more common than butterflies * are nocturnal and butterflies are active during the day - insects, actively mostly at night - nocturnal, have a good sense of smell, and are hover-feeders - sailed by young agile and athletic sailors from mid teens upwards - sturdy and usually are more resistant to pesticides than are mosquitoes and flies * are the hoary bat's most common prey - principal food - usually active at night and rest during the day in a preferred wooded habitat * are very attracted to orchardgrass and rye for egg deposition - demanding boats to sail - winged insects related to the butterfly - yellowish brown and each forewing has a dark spot near the center * attracted by the pheromone enter the inverted funnel from the bottom. * become active at twilight and feed on nectar - in the spring and lay their eggs on the undersides of leaves - problems * begin laying eggs on the twigs near buds when the buds open in the spring. * begin to emerge in about two weeks - late spring, at which time mating takes place and the cycle repeats * can also cause damage to outdoor plants. * can be destructive - indoor or outdoor pests, depending on the species and what they like to eat - easily fly for several miles during an evening, especially if assisted by mild breezes - get through small crevices to enter storage chests and dressers * can only oviposit on the yucca s ovaries, and the larvae eat the developing seeds - suck nectar of flowers through a very thin proboscis - range in size from smaller than a pencil tip to bigger than a songbird * come in a wide variety of sizes and colours and can be a most fascinating creature to observe - to outside lights * continue to be found laying eggs in double cropped fields throughout the state. * defoliate plants. * deposit clusters of two to seven eggs on fruit, vines, buds, and leaves. * deposit eggs in cracks and crevices of bark - on the undersides of bark scales in the fall - few eggs in tomatoes if nearby corn is silking - yellow eggs one at a time on plants * die soon after mating and egg laying. * disguise themselves as dead leaves, lichen and bark during the day. * eclose at night from subterranean pupae which have wiggled to the surface. * emerge as early as nine days out of cocoon cold-storage. * emerge from the cocoons and lay eggs in hair-covered masses on the underside of leaves - pupa case - pupae - the males usually emerge first - approximately a week * emerge in early spring and lay eggs on leaves of host plants - summer and lay eggs on the stems of the plants - the spring and deposit white eggs in masses on the undersides of leaves * emerge in the spring and lay their eggs on leguminous plants, such as clover and alfalfa - their eggs on vegetables and legumes - summer, mate and lay eggs - soon after the first green tissue shows in the buds - to lay eggs on leaves that are already partially rolled by other insects - very early spring - two weeks later and deposit eggs for the second generation * exhibit a tendency to circle artificial lights repeatedly. - flower nectar at dusk and fly during daylight hours * fly above and drop curtains of poison from the air - and lay eggs at dusk on warm days - from last years field to the current years field - into the light 'till they die - mostly at night and usually have a dull color - towards the blackest point which is behind the light * form a cocoon, usually on the ground. * frequently appear to circle artificial lights - display brushy hairpencils at the tip of the abdomen when at rest * generally are plainer and have hairier bodies than butterflies - enter grain bins through vents and open spaces around the top of bins * have a discerning palate, they feast only on natural fabrics - hairy appearance on their bodies - pair of ocelli - quick, jerky zigzag flight when disturbed - simple, open circulatory system - special place in the web of life - wingspread of about one inch - acute hearing - antennae without the club - chemical receptors on their antennae, flies on their feet - direct control of where they fly only when foraging close to the ground - either slender, tapering filaments or look like radio antennas with lots of cross hairs - feather-like antennae - hairs on their bodies that pick up pollen and carry it from bloom to bloom - hairy bodies to help retain internal body temperature necessary for flight - larger scales on their wings - more feathered antennae and hairier bodies than butterflies - siphoning mouthparts - stout bodies and antennae without clubs - three body parts and six legs - values * have very long proboscis, or tongues, which they use to suck nectar or other fluids - nice, reliable behavior patterns * have white blood * hide during day in grass and shrubbery, fly over grass at dusk - in shrubbery or other sheltered spots during the day * hold their wings horizontally when at rest. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * lack clubs at the end of their antennas. * leave a grayish white silky mat on the food product - field corn when it begins to dry and enter late-planted fields of peas and beans * life in habitats. * like to lay their eggs in an accessible cranny such as a reed cell. - in a wide variety of different habitats - less than two weeks - great mimics - up the bulk of the diet of hoary bats * mate and lay eggs, thus starting the life cycle over again - very readily in captivity * migrating at higher elevations with the wind have less control as to their final destination. * mostly come out at night, butterflies during the day. * move to mountains with warm weather. * need light. * often have feather like antennae with no club at the end - feathery antennae, and fly to lights at night * prefer to lay eggs on bark near pruning wounds and other injury sites - rest under the leaves and in protective plant structures * rely on their sense of smell and hearing more than butterflies do * rest with their wings horizontally pressed against their bodies. * return to the valleys in late summer and early fall to lay eggs in crop fields. * seek shelter during the daylight hours in dense grass and weeds near corn fields * seem to be made of dust. * show features. * suck nectar from flowers, bats fly out of their nesting place to feed * tend to be attracted to human scent, particularly on wool - more nocturnal than butterflies - fly in late afternoon and evening * tend to have stout and hairy or furry-looking bodies - thick hairy bodies and more earth tone coloured wings - migrate to dark areas such as underneath skirted sofas and heavy furniture * then emerge and mate. * typically have two pairs of wings covered in scales. * undergo metamorphosis. * use a third sense, smell to attract mates - cryptic coloration to hide from birds - sex attractant pheromones from female sensed by big feathery antennae in males - their antennae to detect different odors * usually feed on flowers at night - fold their wings horizontally and over each other - have feathery antennae and most are active at night - rest with their wings spread out to their sides - start flying at bloom time * vary dramatically in appearance and size depending on the species. * visit a flower, gathering the pollen into balls + Differences between butterflies and moths, Behavioural differences, Resting posture - differences, Time of activity + Differences between butterflies and moths, Morphological differences, Structure of the body * Moths tend to have stout and hairy or furry-looking bodies. Butterflies on the other hand have slender and smoother abdomens. Moths have larger scales on their wings. These make them look more dense and fluffy. Butterflies on the other hand have fine scales. This difference is possibly due to the need for moths to conserve heat during the cooler nights whereas butterflies are able to absorb solar radiation - differences, Wing coupling mechanisms: Lepidoptera * Many moths have a 'frenulum' which is a filament arising from the hindwing and coupling with barbs on the forewing. The frenulum can be observed only when a specimen is in hand. Some moths have a lobe on the forewing called a 'jugum' that helps in coupling with the hindwing. Butterflies however lack these structures + Lepidoptera, Characteristics of Lepidoptera, Adult * Adults have two pairs of wings. They are covered by small scales. In some species, the adults have very small wings or no wings at all. This is more common in females. Adults have antennae. Some moths have antennae that look like feathers. These feather-like antennae are larger in males than females. Adults have a mouth part called a proboscis. It is made for nectar from flowers. Some adults do not have mouths and cannot feed. Others have different mouths that are made to pierce and suck blood or fruit juices. + Moth, Moths as pests * Some moths are farmed. The most important of these is the silkworm. It is farmed for the silk with which it builds its cocoon. The silk industry produces over 130 million kilograms of raw silk, worth about 250 million U.S. dollars, each year.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth: Adult moth * are active from late summer through fall - known to be strong fliers - minor pollinators - nocturnal with a small, white dot in the center of each wing - predominantly pale brown to grayish brown wings - red and black, have clear wings and resemble wasps - strong flyers and can easily move to adjacent fields - weak flyers and live only a few days - yellowjacket mimics * emerge from cases * have a short life span, usually less than two weeks - bronze wings - dark gray front wings that are mottled with light and dark splotches - golden wings * have white to yellowish wings and are peppered with many black spots * pupate in the soil during the winter months. * return to the plains in late summer and begin laying eggs. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth \| arctiid moth \| cinnabar: Red cinnabar * is used for the pigment vermilion. + Cinnabar: Minerals :: Ores * Cinnabar' is a mineral. Cinnabar exists in two crystal forms. Red cinnabar is used for the pigment vermilion. It is poisonous, and may go black with age. The other crystal form is black, and does not react chemically to anything except strong acids. Cinnabar has a Mohs hardness of 2-2.5. Tiger moth * Most tiger moths are night fliers and can be readily collected from lights. * Some tiger moths make sound. * Some tiger moths produce sound - ultrasonic sound * emit high-pitched clicks at night to warn bats they taste bad. * is an arctiid moth - usually immaculate * use chemical and acoustic defenses to effectively deal with both. Armyworm moth * migrate in the millions northward from South Texas in the spring and summer. * migrate into Colorado in early summer - the state from the south Brown moth * Most brown moths have bronze wings - complete metamorphosis * Some brown moths destroy bushes - gooseberry bushes Clothe moth * Most clothe moths go through distinct periods * Some clothe moths feed on fibre - natural fibre Clothes moth * are a solid, subdued color - nocturnal and prefer to avoid lighted areas - well-known fabric pests in the home * can do serious damage to small or large wool rugs - eat clothes, rugs, wall hangings, etc - feed on mixtures of natural and synthetic fabrics * go through four distinct lifecycle periods with significant change at each stage.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth: Emperor * Most emperors eat food. * Most emperors reach maturity - sexual maturity - take daily meals * Some emperor tamarins hunt animals - other animals * Some emperors eat fish - have asparagus * also dig under rocks, logs or tree roots. * are glossy black, but can be dark brown to green - insects - monarchs - sovereigns - the biggest penguins * are the largest of all penguin species - penguins in the world - only birds that never set foot on dry land - traditional grape for the holiday season * assemble at the breeding colonies early in winter, shortly after the sea ice has formed. * breed in Siberia and Alaska and winter in the Aleutian Islands. * feed on fish, squid, and krill. * have a peculiar breeding cycle - large harems * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * live in the coldest climate on earth. * penguins live on the Antarctic ice - barren coasts of Antarctica, where they breed - only hunt during daylight hours * rely on sound to pick out their chicks. * spend the winter on fast ice just off the continent's shore. * therefore empower Kings. * utilize tree sap that is left on trees from the previous tapping of other animals. + Emperor Penguin, Life: Penguins :: Animals of Antarctica * Emperors live in the coldest climate on earth. They live in large groups, called colonies, that can have up to 20,000 birds. They huddle close together to keep warm. Emperor penguins live for about 20 years, although some have been known to live for 40 years. + List of German monarchs, Kingdom of Germany, 843–1806: History of Germany :: Holy Roman Empire * Emperors are listed in 'bold'. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth \| emperor: Empress * are emperors * is an emperor * pressure-molded ceramic that was prepared from a wax pattern.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth: Female moth * Most female moths drink water. * Most female moths have structures - unique structures - use pheromone * Some female moths attract mates - collect pollen * Some female moths have glands - scent glands - live for weeks - look completely different from their male counterpart - produce pheromone - use mouthparts * are flightless and crawl from their pupation sites to mate and lay eggs - larger than males - typically ready to mate one week after eclosion , and do so only once - unable to fly because of the numerous eggs they carry - white with brown markings and don t fly * deposit eggs on grain kernels throughout the crib - greenish-yellow eggs single on the undersides of host plant leaves - hair-covered egg masses on the undersides of leaves of their food plants * deposit their eggs in the middle of summer - on the bark of trees, usually on the lower trunk - then die, never leaving the bag - pale green eggs singly on host plants * drop eggs as they fly in their zig zag pattern. * have eggs stored in their bodies - scent glands on the abdomen that secrete pheromones * mate and begin laying eggs soon after emerging. * prefer to lay their eggs in dense, grassy vegetation. * release chemicals into the air to attract males - pheromone to attract males	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth: Gypsy moth * appear to dislike ashes, sycamores, butternuts, black walnuts, dogwoods and balsams. * are a major problem to homeowners and to Virginia's forests - an introduced species to the United States - films - less picky, feeding off pines, oak, maple, or other woods - notorious hitchhikers - on the increase in many parts of the country - pests - small and insignificant looking, but they are powerful insects - the most important defoliators of hardwood trees and shrubs in the United States - very destructive pests, especially to hardwood forests in the eastern United States - voracious defoliators of a wide variety of broadleaf trees and shrubs * can also feed on apple , alder, birch , poplar and willow trees - have detrimental effects on the ecology of forests * can be an annoying pest in urban forests, especially during the caterpillar stage - incredibly mobile, even as caterpillars - defoliate large areas of forest, preferring oak and aspen stands - fly, even though they spend most of their lives in the same tree * destroy millions of trees annually in other areas of the country. * eat leaves from trees. * favor oaks, which are relatively scarce here. * have several diseases, caused by bacteria, fungi, or a virus. * move into new areas either naturally or by hitching a ride on equipment or materials. * occur in North America, Europe, and Asia. * poses a significant threat to gambel oak and aspen. * produce only one generation each year. * spends four to six weeks in the larval stage - the winter in the egg stage Hawk moth * Most hawk moths visit flowers. * Some hawk moths have tongues several inches long. Hummingbird moth * Some hummingbird moths become pests - feed on nectar * are members of the sphinx moth family. * become problems. * belong to the animalia kingdom and are arthropoda. * have no known bite, sting or other undesirable effects to humans. Indianmeal moth * are among the worst pests in stored products, primarily attacking corn and peanuts - colored tan to gray, with a reddish brown band on their wings - sexually mature and capable of mating immediately after they emerge from pupae - the most common moths infesting food in the home * eat cereal grains, grain products and several other food products. * invade any grain product and are brought in with grain products.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth: Male moth * Most male moths have antennas - feathery antennas - shape antennas * Some male moths secrete pheromone. * are able to regulate the sex of their offspring - black in coloration but their wings are clear - inactive during the passage of a low pressure storm front - mostly brown and do fly - much darker than females, and the summer brood is darker than the spring brood - slightly smaller than females and lack the orange band on the abdomen * are smaller, and have a flap of skin at the rear - brown, and fly in a characteristic zigzag pattern - strong fliers, smaller, and dark brown with feather-like antennae - typically lighter in color than females * die outside the bag after copulation. * emerge first and fly in a zigzag pattern during daylight hours. * fly about in a manner similar to wasps - readily in response to sex pheromone released by the females - conspicuous, feather-like antennae * have feathery antennae and are strongly attracted to the unmated females - larger antennae than females - more have more feathery feelers than female moths - yellow scent brushes along the abdomen and large black brushes at the rear * use their fluffy antennae to catch the scent of females on the night air. Noctuid moth * Some noctuid moths use the moon light for their migration. * migrate using the moon as a primary reference point. Pepper moth * Some pepper moths attack aquatic plants - certain plants - have appearances * show features.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth: Peppered moth * are eaten by birds - generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees they live on * make a compelling case study in natural selection. ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth \| pyralid moth: Bee moth * do damage during their larval stages, injuring combs and honey. * pyralid moth Corn borer * are caterpillars - devastating pests in most corn-growing areas of the United States and Canada - pink - susceptible to several insecticides applied to corn foliage - white worms with dark heads * complete at least two generations each summer. * damage growing corn by hollowing out the inside of the stalk. * enter the maize stalk and eat the plant from the inside. * reduce yield and stalk integrity by tunneling within stalks. Small moth * Most small moths do damage. * life in habitats. Sphinx moth * Most sphinx moths are active at night or dusk. * are also famous for their ability to hover at flowers, much like hummingbirds - well-studied - strong fliers with a very rapid wingbeat - the primary pollinators of night blooming flowers ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| moth \| tortricid moth: Leaf roller * Some leaf rollers feed on new growth and are especially harmful to plants. * tortricid moth Winter moth * Many winter moths burrow under leaf litter in the forest. * denizen of woodland trees, especially oak. Native insect * Many native insects require specific plants for survival. * Most native insects eat plants - feed on milkweeds * cause plenty of destruction. Nocturnal insect * Most nocturnal insects begin life. * Some nocturnal insects make up diets. * species diversity in a cloud forest ecoystem in Panama. Odonate * Many odonates wander far from water and can be found in open areas and along trails. * appear important. * are found on every continent except for Antarctica - no longer familiar for Japanese children of the present age - very beautiful and charismatic creatures * hatch from the eggs as an aquatic form known as a nymph. * is an insect<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| odonate: Damselfly * Damselflies also feed on a variety of other small insects - appear almost delicate because their abdomens are so long and thin * Damselflies are are smaller than Dragonflies, but they can just as colorful - beneficial insects - carnivores - effective predators both as naiads and as adults - familiar insects found around streams - generally weak fliers, frequenting bankside vegetation - more acrobatic and they fold their wings together when resting - odonates - one of the largest and most colorful groups of native Hawaiian insects - slender-bodied dragonflies with relatively weak powers of flight - slimmer, often smaller, and usually fly more slowly than dragonflies - smaller and slender compared to dragonflies - follow much the same pattern, but spend more time perching * Damselflies have a body made like the narrowest of twigs, whereas dragonflies have a bit of heft - great big eyes, tremendously powerful wings, and fancy svelte bodies - swim by undulating their bodies - usually land to mate * Most damselflies fold their wings in an upward and backward position. * is an odonate Other insect * become problems. * feed on corn plants - foliage * get nutrients. * go through complete metamorphosis - incomplete metamorphosis * have complete metamorphosis - mouthparts - sensors * hunt prey. * include beetles - mantises - potato beetles - prey mantises * produce sound. * seek shelter. * spread diseases. * visit flowers. Parasitic insect * Most parasitic insects are wasps or flies - feed on blood * Some parasitic insects feed on insects. * are an important regulator of sawfly populations. * attack gypsy moth eggs and lay their own eggs in the larvae * destroy other injurious insects by living on or in their bodies and their eggs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Phasmid * Most phasmids have compound eyes - spines - lay eggs singly and commonly the eggs resemble seeds * Some phasmids have bacteria - sticks * Some phasmids possess compound eyes * are chemoreceptors located in the caudal extremity, posterior to the anus - herbivores, whereas mantids eat other animals * are insects that eat leaves and look like leaves or sticks - resemble leaves or sticks - organs of similar arrangement found in the posterior of many parasitic nematodes * distinct, located in anterior half of tail. * generally rely on camouflage to evade predators. * have been know to consume their own skin - mandibulate, prognathous mouthparts - many natural predators * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * occur about one-half the tail length posterior to the anus. * slightly anterior to middle of tail - posterior to middle of tail extend into bursa slightly * undergo incomplete metamorphosis and the nymphs look like small versions of the adults. * use their unique camouflage to fool predators. Plant bug * Most plant bugs cause considerable damage. * are active and move about freely, thus avoiding the treatment - difficult to control * cause abortion of pinhead squares, which leaves small scars * feeding on new growth causes new leaflets to be distorted or fall off. * have piercing-sucking mouthparts. * inject a toxic saliva into the plant during feeding. * is an insect * move to new hosts as older wild hosts mature, reduce flowering, and dry down. * remain generally light.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| plant bug: Lace bug * Most lace bugs live on the lower surface of the leaf. * Some lace bugs feed on trees. * are a common problem on eggplants - an annoyance to people passing or sitting under the tree - small, broad, flat insects with clear, lacelike wings * can be a serious, though occasional, problem. * cause leaf yellowing - mottling and yellowing of the leaves * feed on the undersides of the leaves causing a stippled appearance. * get their name from the appearance of the area behind their head and the wing covers. * have piercing and sucking mouthparts - several generations a year * leave cast skins and black, gummy, varnish-like feces on the underside of leaves. * plant bug * reach their peak in late summer and do their worst in sunny, exposed sites. * seem to prefer bright, sunny areas so plant susceptible plants in shady areas. * suck leaf sap - nutrients from azaleas and other plants producing unsightly white spots on leaves Planthopper * are among the most devastating pests of agricultural crops worldwide - more conspicuous than injurious * normally move sideways, and both adults and nymphs hop readily if disturbed. * produce a powdery wax that is exuded from their abdomen. Pollinate insect * Most pollinate insects get nectar - make food * Some pollinate insects play roles. * Some pollinate insects pollinate courgette flowers	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Pollinator * Most pollinators are insects - collect pollen - consume nectar - drink nectar - enter flowers - feed on nectar - get food * Most pollinators have flowers - smelly flowers - white flowers * Most pollinators pollinate crops - provide pollination services * Most pollinators receive food - vital nutrients - rely on plants - transfer pollen * Most pollinators visit flowers - milkweed flowers * Some pollinators are more olfactory than visual, and of course, some use both senses - specific for a particular flower - eat fruit - have eyes - make trips * are a crucial part of healthy agricultural and natural landscapes - huge part of the reproduction of plants in general - also vital to agriculture * are animals such as insects, birds, or bats that drink flower nectar for food - that pick up pollen and move it from flower to flower - biotic agents that play a very important role in pollination process - birds or insects such as bees that transfer pollen - critical to much more than what fills our stomachs * are essential to our environment - the functioning of all terrestrial ecosystems - honeybees and other hymenoptera, and some diptera - primarily different species of bees - thus essential to the stability of the global ecosystem itself - vital to the survival of many wild plants and food crops - wind, water, bees, small mammals, birds * come from miles away to partake of the nectar - to sample the nectar they provide * fly around, searching for food, water, and places to nest. * help plants To make their seeds. * include bees. - ears - heads - thoraxes * increase the cost of sex by avoiding female flowers - their nectar or pollen intake by visiting many flowers on the same plant * play a critical role in the life history of many flowering plants - an important role in the production of crops for humans * provide an essential ecological function in both agricultural and wildland ecosystems * thrive on flower nectar and pollen. - more frequently, or behave in ways that improve reproduction in large populations ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| pollinator: Common pollinator * Most common pollinators visit flowers. * are native bees, butterflies, bats and hummingbirds. Insect pollinator * Most insect pollinators receive nutrients * include bees. - vital nutrients Wild pollinator * Most wild pollinators provide pollination services. * enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance. Predatory insect * Most predatory insects kill prey. * Some predatory insects attack harmful pests. * Some predatory insects eat aphids - insect pests - pest insects * are a natural solution that is safe for plants, people, pets, and the planet. Primitive insect * Most primitive insects are wingless and have a relatively weak exoskeleton - have development * Most primitive insects possess abdominal appendages - two sets of wings Proturan * All proturans have five distinct stages. * are insects - tiny wingless insects that live in moist situations such as leaf litter * have small appendages ventral on the first three abdominal segments. * is an insect Psocid * are small, soft-bodied insects that resemble aphids - winged, soft-bodied insects colored gray or brown * become a pest when they invade homes - almost always linked with damp conditions. * favour damp conditions. * feed on a wide variety of organic matter, both of animal and plant origin. * thrive in damp, warm undisturbed environments.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Pupa * Many pupae are easy for predators to attack. * Most pupae develop and emerge into adults in the following year - eclose that fall but some overwinter for several years - remain in the soil until the following summer * Some pupae develop inside cocoons , as in the case of bagworms - spend winter there, transforming into flying adults the following spring * Some pupas find on host plants * develop into adults - mature adults * e actively swim for the surface and adults emerge several hours later. * e also breathe at the surface and require several days to develop - live near the surface of the water, breathing through a horn-like tube on their back - possess respiratory filameters with which they remove dissolved oxygen from the water - require a constant water source and at least a day to mature - stay on the same tree * e are a light brown with dark brown abdominal intersegments - about the size of the adults, but the legs and antennae are closely pressed to the body * e are also pale and have longer wing buds and antennae which bend back over the head - physically active and employ a tumbling action to escape to deeper water - visible upon the surface of the breeding site - black with yellow dots and are found hanging from leaf surfaces - brown and teardrop shaped - brown, oval and slightly larger than a grain of wheat - brownish in color - comma-shaped and stay at the water surface - considerably smaller than the maggot and are dark brown in colour * e are dark brown but are enclosed in a thin white, flimsy silken cocoon - with buff-colored clumps of hair - orange and become darker as adults develop inside - orange-brown and about one cm long - first white before turning yellow - flesh-colored and about the size of the beetle - golden-brown - hairy and are light brown mottled with darker brown or black - inside white, oval, pill-shaped cocoons - legless, white and grub-like * e are light brown, but they eventually develop a metallic green cast - green with darker green lines simulating a leaf-like texture - tan to blueish tan in color and are approximately the same size as the adult beetle - located within earthen cells in the top two to three cm of the soil - naked, but their features are visible - orange-yellow with black bristles - pale green with a broad brown stripe down the back - present about ten days before a new generation of adults begins to emerge - pulled out of their cocoon - rectangular oval shaped narrowing at the ends - reddish brown to dark brown - relatively more plump compared to previous nymphal stages - shiny reddish brown in color, becoming dark brown prior to emergence of the adult - shorter and stockier than the slender larvae - similar in size to the adult and yellow in color * e are similar to adults with long snouts, but they are white - nymphs but are thicker and have distinct eyespots - slightly larger, with longer wing pads, and antennae bent back over body - small brown capsules - still mobile and respond to light changes and move with a flip of their tails * e are the final non-feeding larval stage that metamorphose or change into the adult form - resting stage where the transformation to adulthood takes place - young of a species - uniformly black, small, and flattened - usually in a cocoon * e are very active and dive vigorously if disturbed - resistant to pesticides - waxy-white and similar to adults in size * e are white to brown and are found in the soil beneath hives - cream colored but lack dark head capsules - white, turning cream-colored and later tan before adult emergence - yellow, smooth, and resemble the head of a cobra - yellowish and motionless - can be inside a cocoon, suspended from a tree, or buried under ground - change to moths and the moths crawl out of the soil - construct earthen cells in the soil * e develop inside and on the surface of products - within the puparium, maturing into adult blowflies - die in cells and become mummified - go through metamorphosis to develop into adults - hatch within a few days, and immediately seek a host * e have an elongated, pointed cremaster and tend to be very active - hard shells that protect the developing flies inside - large, curved mandibles, and pupation occurs in the soil in a strong cocoon - legs and maturing wings that are visible - longer wing buds and the antennae are folded back over the head - the same general color of larvae and the same general form and size of adults - two short horns - live and develop in the water from one day to a few weeks * e look like little balls in the water - tiny brown grains of rice - more like adults, but their legs and antennae are folded against their bodies - very different from larvae * e occur in silk-like cocoons in the soil - the soil or among leaf litter * e pass the winter in cocoons in debris on the ground - on the bark on the undersides of smaller branches - probably gain protection from birds by pupating in underground cells - provide nutritious meals for small mammals, and moths are eaten by birds and bats * e remain dormant until the following spring - in the soil for one year - tend to have little room within a smooth, denser inner cocoon - tumble by rotating the head and tail region as they move to the safety of deeper water * e turn darker the day before butterflies emerge, and look black on the day they emerge - into adults to complete the cycle - use vibrations, sound, carbon dioxide and heat to determine whether a food source is nearby - usually transform into adults two to three days later * emerge as butterflies - from their pupal skin, rising to the water surface like a mosquito * enter cocoons. * go through nymph stages - heads * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - skulls - vacuoles * is an insect * reach adulthood. * shed skin - thin skin * survive for months - several months * take food. * undergo metamorphosis. + Butterfly, Life cycle, Pupa * Many pupae are easy for predators to attack. These shelters are called cocoons. Most butterfly pupae do not have cocoons to protect themselves. Instead, the pupae have brown or green colors to camouflage themselves among leaves and branches. Pupae that do not have cocoons are called chrysalids or chrysalises.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| pupa: Obtect pupa * Many obtect pupae are enclosed within a cocoon. * e are most characteristic of moths and butterflies.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Queen * Most queen termites have lifespans. * Most queens are member of hives - begin their colony without workers, and their first batch of eggs develops into workers - cope well with four to six kittens - eat nectar - find nest sites - give birth to offspring * Most queens have children - colonies - flesh - food - growth - heads - long life - mouths - smooth stingers - white flesh * Most queens live for few years - several years - probably live just one or a few years though, again depending on species - produce workers - return to colonies * Most queens survive for years - hibernation - winter * Some queen termites live for years - up to decades * Some queens collect pollen - come out of hibernation - develop into workers - feed larvae - go into hibernation * Some queens have egg production - sons - spots - wings - kill predators * Some queens leave colonies - old colonies - live for decades - mate with drones * Some queens produce milk - provide food * Some queens reach maturity - sexual maturity * Some queens seek out nest sites - suitable nest sites * Some queens survive autumn - seasons * are aristocrats - beheadeds - chess pieces - chessmans - cities - face cards - females - fictional characters - insects * are located in beehives - castles - monarchies - monarchs - part of chess - personification - royalty - sovereigns - stations - twice as long or longer - unable to raise a brood alone * are used for chess - countries - heads of state - kings - people - rules - rulings - women * arise when workers in a colony selectively feed chosen larvae royal jelly. * begin laying eggs which, in turn, are tended by workers. * come out of hibernation, and select a new spot to make a nest. * control colonies. * dominate workers and workers dominate each other. * feed on pollen. - roles * includes air sacs - arms - body substances - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - human bodies - legs - material bodies - necks - nuclei - personality - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * is an insect * live an average of on to three years - as long as the colony - long lives in comparison with their workers and are prolific breeders - natural life span * make poor potted or indoor plants. * need proteins. * possess energy. * produce unfertilized eggs that hatch into drones, or male honey bees * secrete pheromone. * seek shelter. * sit on their own colour. * tend to be found at the center of an ant's nest - prefer moist areas, commonly found in rotting wood ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| queen: Mated queen * is the only one to survive the frosts. * lay eggs which become workers or queens. New queen * build up fat reserves to overwinter. * call to each other and workers when they first emerge. * emerge about a week or so after the males - during the late summer or early autumn Pregnant queen * deliver their litters by themselves, guided by instinct. + Cat, Behaviour, Birth and after * Pregnant queens deliver their litters by themselves, guided by instinct. The queen finds the safest place she can. Then she will clean it thoroughly, with her tongue, if necessary. Here she will quietly give birth. She licks the newborn kits clean. In the wild, leaving a scent is risking a dangerous encounter with other animals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| queen: Queen bee * Most queen bees find places - have workers * Most queen bees produce offspring - survive winter * Some queen bees live for years. * are fertilized by haploid drones - larger and live longer than workers * can also produce offspring. * develop from larvae, which is selected by the worker bees. * eat royal jelly. - suitable places * lay eggs in the cells of the nest, and when they hatch, they become larvae. * live exclusively on royal jelly and it accounts for their incredible size and longevity. * live their entire life with royal jelly as the sole source of nutrition - jelly as their sole source of nutrition Virgin queen * Some virgin queens develop into workers - leave colonies * Some virgin queens reach maturity - sexual maturity<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Robber fly * Most robber flies grow up in the soil, where the larvae hunt other insect larvae and pupae - have a brown, gray, or black coloration * Robber flies are among the few insects that catch their prey in mid-flight - common summer insects, and are found in weedy areas that receive lots of sunlight - extremely sluggish in the mornings - often quite large, over an inch in length, with long, insect-snatching legs - voracious predatory insects - exhibit minimal courtship behavior - have long, strong legs that are bristled to aid in prey capture - live in urban areas, forests and woodlands - suck other insects dry * is an insect<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Sawfly * Many sawflies feed on conifers. * Most sawflies are somewhat host-specific. * Sawflies affect a number of different plants but different types tend to affect different crops. * Sawflies are a little known group closely related to wasps - likely to be a problem on roses in areas where wild roses are present - more abundant in mowed fields than in burnt fields - non-stinging wasps that have their ovipositor serrated like a saw - primitive hymenopterous insects and are related to bees, wasps, and ants - small, dark, non-stinging wasps - the larval stages of a group of wasps - begin feeding on the tips of a branch and strip one branch before moving on to another - belong in the group of insects which includes ants, bees, and wasps - damage the leaves especially on young trees * Sawflies feed in dusters - on needles and pollen - have five or more pair of prolegs, while caterpillars have less than five - lay eggs in plant stems - often feed on the undersides of leaves, so inspect all leaf surfaces - regularly suffer from a lethal virus-like disease that greatly reduces their number - superficially resemble caterpillars but are taxonomically very different * Some sawflies similarly roll the leaves of their food plants into tubes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Scale insect * Most scale insects are small and inconspicuous - feed on hollies * Most scale insects have life - simple life - wings * Some scale insects cause damage - kill trees - require treating the truck and branches in addition to the foliage * are a major pest of lady palms - particular problem with weeping figs * are among the most difficult to control - unusual insects known - common in tropical and subtropical regions - easier to spot before trees and ornamentals leaf out - especially insidious - hard to control - highly specialized organisms that come in many shapes, sizes and forms - much more common on Euonymus plants than aphids - often difficult to control - oval bugs up to four millimetres in diameter that tend to resemble a fungus - particulary good at hiding - small, soft-bodied pests that attach themselves to plant leaves and stems - the most serious pest of ferns - very common on Euonymus varieties and some varieties of Magnolias * attach their mouthparts permanently to plants and suck their juices. * can also be a problem if populations build up too extensively - damage if populations build up too extensively * cling closely to the stem of the plant and are often difficult to see. * come in a large variety of colors and sizes - two types, armored scales and soft scales * constitute a very large group of unusual plant feeding insects. * feed by sucking sap from trees and shrubs through piercing-sucking mouth parts. - plant juices, and in severe cases, cause reduced plant vigor - plants by piercing plant tissue and sucking sap * form a brown or black crust on leaves and stems. * have a simple life - tan to brown shell-like covering or scale that protects the insect's body - many forms - piercing and sucking mouthparts - thread-like mouthparts that are inserted into the bark * infest the stems and branches. * look like tiny beige bumps or turtles without legs. * resemble tiny turtle shells. * suck plant juices - sap from the plant, resulting in retarded growth and even defoliation * weaken a coffee plant - trees and that in turn causes susceptibility of canker ### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| scale insect: Armored scale * Some armored scales have four generations per year. * are scale insects. * differ from soft scales in several ways. * feed on plant juices. * live under a separate, hard, wax shell, which they secrete as they develop. * lose their legs and antennae after the first molt. * secrete a hard waxy cover. Cochineal * are dye. * are insects from which non-carcinogenic red dyes are produced - inside a cotonneuse mass * is added to meat products, spices, and baked goods - used mainly in products with low pH, e.g. confectionary and liquors * red colouring material used in foods. * red dye formed from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects - made from the crushed bodies of insects which live on nopal cacti<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| scale insect: Soft scale * Some soft scales require one year to reach maturity. * are generally larger than the mealy bugs and the bodies of the nymphs are soft - scale insects * feed primarily on the woody parts of the host. * infest many deciduous woody plants and some conifers. * molt twice before they reach maturity. * produce honeydew, But hard scales find it impossible to do. * retain their legs and antennae throughout adult life. * tend to be larger than armored scales. * vary widely in color, size, and shape. Several insect * are common pests on southernpeas - important as biological controls of pests * attack and damage stored grain of all sorts. * can damage roots, creating entry points for soft-rot bacteria. * have a four stage life cycle. * use firewood and structural wood for their homes and as a food source.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Silverfish * can live for a year or more without eating if water is available - long periods of time without food - nearly a year without feeding * can live up to a year without food, but require a high humidity environment - four years Small insect * Most small insects have blood - length * Most small insects possess legs - stout legs * Some small insects eat fungi. * Some small insects prey on insects - other insects * are prone to damage by careless handling of the cup- be careful. * can burrow into the leaves and seedpods.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Social insect * Many social insects recognize their kin with the help of chemical signals called pheromones. * Most social insects live in colonies - communities * Some social insects cause damage - live in hives * Some social insects play important roles * are also a powerful metaphor for artificial intelligence * have very complicated behavior - unique habits * inspire human design. * is an insect - groups or colonies * tend to have higher chromosome numbers - highly complex behaviour Spittlebug * also attack strawberry plants. * are a sporadic problem, mainly on centipedegrass. * feed on the leaves of many ornamental and vegetable garden host plants. * flies with wheatstalk, sweet clover, and hourglass fagots. * have sharp beaks with which they pierce the stems of plants and suck the plant juices. * infrequently cause economic damage in alfalfa. * leave little wads of spit on rosemary plants. * suck sap out of the plants with their needle-like mouthparts.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Springtail * All springtails are wingless. * Many springtails are opportunistic species capable of rapid population growth. * Most springtails breathe through their skin or cuticle, which is very permeable to water - develop into adults * Most springtails feed on decay matter - organic matter - vegetable matter - funguses, organisms that include mushrooms, mold, and yeast * Most springtails have appendages - courtship behavior - elaborate courtship behavior - size - possess organs - reach adulthood - thrive in areas * Some springtails are carnivores and prey on tiny worms, other species of springtails and their eggs - emerge as pests * Some springtails enter pools - swim pools * Some springtails feed on dead animals - fungi - go through growth stages * Some springtails have external appearances - forks - mandibles with well-developed molars - tubes * Some springtails inhabit dead wood - invade structures * Some springtails live in areas - caves or in the burrows of small mammals - fields - prefer moisture * also thrive in damp crawlspaces. * are a dull bluish black colour and have no wings - species of arthropod that generally live in areas of high humidity - able to crawl under doors that have damaged weather-stripping - an outdoor problem, even if they are found indoors - common soil dwelling arthropods - cosmopolitan, and they can be found worldwide - especially common around penguin colonies - even more numerous than insects - extremely numerous in compost * are found all over the UK, most of the year round - almost everywhere in Australia in a wide variety of habitats - generally a temporary problem and die when moisture levels are reduced - more nutritious that fruit flies - no longer a threat once the stems become woody - often drab colored, and are distinctly segmented - part of the community of decomposers that break down and recycle organic wastes - pests due to their large numbers - small insects that live in the termite mound with the termites - small, white to gray, oblong insects that jump when disturbed - the food of many insects * are tiny animals named for their ability to jump - tiny, threadlike insects which leap around the pot or watering saucer - usually light brown to cream in color * are very common and can be found worldwide - soil dwelling insects - much like the herpes virus * are very small insects that jump around when disturbed, much like fleas - small, only a few millimeters in length or smaller - wingless and typically gray or bluish in color * become very active when their environment starts to dry. * can be beneficial, through their ability to break down DDT in soil - have an elongated and cylindrical body shape, or they can be compact and spherical - invade by the thousands and they can do it quickly - jump several centimeters at a time - live for up to one year, reproducing at a rapid rate - provide plenty of food to seedlings - survive in extremely cold weather, and are known to survive in Arctic zones * come in a variety of colors and shapes. * commonly live up under slabs. * eat algae, bacteria, decaying plant material, fungi and pollen - fungi, algae, and bacteria that they find in their environment * feed mainly on organic materials - on algae, fungi, and decaying vegetable matter - fungi and bacteria associated with rotting organic matter in the soil * feed on leaf litter, decaying plant materials, bacteria and fungi - materials, mold or mildew, bacteria, and fungi - mold and fungi, another reason why they prefer moist habitats * get their name from the shape of their abdomen. * have a forked structure on the fourth segment of their abdomen used for movement - more rounded body, are soft-bodied and are easily crushed - normal hind legs, whereas fleas have hind legs modified for jumping - only four or five segments in their abdomen, fewer than any other insect - oval heads with four-segmented antennae - separate sexes * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - ears - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * inhabit humid, moist areas near abundant food sources. * live in damp places where they feed on decaying organic matter - soils all over the world from very warm climates to very cold climates - the leaflitter - mostly outside in damp or decaying conditions * lose water through the surface of their body. * move rapidly by crawling or jumping. * nesting in concrete slabs require more than simply spraying around the concrete. * normally live in damp soil. * occasionally become pests in potted plants. * occur in great numbers - leaf mold, damp soil, under bark, in decaying logs and in fungi * prefer dark, damp areas. * range throughout the Arctic, temperate and tropical regions. * reproduce prolifically, developing from egg to adult in just a few weeks - quickly usually within three to five weeks * tend to gather in the block which can be easily transferred to the tank for feeding.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Squash bug * Most squash bugs feed on foliage. * Some squash bugs have aroma - invade fields * are active during the day - also present in many areas - brown to black and more than a half inch long typically - busy laying eggs and watching their young feed on plants - elusive - often abundant - serious pests of squash and pumpkins * can also contribute to yellow-spotted leaves. * can be a problem on older cucumber plants - squash plants - anywhere in the range of colors from bright green to dark brown or grey * eat the leaves and inject a toxin that causes leaves to dry up and wilt. * extract sap from plants with their sucking mouthparts. * is an insect<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Stick insect * All stick insects are vegetarian. * Many stick insects are easy to care for , and make good pets. * Most stick insects are tropical and nocturnal. * Most stick insects eat leaves - vegetables - have wings * Some stick insects inhabit cooler temperate regions where they overwinter as eggs - look like twigs + Stick insect, Stick insects as pets: Insects * Many stick insects are easy to care for, and make good pets. Almost 300 species have been reared in captivity. Bragg P. 2008. Stinging insect * Most stinging insects are beneficial to man. * prefer dark colors.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Stonefly * All stoneflies inhabit freshwater as nymphs - require a rich supply of dissolved oxygen, which is plentiful in winter streams * Many stoneflies are predators that stalk their prey and hide around and between rocks - relatively large and important food for fish - shredders and feed on leaf litter that drops from an overhanging tree canopy * Some stoneflies are carnivors, and they are eaten by a variety of fish. * Stoneflies are absent entirely - an important source of food for many fish that are found in ponds and streams - moderately tolerant of metals - probably more active in the winter months than most aquatics - still around, but are dying out * Stoneflies are the first to disappear from a stream as human disturbance increases - largest of the three main types of trout stream insects - most pollution sensitive of aquatic insect groups - come in a variety of sizes and colors - crawl out of the water and mate on the ground * Stoneflies have long cerci projecting from the end of the abdomen - two pairs of wings - live in protected areas of debris, leaves, or under stones - look similar to mayflies but are stockier - only live in clean water - require clean, well-oxygenated water to survive * Stoneflies tend to like faster water, rocks, boulders and overhanging trees - rocks, boulders, overhanging trees * is an insect	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Termite * All termites are social insects. * Many termites also have symbiotic relations with nitrogen fixing bacteria. * Most termites appear in colonies - gardens - holes - wood - are evolved from ancestors * Most termites are inside walls * Most termites are located in soil - the subterranean type and are able to tunnel in the soil - construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds - destroy wood - eat dead wood * Most termites emerge from colonies - structures * Most termites enter habitats - go to wood * Most termites have lifespans - long lifespans - mandibles - massive mandibles * Most termites hide in buildings - keep mounds - kill trees - look like insects * Most termites make colonies - reach maturity * Most termites require nests * Some termites also communicate by banging their heads against tunnel walls - appear in habitats - are inside Florida - build huge mounds of bits of soil mixed with saliva - carry dust * Some termites destroy leaves - die after a little feeding * Some termites eat food - furniture - limbs - wallpaper * Some termites emerge from holes - enter trees - even create remarkable indoor greenhouses, where they plant and tend fungus gardens - fall into water * Some termites have bacteria - habits - protozoans - live up to decades * Some termites look like ants - fly ants - make up diets * Some termites occur in Florida - density - high density - produce methane - range north into colder climes where they enjoy the warmth of centrally heated homes - return to nests - shed legs. * They are 'eusocial' animals, as are ants and some bees and wasps. Termites mostly feed on detritus, mostly wood, leaf litter, soil, or animal dung. * are major detrivores in the subtropical and tropical regions. Their recycling of wood and other plant matter is very important for ecology * abound year round in soils and woodwork. * actually eat wood and can cause physical damage. * aerate the soil, making tunnels. * also are an important food source for many animals that live in the forest - contain methanogenic microorganisms in their gut * also develop an immune response against funge and bacteria - wings and swarm during the spring and look similar to flying ants * also feed on paper, fiberboard, including books, newspapers and fabrics - randomly among all available food sites within their foraging area * also have a variety of physiological defenses at their disposal - endosymbiotic bacteria in their guts that help break down the plant cellulose - four wings of equal size - the largest mounds of any animal except for the humans - nest underground in vast subterranean colonies - posses the necessary enzyme - prefer to swarm at warm temperatures - produce much of the nitrogen found in the earth's atmosphere - release methane through similar processes - return nutrients to the soil to be consumed by other insects and microscopic life - to have TWO body segments and straight antennae * are a favorite food in tropical areas - major pest of homes causing billions of dollars of damage each year - able to digest wood with the help of microorganisms which live in the termite gut - actually more closely related to cockroaches and mantids * are also a problem in the United States - an important food source in West Africa - among the most ancient of insects - source of food for many animals, including humans - arguably the greatest builders in the animal world * are beneficial because they recycle nutrients from decayed wood back into the soil - in that they remove wood from the forest and recycle nutrients to plants - insects by breaking down dead wood and returning nutrients to the soil - born into their castes - common in forests as recyclers of wood * are consumed by a wide variety of predators - people in many different cultures around the world - critical in the decomposition and nutrient cycling of wood - dark brown, black, pale white and pale yellow in color - detritivores , consuming dead plants at any level of decomposition - detritivores, or detritus feeders - diploid, yet are just as eusocial - especially abundant in the tropical grasslands of the world * are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction - insects, which means that they are social insects like ants, bees and wasps - excavatory endoxylophagous insects - found on all continents except Antarctica - grouped according to their feeding habits - harmless to man and animals although soldier termites can bite * are important decomposers of wood - recycles of dead wood - in every inch of soil in our area - insects that consume wood fibers as their primary food source * are inside houses * are located in apartments - on walls * are more destructive than fire - likely to swarm in the spring * are most likely to swarm after a rain - prevalent in southern Ontario and southern British Columbia - nature's answer to the bio-conversion efficiency problem - now one of the most costly economic pests - one of the very few insects that actually eat the wood - part of nature's way of recycling dead wood - pesky wood-destroying insects - potentially serious pests - present during both termite swarm season and non-season times - preyed upon for their great source of protein - rare to very uncommon in Minnesota - recyclers of trees - recylcers that play an important role in the natural breakdown of wood - scavengers of dead wood - similar to ants, but with straight bodies and antenna * are small, pale-colored insects - soft bodied, usually pale-colored insects - sneaky little critters that literally eat homes * are social insects closely related to roaches * are social insects that eat wood - feed exclusively on plant material - form large colonies * are social insects that live in colonies where labor is divided among a caste system - highly organized colonies - large communal nests * are social insects with a caste system that includes reproductives, workers and soldiers - highly organized caste system, much like ants or bees - insects, which live in large colonies - solitary insects - some of the most highly social animals in the world * are the major wood-destroying structural pests in the southern United States - number one pests for property owners - only hemimetabolus insect order to exhibit a social behavior similar to ants - preferred food, which is why the animal is often called the 'spiny anteater' - thought to be particularly important protein source for young chicks - vermins * are very light-sensitive and can only survive in a dark, slightly humid environment - slow in growth - small and similar in size to ants , which often leads to confusion - vital recyclers in the tropical rain forest, where they feed on cellulose and soil - well known to reside in cellulose based materials like wood - widespread and produce enormous mounds throughout the miombo region - wood-destroying organisms * attack almost any kind of wood - both soft and hard woods * become crop pests - most active during the spring and summer months * become serious crop pests - victims * bite the stem and can thus be pulled out and eaten by the chimp. * break down tough plant fibers, recycling dead and decaying trees into new soil. * build air-conditioning vents that let cool air in the bottom and hot air out the top - lofty nests throughout the country - mud tubes - nests in different shapes and sizes - the largest nests of any insect * can also attack dead branches and limbs of a tree - injure or destroy living trees and shrubs - be another pest that can be found in the home * can cause extensive damage to unprotected structures - major structural damage to homes and other buildings as well as wooden furniture - severe structural damage over time - thousands of dollars of damage to a home - damage homes and other wooden structures - easily enter small cracks in foundations and concrete floors - exist in a number of forms - feed on wooden buildings, utility poles, fence posts, etc - get through tiny cracks in foundations or the calking around pipes, doors and windows - help to replenish the soil and get rid of fallen trees and leaf debris - hollow out wood beams, gut walls and reduce wood floors or trim to a paper-thin veneer - invade and cause thousands of dollars in damage to unprotected homes - make their own nitrogen from thin air - only exist co-dependently in a colony * can only survive in a narrow range of temperatures - with the help of microbes that live in their digestive tracts - quickly exploit any cracks or crevices inside of concrete - secrete pheromones to mark the trail to food or alert the colony to danger - severely damage a home - slip through tiny cracks in cement foundations - squeeze through an opening as small as the thickness of a piece of paper - travel hundreds of feet in search of wood food source - tube through the gap between the foundation and the porch to reach wood * cause billions of dollars in damage each year - of property damage annually - millions of dollars of damage to structures annually * cause more damage than floods, fires, hurricanes and tornados combined - destruction to wood and paper products in Alabama than any other insect - significant damage - structural damage as workers feed on wood * chew environments * collect diamonds and gold to keep at the entrances to their nests - plant cellulose and use it to raise fungus * come from colonies. * communicate by secreting chemicals called pheromones - primarily by secreting chemicals called pheromones * construct nests that are often structurally species-specific. * consume cellulose. * create a network of tunnels, foraging for food - nests by cementing soil and wood together with saliva and feces - tunnels in wood * damage more homes than storms and fires combined. * depend on each other for food. * derive their nutrition from the cellulose that is contained in the wood. * destroy buildings - vegetation * develop via simple metamorphosis from egg to nymph to adult. * die after ingesting borate-treated wood - by coming into contact with termiticide-treated soil * dig the red clay, looking for invisible diamonds. * do more damage than all tornadoes, hurricanes, fires and floods combined - their worst damage inside the structural supports of a house * drop their winds to mate and then try to return to the ground. * eat away at the rot - rotting wood fibers - cabins - cellulose for food * eat dead plant material, so the nutrients in the plants are returned to the soil - trees and bushes, devouring the wood and redepositing it into the ground - lumber - materials containing cellulose, but the specific termite diet varies by species - the cellulose in dead wood, including timbers and rafters in houses * eat the wood in which they live - they infest and as a result there isn t any sawdust * eat wood and use their feces to build nests - from the inside out, defying detection for years while doing extensive damage - twice as fast when listening to heavy metal music * eat wood, or stalks of straw or vegetables - wallpaper, plastics and fabric made from plants * encounter wood. * enter buildings - structures by building mud tubes up into the structure - through cracks in the shells to get to the fruit pulp * essentially make up the entirety of their food intake, rather than mammalian flesh. * even farm their own fungus inside the complex structures. * exist in the same kind of colony as bees. * feed in colonies - groups * feed mainly on wood or other materials containing cellulose - wood, happily munching their way through houses and other wooden structures * feed on anything containing cellulose, the main component of wood - cellulose of wood but are unable to digest it - dead wood material, such as tree stumps or cardboard - decaying wood, thereby recycling nutrients needed to maintain a healthy forest - each other's feces - live plant materials - plants directly or on fungus growing on decaying plant material - substances * feed on the bait and carry it back to the colony, feed on it and die - cellulose in wood and wood by-products, such as paper - treated wood and carry it back to the colony - upon wood, including structural wood especially that which is in contact with soil * find protection from heat, cold, and drying winds in the decaying fiber. * fly in the spring. * form a very significant part of the ecology of outback Australia * frequently exchange food and body secretions as part of their normal existence. * fumigate their nests with naphthalene. * generally avoid light except during the mating flight. * get nutrients from cellulose, an organic fiber found in wood and plant matter. * go through incomplete metamorphosis with egg, nymph, and adult stages - six moltings, or instar stages, as they mature from nymph to adult * harvest wood. * has-part eyes * have a better fossil record than most other insects - broad waist and straight bead like antennae - broad-waisted appearance * have a caste system which includes both males and females, and they are colonial - protozoa in their digestive tract that can convert cellulose into usable food - ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and the sternites - thick waist and ants have a narrow waist - acute survival instincts - an important ecological role in recycling dead plant fibre - broad, thick waists, whereas ants have narrow, thin ones - capability - chewing mouthparts - extraordinary powers of foraging, feeding, reproduction and defense * have four wings of equal length, while ants have wings of unequal lengths - that are all equal in length - large heads with no distinct body segmentation more ribbed texture - microscopic, one-celled animals, called protozoa, living inside their digestive tract - no distinct body segments - relatively straight, beadlike antennae while ants have elbowed antennae - short, straight antennae, whereas ants have long, bent antennae - slightly concave antennae * have straight antennae and two sets of wings that are equal length - antennae, and ants have elbowed antennae - bodies and antennae - torsos and antennae - the ability to change from one caste type to another during their immature stages - thick waists, while ant waists are thin - thicker waists and have antennae that resemble strings of tiny beads - three body parts, the head, thorax and adbomen - two pairs of wings that are of almost equal length - very gentle and soft bodies, sensible to the sunlight - warrior castes with spray nozzles similar to ants - what appears to be two, the head and body - wings that they shed once they have found a good place to build a nest * help convert dead organic matter into usable nutrients. - the walls of our homes to feed and stay warm * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * infest properties. * ingest the arsenic during their grooming activities. * invade holes - residences - structures of all ages, old and new * leave scent trails to guide other workers using special glands on their chests. * live in areas - bark - colonies deep underground - colonies, where they work and operate in a well-defined system of order - dry wood * live in large colonies and they nest, feed and forage in microbially rich environments - of cooperating individuals of three different castes - with a queen, workers, and soldiers - the soil under and around the building - underground in large, social colonies * look and act like ants - larval because, in a lot of ways, they are larval - something like ants, only they have wings * love habitats * make burrows in wood - passageways - pathways * mate for life. * migrate to homes * mostly feed on detritus , mostly wood , leaf litter , soil , or animal dung. * move into homes. * never eat across the grain and always pack everything they are working in with the sand - the wood of a jackalberry tree * often attack wood that is touching or close to soil - fly to windows or other light sources * play a vital role in nature - an important role in recycling nutrients and breaking down cellulose * possess bodies - genes * prefer climates - to feed on the soft grain of the wood - warm climates * produce hollow sound * quickly die from loss of body fluids if exposed to outside conditions for very long. * receive sustenance. * release pheromone. * rely on alarm communication to defend a colony. * remain hidden within wood and are difficult to detect. * require environments - moisture and their sole source of food is cellulose from wood * resemble ants and they are often called white ants * seek homes - logs * share sustenance. * shed wings. * simply follow eons of survival instincts by searching out a food source. * survive by eating wood, paper, fiberboard, cotton fabrics, and other cellulose products. * swarm annually looking for a place to live - in order to mate and start new colonies * swarm in the fall, to mate and seek new colony sites - spring, just as ants do - mostly in late summer early fall * swarm only in large colonies - when their home colony has become overcrowded * swarm, usually once a year, to reproduce. * tend to interact with most forms of cellulose wood fiber regardless of the source or type. * thrive in moist environments and can survive above ground in excessively wet wood - on moldy wood * travel from nests in the soil through a brownish, corklike tube to their food supply. * typically live in the soil near a food and water source, such as rotting lumber. * use pheromones to communicate with one another and to leave trails for found food - shelter tubes to enter structures - sophisticated means to control the temperatures of their mounds - their frass to build mud tunnels and nests * usually feed on plant food and wood. * work all day long and eat all day long - from the inside out and are very often hard to detect + Ant, Evolution: * Termites, though sometimes called 'white ants', are not ants and belong to the order Isoptera. Termites are actually more closely related to cockroaches and mantids. Termites are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction. The similar social structure is attributed to convergent evolution. Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps. + Burrow: Animals * Burrows can be made in different materials. Kangaroo mice make burrows in sand. Termites make burrows in wood. Some sea urchins and clams make burrows in rock. Burrows can also be make in different shapes and sizes. Some burrows are simple tubes a few centimeters long. Others are many tunnels and rooms that connect to each other.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| termite: Formosan termite * are insensitive to the naphthalene that they build into their tunnel walls. * can build carton nests in wall and floor spaces - penetrate plaster, plastic and asphalt to get to a new food source * cause the same type of damage as the other subterranean termites. * have several endearing characteristics. * use their feces to make their nests. Soldier termite * become workers. * have heads.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| termite: Subterranean termite * Subterranean Termites Learn about their biology, detection and control. * are by far the most destructive of all wood destroying insects - ground dwellers and require contact with soil and a source of moisture - ground-dwelling social insects living in colonies - more widespread, and nest in the ground foraging above ground for food - most abundant in moist, warm soils containing plenty of food - present over the entire U.S. but especially in the Southern States - serious pests, whose control is best left to professionals - social insects living in colonies in the soil - structural pests of buildings and tunnel into wood - the most abundant variety and can be found throughout the United States * are the most common and do the most damage of all termite species - termites in the United States * are the most destructive and common termite in the region - insect pests of wood - kind of termite - very vulnerable to dryness and require a constant supply of moisture * can be very serious structural pests of houses - live many hundreds of metres from a targeted dwelling * construct four types of tubes or tunnels. * enjoy warm lands and eat cellulose, a material found in all plant cells. * feed mainly on wood and wood products containing cellulose - on wood or other items that contain cellulose * have a more varied diet than their cousins - huge colonies, often with over a million individuals - to have a dependable moisture source * invade homes from the soil around and beneath the structure. * live underground or in protected areas such as wood. * look for areas where wood contacts the earth. * make shelter tubes of soil material mixed with their siliva and fecal matter. * occur in every state except Alaska - large colonies that live underground and feed on available wood * produce liquid feces, whereas drywood termites produce characteristic pellets. * use moisture in the earth to survive. Swarming termite * are dark brown, have two pairs of nearly equally sized wings and are weak flyers - often confused with ants but can be distinguished by two simple characters * have straight antennae, a thick waist and all wings the same length. Winged termite * are a reproductive class and they swarm before they mate - often the first sign of a subterranean termite infestation * fly up into air in massive clouds. * have a fat waist, equally sized wings, and straight, beaded antennae. Worker termite * feed on substances * look like insects.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Thrip * Most thrips are plant feeders, and many are abundant on vegetation or in flowers - lay eggs, but some species can birth live young * Some thrips also damage the plant indirectly, by transmitting the virus that causes spotted wilt - are predacious on other small arthropods, and many feed on fungal spores * Some thrips are predators, and a few feed on spider mites - such as the six-spotted thrip, which feeds on other thrips and mites * also act as reservoirs for several onion diseases. * also are important vectors for tomato ringspot virus - vectors for certain plant diseases - cause deformed flowers and prevent man, flower spikes from opening at all - develop tolerances to chemicals very easily - feed on pollen and some species are predaceous * are a common sporadic pest of soybeans - problem in both cotton and peanuts - active all year in year-round greenhouses - also an important predator of mites, and their presence keeps mite numbers low - brown or tan, about one-eighth of an inch long - common transport vehicles for the viruses * are generally a widespread insect pest of peanut - most abundant during the seedling phase of plant growth in hot, dry weather * are minute insects that can generally be found in new leaves that are beginning to unfold - feed on pollen and tender plant tissue * are most damaging to young peanut plants - easy to find early in the day - noticeable and of greatest concern on young seedling plants - one of the most serious pests that attack daylilies - plant feeders, attacking flowers, leaves, fruit, twigs and buds - serious pests of gladiolus - shallow feeders that feed primarily on surface tissue - slender, dark-colored insects, with fringed wings - small insects in the order Thysanoptera * are small, slender insects characterized by long, hair-fringed wings - thin pests, the young being yellow and the adults brown or black - so small they look like a hyphen that moves * are the first insect problem encountered each year - most common insect to attack onions and can emerge from the soil - smallest insects to attack cotton - tiny black insects longer than they are wide and there are two kinds * are tiny insects found on the underside of corn leaves that feed on the leaves - that inhabit flowers, leaves, and soil * are very small and hard to see - insects with narrow fringed wings that are lacking in the nymphs * attack the foliage, buds and flowers of many vegetable, ornamental and flowering plants. * become abundant in the spring when temperatures begin to warm up - infective only when they acquire the virus while feeding on infected plants as larvae * breed inside the unopened leaf spindles, leaf sheaths, flower bracts and flower tubes. * build up on alfalfa, small grains, and weeds. * can also be a problem and can be controlled with the same insecticides. * can attack flower buds which then open partially, turn brown and drop off the plant - okra in the seedling and early juvenile stages, delaying crop development - be a significant problem on garlic chives in the greenhouse - cause surface damage or distort growth - overwinter on stored corms - pose a threat to young cotton plants - scar fruit by feeding on or laying eggs in the fruit - spread many diseases from plant to plant * can transmit the tomato spotted wilt virus to many different ornamentals * cause the under surfaces of petals to turn white and wither. * chew the top surface of leaves, leaving a striped, tan dead layer of leaf behind. * continue to be a problem for greenhouse growers. * damage the leaves. * do their damage by sucking juices from the petals. * feed at the bases of rosebuds and on the petals of open flowers. * feed by piercing individual cells and sucking the contents - plant cells with their mouthparts and sucking out the cellular contents - rasping the bud, flower, and leaf tissues and then sucking up the plant sap - rupturing plant cells and sucking the contents * feed on plant tissues by puncturing the surface and then sucking the juices - pollen in flowers and on soft young tissue in buds - the tender plant foliage of cotton - young leaves and flowers using rasping-sucking mouthparts * feeding injury on the foliage leave distinct white feeding scars. * gain access to the kernels through the silk channel opening soon after pollination. * generally move quickly to shelter when disturbed. * have a unique life cycle - wide host range - two pair of wings fringed with fine hairs - unusual mouthparts, in that they only have one mandible * hide within the petals. * inhabit the cones of the male cycads, where they feed on pollen. * is an insect * leave tiny black drops of excrement in the feeding areas. * mature very rapidly. * mechanically damage plants during the feeding process. * move to seedling cotton from nearby weeds. * often attack peas that are planted close to mature wheat fields - can start out on wheat, then move to other crops as the wheat dries down - deposit tiny greenish-black fecal specks on leaves when they feed * pass through two nymphs stages, in which the nymphs feed on the same food as the adults. * pose two difficulties regarding chemical controls. * prefer to feed in rapidly growing tissue. * puncture the tissue, then sucks the sap and fluid that is released from the injured tissue. * rasp or tear the surface of plant tissues as they feed, then suck up the freed plant fluid. * rasp the foliage causing russeting and blackening of growth - leaf surface with special mouthparts and then suck up the plant juices - leaves, and then suck the juices from the plant - outer tissue layers of the leaves, flowers and corms * run, crawl, and jump and can move rapidly. * scrape the feeding surface and suck up the plant's fluids. * seem to prefer damaged or unhealthy specimens. * spread the virus to other plants with each feeding. * survive year-round in the greenhouse. * tend to hide in crevices in flowers and young foliage, where spray penetration is often poor. * thrive in hot, dry conditions. * transmit the virus. * vary in color from dark brown to yellowish. * wedge down deep into the blossoms and buds and avoid the pesticide.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### animal \| arthropod \| insect \| thrip: Melon thrip * are a primary foliar pest on watermelon, eggplant, cucumber, and peppers in Hawaii - resistant to many organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides * have a clear yellow body without darker blotches but with thick, blackish body setae. * tend to live and feed on the leaves. Onion thrip * are a widespread pest - extremely polyphagous - thrips - tiny insects with unique fringed wings * cause blotches on onion leaves, and can be controlled with insecticidal soap. * constitutes another major economic insect pest for cabbage. * deposit their eggs in leaf tissue. * experience four instars. * have six to ten generations depending on temperature. Pear thrip * has only one generation. * have many native hosts including maple and other deciduous trees. * injure the blossoms of the pear, apple, and other fruiting species. Tiny insect * Most tiny insects feed on blood - have wings * Most tiny insects prefer humid places * Some tiny insects eat animals. * Some tiny insects feed on juice - plant juice - resemble moths * Some tiny insects resemble tiny moths - white moths * complete development. * suck the life out of the vine, usually taking three to five years to fully destroy it.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: Treehopper * Many treehoppers are gregarious or even subsocial, with some even guarding their eggs and immatures - secrete honeydew, a sweet by-product of digestion * Most treehoppers cause damage - severe damage - have a one year life cycle in the North * Most treehoppers live for few months - occur in regions * Some treehoppers eat plants. * Some treehoppers feed on phloem - form lineage * Some treehoppers have ability - hairy legs - produce honey - provide food * also are carriers. * are closely related to leafhoppers - known for the remarkable diversity of their shapes and behaviors - masters of mimicry - small insects which usually mimic thorns, buds, or other plant parts - usually strange-looking, brightly colored, jumping insects * can leap great distances between plants to escape predators. * come in a variety of colors and patterns. * have few natural enemies. * includes air sacs - brains - carapaces - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - faces - flight feathers - heads - nuclei - plasma membranes - quill feathers - sections - shells - skulls - thoraxes - vacuoles * usually have one or more generations per year.<\|endoftext\|>### animal \| arthropod \| insect: True bug * All true bugs have piercing-sucking mouthparts, which form a noticeable beak - similar mouthparts, which they use to suck up plant sap - straw-like mouth parts * Many true bugs are aquatic - give off an unpleasant odor when disturbed * Most true bugs have half of their front wings hardened and have the other half soft - large eggs that can be seen without the aid of a magnifying glass. * There are many different kinds of true bugs, some of which are aphids, cicadas, planthoppers, shield bugs, and others. All of these are true bugs. All true bugs have similar mouthparts, which they use to suck up plant sap * True Bugs have mouth parts made for piercing and sucking, sometimes, plants, other insects or blood. * are a type of insect * have soda straw mouths made for poking into plants or drinking the blood of animals - two pairs of wings or none * is an insect + True bug, Features of true bugs * Most true bugs have half of their front wings hardened and have the other half soft. The hind wings are totally soft and are shorter than the front wings.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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