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### body part: Pseudopod * are also important in cell signaling and phagocytosis - temporary bulges of the cell - used for movement and to capture food * can also capture prey by phagocytosis - help ameboids feed by surrounding and engulfing a food source * is an appendage + Pseudopodia: Cell biology * Pseudopods can also capture prey by phagocytosis. Pseudopedia are used by some cells to move around. They can detect food and place it inside the cell. The human white blood cell uses this way to get around. Radicle * Some radicles are part of arms - elbows - faces - legs - nerves - thighs - penetrate surfaces * are atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons. * body part. * includes corpi.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part: Receptor * All receptors transduce sensory input to a change in membrane potential. * Most receptors detect conditions. * Most receptors detect different conditions - external conditions - motion - pain - perceptible vibration - stimuli * Most receptors respond to mechanical stimuli * Some receptors are free nerve endings - glycoproteins, others are phospholipids or glycolipids - bind to effector proteins that generate a second messenger molecule - can move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus - control activities - detect presence - enhance phagocytosis - facilitate deliveries * Some receptors have essential functions - specific functions - initiate killing, but other prevent killing - involve in phagocytosis - react to temperature while others react to pressure * act as the gateway between nerve cells. * activated by light provide different information about the magnetic field. * also binds to immobilized rabbit actin or free neutrophil cytosolic actin. * are an important part of the story of how viruses cause infection - another important control point for the effectiveness of synapses - cell components that combine with the hormone to alter the function of the cell - cells in the retina that perceive light - classified based on the source of the stimulus - down regulated during depression and immune system suppressed - in the cell membrane , with part of the receptor outside and part inside the cell - like letter boxes through which the enzyme can pass - molecules and structures that detect stimuli * are molecules that allow cells to respond to chemical signals from other cells - receive messages from chemical messengers like dopamine - within brain cells that detect and respond to the vitamin - necessary to cellular signalling, adhesion, and recognition - nerve endings that have a chemical reaction to the food that is being eaten * are present in most cells and it likely has many additional effects - on the cells in the human body just for the attachment of infectious agents * are protein molecules that read and respond to hormone signals - tyrosine kinases - protein-based structures embedded in cell membranes which serve as relays for signals * are proteins that serve as gatekeepers for the cell - typically sit on the surface of cells and bind molecules called ligands - responsible for filtering, transduction, amplification, and activation - sensitive to the rate of pressure change as well as to the steady or mean pressure * are sites in and on brain cells that receive chemical messages - on cells that accept insulin and allow glucose to enter - small proteins that lie on the surface of a cell - specialized proteins that receive cellular signals - specific proteins that sit on the surface of cells and combine with substances - structures found on the surface of nerve cells - subject to up and down regulation - such mechanisms as the eye, ear, and taste buds - the place where drugs act - vital links in the body's command chain * bind hormones with specificity, affinity and saturation. * convert energy into electrical activity - environmental stimuli into neural impulses * detect changes from the stable state * determine which cells respond to a given growth factor. * differ in the type of stimuli to which they respond. * embedded in the membranes of cells are a. proteins. * exist on cells that bind androgens. * have different shapes, and thus interact with specific molecules - several properties - the ability to bind, internalize, and degrade thrombopoietin * indicates the presence of members of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein family. * is an organ - on adjacent cells * mediate their actions by a cascade of enzymatic actions. * mediated endocytosis is used by the cell to gather and being atoms. * recognise response elements which are related to a consensus sequence. * reduce their sensitivity if continuously stimulated. * resemble locks into which only certain keys can fit. * respond to chemical signals by starting or stopping particular activities within the cell * share certain features with neurons. * signalling major field of interest. * stick out of the cell. * usually are picky about what they allow to bind.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| receptor: Adrenergic receptor * blocking agents are antidotes to pseudoephedrine. * exists as slightly different molecular subvariants - slightlydifferent molecular subvariants ### body part \| receptor \| body part: Membrane receptor * Some membrane receptors are ligand-gated ion channels - contain domains that are very rich in O-linked saccharides * are extrinsic or associated with the surface of the bilayer. * signal transduction. Chemical receptor * are sensitive mostly to noxious gases and fumes. * stimulate the taste receptors on the tongue to register a reaction. Cold receptor * are also abundant in the cornea, but heat and touch receptors seem to be lacking. * report only cold, and warmth receptors only heat. Cytokine receptor * Many cytokine receptors consist of subunit structure. * are somewhat unique among receptors. Estrogen receptor * are more highly concentrated in some areas of the body - protein on the cancer's surface that tends to predict prognosis - proteins on the cancer surface and can be detected by pathologists * assay A diagnostic procedure to see if a tumor s growth is dependant on estrogen. Muscarinic receptor * agonists and antagonists. * are one subclass of receptors that utilize acteylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Nicotinic receptor * are present at the neuromuscular junction and in central nervous system neurons. * possess a relatively low affinity for acetylcholine at rest. Nmda receptor * NMDA receptors are important in nerve cell migration and synapse formation during development - involved in associative memory - bind to and are activated by the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate - interact with postsynaptic proteins known as SAPs and with alpha-actinin * NMDA receptors mediate hypoxic spine loss in cultured neurons - peripheral chemoreceptor afferent input in the conscious rat - play a role in opiate dependence Nuclear receptor * are a superfamily of ligand-modulated transcription factors - among the most intensively-studied transcription factors * play critical roles in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Olfactory receptor * are present on antenna and palps - quick to adapt - very specific * can bind to a variety of odor molecules. * guide axons. Steroid receptor * are proteins that have a binding site for a particular steroid. * play an important role in treatment of breast cancer. Rectum * Most recta are part of colons. * Recta includes anuses - corpi * Some recta remove water. * have tumours. Shank * are body parts - cuts - cylinders - meaty leg joints that are perfect for braising * are part of anchors - bits - bolts - handles - keys - legs - nails - pins - wineglasses - the vertical sidepieces on a curb bit to which the reins attach - thick and have flat edges ### body part \| shank: Black shank * builds up in the soil of land planted to tobacco year after year. * fungus that lives in the soil. * leading cause of damage to both burley and dark tobaccos in Kentucky. Shin * Some shins are part of bodies - legs * are bands - letters - part of legs - solid objects * includes corpi. * stretch out when moving the leg forward. Shoulder * Most shoulders are part of bodies. * Some shoulders allow wings - have heads * are body parts - joints - chucks - garments - roads - torsos - solid objects * can be different widths as well as different heights. * fall back naturally, minimizing stress to muscles and tendons. - lobes * support heads. ### body part \| shoulder: Frozen shoulder * can be particularly severe in individuals with diabetes - come on after a period of disuse of the arm * is characterized by shoulder stiffness, but the X-rays are usually normal - the shoulder is usually strong - rare in young people * kind of spontaneous, progressive periarthritis over the shoulder joint.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| shoulder: Shoulder dislocation * Most shoulder dislocations are due to a traumatic injury, such as a fall. * are among the most common conditions of the shoulder - very common ailments * can occur if the cyclist's arm is raised during a forward fall. Skeleton * follows muscles. * is common site for mets from carcinomas and occasionally sarcomas - similar to flying birds ### body part \| skeleton: Bird skeleton * are light and strong. * pose some special mounting problems. Dolphin skeleton * Most dolphin skeletons have limbs. * Most dolphin skeletons have vestigial hind limbs * have hind limbs Endoskeleton * Most endoskeletons make up of bones. * Some endoskeletons are made of bones - have exoskeletons * derive from the mesoderm. * includes arm bones - backbones - bone cells - corpi - ground substances - hip sockets - joints - leg bones - marrow - mast cells - pelves - rib cages * includes shoulder blades - skulls - spines - sterna Human skeleton * Most human skeletons consist of bones. * are internal ones called endoskeletons. * include bones. * show signs of violent end. Internal skeleton * Most internal skeletons are made of bones. * Most internal skeletons consist of bones - skull bones * Some internal skeletons are made of cartilages. * Some internal skeletons consist of bony plates * Some internal skeletons consist of small bony plates - cover with spines - make up of plates Sole * includes corpi. * protect feet. * provide traction. ### body part \| sole: English sole * is found from Mexico to Alaska. * rely on tidal currents to move into and out of the estuaries.<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Spicule * Many spicules are cemented together. * Most spicules have four axes. * appear to be the same, but are hot areas in the chromosphere. * are bone-like structures found in the Hydra - evident in the body's wall - highly varied, and to some extent, are distinct for each species of sponge - made of calcium carbonate and silica, or the organic substance spongin - needles of hard material, typically Calcium carbonate, or silica and collagen - processes - secreted by scleroblasts, which are a sub-class of amoebocyte - silicate or calcium carbonate structures, which support the soft tissues of sponges - small, jet-like eruptions seen throughout the chromospheric network - the result of small storms in the chromosphere - tiny teeth that protrude from the saddle - used to guide sperm to the female's genital pore * can be calcareous, siliceous or made of spongin fibers. * extend the chromosphere into the corona as pointed waves. * glide along gubernaculum in two grooves separated by a needle-shaped cuneus. * is an appendage * occur at the edges of the chromospheric network, where magnetic fields are stronger - in the body cavity and resemble calipers * usually occur in pairs that are even length or uneven and some species have only one.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part: Spine * More spines form when a neuron receives insufficient levels of activation. * Most spines are connected by membranes - part of endoskeletons - facilitate dispersals * Most spines grow out of spinal vertebrae * Most spines have bases - shapes - vascular tissue * Most spines protect bellies - urchins * Some spines are located in sharks - consist of keratin * Some spines deter animals - graze animals * Some spines emerge from dorsal surfaces * Some spines have grooves - sides - inflict injuries - move from sides * Some spines penetrate human skin - pierce flesh - provide protection * also come in handy for burrowing and trapping food - help to reduce heat load, and dissipate heat * are able to swivel towards a predator because they are connected to muscles * are found along the edges of leaves near the base and at the tips of some of the lobes - in a wide range of animals both vertebrate and invertebrate - included in the shark anatomy as a form of protection - modified leaves, and thorns are modified stems * are part of backs - bodies - books - human bodies - poisonous and cause severe nettling when brought in contact with skin - present on juvenile leaves, however, they are lost when the plant matures - specialized structures at synapses - the first line of physical defense for a sea urchin - used for protection against predators and for communication - where important connections between neurons are made * become needles for sewing, or interesting pieces in the creation of jewelery. * can be soft or rigid, straight or curved, arranged in rows or scattered - move in a wide range of directions by contraction of muscles * cause painful stinging if they penetrate human skin. * cover backs. * cut horizontally through the caudal aspect of the fifth cervical vertebral body. * form intercellular bridges. * further keep grazing herbivores from nibbling the heads from above. * grow in clusters out of small lumps or mounds, called areoles, on the stem. * grow on the stem in clusters called areoles * harden soon after birth. - the added advantage of making the organism harder to eat - to be as important as teeth * help to protect it from predators - reflect light away from the cactus stem theoretically lowering the stem temperature * includes bone cells - marrow - mast cells - tail bones * make an effective barrier and plants produce loads of healthy orange hips in fall. * produce puncture wounds and can stay in skin * protect a hedgehog from predators and also cushion the animal if it falls out of a tree * protect the plant from animals, shade it from the sun and also collect moisture - the plant from the sun and also collect moisture - vertebral column * serve functions - important functions * skeletal structure * undergo morphological changes in vivo. * usually produce puncture wounds. ### body part \| spine: Cactus spine * Most cactus spines occur in clusters and some have spines modified as coarse hair. * are structural adaptations that provide shade and protection from herbivores. * come in a wide variety of lengths, widths, textures, and stiffnesses. * keep the plant safe. Dendritic spine * are ephemeral structures and are continually being formed and removed - the site of most excitatory synaptic input in the brain * assume very different shapes. Dorsal spine * Some dorsal spines penetrate human skin * are present when the host leaf is hairy and absent when the host leaf is smooth. Lateral spine * Most lateral spines have tissue * have no vascular tissue	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| spine: Sharp spine * Some sharp spines deter animals. * Some sharp spines penetrate human skin * are present on the veins and stems. - the back of the hedgehog * deter livestock, and presumably wildlife, from grazing. * grow along the leaf margins and extend down the branches and stems. * line the mantid's raptorial forelegs, enabling it to grasp the prey tightly as it eats. * makes it hard for other fish to swallow.<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Spiracle * Most spiracles have tracheae - tubules * Some spiracles are behind eyes - closed by valves * are an insect's breathing pores - attached to the tube called trachea - external openings of the tracheal system - holes in body wall that let air into tracheal tubes - located on the abdomen and thorax - openings to the tracheae - orifices - present posterior to the eyes - reduced or missing in active pelagic sharks * cribriform with C-shaped peritremes. * cribriform, lacking closing apparatus, concavities of respiratory plates oriented ventrad - with closing apparatus * includes corpi. * is an orifice * run along the sides of all insects and are the holes through which they breathe. * send air to numerous tracheae.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| spiracle: Blowhole * are a whale's nostrils and are located on the top or back of the whale's head - formed by erosion - like nostrils - openings in the volcanic rock where breaking waves blast water into the air - part of cetaceans - vertical faults which have been widened by wave attack * can eventually erode the area surrounding the crevices to form larger sea caves. * have the capacity to change the topography near their locations. * help to distinguish modern forms of whales. * lava tube which was formed beneath the ocean millions of years ago.<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Tail * Most tails act like fifth limbs * Most tails have length - muscles - tips - help animals * Most tails produce oil - sound - vary in length * Some tails are supported by ossify tendons - bury in sand * Some tails consist of cartilaginous materials - feathers - few feathers - soft feathers * Some tails have black fur - dark plumages - filament - fine fur - flat shapes - flight feathers - glands - lobes - long filament - orange feathers - outer feathers - poisonous spikes - scent glands - shaggy fur - sharp spikes - stingers * Some tails have white feathers - wool - help predators - produce substances - serve as legs * alone can bind to the surface of the bacteria. * are also part of the social status and an area for fat storage - appendages - followers * are located in backs - monkeys - mechanical devices - organs * are part of cats - coin - fuselages - vertebrates - processes - projections - rears - reverses - spies * are used for signaling - wags - usually the darkest color on the individual animals * enable birds to maneuver around. * extend from abdomens - posteriors * have characteristics - conspicuous white tips - dark brown tips - distinctive black tips - balance the body, especially during ambush pounces on prey * hold backs. * move from positions. * presumably bind to specific other molecules that are the cargo. * produce loud sound * serve purposes. * show fluffs. * support animals. * take up about a third of their total body length. * tend to show the place or function of the horse. ### body part \| tail: Black tail * Most black tails have tips. * Some black tails have feathers * are normal in many sub-species, with white spotting on the ears, chest and legs. Bobtail * are tails. * come in shorthaired and longhaired varieties. Comet tail * are expansions of the coma - like signatures for individual comets - millions of kilometers long - often very long * point away from the Sun, regardless of the direction in which the comet is traveling.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tail: Dust tail * are wider with more of a curve. * consist of dust particles which have streamed of the nucleus by escaping gasses. * show a distinct curvature. Lizard tail * are fragile and easily break off. * break easily if seized but can grow back. * help in balance and locomotion - movement Long tail * Most long tails have tips - vary in length * Some long tails have feathers - fur - outer feathers * Some long tails have white feathers - provide propulsion * have distinctive black tips * help keep balance during climbing and jumping. * interfere with breeding and lambing. Muscular tail * Most muscular tails extend posteriors. * Some muscular tails have flat shapes Oxtail * actually come from a cow. * are tails. * is skinned and usually sold cut in pieces. Prehensile tail * Most prehensile tails have tips. * Some prehensile tails act like hands - have pads * are also common. Red tail * Most red tails have dark brown tips * elicit viscous strikes, from every species of top of the line predators. Wet tail * condition that can be transmitted rapidly from animal to animal and is deadly. * disease that is stress related and caused by unclean and bad living conditions.<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Thorax * Most thoraxes connect appendages. * Most thoraxes have muscles - ridges * Some thoraxes are part of ants - aphids - arthropods - barnacles - bees - beetles - blowflies - bugs - butterflies - capsids - centipedes - chrysalises - cicadas - cockroaches - crabs - crickets - decapods - dragonflies - drones - earwigs - emperors - fireflies - fleas - goldeneyes - grasshoppers - honeybees - hornets - horseflies - houseflies - insects - katydids - krill - ladybirds - leafhoppers - lice - lobsters - locusts - mantises - mayflies - midges - millepedes - mites - mosquitoes - moths - peacocks - phasmids - plankton - pollinators - pupas - queens - scorpions - silverfishs - spiders - springtails - tarantulas - termites - treehoppers - trilobites - wasps - weevils - woodlouses * Some thoraxes have narrow stripes - wings * Some thoraxes look like narrow waists - protect hearts * Thoraces have no pheromones and thus are universally tasty. * includes corpi. Throat * Most throats have esophagi. * Some throats are part of bodies - necks * Some throats have black stripes - distinct stripes - sing best when sore * are body parts - openings * are part of human bodies - shoes - passage - solid objects * includes clappers - lobes * includes taste buds - cells - tongues - tonsils * rheumatoid arthritis rheumatoid arthriti.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| throat: Throat singing * refers to the development of a tone from deep in the vocal chords. * very old art. * well-known form of Inuit music that is usually performed by two women. + Tuva, Culture: Federal subjects of Russia :: Siberia * Tuvans are famous for their throat singing. Throat singing is a very old art. And it is very special because a throat singer can sing two or more notes at the same time. Throat singers imitate the sounds of nature. They can sound like a bird or like the howling wind. One style of throat singing has a rhythm like a horse trotting. For many centuries only men were allowed to be throat singers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part: Tissue * All tissue responds to injury in basically the same way with redness, swelling and resultant pain. * All tissues are most susceptible when young and actively growing - cause the X rays to slow down, resulting in what's known as a phase shift - containing cells with various types of cytoplasmic granules have giant lysosomes - experience some level of pulsation due to the perfusion of blood with the heart cycle * All tissues have an energy requirement that is usually met by metabolizing glucose - receptors that connect to the spinal segments - require a steady source of oxygen * Compare the benefits and limitations of existing as a single or multicellular organism. * Every tissue is composed of cells - fed by the blood, which is supplied by the intestinal system * Many tissues are syncitial and the number of nuclei is fixed - express the estrogen receptor - have a role in induction of the mesonephric kidney tubules * Most tissue absorbs water - becomes organs - carries nutrients - connects veins - consists of layers - contains antigen * Most tissue contains blood capillaries - vessels - collagen fiber - enzymes * Most tissue contains fetal blood vessels * Most tissue contains large blood vessels - lipids - proteins - self antigen * Most tissue covers bones - spongy bones - fills with blood * Most tissue has exponential growth - functions - similar functions - holds nutrients * Most tissue is affected by tumors - covered by skin * Most tissue is surrounded by healthy tissue * Most tissue performs functions - physiological functions * Most tissue performs specific functions - produces enzymes * Most tissue protects animals - responds to stimuli - serves functions - supports skin * Most tissue surrounds body organs - ducts - muscles - skeletal muscles - terminal ducts * Most tissues express the transcript at high levels but some areas have very little or no expression - have chemical defenses, usually several kinds - obtain plasminogen from the blood * Some tissue absorbs food - materials - radiation - acts like reflectors - becomes nerves - carries water - causes inflammation - comes from animals - connects teeth * Some tissue consists of contractile fiber - interweave fiber * Some tissue contains acid - chemical compounds - fungus spores - more toxic compounds - within craniums - covers penises * Some tissue cysts cause reaction - induce infection - derives from ectoderms - digests food * Some tissue fills bone cavities - with synovial fluid * Some tissue forms internal passageways * Some tissue has common embryonic origins - salinity - surface potential * Some tissue is connected by flexible membranes - embed in wax - replaced by bones - lines small intestines - loses water - makes up penises * Some tissue produces carbohydrates - enough carbohydrates - heat - substances - such substances - protects gills - removes waste products * Some tissue replaces healthy liver tissue - lungs * Some tissue replaces injure muscle tissue - retains chemical components - separates vaginas - spreads to bones * Some tissue supports internal organs * Some tissue surrounds blood vessels - flesh - follicles - kidneys - mouths - seminiferous tubules - urethras * Some tissues are more susceptible than others to radiation damage - can be very large and cause an obstruction due to overcrowding - contain only one type of cell - have more than one type of cell * absorb the radionuclide as it is circulated in the blood. * absorbs some wavelengths, but for other wavelengths, tissue is essentially transparent * androgens and androphillic proteins in rat epididymis during sexual development. * are aggregates of differentiated cells - also an important aspect in treating a cold - arranged to form organs - characteristic of advanced multicellular animals, common - collections of specialized cells that perform a common function - grouped together in the body to form organs - groups of cells specialised in doing a specific activity * are groups of cells that carry out a common function - lie together to accomplish a common function - work together to do a job in the body * are groups of cells with a basic structure and function - both a shared structure and function - closely associated similar cells that carry out carry out a specific function * are groups of similar cells that have a common function - perform a particular function - with similar function - layers of similar cells that perform a specific function - made up of many individual cells - often syncytial - organized groups of cells that are similar in appearance and function - the groups of cells that are very much alike in size and shape - tightly integrated structural and functional units of cell - transparent to light in a certain region of the light spectrum - very much more complicated than a group of cells * become more or less brittle. * begin to remove or extract a higher percentage of oxygen from the arterial blood. * begins to die and fermentative metabolism occurs resulting in alcoholic odor and off-flavors. * can absorb water like a sponge, resulting in a watery product - also absorb water like a sponge, resulting in a watery product - be simple or complex - change in various ways under the influence of random mutation - crack and ooze a brown liquid - help someone return to a normal life * comes from donors in much the same way donated organs do. * compose organs, and organs compose organ systems. * composes of fiber. * comprise larger group minds, or organs. * connects bones - leaf veins - structures * containing adequate amounts of vitamin A appear less likely to become cancerous. * containing gas absorb more sound energy, i.e. adult lung - have the greatest swings in variables * cooperate and form organs. * deteriorate upon stress, and then they improve as the stress is relieved. * evolve with the fluid being absorbed over the first several hours after surgery. * expands to suck in air. * frequently involved are skin, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, heart, muscles and lungs. * further assemble to form organs, pathways and systems. * grows around each egg and supplies the eggs with oxygen throughout the pregnancy - into the scaffold and across the layers as the scaffold degrades * have approximately the same density as water - differential perfusion ability by different perfusing agents * interact inductively and trophically. * is located in purses - suitcases - paper * is part of organs * kallikreins belong to the group of trypsin-like serine proteases. * love oxygen. * move tremendous distances within the early embryo to generate the vertebrate body plan. * often require elasticity in addition to the high tensile strength provided by collagen. * perform a spectrum of essential functions. - separate functions - tasks * pull membranes into new but familiar shapes. * secretes hormone progesterone * stresses in organs of herbaceous plants. * studied include cartilage, bone, tendon, fascia, skin, spinal cord, liver, and pancreas. * surrounds airways - upper airways * swelling from allergy and infection can also plug the nose. * then die because of the lack of oxygen, and the dead tissue can become infected. * typically have more than one cell changing at the same time. * used for testing include liver, kidney, blood and stomach contents - in transplant include bone, skin, heart valves, corneas, veins, cartilage and tendons * work by stirs. * work together and form organs - as organs - to do the job of an organ + Tissue (biology): Biology * Tissues' form part of an organ. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to do a job in the body. They are a group of cells having the same origin, structure and function. The cells look the same or almost the same. The work the cells do is also the same or almost the same.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Abnormal tissue * absorbs and emits light very differently than normal tissue. * appear as dark spots on a PET scan. * is found only in the space inside the uterus. Animal tissue * Most animal tissue consists of layers - is built out of proteins * is disposed in a biohazard waste bag and autoclaved or incinerated Body tissue * All body tissues are in a constant state of change - susceptible to inadequate nourishment * Some body tissue is caused by leakage. * receive oxygen in very tiny vessels called capillaries. * require the use of oxygen to produce energy. * secretes substances.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Bone * All bone has a central marrow cavity - is removed by volumsegmentation * All bones are in their natural forms - formed via intramembranous ossification are flat bones - start as cartilages * Many bones are also hollow - formed from the cells of connective tissue called cartilage - fused or reduced in size - have ridges and protuberances which provide an area for muscle attachment * More bone can hold more nutrients. * Most bone is lost in the first three to six years after menopause - bones absorb minerals * Most bones are connected by cartilages - dirty from earth, blood and other things - begin as cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone - connect muscles * Most bones consist of layers * Most bones contain both types - calcium - red marrow - yellow marrow, which is made up of blood vessels, nerve cells, and fat cells - cover with skin - harden completely after they have stopped growing * Most bones have a central cavity filled with marrow - characteristics - different shapes - edges - physical characteristics - sharp edges - structures * Most bones make up of vertebrae - skulls * Most bones protect brains - provide protection * Most bones serve functions - similar functions * Most bones support large muscles - palms - take several weeks or months to heal * Some bones absorb radiation. * Some bones are covered by layers - incorporated into skulls * Some bones are located in horses - mammals * Some bones become digestion - fractures - organs - break more frequently than others * Some bones come from chimpanzees - porpoises - toilet pits and appear to have been chewed up before being swallowed - consist of vertebrae * Some bones cover dorsal surfaces - expose to air - facilitate ingestion - feature thick walls * Some bones fill cavities - narrow cavities * Some bones form inner layers - lower jaws - upper jaws - grow cartilages * Some bones have a chiefly protective function - jelly-like centre or marrow , where new blood cells are made - tendency to fracture easily because they are weak from disease or osteoporosis - air cavities - canals - flat spines - gravity - grooves - hollow interiors - marrow cavities - protective functions - small cavities - tunnels * Some bones make up jaws - vertebrates - meet and fuse before the baby is born - offer protection to softer more fragile parts of body - penetrate skin * Some bones protect blood vessels - heads - hearts - major blood vessels - other parts of the body - soft tissue * Some bones provide important nutrients * Some bones surround bones - ear canals - teeth - more light than muscle, so they show up better * absorbs the most and the air in the lungs and the intestines absorbs the least. * act as a reservoir for calcium - the levers, while joints perform as living fulcrums * actively grow and develop until early adulthood. * adds strength , reduces shrinkage and makes the body translucent. * also act as levers for our muscles to attach to for movement - allow for movement, because they provide a place for the attachment of skeletal muscles - block the rays - break more easily - can shatter into many pieces - contain evidence pertaining to nutrition, disease, and trauma - grow at their ends, close to the joint - have two other important functions, movement and collection of minerals - helps regulate blood calcium levels, serving as a calcium sink - needs vitamin D, to move calcium from the intestine to the bloodstream and into bone - protect the delicate internal organs of the body - provides structure through which muscles act to provide movement * also serve as a reservoir of calcium and many other important ions - shields to protect delicate internal organs * appears white, brain matter appears gray, and cerebral fluid appears black. * are a universal symbol of death - actually hollow on the inside - albums - alive, they are organs * are also a vital part of the body's physiology - part of the hormonal system - the sites of blood-cell formation - always in a state of change called remodeling - an all-natural gourmet health chew made with real potatoes - basically a composit of protein and minerals - better fit for weightlifting after puberty Eat foods with a lot of calcium - bound together and held in place by fibrous ligaments - brittle and break very easily - capable of breaks - companies - composed of only dead or dormant cells.b * are connected at places called joints - constantly changing, they heal after injury and are affected by diet and exercise - dangerous, especially soft bones such as fish * are discrete organs made up of bone tissue, plus a few other things - bonetissue, plus a few other things - dog treats - dynamic organs which store and release calcium continuously - dynamic, living tissues - encased by a periosteum, a connective tissue sheath * are flexible and ossification, hardening, progresses - during youth, eventually becoming rigid at maturity * are for dogs - shaking - good for dogs - hard, flesh is soft - held together in a number of ways * are in a weakened state and more susceptible to osteoporosis - constant state of change throughout life - largely a fibrous matrix of collagen fibres, impregnated with calcium phosphate * are located in animals - arms - cows - fresh fish - human bodies - humans - japans - museums - people - skeletons - tombs - long, flat, short or irregularly shaped, and some are thicker than others * are made mostly of sugars - up of special type of dry cells - major components of skeletal systems in nearly all vertebrate animals * are more dense in both men and women with moderate wine consumption - than just calcium and protein - non-rendering objects that are, compared with boxes, hard to see and select - now more a class, or state of objects, as any hierarchy of geometry can be used as bones - off-white in color, buffalo horn are black - one of the most dynamic tissues in the body - percussion instruments - permanent once formed, as are sex organs - preserved on a wide variety of archaeological sites - rigid, but they do bend when outside pressure is applied - sensitive to testosterone - similar to muscles in that they shrink from inactivity and benefit from exercise - soft and malformed due to the slower turnover of bone - softer in children and tend to buckle or bend rather than completely break - solid and act as ballast while diving - store and release calcium all the time - straight, sound and flat, and joints are strong and well defined - strong and metabolism is high - stronger because of exercise, lessening the possibility of osteoporosis - strongest when at their peak bone mass * are the hard parts that anchor the muscles - main means of learning about animals - primary component of most vertebrate skeletons - to produce movement when muscles contract - two pairs of flat sticks with curved ends * are used because bones are normally the only features preserved in the fossil record - for support - very hard and rigid - vulnerable because they are alive and subject to wear and tear - weakest when they are twisted * attach to bones by - each other by ligaments - muscle by tendons * become brittle due to the loss of the calcium - brittle, light, and easily broken - flexible and gradually are molded by forces such as bearing weight - flexible, muscles turn into jelly and the blood become almost etheric - lighter and more brittle * become more brittle and more likely to break as they become less dense - as calcium is withdrawn - porous and more susceptible to breaking - much harder after the growth spurt * become porous and brittle and can result in osteoporosis - riddled with cavities and prone to breaking, while joints wear out - so brittle that even a minor injury can break a wrist, hip, or spine - soft and weak, and typically the legs bow outwards due to the weight of the body - thicker and stronger in response to stress - thin and brittle - weak when the amount being broken down exceeds the amount being rebuilt * begin to thicken or change shape and joint spaces narrow, causing inflammation and pain. * begins to pulse and vibrate and actually expand under the influence of touch. * begins to replace cartilage and the brain and spinal cord are formed by now * better sound transmitter than muscle or fatty tissue and dampens sound transmission less. * break easier in tension than in compression - easily because they become porous and brittle - easily, often from little or no apparent cause * break when they become thin and weak - too thin and too weak * building occurs over a lifetime. * built at a young age helps maintain the skeletal structure in older age. * can absorb more energy when loaded rapidly than it can when loaded slowly - add bulk when fat is being burned as a fire - become brittle, many times resulting in debilitating fractures * can become soft and deformed - or deformed - cause intestinal impactions - get more strength when it is put under stress regularly - lengthen their lever arms or become thicker even after growth in length has ceased - lodge in the dog's throat or stomach and cause fatal punctures - lose their mass during long periods of inactivity - range in color from white to black, with everything in between - repair itself, and can bend - shield the meat around it from thorough cooking - shift, leading to damaged ligaments or pinched structures within the shoulder joint - withstand greater compression than wood * cause dogs many problems. * causes higher attenuation than does soft tissue. * change throughout our lifetime - with age * changes throughout a lifetime. * come in all shapes and sizes - many sizes and shapes * come together to form joints, most of which are in constant motion * comes in direct contact with other bone, causing pain and limiting movement in the joint - two types, spongy and cortical or tube-like * composite of proteins such as collagen and minerals such as calcium. * composting in windrows at a Texas site are very slow to decompose. * consist of tissue. * consists of a protein matrix impregnated by minerals and penetrated by blood vessels. * contain calcium too - most of the calcium ion in the human body * contains also the bone cells and blood vessels - both inorganic mineral and organic components - more and larger proteoglycans than does cartilage * continually degenerates and builds up. * continue to be used as tools - change as adults, to adapt to the stresses generated by physical activity - grow in thickness by the process of appositional growth * continues to accumulate to a peak bone density in the early thirties. * corresponds to that of forelegs. * cover and protect the organs inside the body * depend on calcium for strength, but the rest of the body needs calcium too. * deteriorate, and the incidence of heart disease and cancer rapidly increases. * develop abnormally, causing skeletal deformities of the chest and other areas - the spine and other areas * develops by one of two mechanisms depending on the underlying scaffold. * diminish in size and strength with disuse. * disrupt ultrasound signals and make the picture harder to interpret. * do heal and regenerate under favorable conditions. * dynamic living thing that is constantly breaking down and remodeling - material * dynamic tissue constantly remodeled throughout life - in constant change * dynamic tissue that changes continually throughout life - is remodeled throughout life - requires lifelong high-quality nutrition * elongate as ossification of cartilage cells occurs at the epiphyseal plates. * exhibits additional electrical properties which are of interest - an astounding ability to regenerate in response to a gradual distractive force * fail to calcify properly, become weak, to the extent that leg bones become bowed. * form the animal skeleton, which sup-ports the body and helps allow for movement. * fracture easily, most before puberty - more easily, causing acute pain * fragments a body can make. * generally replaces embryonic cartilage and is of two sorts - compact bone and spongy bone. * get thicker only when they are used - thin, they lose calcium and become weak * go through a constant state of bone loss and regrowth. * grafting can either be of the non-vascularized or vascularized types. * grafting is performed to improve the blood supply to the femoral head - used for many types of orthopedic procedures that require bone to heal * grow and incorporate calcium most rapidly then - rapidly during teen years - strengthen due to exercise and stress - at special areas called growth plates - by a process in which the cartilage plates at each end calcify, or harden into bone - during adolescence, reach a peak bone mass, and gradually dwindle - from the ends - longer over time but they also get thicker * grows around the anchor. * has a structure of hard and compact bones on the outside - calcium salts in the matrix, giving it greater strength - several reasons for existence in our bodies - tiny little channels where the blood vessels and nerves resided * have a thin, film-like covering called periosteum - wide range of uses within our body - advantage - follow characteristics - the characteristic of being slightly narrow in the center, and fat at the ends - thin cortices and the bone is osteopenic with a decreased trabecular pattern * heal much more rapidly than ligaments. * highly complex tissue. * holding forceps - Have a very solid bite. * hollow shell filled with the external coating of an animal. * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ground substances - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is active and living tissue that constantly is being remodeled in a three-stage process - actually an extremely active tissue * is alive and always repairing and renewing itself through a process called remodeling - alive, it grows, and it remodels - also critical in hemopoiesis - among the strongest and most resilient of naturally occurring biological materials * is an active living material which Is continually being remodeled - tissue made of a protein framework to which various minerals attach - tissue, which remodels and rebuilds continuously * is an example of a shared vertebrate character - epithelial tissue - at the left, the epithelium is at the right, and in between is the lamina propria - both a tissue and an organ, and the differentiation is made clear in the unit - complex, living tissue * is connective tissue - that becomes hard when minerals, primarily calcium, are deposited in it * is constructed in a similar manner - dependent on a constant supply of many nutrients - deposited in a negative ion field - dynamic tissue that is constantly being removed and replaced with new bone - eroded from the internal cortex nearly as quickly as it is deposited periosteally * is formed by osteoblasts - in a unique, highly complex balancing act - found only in vertebrates - ground up and mixed in, along with vitamins and chelated minerals - harder, denser, more porous, and more contained than other tissue in the body - highly vascular and bleeds profusely when broken - in a dynamic equilibrium, biologically and chemically, with blood - indeed a specialized form of connective tissue - just one of the common places to which breast cancer prefers to spread * is laid down around the central canal in concentric rings called lamellae - in thin concentric layers called lamellae - light and comes naturally equipped with a porous interior yet generally remains very strong - lost faster than it can be replaced, as part of the aging process * is made and broken constantly - out of calcium-sodium hydroxy apatite, a mineral that weathers easily * is made up of calcium and phosphorous crystals, imbedded in a matrix of protein fibers - calcium, hooked up with what is known as base, which helps neutralize acid - water, minerals, protein, and fat - primarily of potassium and calcium - moderate in proportion to size - more rigid than collagen, just as fiberglass is more rigid than epoxy glue * is one of the best sources of DNA from decomposed human remains - most vascular tissues in the body - piezo electric, which in Greek, means pressure produces an electric current - produced continually, throughout life, with a gradual decrease in later years - removed from the surface of trabeculae in spongy bone by the activity of osteoclasts - strong without coarseness, always in proportion to the overall size of the dog - stronger under compression than under tension - stronger, inch for inch, than the steel in skyscrapers * is strongest during compression - when loaded in compression, then tension, and least under shear stress - taken from the bones of the hip or skull, and placed in the area of the cleft in the gum * is the essential framework to which muscles are attached - material with which the orthopaedic surgeon deals * is the most common site of prostate cancer metastases - dense and absorbs the most X-rays, producing a white image on the film - rigid, non-elastic supporting tissue - significant development after skin - substance that forms the skeleton of the body - target organ for fluoride - to the right, and there are dense bundles of parallel collagen to the left - under a constant process of resorption and formation - used in many areas of the body to promote bone healing and grafting - very light, but also very strong * just happens to be a harder type of tissue. * keep on breaking down in minute amounts and are replaced constantly. * lining cells are essentially inactive osteoblasts. * live tissue, in a constant process of formation and degradation. * living changing tissue that responds to stimulation - organ comparable to the heart or kidneys - tissue and is constantly being renewed * living tissue that continually remodels itself during life - renews itself throughout life * living tissue that is constantly broken down and reformed - undergoing remodeling - responds to regular exercise by becoming stronger - throughout life is in a constant state of tearing down and building up - which reacts to increases in loads and forces by growing stronger - with a blood supply * living, breathing substance that is constantly changing - tissue that also has large amounts of minerals that provide strength * living, growing material - tissue made up of water, minerals, protein, and fat * living, growing tissue that constantly rebuilds - is constructed to carry out essential vital functions * look solid on X-ray, but are actually brittle. * lose one fifth of their density in the first five years of the menopause. * lose some of their minerals and become less dense - minerals, such as calcium * maintain a large reserve of calcium and phosphate ions. * manufacture blood cells and store important minerals. * marvelous innovation of the vertebrates. * matrix containing cells and cell-filaments. * meet at joints and muscles attach to the bones on either side of the joint. * modeling helps prevent fractures and insure against osteoporosis. * most affected by osteoporosis are in located in the spine, hips and wrists. * move into alignment with just a light touch, and it speeds up the healing process - segmentally in isolation only when instability exists * natural composite. * naturally adheres to the surface oxide of titanium without additional coatings. * now is tested to see whether it's human and how old. * passes through a series of colours in accord with temperature. * physiological material that is changing. * plays an important role as a structure that supports the body and stores calcium - in curing birth and other defects and for back and dental surgery * progressively lose calcium. - vital organs such as brain and lungs * protection against ene- mies. * protects eye socket, have petrosally-derived auditory bulla, key derived trait for primates. * provide a framework for muscles to move - system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement - an outer shell to protect our internal organs * provide points of attachment for skeletal muscles, thus allowing for body movement - muscles, thusallowing for body movement - structure, support, and protection for most of the soft tissues of the body - support and protection for body organs * provides shape and support for the body, as well as protection for some organs. * regenerate faster in children than they do in adults. * regenerates into the macroscopic, interconnected porosity of the implant. * remain the same size, but the compact bone becomes thinner and the spongy bone more porous. * remarkable, multifunctional organ. * remodels constantly during life and the Haversian system is evidence of bone remodeling - itself to remove worn cells and to maintain the proper amount of calcium in the blood * require calcium to maintain their strength - weight-bearing exercise for normal mineral uptake * requires a wide variety of nutrients to develop normally and to maintain itself after growth. * reservoir for calcium and phosphorus and protects the body s vital organs. * respond to lack of exercise by getting weaker, as muscles do - mechanical stress by becoming denser and stronger * respond to stress by growing thicker - making more bone * respond to the force of muscles at work - pressure of muscles and gravity by renewing and repairing themselves - weight-bearing activities by depositing more calcium and becoming stronger * responds to stress by producing more cells and laying down even more bone. * rub against each other causing pain and stiffness. * rubbing against bone is painful. * rubs against bone, causing osteoarthritis. * sampling is done in special cases to measure a long-term exposure to fluorides. * savings account. * say nothing about the fleshy parts of the nose, lips, or ears. * scan A picture of the bones using a radioactive dye that shows any injury, disease, or healing. * scare off possums, skunks, and racoons. * serve as a source of calcium for the entire body - storage area for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus - levers and joints serve as fulcrums - storehouses for minerals and fats * serves as a vast reservoir of calcium - the primary mechanical support for the body * show the same pitting that signals decompression sickness in humans. * specialized type of dense connective tissue. * spurs bony outgrowths on vertebrae can cause pain and stiffness. * spurs form around the joint as part of the degenerative process - at the edges of the bones changing the shape and contributing to stiffness - forming on the vertebra can be a normal bodily adaptation - often form and inflame surrounds tissues * start to develop before birth and continue to grow fast during childhood and teenage years. * starts to replace cartilage. * still fills most of the area where the roots meet. * structure that is unique to verts. * substance unique to vertebrates. * support all parts of the body and protect the brain and organs of the chest - and help move the body * swell up with dampness and the cold. * tend to lose calcium when they stop doing work. * thinning or osteoporosis condition that can be fatal for the elderly. * tough tissue that contains a protein called collagen. * turn to stone when mineral-rich water soaks into their pores. * type of connective tissue. * unique material - mechanosensitive tissue in which mechanical loading results in bone adaptation * usually get stronger or maintain their strength with the proper diet and exercise. * very ancient character in vertebrates - dynamic tissue, constantly being restructured as older osteons are replaced by new - dynamic, living, tissue * weaken and break easily * work in conjunction with the muscular system to aid in posture and locomotion - with ligaments, tendons, and joints to provide movement of the skeleton * work with muscles to move, protect, and support sensitive internal organs - perform movement + Calcium, Occurrence, Calcium storage: Alkaline earth metals * Bones contain most of the calcium ion in the human body. If we need more calcium for our blood, muscles, or other tissue, it comes from the bones. If we have extra calcium it goes into bones.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Bone tissue * Some bone tissue retains chemical components * acts as a depository for calcium, phosphorus, and other ions. * contains a. calcium carbonates. - costly to produce - ground to make the necessary ingredients for some of the world's finest china - obtained from a bone biopsy and examined under a microscope - permeated with blood vessels, lymph channels and nerve branches - processed into frozen, freeze-dried, or demineralized products - rendered acellular by freezing and processing, thus reducing immunogenicity * rigid, living structure that is constantly renewing itself.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone: Astragalus * Chinese tonic herb, known as huang qi. * also benefits the immune system - have positive effects on heart function * appears to restore T-cell counts to relatively normal ranges in some cancer patients. * are plants. * begins to build up the immune system to provide support on a long-term basis. * boosts the immune system. * can potentially help boost the immune system. * consists of flavonoids, polysaccharides, glycosides, amino acids , and trace minerals. * contains immune enhancing polysaccharide. * enhances T cell function - immune function and are good for cold and flu symptoms * general immune booster, very mild and easy to use. * good source of the essential trace mineral selenium. * has an immune stimulating effect. * has no known harmful side-effects - side effects when used as recommended * helps bone marrow and lymphatic tissue form immune cells. * helps to restore a normal immune function - revive strength and normalize vitality * increases energy safely and improves nutrient absorption. * is also popularly used for the prevention and treatment of colds and flus. * is an herb native to northern China - that is part of the legume family - immune system stimulant * is considered a warming herb in Chinese medicine suitable only for cold conditions - an immune stimulation herb - known for preventing and treating colds and other respiratory related conditions - sometimes available in a dried, shredded form - taken in China by cancer patients to boost immunity after drug or radiation treatment - the herb of choice for deep immune building during non-acute phases - used to prevent colds and flu and to restore immune strength once an illness is over - useful in strengthening the immune system * large genus in the pea family, some species of which are toxic to live stock. * major stamina builder among athletes. * prefers sun and a deep, sandy, well-drained, somewhat alkaline soil. * promotes generation and maturation of various kinds of cells including blood cells. * provides immune support on a long-term basis - what is known as deep immune support * reduces autoimmune response such as that caused by rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. * serves to enhance non-specific immune resistance. * shows support for peripheral vascular diseases and peripheral circulation. * stimulates the immune system, increases energy and promotes tissue regeneration - virtually every phase of immune system activity * strenghtens the immune system. * toquimanus sensitive species, and is currently a priority for field surveys. * wonderful herb for treating many immune system problems, including allergies. Breast bone * Most breast bones connect muscles. * is level with the point of the shoulder. * support muscles.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone: Broken bone * are a common childhood injury - emergencies if a femur, rib, pelvis, cranium or vertebrae breaks - found with x-rays, which are also a product of physics - injuries - the most common problem for people with osteoporosis - usually a job for a vet * can also be very painful - cause infections in birds, so proper treatment is essential * cause a desire to knits. * have several characteristics. * require splinting, casting, or surgery to stabilize the bones. * seem to have been a common occurrence in the life of an allosaur. * take longer to heal. Cancellous bone * contains water as well. * has five times the available surface area compared with compact, or cortical bone. * looks like a sponge and protects the bone marrow. * resembles latticework and is spongy.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone: Cannon bone * Some cannon bones are part of anoas - antelopes - aoudads - argalis - asses - babirusas - bantengs - bighorns - bison - blackbucks - boars - brockets - buffalo - bullocks - camels - carabaos - caribou - cattle - chevrotains - cows - deer - elands - elk - fawns - gaurs - gazelles - gemsboks - gerenuks - giraffes - gnus - goats - gorals - guanacos - hartebeests - hippopotamuses - hogs - horses - ibexs - impalas - kiangs - kobs - kudus - lechwes - llamas - markhors - moose - mules - muntjacs - nilgais - nyalas - okapis - oryxes - oxes - peccaries - pigs - ponies - porkers - pronghorns - reindeer - rhinoceroses - saigas - sambars - sassabies - sheep - sikas - springboks - steenboks - studs - takins - tapirs - ungulates - waterbucks - wildebeests - yaks - zebras * are short. Collar bone * Put strong pressure on the collar bones. * are very much reduced, and there are one incisor , one premolar and three molars. Cooked bone * are brittle and can splinter and cause problems - prone to splintering - dangerous and can be deadly - much more prone to splintering * can splinter and cause terrible damage to a dog. Cortical bone * is dense and compact. * is the hard outer shell of bones and the middle of long bones - major component of tubular bone - very dense and solid Cranium * Some craniums are part of heads - skulls * are board games - part of skulls * brain box. * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ground substances - hip sockets - marrow - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is the scientific name of the skull. Dense bone * Some dense bones absorb radiation. * are resistant to fractures. Dermal bone * Most dermal bones begin ossification before most endochondral bones - have characteristics * are plate like, but can become thicker or grow at the edges. * forms directly in the skin from mesenchyme. Dinosaur bone * Some dinosaur bones become digestion. * are a rare and non-renewable resource - everywhere - located in museums - most likely to be found in clastic sediments * look a good deal like the bones of modern reptiles and mammals. Dry bone * can swell and crack. * come to life. * exhibits some piezoelectric properties. Ear bone * Some ear bones are incorporated into skulls. * are attached to the jaw. Fish bone * are dangerous for people and are certainly dangerous for dogs. * can puncture sneakers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone: Fishbone * Some fishbones are part of anglerfish - argentines - belugas - bluefishes - carps - cods - coelacanths - coneys - congers - flounder - frogfishs - gars - gobies - goldfishes - guppies - hammerheads - hinds - largemouths - lungfishes - mollies - mosquitofishs - mullets - perches - plaices - remoras - salmon - sharks - smallmouths - snooks - sticklebacks - stingrays - stonefishs - triggerfish * are bands - part of fish * can lose weight. - cytoplasm - ground substances Flat bone * are broad flat plates of spongy tissue sandwiched between two layers of compact tissue - thin and flat and often curved * is cut of beef * provide broad surfaces to protect other structures and for anchoring muscles - protection to internal organs and they provide large areas for muscle attachment Frontal bone * Form the top, front part of the braincase. * are bones - part of craniums Gladiolus * All gladiolus have sword-shaped foliage that remains green until frost. - easy and reliable flowers for cutting - plants - spectacular cut flowers * come with many new colors, larger flowers. * do best in soil that's rich in organic material and drains well. * make corms. * produces leaves with parallel veins and floral parts in multiples of three. Healthy bone * are dependent on an intricate interplay of many nutritional and hormonal factors - dynamic - important for all women, but hold special significance for the young athlete * is maintained thru a balance of adequate calcium intake and hormonal activity. Hollow bone * Some hollow bones feature thick walls. * allow the birds to fly efficiently by weighing less. * are strong and light. * make the organism lighter, and therefore, it helps with flight. * reduce drag and the natural curve of the wings creates significant lift.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone: Jaw * Most jaws are behind chew jaws - made of bones - carry teeth - consist of teeth * Most jaws contain canine teeth - incisors - irregular teeth - sharp teeth * Most jaws have bones - forces - immense power - large canine teeth - molars - powerful muscles - pressure - help food * Most jaws penetrate human skin * Some jaws adapt for hard nuts - are located in sharks * Some jaws are part of heads - skulls * Some jaws crush bones * Some jaws have breaks - layers - plates - spikes * Some jaws move from sides - primates - push food * aid in consumption - food consumption * appear within the vertebrates. * are a modification of one or more gill arches - an obvious distinguishing feature, but there host of others, including paired limbs * are strong enough to carry a size able bird, and softness in mouth is essential - sizeable bird, and softness in mouth is essential * are thought to derive from the pharyngeal arches that support the gills in fish - have evolved from the a. second and third vertebrae - useful for biting and feeding * consist of bones * containing poison glands are located on the first body segment immediately behind the head. * expand by eccentric action and are reversible. * feature hinges. - many teeth * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - gum ridges - marrow - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - tooth sockets - vacuoles * make ears make room for a big brain. * serve purposes. * tell the story of reptile to mammal transition. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| jaw: Fossil jaw * Most fossil jaws contain teeth. * tells tale of whale evolution. Lower jaw * Most lower jaws consist of bones - contain incisors * Most lower jaws have incisors - muscles * Some lower jaws have plates. * are jaws. - powerful muscles * is made of a single bone.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone \| jaw: Mandible * Most mandibles consist of bones - crush food * Some mandibles deliver digestive fluid - have functions - penetrate skin * are an insect's teeth - blue - modified appendages right at the mouth that crunch up food - on either side of the insect's mouth - part of jaws - used to crush food * bite at flailing arms and legs. * crush and form wax for comb-building * have slits - tips * help the beetle eat by crushing and cutting food. - corpi - ground substances - gum ridges - lobes - mast cells + Beetle, Beetle bodies, The mouth: * The mouth of a beetle is very different from the mouth of a person. Most beetles have two hard mandibles at the front of their mouth which are a bit like teeth. Mandibles help the beetle eat by crushing and cutting food. In some beetles, the mandibles look like big pincers. These fingers are called palpi. Powerful jaw * Most powerful jaws consist of teeth - have teeth * Some powerful jaws crush bones. * aid in consumption - food consumption * allow the koala to chew the leaves into a very fine paste. * are able to crush bones with ease. * crush mollusks, crabs and encrusting animals. * serve purposes. Strong jaw * Some strong jaws crush bones. * help the gorilla chew tough stems. Upper jaw * Most upper jaws contain teeth. * Most upper jaws have forces - help food * are jaws. Lacrimal bone * are bones. * is present. Leg bone * Most leg bones are part of endoskeletons. - similar in construction to arm bones, but are heavier and stronger * can become deformed, which can lead to mobility problems. * long bone<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone: Long bone * Some long bones grow cartilages. * are bones - characteristically short and wide - characterized by a shaft, the diaphysis , that is much greater in length than width - generally larger in males than in females within a given population * are longer than they are wide and work as levers * arise primarily through endo chondral ossification. * connect to each other at joints, which allow limb flexion. * contain living blood, fat, and bone cells. * form the internal core of the legs. * function chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion and prehension. * grow from special growth plates near their ends - in two main segments Metacarpal - long bones * branch off postaxially. * make up the palm of the hand, with their heads forming the knuckles. * move anteriorly, posteriorly, medially and laterally. New bone * are made when calcium combines with phosphate and hydroxide. * can grow in the areas where the bone s lining has been torn away. * is deposited on the remnants of the mineralized cartilage matrix in the ossification zone. * is formed at the epiphyses in response to growth hormone - by the osteocytes - in the gap that is formed * produced beneath the periosteum is the involucrum. Normal bone * goes through a continual growth and destruction. * has two layers. * is dense, somewhat like a new sponge or honeycomb - destroyed and replaced by poorly mineralized osteoid matrix * renews itself by removing old bone and replacing it with new bone. Older bone * are often less dense, more brittle and break more easily. * have more fluorine and uranium and less nitrogen. * take longer to heal and are typically thinner and weaker than younger bones. Ossicle * Think of the three bones as a lever system with three components. * conduct sound from the eardrum to the cochlea. * following the radials are brachials. * form a continuous fused armor in the form of plates. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| ossicle: Dermal ossicle * are fused into a hard, internal test. * form a continuously articulated armor, especially along the arms. Pagetic bone * can affect other parts of the body, causing added problems. * is susceptible to fracture with moderate stress.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone: Pastern - flexible and strong, moderately short, and slightly sloping - long, lean and flexible, following the vertical line of the forearm - slightly finer in bone but strong, short, and slightly sloping * are strong, flexible and slightly sloping - short, slightly sloping, and with a slight spring - springy and almost perpendicular to the ground * have clean outlines to the ground. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| patella: Patellar luxation * dislocation of the knee cap most often seen in small dogs. * is genetically transmissible. * occurs when the patella slips out of the groove and over the ridge of bone. * ranges from a minor annoyance that causes little pain to a cripping defect. Pelvic bone * are sclerotic but with normal contours. * pain on sitting. Phalanx * Phalanges Compose the skeletal structure of the three digits or fingers that persist in the bird. * Phalanges are classified as long bones - few and digits are reduced to one to three - the finger bones - make up the fingers * are bones - crowds - military units - painters - part of digits Sesamoid bone * are bones embedded in tendons. * develop in tendons. Shinbone * Some shinbones are part of bodies - legs * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ground substances - marrow - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * leg bone Short bone * are cube-shaped and are found in the wrist and ankle of the limbs - short, cube-shaped, and found in the wrists and ankles - strong, irregular cubes, made of spongy bone covered with compact tissue * have a thin compact bone outer layer, and are filled with spongy bone.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone: Skull * Most skulls are supported by muscles - neck muscles - necks * Most skulls are supported by powerful muscles - come from older people who have lost some or all * Most skulls contain eyes - teeth * Most skulls have brains - chins - distinct features - foreheads - holes - look like skulls * Some skulls come from monkeys - consist of layers * Some skulls have arches - bony arches - canals - ears - faces - feathers - prominent ridges - look like crocodiles * Some skulls protect organs - sense organs - show the marks of up to six bullets * also have great symbolic value. * are part of heads - skeletons - the most common gorgon fossil discovery * cover with tissue. * have a venerable history in art in virtually every culture - craniums - eye sockets - gum ridges - jaws - vacuoles * protect brains. * show similarity. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| skull: Human skull * Some human skulls consist of layers - have ears * are as common as palm trees in Cambodia - body parts - human bones - the most common image, but others include polar bears and seals Small bone * are more likely to break. * can be life-threatening. Strong bone * are essential if a horse is to perform successfully and still remain sound. * depend on many things. * help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which bones become fragile and break easily. * mean a greater lifetime exposure to estrogen. * require lots of calcium - the action of two cells in the body Tail bone * Some tail bones are part of backbones - notochords - pelves - spines * are vertebras. Talus * comprises rocks from head size to almost sofa size. * fracture due to a twisting injury, fall, or high-energy impact. * is the slope built by accumulation of fallen rock. Thin bone * Some thin bones surround bones. * can break easily. * fracture easily. * increase the risk of fracture. Tiny bone * Some tiny bones are incorporated into skulls. * receive the vibrations from the eardrum and pass the vibrations to the cochlea.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone: Tooth * All teeth are bones - open rooted and grow continuously - develop from cellular buds inside the jaws - have the same general structure and consist of three layers - typically have three layers * Every tooth has a protective layer surrounding the root, which is called the periodontal ligament - separate acupuncture meridian running though major organs in the body - is related to a specific organ or body system - needs special care to keep it clean and healthy * Many teeth fixed with root canal therapy can last a lifetime. * Most teeth are located in carnivores - break down food - come out of mouths * Most teeth consist of incisors - lower incisors - third incisors - contain nerves - crush food - divide into incisors * Most teeth have ability - cavities - crescents - deep grooves - edges - enamel - flat surfaces - hard enamel - pulp cavities - ridges - roots - same shapes - sides * Most teeth have smooth cut edges - strong roots - structures - texture - tubular cavities - unique shapes * Most teeth help apes - coyotes - diets - inflict serious wounds * Most teeth look like enamel - fangs * Most teeth perform different functions * Most teeth serve functions - same functions - surround tongues * Most teeth use for chew food - whitening products and treatments rely on the bleaching agent hydrogen peroxide * Some teeth adapt for eat fruit - flesh - slice flesh - tear flesh * Some teeth are behind teeth - for biting * Some teeth are located in cats - reptiles - sharks - more yellow, and some teeth yellow with aging * Some teeth are replaced by permanent teeth - break down meat - can be very small, at unusual angles, or even missing * Some teeth cause heart problems - injuries - serious injuries - come in contact * Some teeth consist of layers - contain poison - crush sea urchin shells - evolve over time * Some teeth form continuous surfaces - cut surfaces - grind surfaces - large surfaces - small tusks * Some teeth grow throughout lifetimes * Some teeth have better mechanical properties - blades - cones - more than one channel and some have channels going sideways - patterns - slice blades * Some teeth help animals - cougars - look like marrow - occur in amphibians - provide protection * Some teeth replace milk teeth * Teeth Dry food is recommended over soft food, it helps keep the teeth clean - actually begin to form in the second trimester of pregnancy - affected by fluorosis seem to continue to be resistant to dental caries * Teeth also give shape to the face and aid in the process of speaking clearly - migrate into spaces when opposing teeth are missing * Teeth also play a key role in the digestive system - an important role in the elk's eating habits - show increased wear on their biting surfaces * Teeth appear lighter because fewer X-rays penetrate to reach the film - to play no role in feeding * Teeth are a dime a dozen in the human fossil record, but precious few skeletons have been found - form of bone, and strong bones require adequate dietary calcium - natural color - absent throughout life - adapted for grasping and tearing rather than chewing - alive - all different shapes, sizes and shades * Teeth are also calcified tissues - epidermal out- individual - essential for chewing food, and they play a major role in speech production - important facets of personal appearance - an example of a mesoscopically organized material * Teeth are an important aspect of our self-image - feature of our attractiveness and presentation to others - another important way of increasing the surface area for bearing spores - composed of strong material and strong atomic bonds - crowded, overlapped or have insufficient room to grow in - especially important because they can tell scientists a lot about what an animal ate - exactly the same way - expensive to grow so no animal wants more than it needs - extremely sensitive * Teeth are for biting - eating food - seizing prey, which is chunked by shaking - grouped as incisors, canines, premolars and molars - harder than bone and therefore fossilize more readily than bones - highly independent in their development * Teeth are important for aesthetic reasons and for supporting facial structures - speaking, eating and smiling - studying mammal evolution because they are the most common mammal fossil - in harvesting and chewing feed - to students of mammals in a number of contexts - when introducing table foods - induction hardened for a uniform, consistent surface hardness - intact without evidence of oral injury - intermediate between typical human and typical ape forms - irregular, protruding, or broken, set in receding gums * Teeth are large, sharp and evenly spread throughout the mouth with slight gaps between - well developed, set tightly to one another - like water - living tissue and unfortunately, like the rest of our bodies, nothing ever stays the same - on the pharyngeal bone of the jaw - modified placoid scales - modified, enlarged placoid scales * Teeth are more jagged than most bears, suiting a carnivore - susceptible to cavities while sleeping due to reduced salivary flow - named by their set, arch, class, type, and side - nature's sign that it's time to move on to other foods, from a nutritional standpoint - necessary for appearance, for proper speech, and to properly chew food - occassionally part of the squamous components of an ovarian teratoma - of different types * Teeth are often small and can tumble downstream in a current much like any stone or pebble - species or genus specific, so sharks are often identified by tooth structure - well-preserved on archaeological sites * Teeth are one of the features that distinguish tuatara from lizards, which they otherwise resemble - most informative parts of a skeleton - pointed in captive walruses that are fed fish - present in the bird embryo - reduced in number - rooted in separate sockets in the gums - sensitive if they often hurt when they are exposed to cold or to air - set in sockets, but are known only in a few, small individuals - similar to mako sharks but smaller with bilateral cusps - strong and canine-like - stronger then the stresses that develop as a result of biting - the hardest part of any mammal and therefore they are the part most often fossilised * Teeth are the hardest, densest part of the body, and among the most likely to be fossilized - most durable part of the mammal skeleton * Teeth are the most common fossils found - durable part of the human body from which positive identifications are possible - windows to the soul - their main weapons, and a bite can cause serious injury - used for catching of the prey * Teeth become brittle after root canals are completed - as they dehydrate - brownish-pink due to their porphyrin content - darker with age andexposure to substances such as coffee, tea,and tobacco - begin coming in a few days after the eyes open * Teeth begin to come in, or erupt, around age six months - emerge shortly before two weeks of age and continue until the fifth week * Teeth break down food - the food into smaller particles * Teeth can be sensitive to heat, cold, sweetness and pressure - become unsightly and can make one appear older than they really are - develop fractures for a number of reasons - even lead to the identification of shark species like the requiem shark - eventually become loose and fall out - fall out earlier or later - grab, hold, tear, crush, and macerate food - identify disease - loosen in their sockets, opening up the possibility of infection - often become cracked or chipped from the barbell moving in the mouth - shine as many as ten shades brighter - show the relative age of an individual as they develop - solve a crime - titillate - vary in their permanence, their attachment, and their structural differentiation - care The emphasis in teeth care is in the prevention of caries - chattering sign of aggression - clenching default mechanism of the brain - consist mostly of calcium phosphate * Teeth develop abnormally and many teeth are missing - from two embryonic tissues - display variable shapes for different functions - do more in our mouths than just chew food - enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp * Teeth erupt as simple conical structures and over time wear into caniniform and molariform teeth - at different times in all individuals - full size and are ideal for study throughout life - fall off inside the night * Teeth fossilize even better than bone, because the enamel is harder than bone - through a process called permineralization - frequently move following an injury to the jaw - function like bones - grind food - grinding and chattering are common when woodchucks are cornered * Teeth grow right in place of the other ones when they are lost - throughout lifetime and have a cupped grinding surface * Teeth have a distinct crown and pedicel - root system which serves to anchor the tooth in the jawbone - chips at tip * Teeth have different shapes because they have different functions - for different jobs - extend cavities - the same composition as bone - to be very hard to withstand all the chewing and crunching of food - two basic parts, a root to anchor the tooth to the jaw and a crown above the gum line * Teeth have unique characteristics * Teeth help aid the digestive system in breaking down food - biologists identify an animal's approximate age * Teeth includes bone cells - cell membranes - mast cells - plasma membranes - tooth roots * Teeth inflict serious wounds - line the upper and lower jaws and are used for tearing and shredding food - make up most mammal fossil remains - naturally demineralize and remineralize - normally emerge at certain ages - occur in some species in the form of cuticle extensions * Teeth provide a hard surface on which biofilms can attach themselves - an excellent way of tracing animals' development - record a history of what an animal eats and drinks - rot and diabetes are aggravated by sugar consumption - tell the story of their omnivorous food habits * Teeth tend to appear in pairs, generally one after the other and the lower pairs first - change shades, usually yellow, with age - to grasp prey - too are bones * Teeth usually appear in a certain order - stop growing after puberty * Teeth vary in shape depending on what the animal eats - with diets * Teeth wear because of the grinding action of chewing - differently depending on diet, for example - whitening is one of today's fastest-growing cosmetic procedures * are located in dentists - means * are part of combs - gear - saws - projections - solid objects * are used for cavities - crushings - filling - grippings - killing - piercings - sawings - splittings - strainings - tearings - trophies * brushing removes plaque and thereby constitutes a preventive measure against gingivitis - a preventive measure against periodontitis + Honey Badger, Physical description: Mustelids :: Mammals of Africa :: Mammals of Pakistan :: Fauna of Asia * A honey badger's teeth can be very different. Some teeth can be very small, at unusual angles, or even missing. Honey badgers of the subspecies 'signata' have a second lowar molar on the left side of their jaw, but not the right. Although it mostly chews soft food, the honey badger's cheek teeth are often very worn. The canine teeth are very short for carnivores. The tongue has sharp, backward-pointing papillae which help it in processing tough foods. + Kenyanthropus platyops: Australopithecines * The fossil 3.5 to 3.2 million year old. It has a broad flat face with a toe bone that suggests it probably walked upright. Teeth are intermediate between typical human and typical ape forms. + Shonisaurus, Fossils, British Columbia specimen: Ichthyosaurs :: Reptiles of North America	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Baby tooth * Baby teeth are susceptible to decay as soon as they appear in the infant's mouth. * Baby teeth can greatly affect the look and health of permanent teeth - push permanent teeth out of line - quickly decay due to baby bottle syndrome - fall out to make room for the permanent teeth * Baby teeth help a child eat and speak properly - keep space open in the mouth so adult teeth aren t crowded * Some baby teeth are part of children - kids - nippers - orphans - toddlers - tots * are tooths.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Canine * All canines belong to one species and share a common genome - live with their handlers and stay at the handlers' homes when off duty * Most canines thrive when given basic obedience training. * are absent in the permanent dentition but present in the deciduous dentition - absent, and a large diastema is present - animals - carnivores - difficult to extract because of their long wide roots - enlarged in carnivores and are used to catch prey - large and long - large, as are molars - mammals - naturally extremely social animals who thrive on company - placental mammals - powerful, well set and well apart - quadrupeds - steady and enduring workers who enjoy detail and schedules - terrestrial organisms - the type of teeth, which help to hold and tear the food - used for cutting and tearing of food - well-developed * are, for the most part, single functional teeth encompassing a broad, cone-like morphology - on the average, far more physiologically viable circulatory specimens than man * can model behavior. * cone transducin-gamma gene and cone degeneration in the cd dog. * coughing treatment offers hope for cats. * darker mesially and more translucent laterally. * differ in size between males and females. * distemper in free-ranging carnivores from Germany - is of no public health significance to humans - virus more commonly causes disease in dogs and other species of land carnivore * erupt within the first month. * even forecast earthquakes. * gradually grind it away, rather than breaking off chunks. * have a definite instinct to hide out in dens - record of heroism approaching that of humans - one cusp - the ability to detect and discriminate scents at low levels - twenty-six blood types - very long roots * help chevrotains to dig out and crush an egg. * often fail to see the positive side of life - fear, and exhibit stress responses to, loud noises * osteosarcoma is the most common skeletal neoplasm of pet dogs. * parainfluenza virus-induced encephalitis in ferrets. * perceive the sideways stance as less threatening in general. * produce no harmful methane or effluent. * rabies is prevalent in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. * understand the concept of freedom, food, social contact and reproduction. * use body language as a primary means of communication besides smell.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Canine tooth * Canine teeth are a good example of one form serving different functions - as a rule present only in the male sex in both jaws, and are small and conical - canine in name only - for killing - large but unspecialized - necessary to maintain tongue position, which is particularly important in dogs - sharp and pointed - typically absent or greatly reduced throughout the Proboscides - very large and cheek teeth are more jagged - grasp prey and tear tough hides - protrude from mouth in the terminal phase of both female and male sheepshead * Some canine teeth contain poison. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth \| canine: Upper canine * are long and well-developed, and the molars have three or four cusps. * grow through the upper lip and curve toward the eyes. Wild canine * form packs specifically for the purpose of hunting large prey. * live in packs and hunt as groups.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Cheek tooth * All cheek teeth lack cement and are lowcrowned with transverse ridges and cusps. * Cheek teeth appear during the first month of life - are bunodont in some forms, but more commonly selenodont * Cheek teeth have high crowns for grinding - shapes - occur in all families * Most cheek teeth have roots * Some cheek teeth have patterns. Cracked tooth * Cracked teeth are hard to pin point - can be very painful - exhibit a variety of symptoms * Most cracked teeth continue to function for years after treatment. Deciduous tooth * Deciduous teeth are soft and can develop sharp edges quickly - begin to be replaced from three weeks until approximately four months of age * Deciduous teeth consist of incisors - lower incisors - third incisors - start to form during the embryo phase of pregnancy * Most deciduous teeth are replaced with permanent teeth. * Most deciduous teeth consist of incisors ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth \| denticle: Dermal denticle * are the scales on the shark's skin. * protect the skin from damage and are replaced continually.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Fang * Most fangs contain poison - fill with venom * Some fangs deliver poison. * Some fangs have glands - venom glands * Some fangs inject deadly venom * Some fangs penetrate human skin - lungs * are canines - extremities - how they defend themselves, just as dogs have teeth - humans - tooths * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - enamel - ground substances - marrow - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - pulp cavities - root canals - sections - tooth roots - vacuoles * release venom. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth \| fang: Venomous fang * Some venomous fangs deliver poison. * have half an inch in length. Front tooth * Front teeth are permanent - pointed for grasping and back teeth are flat and molar-like for crushing * are tooths. Hammerhead shark tooth * Hammerhead shark teeth have cut edges * Hammerhead shark teeth have smooth cut edges Healthy tooth * Healthy teeth affect nearly every aspect of our lives - even our overall health. * Healthy teeth are a shade of white, shiny, and strong - an endangered species - white and secure in firm, pink gums - can last a lifetime - have less cavities - stimulate and keep bone tissue healthy and vice versa Human tooth * Human teeth are almost as hard as rocks - brachydont - shaped to chew both meat and plants - correspond almost identically to the chimpanzees and other frugivores * Human teeth have a blood and nerve supply which enables proprioception - two basic shapes to chew both kinds of food * Some human teeth have better mechanical properties<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Incisor * Most incisors have anterior surfaces * Some incisors adapt for grass - short grass * Some incisors have layers * are adapted for nipping off flesh - at line - compressed and deeply grooved - divided further into central and lateral incisors - kept sharp by gnawing and bruxing , also called thegosis - shallowly grooved - sharp and btade-tike for cutting food - specialized for gnawing * are the frontmost teeth in mammals - smaller teeth located between the canines on the upper and lower jaws - squarish, sharp-edged teeth at the front and middle of the mouth - usually simple teeth, though the crown is sometimes lobed - white * close tightly in a scissor bite. * do form in the embryos, but quickly degenerate and are usually absent by birth. * grow from the premaxilla, but other upper teeth grow from the maxilla. - hard enamel on the front and soft dentin on the back * includes bone cells - corpi - plasma membranes * wear at a relatively consistent rate throughout life. + Togo Mouse, Description and natural history: Rodents	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Incisor tooth * Incisor teeth are the teeth at the front of the mouth - have sides * Most incisor teeth have sides. * Some incisor teeth form small tusks. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth \| incisor: Rodent incisor * Some rodent incisors have roots. * are rootless , growing continuously. Upper incisor * Some upper incisors have roots. * are absent in Ruminants. * close just inside lower, i.e. reverse scissor bite. * grow from the premaxilla, but other upper teeth grow from the maxilla. Milk tooth * Milk teeth appear after two weeks. * Milk teeth are small and unspecialized, but permanent teeth are adapted for the animal's diet - very important as they maintain the space of the permanent teeth - stay in a child up to the age of seven to eight years * Some milk teeth are part of children - kids - nippers - orphans - toddlers - tots * are tooths.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Molar * Most molars crush food. * Most molars have ridges - rough surfaces * Some molars have crests - sharp crests - shear crests * Some molars retain basic patterns * also have broad crowns withrounded cusps but are larger than premolars. * are absent in milk teeth - behind premolars - big and blunt and therefore slow to push through - found towards the back of the mouth - further back and are relatively flat - located in mouths - of the crushing type - rooted and semi- hypsodont * are the largest teeth found in the mouth and are located behind the premolars - most posterior teeth in the mouth - rearmost teeth in the mouth, used for grinding food prior to swallowing it - tooths - tritubercular with well developed talonids * contain many pits and grooves. * first appear as permanent teeth. * grind food. * have a flat surface used for grinding - at least two roots - grind surfaces * help to grind the rough food before swallowing. * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - enamel - ground substances - marrow - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - pulp cavities - root canals - sections - tooth roots - vacuoles * line both the upper and lower jaw, but incisors occur only on the lower jaw. * normally have three to five cusps and two or three roots. * perform functions. Molar tooth * Molar teeth are heavy and adapted for their role in crushing bone * Most molar teeth grind food - have ridges New tooth * New teeth erupt at the back of the jaw and work forward. * New teeth grow in at the back of the mouth as old ones disintegrate in the front of the jaw - the back of the mouth and move forward to replace old worn sets - to replace lost ones Premolar * are found distal to canines and mesial to molars - low wide teeth that are located behind the canines * are the back teeth or cheek teeth closer to the front of the mouth than the molars - teeth with points, just behind the canine - tooths * have a broad crown with rounded cusps but have only one root - more flat chewing surface because they're meant for crushing food - one, two, and sometimes three canals Primary tooth * Primary teeth are also very important for the child's self-esteem - at risk for decay soon after they erupt - necessary for chewing, speaking and appearance to boost a child's self-esteem * Primary teeth hold the space for permanent teeth - in the jaw for the permanent teeth - play a major role in a child s physical and psychological development - provide cosmetics, phonetics, mechanical digestion and bone growth Rotten tooth * Rotten teeth are the most common health problem - can cause heart problems * Some rotten teeth cause heart problems.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Sharp tooth * Most sharp teeth help diets. * Sharp teeth are necessary for killing and tearing meat - used mainly for tearing and chewing the prey - make the prey travel only one way - protrude out of sides of mouth * Some sharp teeth cause injuries - serious injuries Straight tooth * Straight teeth are easier to care for, more comfortable and have better function. * Straight teeth are easier to keep clean and healthy - clean and less susceptible to tooth decay and gum disease Tooth brushing * is the single most effective means of removing plaque. * removes only about half the plaque on the teeth.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth: Tusk * Most tusks grow throughout lifetimes - inflict fatal wounds * Some tusks are part of boars - elephants - possessed by elephants * Some tusks grow skulls - throughout lifespans - have axes - help walruses - look like horns - serve purposes * are actually elongated teeth - giant incisor teeth, which grow throughout the elephant's life - long teeth - teeth that grow through their skin - also useful to walruses for feeding - an elephant's incisor teeth and are the only incisors an elephant has - elongated and grow throughout the lifetime - enlarged lower and upper canines in males - ivory - large teeth coming out of their upper jaws - like really long pointy teeth that stick out from the upper jaw - long teeth made of ivory * are made of ivory, which is an incredibly dense form of bone - occasionally also present in older females * are part of elephants - wild boars - simply large teeth that protrude outside an animal's mouth * are the horns that grow out of the sides of the mouth - upper incisor teeth and have been known to grow to lengths of two or three meters - tooths - used as digging tools, weapons and for displays * can grow up to ten feet long. * continue growing for most of the elephants life. * grow continuously - for most of an elephant's lifetime and are an indicator of age - from the upper and lower jaws, also larger in males - up to seven inches a year and continue growing throughout the elephants' lifetime * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - enamel - ground substances - marrow - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - pulp cavities - root canals - sections - tooth roots - vacuoles * never stop growing. * probably play a role in breeding competition. + Elephant, Physical description, Teeth: Animals used for transport * Elephants also have tusks. Tusks are large teeth coming out of their upper jaws. * Tusks are made of ivory. Ivory is very rare and expensive. Many elephants are killed for their tusks. ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| tooth \| tusk: Elephant tusk * Elephant Tusks symbolize wisdom, strength, moderation and eternity. * Most elephant tusks grow throughout lifetimes. * are very elongated incisor teeth. * grow continually and absorb carbon and nitrogen isotopes from food Trabecular bone * is linearly elastic up to yielding and yields by cracking - more metabolically active - most involved in diseases such as osteoporosis and in prosthesis fixation * makes up the interior of bone, and has a spongy, honeycomb-like structure. Vertebra * are bones. * e consist of bones. * e have delicate membranes - spines * e includes bone cells - corpi - vacuoles * e make up backbones * e protect cord - delicate spinal cord - nerve cord ### body part \| tissue \| bone \| vertebra: Cervical vertebrae * are elongate, but poorly illustrated. * facilitate the mobility of the head. Vertebral osteomyelitis * is an infection of the bones of the spine, the vertebrae. * means infection of the vertebral bones of the spinal column. * refers to an infection of the vertebral body in the spine.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| bone: Weak bone * are more likely to break - slow to heal, so even a minor fracture can be disabling to an elderly person * break more easily and are slower to heal than normal bone. * can cause teeth to become loose and potentially fall out. * put women at risk for stress fractures and for early osteoporosis.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| bone: Wishbone * Some wishbones are part of albatrosses - birds - blackbirds - boobies - bowerbirds - budgies - cardinals - cassowaries - chickens - cockatiels - coots - crakes - cuckoos - cygnets - doves - drakes - ducklings - eagles - falcons - fowl - gallinules - geese - gulls - hawks - hummingbirds - lorikeets - macaws - mallards - martins - moas - orioles - ospreys - owls - parakeets - parrots - pelicans - penguins - pheasants - pigeons - puffins - raptors - rheas - roosters - seabirds - seagulls - shorebirds - songbirds - sparrows - swans - tanagers - toucans - turkeys - waterfowls - woodpeckers - wrens * are also a symbol of hope - part of birds * helps children develop an appetite for reading by bring books to life. * includes bone cells - cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ground substances - marrow - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles Wrist bone * Most wrist bones cover with skin. * Some wrist bones are part of arms - wrists<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Brain tissue * appears to provide an avid enviroment for occurrence of free radical generation. * grow rapidly, dividing and becoming a miniature brain that is distinctly human. * is crucial to understanding the virus' neurological effects, such as dementia. * is damaged due to lack of oxygen or from strokes causing bleeding into the brain - or decomposed beyond recognition of at least two principal parts - unnecessarily - damaged, and functioning is diminished - like a chicken egg - lost, some permanently * is made of brain cells - up of billions of tiny cells, called neurons or nerve cells - nerve tissue - obtained by autopsy * is particularly at risk - sensitive to blood supply - processed for histological examination<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Breast tissue * accumulate fat. * begins developing before a baby is born. * can vary from firm to soft, with a fuller, more rounded shape. * changes during a woman s life - with age, pregnancy, and menstral status * consists of glands and fat and has an atomic number six. * does respond to isoflavones with increased proliferation. * extends up towards the neck, the armpits, and the chest wall. * has a sexually dimorphic mode of development. * is fragile when engorged and can bruise easily - hormonally sensitive, especially to estrogen - soft and readily lends itself to lifting, molding and shaping * requires estrogen for growth.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Cartilage * Most cartilages are connected by ligaments - located in sharks - surrounded by layers - contain collagen * Some cartilages become bones - come from cows * Some cartilages have arteries - ridges - rely on nutrition. * There are many diseases caused by defects in cartilage. One of the most common is osteoarthritis, where the cartilage wears so thin that bone rubs against bone. Cartilage acts as a barrier, preventing the entry of lymphocytes or diffusion of immunoglobulins. This allows surgeons to transplant of cartilage from one person to another without fear of tissue rejection * acts as a barrier , preventing the entry of lymphocytes or diffusion of immunoglobulins - cushion, or shock absorber, between the bones - like a spongy cushion where bone meets bone at the joint * also acts as a cushioning device to absorb forces applied to the joints - gives shape and support to the outer part of the nose - is very high in water content, much higher than bone - serves as a shock absorber * always arises from mesenchymal condensations. * appears in the otic capsule. * are body parts - connective tissue * becomes bone, lean color darkens and texture becomes coarser with increasing age - more rigid, fragile, and susceptible to fibrillation * begins to deteriorate, and our bones begin to rub together. * can last a lifetime of running, walking, sitting and standing. * capped osteomas occur at the metaphysis, particularly at the ends of the long bones. * complex tissue like a very slippery, soft, synthetic rubber. * comprises a large percentage of a shark's body. * consists of chondrocytes in lacunae, in a collagen matrix - collagen fibers which give strength, and glycosaminoglycan molecules * contains a dense array of fibers in a jellylike ground substance - large amount of proteoglycan aggregates - blood vessels in the matrix * contains no blood vessels or nerves, and it takes a very long time to heal when damaged - nerve endings or blood supply * covers the bones evenly allowing for smooth movement - for frictionless movement and to dissipate forces on the joint - bony surfaces of the joints * covers the ends of the bones - hip bones - knee bones - joint areas where two bones contact each other * does have chemicals that prevent the growth of blood vessels ie. * entraps a great deal of water, which makes it an excellent shock absorber. * firm, rubbery material that covers the ends of bones in normal joints. * flexible material that can be moved around easily. * flexible, lightweight material made of cells surrounded by tough fibers of protein. * form of fibrous connective tissue - specialized connective tissue - the anterior and lateral sides * forms the embryonic skeleton of vertebrates and the adult skeleton of sharks and rays. * gelatinous living tissue, the cells of which like to live in an alkaline environment. * grows both interstitially and by surface apposition. * has a different structure from that of true bone - highly organized and spatially differentiated matrix - very poor blood supply and flow - cells imbedded in it - structural proteins deposited in the matrix between cells * helps reduce the friction of movement. * helps the joint move easily and comfortably - joints move easily and absorbs shock * includes corpi * is also a connective tissue derived from mesoderm. * is also present at the articular surfaces of joints - joints , where it reduces friction and imparts flexibility - slippery five to eight times more slippery than ice * is an avascular tissue - ideal tissue for sharks for several reasons - animal tissue * is composed of cells and the ground substance between the cells - chondrocytes that produce large amounts of extracellular matrix - fibrous collagen in an amorphous gel - dense and fibrous, can support weight, but is still extremely flexible - derived from either sharks or cows - dynamic tissue * is flexible and durable, yet is about half the normal density of bone - resilient because of proteoglycans - found covering the articular surfaces of bones and synovial joints * is found in other animals as well but is usually only present in embryos and young - the nose , ears , larynx , and intervertebral discs - only at the base of the trunk, dividing the nostrils - within the three mesenchymal primordia of the hip bones - gristle or a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue - in the shark's body - indeed generally weaker than bone but at times can become remarkably stiff and strong - made of an organized group of cells * is made up of cells and fibers and is found mostly in joints - chondrocytes, and a matrix, or ground substance - measured by the distance between the bones, or joint space * is more flexible and lighter in weight than bone - flexible, therefore, sharks can turn sharper corners than other fish * is much more easily decomposed and is therefore less likely to fossilize - softer than bone - nourished by diffusion of tissue fluid * is present in bronchial adventitia as irregular plates rather than C-shaped rings - only in small quantities in mammalian species - resilient and displays viscoelastic properties - retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed - softer and more flexible than bone - somewhat less elastic and of firmer consistency than connective tissue - strong, flexible, and lightweight - taken from the spiny dogfish shark, hammerhead shark, and some other types of sharks * is the cushion and shock absorber between joints - that keeps bones from grinding against each other in joints - joint's cushion that covers the ends of bones allowing free movement * is the part of the joint that cushions the ends of bones - which cushions the ends of bones - shock absorber of a joint - skeleton of vertebrate embryos and some fish - slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint - smooth, rubbery covering over the bones in the joints - spongy material that cushions bones where they come together to form joints - spongy, cushiony, material found between joints and bones - tissue that provides a cushion between bones and can tear if the joint loses stability - tough , rubbery material which is less rigid than bone - tough, smooth, rubbery tissue that lines and cushions the surface of the joints - type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone * is used in plastic surgeries for reconstruction of features - surgery to repair congenital and traumatic deformities of the face - very flexible and sturdy, but half less dense than the average density of bone * joins and supports other tissues and body parts. * layer of smooth, soft tissue that covers the bones of the hip joint - soft, tissue * needs the movement of fluids for diffusion of nutrients - water for the purpose of lubricating the body's joints during movement * normally covers and cushions the ends of the two bones. * plays a crucial role in protecting the joints. * produces AAF, an anti-angiogenesis factor which inhibits blood vessel development. * provides a mold for bone development - smooth surface for movements - smooth, friction-free surface for smooth gliding of joints - cushioning between bones, and without it, pain and swelling can result * rubbery lightweight material. * sliding surface and lubricating layer of tissue at the joint-ends of bones. * specialized connective tissue that provides for both strength and flexibility. * spongy substance that acts like a shock absorber where two bones meet. * stops growing when the skeleton stops growing, and chondrocytes stop dividing. * surrounds the subchondral tissue to form a cushion around the joints. * tends to droop and is somewhat resistant to change - warp after implantation, leading to migration * tough flexible material that covers the joints of the bones. * tough, elastic connective tissue found in sharks, humans and most other animals. * type of connective tissue found between the bones and joints of animals and humans - lacking minerals in the matrix - made from many cells - that lines many joints throughout the body - tisue that is softer and more flexible than bone * type of dense connective tissue * type of tissue found in the skeleton - that joins together and helps support parts of the body * very tough tissue which provides a cushion-like pad between the bones in a joint. + Shark * Sharks' are a superorder of fish called Selachimorpha. They, like other Chondrichthyes, have skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone. Cartilage is tough, rubbery material which is less rigid than bone. Cartilaginous fish also include skates and rays.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| cartilage: Articular cartilage * can repair itself, to a certain degree, after injury. * contains more collagen than other types of hyaline cartilage. * covers the end of the femur, the top of the tibia, and the back of the patella - ends of the bones that make up any joint * firm rubbery protein material covering the end of a bone. * has no blood supply - several features that affect the fate of apoptotic bodies * highly hydrated material. * is composed primarily of elastic cartilage - specialized tissue that covers the ends of the bones * is the cartilage that covers the bone and the joint areas - flexible connecting tissue in a joint - smooth cartilage that covers the bone in the knee and other joints * plays an important role in optimal joint function. * thin yet durable tissue that covers the ends of the thigh and shin bones. * wears out early, causing precocious arthritis of the spine and big joints. Epiphyseal cartilage * closes off signaling the end of skeletal growth. * is normal and calcifies in the normal way.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| cartilage: Fibrocartilage * are cartilages. * has a limited distribution - characteristics similar to both dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage - limited ability to withstand shock and shearing forces - only very limited distribution in the body * is found in the intervertebral disks and the meniscus of the knee joint - disks, and is an extremely resilient tissue - present at the insertion of ligaments and tendons into bone * provides good resistance to shear and compression forces. * softens the pressure that is exerted from the bones. * very tough form that is found in the disks of the spinal column. Fibrous cartilage * has the least amount of cells so it has the most amount of intercellular space. * is found in the spine and the menisci. Healthy cartilage * absorbs the shock of movement. * allows bones to glide over one another. * increases mobility and flexibility. Hyaline cartilage * consists of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix - mostly Type II collagen * contains no blood vessels or nerves. * forms the growth plates. * has less cells than elastic cartilage, there is more intercellular space. * is also what makes up the cartilage in the nose, bronchi, larynx and trachea - composed of four distinct histologic zones * is found in several places - the nose and tracheal rings - is the cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid cartilages - normal type Chlorotic tissue * becomes necrotic progressing inwards. * common symptom of virus infection. Collagenous tissue * exists virtually everywhere in the organism. * includes tendons, ligaments, scar and joint capsules. Cornea * Some corneas are more susceptible to corneal abrasion. * Some corneas are part of eyes - faces - lead to blindness * are body parts - epitheliums - membranes * are part of eyeballs - solid objects * can give sight, bones can give mobility, skin can give renewed hope to a burn victim. * clouding from pressure is one source of visual blurring. * have purposes. * includes corpi. * is animal tissue ### body part \| tissue \| cornea: Corneal transplantation * common treatment that is safe and successful. * is the most frequently performed transplant procedure - second-most common transplant procedure * wonder of modern ophthalmology. Corneal tissue * has the same refractive index as water. * is removed simply by exposing tissue to the ultraviolet light. * needs oxygen to remain healthy. Damaged tissue * can be the result of a heart attack, or a severe illness such as rheumatic fever. * can, with proper exercise and a nutritional diet, be effectively and safely rebuilt. * releases histamine that attracts white blood cells. Dense connective tissue * contains blood vessels. * contains large blood vessels Dense tissue * Most dense tissue contains blood vessels - collagen fiber * Most dense tissue contains large blood vessels	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Different tissue * Most different tissue serves functions. * are grouped together to form larger functional units, called organs. * are in turn grouped together to form functional units, called organs * can tolerate different supersaturation ratios. * carry different risks of infectivity. * have a different constellations of hormone receptors. * have different kinds of cells * make up an organ, like a lung. * use different cofactors. * working together make up an organ. + Cell differentiation: Genetics :: Cell biology :: Developmental biology * In developmental biology, 'cellular differentiation' is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Different tissues have different kinds of cells. Diseased tissue * become brittle as they dry out. * becomes black and brittle and contains an abundance of black spore pustules. * is usually dark gray to brown in color - watery, soft, black and deteriorates rapidly * turns brown to black and dries out in the field or, more commonly, in storage. Eardrum * Most eardrums are covered by skin. * Some eardrums are part of ears - heads * are body parts - membranes - solid objects - sunken into cavities on sides of head * includes corpi. * is animal tissue Elastic tissue * encompasses the endothelium and basement membrane. * holds the cushions in place. * is absent in the angiofibromas - connective tissue Endoderm * gives rise to internal organs, among others - the gut, digestive organs and lungs * is animal tissue ### body part \| tissue \| endoderm: Embryonic endoderm * is formed by the process of gastrulation. * lines two tubes within the body. Endometrial tissue * is shed each month during menstruation. * occurs naturally in the endometrium a layer of tissue lining the uterus. Endometrium * Some endometriums are part of uteruses - wombs - facilitate embryo development * are mucous membranes. * is another word for the lining of the uterus - the Latin name given to the tissue that lines the uterus * is the lining layer of the uterus which sloughs off with each menstruation - technical word used to represent the uterine lining Epidermal tissue * contains a waxy water-impermeable coat called the cuticle. * forms the outermost layer of the leaf.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Epithelium * Any epithelium can be simple or stratified. * Epithelia also form the ducts that connect the glands to the surface. * Epithelia are avascular - composed almost entirely of cells bound closely together by cell junctions - two-dimensional sheets that subdivide the animal body into different compartments - cover the outside of the body and line the spaces and tubes within the body * Epithelia have a number of important characters - an enormous capacity for growth and repair - perform a number of important functions throughout the body * Some epithelia are pseudostratified. * Some epitheliums contain mucuses - have functions * Some epitheliums lead to infertility - male infertility. * ' is one of the four main types of tissue in the body of animals. It is made up of one or more layers of cells. Epithelium is found on the surface of organs and many other parts of the body. The main function of epithelium is moving fluids into or out of an organ or body part. It can also help protect organs and sense things. There are many different types of epithelium that do different things in the body, including the excretory system * are tissue. * contain receptors. * continues vacuolar degeneration and replacement. * includes cell membranes - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is always very thin indeed - hyperplastic with goblet cell or squamous metaplasia - one of four basic tissue types in the body from which all organs are constructed - required for bladder mesenchyme to differentiate into bladder smooth muscle * is the top layer of skin - type of tissue that covers all free body surfaces	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| epithelium: Colonic epithelium * has huge numbers of goblet cells. * is diffusely abnormal in ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. Olfactory epithelium * contain receptors. * is located on the roof of the nasal cavity. Simple epithelium * consists of one layer of cells resting on a basement membrane. * has only a single cell layer. Transitional epithelium * is found in the urinary bladder and other hollow urinary organs. * specialized type of epithelium that is found along the urinary tract.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Eyelid * Most eyelids cover eyes. * Most eyelids protect animals * Some eyelids are part of eyes - faces - detect light. * People do this willingly or without thinking. The human eyelid has a row of eyelashes that help protect the eye from dust and other small objects. Eyelashes also keep sweat out of the eye. Eyelids regularly spread tears and other secretions on the surface of the eye to keep it moist. The cornea is one part of the eye that must be kept moist. Eyelids keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Also, the blink reflex protects the eye from things touching it * are body parts - close fitting, and eye rims match nose pigment * are close-fitting, and eye rims are brown - dark - match the nose pigment - crucial to the health of one's eyes - especially sensitive - protective covering - tight with pigment to match the nose color - very dark in color and are tight, never sagging * become prominent and the pinna of the ear takes shape. * begin to open, and the retinas begin to form - part as the eyes open * commonly exhibit epicanthic folds. - their eyes * includes corpi - eyelashs - sections * protect and lubricate the eye's anterior surface * stick together by the exudate or an accumulation of cheesy exudate in the conjunctival sac. * typically heal quickly with little scarring. ### body part \| tissue \| eyelid: Upper eyelid * Most upper eyelids protect eyes. * begin to sag and 'crow's feet' appear in the corner of the eyes during middle age. Fetal tissue * containing the suprachiasmatic nucleus restores multiple circadian rhythms in old rats. * has developmental potential. * is exceptionally well suited to bolster or replace compromised human tissues - sampled and assayed for intracellular cystine * provides the largest number of stem cells with the least risk of rejection.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Flesh * Consuming See biophagous, carnivorous, feeding. * Most flesh generates heat. * Some flesh contains compounds - poisonous compounds - toxins * can bond to flesh and spirits bond to spirits because they are of like substance. * eating animals are called carnivores - bacteria begin their rampage upon humanity leaving only the strong to survive - zombies always seem to be eerie and scary * eats flesh. * expresses itself and functions through three primary appetites. * gives birth to flesh, and spirit gives birth to spirit * has agreeable taste - appearances - delicious taste - fine flavour - musky taste - quality * is also matter and therefore also a form of energy - an earthly, spirit a heavenly, material - animal tissue - digested in an acid medium within the stomach - easier to digest so meat-eating mammals have a simpler stomach - films - light and light is flesh - often a carrier of disease germs - separated from skin and bone, then cooked - used to describe the body of an animal or person * is, after all, the most concentrated of foods. * only gives birth to flesh. ### body part \| tissue \| flesh: Proud flesh * can prevent skin cells from covering the wound thus thwarting proper healing. * is an excessive growth of granulation tissue that has the appearance of cauliflower * occurs when the healing process goes crazy. Frostbitten tissue * appears pale and is cold to the touch. * are more susceptible to repeated freezing.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Frozen tissue * are painless and appear waxy with a pallid yellow color - waxy, with a pale yellowish colour * is fragile and can be damaged easily. Glandular tissue * Some glandular tissue produces substances - such substances * can function to cause hyperthyroidism or adrenal-like problems. * is rich in nucleic acids and it was also the source of adenine.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Granulation tissue * has a clean appearance due to collagen and new blood vessel formation. * invades the incision space. * is also present in air spaces or bronchioles - apparent within the intratrabecular spaces - composed of small blood vessels and fibroblasts, but has no nerve supply - connective tissue * normal defense reaction of the body to in injury. * protection against the invasion of bacteria. * red-based type tissue which means that new cells are coming into the area. * seems to play a bigger role in spread of the disease than does cholesteatoma. Ground tissue * fills the space between the dermal tissue and the vascular tissues. * forms the interior of the stem. * manufactures nutrients by photosynthesis and stores reserve nutrients. * produces and stores sugars, and contributes to physical support of the plant. Hard tissue * Some hard tissue is connected by flexible membranes * reading are most commonly X-rays for broken bones. Human tissue * Some human tissues have higher energy demands than others. * can behave in ways that are unpredictable. * includes bones, tendons, heart valves, corneas, skin and other body parts. * is composed of cells. * play a critical role in modern medicine. * shows substantial levels of most dietary carotenoids. Infected tissue * dry up, shrivel, and turn brown. * has a gross appearance of a grayish-brown, dry surface. * swell around the eye, causing it to bulge out.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Iris * Irides behave naturally, being marvelous organs in all respects - do change their color * Most irides fall between three and seven. * Most irises grow from bulbs - roots - thick, underground stems or rhizomes - in areas * Most irises have color - flowers - leaves - pigment * Most irises produce blossoms - thrive if given generous amounts of sunlight * Some irises are part of eyes - faces - rare or are becoming rare - attract butterflies * Some irises grow in deep shades * Some irises have classifications - effects - identical structures - produce leaves * Some irises require drainage - water * are albums - among the earliest blooming and easiest perennials to grow - beautiful flowers with long, thin, flat leaves - brittle - brown or golden - easy to grow hardy perennials, requiring little attention - epitheliums - good drought-tolerant plants once they are established - grown from both seed and root separation - large, colorful, and beautiful flowers - long-lived perennials that reproduce clonally and sexually - membranes - monocots - one of the easiest and most attractive marginal pond plants - pale yellow on adults and dark brown to paler yellow on juveniles - perennials, so they'll gradually spread from the roots over many growing seasons - prolific growers which spread via bulb-like rhizomes underground - solid objects - very attractive wetland plants that perform well in constructed wetlands * come in different colors. * demand good drainage and full sun. * flower in early summer - rhizomes, bulbs, or corms * grow from thick, fleshy, underground stems called rhizomes - throughout the temperate regions * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * later develop loose, rotted bases and holes in rhizomes. * multiply out from the center, which over time, becomes dry and dead. * prefer full sun or partial shade and well-drained soils. * produce a rhizome that becomes the perennial part of the plant - leaves and flowers from thick rhizomes beneath the ground * tend to be aggressive growers and heavy feeders. ### body part \| tissue \| iris: Beard iris * grow from roots. * have rhizomes. Dutch iris * Most dutch irises grow from bulbs. * are hybrids generally of xiphium and tingitana. Irish dancing * fun art and sport. * has a long history. * teaches about friendship. + Irish dance: Dances * Irish dancing' is an ancient art of dancing from Ireland. There are two main forms of dancing, the social dances where everyone can join in, and the dances performed for an audience. There are five main types of steps in Irish dancing. These are reels, jigs, slip jigs, hornpipes, and treble jigs. Irish dancing is a fun art and sport. Japanese iris * Japanese Irises form large lavish hardy clumps and are highly decorative. * Most japanese irises have flowers. * do well in partial shade to full sun. Siberian iris * are of easy culture, thriving in most soils in full sun or light shade - perhaps the easiest to grow of all * grow best in moist soil, full sun and naturalize well near stream beds. * perform best in moist, well-drained, fertile soils.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Leaflet * Most leaflets are part of hearts - have one to three coarse teeth near their base * Some leaflets also have a glossy coating on top called a cuticle. * Some leaflets have edges - lobes - single lobes * are cusps - leafs - located in demonstrations - small and break down quickly * form hollow pods which eventually turn brown. * have a characteristic curry-like smell when crushed - stalks - the ability to move * includes corpi. * never have axillary buds, but compound leaves always have one at the base. * possess vesicular glands below, which are membranaceous or rather tick. * provide important information - summaries	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Lean tissue * is highly conductive due to high fluid and electrolyte content. * refers all other tissues of the body other than fatty tissue. * weighs more per unit volume than body fat.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Lid * Most lids protect eyes. * Some lids are part of eyes - faces - protect gastropods * also prevent animals from getting in the container. * are an assortment of bright colors - important because they hold steam in the pot - spasmodically close, sensitive to touch and bleed easily upon opening * cover pans - weigh pans * help retain heat and speed cooking times. * hold wooden stick upright during freezing and catch drips while eating. * includes corpi - eyelashs - sections * keep food safe from elements and make transporting servers easy. * promote the build up of mites and high levels of humidity. * stick together at night.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Ligament * Most ligaments connect valves - hold bones * Most ligaments surround bones - pelvic bones * Some ligaments are part of diaphragms - esophagi * Some ligaments limit the mobility of articulations , or prevent certain movements altogether - articulations, or prevent certain movements altogether. * In this use, a 'ligament' short band of tough fibrous connective tissue composed mainly of long, stringy collagen fibres. Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint. Some ligaments limit the mobility of articulations, or prevent certain movements altogether * also provide the outer surfaces of the joints. * are attachment. * are bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones and hold joints together - or sheets of fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone - body parts * are connective tissue and come in various size cordlike bands - tissues that connect bones with bones in the body - easier to mount because the bone at either end of the tissue - elastic bands of tissue that connect bone to bone * are fibrous cords that attach bones to bones - connect the bones and stabilize the joint - important for the structural stability of the spine as they prevent excessive motion - like rope, consisting of many strands or fibers - responsible for providing stability to a joint * are soft connective tissues that attach bones to bones - tissue structures that connect bones to bones - solid objects * are strong bands of tissue that attach to the bones and form a joint - connect bones at the joint - connect one bone to another - which are much less stretchable than muscle or skin - cords of tissue that hold joints together and connect adjacent bones - fibers that connect one bone to another to form a joint * are strong fibrous soft tissues that firmly attach the bones to each other - tissues that connect bone to bone - flexible bands of fibrous tissue * are structures that attach bones together, and are major components of the knee joint - hold bones together - subject to sprains and tears * are the bands of tissue which hold the bones together and provide stability - strong white fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone - strong, tough white material which holds bones together at the joints - tissues that connect bone to bone and can provide guides for tendons * are tough bands of elastic tissue that connect bones to each other - tissue that hold bones together at joints - fibers which tie bones to other bones at a joint * are tough, fibrous bands of tissue that bind bone ends together - bundles which are strong but only slightly elastic - fibrous, cord-like materials that connect bone to bone - usually more flattened and form of tissue * are very important structures in maintaining the stability of a joint - strong material which holds bones together at the joints - what link bone to bone - each of the vertebrae and surround each of the discs - shoulder bones to each other, providing stability * attach the cirri to sockets in the centrodorsal - disc to the lower bone and the upper fossa * become lax, losing their tensile strength - loose after time in weightlessness * bind the bones of the body together. * can be over-stretched and cause the bones to lose their support - strained or stretched, and cartilage can be chipped or broken - very short, or extremely long, depending on where they connect in the body * connect backs. * connect bones and help keep the knee stable - provide wrapping material around joints - at their articulations, the points where they come together - each other at a joint - muscle to bone, tendons connect bone to bone * connect the bones and keep the joint stable - of the shoulder, and tendons join the bones to surrounding muscles - to each other and tendons connect muscles to the bones * contain fewer blood vessels than some other kinds of tissues contain. * develop force when they are elongated. * function to limit the range of motion that bones can move between each other. * have a poor blood supply, and torn ligaments require as much healing time as fractures - many important functions in the human body in relation to the back and spine - some elasticity * heal very slowly unfortunatley. * help to provide stability to the disc and condyle during movements - stabilize the knee * hold bone to bone - each ear in a foam-filled cavity outside the skull - our bones together and keep our organs in place * hold the bones of a joint in place - tendons in place and stabilize the joints - upper and lower jaws of the cownose ray tightly together * includes cell membranes - cytoplasm - ground substances - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * interconnect the bones of the hand. * is connective tissue * join bone to bone - one bone to another bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone - the muscles to the skeleton, which creates the body's structure * provide stability to the joint by restricting movement and holding the bones in place - strength and protection to synovial joints * reinforce the spine and powerful muscles surround it for protection. * serve as bone to bone connectors. * support and strengthen the joints and prevent abnormal movement from occurring. * surround and support each joint, connecting the bones and preventing excessive movement - the bony vertebrae to provide support * tie the bones together to form joints. * work cooperatively as a unit to provide stability and smooth motion of joints.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Lip tissue * contains salivary glands and is the anatomic location of choice for biopsy. * is mucous membrane, unlike ordinary skin. Live tissue * Most live tissue contains blood vessels * Some live tissue has surface potential. Liver tissue * can regenerate when removed. * is made up of units called lobules - organized for efficient filtration of the portal circulation from the intestine Lymphatic tissue * Some lymphatic tissue lines small intestines. * contains both fixed and circulating elements. * is animal tissue - found in the lamina propria - often atrophic or absent * type of connective tissue characterised by large numbers of lymphocytes.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Marrow * Some marrow is part of alsatians - ankles - arms - backbones - beagles - bridges - bulldogs - chests - chicks - cochleas - craniums - cygnets - doggies - ducklings - endoskeletons - fangs - fawns - fingers - fishbones - foxhounds - heads - incisors - jaws - knees - legs - mandibles - molars - necks - noses - notochords - partridges - poodles - proboscises - puppies - shinbones - skulls - snouts - spines - sterna - teeth - thighs - thumbs - toes - toms - tusks - vertebrae - wrists * are a squash similar to zucchini. * can be harder to match than blood and other organs. * contains blood stem cells, the basis of the body's blood and immune systems - the stem cells that can reproduce all the types of blood cells * does have some nutritional value but is composed mainly of fat. * helps bodies and bones because it helps produce blood. * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - ground substances - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is cellular - connective tissue - extracted from the pelvic bone using a special needle and syringe * is found in the cavities of the body's bones - hollow bones of the body, such as the legs, hips and arms - inside certain large bones * is part of bones * is removed from the back of the donor's hip bones using a syringe and needle - the pelvic region with sterile needles and syringes - summer squash * is the soft, fatty tissue inside the bones - spongy part in the middle of the bone - thought of as helping the growth of bones - where all blood cells are manufactured * regenerates within a few weeks. * substance found in the cavities of the body's bones - inside bones * tends to dissolve in broth, so it s better to leave pieces larger - it's better to leave pieces larger * tissue found in the large bones of the body. * transplants from unrelated donors as treatment for acute leukemia.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| marrow: Bone marrow * All bone marrow is red. * begins to make blood cells. * boosts transplant success. * can be totally normal including physiologic lymphoid hyperplasia. * consists of at least two types of stem cells. * contains immature cells, called stem cells - mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells - special cells called 'stem cells' - stem cells, generic cells that can form any type of blood cells - the hematopoietic stem cells from which all the types of blood cells are made * factory that produce blood. * fills the cavity inside the bone - marrow cavity or smaller marrow spaces, depending on the type of bone - spaces of the pores * has a very special type of blood cell called a stem cell. * is actually an organ comprised of different tissue components - collected by a process called harvesting - considered part of the immune system because it a. filters pathogens from blood - critical to the body's immune system because it is the source of all blood cells - difficult to match between donor and recipient - donated by live, compatible donors - especially sensitive to methotrexate toxicity and is the prime target for rescue - found in the cavities of the body's bones * is found inside the body's large bones - bones, particularly the pelvic bones - pores of bone - gray and homogenous with well-defined, smooth borders * is harvested from the pelvis - in a one-hour hospital procedure using anesthesia * is important because it's the factory that makes most of our blood cells - obtained from multiple aspirations of the donor's iliac crests - part of bones - removed by suction and collected into a sterile syringe * is responsible for producing most of our blood cells - the formation of blood cells - rich in stem cells - soft, gelatinous tissue that fills the medullary cavities - the centers of bones - supposed to turn out blood cells - taken from the hip bone - tested through a simple blood test * is the 'orchard' within the bones where blood cells form - factory that produces cells - flexible tissue in the interior of bones - major manufacturing area of immune cells - material inside the bones that makes blood cells * is the soft, fatty tissue inside bones - sponge-like material found inside bones - spongy tissue found inside bones - the white blood cells of the immune system * is the spongy meshwork material that fills the cavities of large bones - substance found inside bones - tissue found in the cavities of the body s bones * is the spongy tissue found inside large bones - inside the large bones in the body - that is located inside the long bones - spongy, red tissue in the centre of bones * is the tissue inside bones that makes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - where blood cells are manufactured - the bones where blood cells are made - tissue within the cavities of bones that contains fat cells and blood-forming cells * is where blood cells are produced - stem cells live * makes and stores blood cells * produces immune cells - system cells - red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets - the body's essential white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets * replenishes itself fully within two weeks. * retains the ability to generate stem cells throughout life. * shows a selective erythroid hypoplasia - no evidence of fracture, infection, or neoplasm * soft, fatty tissue found inside bones. * spongy material where blood cells are made inside bones - substance found in the center of the bones * substance found in the body's hollow bones such as legs, arms, and hips - hollow bones of the hips, legs and arms - that manufactures blood components * thick jelly that makes blood cells. * tissue located in the cavities of large bones. * type of tissue in the middle of certain bones that makes red blood cells.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Membranous tissue * Most membranous tissue contains blood vessels * Some membranous tissue has lobes. Meristematic tissue * All meristematic tissues are susceptible to infection. * are sites of cellular activity and division. * give rise to the other tissue systems and are named for their location. * is located in the apical meristems at the growing points of roots and stems. * occur at the root and shoot tips giving growth in length. Mesoderm * Most mesoderms form middle layers - have muscles * Some mesoderm is present, and some meso- dermal organs, such as a kidney, are formed. * form layers * includes corpi. Necrotic tissue * barrier to epithelialization and serves as a nidus for infection. * consists of eosinophilic stroma and cell debris with pyknotic nuclei. * is avascular and is described as either slough or eschar tissue - dead tissue - made up of coalesced blood elements - nature's natural dressing - reabsorbed without any sequelae in almost all cases	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Nerve * All nerves are specialized - end in the feet * Every nerve consists of bundles of fibers which can be categorized as large and small bundles. * Many nerves leave from each ganglion - make up an axon - pass through the sacrum to innervate the pelvic area - release chemical messages in a coordinated way * More nerves connect the olfactory tract to the thalamus. * Most nerves act as links in a chain of nerve cells rather than connecting directly to a muscle. * Most nerves are mixed nerves made up of both sensory and motor elements - small and hard to get at chemically - detect touch - extend to receptors - regulate activities - respond to stimulation - serve both functions and are called mixed nerves * Some nerves are responsible for our ability to sense things like sounds, sights, and smells - arise from brains - attach to glands and directly stimulate secretion of things like tears and saliva * Some nerves carry information in one direction only, while others are two-way - to the brain * Some nerves connect brains - cord - inner ears - spinal cord - contain primarily sensory fibers and other nerves mainly motor axons * Some nerves have distribution - shoots - straight shoots - lead to muscles - regenerate - send messages from the brain to the udder - sense light - tell the brain what is happening in the body * act a bit like electrical cables. * activate muscles by releasing packets containing a chemical called acetylcholine at synapses. * affect arousal - different people in different ways * allow control and provide sensation or feeling for our bodies. * are a collection of fibers which carry electrical impulses throughout the body - natural part of the bodies self-preservation instincts - body parts - bundles of neurons - collections of neurons and the largest nerve in the body is the spinal cord - fiber bundles - fragile and can be damaged by pressure, stretching, or cutting - gland cells - important - in the surface of the skin - like wires, connecting the spinal cord to the entire body * are located in animals - fingertips - human bodies - humans - organisms - teeth - tongues - no exception to the rule of tissue increase by exercise * are part of bodies - nervous systems - self control - solid objects - strained - surrounded by fatty cover of a substance called myelin - very sensitive structures and compression can cause pain and impaired function * become irritated at the intervertebral foramen causing aberrant neural activity. * branch off from the spinal cord between each of the bones of the spine - through small openings between the vertebrae * branch out from the spinal cord to energize the muscles of the body * can adversely affect pitch in several ways - become damaged, causing the spinal cord to literally rewire itself - regrow, but very slowly - sense pain and joint movement - to a certain degree sustain stretch * carry information to and from the brain. * carry messages back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body - differently than copper wire carries electricity - from inside or outside the body * carry the shock of impacts - signals * communicate through electric signaling - with muscles by use of chemicals called neurotransmitters * comprise the highway on which chemical messages travel to and from the brain. * conduct electrical signals to the arms and legs - information much like television cables transmit images * connect it to parts of the brain involved in reactions rather than cognition. * connect the nostrils to the brain and allow the fish to search for food - spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body - various body segments to coordinate their various activities - with every organ, gland, muscle and tissue of the body * connected to the heart regulate the speed with which the cardiac muscle contracts - speed with which the muscle contracts * control all sensations, strength, vision and coordination - eye movement - limbs * control the muscles in the body with electrical signals called impulses * entering and leaving the spinal cord pass through the epidural space. * extend from the nerve chord to other parts of the body * give orders to muscles. * go and come from the muscle. * grow about an inch per month - at a certain rate, slowly * have different endings - many inputs called dendrites and an output called an axon - to grow and make new connections and new parts of the brain become involved * having an improper food supply have the power to pull bones out of place. * heat the body. * help keep the heart beating in a regular, rhythmic pattern. * here supply muscles that aid in respiration and other critical functions. * includes cell membranes - cytoplasm * includes nerve fiber - fibre - plasma membranes - radicles - sections - vacuoles * is nerve tissue * is the ability to roll with the punches - critical factor in working dog temperament - glossopharyngeal - recurrent laryngeal - trigeminal * leave the spine through little windows termed neuroforamen. * link the nervous system to all peripheral tissues. * located in the nose pass a message on to the brain when they detect an odorant. * monitor and control all the body's parts - the environment both inside and outside of the body * normally tell the body when to move to relieve pressure on the skin. * pass on impulses with undiminished intensity. * passing over a rigid prominence, such as a bone, are particularly vulnerable. * play a critical role in controlling body fluids. * proceed from the ganglia. * run from the ring and ganglion to the tentacles and to the rest of the body. * run to and from centres, giving no impressions until their termini are reached - or from the ganglia in passage to or from the brain to specific sites on the body * running through air-containing cavities are also subject to barotraumatic injury. * runs behind the carotid and tends to bow the carotid anteriorly. * send electrical impulses to the muscles - signals either to or from tissues * swelling and compression in the narrow bone canal are thought to stop the nerve from working. * then carry the news to the olfactory part of the brain, where the scent is recognized. * transmit and transfer messages through chemicals known as neurotransmitters - information as electrical impulses from one area of the body to another - pain messages by a combination of chemistry and electricity - stimuli from the central nervous system to the muscles and blood-vessels * usually grow one inch every month depending on the patient's age and other factors. * work by having a normal nerve flow - like a system of electrical connections - rapidly, i.e., in seconds + Bell's palsy: Neurology :: Diseases * Bell's palsy usually cures itself, sometimes in a few weeks. The hallmark of this condition is a rapid start of partial or complete paralysis that often occurs overnight. It is thought that an inflammation leads to swelling of the facial nerve. The nerve travels through the skull in a narrow bone canal beneath the ear. Nerve swelling and compression in the narrow bone canal are thought to stop the nerve from working. Sudworth, John 2012. + Leukodystrophy: Genetic disorders * Leukodystrophies' are disorders which affect the white matter of the brain and the nervous system. Nerves are surrounded by fatty cover of a substance called myelin. In a leukodystrophy, there are problems with the growth or the development of this cover. This affects the function of the respective nerve. Myelin is made of at least ten different chemicals. Leukodystrophy is a gene defect. As a result of this defect, one of the molecules that make up myelin cannot be synthesized as it should. + Seizure: Neurology * A 'seizure' is when the nerves of somebody act strangely. Nerves transmit information. They do this by electrical impulses and by some chemical substances called transmitters.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| nerve: Cranial nerve * Many cranial nerves contain more than one type of neuron. * Most cranial nerves enter and exit the brain from the medulla and rostrally adjacent pons. * Some cranial nerves are mixed nerves with both sensory and motor functions - visible * appear intact. * are brains - grossly intact - nerves of brain * arise mainly from the ventral brainstem. * carry impulses to and from the brain. * emerge from the brain and the spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord. * go to the eye muscles - side of the face * move eyes together usually. ### body part \| tissue \| nerve \| cranial nerve: Facial nerve * innervates the muscles of facial expression. * is examined via transmastoid, translabyrinthine approach in transverse fractures. Optic nerve * are cranial nerves - part of visual systems - sensory nerves * is normal bilaterally - the nerve of vision * vary in their ability to resist the damaging effects of intraocular pressure. Dorsal root * are nerve branches radiating from the main spinal cord in the back or chest area. * carry sensory fibers. ### body part \| tissue \| nerve \| efferent: Somatic efferent * exit the spinal cord a. in the region of the cervical vertebrae. * supply a. smooth muscle cells. Ventral root * carry motor fibers, both somatic and visceral. * is an efferent<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| nerve: Motor nerve * are affected by mercury toxicity - in the cell body between the axons and dendrites - responsible for voluntary movement, muscle tone and coordination - usually more involved than sensory * carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body - for the contraction of different muscles - to muscles to make the body move * cause movement through the action of muscles. * contain motor neurones. * control eye movement - limbs * innervate the blood vessels, sweat glands and the arrector pill muscle. * mediate joint position sense and sensory nerves mediate kinesthetic awareness. * use electrical signals to make muscles move.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| nerve: Peripheral nerve * Most peripheral nerves are mixed nerves, meaning they contain both sensory and motor neurons. * are actually bundles of single nerve fibers - among the longest in the body - like electrical wires - repeatedly st imulated at a specific rate, and the impulses are recorded * can no longer send messages that require immediate action. * connect the spinal cord and the brain to all other organs of the body. * consist of many fascicles that contain myelinated and unmyelinated axons. * do heal, but only slowly so it can take months for symptoms to subside. * go to the arms, hands, legs, and feet. * pass out from the various ganglia to supply different parts of the body. * supply muscles. Sciatic nerve * are no exception. * become relaxed when there is an external application of the oil of the guggulu.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue \| nerve: Sensory nerve * Most sensory nerves respond to stimulation. * allow the brain to feel pain, touch, temperature, and vibration. * are found throughout the skin - long and are found in various parts of the body * carry nerve impulses from to the central nervous system - signals from the sense organs to the brain or spinal cord * contain sensory neurones. * enter it, bringing information to the brain about our world - the spinal cord and synapse with small interneurons within * exert a trophic influence on the corneal epithelium. * help to carry the signal of pain to the brain. * lead to the brain and spinal cord and relay sensations from the body. * respond to more than one type of energy * travel with the autonomic nerves, and both are damaged by the same process. Small nerve * arise from the longitudinal nerves to supply the body muscles and sensory endings. * branch off from the nerve cords to the rest of the body. * extend from the ganglia to the body surface and the muscles.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| nerve: Spinal nerve * All spinal nerves are mixed nerve. * are all mixed - nerves of spinal cord * arise from the spaces between adjoining vertebrae of the spinal cord. * carry impulses to and from the spinal cord. * connect the brain with the nerves in most parts of the body. * coordinate the actions of the bladder and the sphincter. * innervate the entire body and contain both sensory and motor neurons. * take their origins from the spinal cord. Sympathetic nerve * accompany the carotid arteries. * can modulate vasomotion and cause contraction. * carry electrical impulses from the brain to all parts of the body. * go from the brain to all parts of the body, including the arterioles. * inhibit the secretion of serous saliva. * innervate the afferent arteriole, causing smooth muscle contraction. * release transmitter between smooth muscle and connective tissue layer. * serve to stimulate or speed up the heart rate.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Nervous tissue * Some nervous tissue contains within craniums - has effects - is also present * contains neurons, or nerve cells, which transmit nerve impulses - specialized cells called a. transmitters * forms organs of the nervous system. * is also an excitable tissue - animal tissue - made up of specialized cells called neurons - organized into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system - part of nervous systems - primarily responsible for rapid communication throughout body - the primary component of the nervous system * makes up the brain and the that connect the brain to all parts of the body. * receives and transmits messages in the form of electrical impulses. * solves ill-posed problems in real time. Parenchyma tissue * generates all other tissues. * is the loose packing cells. Periodontal tissue * changes incidental to disease and various therapeutic modalities. * responses after insertion of artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures. Periosteum * are body parts - layers - membranes * covers cortical surface. * includes corpi. * is animal tissue - soft connective tissue * overlies a cartilagenous cap. Retina * detect light. * have cones - pain receptors - reflective layers - rod cones - single cones - special reflective layers * includes cell membranes - cone cells - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - rod cells - sections - vacuoles ### body part \| tissue \| retina: Retinal ischemia * carries a poor visual prognosis. * occurs when small blood vessels, called capillaries, close. Retinal tissue * are rich in fats that are vulnerable to the assault of free radicals. * is stimulated by light but also responds to mechanical disturbances.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Scar tissue * Some scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue - lungs - injure muscle tissue * adheres to the nerve or compresses by blocking the nerve exit from the foramen. * blocks or interrupts the normal movement of eggs into the uterus. * can cause anal stenosis - develop after vaginal surgery, such as episiotomy repair - develop, further limiting range of motion - dim the vision - enclose the healing ear canal and trap wax and debris inside * can form in the fallopian tubes and around the abdomen - over time giving a physical reason for more seizures - progress slowly over time and it can get worse * develops in the joints where damage is done, which is what causes the crippling. * develops, causing the bones to fuse together. * fills the space left between the clavicle and the acromion to form a false joint. * formed in inappropriate places can lead to disease. * forming or re-forming following surgery is an error in the healing process. * forms around the breast implant - stent to help the artery heal - as the tears begin to heal - on the outside of all artificial implants when placed in the body - permanently in the lungs * glues together the moving surfaces, resulting in adhesions which limit motion. * grows with the abnormal circulation. * has plastic-like qualities - the tendency to shrink and shorten * irritates neurons in the vicinity. * is another source of movement problems for post-surgical patients - common with any chronic muscle injury - dead tissue, just like the atrophied tissue created by cortisone shots * is formed over the attachment point that prevents water loss - when the abortionist's curette scrapes or cuts too deeply across the tubes - inevitable whenever there is damage to the normally elastic vagina - less capable of absorbing stress forces before tearing - mechanically inferior and adheres to bone or skin or to tendons and tendon sheaths * is more difficult to penetrate than intact skin - prone to ulceration than normal skin * is never as functional as the tissue it replaces - tough as uninjured skin - new growth and tougher than skin innocent of the blade - stiffer and harder, than normal skin - stronger than regular tissue - very dense and tough, much more so than surrounding normal tissue * replaces injured tissue as the result of the proliferation of fibroblasts in the wound - much of the normal liver - normal liver cells * turns white and softens in four to five months. Secondary tissue * develop from two meristems. * increase a tall plant's girth and enable plants to reach sunlight.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Soft tissue * Most soft tissue is surrounded by layers - surrounds airways * Some soft tissue fills bone cavities - surrounds epiglottises * are the supporting structures of the body. * become progressively stiffer and inflexible as fibrotic infiltration ensues. * changes including ingrown toenails, dry skin, and hair loss. * connect, support, and surround other body parts and organs. * connects bones. * contain actin, elastin, collagens and mucopolysacharides. * disappears over time. * have variable appearances based on the pulse sequences chosen. * heal with scar tissue and cause future pain and suffering. * includes muscles, skin and connective tissue, tendons, ligaments and membranes. * is basically every part of the body except the bone structure - radiolucent to some extent - the actual connective tissue of an organism, such as muscles, fat, and blood - used to repair tendon and ligament damage * lose their ability to stretch. * refer primarily to the muscles, tendons, ligaments and bursae. * refers to muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia and nerves - the soft connective or supporting tissues, such as muscle * restraints to lateral patellar translation in the human knee. * sarcomas in childhood. * sarcomas, particularly some types of rhabdomyosarcomas, also occur in children. * stretching can bring about significant changes in joint mobility. - bones and joints, such as ligaments, tendons, or muscles - upper airways * syndactyly of all fingers. * treatments for edema, wounds, burns, and peripheral vascular disease. * webbing sometimes occurs over the ventral aspects of the flexed joints. Spleen * Most spleen is part of bodies. * Some spleen contains enzymes. * has importance. * includes corpi. Spongy tissue * Most spongy tissue surrounds body organs * Some spongy tissue surrounds male urethras	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue: Tendon * Most tendons connect muscles. * Some tendons are part of diaphragms - esophagi - have protective sheaths called synovium * allow muscles to generate strength, power, and movement about a bone. * also benefit from the use of ultrasound accompanied by stretching - help hold things together, connecting muscles to bones * are also an integral part of the spine - another structures that can be affected by repetitive motions - bands of dense tissue that connect muscles to bones - bundles or bands of strong fibres that attach muscles to bones * are connective tissue bands that attach muscles to bones - tissues that connect muscles to bones in the body - cords of tissue that connect muscle to bone - durable tissues, and normally they can withstand many years of use without any problems - easy to see on the underside of the wrist, and on the back of the hand * are fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscle to bone - tough tissue that connect muscles to bones - that attach muscles to the bones - generally healthy structures that appear glistening white to the naked eye - groupings of a type of connective tissue called collagen - inelastic * are like ligaments except they connect muscles to bones - in that they are fibrous tissue and they attach to the bone - very strong rubber bands that keep muscles attached to bones - normally nearly avascular - of similar material, but their function is to attach muscle to bone - part of the human body often connected to joints - rather important, but yet frequently affected structures in the equine lower limb - rope-like structures made of strong, smooth, shiny fibers - similar to ligaments except that ligaments join one bone to another - soft tissue structures that attach muscles to bone - strong bands of material that attach muscles to bones or other parts of the body * are strong bands of tissue that attach muscles to bones or other parts of the body - but elastic elongations of muscle - cable-like structures, which anchor the muscles to the bone - subject to many types of injuries * are the ends of muscles that attach to bone - fibrous cords that connect muscle to bone - interconnecting fibers that attach muscle to joint and bone - most common tissue affected - structures that connect the muscles to the bones so that movement can occur - thick fibrous cords that attach muscles to bone - tissues that connect the muscles to the bones - tough cords that connect the muscles to the bones they move - tough, fibrous cords that connect muscle to bone - thick strands or sheets of connective tissues - tough bands of connective tissue which attach to the bone * are tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones - very soft, very painful when they're inflamed, and heal very slowly - viscoelastic structures, which means they exhibit both elastic and viscous behaviour * assist in the pulling action of our muscles and are made of bundles of collagen fibers. * attach an intact whole skeletal muscle to bones - muscles to bones, and ligaments surround joints and connect one bone to another - skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the moveable joints * become twisted, shortened, displaced or fused. * begin on a muscle and end on a bone - to glide when they experience stress immediately after surgery * can become inflamed through repeated tensing - eventually fray and tear - get bigger with time, though it very slow process - have very fast contraction times * come in many shapes and sizes. * connect bone to bone , whereas ligaments connect muscle to bone. - tobones * consist of tough, fibrous tissue that attaches the muscle to the bone. * enable smooth motion in various planes of the shoulder, for example, in throwing. * extend from the muscles to permit the flexing of toes. * fasten the muscles to the bone. * function primarily to facilitate movement - to attach a muscle to bone in order to provide motion * generally cross a joint and help facilitate movement. * grow taut, then slack. * heal slowly. * help form a connection between soft contracting muscle cells to hard bone cells - hold muscles and bones together * hold muscle to bone - muscles to bones and ligaments hold bones together * includes cell membranes - cytoplasm - ground substances - mast cells - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is connective tissue * join muscle to bone and move joints - or muscle to muscle - the muscles to bones * lie at the ends of muscles, where they attach to bones. * look almost like ligaments, but they are more cord like and connect the muscles to the bone. * normally glide smoothly inside lubricated sheaths. * only get thicker from heavy poundages. * slide within lubricated sheaths, are inelastic, and are subject to sprains and ruptures. * snap across a bone in the foot, producing a clicking sound as the animals walk. * snap, jerk or become stuck. * take a long time to heal. * transmit the power generated from a particular muscle to move a particular bone. * vary in length, thickness, and elasticity + Arm wrestling, Avoiding injury: Wrestling * However, tendons can be strengthened with many methods. When tendons are in pain, they require blood so they can heal faster. Tendons can get bigger with time, though it is a very slow process. Experienced arm wrestlers can have tendons 3 to 4 times bigger than average people. * It is built to withstand tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments except that ligaments join one bone to another. Tendons and muscles work together. They can only create a pulling force. + Tendon, Anatomy: Skeletal system * A tendon inserts into bone at an enthesis. At this point, the collagen fibers are changed into bone tissue. Tendons can not create any pulling force of their own. The tendons transfer the movement of muscles. They can create an elastic force if stretched. Tendons are part of the human body often connected to joints.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tissue \| tendon: Hamstring * are a frequently injured area for many athletes - group of four muscles at the back of the thigh that attach to the hip and the knee - long muscles on the back of the thigh that are attached to the pelvis and the leg - skeletal muscles - things that kind of linger * traditionally take a long time to heal. Thymic tissue * has unlike fat a distinct structure to it. * is extremely sensitive to the general nutritional status of the body. Tissue donation * can include skin, bone, tendons, heart valves and corneas. * can occur even when someone dies at home - in either brain death or cardiac death * differs from organ donation in several ways.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tissue: Tonsil * Some tonsils are part of pharynxs - throats * act like filters to trap bacteria and viruses. * are also aggregates of lymph nodules - body parts - glandular tissue located on both sides of the throat - large clusters of lymphatic cells found in the pharynx - like hemorrhoids - lymph glands at the back of the throat - lymphatic tissue - masses of lymphatic tissue at the back of the throat - merely lymph glands at the back of the throat - natural protectors and vital organs of self-defense mechanism of the body - nodular organs in the upper respiratory system - really lymph nodes - small masses of tissue - solid objects - the two masses on the back of the throat - very small at birth, enlarge gradually, and reach maximum size at age six or seven * includes corpi. * is lymphoid tissue * start out rather large but eventually shrink to almond size - to shrink as the child ages, and at puberty they shrink substantially Trophoblast * Most trophoblasts are part of blastocysts. * Some trophoblasts are incorporated into the growing fetus - secrete enzymes Tummy * Some tummies break down proteins. * Tummies includes corpi. * is an organ Tunic * Some tunics contain cellulose. * are cloaks - membranes - robes<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Toenail * Most toenails protect tissue. * Some toenails are part of feet - toes * Some toenails have blood vessels * are also important - part of toes - similar , except that they grow four times slower and are on the toes * are the favorite breeding spots for the fungi - knife of a foot - primary site of infection - to be pinkish white in color * can be black or white in black spotted dogs, brown and white in the liver ones. * grow much more slowly and are usually very soft - slower than fingernails * kiss the dirt and sometimes take the dirt home for a bath. * tend to be thicker than fingernails, so the best time for a trim is after a bath or shower. * usually grow straight out from the base of each nail. + Fingernail: Limbs and extremities :: Integumentary system * A 'fingernail' is a hard part of the body at the tip of the fingers, of which most people have ten. Toenails are similar, except that they grow four times slower and are on the toes. Only mammals have fingernails. Like hair, fingernails never stop growing. They must be cut from time to time. It does not hurt when you cut your nails. The nails are made up of a protein called keratin.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| toenail: Ingrown toenail * Some ingrown toenails are chronic, with repeated episodes of pain and infection. * are a common problem particularly among teenagers - almost always painful - common in adults but uncommon in children and infants - especially common in the large toes - hereditary * are nails that grow into the sides of the toe - whose corners or sides dig painfully into the skin - one of the leading causes of foot pain for which people seek medical treatment - very common in the large toes * can become inflamed or infected - cause infections which tend to be especially severe in diabetic children - develop for many reasons - lead to infection and other problems - occur in any toe but are most common in the big toes - result from cutting the corners or sides of the nails * cause a lot of pain. * happen when an edge of the nail grows into the skin. * occur when a piece of the nail breaks the skin - the sharp edge of the nail cuts into the skin Long toenail * are particularly prone to getting caught in rope. * can become snagged and entangled in carpet fibers. * can grow into the toe-pad - toepad * cause pain and difficulty in walking. Torso * are body parts - part of bodies - trunks * controls the development of the anterior and posterior termini of the embryo. * refers to all their remaining body parts.<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Tubule * Most tubules collect fluid. * Most tubules contain many useful substances - show spermatozoa present in their lumen * Some tubules are surrounded by capillaries - sheaths * Some tubules carry a minute amount of poison capable of paralysing or killing small animals - urine - collect minerals * Some tubules contain blood - circulate blood - urea - draw water - excrete waste - go from pole to pole and lengthen during mitosis and meiosis * Some tubules have functions - walls * Some tubules remove metabolic waste * are channels of cells that house spermatocytes in testes - surrounded by a thin layer of contractile myoid cells - tubes * contain amyloid casts * includes corpi. * remove serum phosphate, urate, urinary amino acids, etc.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tubule: Microtubule * All microtubules are nucleated from structures known as microtubule-organizing centers, or MTOCs. * Some microtubules are surrounded by membranes - plasma membranes - extend from poles * Some microtubules penetrate envelopes - nuclear envelopes * also act in a funicular-like way to help objects move around in the cell. * also form a dense network within most eukaryotic cells - the core of motile appendages known as cilia and flagella * are a different type of protein than the microfilaments - actually hollow tubes consisting of rows of paired tubulin molecules - also essential in the separation of chromosomes during mitosis * are also involved in cellular movement as a whole - the movement of cilia and flagella - the major component of cilia and flagella - among the most important structures in living things - another component of the cytoskeleton and are found throughout the cytoplasm - biological conduits that allow chemical communication within cells - created at many sites that are scattered through the cell - critical to spindle and aster formation in all cells as they prepare for mitosis - dynamic polymers that coordinate many cellular processes throughout the cell cycle - essential to cell division , so taxanes are essentially mitotic inhibitors - hollow rods made of a globular protein called tubulin * are hollow tubes composed of a protein called tubulin - globular proteins - hollow, cylindrical polymers of alpha and beta tubulin heterodimers - important for cell polarity and for controlling the direction of cell expansion * are involved in cell division - vesicular transport - key players in the organization of cellular space - made of a protein called 'tubulin' - obligate eukaryotic structures - of fundamental biological importance - one of three structural elements that make up the cytoskeleton * are present in cells and are comprised of tubulin proteins - in general - the axons and long dendrite projections of nerve cells - protein polymers which are relatively rigid and afford the cell some strength - replicated - responsible for movement of mitochondria and vesicles - rod-shaped fibers that exist in cells and serve as railroad tracks - shown in green, actin is shown in red and DNA is in blue - straight or slightly curved delicate organelles located in almost all cells - tiny filaments found in all eukaryotes - tubules made of dimers of a and b tubulin units - yellow * are, as the name implies, very tiny tubes. * arrays are also in the cortex of the zygote. * assemble and disassemble during the cell cycle. * attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving - to kinetochores * attached to kinetochores are highly unstable throughout mitosis. * bind to the kinetochore and shut off the signal. * build the flagella and cilia that many eukaryotic cells possess. * can attach to only one side of each centromere - dimerize and trimerize - function individually or join with other proteins to create larger structures * cause the chromosome movement. * contract around the periphery of the cell. * control the movement of chromosomes. * create the small movements of cilia and flagella. * disassemble and create spindles. * display dynamic instability unless they are capped. * exhibit dynamic instability. * extend from the perinucleus towards the cell periphery - radially from centrosomes, forming an aster * form part of the mitotic spindle that moves the chromosomes during cell division - the spindle but attach to only one face of each centromere at the kinetochore * function in shape, support, and help move organelles around the cell. * go from slowly growing to rapidly shrinking. * grow only at the plus end, but can shorten at either end. * help position, anchor, and move organelles and alter the shapes of cells - support the shape of a cell * mediate between the control center and the autonomous domains - mitochondrial distribution in fission yeast * move the virion to the nucleus, and viral DNA moves in through a nuclear pore. * organize at the microtubule organizing center and extend to the plasma membrane. * participate in a wide variety of cell activities - various cellular functions by interacting with other cellular component * perform vital functions such as separating chromosomes during mitosis. * play a key role in neuron function - the cytoskeleton and MAPs regulate microtubule dynamics * provide form and organization to eukaryotic cells - structures for attachment of chromosomes during cell division * provide the architectural framework on which many cellular organelles are transported - shape and structural organization of the cell * pull the homologous chromosome apart, but sister chromatids are held together. * radiate outward from a point in the cell called the microtubule organizing center. * tend to grow out from the centrosome to the plasma membrane. * then reorganize into a new cytoskeleton for the return to interphase. + Alzheimer's disease, Tangles and plaque: Diseases * Microtubules are made of a protein called 'tubulin'. The tubulin is 'polymerized', which is when molecules form the same shapes over and over again that are linked together in groups, and these groups are linked together. The microtubules are rigid tubes like microscopic straws which are hollow inside. Microtubules help keep the shape of the neuron, and are inolved in passing signals through the neuron. A Molecular Approach. + Taxane: Chemical compounds * Taxanes work mainly by disrupting the function of cell microtubules. Microtubules are essential to cell division, so taxanes are essentially mitotic inhibitors. This explains why taxanes have been used to produce chemotherapy drugs.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| tubule \| microtubule: Spindle microtubule * elongate by the adding tubulin subunits at one end. * form from the centrosomes, which have moved to the poles. * grow from structures within the cytoplasm called centrosomes.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| tubule: Nephron * All nephrons have their renal corpuscles in the cortex. * Most nephrons are part of kidneys. * Most nephrons consist of blood vessels - glomeruluses * Most nephrons have bowman capsules - produce urine * Some nephrons carry urine. * Some nephrons connect proximal tubules - conserve water * Some nephrons consist of capillaries * Some nephrons have tubules - urinary tubules * Some nephrons secrete harmful substances - such substances - responsible for cleansing the blood of unwanted substances and for urine formation * are the microscopic basic filtration units of the kidney - filters inside the kidneys that cleanse the blood - structural units of the kidney that filter blood - tiny structures that remove wastes from blood and produce urine * carry out an important process of urine formation in the kidney. * collect much more water than is sent as waste. - vascular and tubular components * includes corpi * play different roles depending on their location in the kidney. Seminiferous tubule * are part of the male gonad or testes - the tightly coiled tubules of the testes in which sperm are produced * open into the short tubuli recti , which empty into the rete testis.<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Vacuole * Most vacuoles contain chlorophyll - digestive enzymes - food particles - digest food * Some vacuoles coalesce and form large cysts. * Some vacuoles contain acid - electron dense precipitate and tend to fuse - eliminate water * Some vacuoles expel excess water - fill with glycogen * Some vacuoles fuse with lysosomes - membranes - plasma membranes - have specialized functions, and plant cells can have more than one type of vacuole * act as containers - like storage tanks * also regulate the water content of certain one-celled animals. * are also important in regulating water balance within the cell - bubbles that float in the cell - cavities - formed during endocytosis when portions of the cell membrane are pinched off * are found in both plant and animal cells - the cells of plants, protists, and some primitive animals - large sacs that store food and other materials in the cell * are large, liquid-filled organelles found only in plant cells - round, water-filled sacs floating in the cytoplasm - larger in animal cells than in plant cells - membrane bound sacs with little or no internal structure - more important to plant cells than they are to animal cells * are part of cells - regenerated in mature spores - spaces in the cytoplasm that usually contain gases, solids, or liquids * are storage areas that contain nutrients, water, etc. for the cell's later use - bins that a cell digs into when what is inside is needed - bodies for water, minerals, etc. and can be quite large in plant cells - bubbles found in cells * are the lysosome functional equivalent in plant cells - storage areas of cells - used for storage - vesicles * basically regulate buoyancy. * can also serve as storage compartments for nutrients and metabolites - store waste products - digest macromolecules and store both waste products and nutrients * develop by a gradual accumulation of fat droplets. * drift through the cytoplasm and usually carry food molecules in solution. * have the simple structure of a sac, a single membrane surrounding solid or liquid contents. * seen in some cells represent dissolved lipid droplets. * store food and other materials needed by the cell. * take on specific functions with a paramecium cell. * usually account for changes in cell size when the cytoplasmic volume stays constant.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| vacuole: Central vacuole * Most central vacuoles contain chlorophyll. * Some central vacuoles contain water.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| vacuole: Contractile vacuole * Some contractile vacuoles come in contact - eliminate water - expel excess water * allow the organism to excrete excess water. * are found in archaeocytes and choanocytes of freshwater sponges - present in freshwater species but lacking in marine amebas - probably more important as osmoreg- ulatory organelles than for excretion - small and numerous lying near the surface - the excretory organs of Amoeba * collect excess water and pump it out of cell. * eliminate the water that enters continuously from the hyposmotic environment. * occur in freshwater protozoans. * pump out water, and secretory granules contain enzymes. Food vacuole * Most food vacuoles contain food particles - digest food * Some food vacuoles come in contact - fuse with plasma membranes * are formed at the posterior end of the gullet. * are used to store and digest food that the amoeba has absorbed - transport the food through the cell * combine with lysosomes. * develop whenever food is ingested and shrink as digestion progresses. * encapsulate food consumed by the paramecium. * form immediately following ingestion. Large vacuole * Some large vacuoles contain water. * collect and expel excess water. Numerous vacuole * Some numerous vacuoles fill with glycogen. * are visible within the keratinized cells of the epidermis.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part: Valve * Some valves are closed by muscles - force blood * Some valves have metering rods- long stainless steel rods that move up and down in a small hole - teeth - leave ventricles * Some valves use for locomotion - gases - valves that are opened with a straight-edge screwdriver * allow blood to flow in one direction between the chambers of the heart - the blood to flow in only one direction, up or down * also control the flow of blood between the heart and arteries. * appear as knot-like bulges in the vein in some patients. * are also present between the ventricles and the vessels leading from it - composed of both chitin and calcium carbonate and are hinged along the dorsal margin - devices - flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction - mechanical devices that allow or impede the movement of a liquid or a gas - more likely to stick in hot summer weather than in cold winter months - most numerous in the veins of the extremities, and are absent in the smallest veins - one of the most used apparatuses within a refinery or chemical complex * are part of brass - hearts - trumpets - portals * are present in an otter's nose and ears which close automatically as the otter submerges - lymph vessels to prevent backflow - veins to prevent backflow of blood - shells - the doorways of the heart - usually the single largest source of fugitive emissions * close the ostia when the heart contracts. * connect guts. * control the flow of blood between the atria and ventricles - from the atria to the ventricles - fluids and gasses and appear in several places in a paintgun system * created by the lips and tongue keep food in the mouth and in place prior to swallowing. * direct the flow of blood through the heart's chambers. * guard the opercular clefts, preventing the backflow of water. * have a natural tendency to twist in their respective casings. * help buildups. * includes corpi. * keep blood flowing in the proper direction - the blood flowing in one direction * prevent backflow of blood into the heart when the heart relaxes - backflow, keeping the blood flowing in one direction through the heart - backward flow of blood * prevent blood backflow - or lymph from flowing backward - passing in the opposite direction from deep to surface veins - the backflow of blood - what is trapped within the lymph vessels to return to interstitial fluid * regulate the flow of a liquid or gas - blood through the heart and to the pulmonary artery and the aorta * stems can swell in their guides and also scuff or seize. * tend to rotate under the action of the valve springs and by engine vibration. * usually contain one to several short spines, perpendicular to the shell surface. * vary in construction and size depending upon their function. ### body part \| valve \| cardiac valve: Mitral valve * cardiac valve * is made of very heavy cusps and is located at the entrance of the left ventricle. Semilunar valve * begin to form in the heart. * separate the ventricles from the outgoing blood vessels. Heart valve * Most heart valves are part of hearts. * are body parts - implants - solid objects * perform the vital job of maintaining the heart's blood flow in the correct direction. * regulate the flow of blood from the heart's pumping chambers - inside the heart * replace damaged valves in infants and adults with heart valve defects. Inbal valve * are a breakthrough in conceptual design of control valves. * work with water and can operate efficiently with other fluids and gases. Mechanical valve * can cause all sorts of problems, such as breakdown of blood cells or infection - last indefinitely if proper blood thinning medications are always taken * tend to last longer, but they are more prone to cause blood clots and strokes. Stenotic valve * are often a natural result of aging. * hinder the forward flow of blood.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part: Vein * All veins carry blood away from the heart - deoxygenated blood * Many veins follow the branching and distribution pattern of the artery of the same name - have valves that allow blood flow in one direction only * Most veins affect hearts - bring blood * Most veins carry blood that is low in oxygen back to the heart - warm blood - collect blood * Most veins contain blood - dark red blood - deliver blood - fill with blood * Most veins have one-way valves called venous valves to prevent backflow caused by gravity - that keep blood from going backwards * Some veins carry carbon dioxide - nutrients - testosterone - contain urea - drain erectile tissue - have veins * accompany the arteries listed above. * also have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. * always carry blood to the heart - deoxygenated blood in the adult animal * appear blue because light, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and reflected back to the eye. * are a very low-pressure, low stress conduit. * are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart - return blood from the body to the heart and lungs to get more oxygen - through which blood travels from all parts of the body back to the heart * are blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart - to the heart from various parts of the body - depsoits of foreign material within a rock fracture - elastic vessels that transport blood to the heart - especially sensitive to pressure - flat and have thinner walls than arteries - much thinner than arteries and under much lower blood pressure - part of circulatory systems - ribs * are the blood vessels responsible for returning deoxygenated blood to the heart - only blood vessels that have valves - structural support for the photosynthetic tissue of the leaf - tubes in our bodies that carry blood throughout the body * are the vessels that carry blood from various parts of the body back to the heart - take fluid out of the legs and back up to the heart - thin-walled and can expand more than arteries - usually larger in diameter and thinner-walled than arteries - vessels that bring blood to the heart * become larger and larger as they get closer to the heart. * branching angles are also diverse across species. * bring blood to the left and right atria - xylem and phloem into close contact with photosynthetic tissue * can be prominent in pregnant and fair-skinned women. * carry blood back to the heart as well as carry waste away from cells - once the oxygen and food have been used by the body's cells * carry blood from capillaries to the heart - organs to atria of heart - low in oxygen from various parts of the body back to the heart * carry blood that has circulated from the body back to the heart - is higher in waste products and carbon dioxide back to the heart and lungs * carry blood to our heart - the heart and enter the heart through the vena cava - toward heart, from tissues - with waste products away from the udder - without oxygen to the heart from the muscles * carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs - from parts of the body to the heart - food and water in a leaf * carry the blood from the legs back to the heart - through the body and back to the heart - oxygen poor blood back to the heart - waste products for removal - water and nutrients within the leaf - the deoxygenated blood and carry it back to the heart * commonly host the economic minerals. * constitute the vascular tissue with the xylem on top and phloem below. - valves to assist blood flow * converge to form a venous circle before leaving the mammary gland. * deal with blood that is being returned to the heart. * draining the lower part of the body lead to the inferior vena cava - upper portion of the body lead to the superior vena cava * essentially form when extension in a rock produces a crack. * generally arise from capillary beds at the tail ends of arteries. * get bigger as they go toward the heart. * have a thinner muscle layer and less elastic tissue than arteries - arrangements - less smooth muscle, but it is also of great importance * have one-way valves to keep gravity from pulling the blood downward - particular arrangements - small valves that allow blood to flow only one way, back up to the heart * have thinner walls and tend to have wider lumens * have valves that allow blood to flow only towards the heart - are designed to prevent blood from flowing backwards due to gravity - stop blood from moving backward * help to get blood to the body parts - regulate the amount of blood flow * lead back to the heart, where blood gets pumped to the lungs. * leave the thymus along with the efferent lymphatics via the septa. * lie in loose superficial connective tissue. * move blood. * narrow the pipe and speed up the flow back to the heart. * normally allow blood to go in one direction by having valves in the system. * push blood toward the heart. * rely on internal valves to keep blood flowing upward, against gravity. * require the muscles in our feet and legs to return the blood, against gravity, to the heart. * return blood from the tissues to the heart, merge to become larger as they approach heart. * serve both mechanical and conducting functions in the leaf, as in the stem. * take blood back to the heart * taking blood away from the penis get smaller , so less blood is taken through. * then deliver the oxygen-depleted blood back to the right half of the heart. * use the muscles in our feet and legs to return the blood, against gravity, to the heart. + Circulatory system, Systemic circulation * On the other end of the capillary, it turns into a venule. Venules are the smallest veins. Veins take blood back to the heart. As veins go back to the heart, they get bigger. The biggest systemic veins in the body are the vena cava. There are two vena cava. The 'inferior vena cava' takes blood from the lower part of the body to the right side of the heart. The 'superior vena cava' takes blood from the upper part of the body to the heart. * A 'vein' is a type of blood vessel in the body. All veins carry blood to the heart. Most veins carry blood that is low in oxygen, except for the pulmonary vein and the umbilical veins which carry blood that is high in oxygen. * There is smaller amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibres in the vessel wall. Most veins have one-way valves that keep blood from going backwards. * Veins carry blood to the heart and enter the heart through the vena cava. Other important veins are the coronary veins and renal veins - system: Cardiovascular system * Blood vessels that take blood towards the heart are veins. Veins get bigger as they go toward the heart. The smallest veins are called 'venules' + Penis, Erection: Anatomy of the male reproductive system * In an erection, the penis fills with blood. The blood makes the penis become longer, thicker and harder. Veins taking blood away from the penis get smaller, so less blood is taken through. Arteries bringing blood to the penis get wider, bringing more blood to the penis.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| vein: Portal vein * are veins. * drains stomach, spleen, pancreas and intestines. Pulmonary vein * Most pulmonary veins bring blood - carry blood * are exceptions because they carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart. Renal vein * Most renal veins carry blood. * Some renal veins contain urea. * is how filtered blood leaves the kidney.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| vein: Spider vein * are a type of varicose vein that occurs on the legs - blue, red, or purplish in color with a web-like or linear appearance - different from varicose veins - found closer to the skin's surface and are often red or blue - harmless - just a collection of abnormally dilated capillaries, or very small blood vessels * are more common in women and become more numerous with age - most common in the thighs, ankles, and feet - networks of tiny capillaries that look like spiders' legs - similar to varicose veins, but they're smaller - small red, blue or purple veins on the surface of the skin - smaller, but also appear on the skin's surface - superficial telangiectasias, tiny vessels that are red, blue or purple in color * are the smaller, threadlike clusters of veins very close to the skin - thread-like colored veins most often seen on the surface of the skin - thin, reddish-purple veins, which are visible on the legs - tiny, dilated blood vessels seen in the skin usually on the face and legs - wavy, thin, reddish-purple veins that are visible on the legs * get their name from the spider web like pattern they form. Umbilical vein * Most umbilical veins carry blood. * enter liver, along with vitelline. Varicose vein * Some varicose veins are pain free, but others do cause a little or a lot of pain and discomfort. * is varicosity<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| vein: Venule * All venules connect to capillaries on one end and a vein on the other. * Many venules feed into one vein. * are smaller veins that gather blood from capillary beds into veins - versions of a vein - the smallest veins * eventually become veins and head back to the heart. * join together to form the renal vein which drain blood from the kidneys. + Circulatory system, Systemic circulation: Cardiovascular system * On the other end of the capillary, it turns into a venule. Venules are the smallest veins. Veins take blood back to the heart. As veins go back to the heart, they get bigger. The biggest systemic veins in the body are the vena cava. There are two vena cava. The 'inferior vena cava' takes blood from the lower part of the body to the right side of the heart.<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Ventricle * Most ventricles carry blood - circulate blood - pump blood * Some ventricles are part of brains - heads - leave ventricles * are cavities - chambers - spaces in the brain that are filled with fluid - the lower chambers * have thicker walls than the atria, and thus can create the higher blood pressure. * includes corpi. * is used to fill the artium. * pump blood out of the heart when the ventricular pressure is greater than a. zero - to body * show loss of ependyma. * to pump blood.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part: Vesicle * Many vesicles are present on the fingers. * Most vesicles contain amorphous materials * Most vesicles fill with fluid - toxins - have barbs * Some vesicles carry chemicals - proteins * Some vesicles consist of glands - venom glands * Some vesicles contain bacteria - enzymes - food - lysosomes - membrane proteins - potassium - substances * Some vesicles fuse with cell membranes - neuron cell membranes * Some vesicles produce fluid - sticky fluid. * A 'vesicle' bubble of liquid within a cell. More technically, a vesicle small, intracellular, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances within a cell. Vesicles form naturally because of the properties of lipid membranes. Vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane, and release their contents outside the cell. Vesicles can also fuse with other organelles within the cell * accumulate at the fusion septum at which time it begins to dissolve. * also appear on the coronary band, at the heel and in the interdigital space - feet, especially in the clefts and on the coronet - teats - occur around the coronary band causing lameness * appear at the tips of lateral cell walls where branching occurs - in white patches on the tongue, throat, and palate - inside the mouth on the tongue, cheeks and gums, lips and palate - most often on the vermilion border and are painful * are a good model for biomembrane studies and can be used as drug delivery vehicles - small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane - chambers of gas that get trapped in a rock while it is cooling * are common in the mouth and other mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva - sign of acute dermatitis - common, particularly on the palms and soles of infants - evidence that the basaltic lava had plenty of gas * are gas bubbles in magma or lava - volcanic lava or rock - larger in the center of the lobule - likely to appear and weep if they burst - membrane structures that enclose an internal aqueous space * are more numerous in the presynaptic junction than in the postsynaptic junction - than a watery soup surrounded by a membrane - noticeable at apical and basal cell poles - of the order of one micron in diameter - organelles that transport substances from one area of a cell to another area of a cell - quasi-spherical shells formed from lipid bilayers - rare, and then only sporadically distributed - recognized and transported along the microtubule - sacs - site of neurotransmitter storage and release into synaptic cleft - skin diseases - swelling * are the basic manifestations of the disease - shipping containers within cells - usually chain-forming - develop within a day after the first signs are observed - fuse with the plasma membrane , and release their contents outside the cell - often be small and difficult to find * carry enzymes to modify and sort proteins. * form along the top of the foot, on the heels and between the claws - around the top of the foot and between the claws * fuses with plasma membrane. * migrates to plasma membrane. * often appear initially on the face or trunk. * provide a mechanism to rejuvenate or remodel the plasma membrane. * rupture quickly leaving raw ulcers which heal gradually over two to three weeks. * seem to be transporters of amorphores matrix materials. * tend to be intercellular, and usually located in the cortex - stain darker than arbuscules or intraradical hyphae when present * typically occur in clusters, ulcer base contains multinucleated cells.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| vesicle: Blister * Most blisters cause no pain unless they rupture, exposing tender skin underneath. * also develop on the palms and soles and between the fingers and toes - form in the soft tissue around their hooves * appear in the infected bark and release spores. * are a good clinical sign as long as they are filled with clear fluid - accumulation of fluid lying within or below the epidermis - also common due to friction between the palm of the hand and the handle of the tool - another sign of athlete's foot - characterization - collections of fluid below or within the epidermal layer of skin - defects - diseases - injuries - located in fingers - usually circular in shape * can also develop on a female animal's teats, causing mastitis in dairy cattle. * can form if shoes always rub the same spot - on the seal face as air trapped in the carbon expands because of the face heat - heal quite slowly and make each step truly painful - involve the skin surface of the eyelids - occur from heat, frostbite, chemical injury, or friction - range in size from peas to large rings * develop a few days after infection. * form after the laser, and the skin returns to normal in about a day or two - by cytolysis within the epidermis or basement membrane zone of the skin - on the feet, mouth, nose and teats, which then burst, leaving painful ulcers * includes corpi. * is usually a sign of moisture entrapment in the interply felt later - entrapment in the interply felt layer * normally burst and crust over within three to five days. * occur most commonly on the feet from rubbing between skin and footwear - on the nose, tongue, lips, between the toes, above the hooves and on the teats - spontaneously and abruptly, usually without known antecedent trauma * occurring primarily on the feet are due to excessive sweating. * often burst spontaneously after which the wounds start to heal - lead to cracking of the skin * simple dice game for two or more players. * soon appear on the penis in males and on the area around the vagina in females. * then form and couple in a chain-like reaction - then couple in a chain-like reaction * typically appear in thicker, pressure-bearing areas such as the palms and soles. * usually rupture and are followed by oozing of serum and subsequent crusting. * vary in size, are delicate and can be easily rubbed off.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| vesicle: Follicle * More follicles become functional with regard to oestradiol production. * Most follicle mites infest follicles - hair follicles * Most follicle mites infest human follicles - follicles are surrounded by connective tissue * Most follicles are surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue * Most follicles consist of layers - tissue layers - degenerate or undergo partial development and then disappear * Most follicles perform functions - sensory functions * Some follicles contain layers - fill with keratin - grow rapidly - have layers - induce ovulation * Some follicles produce estrogens - hormones - release hormones - show areas where colloid is absent - stimulate maturation * Some follicles undergo meiosis * are directly in contact with the blood - fluid filled sacs in which eggs grow to maturity - fluid-filled sacs which contain developing eggs - less likely to open spontaneously - part of hair - spheres of cells that house oocytes in ovary - structures that hold and support the eggs or ova while they grow * are the enlarging ova in ovaries, prior to fertilization - structures inside the ovaries that produce eggs - vesicles * bulges from surface of ovary into abdominal cavity. * contains the oocyte. * continue to increase in size as the animal approaches estrus following weaning. * develop, and within a few days one matures into an ovum, or egg. * extends deep into the hypodermis. * grow in the ovaries. * have two kinds of protein molecules on their cell membranes. * is fully mature and bulges from ovarian surface. * often lie next to a skin gland called a sebaceous gland. * produce the primary female sex hormones, estrogens. * then develop and subsequently synchronised oestrus and ovulation occurs. * undergo atresia at all stages of development.<\|endoftext\|>### body part \| vesicle \| follicle: Hair follicle * All hair follicles remain present in a patient with androgenetic alopecia. * Many hair follicles are in their resting stage at any one particular time. * Most hair follicles contain an oil gland called the sebaceous gland. * Most hair follicles perform functions * Some hair follicles fill with keratin. * Some hair follicles have receptors for dihydro-epitestosterone, a male hormone - the ability to produce different types of hair at various times * are body parts - capable of producing hairs of various thickness and colors - clusters of cells that produce hair - complex, self-renewing structures composed of different types of cells - in close contact with sebaceous glands - located in scalps - normally at a slight angle in the skin - one of the common sites of cutaneous bleeding - solid objects - sometimes prominent, giving a peau d orange texture - tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis - very sensitive to stress * become miniaturized, and the hair consequently becomes thinner and shorter. * can die. * develop from a complex series of interactions between different elements of the skin. * find inflamed skin an unhealthy environment in which to grow. * grow in a repeated cycle. * have a growing and resting cycle. * originate in the inner portions of the dermis as well. * prepare themselves for the resting phase. * receiving insufficient supplies of protein produce shorter, thinner hairs. * respond best to laser treatment when in their active growth phase. * rise from the dermis layer. Mature follicle * Some mature follicles induce ovulation. * have taut, almost transparent walls and contain straw-colored fluid. Ovarian follicle * are the basic units of female reproductive biology. * go through a number of stages of development before reaching maturity. * roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. Primary follicle * Some primary follicles have layers. * are the next stage in folliculogenesis after primordial follicles. * develop into secondary follicles. * have two stages.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body part \| vesicle \| follicle: Primordial follicle * Some primordial follicles do eventually develop. * are immature primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells - indiscernible to the naked eye Secondary follicle * Some secondary follicles have layers. * are the result of antigen recognition by B cells in a primary follicle. * develop following antigenic stimulation. Small vesicle * Most small vesicles fill with toxins. * Some small vesicles contain food - proteins * break off and move toward the cell membrane. * coalesce to form larger blisters. * containing terpenoids accumulate in the cytoplasm. Synaptic vesicle * are containers for neurotransmitters. * retain their identity through the endocytic cycle. Transport vesicle * bud off from endoplasmic reticulum. * carry soluble proteins and membranes between intracellular compartments. Villus * Most villuses absorb nutrition. * Some villuses absorb nutrients - have surfaces - penetrate walls * includes corpi. ### body part \| villus: Chorionic villus * biopsy in first trimester pregnancy for prenatal genetic diagnosis. * sampling and amniocentesis are the two most common methods of prenatal diagnosis. Waist * Most waists are part of bodies. * are areas - body parts - drawstrings - torsos - solid objects * is an area<\|endoftext\|>### body part: Whisker * Most whiskers detect vibration. * Some whiskers have structures. * also aid in hunting - reduce ductility and fracture toughness * are also part of the cat's touch sensory mechanism - extremely sensitive because they are closely connected to the nervous system - hair - more than twice as thick as ordinary hairs - never all black, some are white or partly white - part of cats - present on the snout and above the eyes - singed off, fur is singed - so sensitive that they can detect the slightest directional change in a breeze - the same shade of brown as the coat - thick, long hairs on each side of a cat's face - two to three times thicker than the cat's hair * become more important to blind cats to judge the cat's proximity to an object. * can be metallic or inorganic compounds - very short or missing - cause electrical malfunctions by bridging circuit elements * extend from sides. * grow on tin, zinc, cadmium, and silver and can grow long enough to short out circuitry. * has no front claws only back. * have a considerable assembly of dedicated nerves that go direct to the brain. * help a cat measure the width of an opening - navigate at night and help it determine if it can fit through small spaces - cats avoid obstacles, even in total darkness * is hair * mean different things to different animals, but they are always there for a reason. ### body parts: Human bone * are body parts - bones - hard, calcified structures with caverns that hold the living bone cells - stronger than concrete * can withstand stresses of twenty-four thousand pounds per square inch. * contain calcium. * lay just centimeters from the surface.<\|endoftext\|>### body parts: Human ear * Most human ears detect sound. - good at hearing low pitches , but bad at hearing high pitches * can detect a range of sixteen to thirty thousand vibrations per second. * has three important parts. * hear only a small segment of the frequency spectrum as sound. * need protection. + Discrete cosine transform, Sounds: Technology * Human ears are good at hearing low pitches, but bad at hearing high pitches. If you use the DCT to break a sound into tones, you do not need to be as careful when playing the higher tones because people cannot hear them as well.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body parts: Human eye * Most human eyes control light. * Most human eyes have lenses - magnitudes - operate quite well in the dark, although they take time to adapt to it * Some human eyes detect waves. - extremely sensitive to movement, especially at dark - only about five times sharper than a jumping spider's - smooths - transducers * bend blue light more than red light. * can converge on points in the distance - see visible wavelengths * degenerate over time. * has a tendency to pause for a fraction of second and move forth again. * is better sensitive to colour thereby giving a better tissue differentiation. * move as the result of one of four mechanisms. * perceive the resulting sum of green and red as the color yellow. * perform poorly at night and are easily fooled by illusion as well. * work better when scanning, sweeping and hunting as opposed to staring. + Spider, Anatomy, Spider eyes and other senses * Jumping spiders' visual acuity exceeds by a factor of ten that of dragonflies, which have by far the best vision among insects. Human eye are only about five times sharper than a jumping spider's. The downside is that the scanning and integrating processes are relatively slow. Lower leg * Some lower legs have skin - toes * are body parts - solid objects * show similarity. Animal body * Animal bodies are constructed to com- pensate for the pull of gravity - react differently than human bodies * Most animal bodies are made up of organized cells that are specialized to perform a specific task. * is spiritually distinct from human body. Body change * indicate the approach of puberty. * occur in mid-life too.<\|endoftext\|>### body: Body lice * Some body lice have stages. * are found in tight-fitting sites or seams of clothing, usually close to the skin - parasitic insects that live on clothing and bedding used by infested persons - physically similar to head lice - prevalent among the homeless in industrialized regions such as Marseilles, France - problems in areas of extreme overcrowding and poor sanitation - rare in children - uncommon in most of the U.S. population * attach their eggs to the clothing. * can spread epidemic typhus, trench fever, and louse-borne relapsing fever. * cause severe itching, which is often worse at night. * develop in about three to five weeks. * exist worldwide and infest people of all races. * glue their eggs to clothing, especially near seams and creases. * is relatively rare under normal hygeinic conditions. * live and feed on all parts of the body - hide in the folds of the clothing of the hosts, usually close to the skin * live in clothing and are easily controlled by good personal hygiene - the seams of dirty clothes and bedding * prefer to lay their eggs along the seams of clothing. * tend to aggregate where clothing most frequently touches the skin. Cadaver * are bodies - dead bodies that have donated themselves to science - located in war * often have to be stockpiled for varying periods of time prior to their use. * simulated world of cyborgs and nature in realtime. Carcass * All carcasses go into rigor mortis, but aging allows enzymes to relax the muscles. * Some carcasses measure just one tenth of an inch of back fat. * are corpses - hard to find, hard to break into because the surface can freeze - organic matter - the limiting factor in burying beetle reproductive success ### body \| carcass: Animal carcass * disappear faster from riparian woodlands than from open grassland. * float amidst debris, dotting roads and fields. * provide a suitable place for the botulism bacteria to grow - food for and ruble provides shelter for rodents and other pests	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body: Carrion - flesh. * ' is the carcass of a dead animal. There are several kinds of animal that feed on such meat, such as vultures, hyenas, condors, or Tasmanian Devils. Carrion is an important source of food for several kinds of carnivores and omnivores * crows pull flowers out of vases in order to drink water. * crows, vultures. * gives life to the fly. * is also a main food source, as are the fly maggots found in carrion - an important food sources for the species - important in their diet, as are fruits and nuts when abundant * is an important food particularly for young, inexperienced hunters - source in the winter - dead, decaying, or rotting meat * is eaten by badgers living in upland areas, but predation of farm livestock is rare - with relish, and hogs are known to eat manure - taken by some species Coiled body * Coiled bodies are non-capsular nuclear bodies that appear to be composed of coiled fibrils. * Most coiled bodies disassemble prior to or during mitosis. Compressibility * expresses how much a gas is behaving like an ideal gas under any conditions. * implies that the diminution of bulk is caused by some external mechanical force. Corpse * are located in funerals - graves - war - organic matter * now decay much more quickly when they are empty. * rot live to die. Effervescence * are natural processes. * indicates the presence of carbonate. Elementary body * Elementary bodies are tiny, round structures released when an infected host cell lyses - attach and are internalized by susceptible host cells * allows agent to exist outside of cell for a short period of time. Fluidity * comes from balance and grace, from practice. * is affected by cholesterol molecules in the plasma membrane - an important characteristic of biological membranes - key in cycling - quantitatively variable * means identities become less static.<\|endoftext\|>### body: Foreign body * Any foreign body carries a risk of infection. * Foreign bodies can also affect implantation - cause an inflammatory reaction in the body * Foreign bodies cause a lot of irritation and discomfort and can lead to serious infections - malfunctions in electrical devices - leading to appendicitis or perforation are usually sharp, pointed objects - produce eye pain similar to that of corneal abrasions * Most foreign bodies are able to be removed with irrigation alone. * Stain the patient's eye with fluorescein to detect evidence of corneal abrasion.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body: Governance * Includes roles and responsibilities, structure, etc. * affects their work environment. * broader notion than government. * category with a normative and a prescriptive dimension. * function of structure and of how people act within that structure. * includes the state, but transcends it by taking in the private sector and civil society. * involves control, accountability, responsibility, and authority. * is an iterative, reflective process - based on a system of elections that are free, equal, general and periodic - different from politics - direction, control, and exercise of authority - governance * is the change brought about by the populations reactions - exercise of political power to manage a nation's affairs - key to an open, transparent and equitable society - process of effective coordination when power and knowledge are distributed - resultant or effect of an interaction between official and unofficial actors - to a large extent also perception and appearance * means decisions that effect how the community works. * product of trust and shared responsibility. * sets the stage within which management occurs. * ' is the term for the way a group of people such as a country do things. Many groups create a government to decide how things are to be done. Governance is different from politics. Politics deals with people with different ideas working together to create an agreement about what to do, and governance is doing what politics decided needed to be done. * shared process. * system of checks and balances whereby a board is established to manage the managers. * tool a means to an end, an evolving process. ### body \| governance: Clinical governance * framework for ensuring the delivery of high quality care. * is about protecting patients - technology - treating employees as equals - quality development in action * requires that the quality of medical care be continuously monitored.<\|endoftext\|>### body \| governance: Corporate governance * affects the daily lives of people everywhere. * includes ways to take into account the prevailing community mores. * is about how companies treat their workforce - protecting stakeholder interests in the organization - an extremely under-researched area for most countries in the world - antidemocratic - characterized by adherence to constitutionalism - primarily the responsibility of the private sector - related to the way banks organized their business activity - the organization's strategic response to risk * set of relationships and stakeholders. Effective governance * increases predictability of outcomes. * is considered a product of trust and shared responsibility - important for enhancing communication and problem-solving * key factor in social and economic growth. Global governance * requires that corporations are held accountable to international law. * smells like, and is, world government.<\|endoftext\|>### body \| governance: Good governance * is about participation, about letting the people's voice be heard - all about partnership of all the stakeholders - also crucial for private sector development - central to improving confidence in public institutions and development programs - critical to poverty reduction - essential for restoring market confidence in an economy - perhaps the most effective form of conflict prevention * key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it. * means an effective system of checks and balances - stability, economic growth and human development - the effective and efficient ways government does that it is mandated to do - transparency, accountability, respect for the people * requires that leaders are in sync with new thinking and new communication skills.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body \| governance: Shared governance * cherished concept and tradition in academic administration. * community principle. * frame of mind. * is about respect, shared values, and a shared mission - based on trust - dependent on shared information Weak governance * is prevalent in both public as well as private sectors. * threatens to marginalize countries and whole peoples from the economic mainstream.<\|endoftext\|>### body: Healthy body * Healthy bodies are rich with hormones that help determine mood, desire, and inner peace - build more muscle, because they can keep at it in the long term - can come in many shapes and sizes - cause a desire to exercises * Healthy bodies come in a variety of shapes and sizes - all shapes and sizes - feel better and have abundant energy * Healthy bodies make for healthy minds - resist infection and disease - result from the unimpeded circulation of energy, blood and oxygen - support healthy minds - throw off parasites * leads to healthy mind.<\|endoftext\|>### body: Human body * Every human body has sensitive spots - is divine * Human bodies are albums - body parts - heat sources - like houses - located in funerals * Human bodies are made of flesh - molecules - water * Human bodies are part of homos - people - physical objects - used to air pressure * Human bodies can act differently - easily absorb different kinds of toxic substances - contain and give off sulphur, which is harmful to covers, documents, and photographs - defend their weight very, very vigorously - fight diets * Human bodies have a built-in temperature regulation system - an enormous ability to handle and store toxins - rhythms - similarities and differences - skeletons - trouble adjusting to rapid changes in pressure - produce a lot of heat - require at least six hours of sleep every day to stay active and alert - treat dead, toxic fuel, like cooked meat, as waste * can use carbohydrates, fat, protein and alchol as a source of energy. * has hundreds of enzymes. * is only a reflection of a higher ethereal essence present in the cosmos - subjected to pleasures and sufferings - the same as the heaven and the earth itself * miniature universe itself. * society of cells. Inclusion body * Inclusion bodies are bodies - compartments to store fats - release toxicants into the cell * Many inclusion bodies are accumulations of viral structural components.<\|endoftext\|>### body: Jury * Juries are a check on the arbitrary and corrupt power of government - biaseds - citizenship in action - committees - either grand juries or petit juries - governmental organizations - groups of average citizens who are selected to weigh the evidence and issue verdicts - more representative of the people than is the legislature - most common in common law adversarial-system jurisdictions - the foundation of the American justice system - play an important role in many trials * leave is leave with pay to serve on jury duty. Karmic body * ruler of our ego. * rules all functions of a cosmic organism.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body: Life form * All life forms are composed of basic chemical elements - expressions of creation - interdependent on each other - grow and evolve * All life forms have intrinsic value, which is independent of their usefulness to human beings - their means for meandering * All life forms require certain core chemical elements needed for biochemical functioning - water for growth - respond positively to Love at their own level of consciousness - use energy - work through an electrical energy system * Every life form is an expression of the DNA molecule - equal to all others - survives because of many other life forms * Many life forms consist of a single cell - have the ability to perform limited amounts of nuclear processes * Most life forms can take a lot of abuse before they die - depend on catabolic pathways leading to the breakdown of glucose for energy release - have an innate immune system * Some life forms are almost human-like aside from a few features. * adapt to their diverse habitats in amazing ways. * adapted to cave conditions are unique and fragile. * are able to reproduce and their evolution often leads to surprising consequences - complex at every level - mobile or immobile, warm blooded or cold-blooded * desire food. * evolve over geologic time. * have very diverse communication systems. * play, especially the young of species. * reproduce and therefore have a tendency to become more numerous. * show the ability to grow and evolve. * vary across cultures. Membership * are bodies - relationships + Freshwater Biological Association: Biology * Membership is open to anyone who is interested in freshwater science. The Association's main offices are in Far Sawrey, on the banks of Windermere in Cumbria. ### body \| membership: Union membership * matter of individual choice for employees. * tracks the decline in wages. Physical body * Any physical body moving through a fluid can create lift if it produces a net turning of the flow. * Physical bodies are different - change as they grow - have other properties, such as electric charge - interact as a result of the action of forces * is the end result of energy.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body: Porosity * consists of the tiny spaces in the rock that hold the oil or gas. * determines the amount of air and water the soil can hold - water that can be stored in a saturated zone * fabric's ability to allow air to pass through. * generally decreases with depth. * governs the amount of groundwater that a rock material can hold. * influences the movement of air and water. * is affected by both the size of particles and how the particles are arranged. * is an aggregation of micro-voids - intrinsic property of every material - caused by solidification, shrinkage and gas in the casting processes - consistency - dependent on plating thickness and parameters as well as substrate defects - dispositions - entirely a result of brittle fracturing - expressed as the percentage of the total volume occupied by the interstices - high, due the lack of yarn, even with the urethane coating - independent of grain size - indicated by the blue-stained epoxy - intergranular, and the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers is moderate to high - introduced into the interlayer by adding starch particles to the slurry - mainly a function of dicot woods - one of the main controls of density variation in sedimentary rocks - percent pore space in material - present only as micropores associated with microfractures - reduced due to compaction and cementation but secondary solution porosity occurs * is the A. ability of a rock to transmit fluids - measure of the void space or storage capacity of a reservoir matrix - percentage of open space in a rock - space around the mineral grains that make up the rock - volume of open spaces in a rock * measure of how much of a rock is open space - the voids in concrete * occurs in the copper because copper diffuses faster in the nickel than vice versa. * permits air circulation. * refers to the permeability of fired or unfired clay. * tends to decrease with depth due to cementation and compaction. + Aquifer, Groundwater in rock formations: Engineering :: Ecology * Porosity is important, but, 'alone', it does make an aquifer. ### body \| porosity: Absorbency * is porosity * refers to the amount of fluid that a tampon absorbs. Primary porosity * is usually higher in sedimentary rocks and lower in igneous rocks. * refers to that which developed when the rock formed. Secondary porosity * develops after the rock is formed. * is both intragranular and intergranular. Professional body * Most professional bodies have their own website, which sometimes includes job advertisements. * Professional bodies are powerful stakeholders in vocational higher education. Real body * All real bodies have sizes and shapes. * Real bodies can be long or short and black or white. Roadkill * are bodies - located in freeways * benefit to the welfare of our communities. * eat rotten rabbit food, red radishes, rubber roosters, and roaming roaches. * fact of life, like PCBs, overpopulation, and postmodern angst. * is also a major cause of death - an animal in the road that is hit by a car * show trends in Wisconsin deer populations. * threatens humans as well as animals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### body: Settlement * Refers to the resolution of a claim or lawsuit. * are agreement - instruments of war, of conquest, of confiscation by force - nuisances. * always notable, just as geographic features. Both are inherently notable. It comes down to the fact that they are always going to be noted in atlases and in various government documents and brochures etc etc. The people that live in the area are obviously going to note them. Remember notability does not have to be world wide. This topic that has been beaten to death * is confined to places where water can be found. * is the actual physical exchange of one currency for another - formal process by which ownership of real property passes from seller to buyer - method used to divide the cost among carriers - time when the money and deed are exchanged through the settlement attorney ### body \| settlement: Human settlement * Any human settlement is an economic equivalent to a local ecosystem. * are the largest, most complicated technology ever created by human beings. * change the ecology of natural systems. * dates back probably as far as pharaonic times. * is affected by the distribution of resources. Solid body * Every solid body has a center of gravity. * Solid bodies have intrinsic strength due to their molecular bonds. Subatomic particle * are particles smaller than an atom - the basic units of all matter and energy * behave like waves. * combine to form atomic particles. * fall into two classes, based on their statistical behaviour. * interact in a certain way. Warm body * Every warm body emits electromagnetic radiation. * Warm bodies radiate heat.<\|endoftext\|>### body: Water body * All water bodies appear black. * Many water bodies have fish with low levels of mercury, and no limitations on consumption. * Most water bodies are black, and the Missouri River appears dark blue. * Water bodies affected include streams, lakes, harbors, near shore areas, and oceans - appear in blue and wooded areas have an overprint in green - become shallower when the channels are widened or the volume of water is reduced * Water bodies have a diversity of conditions that enable fishes to adapt to their survival - unlimited supply of water for evaporation - occurring within land masses are included in some land classification systems<\|endoftext\|>### bombs: Nuclear bomb * Most nuclear bombs convert nuclear energy. * are bombs - much more powerful than other kinds of bombs - now small enough to be smuggled into the United States - nuclear weapons - poor at improving air quality * convert energy * suck a lot of dust and rocky debris into the atmosphere. + Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Nuclear weapons :: Hiroshima :: Nagasaki * The United States and the Allies were fighting against Japan and slowly winning. Two nuclear bombs were dropped, one on the city of Hiroshima and one on the city of Nagasaki. U.S. President Harry S. Truman ordered these attacks on August 6 and 9, 1945. The atomic bombs had been created through the Manhattan Project. Nuclear bombs are much more powerful than other kinds of bombs.<\|endoftext\|>### bone marrow disease: Amyloidosis * are diseases - illnesses * associated by multiple myeloma usually has a poor prognosis. * bone marrow disease. * can affect virtually any organ or tissue in the body - involve any organ or system in the body - occur in any breed of dog or cat * chronic disease that causes an abnormal protein to accumulate in body tissues. * constitutes approximately one percent of all benign lesions of the larynx. * is an illness - another one that can be very resistant - fatal - hereditary * rare but severe complication of Crohn s disease * refers to the extracellular deposition of a protein called amyloid. * syndrome characterised by extracellular accumulation of fibrils.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### bone marrow disease \| amyloidosis: Secondary amyloidosis * can occur from an infection or existing inflammatory disease. * result of chronic infection or inflammatory disease. Red marrow * contains the stem cells that produce most types of blood cells. * is bone marrow - involved in blood cell formation - the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life * produces blood cells - red and white blood cells and platelets Yellow marrow * consists primarily of cells that store fat. * contain a large amount of fat. - fatty tissue - found inside the hollow middle section of the long bones - made mainly of fat cells + Bone marrow, Marrow types: Bones * There are two types of bone marrow. Red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells are created by red marrow. Yellow marrow is made mainly of fat cells. Both types of bone marrow contain many blood vessels and capillaries.<\|endoftext\|>### bone tissue: Compact bone * Most compact bones have characteristics - physical characteristics * Some compact bones have canals. * are bone tissue. * have blood cells inside or outside the matrix - follow characteristics * is added to create bone tissue that is similar to the original, unbroken bone - composed of tubular units called Haversian systems - dense and homogeneous and forms the walls of bone - dense, hard, and forms the protective exterior portion of all bones - denser and has fewer spaces than spongy bone - smooth and dense - the hard material under the periosteum - very strong and dense, having no spaces within it other than the Haversian canals * lies over spongy bone and composes most of the bone tissue of the diaphysis - makes up most of the diaphysis * makes up the dense outer layer of bone - shaft of a long bone<\|endoftext\|>### bone tissue: Spongy bone * Most spongy bones contain marrow * Some spongy bones are covered by layers - form inner layers * appears porous, has less bone matrix and more space than compact bone. * consists of bars, spicules or trabeculae, which forms a lattice meshwork - trabeculae with numerous red marrow-filled spaces * fills the expanded ends of long bones. * forms the inner layer. * has many spaces between bony struts. * is deep to compact bone - found in the ends of long bones such as the femur * is found inside many long bones - the epiphysis, and is less compact than compact bone - strong yet decreases the weight of the skeleton * makes up the inner portion and is less dense, softer, and weaker. * occurs at the ends of bones and has bony bars and plates separated by irregular spaces - long bones and is less dense than compact bone - in most bones Bonfire * Some bonfires also have an effigy of a witch on a broomstick on top of the fire. * are burning - dangerous, especially during midsummer when forests are dry * can quickly rage out of control. * is fire * play a part in many customs all over the world. Booker * are agents. * is an agent ### books: Address book * are books. * are located in cabinets - desks - suitcases * can store e-mail addresses as well as Internet addresses. Aleph * are books - letters * multi threaded functional programming language with dynamic symbol bindings. Atonement * changes our relationship with other people. * covers our souls with the blood of a sacrifice. * implies forgiveness at the individual and societal level. * is books - damage - salvation * works all the time and in all the dimensions of time. Blue moon - long time * is long time - the second full moon when two full moons occur in the same month * mean simply that two full moons occur within the same calendar month. * refers to the second full moon in a given calendar month.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### books: Northern light * are a typical and well-known phenomenon of the high latitude ionosphere - common in Lapland * can be incredibly bright, multi-hued and fast moving. + Finland, Nature and weather: European Union member states :: Nordic countries * The weather in Finland varies a lot by the season. Autumns are dark and rainy. Northern lights are common in Lapland. Selfish gene * are books. * ensure that cruelty, pain, malaise are endemic to the living world - pain, malaise and cruelty are endemic to the living world ### books \| treatise: Legal treatise * are textbooks written by lawyers for lawyers. * explain and analyze the law of a particular subject.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### booming industry: Aquaculture * Provides research information in aquaculture management. * See how aquaculture has increased demand for U.S. soybeans. * also implies some form of private property ownership over the species being cultured - includes the production of freshwater and marine pearls - limits wild fish populations because it uses their habitat - shows a trend towards the use of technology * are cultivation. * based on spawning in captivity is present, but rather limited. * booming industry. * boosts urchin roe production. * can also help revive a Canadian way of life. * can be a clean form of economic development - more than just fish farming - both provide alternatives and help meet current demands for marine products - harm the environment - take place in water that is still or in running water, fresh or salt * competes with agriculture for land, water, and feed. * continues to be one of Australia s fastest-growing primary industries. * dates back well into history. * fast emerging domestic industry responding to the expanding demand for seafood - growing industry in the State * form of agriculture. * has an important role in fisheries. * includes catfish farming, baitfish farming and exotic fish raising - research on the development of individual organisms and their environment - restocking the ocean through fingerling programs or open ocean mariculture - shrimp, fish, and shellfish, but also microalgae - the cultivation of food and ornamental plants and animals * involves the managed growth of aquatic animals under controlled conditions. * is an altermative solution to meet the public's needs - established and viable commercial agricultural practice in many states - expanding source of food - industry that is forever changing and improving - another term for farming fish - being the controlled cultivation of aquatic plants and animals - big business in Florida, raising both fish and aquatic plants - contemplated as an alternative to conventional fishing - dependent on the availability of suitable sites and infrastructure for development - divided into a number of specialties, some of which overlap - fish farming, agriculture's fastest growing area - included in the integrated farming system approach, the VAC system - increasingly important in meeting consumer demands for edible fish - more than just raising fish, though - of growing importance worldwide - often the cause of even more disruption to the environment * is one example of where the Internet is used to serve our customers - of Australia's fastest growing primary industries * is one of the fastest growing areas of agriculture - food production activities in the world - forms of animal agriculture - industries in the United States - sectors of food production - segments of agriculture in the United States - fastest-growing food production activities in the world - high potential development areas for low-temperature geothermal resources - way to supplement the wild harvest - particularly important to Temperate Asia * is recognized as an important way to meet future demands - one of the most efficient methods of food production - worldwide as fish and aquatic plant farming - regarded as one possible solution to the world's food supply problems * is seen as a critical component in the diversification of the Vancouver Island economy - major element in the expansion of the Kingdom's fishing industry - still a developing industry * is the aquatic counterpart of agriculture, with water substituting for land - business of farming aquatic plants and animals - controlled cultivation and harvest of aquatic animals and plants - cultivation of aquatic animals or plants in a managed environment * is the farming of fish under environmentally controlled conditions - fish, shellfish and aquatic plants in fresh, brackish or salt water - marine and freshwater species in captivity - fastest growing form of agriculture in the United States * is the fastest growing segment of American agriculture - the U.S. agriculture - fastest-growing segment of the U.S. agricultural economy * is the practice of raising fish or shellfish - food in water - production of aquatic species -vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants * is the rearing of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions - under controlled or semi-controlled conditions - wave of the future - world s fastest growing food production system - thought to have huge potential, with big plans for both shrimp and tilapia - used to increase productivity * major growth industry. * now produces one-quarter of the seafood consumed worldwide. * often uses feed derived from fish caught specifically for fish-meal production. * prime source for quality seafood and growing industry. * produces tuna, mussels, oysters, trout. * promises to be the primary means of increasing fish production. * provides opportunities for many small businesses. * puts birds at risk, too. * refers to the farming or production of aquatic organisms, both plant and animal. * relatively young agricultural industry. * remains a new frontier, particularly in the tropics where fish grow fastest. * shares the shorelines with beaches. * unique industry based on new technologies. * wide open area.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### booming industry \| aquaculture: Coastal aquaculture * Some coastal aquaculture practices permanency alter natural habitats. * is also heavily dependent on the coastal area for space and resources - one of Australia's fastest-growing primary industries<\|endoftext\|>Boot * Some boots are held on with 'bootstraps' or 'bootlaces' - come with heat packs or Velcro straps or the ability to change the angle of the ankle - have very pointy toes, others have very boxy toes, others have very rounded toes * also decrease the risk of bites. * are a niche within the larger footwear industry - compartments * are located in closets - foots - moves - part of cars - recruits - removes - shells - shoes - startups - the single most important piece of equipment or clothing - torture - used for walking * cause a desire to hikes. * do protect the bottom of the feet when stepping on sharp-edged rocks. * dry over night, plants take years to recover. * have sides. * includes half soles - heel counters - heels - sections - shoe collars - toe boxes * offer protection. * provide good traction * tend to soften, light bulbs dry out and stick, sometimes breaking off. * usually come with buckles, laces, or zippers. + Footwear, Types of Footwear * Boots are higher and larger than shoes and sandals. * A 'boot' is a type of footwear that protects the foot and ankle. Boots are higher and larger than shoes and sandals. Some boots are held on with 'bootstraps' or 'bootlaces'. Some also have 'spats' or 'gaiters' to keep water out. Most have a very strong 'boot sole', the bottom part of a boot. + Wakeboarding, Characteristics of equipment, Boots: Water sports * Boots have an important role, because they are responsible of control and performance of the surfer. Then, they have to be the most comfortable as possible. ### boot: Ankle boot * Most ankle boots have sides. * look slightly awkward with skirts, and tend to shorten the leg. Hard boot * are mainly for racing, for big carving moves. * give better precision and control and are used for alpine boarding or racing. * provide greater ankle support and increased control and are worn primarily by racers - control, and are primarily worn by racers Jodhpur * has extreme type of climate with temperature range variation being very high. * is an important marketplace for wool and agricultural products, and has a domestic airport. * small, active city located on the edge of the great western desert.<\|endoftext\|>### boot: Protective boot * can help prevent splints. + Duke Nukem 3D, Structure, Weapons and equipment: 1996 video games :: Windows games :: PlayStation games :: Xbox 360 Live Arcade games * Aside from weapons, Nukem can also find 'medkits' to heal himself whenever the player chooses. Steroids make the player move faster, as well as removing the effects of the shrink-ray. Nightvision goggles allow players to see enemies in the dark. Protective boots allow the player to cross dangerously hot or toxic floors. One of the favorite items is the jetpack which allows the player to fly up in the sky, often to reach hidden weapons or extra health. Many of the secret items such as the jetpack, the scuba gear and the night vision goggles only last for a short time. Weapons also have a limited number of ammunition. Rain boot * protect a person 's feet from water and rain. + Boot, Types of boots: Footwear + Footwear, Types of Footwear * Rain boots protect a person's feet from water and rain. People who work on fishing boats and farmers wear rubber boots to keep their feet dry. People who work in chemical factories wear rubber boots to protect their feet from dangerous chemicals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### boot: Rubber boot * are boots - used in rainy day - very useful for birdwatching in tidal flats or on reclaimed land * give traction and protect the feet. * limit exposure to chemicals and provide improved traction on slippery surfaces. * protect against corrosive chemicals and provide traction. + Shoe: Footwear * Leather shoes are formal shoes. There are worn in business and ceremonial functions. There are also worn for fushion. Slippers are a kind of indoor shoe. They are often worn when it is cold. Rubber boots are used in rainy day. The shoes with a high heel which women wear are called pumps.<\|endoftext\|>### boot: Ski boot * Most ski boots run in sizes based on European standards. * are boots - connected to skis by ski bindings - made to connect to the ski at the heel and toe - very difficult to walk in * have mechanical characteristics that can impose things on a skier. * keep the feet of skiers warm. + Para-alpine skiing, Equipment: Skiing * Skiers also wear special boots, helmets, ski suits, and goggles. Ski equipment cannot have advertisements on it at the Paralympic Games. Ski boots are made to connect to the ski at the heel and toe. They help support the foot and ankle with the use of materials like hard plastics. All helmets used in races must be hard-shell helmets. * Ski boots' are boots people wear when skiing. They cover the ankle and are rigid. Ski boots are connected to skis by ski bindings. They are made from synthetic materials. Ski boots keep the feet of skiers warm.<\|endoftext\|>### boot: Work boot * Some work boots have a flat piece of steel in the sole to protect the foot from sharp nails. + Boot, Types of boots: Footwear + Footwear, Types of Footwear * Work boots often have a steel toe cover to protect the person's toes. Work boots are usually made of strong leather, to protect the person's foot from sharp objects or dangerous chemicals. Some work boots have a flat piece of steel in the sole to protect the foot from sharp nails. Many countries require construction workers to wear work boots when they are on a construction site. Bore * Some bores have more cattle than others. * are diameters - excavation * includes sections. Boron compound * are also effective flame retardants - extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses - replaced by chlorine and enzymes in detergents * are used as fertilizers in agriculture and in sodium perborate bleaches - to produce borosilicate glass	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### botanical rodenticide: Strychnine * acts more quickly than zinc phosphide - rapidly and gophers sometimes die within an hour after consuming a lethal dose - very rapidly and gophers sometimes die within an hour after consuming a lethal dose * also has no known therapeutic value. * are alkaloids - chemical compounds. * has few uses today. It can act as a stimulant, much like caffeine, and is on the list of substances tested for doping in sports. Performance-enhancing substances in sport and exercise' * blocks binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary neurons - the receptors of inhibitory circuits within the spinal reflex systems * botanical rodenticide. * causes muscular convulsions - violent convulsions and painful muscle contractions before the animal dies * chemical used in rat poison and is easily separated from the rest of the chemicals. * commonly used rodenticide. * competes with the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine resulting in an excitatory state. * excites the nervous system and binds to the glycine receptor. * fast-acting poison that is toxic to most mammals and birds. * is an alkaloid - considered a restricted-use pesticide * is highly toxic to most domestic animals - toxic, and was formerly used in pest control - now ok, as is the coating of fruits and produce - one of the most bitter substances known - still in limited use today as a bird, mammal, and insect control agent * is the most common poison used - popular stimulant - poison generally used - transported by plasma and erythrocytes - used against mice, foxes and on dingo traps * is used as a pesticide * natural product. * neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of glycine and acetylcholine receptors. * tears down the spinal cord. + Strychnine, Poisoning: Poisons :: Chemical compounds :: Toxicology * Strychnine causes muscular convulsions. It leads to death through asphyxia or exhaustion. The most common source is from the seeds of the 'Strychnos nux vomica' tree. Strychnine is one of the most bitter substances known. Its taste is detectable in concentrations as low as 1 ppm. Bottleneck * are a major concern because they reduce genetic diversity in endangered species - congestion - parts - unlikely to lead to adaptive traits such as long necks in giraffes * occur as a result of the fixed bandwidth on a specific network interface. ### bottles: Plastic bottle * Most plastic bottles fill with salt water * are bottles - plastic containers - the fastest growing type of bottle and can waste * can leach chemicals into the water it contains. * contain plasticizers that contaminate the sample. * keep beer colder longer than aluminum cans. ### bottom-line, cutthroat business: College basketball * bottom-line, cutthroat business. * is all about the name on the front of the jersey - filled with good teams with good records - supposed to be about student-athletes * point guard dominated game.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### bourgeois prejudice: Free speech * bourgeois prejudice. * central tenet of a free and democratic society. * comes in many forms. * concept that is rooted in liberal romanism. * exists on the same undefinable level as morality itself. * great source of pride in the United States. * has the same constitutional status as the right to a fair trial. * is about government censorship - open communication, the communication of ideas to others - the exchange of ideas - abused when it is claimed as a shield to avoid responsibility for unlawful acts * is an act of desperation - example of negative liberty - as intrinsic to a democratic society as it is to our own livelihoods - based on private ownership of property - both free trade and free gifts - essential to the exchange of diverse ideas - free speech - merely one part of a general freedom to express oneself - most arguably the right most essential to democratic government - one of our most fundamental and cherished rights - perhaps the most fundamental of all freedoms because it gives rise to other freedoms * is the basis of any democracy - bottom line for democratic representation - condition of the perfection of democracy - cornerstone of liberty - expression by one or more people intended to be sensed by one or more people - foundation of a tolerant society - grease that allows that flow - lifeblood of a consenting people * is the most fundamental of our civil liberties, and also the most vulnerable - lasting legacy of reform in Russia - safeguard of all our other freedoms * kills totalitarianism. * means free speech for popular ideas as well as for unpopular ones - occasionally listening to something that offends - the right to shout 'theatre' in a crowded fire * problem to tyrants. * right enforced only against the activities of federal, state, or local governments - shared by two individuals simultaneously<\|endoftext\|>### bowling: Bocce * competitive game of skill. * game in which colored balls are rolled down a flat, rectangular course - players roll large colored balls down a flat, rectangular course - of skill and strategy * is an Italian game similar to lawn bowling. * is played at various levels of competition in almost every country in the world - between two players or two teams of up to four players on a team - in a manner similar to lawn bowling, ninepins or skittles - on a level surface - with eight large balls and one smaller target ball called the pallino or jack * is the Italian version of Boule - direct ancestor of such games as bowling, lawn bowling, duck pins and candle pins * social game. * type of bowling, where players try to get their ball closest to the marker.<\|endoftext\|>### bows: Scrape * Use warm water and mild soap to gently clean scrapped skin. * are a source of advertising within the whitetail world - built by many plovers, terns, skimmers, and penguins - circular, pawed areas on the ground made during fall and winter - complex signposts that attract all deer - usually painful due to the exposure of nerve endings located just under the skin * is bows - noise * serve much the same function to deer as a fire hydrant or mail box does in the dog world. * stingers the skin with a blunt instrument or plastic card.<\|endoftext\|>### boxing: Fight * are boxing - conflict - controversy - dangerous activities - part of ice hockeys * can happen between males during the mating season. * frequently occur between males when their broods are threatened. * have violence. + Common toad, Behaviour, Reproduction: Toads * The males arrive first and stay for several weeks. The females only stay long enough to mate and spawn. Rather than fighting for the right to mate with a female, male toads use the pitch of their voice. Croaking gives a sign of body size and prowess. Fights do sometimes happen. Male toads outnumber female toads at breeding ponds.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### boxing \| spar: Moonstone * are feldspars - minerals - pearly white to gray and peach to chocolate brown with a flat box-like shape * come in a variety of colors. * exhibit a beautiful phenomenal effect as the stone is turned in light. * helps to create emotional balance. * is protective of women and nature, and sacred stone of the moon goddess - the gemstone of feeling and emotion * meditation stone which stimulates, knowing, understanding and appreciation. * reflects light in a irridescent sheen called called adularescence. * shows a glowing shimmer similar to labradorescence, but lacking in color. - that brings hope * tends to be silver, pale green, pale blue, or creamy colored.<\|endoftext\|>### boxing \| spar: Plagioclase * Some plagioclases show a zoned pattern because the cooling of the magma was rapid. * begins to crystallize. * common mineral in many volcanic rocks - on Earth and one of rather low specific gravity * feldspars Most of lunar feldspars belong to the plagioclases family - lack potassium, are light colored and are usually striated * has low relief and synthetic twining. * is abundant as coarser phenocrysts and as very fine-grained laths in the matrix - large crystals - altered to illite and biotite to chlorite - common in phenocrysts, but it can also occur in the matrix along with the pyroxenes - concentrated in igneous rocks from the oceanic crust - found as very small microcrystalline interstitial patches - interstitial to other grains - often lighter than basaltic magmas from which they crystallize * is the common feldspar found in intermediate to mafic silicate rocks - liquidus phase in the three investigated systems, followed by the magnetite * is the most abundant mineral in both facies - common phase, but most of the lavas are classified as aphyric * member of the feldspar mineral family. * occurs as tiny, needle-like microlites. * phenocrysts in basaltic glass show hopper-car, boxy, and acicular habits. Satin spar * fibrous form of gypsum with a silky luster. * is fibrous in appearance, has a satiny luster, and forms thin discontinuous layers - the variety name for masses of extremely fine, needle-like, parallel gypsum crystals ### boxs: Cardboard box * are boxs - casings * are located in garages - houses - post offices - trash - warehouses * attract insect pests, which in turn attract spiders. * come in a wide range of sizes. * contain pictures, papers and other household items. ### boys: Schoolboy * Any schoolboy can discern the similarities between humans and monkey-type mammals. * are boys - male children - school children - schoolchilds * like to draw funny teeth on pictures of people whom they disfavor. Bracelet * Most bracelets use four colors. * Some bracelets protect individuals. * are all expandable, with narrow cords of elastic - jewelry - located in jewelry stores * come in all styles, shapes, materials and embellishments - either wood or small plastic beads also * have magnets imbedded in each link. * includes sections. Brachycephaly * is quality * refers to a broad skull with a short base and a recessed lower forehead. ### bracing: Railroad tie * are food. * make good foundation timbers because they are strong and are treated to resist decay. Brahman * are aristocrats - intermediate in size among beef breeds found in the United States * die of excessive eating. * refers to the priestly caste, who spoke spells and performed rituals. * resides in the human soul and becomes it. Brahmin * are castes - the highest level of India's multi-leveled caste system * produce fertilizer and improve crop yield. ### branches: Bicycle accident * More bicycle accidents occur on sidewalks than in the street. * are branches. * can happen to anyone, anytime and anywhere.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Brand * Many brands contain glycerine - small amounts of alcohol - have vents that are so tiny they are invisible to the naked eye * Some brand s also contain substances called additives. * Some brands are used at the rate of one per animal - very high in fat * Some brands contain excessive levels of lead - more fat and calories than others - vitamins, herbs, and other compounds * Some brands have a tar content equivalent to tobacco cigarettes - products that are self-extinquishing - promote an image that is influenced by sport, music or youth culture * are a currency within a social system - assets with value - cities - firewoods - kinds - markers - mountains - relationships and experiences that customers have with products and companies - the richest currency on the Internet * exist because of the way people make decisions. * is cognitive shorthand that helps customers make decisions in a crowded marketplace - something very specific that the consumer produces * mixture of ideas, propositions, personality, vision and values. ### brand: Brand loyalty * comes from meeting and shaping customer expectations through experience over time. * is on the decline among all age groups. Brand recognition * is the degree to which consumers recognize a company's brand name - what the Internet companies want to achieve * key in successfully advertising a product or service. * occurs when a. the product has become familiar to the consumer. ### breakdowns: Engine failure * are also relatively rare with jet propulsion systems. * is breakdowns - failure Breakthrough * are discoveries - events - penetrations * happen to people who take a positive attitude toward change. * lead to progress. * occur when people perceive a larger responsibility for their work. ### breakthrough: Scientific breakthrough * Most scientific breakthroughs including cloning come about through a process of accretion. * can allow an industry to convert to entirely new operating processes. * start when somebody sees the world in a different way.<\|endoftext\|>### breaths: Bad breath * Most bad breath is caused by bacteria in the mouth - bacteria on or around the mouth - decaying bacteria and tissue cells in the mouth - garlic that has lodged in the teeth * are breaths. * can be a sign of gum disease - often be a warning sign of periodontal disease or respiratory infection * caused by chewing tobacco is socially unacceptable and offensive. * common pet odor complaint - problem with dogs * is almost always secondary to periodontal disease. * is also common once ketosis occurs - normal and is caused by the scabs that form after surgery * is caused by bacteria which live on our teeth and gums - the millions of bacteria which inhabit our mouth - tiny bacteria living on the back of tongues and throats - due to improper brushing, accumulated food particles, and pungent bacteria - normal for all dogs * is often a sign of unhealthy teeth and gums - the first warning sign of inadequate oral health care - one of worst medical problem people are suffering all over the world - usually a good indication that normal bacteria levels are low * is worst when there is little or no saliva flow, for example after a night's sleep * problem that affects children, adolescents and adults all over the world. * signals an increased bacterial activity in the mouth, and warns of dental disease. * very common effect of periodontal disease. ### breezes: Land breeze * Most land breezes occur in regions - temperate regions * Some land breezes occur at nights. * are breezes - the flow of the air from the land to the sea - wind currents that blow from land towards the bodies of water * penetrate atmospheres - marine atmospheres * tend to be much weaker than sea breezes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Brick * Most bricks have density - layers - mass - outer layers * Most bricks have rigid layers - same shapes - square shapes * Some bricks absorb water. * Some bricks are made of crude mud - more prone to spalling than others. * are made of clay. Bricks are either formed into molds or cut with wires, and then baked in an oven. The color of a brick depends on the color of the clay from which it was made * act as good insulators * are absorbent and can hold stains - also a commercial alternative to home-grown rocks and they too come in many colors - blocks - building materials - capable of wall gardens - ceramic materials made by baking moulded clay - construction materials - easier to work with than concrete, and can be laid in many beautiful patterns - easy to make, because they are simple - heavies - insects * are located in buildings - roofs - part of brick walls * are the most common construction material for rural houses - oldest manufactured building material still in use - weapon of choice when it comes to vandalism * are used for buildings - constructs - very strong in compression * can also vary greatly in hardness due to the manufacturing process. * chimneys hide a system that circulates air in and out of the building every six minutes. * come in all different shapes, sizes, and colors. * eventually disintegrate in water and can jam plumbing lines. * expands and contracts with freezing and heating conditions. * fall to earth because their natural state is to be at rest on the earth's surface. - the potential of being the nicest looking material to use for construction * includes sections. * is ceramic * provide excellent water retention * seem to float in the air, as gaps remain where mortar used to be. * tend to disintegrate in the water and can damage plumbing. ### bridges: Arch bridge * are bridges - one of the oldest types of bridges and have great natural strength - structure sin which each span forms an arch * touch the ground at points called abutments. Briefcase * are baggage - boxs - cases * are located in airports - courtrooms - desks - hands - office buildings - office products * tend to be very personal items for some people, very much a part of their lives. Bright object * can tolerate more magnification before too much light is lost. * have more negative magnitudes than faint objects. ### bright orange crystal: Sodium dichromate * bright orange crystal. * is salt Brightness * Most brightness depends on size. * Some brightness changes over time. * Some brightness varies over few years * adjusts the level of brightness for video playback. * cans have impact. * depends on locations * has effects. * is light * varies over periods. ### brightness: Apparent brightness * Most apparent brightness depends on locations. * decreases with the square of the distance. * falls off as the inverse square of the distance.<\|endoftext\|>### brightness: Flash * Many flashes have a red-eye reduction feature. * Most flashes cause light - generate a quick burst of light at a certain color temperature - originate in clouds * are experience - happening - insight - lamps - patchs - sensations of light, when no light is really there * are used for flashs * drying continuous process with the dryer being either directly or indirectly fired. * is an occurrence * occur when the vitreous gel rubs or pulls on the retina - shrinks and pulls on the retina - tugs on the sensitive retina tissue ### brightness \| flash: Electronic flash * can freeze action and increases depth of field. * draw a lot of current in a short time. * is artificial lighting produced by an electronic discharge in a gas filled tube. * produces clear images of vehicles under all light and weather conditions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### brightness \| flash: Flash flooding * can also occur when a dam suddenly breaks - be a very localized event occurring from one thunderstorm - bog down movement - cause the deep arroyos or deposition of sediment on flooded lands - close a road within minutes * can occur after a hurricane has passed - anywhere in the state - downstream when the ice or debris are suddenly released - due to intense rainfall - even in small streams - in areas of low flood potential - suddenly with little or no lead time * is likely in many locations where the heaviest rains falls - often the result with the more serious ice jams - possible when persistent heavy rains fall on frozen ground - rare from autumn into early spring * is the number one cause of weather-related deaths in Texas - thunderstorm killer - top weather-related killer, ahead of earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes - triggered in several ways * occurs very quickly and is always life threatening - within six hours of a rain event Light flash * are bright and of very short duration. * occur in all three conditions. * refer to the false sensation that light is flashing into the eye. Lightning flash * Many lightning flashes can strike one place in multiple succession in a few weeks. * are plasmas, so are neon and fluorescent lights. Weld flash * fire hazard and requires that any flammable substances be properly protected. * is also an abrasive. Iridescence * common phenomenon on cooked, sliced ham. * includes traits such as orient, play of color and labradorescence. * is another diffraction phenomena - optic which is very pleasing to the eye - caused by the reflection of light from the jewel - explained by assuming that light wave * occurs from the interference of light reflecting off the multiple layers. Luster * are metal-based transparent overglazes available in rainbow colors. * is glazes. Opalescence * includes iridescence, but upon a base of whiteness. * is brightness Scintillation - brilliance - expressed as the index g on a logarithmic scale - fluctuations - greater for bright stars that are low on the horizon - light * is the flashes of light when the diamond, light, or the observer moves - giving off of visible light after interaction with radiation * refers to small spatial variations in the refractive index of the atmosphere. * tends to be a highly localized effect. Sky brightness * can vary substantially during the night and with season. * is in percent relative to a perfect Lambertian surface. * limits the faintest objects that can be studied. Sparkle * are expression - software - vitality * is vitality	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### brisk dog sport: Agility * brisk dog sport. * canine obstacle, a sport for dogs - sport that tests a dog's natural athleticism through an obstacle course * comes from stretching and bending - sung and comes when one is calm and quiet * fast paced sport and lot of fun to watch and to participate in. * fitting sport for a dog that likes the speed of boats and jet skis. * fun sport for both Beardies and their owners * fun, competitive sport testing for speed and accuracy of handler and dog. * helps to build confidence in young or shy dogs - focus an athletic dog's energies in a positive way * is as much a mental quality as a physical one - defined in terms of agile determinants, agile dimensions, and agile characteristics - designed to help ease tired, aching muscles - essential to success in the current business world - gracefulness - gross motor control - important for defense, control, and restraint of hostile inmates - key in today's economy - like falling in love with change - particularly good for dogs with a shy temperament, as they gain confidence so quickly - similar to show jumping but on a smaller scale with dogs * is the ability of friendly forces to act faster than the enemy - to change direction quickly without loss of speed or control * is the ability to change directions quickly while maintaining good balance - while maintaining balance, body control, and speed - speed and direction rapidly without losing balance - maintain balance and speed while making directional changes - quickly and efficiently change body position and direction - deliberate, strategic response for survival in today's market conditions - fastest-growing canine sport in the United States - most underdeveloped area in athletics * means readily able to move quickly and easily, lightness and swiftness of action. * measure which concerns the ability to adapt to varying situations. * new dog sport enjoyed by all who try it. * relatively new and exciting sport for dogs. * sport in which dogs traverse a maze of obstacles and compete for speed and accuracy. * strenuous sport for dog and handler. * team sport. ### brisk dog sport \| agility: Dog agility * challenging physical sport for both dog and handler. * rapidly growing sport.<\|endoftext\|>### british political tradition: Evolutionary change * All evolutionary changes depend upon changes within populations. * British political tradition. * Some evolutionary change occurs without selection, by random genetic drift. * appear to be like the growth of a bush. * are the product of evolutionary forces acting on genetic variation. * is also a change in gene frequency - brought about by natural selection - fueled by genetic diversity and fluctuating environments * occurs very slowly, and ecosystems are very old indeed. * reflect the response of the collection of organisms to their environment. * take place slowly, resulting in relatively stable structures. ### british tabloids: British tabloid * are British tabloids. * call the disease ''meat-eating'' because it targets flesh and muscle tissue.<\|endoftext\|>Brittle ceramic tile * Ceramic tile brittle material - can be cold if there is cold air beneath it * Ceramic tile is best in a neutral color - clay that's been hardened by fire - extremely heavy and difficult to transport - made from clay, marble, slate, glass, or flint - the least outgassing of all man-made materials - offers a variety of shapes, colors and patterns - popular material requested by home owners - reflects the room temperature and holds on to that temperature for a long time - versatile material, which works well in all kinds of situations in a home * Ceramic tiles are durable and waterproof and come in a variety of colors, shapes, and textures * Most ceramic tiles have color that just sits on the surface.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### broad based industry: Packaging * affects ease of storage and ease of use. * are commercial enterprises - loadings - materials - storings * broad based industry. * can also play an important role in a product's commercial success. * exists to service man's needs for food and trade. * growing work area in the food industry. * is also a part of the manufacturing process - something to think about when making school lunches - determined by medium, size, condition, number of items and mode of transportation - free of heavy metals, halogenated polymers, and ozone-depleting substances - inevitable in each and every industry in the world * is one of the major sources of waste paper and plastics - type of advertising for products - performed under vacuum in normal and modified atmospheres * is the essential component in the safe transport of dangerous goods by air - latest trend in marketing to leisure travelers * is the nation's third largest industry, and it is growing - with a growing future - process by which risk trade-offs can be accomplished - second largest use of aluminum, behind transportation products - used when referring to retail sale while packing is for shipping purposes * large, international industry, an extremely dynamic, rapidly growing field. * makes up nearly one-third of the municipal waste stream in the United States. * offers a critical component of food safety by preventing contamination from pathogens. * physical barrier to cross contamination. * plays a central role in promoting the appeal of tobacco to first time users - very important role in the protection of the product * refers to multi-chip module construction, boards, cooling, etc. * refers to the presentation of goods or services - use of a software application to securely encrypt digital media * represents much of the developed world's solid municipal waste.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### broad object-oriented term: Polymorphism * Greek word meaning many forms. * allows a type to have many behaviors - different types of objects to behave differently - free choice of the type of states, messages, and object data - old code to implement functionality by calling new code - overloading on the name of an operator - programs to similarly process different objects of the same superclass - the substitution of different solvers that handle the same type of physics * are differences in a specific gene. * is common in nature. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. * broad object-oriented term. * can also be a factor in suspension technology - extend beyond pure symmetry content * consists of two root words, poly and morph. * describes the property where a single method can be used on multiple data types. * is achieved through inheritance - also information hiding * is an analogous phenomenon observed in chemical compounds - often-misunderstood concept within the developer community - another building block of object oriented programming - at the very heart of, and clearly fundamental to, component-orientation * is common and most groups exhibit an alternation of generations * is implemented by ordinary function overloading, since objects are ordinary arguments - using virtual functions - important for reusing code modularly * is one of the most important concepts in object-oriented programming - underlying principles of object orientation - powerful mechanism for genericity - related to inheritance * is the ability of one object to be treated, or used, like another - existence of more than one crystal form in a fat - useful in modeling several common situatoins - very important - leaves are thin, bright and light green * is, as has been discussed before , a typical feature of cultivars. * means that a class can do the same thing in different ways - objects of different classes can be used interchangeably * means the ability to take several forms - occurrence of different forms, stages or types - using a superclass variable to refer to a subclass object * natural phenomenon * occurs in all species and the mandibles bear four teeth. * only applies to specific sets of methods. * refers to the DNA sequence variation between individuals of a species - occurrence of more than one method in the same class with the same mane * uses date and time of infection.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### broad term: Objectivity * also way to avoid responsibility for results of one's actions. * broad term. * complete and utter illusion in history. * database that allows data to be stored as objects - for storage of data stored as objects * encompasses impartial unbiased interpretation or analysis. * is acquired by the production of evidence and reasoning - all too quickly synonymous to detachment, rationalism or absolute truth * is an attainable idea for the media - invaluable characteristic for any person wishing to position their product - ascribed to the subjective time - extremely important in clinical research - farces - in the eye of the beholder - judgment - the result of beliefs that are mistaken for reality * lends authority to officials who have very little of their own. * lies at the heart of science. * means ignoring what it is like, and even that it is like anything, to be something - trying to give all sides a hearing * refers to the ability of maintaining an impartial attitude to all matters under review. * And they make great use of interviews and opinion columns, which we can not. The current Encyc Brit is completely transformed from its stuffy predecessors. None of this has to do with objectivity. It's a mistake to think that the passive voice is more objective than the active voice. Objectivity is acquired by the production of evidence and reasoning. My argument is, because we are on an informal medium, and addressing people of limited linguistic capability, the friendlier our style the better. * state of mind, a quality that lends value to a member's performance. * thorny problem when it comes to interpreting ancient sources. ### broadcast: Newscast * are broadcasts - news * is news<\|endoftext\|>Brood * Some brood habitats consist of grass. * Some broods are found only in small areas - succumb completely, and nearly half the ducklings are lost from remaining broods * are animal groups - films - immature fire ants - potential incipient species, isolated in time because the adults never meet * are the eggs, larvae and pupae - larval and pupal stages of the ant * hide in emergent vegetation, especially when young. * is an animal group * often combine to form large groups. * overlap most of the time, so dog day cicadas can be seen annually in Ohio. * overlap, with all life stages present during the breeding season. * prefer larger bodies of water, with deep channels for escape. * rearing only begins in earnest when the weather begins to be warm for lengthy periods. * remain in the tee overwintering mainly as adults - tree and overwinter mainly as adult beetles, but also as larvae ### brown algae: Bladderwrack * contains alginate - natural iodine to promote a healthy thyroid * extract from seaweed helps fight water retention and reduce cellulite. * helps normalize the thyroid gland and aids in combating obesity. * is brown algae<\|endoftext\|>### brown algae: Giant kelp * Most giant kelp grows in water. * can grow a foot a day, sometimes two. * forms undersea forests in the cool waters of many of the world's oceans. * grows from tiny cells, called spores. * grows in cool coastal waters where sunlight can go down to a rocky sea floor * is one of the world's fastest growing plants - particularly sensitive to changes in climate that alter wave and nutrient conditions * is the main food source of abalone - tallest of all the underwater plants * provides one of the most important habitats along the Pacific coast. * rises to the distant surface. ### brown powder: Amorphous boron * brown powder. * is used as a melting point depressant in nickel-chromium braze alloys - for fireworks and also in rockets as an igniter * provides a green color in pyrotechnic devices.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Bryophyte * All bryophytes can absorb water through the entire body surface - reproduce vegetatively, as well as sexually - have a sporic life cycle that is oogamous * Many Bryophytes are highly specialized, and found in restricted habitats - bryophytes produce gemmae * Most bryophytes absorb nutrients. * Most bryophytes are capable of vegetative propagation - small in size and grow in clusters forming cookie cutter shapes * Most bryophytes have nuclei - organs - structural features * Most bryophytes have various features - live in moist habitats on land, although many actually live in the water * Some bryophytes do have specialized tissues for the transport of water. * Some bryophytes grow exclusively in dark, damp environments in order to provide moisture - in lawns * Some bryophytes have gametophyte stages - rhizoids * Some bryophytes lack tissue - vascular tissue - make food * Some bryophytes produce compounds - relate compounds - require water * also prefer living in shady places such as ravines and forest. * are a group of plants made up of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts - type of pollen grain - among the simplest of the terrestrial plants - an important type of plant and include liverworts, some mosses and hornworts * are anchored by tubular cells or filaments of cells, called rhizoids - vascular roots - believed to be the earliest type of terrestrial plants - considered as the amphibians of the plant kingdom - desiccation tolerant - distributed throughout the world, from polar and alpine regions to the tropics - ecologically important as ground cover in bogs - examples of haploid-dominant organisms - fungi and they are the most common moss that people think of - good nest-making material for birds - green plants that lack a specialized vascular or conductive system - however abundant and thrive in the humid and cool conditions - known as the non- vascular plant since the xylem and phloem is absent - low-growing because they lack vascular tissue - most abundant in climates that are constantly humid and equable - non-vascular plants that live in damp places - nonvascular plants - plants that lack specialized tissues for the transport of water - relatively small plants since they lack a vascular system to transport water - seedless plants without specialized water-conducting tissues - simple plants with few specialized organs and tissues - small in size and require water outside the plant for reproduction * are small, inconspicuous, simple, and seem poorly adapted - nonvascular plants that first evolved approx - thalloid organisms with simple multicellular body * are the earliest multicellular plant pioneers - group of plants that are the closest extant relative of early terrestrial plants - plants growing in moist and shady places - second largest group of green land plants * are very old land plants - similar to each other and fundamentally similar to flowering plants * belong to a primitive group of plants. * can reproduce vegetatively in various ways. * do have chlorophyll and conduct photosynthesis. * form a division of the plant kingdom and include liverworts, mosses and hornworts. * generally are photosynthetic, having chlorophyll to transform sunlight into energy - have much wider geographic ranges than vascular plants * have a dominant gametophyte and a dependent sporophyte - unique life cycle in the plant community - a. true roots, stems, and leaves - many ingenious mechanisms to assist in dispersal of their spores - very simple seeds - xylem and phloem a * include moss. * includes cell membranes - corpi - cytoplasm - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is an organism * lack an endodermis and they are unable to maintain large aerial systems - vascular tissue and are short in size - vessels * live in moist areas. * occur in all types of environments, except salt water. * provide many ecological and economic benefits. * reproduce both asexually and sexually. * show a wealth of adaptive features to all kinds of climates, substrates and habitats. * survive on bare rock in arctic conditions under low light levels as epiphytes. * thus prefer moist and shaded habitats where a thin film of water is available. * undergo alternation of generations.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### bryophyte: Liverwort * All liverworts exhibit the basic alternation of generations - have prostrate as opposed to an upright growth habit * Many liverworts grow either submerged or on land - have leaves which are deeply lobed or divided * Most liverworts grow where there is considerable moisture. * Most liverworts have leafy appearances - sides - inhabit moist, generally disturbed areas * Some liverworts alter lipid levels - are aquatic and can be found in living on the water's surface - cause irritation - grow on plants - have antheridiums - reproduce asexually by producing gemmae in gemmae cups * are an ancient line of plants, possessing neither true leaves nor stems - distributed worldwide, though most commonly in the tropics - flat horizontal leaf-like plants with differentiated dorsal and ventral surfaces - flat, almost leaflike plants that grow on the damp forest floor - found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere in forest regions - generally heterothallic, producing separate male and female gametophytes - mainly fairly simple ribbon-like plants that are found in wet places - much taller than a typical mature tree in the forest - related to mosses but have flattened leaf-like appearance - seedless plants that have flat, leathery foliage - thallose and leafy bryophytes * can also reproduce asexually by means of special structures called gemmae cups - be thallose or leafy - produce both sexually and asexually * deep-rooted and hardy plant. * develop short, small sporophytes, whereas hornworts develop long, slender sporophytes. * form the capsule first then the stalk matures. * grow on the bark of trees such as chestnuts, acacias, poplars, beech, and oak-trees - prolifically in Scotland, especially in the west - well in damp, cool locations * have a gametophyte -dominant life cycle - gametophyte-dominant life cycle - green, leafy scales that absorb their nutrients through photosynthesis - little direct economic importance today - neither stomata nor guard mechanisms - no economic value and form but an insignificant part of the vegetation of the earth - the eggs underneath an umbrella structure * have the simplest bodies of all the green plants - sporophytes among the bryophytes - corpi - nuclei - plasma membranes * often are found with mosses and display similar ecological reactions - die when the crop canopy shades the surface of the growing media * produce a lobe like thalli, the rhizoids are on the underside to ancher the plant in. * reproduce with spores. * thrive on moist, cool soil and usually in a shaded situation. * usually grow in tropical places, moist with fresh water. * vary in size from very small leafy forms to large, lobed types. + Liverwort, Reproduction: Botany :: Bryophytes :: Plant taxonomy * Liverworts have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle. This is a type of alternation of generations similar to that of mosses. Cells in a typical liverwort plant are haploid for most of its life cycle. ### bryophyte \| liverwort: Leafy liverwort * Most leafy liverworts have a row of small leaves on one side of their stems, but few mosses do - antheridia and archegonia on separate plants * Some leafy liverworts grow on plants - require water * are obviously, leafy, and look very much like the mosses. * come in a huge variety. - sides Many bryophyte * Most many bryophytes have structural features. * Most many bryophytes have various features * have features	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### bryophyte: Moss * All mosses show alteration of generations. * Many mosses are monoecious - Male and female in same plant - quite resistant to desiccation - assimilate much of their nutrients and water through their tiny leaves - grow in compact colonies or mingled with other vegetation * Most moss grows in environments - on trees * Most mosses form a stalk first - grow in short clumps, or cushions - prefer a medium to fairly dense shade * Some moss absorbs water - grows in lawns * Some moss has centers - costae - differentiations * Some moss has growth habits - patterns - independent sporophytes - moisture retention ability - roots - strands - thin stalks - tissue differentiations * Some moss has upright growth habits - vascular tissue - increases acidity - lacks tissue - makes food * Some moss produces multicellular organs - sex organs - shows tissue differentiations * Some mosses also have solute-conducting leptoids surrounding a central bundle of hydroids - can survive dessication, returning to life within a few hours of rehydration - depend on insects to transport spores * Some mosses have conducting cells that function like the vascular tissue of higher plants - internal conducting strands that guide water and even metabolites through the stem - small branches * abound on creek banks, wetland soils, and tree-trunk bases. * also belong to the bryophyte division of the plant kingdom. * also have different mechanisms they use for acquiring nutrients - root like rhizoids which do provide for some water absorption - lack true roots, stems, and leaves * appear at the base of trees and on the ground. * are a group of primitive plant species that can form a creeping green mat on home lawns. * are abundant due to high moisture and deep shade - in both bogs and fens - adapted to grow in extremely dry climates, such as the desert - also essential to the formation of peat * are an adaptable and diverse group, easily collected for study - amazingly resilient and versatile group of plants - at the base of the food chain in the tundra biome - classified in the division Bryophyta, class Bryopsida - evergreen plants - flowerless plants with very tiny leaves and no roots - found on damp, well-shaded soil, and occasionally along the sides of tree trunks * are more common relatives of liverworts and share many features of their life cycle - complex than liverworts - prevalent in northern latitudes - most abundant in lower Railroad Canyon - non-vascular * are nonvascular plants - while ferns are vascular * are often abundant in moist areas, world wide - epiphytes * are plants growing in tufts or clusters on the ground, decaying wood or on rocks - that develop from spores rather than seeds - primitive bryophytes in which the sporophyte and gametophyte generations grow together - primitive, nonflowering, rootless green plants with simple stems and leaves * are seedless nonvascular plants - similar to ferns in that they produce spores * are small and generally grow in moist habitats - plants that survive in a wide range of soil and weather conditions * are small, leafy plants which look like a mass of fine stems - thread-like plants that form green mats on the soil surface - sports of centifolia and damask roses - the closest living relatives to the early plants that invaded the land * are the most common and familiar nonvascular plants - primitive living land plants - too short and dense to support resting mosquitos * are very primitive plants without a higher evolved vascular system - sensitive to air pollution and are used to monitor air quality - small green plants * attach to their substrate with multi cellular rhizoid - multicellular rhizoids * can tolerate complete dehydration. * carpet the surface of rocks and cause further erosion into rock particles and gravel. * cloak tree trunks and drape from the limbs like green shrouds. * come in a wide variety of forms, but all are based on a stem and leaf structure. * contribute significantly to above-ground production and phytomass in the region. * create organic matter and make the local habitat more suitable for seed-bearing plants. * custom blender of high-quality soil mixes for the wholesale nursery industry. * decompose rocks and release nitrogen. * decorate the platy outcrops, ledges, and isolated rocks. * die and return nitrogen to the soil. * do grow in sunlight but usually prefer shaded, moist areas. * fix nitrogen from the air. * flow over the rocks of the forest floor like rippling water under the sea. * form deep cushions, covering the ground as well as tree trunks and branches - diminutive gametophytes, which are the dominant phase of the lifecycle * grow in clumps and have only simple leaves - spreading mats or in tightly packed cushions - just about anywhere that it is wet enough, including on trees - throughout the rain forest * growing in the creek have manganese oxide plaques on their exterior tissues. * harbor cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen. * have a low demand for nutrients - an erect shoot bearing tiny leaflike structures arranged in spirals - cuticle - essentially the same system - few or no stems - tiny leaves and stems - two phases in their life cycle * includes cell membranes - cytoplasm - nuclei - sections - vacuoles * increase the amount of water soil can store and improve soil's nutrient holding capacity. * is bryophytes. * is located in bridges - forests - waterfalls * lack the roots and stems that other plants have. * live in moist environments where water is freely available. * lives in habitats - shady habitats - terrestrial habitats * love to be kept moist, but too much moisture without any sunlight can cause mold. * often grow so close together that they form pads, or cushions. * play many different roles around the world. * produce a thick, green mass in full sun or shade on both dry and wet soils - sexually by forming spores * rely on diffusion to move materials into and out of their cells. * reproduce by spores that are scattered in the wind or rain - in an unusual way - with spores or by forming gametes * require abundant water for growth and reproduction. * typically form a thick, green mat on the soil surface. * use spores to reproduce. * usually are found growing on rocks within the bodies of water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### bryophyte \| moss: Ball moss * is an air plant commonly seen in scrub - epiphyte that grows on the bark - closely related to the better known Spanish moss * prefers an environment with low sunlight intensity and high humidity. Irish moss * has demulcent and emollient properties. * is also present - one of several types of seaweed, growing along the shores of the north Atlantic - red algae * thickens homemade nut milks, soups, and smoothies.<\|endoftext\|>### bryophyte \| moss: Peat moss * Most peat moss is composed primarily of sphagnum moss. * boosts acidity, organic matter, and moisture at the same time. * expands and contracts when it is subject to wetting and drying cycles. * is acidic and holds water very well. * is best to use, followed by pine bark, leaf mold, and then sawdust - pine bark, leaf mold, sawdust, and peanut hulls - devoid of nutrients - difficult to work into soil - expensive but good source of organic matter - ideal for most ornamentals - notorious for taking forever to saturate with water - obtained from bogs which are destroyed by the removal of the moss - usually available in moist or dry forms - well known for high porosity and perlite has a similar property * loosens clay soils and binds sandy soils. * protects soil from hardening and adds organic material. * restructures the soil, whereas compost provides nutrients. * tends to shed water and it splashes blooms badly during hard rains. Pleurocarpous moss * have a main stem of unlimited growth , and usually much-branched - highly branched, prostrate stems * is moss * tend to form spreading carpets rather than erect tufts.<\|endoftext\|>### bryophyte \| moss: Spanish moss * appears as a green-gray moss that hangs on tree limbs. * common epiphyte growing among the crowns of trees. * grows as far north as Virginia - on trees and is protected from herbivores * is an epiphyte that is related to the pineapple - another epiphyte - great for placing at the base of houseplants to hide the dirt - herbaceous plants - limited to warm, humid areas of the southern and coastal regions of the state - most evident in trees that are declining due to some other reason - native from the coast to the lower piedmont in South Carolina * is neither Spanish nor moss - or moss, it is an epiphyte, a rootless fragment of a plant - rootless, living attached to the trunks and branches of trees * long, whisker-like plant growth which hangs from trees. * popular southern Tillandsia. * produces spores, much like other epiphytes. * study in contradictions. Sphagnum * contributes more to peat accumulation than vascular plants. * creates bogs by holding water and creating acidic conditions. * is moss ### bubbles: Gaseous particle * are 'bubbles'. + Particle size (general): Chemistry * Larger objects are usually called stone, rock, a piece of something, etc. The term 'particle' indicates small size, usually less than centimeter. Particle might be either solid, or liquid, or even gas. Liquid particles are called 'droplets'. Gaseous particles are 'bubbles'. All of them can be characterised in terms of size. ### buddha-nature: Impermanence * denies the control of gods. * is Buddha-nature - built into the very structure of the world - durations - from the point of view of space - length ### buddha-nature \| impermanence: Transience * is impermanence * is the fading of memory with the passage of time - weakening of memory over time ### budgeted item: Indirect cost * Some indirect cost relates to pain. * are a legitimate expense of performing university research - intangible costs * are real costs for the support of a project - of conducting instruction and research * are the costs associated with running the business - normal expenses for living * budgeted item. * refer to such things as premature mortalities and morbidities due to substance abuse.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Buffer * Most buffers are weak acids or weak bases that combine reversibly with hydrogen ions. * allow mixing of pesticides of different acidity or alkalinity. * also help prevent shoreline erosion and provide shade, food, and shelter for wildlife - provide fish and wildlife habitats and preserve the ecosystem of the waterways - trap snow and reduce blowing soil in areas with strong winds * are a special case of the common ion effect - compounds - devices - memory devices - mixtures of weak acids or bases and their salts - part of cars - particularly effective in removing nitrates from the soil water - power tools - resources - simply areas where the natural vegetation is encouraged to grow - social exchanges that cushion or mitigate the negative effects of life stresses - storage areas within programs, and are frequently used to store program inputs * can also reduce the amounts of phosphorous and sediments that enter watercourses. * cause acidic solutions to become alkaline, and alkaline solutions to become acidic. * decrease breakdown of pesticides in alkaline water. * help to maintain intake as well as fat test, especially in low fiber diets. * neutralize both acids and alkalies and generate less heat. * prevent changes in pH byabsorbing or releasing hydrogen ions - the pH of a solution from changing when an acid or base is added * remove a significant amount of nitrate and store it in plant material. * resist a change in the pH of a solution when small amounts of acid or base are added. * serve as temporary storage areas in circuits. * stabilize pH of a solution by taking up excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions. ### buffer: Chemical buffer * bind protons. * release protons. Conservation buffer * are a proven method for enhancing water quality. * can help protect wildlife habitat in a development. Riparian buffer * are crucial to the protection and enhancement of the water resources of New York - important to the health of a stream - trees, shrubs, or grass next to streams * contain trees and shrubs. * have a tremendous influence on water quality - substantial, or little, effect on water-body condition ### build: Body type * Most body types can drink water immediately before and after a meal without any problems. * Some body types gain weight easily and are also more susceptible to cellulite. * are often consistent from lifetime to lifetime, though the size of the body can vary - physique * becomes a focus of attention in adolescence. * is often similar among mothers or sisters. Building insulating material * An insulating material building material * Insulating material appears in magenta. * Insulating materials are building materials - protective covering - skin irritants - have a high level of resistance to conduct heat * Most insulating materials have dielectric strengths greater than air's.<\|endoftext\|>Building material * All building materials are mixtures of a number of chemical compounds identified as molecules. * Many building materials are soil based - suitable nutrient sources for fungal growth - provide suitable nutrients that encourage mold to grow * Most building materials are dimensionally unstable - tolerant of a certain amount of moisture - shield electric fields to some extent * Some building materials have a high fire resistance rating and can slow down the flames - release toxic chemicals into the air * are also important in considering aesthetics, thermal properties, and economics - artifacts * can also release toxic chemicals to the indoor environment. * is an artifact - any material which is used for construction purposes	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### building materials: Covering linoleum * A linoleum covering material * Linoleum contains calcium carbonate while lime is found in carpets - covers the floor in Latin * Linoleum is degradable - extremely durable, resistant to acid, grease, oil, solvents and cigarette burns * Linoleums are covering materials * Linoleums are located in floors - furniture - houses - kitchens - mobile homes - stores * Linoleums are used for bathrooms - flooring - tile floors ### buildings: Commercial building * Many commercial buildings require cooling all year round. * Many commercial buildings use air conditioning almost year round - almost year-round * Most commercial buildings use fluorescent lighting. * are buildings. High rise * are buildings - good for investors in capitalist housing markets, giving a high return on investment * are located in cities - downtowns - residential areas - skylines - stock markets - towers * are used for apartments - condominiums - eats - offices Parking structure * are located in big cities - college campuses - large cities - malls * are used for cars - convenient parking - skateboards Tall building * can shake or even collapse. * describe cities because they describe population density. * enclose traffic, public transportation, pedestrians. * have to be built in a special way in order to flex and bend with the wind. * provide excellent opportunity White house - located in press - palaces - structures * are used for important decisions - meet - press conferences - residences - symbols - tours * have antique furniture. * reflect heat and tend to keep the nestlings cooler. ### bulk-forming laxative: Psyllium seed * are oval-shaped, odorless, practically tasteless, and are coated with mucilage. * bulk-forming laxative. * contains a mixture of soluble and insoluble fiber - soluble fiber, mucilage, that expands a great deal in water * is safe even if taken for extended lengths of time and is non-addictive.<\|endoftext\|>Bulletin board * Bulletin Boards Create translucent handmade slime in beautiful shapes and colors. * are boards. * are electronic discussion forums - means of communicating that have been around for a long time - flat surfaces - ongoing postings that anyone can read and reply to at any time - systems set up on a computer that is running bulletin board software - text-based mechanisms, which allow users to read, write and post messages * are the forerunners of newsgroups and typically operate as stand-alone systems - preferred method of communication for large groups of people<\|endoftext\|>### bulls: Male elephant * All male elephants start out life as babies living with their mother in the matrifocal group. * Most male elephants engage in activities - sexual activities - have tusks - reach height - weigh tonnes * Some male elephants have prey - hit puberty * are bulls - called bulls and females are called cows * are usually larger than female elephants - solitary as adults and only travel with the herds for mating * can also smell the hormones of a female ready for breeding. * grow throughout life and so do females, although less dramatically. * leave the family group early and return to the female groups only to breed. * live in separate herds. * tend to have heavier, longer and more stouter tusks than females do.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Bunion * Most bunions are treatable without surgery - develop after an extended period of use of tight or pointed shoewear * are a common amongst elderly rheumatoid arthritic patients - deformity of the forefoot - problem experienced mostly by women * are a deformity of the big toe - that tends to run in families - also a painful injury due to pointe shoes - an extremely common foot problem affecting both men and women - cosmetically unsightly, and generally cause swelling, pain and skin irritation - diseases - due to wearing narrow shoes with pointed toes and high heels - hard painful growths which develop on the foot in the region of the bigtoe - hereditary, but they can get aggravated when trendy shoes and heels are worn * are often hereditary and develop from a weakness in the foot s bone structure - painful big toe joints, which can become swollen and tender * can also be a result of arthritis which often affects the big toe joint - and do occur in men as well - become swollen and painful at times - form on one or both feet - lead to other problems such as serious infections * develop gradually but continuously, and can cause pain at various levels of enlargement. * develop when a significant amount of extra bone accumulates at the base of the big toe - big toe joints are out of line and become swollen and tender * have a strong hereditary basis, and seem to be more common among women than men. * occur when the metatarsal bone protrudes at the base of the big toe. * often run in the family and can also be caused by wearing shoes with pointed toes. * start as small protrusions of bone behind the big toe - out small, but they usually become worse with time * tend to get worse as the joints sublux and become arthritic. * tend to run in families, but shoes that are too narrow can aggravate the condition ### burgers: Veggie burger * Many veggie burgers contain cheese - no soy and are made from vegetables and grains * are burgers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### burn hazard: Hot water * Most hot water is used for cleaning, either in the bathroom, the kitchen, or the laundry - meets sea water * Some hot water causes burns - severe burns * Some hot water contains chemicals - creates steam - kills dust mites * accounts for approximately one-third of the typical home s energy use. * builds up pressure and shoots out of a hole or crack in the ground as geysers. * burn hazard. * can also damage latex condoms and wash away spermicidal foams, jellies and creams - be very detrimental to some carpet fibers * can cause a third degree burn on a child in less than three seconds - poor flavor - severe burns instantly * can dissolve lead more quickly than cold water - more lead more quickly than cold water - excite the urethra - injure the skin by increasing thermal energy or accelerating metabolic activity - leach higher levels of dissolved metals from pipes - often make cleaning faster by loosening dirt, gum, grease and oil - permanently set protein - produce serious burns - scald or even kill a child * causes clothing to shrink and fade - skin to release histamines that make the skin red and itchy - the hair to appear limp * creates water vapor that can contaminate the assembly area. * dissolves metals faster. * dissolves more lead more quickly than cold water - lead, copper and rust from plumbing than cold water * does work by heating radiators. * emerging from deep within a planet arrives at the surface and cools quickly. * ensures solubility when high rates are required. * floats on cold water, so there is no convection. * freezes faster than cold. * good example of a non lubricating liquid - non-lubricating liquid * has a lower specific heat than the cold water - sting to it when it hits skin - less gases disolved in it than cold water does - nothing to do with getting colds * heated by the sun is used in many ways. * helps kill bacteria, mold and yeast particles. * holds more sugar than cold water. * is buoyant, so it tends to rise in any vertical pipe, such as the hot water feed line - difficulty - hard on the hair, causing it to dry out and get brittle * is heavier than cold water - important for blood circulation * is likely to contain higher lead levels - levels of lead - mixed with ethylene glycol in a closed system to prevent freezing * is more irritating to dry skin than warm water - likely to contain lead - much more common than steam systems - needed to wash dishes and for baths and showers - of particular danger for small children and handicapped individuals - rare since parents are often too drunk to boil some on the stove - second only to winter heating in energy costs - unsafe for pregnant women * is used for wash - in homes or commercial buildings and for industrial processes * is used to heat buildings - keep the digester warm - melt the ice - smooth the surface and form a tighter bond between new ice and existing ice * kills new as well as mature plants. * leaves residues. * makes it disproportionate into hydrobromic acid and hypobromous acid. * meets cold sea water * precious commodity in most homes and businesses. * removes natural oil from the skin, making it dry and itchy. * requires large amounts of energy to heat it. * softens a natural cement that, secreted by the worm, holds the cocoon together. * speeds up evaporation. * swells the tea leaves to release caffeine and other compounds such as tannins. * tends to contain higher levels of lead and copper. * tends to dissolve lead from pipes - solder in pipes - rob the skin of moisture * weighs more than cold water * works for tree and shrub cuttings, and cool water for ferns and spring-flowering bulbs. * wrecks the caudal lamellae of Zygoptera, however. + Bromine, Properties, Chemical properties: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals * Phosphorus reacts violently with bromine. Aluminum reacts in a similar way. It can bleach things like chlorine. It reacts better in the light. It dissolves a little in water. Hot water makes it disproportionate into hydrobromic acid and hypobromous acid. Bromine can form compounds with substances such as sodium to form sodium bromide.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### burning: Arson * can be a weapon for political purposes - involve one's own property or someone else's property * carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. * is crime - criminal acts - fire - frequent in young people who are unable to understand painful events in their lives - physical attacks * robs communities of valuable assets in lives and property - tax base and citizens suffer higher insurance premiums and taxes<\|endoftext\|>### burning: Ignition * Many ignitions have both thermal and chain-branching contributions. * can occur from sparks. * depends on the duration of the current and the kind of fuel the lightning hits. * is fire - itself intimately tied to instinct - mechanisms - part of electrical systems - the process of initiating self-sustained combustion * normally takes place in the dead component of the fine fuels. * occurs at the location and time at which the two reactant streams first mix. * occurs when an electric spark meets the butane gas in the combustion chamber - enough energy is applied to a fuel ### burning \| ignition: Spontaneous combustion * can occur if the flammable liquid vapors escape - within several weeks * is ignition - part of south parks<\|endoftext\|>### burning: Incineration * also can have environmental problems - emits many heavy metals and chemical compounds that can pose health hazards - ensures protection from infectious diseases * burns high- boiling point solvents. * can even create compounds that scientists have yet to identify - lead to the production and release of more toxic compounds - provide energy as a by-product * causes pollution and there limit to the amount of land available for landfill. * consists of burning waste to produce energy. * depends on burning materials like wood fibre which are among the easiest to recycle. * destroys or makes waste less hazardous through burning - the nitrogen and organic material content of the manure * false promise. * involves burning the waste. * is an effective means of decontamination - extension of drying - oxidization process that can separate organic from inorganic carbon compounds - biologically the safest method of disposal - combustion with the primary purpose being the destruction of the toxic chemical - harmful to the environment, it pollutes - seen as a viable means to dispose of the increasing volume of solid waste * is the first stage in Japan's waste disposal program - process of burning waste products * leads to air pollution and unhappy neighbors. * less efficient method of recovering the energy content of such wastes. * means burning garbage. * often produces toxic air emissions and toxic ash. * rapid, exothermic oxidation process that destroys organic material in the off-gas. * releases pollutants into the air - significant toxins into the environment * requires a large amount of energy to completely cremate a carcass - very high temperatures for efficient combustion * source of greenhouse gases and toxic chemicals like dioxins and lead. * still produces emission into the air including air pollutants and greenhouse gasses. * transforms solid waste into ash and air pollution. * uses energy and produces air pollution, residual ash.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### burning \| incineration: Cremation * Reducing the body to ashes in a great fire is one of the most common disposal methods. * also are simpler than a traditional funeral and burial - helps the dead to depart * always takes place before sunset. * are extremely rare before the current generation - incineration * can be an aid to murderers. * centuries-old funeral rite which is again growing in preference. * dates back to the later prehistoric era. * dignified new tradition that offers all the choices of a traditional burial. * does offer families more choices than ever. * fast growing choice for individuals and families. * form of disposition. * is acceptable to the followers of most faiths - against the law in The Gambia, and no crematoriums operate in The Gambia - also a religious issue * is an alternative to burial or entombment for the body's final disposition - area that is growing rapidly in interest and acceptance - extremely cost effective form of disposing of a person's body after death - increasingly popular method of final disposition - another method of disposition of human remains at the time of one's death - considered a simplified and dignified alternative to traditional funerals - culturally acceptable in Japan - especially popular in trend-setting states like California - forbidden by the Jewish faith - just a disposition of the body * is more dignified than rotting - rare in Catholic countries - of heathen origin and therefore is unscriptural and non-Christian - preparation for memorialization just as traditional burial is - said to have a neutral effect on the decendants of the dead - simply one method of preparing human remains for burial or interment * is the breakdown of the deceased body by fire and heat - predominant form of final disposition of the dead in many foreign countries - process of reducing the body of a pet by exposing it to intense heat - reduction of a human body to ashes by fire - rule in cities, and interment in rural areas * is the second most common form of disposition in the United States - preferred form of disposition in the United States - technical heating process that reduces human remains to bone fragments - where the body is prepared for final disposition * means of preparing the human body for disposition and memoralization. * now account for one-fourth of all funerals. * process of preparing human remains for final disposition. * produces ashes, which survivors either can keep or spread in a meaningful place. * red-hot business. * reduction of the body by incineration for several hours to small skeletal fragments. * removes the healing process that takes place naturally through a Christian burial. * represents a hidden desire for self-destruction and the destruction of mankind. * respectful way to deal with the dead. * threat to the income stream of most funeral facilities. * total distruction of the identity of the remains. * way to substantially reduce the financial burden on the family. ### burrowers: Russian tortoise * Most Russian tortoises are imported into the United States. * are burrowers - small tortoise and are very common household pets * can have small water dishes in their outdoor enclosures. ### bus companies: Silver line * are bus companies. * refer to the historic local narrow-gauge railway. ### buses: City bus * Most city buses have bike racks on the front which hold multiple bikes. * are buses - different color + São Paulo (state), Transportation * City buses complement the public transportation system. ### bushs: Tea plant * All tea plants belong to the same species but varying climates, soils, etc. * Most tea plants have a flush, or growth, period and a dormant phase. * Most tea plants thrive in regions - subtropical regions * are bushs - evergreens * grow slower at higher altitudes, allowing the leaves to stay succulent and tender. * prefer tropical climates with rich, deep soils.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### business information: Financial information * includes information such as credit card numbers and bank account information. * is business information - critical in understanding the needs of all small businesses * is used for billing purposes only when a transaction has occurred - in-house statistics, advertising and marketing target material - only for transferring funds for products - solely for the purpose of billing the user for products * is used to bill and charge customers for products and services only - for products ordered * is used to bill the customer for products and services only - for products they order - user for products and services - to bill the user for product or services Business object * Business Objects are representations of stable, real-world entities such as customer or invoice. * are a very broad class, of which manufacturing objects are only a part. * provide the explicit mapping of business concepts to systems. * represent real world things such as employees, products, invoices, or payments. ### business problem: Contingency planning * business problem. * is related to business resumption planning, but is narrower in focus.<\|endoftext\|>### business transaction: Bargaining * are negotiation. * business transaction. * is an essential aspect of economic theory - common practice in markets and tourist shops, and when catching non-metered taxis - part of Chinese commerce - probably the shortest of all stages of grief - still common among the majority of people populating the planet * is the name of the game - rule at markets and when hiring transport - third stage of grieving - traditionally a matter for men * part of life in Egypt and virtually everything is open to negotiation. * process that can be time consuming. * replaces violence and domination in moral and legal disputes. * way of life in markets. ### business transaction \| bargaining: Plea bargaining * is an integral part of the American criminal justice system - the way of life * tool of conciliation. ### business websites: Internet website * Most Internet websites are business websites. * have validation procedures to verify cardholders' identity. * involve alot of time and energy.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### busy professionals: School counselor * Most school counselors focus on help students * Most school counselors have degrees - master degrees * Most school counselors work nine or ten months a year with time off during school vacations - with teachers * Some school counselors earn additional income working summers in the school system or in other jobs - manage career centers as part of academic counseling * Some school counselors work in public schools * administer comprehensive guidance programs in elementary and secondary schools. * are busy professionals - soul-searching, looking for ways to prevent other deaths * assume that people construct their own meanings. * can earn additional income working summers in the school system or in other jobs - extra income by working another job during the summer * consult with teachers and parents on student behavior and effective parenting. * deal with the personal, social, and educational development of students. * encourage personal growth and development throughout the life span. * explore how differences in value systems affect the delivery of services. * help people to accommodate to change or to make changes in their lifestyle - skills * help students develop academic and social skills and succeed in school * indicate that there have been significant changes in youths' grades and behavior. * play a crucial role in educating our elementary school children. * promote educational success, interpersonal skills and self-understanding. * see an increasing number of suicidal children as well as adolescents. * work closely with parents. * work in private and public schools where they have private offices - to address personal, social, academic and career needs * work with students individually and in groups - individually, in classrooms, and in small groups ### buttons: Radio button * are buttons - groups of buttons which allow a single button to be toggled at a time - similar to the buttons on a car radio - small circles used to select one of several options in a group * work as a toggle switch ### buying: Financial transaction * are buying. * can reveal much about a person's activities, associations, and beliefs. * lend themselves to the numerical, digital orientation of the Internet.<\|endoftext\|>### cabbages: Chinese cabbage * are cabbages - crucifers * develops best during cool weather and is an excellent vegetable for fall gardeners. * good source of vitamin C and dietry fibre. * is affected by many of the same diseases affecting other cole crops - best sown in late summer and autumn rather than spring - invaluable as a vegetable for stir-fry and is becoming more widely grown - more closely related to the mustards than to the cabbages - used fresh in salads or cooked like regular cabbage * loosely packed elongated head of light green stalks that are slightly crinkled. * versatile garden vegetable. ### cables: Steel cable * are cables. * are located in bridges - buildings - construction sites - factories - ground - ships - suspension bridges - winchs - used for construction * can also fray and cause injury. ### cadence: Scansion * are meters. * is cadence Trochee * is cadence * reverse the iambic and accent the first syllable. ### cafes: Internet cafe * Internet Cafes serve a number of purposes. * Most Internet cafes charge clients based on how much time the client spends at a workstation. * are cafes - common in large cities - popular places to catch up on e-mail from the States and to surf the web - very popular, especially in smaller cities * exist in main urban areas. * flourish in all the major cities. * provide paid computer access to the Internet.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Caffeine * 'stimulant' drug. * Addresses the health and nutritional effects of caffeinated foods and beverages. * Most caffeine affects bodily functions - brains - many bodily functions * Most caffeine causes excretion - urination - finds in cocoa beans * Most caffeine has crystal - potential effects - tiny crystal * Some caffeine causes dehydration. * Some caffeine comes from fossil fuel - contributes to development * Some caffeine has metabolism - weight * Some caffeine improves motility - sperm motility - inhibits absorption * Some caffeine interferes with absorption - iron absorption - produces resistance - promotes depletion - raises blood pressure - triggers anxiety * acts as a diuretic agent helping to eliminate fluids and restructuring fat - diuretic, draining needed fluids from the body * acts as a mild stimulant to the central nervous system - the nervous system - poi.son when taken in more than small amounts - poison when taken in more than small amounts * acts as a stimulant but at the dose employed it probably has little effect - on the central nervous system - to the heart and central nervous system * actually very small component of coffee. - different people differently - each person's performance differently - everyone in similar ways - people in different ways - the central nervous system by increasing mental alertness and reducing fatigue * aggravates the stress reaction. * also acts as a diuretic and can contribute to feeling jittery - increases the secretion of gastric acid in the stomach - flushing out minerals through the kidneys - diuretic, which means it works on the kidneys to excrete more urine - mild diuretic as it increases the flow of urine and can be addictive - affects circulatory function and has unpredictable effect on blood pressure - alters the baby s heart rate and respiration - antagonizes presynaptic adenosine receptors, facilitating catecholamine release - can extend and magnify many of the symptoms of stress overload - causes nervousness, anxiety, and irritability - competes for receptors with adenosine, an inhibitory compound - decrease calcium absorption - decreases reaction time to visual and auditory stimuli - dilates bronchial tissue and increases respiratory rates - has medicinal properties * also has some appetite suppressing qualities - weak appetite-suppressant properties - the ability to depersonalize - increases the activity of detoxification enzymes under some circumstances - keeps many people from sleeping, causes jitteriness, and affects calcium metabolism - lowers the body's calcium absorption by frequent urination - lurks in teas, colas, other soft drinks, cocoa, and chocolate - passes easily from the mother to the fetus through the placenta - raises levels of cortisol, a hormone released during stress - reduces the quality of sleep - stays in the system for two days, which can disrupt sleep * also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system - more frequent urination, as any coffee drinker knows * also stimulates the medullary respiratory center and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle - secretion of gastric acid and increases urination * appears to block the effects of creatine. * artificially stimulates the adrenal glands, which is fine and well occasionally. * attenuates vasovagal reactions in first-time blood donors. * augments the oral and rectal absorption of ergotamine. * base and is soluble in dichloromethane and insoluble in water - which can react with acids to form salts * belongs to the xanthine chemical group. * binds the adenosine receptor, blocking the function of the normal ligand, adenosine. * bitter white crystalline alkaloid. * bitter, water-soluble substance. * bladder irritant, meaning that it causes more urgency to urinate. * blocks the accumulation of adenosine in cells and increases wakefulness. * boosts the pain-relieving effects of ibuprofen. * breaks down into uric acid, which the body excretes through the kidneys. * can act a diuretic, which results in water loss - affect students' anxiety levels as well, and even cause more stress - aggravate heat stress in the summer * can also aggravate stomach ulcers by increasing stomach acid production - alter the body's metabolism of some nutriments including calcium and iron - be detrimental in that it diuretic, causing water loss * can also be harmful to the growing bodies of children - when it is combined with stress - very effective and is given by mouth * can also cause gastric disturbances like nausea and vomiting - low birth weight - have some serious side effects - hurt people if they drink a lot at once - impede the excretion of cocaine - specifically affect women - upset some peoples' stomachs - alter one's health in many ways * can be a bladder irritant, which worsens some symptoms - nice energy boost, but like all drugs it can be abused - potent gastric stimulator and increase output by causing diarrhea - an effective antidepressant - effective in helping to alleviate some types of headaches - habit-forming - helpful in dispelling sleep inertia upon arising - toxic if over-used, and continued use can result in addiction - useful in treating some types of headaches, including migraines * can be very damaging, especially if it is consumed in large quantities - helpful, because it constricts blood vessels * can cause anxiety when taken with bronchodilators - depletion of inositol - hot flashes - irregular heartbeats, ulcers and heartburn - irritability and make sleep difficult - nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness or rapid heartbeat - problems for people who have heart problems or are taking certain medications - some individuals to have difficulty sleeping at night * can cause the blood vessels to narrow - heart to beat faster and hasten the effects cold has on the body - certainly interfere with our ability to sleep * can contribute to dehydration and alter digestive tract motility - gastrointestinal motility * can delay sleep - the onset of sleep - dry out the mouth - enhance performance in endurance sports * can have a negative impact on one's health - both positive and negative health effects - withdrawal symptoms, most experience mild symptoms - help relieve pain faster when it is used in conjunction with aspirin * can increase blood pressure and cause vasoconstriction - concentration and counteract fatigue - irritability and breast tenderness - slightly the amount of calcium lost through the digestive and urinary tracts - tinnitus as well as stimulate the problems mentioned above under foods - inhibit the absorption of iron * can intensify certain heart rhythm problems, and cause a temporary rise in blood pressure - interfere with sleep - overstimulate an excitable heart - pass through the placenta and into the breast milk - play a role in sleep disorders - prevent pregnancy from beginning * can raise blood pressure and the heart rate temporarily - in some people - the metabolic level, body temperature, blood pressure and blood sugar level - reduce sleepiness and increase alertness, but only temporarily - restrict blood vessels inhibiting a successful ovulation period * can stimulate gastric secretions - the force of contraction and can increase heart rate - worsen anxiety and lead to poor sleeping patterns * cans have adverse effects * cardiac stimulant as well as a diuretic , and it stimulates release of gastric acid. * causes acne. * causes breast disease - tenderness, anxiety, and mood swings - cancer and birth defects in laboratory animals - hyperactivity in children - more urination, so it can undo the benefit of drinking fluids * causes the formation of a thin layer of energy around the heart muscles - heart to pound by blocking the action of adenosine - same vicious cycle * chemical compound similar to the hormone adrenaline - that occurs naturally in coffee, tea, kola nuts, and chocolate * combined with a short nap effectively counteracts sleepiness. * comes from other plants as well. * common alkaloid, found in tea and coffee, which has a stimulatory effect - ingredient in beverages such as coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks and cocoa * commonly consumed drug. * constricts blood vessels adding to the effects of stress - and has been shown to decrease brain activity * containing foods and beverages can affect the gastrointestinal tract - products are also culprits in the stress war * conteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading. * contributes to feelings of stress - ulcers and sugar to children's hyperactivity * counteracts the effects of inhibitory neurons i * crosses the placenta to the baby - placental barrier, but there are no proven links to birth defects * definite no-no. * definitely increases anxiety. * dehydrates the body and contributes to the aging of the skin and kidneys - so de-caffeinated tea and coffee is better * depletes minerals and especially magnesium. * desensitizes some individuals. * directly stimulates the myocardium and central nervous system. * diuretic and causes fluid loss by increasing urine output - the body to dehydrate easily - promotes fluid loss - that causes excessive urinary loss of fluids * diuretic which can cause dehydration - induces urination and tends to dehydrate the body * diuretic, a substance that encourages urination - and stools without water get hard, which is what causes pouches to form - causing loss of fluids * diuretic, which puts stress on the kidneys - stimulates the kidneys to excrete fluid * does decrease bone mass and increase risk of hip fracture - stimulate the human nervous system and causes a feeling of wakefulness * double-edged sword when it comes to headaches * drinks such as coffee and cola have the same effect. * drug and when used on a daily basis, it can cause rebound headaches. * drug found in a number of plants like coffee beans, cocoa beans, and tea leaves - often in drinks * drug that affects the human body - very quickly equalizes amongst all body fluid - with a variety of effects on humans * drug, so coffee is an example - which stimulates the central nervous system * efects on learning, performance, and anxiety in normal schol-age children. * effects the central nervous system. * elevates blood pressure response to exercise in mild hypertensive men - negative stress symptoms * enhances alertness, concentration, and memory - the effectiveness of the other two drugs * enters the bloodstream and passes through the placental barrier to the fetus - body and forces the working muscles to utilize as much fat as possible * especially can aggravate symptoms like anxiety, depression and breast tenderness. * exists naturally in coffee, tea, and chocolate. * finds in beans * first-class psychic medicine. * forces the liver to release glycogen into the blood stream. * greatly increases miscarriage risk , says a new study. * has a bitter taste - classic bitter taste that enhances other flavors - mild diuretic effect - purine ring in which each of three nitrogen atoms bears a methyl group - stimulating effect, and it reduces fatigue - tendency to make breasts more tender and lumpy - well-known effect on the central nervous system, that stimulates mental energy - health risks for certain users - little effect on human health * has no effect on sprint events - flavor and can be removed from a food by a chemical process called decaffeination - taste of any worth - toxic effects but can cause withdrawal symptoms after repeated use - tyramine per se, but aggravates the symptoms of headache and hypertension - other benefits - some negatives and positives, that much is certain * has the effect of raising and then lowering blood sugar levels - potential to affect all systems of the body, as it is absorbed by most tissues * improves cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise * increases alertness - anxiety and reduce drug's efficacy - basal metabolic rate in adults - both the stimulant and thermogenic effects of ephedra - calcium loss because it's a diuretic - heart rate and adrenaline in the bloodstream, forcing the body into wakefulness - muscle tension and makes the nervous system more sensitive to pain - renal renin secretion in a rat model of genetic heart failure * increases the caloric burning rate - level of circulating fatty acids - loss of calcium through the kidneys and intestines - metabolism, heart rate and blood pressure, and causes mood irritability - rate at which calcium is lost through urine * increases the risk of drug toxicity - risks of infertility, miscarriage, and impaired fetal growth - urinary excretion and calcium increases fecal excretion * induces significant increases in cortisol, but no meaningful change in prolactin. * inhibits the body's normal biochemical turn off mechanism for stress responses - phosphodiesterase enzyme that is involved with the second messenger mechanism * initially causes blood vessels to shrink. * intensifies the action of insulin and is also forbidden. * interferes with GIRK channels in a way that causes people to become wide-awake. * interrupts our daily sleeping patterns by altering the chemical reactions in our brain. * involves a LOT of variability. * irritates the colon and an irritated colon is often a noisy, gassy one. * is Life - absorbed very quickly in the body and then passes into the central nervous system - active ingredient in the most popular stimulating beverages - actually a modifiable risk factor to osteoporosis * is added artificially to many others, including a variety of beverages - to some medicines because it increases the power of aspirin and other painkillers - addictive substances * is also a diuretic - it increases the loss of water - and can dehydrate the pregnant woman's body of valuable water - diuretic, which means it increases urination - factor in increased bone loss - physical stressor - powerful diuretic - stimulant and can prevent some people from sleeping well if taken after dinner - stimulant, which can add a letdown feeling after the effect wears off - stimulus for sperm and can help for infertility - addictive and withdrawal can cause headaches, lethargy and depression - an anti-oxidant - available in soft drinks, chewing gum and tablets - in chocolate * is also present in colas, chocolate bars, and cocoa - tea and cola * is an addictive drug that contributes to a long list of disease - substance, no less than nicotine - adenosine antagonist * is an alkaloid and acts in the body as a mild stimulant - found in tea leaves, kola nuts, coffee, and cocoa beans - example of a class of psychoactive drugs called stimulant drugs - illegal substance, so is ephedrine, which is found in over the counter cold medicine - ingredient in medications used to treat migraine headaches - another drug - anti-depressant and shows no long term addictions in moderate amounts - available in many foods, beverages, and medications - classified as a central nervous system stimulant * is cleared from the body through metabolism and excreted in the urine - rapidly through metabolism and excretion in the urine - consumed in large quantities around the world - contained in many drinks especially coffee, tea, and cola beverages - desired sometimes merely because of it's stimulating properties - eliminated by liver metabolism - excreted in breast milk, reaching a peak level about an hour after consumption - found in breast milk following the consumption of tea or coffee * is found in coffee, black tea, chocolate, cocoa, and cola - cola drinks, chocolate bars and some medicines - chocolate, cola drinks, tea, and other products - some kinds of tea, chocolate, some soft drinks, and some medications - tea and some carbonated beverages, especially colas - tea, chocolate, and many sodas * is found in coffee, tea, cola drinks, chocolate and certain drugs - nuts, mate and guarana * is found in coffee, tea, colas, and chocolate - sodas and chocolate - drinks such as coffee, tea or colas and foods that contain cocoa * is found in many beverages and soft drinks - foods and beverages including coffee, tea, chocolate and soda - products such as coffee, tea, cola and chocolate - regular coffee, black tea, green tea, colas and chocolate - soft drinks, chocolate, coffee, and some kinds of tea - tea, coffee, soft drinks and chocolate - given by mouth once a day * is in many drinks and foods - the formula for energy and to work synergistically with the other ingredients - today's coffee, tea and soda - ingested in behaviorally active doses by hundreds of millions of people each day * is known to also cause insomnia - cross the placental barrier - deplete the body's supply of inositol - increase urinary loss of calcium - like any other drug - likely to enhance the cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of ephedrine - mildly addictive, causing dependence, cravings and withdrawals - neutral to litmus paper - no substitute for sleep - one of the biggest overall culprits as far as breast pain is concerned * is one of the most common drugs in the Western world - comprehensively studied ingredients in the food supply * is one of the most thoroughly studied food constituents - widely used stimulants - prime offenders of gastroesophageal reflux disease - world s most popular drugs * is one of the world's most widely used drugs, and has been around for centuries - only an evil when it's abused - part of the methylxanthine family * is present in a variety of foods and beverages - beverages including coffee, tea, soft drinks and chocolate * is present in coffee, tea, many soft drinks and chocolate - soft drinks, cocoa, chocolate, and kola nuts - many sodas, coffee, tea, hot chocolate, and chocolate candy - most soft drinks - soft drinks, tea, chocolate and of course coffee - varying amounts in different beverages * is probably the most popular and readily available drug in the world - world's most popular drug - produced commercially chiefly as a by-product in making decaffeinated coffee - relatively contraindicated in patients with cardiac disease * is removed from solvent with water and crystallized - rapidly, thereby preserving the natural characteristics of the bean - responsible for tea's stimulating effect - special, and radical too - structurally related to other methylxanthines, theophylline and theobromine - suspected to help with headaches in two key ways - synthesized from purine nucleotides * is the familiar active ingredient in coffee, tea, and many soft drinks - main drug that is in coffee - most commonly used addictive drug in the world * is the most commonly used drug on the planet - to self-medicate fatigue * is the most frequently studied chemical in coffee, but there are hundreds of others - used psychoactive substance in the world - popular drug in the world - widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world * is the most widely used drug in the world today - stimulant in the world * is the only drug that is widely added to the food supply - mind-altering drug worth taking on a regular basis - preferred stimulant among athletes - subject of considerable ongoing research - substance that stimulates the central nervous system - the key active ingredient in green tea - world's favorite psychoactive substance * is the world's most popular drug - widely consumed and only entirely unregulated psychoactive agent - worst culprit, followed closely by refined sugar - therefore the initial drug of choice for apnea of prematurity - thought to enhance the analgesic effects of acetaminophen - unquestionably the most widely used mood-altering drug in the world - unusual as an alkaloid in that it is a * is used as a flavor in a variety of beverages - medically as a mild stimulant or headache-killer * is, after all, a mood-altering drug - nonetheless, a drug * kills the beneficial bacteria present in the colon. * known diuretic, mild stimulant and appetite-suppressant * leeches small amounts of calcium from the bones. * long-acting drug. * main ingredient in many cellulite creams. * makes a regular appearance in the ingredients lists of common painkillers. * material with a strongly bitter taste. * methylxanthine alkaloid and is widely distributed in nature. * mild stimulant and people have variable sensitivity to caffeine - that affects the nervous system - which is found in the leaves, fruits, and seeds of many plants - which helps to keep people awake * mildly addictive substance that stimulates the central nervous system. * minor constituent of tea, coffee, and other natural plant materials. * mobilizes fat stores and encourages working muscles to use fat as a fuel. * moves through the body within a few hours after it is consumed. * natural alkaloid methylxanthine. * natural component of coffee beans - part of coffee, tea and chocolate - product belonging to a group of compounds called alkaloids - stimulant and is present in foods like coffee, chocolate, and colas * naturally occurring herbicide - xanthine derivative - occurs in the leaves, nuts and seeds of plants * nerve stimulant. * normally sublimes before it melts. * occurs naturally in coffee, tea, and chocolate - cola and, to some degree, cocoa beans - many plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves and cocoa nuts - tea, coffee, cocoa, and chocolate, and is added to many soft drinks - the coffee bean, tea leaves, guarana, and other plants * often improves symptoms for persons with headaches or migraines - makes people nervous, anxious, hyper, stressed out, tense * passes readily into mother's milk - to breast milk, which can cause irritability and sleeplessness in a breastfed baby * physically addictive drug. * poor energy substitute for good, old fashioned, rest. * poses many potential side effects that can affect one s lifestyle. * potent stimulant, and is present in a wide range of beverages. * potentiates the renin response to diazoxide in man. * powerful central nervous system stimulant whose effects diminish with increased usage - circadian clock resetter - sleep inhibitor that stays in the bloodstream for up to six hours - stimulant that can cause insomnia, irritability andsometimes anxiety attacks * prevents deep, restful sleep necessary for optimal health and well-being * probably contains a conjugated system. * problem for spiders. * promotes dehydration - the production of the stress hormones, which in turn can increase anxiety * provides a characteristic flavor to soft drinks. * psychoactive drug, and people who use it find it habit-forming - meaning it alters mood, thinking or behaviour * readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. * reduces the absorption of calcium - body's ability to cope with pain - chance of getting pregnant - net availability of iron supplied from food - suicide rate amongst nurses who regularly imbibe * regulates the blood vessels to stop the pounding effect. * relieves migraines. * restricts blood flow. * saturates all body tissues and fluids, including breast milk. * seems to disrupt the body clock rhythms of extreme morning people - increase coronary heart disease deaths independent of serum cholesterol levels - make body fat more readily available as fuel to exersizing muscles * shortens reaction time to visual and auditory stimuli. * significantly improves mental performance, mood and physical endurance. * socially acceptable, legal drug consumed by all groups in society. * speeds the ingredients of the pain reliever into the body faster. * speeds up nerve communication - our metabolism - the release of both, especially adrenaline * stimulant and can cause the heart to beat faster - it does have effects - potentiates the stress response - found in coffee and one cup can improve alertness without doing any harm - like nicotine * stimulant that affects many parts of the body - can actually put more stress on the heart - occurs in several plants widely distributed throughout the world * stimulant which acutely helps reduce headache pain - can be found in coffee, tea, colas and chocolate - counteracts the antianxiety effects of tranquilizers - does help ADD symptoms - passes into breast milk * stimulant, and a stimulant constricts blood vessels - relatively high amounts of it can speed up the heartbeat - which means it has an alerting or wake-up effect * stimulates an increased use of fat as fuel during the exercise - overproduction of insulin, which ultimately promotes weight gain * stimulates the body reactions and also stimulates the cerebrum - brain and behavior * stimulates the central nervous system and blood circulation - heart and the respiratory system - production of adrenaline * strong, addictive stimulant. * suppresses the immune system of essential minerals. * takes calcium out of the bones, as does alcohol. * tends to accumulate in the infant - dehydrate the skin - drop blood sugar and aggravate the entire high-low blood sugar problem - exaggerate the physical and mental effects of stress * tends to increase both swelling of the breasts and water retention - the incidence of hot flashes - throw the nervous and endocrine systems out of balance * varies in the fresh green leaf depending on fineness of pluck. * vasoconstrictor - a substance that reduces blood supply by narrowing blood vessels. * well-known cause of sleeplessness, found in cola, tea, cocoa, as well as in coffee - stimulant that can set the heart racing, and prevent sleep * white powder which dissolves easily in water and has a slightly bitter taste. * widely used drug, as are the illegal substances, marijuana and cocaine. + Caffeine, How much caffeine is safe - Problems with caffeine * Caffeine is a problem for spiders. The image above shows a spiderweb which was woven by a normal spider. * Caffeine can also hurt people if they drink a lot at once. If someone takes too much of a drug at once it is called an 'overdose'. Caffeine overdose is a medical diagnosis + Caffeine, What caffeine is * Caffeine is a 'stimulant' drug. A stimulant is a drug that increases body actions like heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. It makes a person feel more awake and alert - used for * Caffeine also has medicinal properties. It is used in many over the counter medicines, such as Excedrin, Midol and Anacin. When combined with other analgesics, caffeine can help to alleviate headaches and cramps - Where caffeine is from: Chemical compounds :: Organic compounds :: Drugs :: Former good articles * Caffeine is the main drug that is in coffee. Coffee comes from a tree. The seeds of the tree are roasted to make coffee. * Caffeine comes from other plants as well. The plants use caffeine as a 'pesticide'. This is a chemical that kills insects if they eat the plant. It is the way the plant protects itself + Coffee, Health problems * Coffee contains the drug caffeine. Caffeine is a mild which helps to keep people awake. Caffeine, like many drugs, can be addictive and can cause health problems.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### caffeine: Excessive caffeine * can be addictive and have harmful side effects - increase urinary excretion of calcium - lead to inappropriately low prolactin levels in women * intake significantly contributes to heart and digestive problems.<\|endoftext\|>Cake * Some cakes are made to celebrate special occasions like birthdays. * A 'cake' type of bread or a bread-like food. Many cakes are for dessert. Some cakes are made to celebrate special occasions like birthdays. There are many kinds of cakes. It can be baked in an oven like bread. Some savory cakes are made on a griddle or a frying pan. * Using wheats and grains in the making of wedding cakes is an ancient symbol of fertility. * are blocks - deserts - lies * are located in bakeries - birthday parties - grocery stores - ovens - plates - refrigerators * are made of eggs - flour - ingredients - sweets * are used for birthdays - celebration - cooking - eating - gifts - mixings - servings * are used for special events - weddings * become bird food * come in all shapes and sizes - out of ovens * comes in all different flavors and sizes. * contain flour - marzipans - soy flour * form of sweet dessert that is typically baked. * freezes well after baking. * have brown color - chocolate cream - layers - weight * is both tastier and richer in calories - cake, bread is bread in the global mixing pot * tend to stick more when they are baked at high altitudes. + Cake, Construction: * Cakes are baked from a batter. The batter is baked in an oven. This way of baking is known as the muffin method, because muffins are made this way.<\|endoftext\|>### cake: Baba * are cakes. * get their name from the pan they are baked in. * produces vibhuti with ash. + The Medium, Story of the opera, Act 2: 20th century operas :: Compositions by Gian Carlo Menotti * With everyone gone, and Monica in her room, Baba pours herself another drink and questions her own sanity, becoming wild with drink and eventually passing out. Once she has fallen asleep, Toby sneaks back in and tries to get into Monica's room, but finds it locked and eventually goes to the trunk to find his tambourine. While searching, he knocks the lid of the trunk down waking Baba. Toby quickly hides in the puppet theater. As Baba tries to see where the noise came from and fetches a revolver from a drawer in the table. Baba screams and fires at it several times. Monica, hearing the gunshots, enters, sees Toby's lifeless body and runs for help. Beignet * are a fried pastry covered with powdered sugar - traditional food item in New Orleans, where they are also called doughnuts - deep fried batter, similar to a donut, covered with powdered sugar - delicious hot French doughnuts sprinkled with powdered sugar - square French -style doughnuts, lavishly covered with powdered sugar * comes from the French word for fritter.<\|endoftext\|>### cake: Brownie * are a dense bar cookie that cooks well in the microwave - domestic faeries, offering aid to mortals who are churning butter or grinding meal - helpful little men with brownish skin and brown clothing - legendary Scottish creatures that appear at night to assist people with their chores * can wear a tunic instead of the skirt. * have small, flat faces with pinhole nostrils and are known to be quite hairy. * is cookies - dogs - girl scouts - inanimate objects * participate in tree planting.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### cake: Chocolate cake * Most chocolate cakes have brown color * A 'chocolate cake' cake made with chocolate or cocoa. Then the cake is taken out of the oven and placed on a cooling stand. If the cake maker wants to, they can ice the cake, when it has cooled down, by spreading thick icing on it. Chocolate cakes are a sold in shops as well as made at home. They are a sweet food and should not be eaten all the time, which would be unhealthy. They are very good and many enjoy them. There are many different types of chocolate cake, depending on the recipe and different types of chocolate used * has some kinds. * is made up of matter. + Chocolate cake, Pictures: Cakes<\|endoftext\|>### cake: Crumpet * are cakes. * A 'crumpet' kind of flat, small round bread that is raised by yeast. They are about the same size as an English muffin. They are made in crumpet rings that are four inches wide and usually one inch deep. Crumpets are usually baked on a griddle and served toasted. A well-baked crumpet has a brown bottom and a spongey top that has many tiny holes. Crumpets are toasted whole, while English muffins are split and then toasted. After the baking, crumpets are spread with butter or cream and jam. Donut * Most donuts have calories. * are capable of eatens. * are located in bakeries - conferences - police cars - sweets * have a hole cut out from a round piece of dough * top with powder sugar Fruitcake * are one of the oldest surviving traditional holiday pleasures. * is food - solid objects Moon cake * Some moon cakes come many different shapes. * are the traditional food of harvest and thanksgiving festivals held in Korea. Pancake * Substitute different flours for wheat when making pancakes. * are bands - brain food - breakfast food - buttermilk , whole wheat or gingerbread - cereals - perhaps the oldest prepared food - popular all over Lithuania - probably the oldest prepared food - the very old beginnings of bread and pastry * can differ in tastes according to the spices used during the processing. * made of buckwheat flour is the most popular use of buckwheat in the United States. ### cake \| pancake: Scandinavian pancake * are similar to British pancakes. + Pancake, Variety of pancakes, Scandinavian pancakes: Breakfast foods :: Cakes * Scandinavian pancakes are similar to British pancakes. Traditional Swedish variations can be somewhat exotic. Shortbread * are biscuits * improves with age and can be stored for up to two weeks before serving.<\|endoftext\|>### cake: Tortilla * are Mexican flat breads that resemble thin pancakes - circulars - floppies - indispensable to the Mexican grill - light yellow - located in supermarkets - muy caliente - part of wraps - rounds - served with red and white agave worms in many Mexico city restaurants - softer and are less likely to crack when rolling - the basis for many Mexican dishes - thin round patties of pressed corn or wheat-flour dough cooked on griddles - thins - unleavened bread * constitute the largest component of Mexico's food industry. * wraps come in small and large sizes and a variety of low-fat flavors. ### cake \| tortilla: Corn tortilla * begin with a type of specially treated corn flour called masa harina. * contain calcium. * have very little fat compared to flour tortillas. * provide the basis to which all food is cast. Waffle * add a flavor to American customs also. * are also big - located in fridges - solid food * made with sourdough are light and crisp whether baked as Belgian or traditional waffles. ### calcareous throughout: Annaw soil * are calcareous throughout. * are on alluvial fans, alluvial fan piedmonts, and fan skirts - fan piedmonts and fan skirts	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Calcium compound * are also important in chemistry - colorless * come flooding in, triggering toxic reactions. * reduce blood concentrations of oral tetracyclines. + Calcium, Properties, Calcium compounds: Alkaline earth metals * Calcium compounds are colorless. Most calcium compounds are not toxic. They are needed in the human body, actually. They are unreactive as far as calcium ions go. Calcium oxide was used to make limelights, which have a flame heating calcium oxide and makes it glow very bright - Uses, As chemical compounds * Calcium compounds are also important in chemistry. It is important for making things. * This article seems unclear. Calcium compounds are colorless. This article seems like nonsense	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### calculated index number: Mobility * also implies heavy use of energy resources - means communications - plays a role in dispersing the poor * arises naturally in wireless computing, since the location of users changes as they move. * calculated index number. * can change dramatically under high stress conditions as in dielectric breakdown - mean many different things in the lives of people with disabilities * condition of employment. * fact of life in healthcare. * factor in moving between classroom and theater. * function of the human body. * has to do with moving about physically in the everyday environment, in traffic, etc. * helps increase range of motion while relieving inflammation of the joints. * implies adaptability in the system's architecture and algorithms. * increases one's opportunities for employment, entertainment, information and education. * involves the actual movement from place to place. * is also a way to promote cultural understanding and tolerance. * is an expression of the relationship in urban areas between time and space - important feature of the ever-increasing speed of economic globalization - issue in Europe, mobility is an issue in South America * is critical to full participation in a democratic society - the fabric of human society - dependent upon the fluidity, elasticity and thickness of the disc * is determined by the reaction of the hips and knees - relation of the hips and knees - equated to the ability to express processes which have changing structure - essential to achieve greater personal independence and economic well-being - freedom * is fundamental to economic and social vitality - health, social integration and individual well-being of the human being - important for the self employed - key in today's society - more than the ability to avoid obstacles while moving aimlessly through space - often an important aspect of the function of a protein - one of the activities of daily living which enhances a person's quality of life - probably the biggest concern for individuals who are blind or visually impaired - something people are getting used to - the ability of a language to change dynamically the location of execution of programs * is the ability to consume on the move, but it's also the ability to consume anywhere - navigate safely from one position to another - perform a joint action through a range of movement - act of moving through the environment in a safe, efficient, and independent manner - actual physical process of getting from one place to another - capacity or facility of movement * is the degree to which agents themselves travel through the network - residents can get around within their edge city - driving force behind the rapid growth in the telecom industry * is the physical ability to move safely, independently, and efficiently - skills used to get from place to place - ratio of the drift velocity to the strength of the electric field - used to bring firepower to bear or to evade enemy fire - way of human life, whether it be movement of information mentally or physically - what makes livestock the 'bottom line' in so many peoples' risk and resource allocation * major feature for a robot evolving in a partially unknown environment. * means crossing linguistic and cultural barriers - moving safely from place to place in a graceful and efficient manner - staying connected while moving between two points * occurs by either muscular motility or ciliary motility. * rapidly growing demand in today's business environment. * refers to students who change schools one or more times during an academic year - the number of students who enroll and withdraw during the year * relies heavily on automobile travel. * works against marriage.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### calculated index number \| mobility: Portability * fundamental factor in protecting the investment made in software and data. * is mobility - the ability of a program to be recompiled for another platform * quality of the code that enables it to be built and run on a variety of platforms. * refers to the capability for software to run on different types of hardware - physical device Upward mobility * is an open road - restricted to dung and tufts of hair - the most significant determining factor for minority groups - very rare in the caste system * worldly value - downward mobility means following. Vertical mobility * is movement up and down a hierarchy of stratification. * means that an individual actually moves from one social class to another. * refers to movement up or down a hierarchy in a stratification system.<\|endoftext\|>Calendar * All calendars have some relationship with the solar system - the earth, sun and moon - recognize two great natural divisions of time, the day and the year * Most calendars consist of day periods - contain indexes to persons, places and ships - mark the lunar phases - use months * Some calendars come with the moon phases - even show the stages of the moon for any given day * are a very important part of a person's culture or religion - arrangements - lists * are located in bookstores - desktops - fridges - wrist watchs - one of the tools that groups use to define themselves - printed materials - reference work - tables - the human language of time and timescape - useful tools for children - usually simple methods for dividing up years * begins at birth and spans the first year. * describe the key tax-filing dates for taxpayers. * help people plan, strategize, meet people, find out about things, and be in the know. * includes calendars published by business companies. * keeping people also watch the stars. * often take different forms. * reflect lunar or solar ways of counting off time. * rule commercial affairs in credits, obligations, and settlements. * synchronize with the Palm.<\|endoftext\|>### call-pocket game: Straight pool * call-pocket game - The aim of the game is to reach a set number of points. The amount of points needed to win is agreed to before the game. A typical game might require a player to score 100 points. This means that at least 100 balls must be pocketed to win. In professional competition, straight pool is usually played to 150 points. Straight pool call-pocket game. This means that the player must call what pocket they mean to sink the ball into on every shot. It does not matter how balls reach the pocket. As long as no foul is involved, and the balls goes into the pocket that is called, a point is scored + Straight pool, Rules, The first rack: Cue sports * In most pool games, pocketing a ball and spreading the balls is the aim on the break. Straight pool is different. A safety means a situation where they opponent has no good shot. For that reason, if you break the balls hard, and even if you pocket many balls, you will not be able to go again unless you called one of those balls in a pocket and it goes into that pocket. Callosity * Callosities are horny growths that are covered in barnacles and whale lice - prominent on the rostrum, near blowholes, near eyes, and on the chin and lower lip * is quality ### calming: Conciliation * involves improving communication, building positive perceptions, and promoting trust. * is calming - mediation - peace Calvary * Calvaries are biblical stories told in stone. * is an affliction	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### camels: Bactrian camel * Most Bactrian camels live in the mountain deserts of Asia. * are camels - critically endangered in the wild - diurnal, sleeping in the open at night and foraging for food during the day - handsome guys With long thick brows around their eyes - mammals - native to the steppes of Central Asia - said to be good swimmers * come from the deserts and arid grasslands of Central Asia. * have two humps rather than the single hump of their Arabian relatives - where food and water are stored in the form of fat * live in the Mongolian deserts, where it gets very cold in the winter.<\|endoftext\|>### cameras: Video camera * Many video cameras have auto-iris control - utilize CCD elements that are sensitive to infrared radiation * Most video cameras use interlacing where the even lines are imaged and then the odd lines. * Some video cameras have provisions to mechanically or electronically shutter - offer frame by frame filming for animation * allow school administrators and bus company management to monitor student behavior. * are cameras - commonplace due to the rise of theft and violence in the workplace - electronic devices - mostly plastic - movie cameras * capture images in a video format * collect the light scattered by objects and stores it as electrical information. * deter theft by reducing the temptation that honest people feel. * help evaluate factors such as posture and hand positions. * use an electronic shutter.<\|endoftext\|>Campfire * Use only dead and down wood for campfires. * are a special way of ending a full and happy day - burning - capable of fire hazards - often the main place flags are retired - subject to being banned during extremely dry conditions - verboten to prevent soot scarring of the dry ground * can also lead to local environmental degradation around campsites. * consume scarce vegetation and leave permanent scars on the rocks and land. * generate heat. * is fire * leave permanent scars on the land and are frequently the cause of wildfires. ### cancer cells: White patch * Some white patches can turn into cancer over time. * are cancer cells. * can be due to various causes like infection, autoimmune disorders, burn etc. * result from epistasis by an autosomal gene that shuts off the pigment synthesis. ### cancerous: Malignant growth * are caused by earth rays, bacteria, and fungi. * is cancerous. Malignant tumour * are cancerous - much more serious * can invade and destroy surrounding tissue and have the capacity to spread. * grow rapidly, and invade and destroy adjacent structures as they increase in size. * have the ability to grow and spread to other parts of the body. * invade the ovary and ovarian bursa and tend to spread over the peritoneum. * is another name for cancer. ### candles: Tea light * are like small votives used to warm pots of potpourri and to heat foods. * burn inside woven wire baskets. * is candles. ### cants: Street name * All street names are unique combinations of letters, numbers, and words. * are cants	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### capital investment: Higher education * IS education. * benefits our economy in many ways. * broadens a person's understanding of life. * can train people to be mote rational rather than superstitious. * capital investment. * competitive field - marketplace for students, faculty, and administrative personnel * cost that many families deal with at least once - most families deal with at least once * encompasses society. * exists to keep people thinking ahead. * goal of many parents, especially for their sons. * has a dramatic impact on the future prosperity of our citizens and our state - positive spillover effect for all of society - an important and broad role to play in research on after school programs * includes junior colleges, four-year colleges, and universities. * is about more that just tests, textbooks, and classes - the creation, application and transmission of knowledge - accessible for minorities and the poor - acheived through a number of higher institutions and universities - also on the breastfeeding bandwagon * is an important period for leadership development - integral part of society - international enterprise * is an investment in human progress and prosperity - that pays off handsomely for everyone - beyond the reach of most people due to their poor economic status - campuses, lifelong learning, and human resources training * is central to building a dynamic economy and an inclusive society - development, human progress and freedom - opportunity - the tremendous expansion of Asia - clearly important to achieving success in the labour market - considered the jewel of America's education system - crucial to getting a job in today's global job market - either professional or academic - essential in order to train leaders of the future - heavily involved in research, and research is dependent upon data - higher because it builds on what has been achieved - how nations develop their brainpower - in the business of information and ideas - limited to the elite and their offspring - more about the future and the expansion of knowledge - offered in universities, colleges, institutes, and vocational colleges * is one of the United States' biggest commodities - largest multi-billion dollar industries - greatest equalizers in American society - only one of the many forces that affect the lives of our students - performed by universities, colleges, institutes and vocational colleges - possible for only a fraction of the literate population - preached from the pulpit as if it requirement for salvation * is provided by a number of public and private universities - both public and private institutions * is the business of improving and changing the world - driving force behind California's economy - fifth largest service sector export of the United States - instrument for shaping and creating our future - key to economic growth - most certain path from poverty to success - single most important factor in producing a high degree of participation - tied in with economic development, everything is related * is viewed as a gateway to good jobs, respect and a middle class life style - an engine of economic development - what usually commands a higher pay level * labor intensive business. * large and diverse market for information technology * leads women into executive positions. * major investment of money and time for parents and students. * makes it possible for women to enter into research. * microcosm of the dangers and the powerlessness, alike. * needs to make a difference in peoples' lives. * people business. * place-based enterprise. * private good as well as a public benefit. * provides a wide range of individual, societal, and economic benefits. * public good, creating enormous collective benefits to the nation. * refers to courses that are higher than 'A' level. * relates to government on three levels. * source for cultural enlightenment and group activity. * stimulates adults to participate in the learning process. * time of passage, of preparation and of growth. * works to enable human beings to reach higher levels of development. + Higher education, Preparation: Education * Higher education is either professional or academic. You can study for a diploma or a degree. Graduates can study for a masters or doctorate. Places of higher education were traditionally called universities, but there are other names like institute, teaching training college, academy, conservatory, and polytechnic.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### capital punishment: Lethal injection * are capital punishment. * is no less a human rights violation than electrocution. * is the method most used for execution in America - of execution in Pennsylvania * is the most common means of execution in the United States - used method of capital punishment today - presumed method of execution in Washington state - used in only a handful of countries<\|endoftext\|>### capital-intensive industry: Shipping * are delivery services - hires - rides * begins when the plants begin to break dormancy. * capital-intensive industry. * crucial sector of our economy because of our strategic location between East and West. * is based on the weight, value and distance to travel - basically an environmentally friendly mode of transport - divided into Eastern and Western states * is included within the Continental United States * is one of Greece's largest industries - the most competitive and flexible industries in the world * is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly form of transportation - thorn in the side of online shopping - vital to the Australian economy * key means of transportation between the South and the North. * litigious industry.<\|endoftext\|>### capital-intensive industry \| shipping: Air transport * brings infants and children from as far away as Israel and Hawaii. * drives economic progress and in turn benefits from it. * includes large air carriers to commuters and freight services. * is essential to economic progress - increasing understanding of different cultures - fundamentally the basis for economic development in all parts of the world * is the most important for transporting people - only sector where progress has been made, particularly as regards air safety - quickest and most efficient means of travel Free shipping * Free Shipping is limited to the continental United States. * can be the difference in acquiring a new customer or ultimately making a sale.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Capitalism * Biblical concept. * advocates the building of a never-ending capital. * alienates people from their work and creates a degenerate society. * allows for a wealthy elite while millions starve in the supposed land of equality - people to solve the problems of mutually destructive behavior - the individual to enjoy the fruit of ones labour * also assumes the profit motive serves a cleansing function - comes with an automatic feedback mechanism that prevents a gross excess of capacity - constitutes and an obstacle to the formation of balanced markets - recognizes the freedom of the human person - relies on specialization to produce goods and services * always loses when compared to the promises of communism and socialism. * bans the initiation of force from all human relationships. * begins with an exploitation of labor of workers. * believes in profit and return on investment - that every person deserves an opportunity * big, worldwide system. * breeds greed, agression, isolation and self-intrest. * brings a lot of stress to people unnecessarily - together workers from a range of backgrounds * can change the foundations of economics in a country - never abolish slavery since it is based on wage slavery - run, even flourish, in a society of selfish cynics * celebrates individualism. * combines formal equality with economic and, consequently, social inequality - what geography, language, and religion have kept apart * comes in a variety of forms. * concentrates money and power in the hands of the few. * continues to have instability - open the chasm between rich and poor * creates contradictions in people's experience - hunger for criminality - inequality, and poverty creates a lack of culture - poverty and inequality - prosperity - unrest through an excess of products available to consumers - wealth, but limits freedom * creeps into every aspect of life. * cruel and unjust system. * cyclical system. * daily purveyor of misery and death. * dead end for humanity * demands accumulation and expansion and has little room for compassion. * denies the banal dichotomy between property values and human values. * depends upon competition. * destroys social relations. * develops spontaneously. * does breed innovation and competition. * drives innovation - workers' wages down to the subsistence level * dynamic system. * encourages invention, innovation and technological advance - people to put profit first - the maximization of self-interest * euphemism for white-collar crime. * exalts the selfish individual. * excels at enriching industrialized countries at the cost to the rest of the world. * exists throughout the world - to produce ads * exports food from the hungriest nations in the world and imports it to the fattest. * expropriates the wealth created by working people through their labor. * faces a crisis of accumulation. * falls apart when a monopoly forms. * fight to the death. * form of life in which it is very hard to live fully in the present. * fraud within a fraud. * fuels freedom. * gives people the opportunity to obtain economic freedom while helping others. * global system which subordinates human and environmental existence to money making - system, with the rule of the market imposed everywhere, usually by force * good theory because it works in practice. * has a short term outlook - sibling in political philosophy called liberalism - an iron grip on the political process - lowest taxes, freest markets and smallest government - no easily dated origin - social production and private appropriation * hinges on laws to promote, restrain, and subsidize transactions. * holds profits derived from risk and investment to be as honorable as wages or rent. * inevitably means impoverishment, oppression and conflict. * inherently discriminates against merchants who are jerks. * institutionalizes variety, motivates excellence, but often neglects security. * is The market, like gravity, is. * is about capital, it s about money - freedom to choose - interdependence and the exchange of services - risk and reward - the right to own private property - winning, and about dominating and controlling the market * is accompanied by the ideal of freedom as something to be attained * is all about relations of power - risk and excess - also a highly cooperative system - always theft and often murder * is an amoral economic philosophy, which admits no obligation to social responsibility - anarchic and crisis-ridden economic system based on production for profit - art form, an Apollonian fabrication to rival nature * is an economic system based on individual rights - in which the factors of production are privately owned - that allows much freedom but provides few protections - ideology with a very shakey grip on the minds of the populace * is an international system and it can only be combatted on the international arena - system, organised on an international basis - organized economic system - unequal system that exploits and brutalises human beings for profit * is based on an unequal distribution of wealth and power - family - forms of organization that require careful calculation rather than habit - private ownership of the means of production and on competition for profits - profit and exploitation - property rights, and democracy on personal rights * is based on the exploitation of man by man - the working class by the ruling class - notion of the supremacy of the individual - right to property - upon exploitation - believed to have too much of a certain principle in it, namely, too much freedom - built on the firm foundation of individual liberty * is by far the most fair system in terms of opportunity - the definition an alienated relationship between means and ends - centered on the principle of property rights and the defense of such rights - characterized by all but one of the following - civilization s current dominant manifestation - competition, it forces people to compete to make the best product possible - dangerous to children and other living things - defined within the context of a discussion of commodity producing societies * is driven by competition and the desire to constantly upgrade products - selfish accumulation, democracy by altruistic cooperation * is essentially a scheme for peaceful nations - an amoral system based on exploitation * is essentially mass production for the satisfaction of the needs of the masses - satisfaction of the wants of the masses - evil and corporations are the devil - first an foremost a system in which workers are proletarianized - fundamentally a risk-management system - good for people and for other living things - how to make a profit, and nothing else * is human action toward the creation of value - in a crisis and unemployment is increasing every year - inexorably rational and inevitably cruel * is inherently incompatible with the survival of the Earth's life sustaining processes - out of order with natural law - pessimistic or nihilistic - prodigal of resources - less and less capable of coping with advances in science and technology - like any other system in that it relies on the integrity of the participants - marked by the exploitation and commodification of human labor power - never self-regulating - notorious and defined by private property in the basic means of production - on the decline as it depended on the continual expansion of the economic system * is one of many possible economic systems - variant of liberalism - way in which oppression is fueled - only one stage in the progress of humankind - opposed to slave states * is organized acquisitiveness - on a global scale * is our industrial-age evolution - politics - private ownership of the means of production, and anarchy in production - promise and fulfillment - rampant, in part due to economic synergies of networking - rejected by the modern right-which preaches enterprise but practices protectionism - relatively new in human history - rife with greed - simply the process by which technology evolves - subject to business cycles - superior to socialism as a means of achieving economic justice - supposed to give people choice * is the best economic system ever devised - yet devised - system for the poor - economic system in which the commodity relation becomes all pervasive * is the exploitation of man by man and communism is the reverse - fastest route to a clean environment - freest form of exchange between individuals - growth of an industry with a concentration on production - last expression of class rule - lifeblood of the United States - main cause of both overpopulation and the ecological crisis - means of production, socialism is the means of the government * is the most flexible system yet created by humans - productive economic system found in human history - name of the system which rules our lives * is the only ethical economic system - moral economic system in the world - proven system that enables everyone to become richer - religion in the west that is practiced without an iota of hypocrisy - social system compatible with individual liberty * is the only social system that bars the initiation of force in human relationships - rewards virtue and punishes vice - socio-economic system based entirely on the doctrine of individual rights - system based on law and reason * is the only system that allows freedom of religion, including freedom from it - fully allows and encourages the virtues necessary for human life * is the only way resources can be allocated without the use of force - to promote the well-being of the masses - opposite of greed - private ownership of the means of production for profit - profit and loss system - real enemy of tyranny - rule of capital - social system based on the principle of inalienable individual rights * is the system of individual rights - of laissez faire - that recognizes and protects individual rights - tool of change, and resources are the driving force of that tool * is the worst economic system, except for all the others - way to run an economy except for all others - today's version of the what and democracy is the how - too easy to tend to a downward spiral resulting in economic and social ruin - typified by a desire to create a mass market - undemocratic, especially when combined with racism and sexism - unstable and leads to economic crisis - vindicated by the disintegration of 'state socialism' - what created the middle class in America, the largest the world has ever seen - wicked because it fosters greed, materialism, consumerism * is, in many important ways, dehumanizing - short, morally corrupting, both for the individual and business * knows no morality when it comes to profit. * leads to dole queues, the scramble for markets, and war - excessive market concentration - exploitation of workers, which promotes inequality - greed and suffering * lives on profits, on the surplus value it extracts from workers' labor. * lose-lose situation for the working class. * makes benevolence affordable to individuals - for free trade, free markets, limited governmental power, and peace - profits by the exploitation of labor * male supremacist society. * market economy. * means allowing people to get rich by serving the needs of others - exploitation and repression - to Make Money * mode of production that moves assets to their highest valued uses. * moral system if only because it is based on trust - that depends on free exchange * needs women to work. * non-utopian system. * now operates globally. * offers only poverty sandwiched between periods of growth. * often goes hand in had with political freedom. * only triumphs when it becomes identified with the state, when it is the state. * operates on investments. * pays no respect to hierarchies of power. * places profits before the welfare of people, thus causing poverty. * point of view and a way of life. * pollutes the air, the water, and seas. * powerful force that influences governments, institutions, and people. * produces poverty and alienation which in turn generates crime. * productive, efficient, and powerful organizer of human energies. * promotes inequality and social injustice on a global scale. * protects all individuals from being sacrificed to any group. * provides jobs for workers. * relies on the market system to allocate scarce resources among competing wants. * replaces government of the people as the security for their rights. * respects the market as the only effective and fair means of allocating scarce goods. * rests on the bases of private property and the competition of the free market - exploitation of the many by the few - upon a foundation of private property rights * results in ever-widening circles of service to others. * separates workers from each other. * serves as the catalyst for revolution, as it provides for the separation of classes - people as consumers, as buyers of what others produce * simply takes over ideas about gender that existed before it. * social system based on the principle of individual rights - founded upon individual rights * soul-crushing system. * stands for freedom. * subverts morality when it uses the sacred days to create possessive individualism. * system based on individual freedom. * system based on production for profit and consequently on exploitation - designed to encourage commercial expansion beyond the local level * system of profit and loss - that works via self-interest - through which human wealth is reproduced * tends to degrade the work process - despoil the land and pollute the atmosphere * tends to destroy all social relations - the ancient forms of privilege and oppression - disemploy people * thrives off exploiting others, it is the only way it can continue to grow - on undoing the excess of capitalism * too depends on reason. * totalitarian superorganism. * type of felony. * value only to people who want to enjoy prosperity. * violates human rights, they say, since some people are rich and others poor. * works best when unfettered markets set prices - by constantly displacing old ideas with new and better ideas, products and methods * world system.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### capitalism: Competitive capitalism * demands a definite level of unemployment to reduce wages. * is Darwinist in nature. Corporate capitalism * can raise private armies, monopolies and trusts. * is the natural adversary of entrepreneurial capitalism. Global capitalism * can only give rise to greater divisions between rich and poor. * code word for theft. * means poverty and starvation for much of the worlds population. * molds the consumer far more than it responds to consumer desires. Liberal capitalism * is the most dynamic social system humanity has ever created. * stresses the absolute autonomy of the individual capitalist, or owner of capital. Modern capitalism * involves the concentration of ownership in a very few people. * is essentially mass production for the needs of the masses - locked into a cycle of greed - more than just a form of economic organization * system where monopolies dominate. Monopoly capitalism * breeds wars of aggression both at home and abroad. * is an obstacle to the further advancement of the material well-being of society. * restricts capitalist trade and production. * system of intemational exploitation - imperialism. Venture capitalism * involves providing external financial capital for high-risk ventures. * is capitalism. ### capitalisms greatest virtue: Amorality * is capitalism's greatest virtue - quality * starts with assigning people numbers instead of names. ### captive animals: Zoo animal * Most zoo animals have diets. * Some zoo animals suffer from neglect and abuse, too. * are captive animals - often heavier - wild and potentially dangerous * live in conditions where outlets for their natural instincts are continually frustrated.<\|endoftext\|>Carbide * Some carbides are unaffected by water, e.g., chromium carbide and silicon carbide. * dominate among the ferromagnetic phases. * is an extremely hard material - inorganic compound - especially prone to heat buildup during grinding - made to be very resistant to wear and corrosion - organic compounds * is used as a substrate to provide a solid base which can be easily brazed to tips of tools - for inserts because it is very wear resistant - very hard, but it is also brittle * retain their wear resistant properties due to low particle temperature. ### carbide: Tungsten carbide * are very hard and are used in cutting tools. * is also a natural for drilling equipment - chemical compounds - extremely hard and is used for making cutting tools and abrasives - impregnated to the inside surface of the tips for a secure grasp - interstitial carbide - of great importance to the metal-working, mining, and petroleum industries - used in place of diamond for dies and as an abrasive * made up of chemically bonded tungsten and carbide.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Carbohydrate * All carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - digest to form blood sugar - eventually turn into sugar in the blood - have four calories of energy per gram of weight * Every carbohydrate has a glycemic index. * Is an organic compound composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. * Know the difference between a triose, pentose and hexose. * Many carbohydrates form hydrogen-bonded complexes with enzymes and other proteins - occur naturally in plant-based foods, such as grains - score high since they are broken down in the body into sugar * Most carbohydrates are a great source of energy and low in fat - formed by bonds - produced by green plants in the process of undergoing photosynthesis - used for energy for organisms - cause problems - come from sugar * Most carbohydrates contain calories - vitamins - enhance uptake - find in fruit * Most carbohydrates have carbon hydrogen - direct impact - levels - low impact * Most carbohydrates help energy - sustain energy - improve performance - make up food - pass into bloodstreams - produce glucose * Most carbohydrates provide blood sugar - fuel - nutrients * Most carbohydrates reach intestines - large intestines - lower intestines - release energy * Most carbohydrates serve functions - other body functions - supply energy - support energy metabolism * Most carbohydrates use energy * Some carbohydrates are consumed by african apes - insoluble while some are soluble in water * Some carbohydrates are produced by leaves - structural molecules, which provide support and protection * Some carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide - break down muscles * Some carbohydrates cause dehydration - diabetes - imbalances - spikes - come from fruit * Some carbohydrates contain fibre * Some carbohydrates contribute fiber to the diet - to accumulation - derive from grain - do so better than others and some carbohydrates are more fattening than others * Some carbohydrates find in bread - cucumbers - many common food - vegetables - white bread * Some carbohydrates have a simple structure that easily breaks down into glucose - effects - minimal effects * Some carbohydrates lead to blood sugar imbalances - insulin resistance - promote inflammation - provide vitamins - stimulate production * a. Are the quickest, most readily available source of energy. * act as brain food. * also form weak-bonded complexes with polyphenols and proteins - have more nutrients than sugars - help keep blood sugar at appropriate levels during exercise - increase the rate of muscle glycogen synthesis which is important for recovery - leach quickly during early decomposition - play a large role in the thirst equation - plays a role by causing blood sugars to rise, resulting in increased hunger - provide glucose for increased metabolic demands of the body as a whole - replenish spent muscle-glycogen stores - stimulate the body's metabolism and enhance the body's ability to burn body fat - turn into sugar in the system, so that has to watched as well * appear in forms of natural sugars, starches, and cellulose. * are a broad term that includes fibre and various types of sugars - drug - major fuel source for muscles - more effective and less costly source of energy - necessary energy source found in vegetable and grain products - super source of energy - type of calorie-providing macronutrient found in many foods and beverages - vital part of a sensible weight management program * are abundant in natural foods - nature, such as in fruits and vegetables - addictive * are also in foods such as breads, cereals, and pasta - natural appetite suppressors * are also the most important nutrient for losing fat and building muscle - only dietary fuel source that can be used for maximum intensity work - very important in the diet of a wrestler * are an essential energy source for most life forms - part of our diet, along with protein, fat, and water - source of energy and help in the growth of body tissues, hair - excellent source of energy and provide valuable vitamins, minerals, and fiber * are an important part of a diabetic's diet - healthy diet, but choose wisely * are an important source of energy for children - for the body - any food source that comes out of the earth - best suited to maintaining blood sugar levels and warding off hunger pangs - burned more rapidly than proteins and high fat foods - by far the most abundant of the three - chemical compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - classified as simple or complex * are complex branches of simple sugars - sugars made up of monomers of monosaccharides - compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms * are compounds made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen - up of sugars - such as glucose, ribose, deoxyribose, starch and cellulose - that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - considered simple or complex based upon their chemical structure - critical for energy - detrimental because they secrete a hormone, insulin * are either simple like sugar, or complex like starch - especially important for sportsmen * are essential for the smooth functioning of our body organs - in many organisms - fuel and are burned up easily - generally low in fat and provide an energy source for the body - good sources of energy and assist in putting on needed weight - healthy, filling, satisfying and taste good, but they can also add weight - helpful in weight reduction diets since they contain half as many calories as fat - high energy foods and are necessary for the active person - high-octane fuels - important for sperm recognition of the egg surface * are important in the diet because they provide the body with energy - morning, as they provide crucial energy for the body - mainly as an energy source for the body * are important sources of a. monosaccharides - hydrogen ions which are released by oxidation * are important to provide energy for the horse to perform properly - the body in many ways * are in foods like bread, potatoes, fruits and vegetables - pasta, fruits and vegetables - rice, potatoes, bread, noodles, rice, fruits, and vegetables - that contain sugar, such as fruits - plentiful supply in a vegetarian diet - less mineralized than under temperate climate conditions - macromolecules * are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen - the sugar glucose - out of monosaccharides - mainly a source of energy * are molecules present in many foods, especially vegetables - that are short to long chains of sugar molecules - more fattening than protiens - mostly to provide energy, but they also help construct nerves and cells * are necessary for energy - the function of the brain and nervous system * are needed to fuel the body and protein to keep the muscles and glands healthy - provide energy during exercise - no more fattening than any other food - nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen * are of great importance in biology - several types - often less filling and leave the stomach faster * are one of the main sources of energy for working muscles - types of nutrients * are organic matter - nutrients that are the main source of energy for the body * are our bodies most efficient and preferred form of fuel - main source of calories - primary source of fuel - present in varying amounts in many foods - simply chains of single sugar molecules hooked together - single sugars and chains of sugars - starches and sugars - starches, sweets, fruits and vegetables - still fine, but eat whole grains and fruit that are more slowly absorbed - stored mostly in the muscles and liver * are sugars and starches - strung together in a complex structure * are the ONLY fuel for the brain - basic fuel molecules of the cell * are the best and most easily utilized form of energy - form of energy for activity - fuel for all of our cells - source of food energy - body's first choice for a fuel source * are the body's main source of energy, or calories - number one energy source * are the body's preferred and main source of fuel or energy - source of energy, but the body stores only limited amounts * are the body's primary source of energy - fuel for energy - chief source of energy in a diet plan for athletes - cornerstone of the athletes diet - first fuel source used during exercise - foundation for athletic explosion and energy * are the fuel for building a weightlifter's body - energy in our bodies - high octane energy source - ideal body fuel * are the key source of energy in the human body - to successful dietary treatment of diabetes - main energy source being utilized during an event * are the main source of energy for cells - for our body - fuel for our brains and muscles * are the major source of energy for the body * are the most abundant biological molecules - biomolecule on Earth - components of plants * are the most common source of energy for the human body - type of organic compound - efficient source of energy for an athlete - important food required to meet energy needs for exercise - nutrient from which all other nutrients are derived * are the only biopolymers that can form branched structures - fuel that can be broken down and used anaerobically - organic compounds that make up biomass * are the preferred energy source - fuel of the muscles - premium fuel for athletes - primary energy source for the body * are the primary fuel source for the body - used for weight lifting * are the primary source of energy - food energy for most living systems - simplest types of foods manufactured and stored by plants - sugars, starches, and fiber found in many foods - things like sugars, starch and flour which come mostly from plants - ubiquitous in nature and their properties and uses are too numerous to mention - unlikely to be in short supply in the average varied diet * are used for energy - mostly as fuel or energy reserves in the organism - to maintain the plant and for growth after defoliation or dormancy - usually the best choice, with dairy being the worst - utilized as energy rich sources to the plant, for their entire activity - valuable energy units - variable length strands made from beads of sugar * are very important in our diet - to the body since they are the primary source of energy - much reduced in the diet - widespread in nature and diverse in their function - well known as our energy food * are what a bird uses to produce body heat - diabetics measure in their food and meals in a day * bind toxins. * binding activity is stabilized by an antibody specific for a calcium-dependent epitope. * boost serotonin in the brain, which produces a calming effect. * break down in the body to a sugar called glucose - into glucose, and glucose is the major fuel for immune cells * breaks down into glucose during digestion and raises blood glucose levels - in the digestive system * can be 'simple carbohydrates' or 'complex carbohydrates' - complex or simple - in the form of complex and simple carbohydrate - more than just a source of fuel - simple in their chemical structure like sugar, or complex like cellulose - cause insulin levels to rise creating unstable sugar levels - help replace fat in the diet - increase serotonin levels, cause sleepiness - lead to diabetes * changes during maturation of cucumber fruit. * come from grains like wheat, oats, barley, rice and corn * come in different shapes and sizes but all are starches - good and bad forms - the form of grains, sugars, fruits, and vegetables * come in two forms, simple and complex - main types, simple and complex * consist mostly of sugars and starches - of fiber and non-fiber components * consists of starch, sugars and fibre and is an important source of energy. * constitute one very important class of dissolved organic compounds in marine waters. * consumed to correct a low can overcorrect, causing a high. * contain a group of large molecules known as starch - variety of essential nutrients in proportion to the number of calories - an equal amount of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - cellulose which provides roughage for the movement of bowels - four calories per gram while fat contains nine calories per gram - hydroxyl groups - lots of in vitamins - only four calories per gram * cost less than fats and are easily digested, absorbed and transformed into fat. * digests most quickly. * directly raise blood glucose levels. * empty the fastest, with proteins emptying more slowly and fatty foods the slowest. * encompass a number of different sugars, starches and fibers which are found in food. * enhance mental performance because the brain thrives on glucose - the absorption of tryptophan, which is converted into serotonin in the brain * feeding during prolonged strenuous exercise can delay fatigue. * form the foundation of any diet. * give a quick, solid energy base - energy to the body - the biggest boost - young children quick energy * greatly raises insulin and has no effect on glucagon - stimulate insulin secretion * have a calming effect - much higher Heat Increment - less than half the energy value of fats - several functions in the body - structural roles and serve as forms of transportable and stored energy - the most effect on blood sugar - zero to do with causing diabetes * help boost levels of the neurotransmitter seortine, which has calming effects * include simple sugar * includes atoms. * includes chemical chain * including fruits, vegetables, beans, and grains provide most of the body's energy. * increase glycogen levels - serotonin levels in the brain, as well as give added energy * increase serotonin, which acts as an antidepressant - produces a depressing or sleepy feeling * is an organic compound - found in starches and sugars - necessary to replace spent glycogen-a primary fuel source in exercise - the primary fuel for brain - usually a much less expensive source of energy * made during photosynthesis benefit the plant when they are converted to energy. * make up a large portion of a healthy diet - the broad base * means carbon dioxide combined with water. * normally function as a. the functional unit of lipids. * normally function in animals as A. a component of triglycerides - the functional units of lipids * often contain oxygen, which polar or charged atom. * originate from fruits, vegetables, grains, and processed flours and sugars. * play a key role in everything from healing wounds to heart disease - role of neurite outgrowth in vivo during development and regeneration * play an important role in the body's metabolism - growth and spread of cancer - with metabolism * prevent fatigue and dangerous fluid imbalances. * produce energy faster than do fats * produced in the fall are used to break dormancy in spring. * provide a good source of energy, which the body needs to function well - energy,which the body needs to function well - rapid source of energy while fats can provide a prolonged source of fuel - source of quick energy for man - an energy source, which is needed for colony maintenance - energy, the power to think, achieve and play - fuel for peak performance - glucose required for energy in our muscles and brain - muscle fuel and energy - our bodies with short bursts of quick energy * provide the body with a continuous source of energy - cell with energy * provide the fuel for the production of energy - needed for muscle-building exercise - main energy source for infant growth and development - major source of our energy intake - match that ignites the body's fats * replace hydrocarbons. * require an alkaline environment - burning of energy to convert to fat, whereas fat is converted directly to fat * require less oxygen for metabolism than fats and proteins - to break down for energy than do fats * reset the reset the metabolic rate body metabolic rate. * serve as an energy source or have structural roles * serves as a precursor to fat burning. * spend the least time in the stomach. * stimulate the appetite and are addictive. * stored in the roots fuel the growth of new shoots each season. * supplies the body with energy. * supply calories just as protein and fats do. * supply energy and assist in the utilization of fats - large amounts of the sugar glucose * temporarily raise serotonin levels, but apparently at a price. * tend to empty from the digestive system quickly if consumed alone - hold more water than does protein * tends to have a stronger effect on our blood sugar levels when eaten alone. * then become an increasingly important source of fuel - pass through food webs to consumers * usually come from plants and are divided into two categories - simple and complex. * very important nutrient as it provides energy to the muscles. * yield more energy per unit of oxygen consumed than fats - readily available glucose and are the best fuel for the body + Carbohydrate, Nutrition and foods: Biochemistry :: Nutrition * Carbohydrates are the most common source of energy for the human body. Protein builds tissue and cells in the body. Carbohydrates are very good for energy, but, if a person eats more than needed, the extra is changed into fat. + Nutrient, Substances that provide energy: Ecology + Sugar: Carbohydrates :: Chemical compounds :: Sweeteners * Scientists call sugars carbohydrates. This is because sugars are made from carbon and water. Carbohydrates can be 'simple carbohydrates' or 'complex carbohydrates'. Simple carbohydrates are made of only one or a few of the smallest sugars. Complex carbohydrates are made of 'many' of the smallest sugars.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### carbohydrate: Carbohydrate counting * is part of both diet management systems - which is fast becoming the method of choice for diet management * meal-planning approach used for patients with diabetes.<\|endoftext\|>### carbohydrate: Complex carbohydrate * More complex carbohydrates are formed by the combination of simple sugars into chains. * Most complex carbohydrates are high fiber foods that digest more slowly - cause problems - find in fruit - have sugar * Most complex carbohydrates help energy - sustain energy * Most complex carbohydrates provide blood sugar - release energy * Most complex carbohydrates serve functions - other body functions * Some complex carbohydrates are indigestible in humans and other monogastric species. * Some complex carbohydrates find in plants - vegetables - have a higher glycemic index than some of the simple carbohydrates - provide vitamins * are a diet staple - very important part of our diets - absorbed by the body differently than simple carbohydrates * are also a wonderful source of dietary fiber - healthful - among the most important nutrients for maintaining muscle tissue * are an excellent source of energy and other nutrients - important source of energy, especially in lowfat diets - better than simple carbohydrates at supplying nutrients to the body - broken down slowly, so they are best - compounds of long strands of many simple sugars linked together - food like beans, brown rice, fruits and vegetables - foods such as whole grain breads and cereals, fruits and vegetables - found in foods such as pasta, bagels, whole grain breads, and rice - glucose molecules usually combined with fiber, cellulose and starches * are high in fiber filling the stomach and giving a sensation of satiation - important as well - in cereals, pasta, bread, vegetables and fruits * are long chains of sugars linked together - longer chains of sugars, such as starches and fiber * are made of 'many' of the smallest sugars - up of many sugar molecules linked together in a chain - many molecules of simple sugars linked together like beads on a string * are more nutrient dense than simple - nutritious than simple carbohydrates - necessary throughout the day - polysaccharides, which means they are chains of dozens of sugars - potatoes, brown rice, oatmeal and high grain pasta - starch, glycogen, and cellulose * are starches like rice, bread, pasta, potatoes, corn, peas and beans - of vegetables and grains * are the basis of a healthy balanced diet - key to controlling normal blood sugar levels - main sources of dietary fiber, an important part of a healthy diet - starches and fibers in grains, vegetables and legumes - to the human body what fuel is to an engine * make their metabolic rates soar, exacerbating their weight problems. * provide a slow, sustained release of energy - dietary fiber which helps maintain proper digestive functioning - much needed energy - needed body fuel - the best source for long-term energy - their sugars gradually + Nutrition: Healthy lifestyle :: Physiques * Carbohydrates are not needed by the body but most people eat a lot of them. Complex carbohydrates are more nutritious than simple carbohydrates. They take longer to digest. Because they stay in the stomach for longer they leave the person who has eaten them feeling fuller for longer. + Sugar: Carbohydrates :: Chemical compounds :: Sweeteners * Scientists call sugars carbohydrates. This is because sugars are made from carbon and water. Carbohydrates can be 'simple carbohydrates' or 'complex carbohydrates'. Simple carbohydrates are made of only one or a few of the smallest sugars. Complex carbohydrates are made of 'many' of the smallest sugars. Deoxyribose * includes atoms. * includes chemical chain - groups	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### carbohydrate: Dietary carbohydrate * Some dietary carbohydrates are consumed by african apes * Some dietary carbohydrates have effects - minimal effects * are an essential energy source as well useful sweetening agents - plentiful in our foods * enhances intestinal sugar transport in diabetic mice. * play a siginificant role. Excess carbohydrate * is stored as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle. * raises triglycerides.<\|endoftext\|>### carbohydrate: Lactose * acts as an inducer to turn on the operon. * alone is responsible for more than one-third of the osmotic pressure of normal milk. * also imparts sweetness or palatability factors to the feed. * binds the repressor and knocks it off the operator. * breaks down enzymatically to glucose and galactose - into glucose and galactose * comes from milk. * contains galactose that is needed to develop the myelin sheath which insulates the nerves. * forms the major part of milk's dry matter content. * hides in the most unusual foods. * includes atoms. * includes chemical chain - groups * inhibits the repressor. * is chemical compounds. * is milk sugar, the only carbohydrate source naturally available to infants - present in all milks - quite common in tablets, capsules, and homeopathic remedies - sugar naturally found in milk - unabsorbable and increases the osmotic gradient within the small intestine * produces clinical symptoms such as diarrhea and gas in about one-third of the population. * reduced milk is sold in some supermarkets. + Promoter (genetics): Genetics * Lactose inhibits the repressor. This allows the RNA polymerase to bind with the promoter, and express the genes. The genes now synthesize lactase. Eventually, the lactase will digest all of the lactose, until there is none to bind to the repressor. The repressor will then bind to the operator, stopping the manufacture of lactase.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### carbohydrate \| lactose: Lactose intolerance * affects about half the Earth's population - many people * can also cause gas, but is extremely rare in infants - hinder optimal calcium intake - lead to inadequate calcium intake - make sufferers lives a misery - manifest in many strange ways - sometimes occur for a period of time after giardial infection * causes abdominal bloating and discomfort - stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhea, and gas * common problem, especially in elderly persons. * commonly known food intolerance. * condition caused by a lack of an enzyme called lactase. * does cause loose stools. * is also more common among certain ethnic groups. * is an example of an adverse food reaction - inability to digest the main sugar in milk - caused by a lack of lactase * is common among people from the Mediterranean area - and a normal consequence of aging * is common in Finland - adults - common, affecting nearly three-quarters of the world's population * is different for each person - than a milk allergy * is due to an inability to produce lactase, the enzyme that digests milk sugar - the lack of b -galactosidase - found in both children and adults - genetic diseases - hereditary - illnesses - least common among people with a northern European heritage - often dose dependent * is one example of a food intolerance - explanation for the gas - probably the most well known malady caused by the lack of a disaccharidase - still a problem in a lot of humans * is the body's inability to digest lactose normally - lactose, the sugar in milk * is the inability to break down or digest lactose - properly digest milk sugar, also known as lactose * is the same as being allergic to milk - intolerance or allergy to cow's milk protein - very common and occasionally is only seen in later ages * is.more common in certain populations. * natural process and there is no reliable way to prevent or reverse it. * non-immunological disease which is due to an enzyme deficiency. * occurs due to an absence or deficiency of the intestinal enzyme lactase - when the body has trouble breaking down the milk sugar * produces symptoms like bloating and gas. * takes several forms. * tends to develop slowly over time. * varies markedly among various human populations. * well-studied metabolic disorder.<\|endoftext\|>### carbohydrate: Monosaccharide * Most monosaccharides contain atoms - carbon atoms - exist as cyclic hemiacetals or hemiketals * Some monosaccharides are modified by cellular enzymes to enhance or change their cellular function - find in sugar - have a sweet taste - pass through walls * are carbohydrates - simple sugars with a carbon backbone of three to seven carbon atoms - sweet-tasting solids that are very soluble in water * are the basic units from which all other carbohydrates are built - simplest carbohydrates - smallest type of carbohydrate formed by hydrolysis reactions * can form polymers like starch and glycogen - react with alcohols to produce acetals or ketals that are called glycosides * have a ring-like structure, kind of like a hexagon. * includes atoms. * includes chemical chain - groups * is sugar	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### carbohydrate \| monosaccharide: Fructose * Some fructose contains food. * Some fructose finds in beverages - sugary beverages * Some fructose is produced by certain plants * attracts more water than sucrose, therefore fructose sweetened products tend to be moist. * comes from fruit and honey, and raises blood sugar more slowly than glucose. * contributes the most sweetness per unit, followed by glucose and sucrose. * enters the glycolytic pathway through the liver or skeletal muscle. * is certainly more desirable than common sugar, but is still void of nutrients - chemical compounds - more soluble in water than sucrose, so fructose provides a more desirable syrup * is present in fruits and honey or produced from sucrose - sucrose and other glucofructans with higher molecular weights * provides just as much energy as sucrose or any other sugar.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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