question
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56875",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Regarding WTO announcement on the Korean import ban of fish from Fukushima\netc:\n\n> ＷＴＯは２３日、「輸入の禁止は差別で、韓国は **必要以上に貿易の決まりを厳しくしている** 」と言いました。 \n> On the 23rd the WTO said that the import ban is discriminatory and, South\n> Korea are _making the trade rules more strict than necessary_.\n\nI'm having trouble parsing the part in bold.\n\nする doesn't translate well as 'make' here. The WTO makes the rules, not the\nKoreans. Can する mean 'interpret' in this context?\n\nOn its own I would translate 決まりを厳しくする as 'make the rules strict'. Again if する\ncould mean 'interpret' then I could treat 寂しく adverbially and get\n'interpreting the rules strictly' which would make more sense.\n\nFinally, I'm struggling with how to join 必要以上に to all of this. I'm familiar\nwith the construct AにBをする 'make B (into) A', but if I use this I get 'make the\nrules more than necessary' which is nonsense.\n\nHow do I put all these pieces together to make something meaningful?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-25T19:08:25.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56874",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T01:20:39.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Meaning of AにBを+adverb+する",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "Using the word 'make' here is appropriate. Korea is unilaterally 'making'\ntheir own set of 'rules' (decisions) or modifying existing decisions in\ncontrast with what the WTO has suggested or ruled on.\n\nIf you don't like the word 'make', I would suggest 'implement'.\n\nAs far as what is being done 'more than necessary', it would be the\n'strictness' of the implementation. 必要以上厳しくしている.\n\n> 韓国は必要以上に（貿易の決まりを）厳しくしている。\n\nKorea is making the (implementation of the) trade decision (to restrict import\nof fish) more strict than is necessary. (in a manner which exceeds their\nmandate).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-25T19:41:34.170",
"id": "56875",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-25T19:41:34.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56874",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56874
|
56875
|
56875
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56883",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I don't understand the usage of あるく in this sentence:\n\n> おれはあさっての朝早く、鳥のうちを一軒ずつまわって、お前が来たかどうかを聞いてあるく。\n\nAs I read it, it's \"On the morning of the day after tomorrow, I will visit the\nbirds' houses one at a time and ask whether or not you came there.\"\n\n**The 聞いてあるく is throwing me. Why is あるく linked to 聞く's continuative form and\nwhat does あるく (\"to walk\") mean in this context?** \nMy first guess was \"to ask while I walk\". \nHowever, \" _I will visit the birds' houses one at a time and ask as I walk\nwhether or not you came there_ \" seems redundant. \n\n* * *\n\nOn a side note, I really hate to keep flooding Stack Exchange with minor\ntranslation questions like this. Could anyone recommend a forum where this\nsort of thing is more in line with the site's purpose?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-25T22:24:12.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56876",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-11T11:01:05.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Question about the meaning of あるく in this sentence",
"view_count": 663
}
|
[
{
"body": "聞いて歩く is meaning walking around for question . 食べ歩くis meaning walking around\nfrom some shop to other shop for eating .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T01:16:37.610",
"id": "56881",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T01:16:37.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27892",
"parent_id": "56876",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> 「聞いてあるく」\n\nIn this context, 「あるく」 does _**not**_ necessarily mean \" _ **to walk**_ \",\nwhich makes your question a far better one than you seem to think.\n\nThe speaker might use other methods of transportation besides walking in order\nto conduct his investigation. Thus, 「あるく」 here is quite synonymous to 「まわる」 (\"\n_ **to go around**_ \").\n\nIn fact, 広辞苑{こうじえん} gives the following definition for 「歩{ある}く」:\n\n”②あちこち移動{いどう}する。徒歩{とほ}または乗物{のりもの}で動{うご}き回{まわ}る。”\n\nThus, if I said 「ホットドッグが大好{だいす}きで、アメリカ中{じゅう}を食{た}べあるきました。」, there is no way I\ncould have meant that I walked from coast to coast looking for yummy hotdogs\nin the U.S.A. You can be sure that I flew, drove, took the Greyhound, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T01:33:16.447",
"id": "56883",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-11T11:01:05.113",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-11T11:01:05.113",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "56876",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
56876
|
56883
|
56883
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm actually learning 味をつける which is translated by : to bring taste. But when\nI looked it up on jisho.org, it was also translated by : 利かせる. I just want to\nknow if there is any difference or if one is more used than the other. Thank\nyou !",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-25T23:12:11.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56877",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T02:30:57.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 利かせる and 味をつける",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "BにAを利かせる is like \"take A (effect) on B. AにBをつける is like attach B to A . Could\nyou see that ? What make it different is nothing as native speaker. We can use\nthat two expressions equally .",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T01:10:38.280",
"id": "56880",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T01:10:38.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27892",
"parent_id": "56877",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "(～に)味をつける means using salt, sugar, pepper, miso, ketchup and so on to give a\nflavor. 味付け is also a common word.\n\n利く means something like \"(for a thing) to do its job\". この料理は塩が利いている means the\ndish is salty (and delicious). 塩を利かせる means \"to make salt do its job\" or\nsimply \"to salt something\". ～に塩味を付ける and ～に塩を利かせる are both common and roughly\nthe same, but the latter has the connotation of \"and make it more delicious\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T01:46:29.907",
"id": "56886",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T01:46:29.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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},
{
"body": "For one thing, 味をつける 'add flavor' is a object + verb construction while 利かせる\nis just a verb. So maybe we should be instead comparing the verbs つける and 利かせる\nin the context of adding flavor/seasoning.\n\nBut anyway, if you want to talk about seasoning using 味をつける, you may use a\nに-phrase to refer to the food/dish to which flavor is added, and で-phrase to\nthe particular seasoning with which it is flavored. E.g.:\n\n> [煮物]{にもの}に[醤油]{しょうゆ}で味をつける 'add flavor to the stew with soy sauce'\n\nYou can swap the object \"味\" for a more specific taste-related noun. E.g.:\n\n> [唐辛子]{とうがらし}で[辛味]{からみ}をつける 'add spiciness with chili pepper'\n\nAs for the verb 利かせる (literally, 'make (something) effective'), the relevant\nmeaning here is, say, \"to give (a specific taste or flavor) to a dish in a\npronounced way\". Being a transitive verb (like \"つける\"), it takes nouns for\ntastes as its object, and, optionally, a に-phrase and で-phrase for extra\ninformation (just like \"つける\"!). Thus:\n\n> 唐辛子でスープに辛味を利かせる \"give (a pronounced) spiciness to the soup with chilli\n> pepper\"\n\nAlternatively, 利かせる can take as its object a noun referring to a seasoning\nrather than a taste, in which case it means something along the lines of, \"to\nadd (a seasoning) to a dish in a rather generous amount so that its flavor is\npronounced\":\n\n> スープに唐辛子を利かせる 'add a fair amount of chili pepper to the soup (So it's hot!)'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T02:30:57.790",
"id": "56887",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T02:30:57.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "56877",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56877
| null |
56886
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56885",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If you were to translate a phrase like \"東京のほうが寒いです\" without any knowledge of\nthe context it is being used on, would the most accurate translation still be\n\"Tokyo is colder (than someplace else)\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-25T23:18:23.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56879",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T01:45:44.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Does \"のほうが\" necessarily imply a comparison?",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "A comparison is implicit within the phrase ～の方が～です。If someone were to say this\nwithout context, the listener would be left wondering 'compared to where?'.\n\n> AよりBの方がいいです。'A is better than B.'\n>\n> Bの方がいい。'B is better'... Must have pre-established context to make sense.\n>\n> Bの方が、Aより全然いい。'B is better, way better than A.'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T01:45:44.883",
"id": "56885",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T01:45:44.883",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56879",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
56879
|
56885
|
56885
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56904",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for help with the meaning of 位 in this sentence\n\n> **Hawk:** 「一軒でも来なかったという家があったら、もう貴様もその時がおしまいだぞ。」 \n> **Nightjar:** 「だってそれはあんまり無理じゃありませんか。そんなことをする **位** なら、私はもう死んだ方がましです。」\n\nMy only guess is that ことをする位 translates as \"do something of a certain\nrank/social standing\". (e.g. \"How could you do something so low class?\") \nWhich makes my reading:\n\n> **Hawk:** \"If there is even one house that says you did not come, then at\n> that time I will end you also!\" \n> **Nightjar:** \"You say that is not very unreasonable?! If you will do such\n> a thing _of that_ **rank** then I would rather be dead [than do what you\n> tell me to].\"\n\nIs that reading of 位 correct?\n\n**EDIT** : \nAccording to Chocolate, the correct reading is \"to that extent\". See\n<http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%84> \nfor the definition (it _isn't_ listed under 位).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T03:32:43.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56888",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T14:54:29.390",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T05:18:41.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "27592",
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 位 when it follows ことをする a.k.a. \"to do something\"?",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "[There is some discussion in the comments but since it's not an exact dupe I\nthink a proper answer should be in order.]\n\nThis 位 is read `ぐらい` (or `くらい`, it seems both readings are used equally often)\nand is usually used to express an amount, extent, or degree of something. With\nverbs it could be interpreted \"as far as X goes...\". So, the quoted part could\nbe translated as:\n\n> そんなことをする位なら、私はもう死んだ方がましです。\n>\n> As far as doing such thing(s) goes, dying would be better for me.\n>\n> → _I'd rather die than do something like that._\n\nHere's a nice blog post listing many examples and usage patterns of this word:\n\n<http://maggiesensei.com/2011/01/26/request-\nlesson-%E4%BD%8D-%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%EF%BC%8F%E3%81%90%E3%82%89%E3%81%84-kuraigurai/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T14:54:29.390",
"id": "56904",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T14:54:29.390",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "56888",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56888
|
56904
|
56904
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56894",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have always been told that centuries of Japanese literature had been\nsuccessfully translated without keeping \"san\" or \"chan\" suffixes. Is it an\nunbreakable rule or are there famous examples of such things in respectable\ntranslations?\n\nI remember seeing \"chan\" in an old French translation of a Tanizaki novel and\nI was wondering if this practice was outdated.\n\nIf this rule is unbreakable, how to translate things like, for example,\n「田中さんをまだ田中様と呼んでいた時代」?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T04:41:32.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56890",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T13:41:34.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19376",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "San, sama and other honorifics in translated literature",
"view_count": 1280
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since it is difficult to distinguish subtle differences between 様 and さん by\ntranslation, I think that it is one translation method to translate the given\nsentence in a commentary way as follows: _era when they had to strictly\ndistinguish honorific expressions that should be attached to surnames_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T05:15:02.913",
"id": "56891",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T13:41:34.797",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T13:41:34.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "56890",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "If you prefer natural translation and such name suffixes are not particularly\nimportant in the context, I think you may just rephrase them so that there is\na natural contrast in English (e.g., \"Mr. Tanaka\", \"Master\" or \"President\"\ninstead of \"Tanaka-sama\", \"Taro\" instead of \"Tanaka-san\"). You may even\nrephrase the entire sentence, like \"days when I was talking to you more\npolitely\".\n\nIf you believe your audience understand those Japanese suffixes (for example\nif you're doing an anime fansub), you may choose to directly use them. In rare\ncases where the topic is the Japanese-specific name suffixes themselves, you\nmay have to familiarize readers with those suffixes anyway in some way or\nanother.\n\nI doubt there is such a thing as \"an unbreakable rule\" in translation. It's up\nto your decision.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T10:04:56.727",
"id": "56894",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T11:30:39.097",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T11:30:39.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56890",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
56890
|
56894
|
56894
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56895",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you say 'I take ~ lessons'? Such as dance lessons, swimming lessons,\nChinese lessons, etc.\n\nCan you say「水泳の授業をします。」 or 「水泳の授業に通っています。」? And do all of the above examples\nhave the same structure?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T10:01:08.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56893",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T11:11:54.903",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T11:11:54.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "27894",
"owner_user_id": "27894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How would you say 'I take [---] lessons'?",
"view_count": 1461
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb to say \"to take a lesson\" is (授業を) **受ける**. You can say 水泳の授業を受けています,\nfor example. 水泳の授業に通っています is also okay, but it's closer to \"I go to swimming\nclasses\".\n\n水泳の授業をします would mean giving a swimming lesson rather than taking it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T10:09:32.247",
"id": "56895",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T10:09:32.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56893",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
56893
|
56895
|
56895
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56908",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "'と思います' is usually used when saying what you think/your assumptions, that much\nI know, but is it possible to alter it so that you can say what others are\nthinking? For an example, how would you say, 'Mary thinks the stars are\nbeautiful'?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T11:10:25.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56897",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T16:23:48.980",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T11:17:57.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "27894",
"owner_user_id": "27894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How would you use the 'と思います' form to say what others are thinking?",
"view_count": 1831
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese is a language in which expressing **_others'_** feelings, thoughts,\ndesires, etc. is done considerably more discreetly than expressing one's own.\n\nIt is 100% natural to say:\n\n> 「私{わたし}は、星{ほし}はきれいだと思{おも}います。」\n\nbut it is **_not_** natural at all for a native speaker to say:\n\n> 「田中{たなか}さんは、星はきれいだと **思います** 。」\n\neven if Tanaka has directly told the speaker that he (Tanaka) thinks that the\nstars are beautiful.\n\n「思います」 is reserved for the speaker/writer; You cannot use it when the subject\nof the verb is another person. The same principle is applicable to other words\nlike 「ほしい」、「したい」、「怖{こわ}い」, etc.\n\nOne could say instead:\n\n> 「田中さんは、星はきれいだと **思っています** 。」\n\nIf Tanaka has directly told you so. And you might say:\n\n> 「田中さんは、星はきれいだと **思っているようです** 。」\n\nif the information has been obtained via a third person.\n\nAll this might sound strange to you, but you will need to get used to the\nidea. As a Japanese-speaker, I felt very strange, too, when encountering a\nsentence like \" **My father thinks I am crazy**.\" in my English textbook a few\nyears ago in junior high school and so did just about all of my classmates\nbecause that sentence made very little sense to us.\n\nYou might want to read:\n\n[When to use 欲しがる instead of\n欲しい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2524/when-to-\nuse-%e6%ac%b2%e3%81%97%e3%81%8c%e3%82%8b-instead-\nof-%e6%ac%b2%e3%81%97%e3%81%84)\n\n[Translation of\n泳ぎたがっている](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13741/translation-\nof-%e6%b3%b3%e3%81%8e%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T16:23:48.980",
"id": "56908",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T16:23:48.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "56897",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
56897
|
56908
|
56908
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56902",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Usually the basics only cover いくら so most basic lessons I know of don't even\ncover the word price in basic contexts.\n\nI know 物価 and my understanding is that it is used in the general economic\nsense?\n\nI'm trying to find out how to mention price in your general day-to-day\nproduct/services. Do services even have a different word compared to\ngoods(e.g. hotel stay/massage as to food prices)? Would 価格 be correct? What\nabout 値（あたい)?\n\nWhat about \"Well, depending on the price... I might be willing to do it.\"\nWould this \"price\" be the same as the commercial product/services sense?\n\nWhat about a non-commercial sense of cost like \"price/cost of living\"? Same\ngeneral economic sense but 物価 seems off since living isn't a product?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T13:20:34.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56899",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T14:56:25.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"nuances",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "How to say prices in these situations?",
"view_count": 4122
}
|
[
{
"body": "We generally call price in products 値段、価格 and price in services 料金、～料.\n\nFares are called 運賃 and an entrance fee is called 入場料.\n\n物価 means \"level of price of products and services in an area\", so we use it\nlike 東京の物価は高い.\n\nCost is called 費用 and ～費, cost of living is called 生活費.\n\n値(ね) is used for mercantile words like 卸値(wholesale price).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T14:29:41.393",
"id": "56902",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T14:56:25.197",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T14:56:25.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "56899",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
56899
|
56902
|
56902
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56906",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "what is the dakuten katakana character in the image ?\n\nSeem the image say `Xサ`?What is the X ? [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/idgFz.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T15:37:00.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56905",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T15:54:00.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"kana"
],
"title": "what is the dakuten katakana character in the image?",
"view_count": 1057
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's [グサ](http://thejadednetwork.com/sfx/browse/gusa/), a common onomatopoeia\nfor a sound of \"stab\". It also describes how someone's harsh word sticks into\nyour heart. It's listed on jisho.org in the form\n[ぐさりと](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%90%E3%81%95%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A8).\n\nIt looks like ワ, too, but ワ does not take dakuten, as you know.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T15:48:01.140",
"id": "56906",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T15:54:00.217",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T15:54:00.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56905",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
56905
|
56906
|
56906
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between `越える【こえる】` and `超える【こえる】`?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T16:22:03.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56907",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T16:46:22.607",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-26T16:46:22.607",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"homophonic-kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 越える and 超える",
"view_count": 264
}
|
[
{
"body": "「越{こ}える」 means \"to cross\", \"to go over\", \"to overreach\", etc.\n\n「超{こ}える」 means \"to exceed\", \"to be above\", \"to surpass\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T16:38:44.267",
"id": "56909",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-26T16:38:44.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "56907",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
56907
| null |
56909
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56911",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've tried finding the kanji by radical\n[here](https://kanji.sljfaq.org/radicals.html) using 广 but I can't find a\nmatch for the first and I'm not sure at all what the second is.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GrMJN.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T18:34:48.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56910",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T07:25:23.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27904",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Can't find kanji for pictured characters",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "Looks like 魔女{まじょ} 'witch' to me.\n\nMy electronic dictionary shows a few forms for 魔 that might help a little:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/611UP.jpg)\n\nSee how in each successive version the strokes become more connected, and\nthere are fewer strokes total? The character in your image isn't the same as\nthese, but similarly the strokes are more connected and the total number is\nsomewhat reduced.\n\nI think that the 林 portion is simplified with the last two strokes of each 木\ntogether as one stroke, and then strokes 15 and 16 are connected (you can\nbarely see stroke 16 but it's there where the pen curls back around and\ncrosses itself). Strokes 20 and 21 can possibly be considered to be part of\nthe last stroke, although it looks like they're entirely gone.\n\nIn 女, the top of the second stroke sometimes crosses the third horizontal\nstroke:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fuqhp.png)\n>\n> (image taken from the\n> [常用漢字表](http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf))\n\nAnyway, when I look at it my brain sees 魔女{まじょ}. My brain wants it to be the\nimperative form of a verb with せ, but if there is a verb like that I've failed\nto read it :-)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T18:54:41.400",
"id": "56911",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T07:25:23.073",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T07:25:23.073",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "56910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
56910
|
56911
|
56911
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56916",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence while reading よだかの星:\n\n> よだかは、じっと目をつぶって考えました。（一たい僕は、なぜこうみんなにいやがられるのだろう。）\n\nIt seems pretty obvious that the parenthetical sentence is the Nightjar's\ninternal monologue... but parenthesis aren't normally used like that in\nEnglish \n(English uses quotes or nothing for internal dialogue). \ne.g. \nThe nightjar stopped to think, \"Why am I hated by everyone like this?\" \nWhy am I hated by everyone like this, the nightjar stopped to think.\n\nAnd that got me thinking, (assuming my translation isn't way, way off...) \n **Are parenthesis () commonly used instead of 「」for internal dialogues in\nJapanese?** \n& \n **Are there any other notable differences between English & Japanese\nparenthesis?**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-26T23:38:48.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56912",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T06:40:01.383",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T05:22:46.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "27592",
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "What's the difference between English & Japanese parenthesis?",
"view_count": 393
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes parentheses are used like this in novels. From [Wikipedia\n括弧](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7#%E4%B8%B8%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%89):\n\n> 小説等の文学作品やゲーム作品では、 **会話に表れない心中表現**\n> や外国人や動物のセリフの訳文であることを示すのに用いることがある。また、ゲーム作品においては、回想シーンやテレパシー（実際に喋っていない）等での会話に用いる事もある。\n\nAnd \"(?)\" as in \"ハードディスク(?)とメモリ\" may be not very common in English text,\nalthough this is nonstandard in Japanese anyway. The remaining part of the\nexplanation seems to be true both for English and Japanese parentheses, so I\nthink these are the only significant difference.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T06:34:37.847",
"id": "56916",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T06:40:01.383",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T06:40:01.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56912",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
56912
|
56916
|
56916
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56915",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the full sentence said by a young boxer to draw his coach out of the\nboxing ring.\n\n> へっぽこセコンドは **ひっこんでろいっ**\n\nIf it is imperative form, I would like to know the grammatical difference\nbetween this form and 「ひっこめ」",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T02:00:39.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56914",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T17:10:27.930",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T17:10:27.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "9559",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form",
"manga"
],
"title": "Question about verb 「ひっこんでろい」",
"view_count": 239
}
|
[
{
"body": "* [ひっこむ](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%BC%95%E3%81%A3%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80): \"to butt out\"\n * (ひっこんで: te-form of above)\n * ひっこんでいる: progressive form of ひっこむ\n * ひっこんでる: [casual contraction of above](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010)\n * ひっこんでろ: imperative form of above\n * ひっこんでろ **いっ** : This is an uncommon sentence-end particle used to emphasize the sentence. I think this ～ろい(っ) is seen almost exclusively in fiction, and it sounds masculine but a little childish. According to 明鏡国語辞典: \n\n> ### い\n>\n> 《肯定や命令の文の後に付いて》意味を強める。「早くしろい」「いやだい、ぼくがやるんだい」\n> 【語法】助動詞「だ」「じゃ」などに付いた「だい」「じゃい」、終助詞「か」「わ」「な」に付いた「かい」「わい」「ない」、動詞の命令形に付いた「ろい」などの形で使う。\n\nThe difference from ひっこめ mainly comes from the \"progressive\" part. So it's\nmore like \"stay/keep away\" rather than just \"get away\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T05:53:41.190",
"id": "56915",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T09:48:13.333",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T09:48:13.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56914",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
56914
|
56915
|
56915
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate the sentence 'at home, she's very talkative but at\nschool, she never talks/is very shy' roughly into Japanese. Does\n'家に、とてもおしゃべりですが、学校に、ぜんぜん話しません' make sense? If not, how should I reword it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T09:21:05.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56917",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T11:17:07.737",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T09:29:50.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "27894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"に-and-で"
],
"title": "What does '家に、とてもおしゃべりですが、学校に、ぜんぜん話しません' translate to?",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "* As a place marker, you have to use で instead of these two に. に is used with motion verbs (such as 行く, 来る, 動く) and verbs that describes existence (such as いる, ある, 住む). See: [Particles: に vs. で](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60/5010)\n * This is a typical case where [contrastive- _wa_](https://jlptbootcamp.com/2012/02/japanese-particles-the-contrastive-wa/) has to be used.\n * I think there are a bit too many commas, although this is a minor problem.\n\nCorrected version:\n\n> （彼女は）家 **では** とてもおしゃべりですが、学校 **では** ぜんぜん話しません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T09:36:10.273",
"id": "56918",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T11:17:07.737",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T11:17:07.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56917",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
56917
| null |
56918
|
{
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"body": "Over time, I've realised that certain words you use when referring to time,\nsuch as ’今日’, ’明日’ and ’毎朝’ have no need for you to attach the に particle.\nHowever, when saying '六時’, you must attach a に.\n\nFor example, ’今日、学校に行きません。’ and ’毎日午前六時におきます。’",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T10:42:59.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56919",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T22:57:26.037",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-27T11:26:16.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "27894",
"owner_user_id": "27894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"time"
],
"title": "When should you use a に when talking about the time?",
"view_count": 348
}
|
[
{
"body": "You should use に when the 'time' word means a particular time, for example, 六時\nwhich is 'six o'clock.' You don't need to, however, if the word implys a\nperiod, such as 今日, and the action word can mean a kind of status.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T17:24:16.230",
"id": "56924",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T17:24:16.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27917",
"parent_id": "56919",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Generally, one uses に when talking about frequency of an action or a specific\npoint in time (eg. 8 am). に isn't used for general concepts like 'today' or\n'yesterday'",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T03:25:05.483",
"id": "56982",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T03:25:05.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27950",
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},
{
"body": "FWIW, a general rule of thumb I find useful (it isn't always true, but it is a\ngreat deal of the time) is that the use of に in Japanese is actually very\nsimilar to the use of \"at\" or \"on\" with time expressions in English. That is,\nif you would be inclined to say \"at\" or \"on\" in English, then に is probably\ncorrect in Japanese, and for time expressions which we don't usually say\n\"at\"/\"on\" with, Japanese also generally does not use に:\n\n> 六時 **に** ご飯を食べました - \"(I) ate dinner **at** 6 o'clock\" \n> 木曜日 **に** 本を返します - \"(I) will return the book **on** Thursday\" \n> 今日(は)学校に行きませんでした - \"(I) did not go to school today\" _(no at/on)_ \n> 来週やります - \"(I will) do it next week\" _(no at/on)_\n\nIt's worth noting, though, that \"in\" is different from \"at\"/\"on\", and time\nexpressions which use \"in\" in English usually don't use に in Japanese:\n\n> 8月は天気がいいです - \"The weather is nice in August\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-07-12T22:57:26.037",
"id": "95380",
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56919
| null |
56924
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So this is a total re-write of my question.\n\nOutside of uses that include travel, walking, riding, driving, going or\nreturning or any other form of travelling and moving;\n\nWhat cases would it be appropriate to use へ vs に or に vs へ?",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T17:11:45.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56922",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T16:35:06.613",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-01T16:35:06.613",
"last_editor_user_id": "27811",
"owner_user_id": "27811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-へ"
],
"title": "General Differences between へ and に",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "The only difference is that へ can be combined with の like 学校への道 (a way to the\nschool) while に can't.\n\nOther than that, they don't have semantic difference. In contexts where it's\naccompanied with motion verbs like your examples, they don't specify which\nconnotation it is as you assumed.\n\nOn the other hand, に has its inherent sense or feel, which makes us imagine\nthat something attaches **on** the object. へ derives from a noun which means\n\"side\" and it focuses on direction rather than destination. So, if the verb in\na sentence is left out, people tend to assume different verbs according to\neach particle. For example, 明日へ sounds like continuing to 向{む}かう while what I\nfirst associate with 明日に is 延{の}ばす. However, once the predicate is determined,\nthat's another story.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T07:49:59.847",
"id": "56943",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T07:49:59.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "56922",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I've recently read a web manga called `テストに出ない日本語の勉強` and it has an episode on\nthis topic:\n\n[http://www.comico.jp/challenge/detail.nhn?titleNo=413&articleNo=3](http://www.comico.jp/challenge/detail.nhn?titleNo=413&articleNo=3)\n\nAccording to it, `へ` is used in cases where the direction or goal is vague or\nundetermined, and `に` when it is known where and why one is going, so it seems\nto confirm your guess.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T13:52:42.820",
"id": "56944",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T13:52:42.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "56922",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
56922
| null |
56943
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My Japanese teacher wrote this as an example :\n\n> **勝手【かって】に** 人の部屋に[上]{あが}り[込]{こ}むなんて、失礼な人だ！ \n> It is a rude person to come into someone else room without permission.\n\nI figure out that 勝手に meaning was : **without permission**. But the\ntranslation on internet is quite different, it has the sense of \"voluntarily\"\nwhich is not the same thing to me. I was just wondering if this was a mistake\nof my teacher or if this has actually 2 meanings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T17:15:16.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56923",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-22T21:50:41.553",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-22T21:50:41.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "27776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "勝手に, how to use it?",
"view_count": 1343
}
|
[
{
"body": "The basic meaning of 勝手に is \"of one's own accord\", ie. doing something on\none's own judgement without consulting anyone else.\n\nWhen used of a person, it usually (but not necessarily always) has negative\nconnotations, implying that the person isn't being very considerate and they\n_should_ really have consulted someone before doing the thing. This negative\nconnotation is particularly explicit in the adjectival equivalent 勝手な(人),\nwhich refers to the kind of person who only thinks of themself.\n\n勝手に can also be used with non-human subjects (機械が勝手に動き出した \"the machine started\nmoving on its own\", 問題が勝手に解決した \"the problem resolved itself\") in which case\nthere is of course no value judgement involved.\n\nI have trouble thinking of many situations where it would be natural to\ntranslate 勝手に as \"voluntarily\", but it's not out of the question, since they\ndo both indicate that a person is doing something of their own will rather\nthan due to anyone else's influence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T17:37:37.177",
"id": "56925",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T17:37:37.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "56923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
56923
| null |
56925
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56942",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "Im Chinese and my name is 陈依仁 (Chén Yī Rén). Can I use this as my Japanese\nname, and if so how do I read it in Japanese? Or would it be better to use the\nKatakana version of my English name which is タン・スジン?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T18:38:47.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56927",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-14T02:01:47.050",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-14T02:01:47.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "27920",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Can I use my Chinese name as my Japanese name?",
"view_count": 13328
}
|
[
{
"body": "Just from personal experience (purely anecdotal), I came across a few Chinese\npeople who all used their original characters hanzi pretty regularly in work\nscenarios, normally without furigana (name badges, shift schedules, etc).\n\nAnybody who sees your name written thus should know from your surname that you\nare not Japanese, they will likely ask you how to read it. The people I\nencountered would say the closest approximation of their name that the\nJapanese ear could decipher. I would recommend 「チェン・イーレン」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T19:00:25.530",
"id": "56928",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T19:00:25.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56927",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
},
{
"body": "In the media, Chinese names are often read in a native Japanese way. For\nexample, Xi Jinping (習近平) is read as 「シュウキンペイ」 instead of 「シージンピン」. In your\ncase, your name would be read as 「チンイジン」, though in a work setting 「チェンイーレン」\nmight be better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T20:11:32.893",
"id": "56929",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T20:11:32.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "56927",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "Although the plural of \"anecdote\" is not \"data\", there are examples of Chinese\npeople using the same characters for their Japanese name (or making only\nslight changes). One example that readily comes to mind is the instant ramen\ninventor [Ando Momofuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momofuku_Ando) (安藤百福),\nwhose Chinese name is Go Pek-Hok (吳百福).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T03:37:08.103",
"id": "56940",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T03:37:08.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27928",
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"score": 0
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{
"body": "Yes you can of course, as many have said. However, I am not sure why nobody\nmentioned that you can also pretty much use the kanji in your name and just\nassociate to them a Japanese pronunciation as well.\n\nIn fact, I think it's important to notice that when it comes to pronunciation\nJapanese is quite flexible (especially with proper names) and it is not\nuncommon to find kanji in names associated to very peculiar readings.\n\nIf I check a name dictionary, I can actually find tens of possible readings\nfor 陳. Most are similar to チェン. For example you have じん、しょう、ちいん、ちぇん etc.\nHowever, I see also the more Japanese sounding のぼる (given name) or the kind of\nparticular くわおつく (last name).\n\nAnd actually, I can even find 依仁 with the reading よりひと (a given name).\n\nGiven that these records exists you can very well write your name using\nexactly the original kanji (except for using the traditional version of 陈) and\nsimply say that it is pronounced (last name-first name):\n\n_くわおつく-よりひと_\n\nOr play around and find any other combination you like. Maybe くわおつく sounds a\nbit odd, but if you pick a more standard じん for example, I feel that じん-よりひと\nor read it the other way around よりひと-じん is quite a cool sounding name. :D",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T07:25:03.217",
"id": "56942",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T07:30:42.083",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-28T07:30:42.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Since we do not have Letter 陈 in Japanese, you might want to choose 陳 依仁 and\nread it ちん よりひと (Chin Yorihito). There was a prince named 依仁 (よりひと, Yorihito)\nabout a hundred years ago.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T07:27:55.743",
"id": "57103",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "56927",
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"score": 2
}
] |
56927
|
56942
|
56928
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is from the manga Kaiji. A hated character is making his departure, and\nKaiji thinks to himself, \"消えろ！消えろ！。。。！” ”せいせいすらあ。。。。”\n\nThe first part is pretty easy, basically like \"Yeah, get outta here!\" But I\ncan't figure out at all what the ”せいせいすらあ\" means. There's tons of meanings for\nせいせい, and not having much like finding info in すらあ either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T22:44:37.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56930",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-11T21:53:48.480",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-11T21:53:48.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27924",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"phrases",
"contractions",
"particle-わ",
"compensatory-lengthening"
],
"title": "せいせいすらあ Meaning",
"view_count": 271
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all,\n\n> 「せいせい **すらあ** 」\n\nis a Tokyo tough guy's colloquial version of\n\n> 「せいせい **するわ** 」\n\n(For those who still believe that 「わ」 is feminine, it is **_not_**.)\n\nNext, 「せいせいする」. (「清々する」 using kanji.)\n\nIt is a set phrase expressing how one feels refreshed, relieved, etc. after a\nbig problem has disappeared. My own secret translation of the phrase would be:\n\n> \" ** _Good Riddance!_** \"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T23:49:04.763",
"id": "56934",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-27T23:49:04.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "56930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
56930
| null |
56934
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "<http://jisho.org/word/%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89> \n<http://jisho.org/word/%E5%96%89> \n\nI came across 咽喉【のど】 while reading. Jisho doesn't have「のど」listed as a reading\nof 咽喉, but it _does_ have it under 喉.\n\nSo now I'm wondering what the differences between 咽喉【のど】, 咽喉【いんこう】 and 喉【のど】\nare, since both「のど」and「いんこう」are defined as \"throat\".\n\nDoes anyone know?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-27T22:49:27.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56931",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-04T22:58:16.327",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-04T22:58:16.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Word Choice: 咽喉 vs. 喉",
"view_count": 324
}
|
[
{
"body": "[咽喉]{いんこう} and [喉]{のど} are synonyms, but [咽喉]{いんこう} has a more limited usage,\nmeaning either the throat (larynx + pharynx) or a vital passage.\n\n[喉]{のど} also means throat, but it has a more wider, colloquial usage.\n\nFor example, you can say 「[喉]{のど}が[渇]{かわ}く」 (to be thirsty, lit. the throat\nbecomes thirsty) but you can’t say 「[咽喉]{いんこう}が[渇]{かわ}く」\n\n[喉]{のど} also means a (singing) voice, eg. のど自慢.\n\nIn this case, [咽喉]{のど} was probably used by the author to designate the actual\nbody part while at the same time remaining more colloquial in tone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T00:21:53.853",
"id": "56935",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T00:21:53.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "56931",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "「のど」 is the original Japanese word for \"throat\". It makes no difference if you\nwrite it in kana or kanji as we already had this word when Japanese was only a\nspoken language. \"Nodo\" is the word that is intuitive to the native speakers.\n\n「咽喉{いんこう}」 is the \"big\" Sino-loanword. It sounds technical, formal, academic,\netc. just like many Sino-loanwords do. 「咽喉」 is never a \"household\" word.\n\n「のど」 is the word we use to talk about a throat 99.99% of the time in our daily\nlife.\n\n「咽喉」 is a medical term for us native speakers. Unless you are a doctor, the\nonly time you would utter this word would be when talking about\n「耳鼻咽喉科{じびいんこうか}」 (an otolaryngologist's office, a.k.a. \"an ear, nose and\nthroat specialist\").\n\n",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T01:08:14.010",
"id": "56936",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T01:08:14.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "Please see the other answers for the difference between 咽喉【いんこう】 and 喉【のど】\n(basically 咽喉 is a technical term, \"laryngopharynx\"). Mine is specifically\nabout 咽喉【のど】.\n\nThe official reading of 喉 is のど, and that of 咽喉 is いんこう. のど is not listed as a\nreading of 咽喉, and it's not a mistake of jisho. None of the dictionaries I\nchecked suggest 咽喉 can be read as のど, and my IME doesn't convert のど to 咽喉,\neither.\n\nI think the usage of 咽喉【のど】 is more or less in the same vein as 未来【あす】,\n希望【ゆめ】, 時間【とき】, etc., which is described in this question: [Why are some\nlyrics' words written in kanji whose usual reading is not how it is\nsung?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/198/5010) Sometimes novelists and\nlyricists want a complicated look of _kango_ and a familiarity of _wago_ at\nthe same time. This is acceptable only in creative writing.\n\nOr else, you may see a similar example in old novels, because [kanji readings\nwere not very standardized](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/26257/5010)\nin those days anyway.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T03:59:03.473",
"id": "56941",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T04:08:24.713",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-28T04:08:24.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56931",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
56931
| null |
56935
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56939",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As explained in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/794/%E5%85%A8%E7%84%B6-%E3%81%9C%E3%82%93%E3%81%9C%E3%82%93-with-\npositive-adjective-na-adjective), I know that 全然 used with positive adjective\nmeans \"completely, entirely\", while when it is used with negative\nadjectives/verbs it means \"not at all, absolutely not\". However, I don't know\nhow to interpret the following dialogue (note that there's a space between 全然\nand 綺麗):\n\n> A: 私は綺麗だと思う？\n>\n> B: 全然 綺麗とは思わないよ。\n\nWhich of the following translations is correct?\n\n> 1) I don't think you are entirely beautiful. [you are beautiful but you lack\n> something]\n>\n> 2) I think you are not beautiful at all.\n\nI think number 1 is correct, but I am not sure. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T02:12:22.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56937",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T12:28:35.230",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-28T12:28:35.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"adverbs",
"negation"
],
"title": "How to interpret 全然 + positive adjective + とは思わない",
"view_count": 553
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「全然{ぜんぜん} 綺麗{きれい}とは思{おも}わないよ。」\n\nWith that **_space_** (or a comma instead), it would be most natural to assume\nthat 「全然」 would modify the verb 「思わない」 rather than the adjective「綺麗」. Thus,\nthe sentence would mean:\n\n> \"I don't think at all that (someone/something) is pretty.\"\n\nIf the space were not there and the sentence were uttered as a response to\nanother person's statement like 「全然綺麗じゃん。」(meaning \"(Someone/something) is\nquite pretty.\") , then it could be a different story altogether.\n\n「全然綺麗とは思わない。」, in that context, would mean \"(I disagree.) I don't think\n(someone/something) is all that pretty.\" In this case, 「全然」 modifies the\nadjective 「綺麗」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T02:36:13.997",
"id": "56938",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T02:36:13.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "While 全然 is often used in positive sentences these days, this adverb is still\nbasically a [negative polarity\nitem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/5010), and it has a strong\naffinity for a following _negative_ expression within the sentence. This\nmeans, in this case, 全然 modifies 思わない, \"I don't think _at all_ (that ...)\"\nregardless of the space or comma after it. This is also true in conversations\nwhere you cannot use commas. The sentence has the same meaning as\n綺麗だとは全然思わないよ. (Of course [commas can disambiguate\nthings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55857/5010) in some cases,\nthough)\n\nTo say Sentence 1, you need to choose another adverb and say, for example,\n\"すごい綺麗だとは思わないよ\" or \"100%綺麗だとは思わないよ\". Actually these are still ambiguous, but\nat least these tend to mean 1 simply because most (non-NPI) adverbs modify\nsomething right after it.\n\n**EDIT** : As l'électeur pointed out, 全然 can modify 綺麗 in a rare context where\nsomeone has just used 全然 clearly in a positive sentence. In such a case, 全然綺麗と\nis a direct quote and the sentence would mean something like \"全然綺麗 is an\noverstatement\". But it's still much better to disambiguate using brackets in\nwriting, like:\n\n> A: え、Cさん全然綺麗じゃん。 \n> B: 「全然綺麗」とは思わないよ。\n\n**EDIT** : Please also recheck the usage of 全然 in positive sentences. Read\n[Boaz Yaniv's answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/806/5010) in your\nlink. 全然 in a positive sentence is used to negate someone's prior expectation,\nand it rarely translates to \"completely\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T03:29:02.063",
"id": "56939",
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}
] |
56937
|
56939
|
56938
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56947",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been listening to [a song called\n布団の中から出たくない](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4DxPeLNVuw) recently and tried\nto translate some of the lyrics, since my Japanese is still on a beginner or\nlower intermediate level. I stumbled over one particular sentence while\ntranslating:\n\n> トイレの方が来たらいいのに\n\nI found out that it says something like \"I wish the toilet would come\", but\nI'm not sure about some parts of that sentence. Could someone please divide\nthe sentence up into its grammatical components? The ending of the sentence is\nwhat confuses me the most, I don't really get what _kitara ii no ni_ is\nsupposed to mean.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T14:24:33.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56945",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T18:02:23.820",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-28T14:31:30.310",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27933",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"parsing",
"modality"
],
"title": "Understanding トイレの方が来たらいいのに in these song lyrics",
"view_count": 249
}
|
[
{
"body": "The [linked question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23226/9831)\nexplains `のに`. As for the first part (`トイレの方が`), it is a part of the\ncomparison pattern (`Xの方がいい`), showing a preferred alternative, e.g. see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24426/). It makes the\nfocus of the sentence shift toward `トイレ` and also adds a bit of contrast\nagainst the actual situation.\n\nTaken together, the sentence could be translated as \"I wish _the toilet_ would\ncome [here] (instead of me having to go there).\" It is further underlined by\nthe later line `布団の中にすべてあればいいのに` (\"It would be so nice if _everything_ were\ninside the futon\").\n\n**EDIT** Actually, after some reflection, I think that instead of comparison,\nthis `方` should be taken in the literal meaning of side/way/(conversation’s)\nparty. And `いい` is also not a part of comparison pattern but is part of [〜たらいい\nconditional.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43917/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-hope-\ntemporal-syntax-and-over-literal-readings), which also adds a nuance of\nhope/wish. I.e. “I wish that _the toilet_ (lit. “the toilet’s side”) would\ncome (here)”. It does not change the final interpretation much though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T15:26:37.920",
"id": "56947",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T18:02:23.820",
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"score": 2
}
] |
56945
|
56947
|
56947
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56948",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Trying to figure out the proper way to write Ava in Japanese. I see there are\nseveral types of Japanese alphabets so lost on which is the correct way. It's\nmy daughter's name and she's a martial artist so wanted to get her name done\nin Japanese.\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T14:57:27.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56946",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T20:56:02.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27935",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "AVA in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1310
}
|
[
{
"body": "It depends on how her name is pronounced in English. If it's pronounced \"AH-\nva,\" I would write it as in the link l'electeur offered: アヴァ. If it's\npronounced \"EH-va,\" I would write it: エヴァ。\n\nIn general, translation requests are out of the scope of this forum, but\nyesterday I was wondering how to write \"Laertes\" in Katakana, and it turns out\nthere are a bunch of different ways, which I thought was interesting.\n\nAddendum: While エヴァ is a common transliteration, I agree with Ben below that\nエイヴァ is more faithful.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T15:30:10.387",
"id": "56948",
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56946
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56948
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56953",
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"body": "> しかし、許可をもらわないでコピーした漫画をインターネットで読む人が増えているため、 **漫画全部の売り上げ** は少なくなっています。 \n> However, because the number of people who read manga on the internet - that\n> has been copied without permission - is increasing, total manga sales are\n> decreasing.\n\nNo problem with understanding (I hope), but 漫画全部の売り上げ looks weird to me. I\nfeel it ought to be 漫画の全部の売り上げ. Is this a typo? If not, why is it okay to\nwrite it like this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T21:05:06.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56950",
"last_activity_date": "2018-02-28T23:55:09.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Why is 漫画全部の売り上げ grammatical",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "名詞+全部 is almost as common as 名詞+の+全部\n\nThink of it as akin to the difference between ‘All manga’ vs. ‘All of the\nmanga’. There is really no functional difference. If the case for a difference\nhad to be made, it would likely be a slight reduction in formality when not\nusing the particle.\n\nThis applies to 全員, 全て, 半分, etc.\n\n```\n\n 漫画全部\n \n 漫画家全員\n \n 料理全て\n \n 参加者全員\n \n 気持ち半分\n \n```\n\nTwo similar expressions, one using の and one without:\n\n> 財産全部、地獄に持って行ける訳じゃない。\n>\n> その財産の全部を出資するものとする。\n\nAlso see: [Can the particle \"no\" sometimes be\nomitted?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38748)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T22:24:59.320",
"id": "56953",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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56953
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> よだかは口を大きくひらいて、はねをまっすぐに張って、まるで矢のようにそらをよこぎりました。 \n> からだがつちにつく **か** つかない **うちに** 、よだかはひらり **と** またそらへはねあがりました。\n\nI'm having trouble parsing that 2nd sentence especially the usage of the\nbolded か , うちに and と.\n\n* * *\n\nRight now, I'm reading the **か** as \"or\" (the same way it's used when listing\nnouns) but I don't know if that's grammatically correct. I'm also reading\n**うちに** as \"while\" and **とまた** as \"and again\", which makes my current reading:\n\n> Yodaka opened his mouth wide, spread his wings straight back and moved\n> through the sky like an arrow. \n> **While** his body was colliding **or** not colliding with the ground,\n> Yodaka **again** nimbly flew up toward the sky.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** \nI've done some reading on SE, and it seems that:\n\n 1. **うちに** does mean \"while\", See: [Difference between うちに and うちから](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42075/difference-between-%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%8B%E3%82%892).\n 2. The **と** is with ひらり as the adverb's particle, See: [<adv> versus <adv>+と versus <adv>+に](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1903/adv-versus-adv%E3%81%A8-versus-adv%E3%81%AB)\n 3. And (most importantly) both **か** and **うちに** are part of a set grammatical structure as answered below.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T21:26:03.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56951",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T01:48:40.880",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-28T22:37:27.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "27592",
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-と",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Seeking translation help with か between two verbs and と",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "VかVないかのうちに (or VかVないうちに) is a set grammatical construction.\n\nIt means here the moment where it's not clear whether he hit the ground or not\nbecause it happened so fast.\n\nSo it's \"at the very instant he hit the ground, he bounded back up into the\nsky\"\n\n(see <http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%8B%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%AE%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AB-\nkanai-no-uchi-ni/> for instance).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T22:12:08.410",
"id": "56952",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "56951",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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] |
56951
| null |
56952
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm struggling with figuring the function of the particle と in this sentence\nfrom a book of Japanese literature in parallel text from the beginning of\n[夏目漱石's 夢十夜](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/799_14972.html):\n\n> 腕組をして枕元に坐っている **と** 、仰向に寝た女が、静かな声でもう死にますと云う。\n\nThe parallel text to this sentence translates this to:\n\n> I was sitting with my arms crossed by the bedside of a woman. She was lying\n> on her back. \n> . . .\n\nI do understand how the sentence was thus translated; however, I don't\nunderstand the function of the particle と in the sentence. \nCan someone elaborate on the use of と in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-02-28T22:53:26.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56954",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T01:39:50.240",
"last_edit_date": "2018-02-28T23:20:26.810",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Function of と in this sentence",
"view_count": 100
}
|
[] |
56954
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56958",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Came across this sentence while reading:\n\n> もう雲は鼠色 **になり** 、向うの山には山焼けの火がまっ赤です。\n\nAssuming I'm reading it right, I'd expect it to use なる, not its masu stem. \ne.g.\n\n> もう雲は鼠色 **になる** 、向うの山には山焼けの火がまっ赤です。\n\nIs **になり** just another way of saying \"is\" or \"be\" as in \"Already the clouds\nare grey\"? Or is there some greater nuance?\n\n**EDIT** : \nChocolate posted some great links in the comments on this post explaining how\na verb's stem form can be used as a conjunction. \n[Is there a term for using conjugating verbs such that the sentence continues\nwith another clause?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9771/is-\nthere-a-term-for-using-conjugating-verbs-such-that-the-sentence-continues-wit) \nand [なく vs. なくて and stem form vs. てform as\nconjunctions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2934/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F-vs-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6-and-\nstem-form-vs-%E3%81%A6form-as-conjunctions/2935#2935)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T00:27:21.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56955",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T01:59:18.387",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-01T01:59:18.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "27592",
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between になり and になる?",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is entirely different. なり here is the conjunctive form of the verb なる\n(become). You can rewrite it as なって if that's clearer for you.\n\n> もう雲は鼠色になり、向うの山には山焼けの火がまっ赤です。\n\nand\n\n> もう雲は鼠色になって、向うの山には山焼けの火がまっ赤です。\n\nmeans the same (The clouds turned grey and the sun, setting on the mountain in\nfront, is crimson), but the former is more formal.\n\nOn the other hand, if なる appears in the middle of a sentence that means that\nwe are dealing with the attributive form of なる. (However, since there is a\ncomma なる feels a bit unexpected and the meaning of the sentence is unusual.)\n\n> もう雲は [鼠色になる向うの山] には山焼けの火がまっ赤です。\n\nAs for the clouds, on the mountain which will turn grey, the sunset is\ncrimson.\n\nWhich is more or less gibberish.\n\nI know that my translations are far from perfect but they should be enough to\npoint out the big difference between なり and なる here. In case you want to\nimprove the translations please feel free to do so.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T00:55:34.180",
"id": "56958",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T00:55:34.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "56955",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
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56958
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "So, I recently decided to take a try at Japanese again. As such I decided to\njump right in to using the vocabulary I know in sentences to see how far I\ncould get. The following is what I came up with, I'll put the meaning I'm\nattempting to convey in English beside the Japanese.\n\n> これは僕の物語り！！！(This is my story [tale]!) \n> けど、これはその男の物語りも。 (But, this is that man's story as well.) \n> はい、そうです。 (Yes, that is true.) \n> しかし、物語じゃない。(But, this is not a story.) \n> これは君の未来！ (This is your future!) \n> 何？嘘ですね？(What? You're lying, right?) \n> 嘘じゃない。 (I'm not lying.) \n> そう。。。わかりました。でも、僕？なんで！？(Okay...I understand. But, me? Why me?)\n\nWhat I'm most concerned with is the sentence order and if it is\nunderstandable. Not so much with if I could have left out a pronoun or\nsomething along those lines. I know this is a lot to ask but thank you very\nmuch to anyone who is willing to help!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T00:47:50.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56957",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T00:57:24.297",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-01T00:57:24.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "27949",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Help with Japanese sentence order",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[] |
56957
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56964",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「韓国」はアクセントが頭に来ます。 「韓国人・韓国語」など、国の名称の後もう一文字が付く場合は全体的にフラットなアクセントになります。\nそれ以外にも例はありますが、そうなる理由がよく分かりません。 みんなそうやってるから私も従っていますが、説明しろと言われたら出来ません。\n何か法則があるのでしょうか？ ではなく単純に発音しやすいからでしょうか？\n\n＊最初は「英国」「米国」などを例として挙げていましたが、該当しない例であることをご指摘頂きましたので修正しました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T01:54:55.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56960",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T01:06:33.393",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T01:06:33.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "アクセントに関する質問：「韓国」ｖｓ「韓国人・韓国語」",
"view_count": 350
}
|
[
{
"body": "複合名詞でもアクセント核は一個だからだと思います。国の名称でなくても、例えば：\n\n[ぶっきょう]{HLLLL} → [ぶっきょうと]{LHHHLL} / [ぶっきょうと]{HHHHLL} (仏教徒)\n\n[まんぞく]{HLLL} → [まんぞくど]{LHHHL} / [まんぞくど]{HHHHL} (満足度)\n\n[ちゅうがく]{HHLLL} → [ちゅうがくせい]{LLHHHLL} / [ちゅうがくせい]{HHHHHLL} (中学生)\n\n後ろにつくのが一文字でなくても、前半は同じように変わります。例えば：\n\n[かんさい]{HLLL} + [ほうめん]{LHHL} → [かんさいほうめん]{LHHHHLLL} / [かんさいほうめん]{HHHHHLLL}\n(関西方面)\n\n[きょうと]{HHLL} + [だいがく]{LHHH} → [きょうとだいがく]{LLHHHLLL} / [きょうとだいがく]{HHHHHLLL}\n(京都大学)\n\n[トイレ]{HLL} + [そうじ]{LHH} → [トイレそうじ]{LHHHLL} / [トイレそうじ]{HHHHLL} (トイレ掃除)\n\n[スーツ]{HLL} + [ケース]{HLL} → [スーツケース]{LHHHLL}\n\n* * *\n\nこのページが参考になるかもしれません： \n<http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/pmod/practical/02-07-01.php>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T03:14:08.007",
"id": "56964",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T03:55:14.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-01T03:55:14.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
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56960
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56964
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56964
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56978",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand there are various ways to express the word \"around\" in Japanese\nunder different contexts. I'm not sure of all the words used in each context\nand I see many variations used, both casual/polite etc.\n\nHere is what I know for example:\n\n 1. I will travel \"around\" the world.\n 2. Is there a restroom \"around\" here? この辺り\\この辺\n 3. I will meet you \"around\" 12:00pm. 頃、くらい\\ぐらい\n 4. He is \"around\" the library. あそこ\n 5. He showed me \"around\" town. あちこち\n\nAre there other ways to express \"around\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T02:32:43.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56961",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T00:32:52.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What are different ways to express \"around\"?",
"view_count": 2364
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. 世界｛せかい｝一周｛いっしゅう｝の旅｛たび｝をする - Take a trip around the world\n\n 2. この辺り｛あたり｝（この辺｛へん｝）にトイレはありますか？ - Is there a restroom in these parts?\n\n 3. 12時前後｛じぜんご｝に会｛あ｝いましょう・12時ごろ会いましょう - Let's meet around 12:00.\n\n 4. 図書館｛としょかん｝のそばにいます・図書館の付近｛ふきん｝にいます - He is in the vicinity of the library.\n\n 5. 彼｛かれ｝は街｛まち｝を案内｛あんない｝してくれました - He introduced me to the town (showed me 'around')",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T21:59:34.830",
"id": "56978",
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56961",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
56961
|
56978
|
56978
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56967",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "First-time poster on this channel, so please forgive me if I screw anything\nup...\n\nI'm currently writing a \"Japanese Calculator\" program as part of a personal\nproject I'm working on which takes rōmaji input and converts the phrase,\ndetermines the mathematical expression and spits out the answer in decimal\nformat... Numbers will be written in upper case for example:\n\n`ICHI purasu GO mainasu YON purasu ROKU`\n\n1 + 5 - 4 + 6, in this case, which will spit out `8` as a final answer...\n\nIn my program, if I use a comma after a specific operation and value, the\nintention is that it will store the value in an interim memory and then the\nnext operation will be acted upon the next value... For example:\n\n`ICHI purasu GO, mainasu SAN` which could be interpreted as (1 + 5) - 3.\n\nMy focus in this question is in the legibility and grammatical correctness in\nwhatever input I give it... I'd like consistency as well as ease of grammar...\n\nNow I've been happy to use プラス and マイナス in their rōmaji forms... but I've been\nstuck on how to get some sort of suitable legibility with things like\nmultiplication and division... I want to use the equivalents of \"multiplied\nby\" and \"divided by\" but have found that:\n\nWith multiplication, for example, \"x multiplied by y\", I get: `x ni y o\njōjita`\n\nAnd with division, for example, \"x divided by y\", I get: `x o y de watta`\n\nWould these be considered suitable equivalents?\n\nFor example, if I wanted to do (3 + 1 - 2) * 6 / 2, and using these two other\nphrases, and the comma concept I mentioned above, and still make it legibly\ncorrect Japanese, would the following be considered a sufficient and legible\ntranslation?\n\n`SAN purasu ICHI mainasu NI, ni ROKU o joujita o NI de watta`\n\nIf not, I would appreciate any way of improving this kind of input, so I can\nimplement these into my code and still retain some legibility.\n\nThanks, or rather... arigatou.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T02:41:03.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56962",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T16:17:21.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27947",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"rōmaji",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "Standard mathematical operations, expressed in Japanese",
"view_count": 5699
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japan uses 「足す」(tasu:plus)「引く」(hiku:minus)「掛ける」(kakeru:multiplied\nby)「割る」(waru:divided by). For example, 2+2 in words is \"ni tasu ni\", 2-2 is\n\"ni hiku ni\", 2x2 is \"ni kakeru ni\", 2/2 is \"ni waru ni\".\n\nIf it is assumed that the person using the calculator program is a native\nJapanese speaker, I think they will be more comfortable using those four terms\nrather than \"purasu\"\"mainasu\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T03:03:46.533",
"id": "56963",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T03:03:46.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "56962",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "> (3 + 1 - 2) * 6 / 2\n\nHow about...\n\n> SAN tasu ICHI hiku NI, kakeru ROKU waru NI\n\n(or SAN purasu ICHI mainasu NI, kakeru ROKU waru NI)\n\n* * *\n\nWe usually read the parentheses (in maths) as \"kakko ... kakko tojiru\", as in:\n\n> (3 + 1 - 2) * 6 / 2\n>\n> **kakko** SAN tasu ICHI hiku NI **kakko tojiru** kekeru ROKU waru NI\n\nthough it might look a bit wordy...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T03:35:55.627",
"id": "56965",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-01T11:59:56.150",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "56962",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "First of all, let me assume:\n\n 1. You're only interested in the simple four operations (`+`, `-`, `*`, `/`) and brackets `(` `)`\n 2. Multiplication and division have higher priority, e.g., `1 + 2 * 3` is `7`, not `9`\n 3. Of course you want to make the reading unambiguous, taking brackets into consideration\n\nSo we want to read something like `1 + 3 * (4 - 1)` (=10) but nothing more\ncomplicated than this. Actually, there are two programmatic approaches I can\nthink of:\n\n### Simple left-to-right approach\n\nThe most straightforward way is to simply read each number and symbol from\nleft to right, just as you read \"two, times, bracket, one, plus, three, close-\nbracket\". This is what is done every day in math classes at middle school.\n\n * `+`: たす _tasu_ or プラス _purasu_\n * `-`: ひく _hiku_ or マイナス _mainasu_\n * `*`: かける _kakeru_\n * `/`: わる _waru_\n * `(`: かっこ _kakko_\n * `)`: とじかっこ _toji-kakko_ or かっことじ _kakko-toji_\n\nSo `1 + 3 * (4 - 1)` would be:\n\n> いち プラス さん かける **かっこ** よん マイナス いち **かっことじ** \n> ICHI purasu SAN kakeru kakko YON mainasu ICHI kakko-toji\n\nAlthough uninteresting, this should be very easy to understand, and actually\nthe natural one, IMO.\n\n### \"(Un)natural\" approach\n\nWhat if you want a more \"natural\" and grammatical Japanese sentence? If you\nknow [reverse Polish\nnotation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation) (RPN), it is\nknown that the Japanese language can read math expressions just like RPN. And\nthe merit of this approach is that you don't have to pronounce brackets at\nall.\n\nFor example, `1 + 3` is \"the sum of one and three\" in \"natural\" English. In\n\"natural\" Japanese, this can be read as:\n\n> いち **と** さん **の** **わ** \n> ICHI to SAN no **wa**\n\n...just like its reverse-Polish representation, `1 3 +`, except that you need\nto insert と _to_ (\"and\") between the numbers and の _no_ (\"-'s\") before the\noperator. You can use these four words:\n\n * 和 わ _wa_ \"sum\" `+`\n * 差 さ _sa_ \"difference\" `-`\n * 積 せき _seki_ \"product\" `*`\n * 商 しょう _sho_ \"quotient\" `/`\n\nFor a little more complicated example, `2 * (1 + 3)`, which is `2 1 3 + *` in\nRPN, would be:\n\n> に と いち と さん の わ の せき \n> に と、 (いち と さん の わ) の せき \n> NI to, ICHI to SAN no wa no seki\n\n(Brackets and commas are technically redundant and optional, but they\ndefinitely help humans.)\n\n`1 + 3 * (4 - 1)`, or `1 3 4 1 - * +` in RPN, would be:\n\n> いち と さん と よん と いち の さ の せき の わ \n> いち と (さん と (よん と いち の さ) の せき) の わ\n\nIt seems that you're using a kind of stack memory in your calculator, so I\nthink this approach should express the internal representation of your\ncalculator, too. (`と` pushes onto the stack, `の` pops from the stack.)\nTechnically, now you can construct the reading of math expressions of\narbitrary depth. However, without brackets, note that the last example is very\nconfusing even to native speakers. It's not possible to convert very\ncomplicated math expressions into natural sentences anyway. Not possible in\nEnglish, either. You may want to stick to the left-to-right reading, although\nuninteresting.",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-01T04:47:00.710",
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56962
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56967
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56967
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{
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"body": "This is from an interview in a magazine\n\n希望を満ち、つねに未来の先の先のさらにその先を見据えて真っ直ぐ進んでいるような人にはとても憧れている\n\nI'm trying to understand this sentence but it's confusing for me especially\nthe part \"未来の先の先のさらにその先を見据えて\"\n\nWhat I understand right now is \"I admire people who are full of hope and keep\nmoving forward and looking beyond the future ahead.\" Can anyone please help me\nunderstand. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T04:10:12.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "18706",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does this sentence actually mean?",
"view_count": 182
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[
{
"body": "> 未来の先の先のさらにその先を見据えて\n\n\"見据{みす}えて\" is a continuous form or 連用形{れんようけい} of \"見据える\" as you know, so I'll\nexplain (A).\n\n> (A) 未来の先の先のさらにその先を見据える\n\n\"先{さき}\" has various meanings, and it has the meaning with \"次 _next to_ \", \"向こう\n_over_ \" or \"超えて _beyond_ \" in (A). \nTherefore \"未来｛みらい｝の先\" means \"beyond the future\". \n\"さらに\" is written \"更に\" in _kanji_ and it means \"furthermore\" or \"still more\".\n\n> (B) 未来を見据える \n> (C) 未来の先を見据える \n> (D) 未来の先の先を見据える\n\n(B) means \"look ahead\" or \"look into the future\". \nWhen you use (C), (D) and (A) instead of (B), the degree of\n\"furthermore/beyond/ahead\" to (B) will be gradually emphasized. \nIn the above explanation, I think that the **degree** is difficult to\nunderstand as actual feeling, so I would like to explain the nuance of \"先の先\"\nin another example.\n\nIn a game in which pieces are alternately moved like _shogi_ or chess, to\npredict the move of a piece of the opponent against your move is called\n\"相手｛あいて｝の手｛て｝/指手{さして}を読｛よ｝む _predict the move of the opponent_ \" or \"先{さき}を読む\nlit. _read the future/hereafter_ \". Your predicting one move of a piece by the\nopponent is called \"一手{いって}先｛さき｝を読む lit. _read next one hand_ \". Likewise, to\npredict until the opponent's second move of a piece is called \"二手｛にて｝先を読む lit.\n_read next two hands_ or \"先の先を読む _read ahead twice_ \". \nYou can say like \"三手{さんて}先を読む\", \"先の先の先を読む\" or \"先の先のさらに先を読む\".\n\nI think that you can see the accuracy of prediction increases as the number of\n先 increases.",
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56966
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"body": "If an unknown subject is introduced by が in one sentence, can it still be the\nsubject in a subsequent sentence?\n\nAs an example:\n\n> **よだかは** むねがつかえたように思いながら、又そらへのぼりました。また **一疋の甲虫が**\n> 、夜だかののどに、はいりました。そしてまるでよだかの咽喉をひっかいてばたばたしました。\n\nAt first glance, it seems more natural to me to read the 3rd sentence thinking\nthe **beetle** (which is identified by が in the _2nd_ sentence) is the one\nscratching the Nighthawk's throat and making a commotion as it is being eaten.\n\nBut if が subjects can't persist between sentences (I think they can't), then\n**よだか** must be the subject of the 3rd sentence by default (since よだか is the\ntopic). And that would mean that the **Nighthawk** is scratching his _own_\nthroat and making a commotion as he swallows the beetle.\n\nSo I guess it's a straightforward question, \n**Can a subject introduced by が still be the subject in the following\nsentence?**",
"comment_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Can a subject introduced by が persist between sentences?",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, it can.\n\nYou do _not_ have to mark a subject using は before you can omit it. There is\nno such grammatical rule (I wonder where your assumption came from). Omission\nof subjects happens purely depending on what can be assumed from the context,\nverb choice, etc. Here, the implicit subject of the third sentence is clearly\nthe 甲虫.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-01T06:49:10.617",
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56969
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{
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"body": "For example, if I were to describe a room that contains a book and a dog,\nwould I say\n\n部屋に犬と本があります or 部屋に犬と本がいます ？\n\nOr would I perhaps have to find a new way to word this sentence entirely? I\nknow this is super basic level stuff, but it's weirdly difficult to find an\nanswer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T10:40:58.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "27957",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "\"Arimasu\" or \"imasu\" when mentioning both living and inanimate objects",
"view_count": 633
}
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[
{
"body": "います is used for living objects and あります is for inaminate ones, so you have to\nsay 部屋に犬がいます、そして、本があります。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-01T10:52:52.123",
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56971
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56972
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56975",
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"body": "Consider these sentences:\n\n 1. (×ほとんど/○ **もう少しで** ) いうのを忘れるところでした。\n 2. プールの中の水は、(○ **ほとんど** /○ **もう少しで** ) 満杯である。\n 3. 宿題は、(○ **ほとんど** /×もう少しで) 終わった。\n 4. (×ほとんど/○ **もう少しで** ) あなたのお家に着きます。\n\nIn some cases it is ok to use もう少しで but in others it is not. The same goes for\nほとんど. Sometimes both can be used.\n\nI have heard explanations like ほとんど is mainly used for \"possibilities\" and are\nused for 1-D things like time, distance or level and things that have a\n\"span\". And もう少しで is used for possibilities. But I have no idea what this\nmeans at all.\n\nCan someone explain the grammar behind this and why sometimes they are\ninterchangeable and sometimes they are not?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T11:47:58.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56973",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-01T12:24:07.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "27851",
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between もう少しで and ほとんど?",
"view_count": 975
}
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[
{
"body": "**もう少しで** implies that the action or result of a certain verb is not\ncompleted/finished but its completion comes soon, so it goes with the present\ntense or the future tense like もう少しで終わる or もう少しで終わるでしょう/終わるだろう but doesn't go\nwith the past tense like もう少しで終わった. \nIf you want to say something in the past tense using もう少しで, you can make it by\nconstructing a sentence in the past tense which encompasses the present tense\nlike もう少しで終わるところだった, which means 実際{じっさい}にはその時までには終わらなかった _Actually it was not\ncompleted/finished before the designated time_.\n\nOn the other hand **ほとんど** implies that the action or result of a certain verb\nis **mostly** completed/finished, so it goes with the past tense or verbs that\nexpress the state of things like (宿題｛しゅくだい｝は)ほとんど終わった, (宿題は)ほとんど終わる or\n(宿題は)ほとんど終わるでしょう/終わるだろう.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-01T13:25:00.517",
"id": "56974",
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{
"body": "English \"almost X\" can describe two different kinds of situations:\n\n 1. mostly X but not completely X \n\n> * It's almost perfect (but is still imperfect).\n> * I almost forgot it (my memory about it is already vague).\n\n 2. X was likely to happen, but it never happened \n\n> * I almost died (but I didn't die).\n> * I almost forgot it (but I perfectly recalled it before a problem\n> arose).\n\nNow...\n\n * ほとんど is used _only_ in Situation 1. \n\n> * ほとんど完璧です。 It's almost perfect.\n> * 彼はほとんど死んでいるようなものだ。 He's half dead.\n> * 三角関数はほとんど忘れました。 I almost forgot about trigonometric functions.\n\n * もう少しで is typically used in Situation 2. The pattern to memorize is `もう少しで + ～するところだ`, `もう少しで + ～しそうになる`. You can also use 危うく. See [your own previous question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56839/5010) and [Learn JLPT N2 Grammar: ところだった (tokoro datta)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F-tokoro-datta/)\n\n> * もう少しで死ぬところだった。 I almost died.\n> * おっと、もう少しで忘れるところでした。 Oops, I almost forgot.\n\n * もう少しで can be (usually) used in Situation 1, too. Still, もう少しでX basically means X has not happened yet or X did not happen. Try thinking this phrase as \"with a little more time/effort/resource/luck/misfortune/etc, ...\" and see if it fits the context. \n\n> * もう少しで満杯です。 With a little more water, it will be full.\n> * もう少しで終わります。 With a little more time, it will be done.\n> * もう少しで勝てた。 With a little more luck/effort, we could win. (i.e., we\n> lost)\n> * 彼はもう少しで死ぬ。 He will die soon / with a little more damage.\n> * ×もう少しで終わった。 (weird)\n\nTypically, もう少しで is closer to \"soon\" rather than \"almost\". Compare:\n\n> * もう少しで春です。 Spring will come soon (but it has not come yet).\n> * もうほとんど春です。 It's already almost spring (it's warm).\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-01T13:52:02.133",
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56975
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56975
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56986",
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"body": "My confusion surfaced when I came across a song named 「君がいるから」which I could\neither interpret as \"Because you are mine.\" or \"Because you are here.\" Is\nthere a different way to say \"You are mine\" in Japanese, so this sentence\nisn't ambiguous to speakers?\n\nI could use a different sentence:\n\n> 「犬がいます。」\n\nMy understanding is that this can mean both \"I have a dog.\" and \"There is a\ndog.\" Is the only way to tell through context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T01:56:01.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56979",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T11:18:22.843",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27969",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"possession"
],
"title": "How do you differentiate between \"I have\" and \"There is\"?",
"view_count": 840
}
|
[
{
"body": "「君がいるから」would mean 'Because you are (with me).'\n\nIf you want to say 'Because you are mine', you could say:\n\n> 君が俺/僕/私のものだから。\n\nThis could sound a bit macho and possessive though.\n\nAs far as specifying 'having' a dog, you can use this expression:\n\n> 犬を飼｛か｝っています - I 'have' (am raising) a dog.\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> 私には犬がいます or 私の家には犬がいます - I have a dog / My family has a dog.\n\nOther than that, it is just a gradual development of your ability to read the\nmeaning based on context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T06:04:05.017",
"id": "56985",
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"body": "You've asked two different questions here, but I'm going to try and answer\nboth of them.\n\nFirst of all, in regard to how to say \"because you are mine\", the very literal\ntranslation would be something like:\n\n> 君は僕のだから\n\nSecond of all, let's talk about the difference between \"I have\" and \"there\nis\".\n\nI encourage yourself to picture a Venn diagram for the meanings of \"I have\"\nand \"there is\", and really ask yourself how much they overlap. It may be more\nthan you think.\n\nFor example, take this sentence\n\n> I have three siblings.\n\nIn Japanese this would be\n\n> 私は兄弟が３人います。\n\nWhich translated _very literally_ is\n\n> As for me, there are three sisters.\n\nThey look very different, but that's because English really likes to stretch\nout the verb `have`. Do you own your sisters? Are they really _yours_? Or is\nthis just English's way of saying that in your case there happen to be three\nother people with the same parents as you?\n\nA lot of the cases where we would use `have` in English that are not really\npossessive in Japanese end up being `何々がある・いる`, but I think this can be fairly\nintuitive if you give it a chance.\n\nLastly, there are a couple other verbs that are used for specific cases.\n\nIf you want to talk about owning a pet, you (as user27280 mentioned) use `飼う`.\nThink of this as `keep`ing an animal.\n\nHowever, for objects that are explicitly yours, the verb `持つ` is also used.\nIt's usually taught as \"have/hold\", but as you can see\n[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A4) it can also mean \"have\" in\nthe sense of possession/ownership. You wouldn't use it for your sister(s) or a\ndog, but you could certainly say\n\n> 私は車を３台持っています。\n\nEdit: I also want to draw attention to user27280's answer, and specifically\nthe usage of `私には何々がいる`, which implies more possession/relationship than just\n`私は何々がいる`.",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-02T06:17:35.190",
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"body": "It depends on context. 'There is' is existence and 'I have' is possession. You\ncan say 君は僕の女 or あなたは私の彼 but I do not think 'you are mine' is a popular phrase\nin Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T15:38:09.900",
"id": "56998",
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56979
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56986
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"body": "I am talking to my a teacher of mine, and would like to ask her to look at a\npicture I took a screen shot of this morning because one of her staff came up\nto us and said 「おはようございました」and we had a debate on whether or not people\nactually used that sentence because it seemed obscure. I was thinking it might\nbe something along the lines of, ”この画像見てください。”",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T02:44:31.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56980",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-16T00:07:00.877",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T15:52:14.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27966",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How would you say, 「Will you please look at this picture?」",
"view_count": 1270
}
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[
{
"body": "> 「この画像見てください。」\n\nlacks the nuance that you want and sounds too direct. It is basically saying\n'Look at this image please'.\n\nEven though ください is generally translated as 'please', it doesn't have quite\nthe same sense of imploring someone to do something. Take, as an example'\n「ビールをください」. While it could be translated as 'Beer please', it could also be\ntranslated as 'Give me a beer'. ください is just a more formal way of saying 'do\nthis for me'.\n\nThat small non-sequitur out of the way, a way to phrase it to sound more like\na polite request would be to say:\n\n> 「この画像／写真を見てくださいませんか。」- 'Won't you look at this image/picture?'\n\nor, even just adding a softener to the end would help a bit (but might make\nyou sound too chummy) :\n\n> 「この画像／写真を見てくださいね。」- 'Please look at this image/picture, okay?'\n\nAs far as 「おはようございました」, it seems that this is dialectical speech in small\nsegments of the Kanto population, but more prevalent (yet still not common) in\nthe northern reaches (Tohoku, Hokkaido), and some people (probably the same\npeople) think it sounds more polite in the past-tense form.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T06:30:10.553",
"id": "56988",
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"last_editor_user_id": "27280",
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "56980",
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"score": 0
}
] |
56980
| null |
56988
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56983",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "これを青いのと取り替えてください。 I can't figure how this と (〜のと) works here",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T03:13:41.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56981",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T03:52:23.320",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T03:28:33.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "27223",
"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the function of this と",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「これ **を** 青{あお}いの **と** 取{と}り替{か}えてください。」\n\nFirst of all, 「青いの」 means \"a blue one\".\n\n> 「A + **を** + B + **と or に** + 取り替える」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"to exchange A for B\"\n\nSo, in this case, the と or に functions as the \"for\" in the English equivalent.\nYou have no choice but to use it to make it grammatical.\n\n> \"Please exchange this for a blue one.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T03:52:23.320",
"id": "56983",
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"score": 4
}
] |
56981
|
56983
|
56983
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The sentence is:「『恋』じゃないかもしれないけど 『愛』ならあるよ」\n\nI tried looking up the difference between 恋 and 愛 , but I feel like I still\ndon't have a complete grasp over it.\n\nA temporary translation I have is: \"I might not be in love, but maybe I can\nlearn to love you.\" I got it from the idea that 愛 focuses more on the person\nwho is the object of your love, while 恋 is more on the feelings you have for\nthe person.\n\nIf anyone could help me with my lacking understanding, I'd really appreciate\nit. Thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T05:39:46.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56984",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27972",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Translating a sentence with 恋 and 愛",
"view_count": 681
}
|
[
{
"body": "Typically, 恋 is the feeling or state of emotion in the beginning of\nrelationships or even before relationships start. It's like a honeymoon\nperiod. 愛 is something you develop in a committed relationship.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T06:22:51.183",
"id": "56987",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T08:23:48.493",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T08:23:48.493",
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},
{
"body": "In this context, 恋 refers to that romantic passion which is unstable and\nuncontrollable. It's something you may suddenly fall in, but typically 恋\ndoesn't last for more than a year or two. 愛 is love you gradually and steadily\ndevelop over years, usually after a period of 恋. Basically 愛 is the same kind\nof love you give to your parents and siblings.\n\nThis sentence definitely says there is already 愛. So depending on the context,\nit can be translated like this:\n\n> I may not be in love with you (any more), but I love you anyway. \n> I have never fallen in love with him, but I love him (not as a romantic\n> partner but as a family member).\n\nFor example, a marriage via [_omiai_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miai) may\nnot start with romantic 恋, but a husband and a wife are expected to establish\n愛 anyway.\n\nSee: [Love in the air: 愛ｘ恋 {あい vs\nこい}](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2246/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T06:32:25.570",
"id": "56989",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T06:59:24.293",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T06:59:24.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "56984",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
56984
| null |
56989
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "56991",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Once again, from a manga. A gangster explains who his gang is up against.\n\n> 手を汚す程やなくても このまま立ち消えるなら それに越したことないゆう 連中もそれを助けとるらしい\n\nHe speaks Kansai-ben (I think), so やなくても is じゃなくても, ないゆう is ないという and 助けとる is\n助けている, right?\n\nMy current translation is something like: \"They [the gang we're up against]\nalso have help from guys who think there's nothing better than this, even when\nthey don't have to get their hands dirty and things end without a fight.\"\n\nI think I most struggle with このまま and それに because I don't quite understand\nwhat they're referring to.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T09:26:59.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56990",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T09:59:24.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27499",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Long sentence with Kansai dialect",
"view_count": 156
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's a little difficult to say what exactly the それを助けとる part refers to without\na little more context. This それ is presumably referring back to something\ndiscussed in a previous sentence - it wouldn't usually be used to refer to the\nenemy gang itself, but more likely a specific goal that they are pursuing, or\na more general situation. I'd guess it refers to the overall circumstances\nthat are endangering the speaker's gang.\n\nThe first part of the sentence is contrasting two positions held by the\nmentioned 連中, namely \"手を汚す程じゃない\" and \"このまま立ち消えるならそれに越したことはない\". So they're not\ninvested in this cause enough to \"get their hands dirty\" (presumably referring\nto eliminating the speaker's gang themselves), but they do think it would be\nthe best outcome if the gang were to just disappear (so they're tacitly\nsupporting the cause of getting rid of them).\n\nSo the それに that you're having trouble with is fairly straightforward - the それ\nis referring back to the hypothetical situation referred to in the previous\nclause (このまま立ち消える, the gang just disappearing), and the に is part of the\nstandard expression XXに越したことはない, meaning XX is the best possible outcome.\n\nThe このまま is a bit more fuzzy. As a general expression, it refers to things\nstaying or continuing the way they are, so here I'd say it refers to the gang\ndisappearing _as a continuation of the current situation_. In other words, the\ncurrent situation is that the gang are in _danger_ of being eliminated, and\nthe 連中 would be happy if that situation progresses to its natural conclusion\n(the gang being wiped out entirely). It's a bit tricky to fit the exact nuance\ninto a natural translation, but something like \"...if we just disappear _like\nthis_ \" might be close.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T09:59:24.793",
"id": "56991",
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"parent_id": "56990",
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"score": 2
}
] |
56990
|
56991
|
56991
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57330",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "暗くなる **につれて** 、気温も下がってきた。\n\n嫌なことがあっても、時間がたつ **にしたがって** 、少しずつ忘れていくものだ。\n\nI read these two sentences on my Japanese grammar book. Are ～につれて and ～にしたがって\ninterchangeable? How do I use them?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T14:44:09.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56992",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-26T01:53:08.447",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T15:13:08.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "18269",
"owner_user_id": "18269",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "I don't get the difference between ～につれて and ～にしたがって",
"view_count": 1604
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to my grammar book, につれて and にしたがって can be interchanged without\n\"changing the essential meaning\". にしたがって does seem to be used more in writing,\nwhile につれて is used more in speaking.\n\nBoth of these phrases are used to indicate related change. As in both of the\nsentences you provided, one thing changes, and another naturally follows.\n\nThe verb before these phrases has to indicate some kind of change or movement.\n\nOk: - indicate change. Many end with てくる or ていく.\n\n> 病気が治ってくるにつれて\n>\n> 年を取るにつれて\n>\n> 進んでいくにつれて\n\ndame - no change indicated\n\n> 昼ご飯を食べるにつれて\n>\n> 英語を教えるにつれて",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-17T14:25:26.447",
"id": "57330",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-26T01:53:08.447",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
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}
] |
56992
|
57330
|
57330
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "56995",
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"body": "> **こうまでも** プレッシャーを掛けられるとは\n\nI don't understand how こうまでも works here.\n\nDoes プレッシャーを掛ける mean \"to put pressure on\"? I'm trying to translate 掛ける\nindividually here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T14:49:35.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56993",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T15:21:20.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of こうまでも and use of 掛ける",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "So 掛ける means to multiply. In the context of the sentence you mentioned I'm\ngoing to assume that the phrase is the Japanese equivalent of \"the pressure is\nincreasing\" as in pressure to perform well or something like that. I'm not\ncertain about the rest of the sentence unfortunately, so maybe someone else\ncan chime in.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T15:18:42.330",
"id": "56994",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T15:18:42.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27531",
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "「こうまでも」 means \"to _this_ extent\". 「こう」 is used emphatically here.\n\n> Does プレッシャーを掛{か}ける mean \"to put pressure on\"?\n\nYes, it does. It would need to be remembered as a set phrase. Otherwise, one\nwould probably not be able to come up with 「掛ける」if one were translating word\nfor word from English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T15:18:45.013",
"id": "56995",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "プレッシャーを掛ける does mean 'to put pressure on'. こうまでも is used when said pressure\nwas more than you expected, especially when you are not sure if you can handle\nthe pressure. In general, it could be used in many more sentences. For\nexample, if you knew weather was going to be bad but if weather got much worse\nthan you expected, you would say こうまでも天気が悪くなるとは思わなかった。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T15:21:20.807",
"id": "56996",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27953",
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"score": 0
}
] |
56993
|
56995
|
56995
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a difference in usage depending on the situation?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T15:27:22.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56997",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T06:54:27.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-04T14:57:54.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "27974",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 塀 and 垣",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "塀: a fence made of/from wooden board, clay, or concrete\n\n垣: a hedge made of shrubs, trees, or bamboos",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T06:54:27.313",
"id": "57101",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T06:54:27.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "56997",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
56997
| null |
57101
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57001",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [this\narticle](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011345911000/k10011345911000.html)\nabout a roof top walkway on Japan's tallest building:\n\n> このアトラクションには、展望台に入る料金 **と** １０００円が必要です。 \n> For this attraction you need (to pay) 1000 yen _which includes_ the fee for\n> going on the viewing platform.\n\nMore literally, \"For this attraction, with the fee for going on the viewing\nplatform, 1000 yen is needed\"\n\nI'm not at all convinced I've understood this sentence correctly. In\nparticular I'm unsure what the meaning of と is here. I'm treating it as\n'with'. So if I pay 1000 yen I can go to the attraction **and** go on the\nviewing platform? But I thought the attraction was **just** the viewing\nplatform so if my translation is correct then 展望台に入る料金と seems redundant.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T16:50:31.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "56999",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T17:18:24.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Meaning of と in 料金と１０００円",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "This と means \"and\". It means \"For this attraction you need (to pay) the fee\nfor going on the viewing platform and 1000 yen.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T17:18:24.600",
"id": "57001",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T17:18:24.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "56999",
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56999
|
57001
|
57001
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{
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"body": "I know that \"逆に\" means \"on the contrary\", but in english \"on the contrary\" can\nbe used either for contrast, or for saying \"in addition\" (or similar terms). \nCan the japanese \"逆に\" be used to say \"in addition\" (or something similar) too?\n\nI have seen a few people that said \"逆に\" can be used to say \"moreover\" or \"in\nfact\", but I would like a confirmation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T17:15:31.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57000",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T07:12:33.923",
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"owner_user_id": "27965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Can \"逆に\" be used to say \"in addition\"?",
"view_count": 832
}
|
[
{
"body": "### Can “逆に” be used to say “in addition”?\n\n * No.\n\n### ... in [E]nglish \"on the contrary\" can be used ... for saying \"in\naddition\" (or similar terms).\n\n * Not in any variety of English that I'm familiar with (grew up in the US, familiar with mass-media Canadian and British usage).\n\n### I have seen a few people that said \"逆に\" can be used to say \"moreover\" or\n\"in fact\"\n\n * 逆【ぎゃく】に literally means _\"in reverse, backwards\"_ , and also idiomatically includes the sense of _\"on the contrary\"_. When starting a sentence with 逆【ぎゃく】に, the speaker is explicitly contrasting with, or refuting, the previous statement: they are **not** adding to the previous statement. In English, _\"contrary\"_ means _\"opposing or opposite; unfavorable or disagreeable\"_. If I say one thing, and then start another sentence with _\"on the contrary\"_ , I do **not** mean _\"in addition\"_ , and I am explicitly introducing a **dissimilar** statement, not continuing the previous one.\n\n[HTH!](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/HTH)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T17:34:04.050",
"id": "57002",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T17:34:04.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "57000",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "Quite a few young people these days use 逆に as \"unpredictably\" in conversation.\nSo when it comes to youth slang, 逆に could mean \"in fact\" or \"actually\" to make\nyou flabbergasted. Mentally mature people do not like the usage though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T07:12:33.923",
"id": "57102",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T07:12:33.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57000",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57000
| null |
57002
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "English (and other languages) speakers often use \"How are you?\", \"What's up?\",\n\"How's it going?\" and similar phrases as greetings. Other language speakers\nand cultures will refrain from asking such a question unless they are\ngenuinely interested in the answer and have a reason to ask, so typically not\nas part of greeting someone.\n\nIs 「お元気ですか」 acceptable to use in a similar way, such as greeting someone with\n「おはようございます。お元気ですか。」?\n\nIf it is, how common is it?\n\nDoes it sound weird to native speakers?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T18:01:47.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57003",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T18:42:01.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "66",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage",
"greetings"
],
"title": "Is 「お元気ですか」 an acceptable/common greeting?",
"view_count": 434
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is weird if it's the first phase you open with. First you need an opener.\nIf you're a guy you might say, おい、元気？ (\"Oi\" or オッス \"Ossu\" is not really a\nword, it's more like a sound, or like \"hey!\" preceding a \"what's up\" in\nEnglish.) But just like \"what's up, this is between pals, casual not for your\nbig boss or strangers. Women tend to say 久しぶり、元気？or even a cute ハイハイ! 元気?\nThere are many different combos, but I've never heard a conversation just\nstart with straight up \"Genki?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-02T18:26:50.240",
"id": "57004",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-02T18:42:01.387",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-02T18:42:01.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "27922",
"owner_user_id": "27922",
"parent_id": "57003",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
57003
|
57004
|
57004
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is a stanza from an enka song:\n\n> あれから幾つの 流れ星 \n> かぞえた女の 一途な願い \n> 面影胸に 待ちわびて \n> 積丹かもめに なれるなら \n> カムイの岬 どこまでも \n> あなたを探して 飛ぶものを\n\nI get what the lyrics are saying, I'm just wondering what the final \"ものを\"\nrefers to or what it connects to.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T01:23:34.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57005",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T02:29:39.487",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T02:29:39.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27981",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"syntax",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Help understanding trailing \"ものを\" in song lyrics",
"view_count": 156
}
|
[
{
"body": "「ものを」 here is a sentence-ending particle expressing a feeling of **_regret,\ndissatisfaction_** , etc. regarding something you have little control over.\n\nIn this song, the regret is about being unable to go look for 「あなた」 at will\nthe way the speaker could if she were a 積丹{しゃこたん}かもめ (\"a Shakotan seagull\").\n\nThis 「～～ものを」 is synonymous to 「～～のになあ」、「～～のだがなあ」, etc.\n\nGood question!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T02:00:27.773",
"id": "57007",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T02:00:27.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
57005
| null |
57007
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57008",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Objects, you can refer to as 古い with impunity. But I have never once heard a\nperson referred to as 古い, so for a long time I thought the word just _didn't\napply_ to people. Still, searching 古い男 on Google gets pictures of old men. I\nimagine it's probably best to refer to old people as something like おじいさん or\n老人 if their age is relevant, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T01:50:17.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57006",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-23T01:15:39.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Is it rude to refer to a person as 古い?",
"view_count": 1851
}
|
[
{
"body": "To us native speakers, 「古{ふる}い男{おとこ}」 _**does not**_ mean \"an old man\"; It\nnever does to tell the truth. This is why direct translation could be\ndangerous at times.\n\n「古い男」 to us generally means \" _ **an old-fashioned man**_ \". In other words,\nit is synonymous to 「古いタイプの男」、「価値観{かちかん}の古い男」、「考{かんが}え方{かた}の古い男」, etc.\n\nTherefore, a 「古い男」 does not necessarily have to be biologically old because it\nis his personal values that matter here.\n\nTo refer to \"an old man\", we use\n「年配{ねんぱい}の男の人」、「老人{ろうじん}」、「年老{としお}いた男性{だんせい}」、「おじいさん」, etc. (We do not use 「男」\nby itself nearly as often as you use \"man\" in English.)\n\nFinally, it might help to remember that 「古い」 is the antonym of 「新{あたら}しい」\n(\"new\") and _**not**_ of 「若{わか}い」 (\"young\"). This is clearly different from\nEnglish where \"old\" is the antonym of both \"new\" and \"young\". It is a \"well-\nknown\" cause of mistranslation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T02:11:06.197",
"id": "57008",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-23T01:15:39.143",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-23T01:15:39.143",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57006",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
},
{
"body": "> But I have never once heard a person referred to as 古い,\n\nWe use 古い also 新しい for a person not for describing his/her age but for\ndescribing his/her way/tendency of thinking.\n\nAs you know 古い is an adjective, and an adjective has two different ways of use\nas a predicative use and an attributive one.\n\nAn attributive use of 古い is already answered using the example with 古い男, so\nI'll answer 古い in a predicative use.\n\n古い in 彼は **古い** means 彼の **考え方は古い** _His way of thinking is obsolete/old-\nfashioned_ , while 彼は新しい means _His way of thinking is\nnovel/original/innovative/unconventional/audaciou/avant-garde._\n\nBoth ways of use of 古い could be used, but I think 彼は古い/新しい is used more than\n彼は古い男/新しい男です.\n\n# EDIT\n\nA good way to refer to \"an old man\" is **お年寄｛としよ｝り** like\n（車内{しゃない}では、）お年寄りに席｛せき｝を譲｛ゆず｝る _to yield one's seat to an elderly person (on\nthe train)_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T03:26:34.257",
"id": "57009",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T04:47:35.427",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "57006",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
57006
|
57008
|
57008
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "With the sentence:\n\n> 「僕は今度遠い所へ行くから **ね** 、その前一寸お前に遭いに来たよ。」\n\n\"I am leaving now to go to a far away place, so before that I came to meet you\nfor a short time.\"\n\nAssuming I read that right, then it seems like the **ね** is a sentence-ending\nparticle sitting at the end of the 1st clause in this compound sentence (\"I am\nleaving now to go to a far away place\").\n\nSo that leads me to two questions:\n\n 1. **Can sentence-ending particles (よ, ね, な, etc) be used at the end of independent clauses in a compound sentence?**\n 2. **If this ね isn't the \"seek agreement\" particle, then what is it? An interjection?**",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T03:27:15.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57010",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-03T14:03:10.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Can sentence-ending particles be used at the end of an independent clause?",
"view_count": 259
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Can sentence-ending particles (よ, ね, な, etc) be used at the end of\n> independent clauses in a compound sentence?\n\nね is different from other sentence particles in that it has no restrictions on\nthe forms it can follow. See page 4 of [Japanese the Spoken Language Part\n2](https://yalebooks.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Media/9780300041880_Jorden_Japanese%20Spoken%20Language%20Part%202/9780300041880_Lesson%2013.pdf).\n\n> If this ね isn't the \"seek agreement\" particle, then what is it? An\n> interjection?\n\nAs mentioned in chapter 10 of Japanese: The Spoken Language Part 1, a sentence\nis frequently broken up into shorter spans, with ね (often ね？or ね！ or even ねぇ)\nadded to the nonfinal sentences. These uses of ね are meant to indicate the\nspeaker's request for\n[あいづち](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%A7%8C), i.e. a confirmation\nfrom the listener that they are paying attention and are involved in the\nconversation, in the form of at least a firm nod, but often a verbalization\nlike はい or ええ or even a form of そう.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T10:55:13.877",
"id": "57021",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T14:57:44.213",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T14:57:44.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "27987",
"owner_user_id": "27987",
"parent_id": "57010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57010
| null |
57021
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57015",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "At least sometimes, I would like to not worry about 割り勘. And (at least\ninitially) I would not like to worry about knowing when and who should オゴリ.\n\nWhen I'm out with co-workers/friends for lunch, or drinks after work, at least\nsometimes what if I were to say:\n\n> いや、今日は断食です。\n\nAnd then just drink water, or maybe just one beer.\n\nHow does 断食 sound? Does it make a native speaker smile, shrug, and be like\n\"whatever\"? Or does it sound really weird and out of place? It has a strong\nconnotation of Buddhism, right? How strong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T04:57:45.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57011",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T06:39:53.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27062",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What impression does it give to say \"今日は断食です\" at a meal with co-workers?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you say 断食, some people would think you don't eat anything for the reason\nof your religion.\n\nI recommend you to say \"ダイエット中だから\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T06:27:29.003",
"id": "57015",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T06:39:53.833",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T06:39:53.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "57011",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57011
|
57015
|
57015
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57013",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 可愛くないのはやだけど妙に気合い入れたと思われるのも...\n\nContext: A girl goes to buy pajamas, but she's not sure which one she should\nbuy (she's shown having trouble picking up). Then she says that sentence.\n\nI'm not sure about why there's ない after 可愛く. From what I can understand, the\ngirl is saying that she doesn't want to buy cute pajamas because it would be\nstrange for her to do so (I guess it's implied she doesn't like to look cute).\nAnyway, I'm not sure if I really get what she means.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T05:32:48.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57012",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T17:46:13.373",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-15T17:46:13.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27578",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "可愛くないのはやだけど妙に気合い入れたと思われるのも",
"view_count": 342
}
|
[
{
"body": "可愛くないのはやだけど means \"I don't want to buy uncute pajamas\".\n\nやだ would follow the phrase 妙に気合い入れたと思われるのも.\n\nI translated 妙に気合い入れたと思われる as \"Others think that I strangely fire myself up\n(by wearing too cute pajamas).\" or \"Others think that I strangely fire myself\nup (by buying too cute pajamas).\" 気合い入れる means \"to fire oneself up, to give it\none's all, to get psyched\". So buying(wearing) too cute clothes mean \"to fire\noneself up\" in this context.\n\nFor example, when she come a party in too dressed up clothes, some people may\nsay \"彼女、気合入れすぎ!\".\n\nSo this sentence means \"Though I don't want to buy uncute pajamas, too cute\nones either.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T06:17:53.260",
"id": "57013",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-19T05:36:09.093",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-19T05:36:09.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "57012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I'm also a little confused. Reading this, my understanding of it is something\nalong the lines of \"Even though it's not cute, I find it strange that I'm\ngetting psyched.\"\n\nI could be misunderstanding, but it looks like she wants it to be cute?\n\n> 「可愛くないのはやだけど」\n\nAs in, \"This isn't cute, but...\"\n\nEdit: I guess reading everyone else's reply, I didn't take into consideration\nthe 思われる, which I know is the passive tense form of 思う, where the action is\nbeing done to you by another person. So, I incorrectly treated it as \"思う\" and\nincorporated it as \"I find\" in my original sentence.\n\nI think the other users covered it better, but when I do add that 思われる、it\nchanges to \"Even though it's not cute, others would find that I'm getting\nstrangely psyched.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T06:22:48.163",
"id": "57014",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T16:18:50.713",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T16:18:50.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "27969",
"owner_user_id": "27969",
"parent_id": "57012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "> 可愛くないのは **や** だけど\n\nThe や is short for いや (嫌), \"don't like/want\" or \"hate\".\n\n\"I don't want uncute ones but\" （≂ 「可愛くないのはイヤだけど」）\n\nbreakdown: \n可愛くない -- \"not cute\" \nの -- 準体助詞/phrasal particle \"the one\" \nは -- topical/contrasitve particle \nや ＜ いや -- \"hate, don't like\" \nだ -- copula \nけど -- conjunction \"but\"\n\n* * *\n\n> 妙に気合い入れたと思われるのも...\n\n「いや（だ）」 or something similar is left unsaid at the end (because it can be\nimplied without being explicitly uttered).\n\n_lit._ \"(I don't want) the ones that might be thought of as strangely pumped\nup, either...\" \n→ \"I don't want the ones that would make others think that I am\noddly/unusually/too pumped up, either...\" \n(≂ 「妙に気合を入れたと思われるのもイヤだ」)\n\nbreakdown: \n妙に -- \"strangely/oddly\" or maybe \"unusually\" (or \"(a bit) too much\"?) \n気合い入れた -- \"to be pumped up, to be fired up\" \nと -- quotative particle \n思われる -- passive of 思う \"to be thought\" \nの -- \"the one\" \nも -- binding particle \"either\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T06:53:15.893",
"id": "57016",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T15:48:35.787",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T15:48:35.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "57012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57012
|
57013
|
57016
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57026",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Consider this sentence:\n\n> **いつもと** 変えてたまに外で食事しよう。\n\nThis was translated as:\n\n\"Let's occasionally change where we go to eat out.\"\n\nI have two questions:\n\n 1. If いつも means always/usually, I don't understand how that fits into the translation because たまに expresses \"occasionally\".\n 2. If いつも is an adverb/noun, how is the と particle used in this sentence?\n\nAn explanation of how the grammar works would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T12:25:14.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57022",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T14:22:32.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Why is いつも used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 805
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, when I read that sentence I think it means something more like:\n\nInstead of always [eating here], let's go out to eat once in a while.\n\nor perhaps,\n\nChanging from usual, let's eat elsewhere occasionally.\n\nいつも here is kind of being used as a nominal, yes, but really the nominal you\nare dealing with is in fact いつ itself, followed by two particles (も and と）. と\nis being used in its coordinating sense, the same way it is used in これと違います\n(\"it's different from this\").\n\nYou can think of いつも as what is being changed by 変える. と can link a nominal to\na predicate (see chapter 10B-3 of Japanese: The Spoken Language) carrying a\nsense of \"accompaniment.\" This meaning is so broad that it allows us to\nconstruct sentences like いつもと変える (\"different/changing _from_ usual\") and\n課長と相談する (\"consult _with_ the section leader\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T13:01:12.813",
"id": "57024",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T13:11:38.397",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T13:11:38.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "27987",
"owner_user_id": "27987",
"parent_id": "57022",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> 「いつもと変{か}えてたまに外{そと}で食事{しょくじ}しよう。」\n\nAnd someone translated that to:\n\n> \"Let's occasionally change where we go to eat out.\"\n\nNow, I have to say that the **_original and the translation do not match at\nall_**. Frankly, the translator does not seem to be very proficient in\nJapanese.\n\nThe speaker of the original sentence (and his/her group/family) usually eat at\nhome. (いつも = usually) On this particular day, however, s/he is suggesting to\nmake a change in that habit and go out to eat instead. Are you following?\n\nThe problem is that that is **not** what the translated English sentence says\nat all.\n\n> 1. If いつも means always/usually, I don't understand how that fits into the\n> translation because たまに expresses \"occasionally\".\n>\n\nAs I stated, that translation is a complete flop. It would not be very\nproductive to discuss which word went where.\n\n> 2. If いつも is an adverb/noun, how is the と particle used in this sentence?\n>\n\nHere, 「いつも」 is a noun, so no problem with the 「と」. This 「と」 indicates the\n\"standard\" when talking about making a change. 「いつも」 is the standard and they\nwant a change from that and go eat out.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T13:16:33.880",
"id": "57026",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T14:22:32.043",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T14:22:32.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57022",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
57022
|
57026
|
57026
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57028",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Consider this sentence:\n\n> さっきなぜかマイクが **入らなかった** 。\n\nThis is translated as:\n\n\"For some reason the microphone didn't work earlier.\"\n\nWhen I looked up the [definition](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8B)\nof 入る\n\n 1. to enter; to go into\n 2. to break into\n 3. to join; to enrol\n 4. to contain; to accomodate\n 5. to have (an income of)\n 6. to get; to receive; to score\n\nNon of the definitions listed indicates \"not working\". Perhaps the closest one\nwould be 2. but it seems to indicate breaking into a place.\n\nCan someone explain how 入る works in this sentence?\n\nShouldn't 壊れる be used to indicate it's not working and how would it be\ndifferent from 入る?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T13:05:25.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57025",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T15:34:18.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What definition does 入る take in this sentence?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this sentence, 入る means 'to pick up'. The microphone didn't pick up your\nvoice somehow. Your voice did not go into the microphone. It does not\nnecessarily mean that the microphone is broken.\n\nEDIT: so this is confusing I know, but yes つける means to turn on. It really\ndepends on objects. If you want to turn TV on, its テレビをつける。 but if you say\nマイクをつける, that means to attach a microphone on your clothes. つける is used for\nlight, like TV or lamps, where 入れる is used for things like microphone, AC,\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T13:30:27.253",
"id": "57027",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T15:34:18.500",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-03T15:34:18.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "27953",
"owner_user_id": "27953",
"parent_id": "57025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "「入{はい}る」 means \" _ **to be turned on**_ \" when talking about electric devices.\n\nLikewise, 「入{い}れる」 means \" _ **to turn on**_ \".\n\n> \"The microphone didn't get turned on for some reason a while ago.\" or\n>\n> \"I couldn't turn on the microphone for some reason a while ago.\"\n\nAs far as pure grammar, the original sentence means the first of the two\ntranslations above. 「マイク」is the subject of the original sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T13:31:34.283",
"id": "57028",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-03T14:18:14.670",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
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57025
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57028
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57028
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{
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"body": "The only 達磨 I'm familiar with is daruma dolls, however I've seen/heard this\nused in a descriptive sense in anime and novels.\n\nI can recall seeing a character using it in a novel for example, I don't\nremember the exact Japanese but she was scolding her colleague in a restaurant\nsaying \"hurry up and finish the dishes you hairy daruma!\" (Her colleague has\nwild hair and a funny looking goatee.) Or in another book where the author\nwrote \"筋肉達磨になった男\" in reference to a man who had become stupidly muscular.\n\nSo what sort of meaning is it supposed to take on in contexts like that? Is\nthere some metaphorical meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-03T23:05:32.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "27998",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What sort of meaning does the word \"達磨\" take on when it's used in a descriptive sense?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "(I always write 「だるま」 in kana, so that is what I am going to do here, too.)\n\nUsed in the contexts described by you, 「だるま」 simply means a \"guy\" or \"person\".\nThe metaphorical usage of the term is usually well-intended as the だるま itself\nis an item of good omen to begin with. A humor factor is generally there as\nwell. All in all, it helps make a fun and animated expression.\n\nWhen I had a full beard several years ago, I was called ヒゲだるま by a few people\naround me. It made me smile each time, too. It would not have made me smile if\nsomeone had called me ヒゲじじい, for instance, instead.\n\nI assure you, though, that 「〇〇だるま」 is **_not_** a phrase pattern you would use\non a daily basis. It would easily lose its charm if you overused it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T01:35:12.847",
"id": "57041",
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"parent_id": "57034",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
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57034
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57037",
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"body": "These are some lyrics to a song:\n\n> 陽炎ゆらめいて\n>\n> 追憶の彼方に見た\n>\n> うたかたの夢はぜ\n>\n> 火の粉は大空へ舞う\n\nAnd this is supposed to be the translation:\n\n> After heat haze flickers.\n>\n> It was seen in the other side of the reminiscence.\n>\n> Transient dream explosion.\n>\n> A spark is danced to the sky.\n\nI'm having trouble with the third line, specifically with 「はぜ」. The dictionary\ntranslates it as gobby (fish)/wax tree/drying rice on a rack, and obviously\nnone of these make any sense given the context of the song as well as the\nsuggested translation. Outside of these meanings and the song itself, I\ncouldn't find any reference to 「はぜ」 at all. Could it be just a typo, or am I\nmissing something here?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-03T23:33:27.957",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of はぜ in this context",
"view_count": 421
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is no typo; It is an existing verb.\n\n「はぜ」 is the 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of the verb 「はぜる」, which means\n_**\" to pop\", \"to burst open\"**_, etc.\n\nWhen corn kernels はぜる, it is called \"popcorn\".\n\nSo, the line means:\n\n\" _ **The fleeting dream bursts open (and)**_ \"\n\nA similar-sounding synonym of 「はぜる」 is 「はじける」, which you might actually\nsee/hear more often. Both are originally Japanese words as, I hope, you can\ntell from the sounds.\n\nIn case you are more of a fan of big Sino-loanwords, 「破裂{はれつ}する」 would be a\nsynonym as well.",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-04T00:22:35.563",
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"score": 6
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57035
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57037
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57037
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57040",
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"body": "Excerpt from よだかの星. Before the Nighthawk leaves, he stops to speak to the\nkingfisher and says:\n\n> 「はちすずめへ、あとでよろしく云ってやって呉れ。」\n\nI'm having trouble resolving the 呉れ with へ in this sentence. \nIt seems like the speaker (the Nighthawk) is saying:\n\n> \"After (I leave), I will give best wishes in the direction of the\n> hummingbird.\"\n\na.k.a. \"When I'm gone, I'll send my best wishes to him\". \nHowever, I've never seen 呉れ used as \"I give to you\" (I've only seen it has\n\"you give to me\") so I'm unsure.\n\nIs this a correct reading of 呉れ in this context? \n **Can 呉れ go both ways?**",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T00:01:22.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57036",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-04T02:22:19.003",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Can 呉れ mean \"I give to you\" as well as \"you give to me\"?",
"view_count": 194
}
|
[
{
"body": "Recall that 呉れる is the plain version of the polite 下さる. くれ and ください both mean\n'to do for or give to the in-group' (often just the speaker). In this case, do\nme the favor of giving him my regards.\n\nよろしくお伝えください and よろしく言ってくれ both mean to give someone your regards (in your\nplace), i.e. \"Tell them I said 'hi'\".\n\n```\n\n はちすずめへ、To the hummingbird\n \n あとで later\n \n よろしく云って ＝ よろしく言って give my regards\n \n やって呉れ do this for me\n \n```\n\nThis culminates in:\n\n> Do me (the favor of) giving my regards to the hummingbird later on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T01:24:32.023",
"id": "57040",
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"body": "I have some sentences that involve the usage of と that I still don't\nunderstand:\n\n[1.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/51660/can-\nparticle-%E3%81%A8-be-used-with-%E5%88%86%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B/51678) This is\nfrom another user's post\n\n> 私はあなたがいつも忙しい **と** 分かっています。\n\n[2.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57022/why-\nis-%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%82%82-used-in-this-sentence) My previous question\n\n> いつも **と** 変えてたまに外で食事しよう。\n\n* * *\n\nAt the very basic level, this\n[post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15363/confusion-with-\njapanese-particle-%E3%81%A8-in-its-multiple-uses) pretty much sums up what I\nunderstand about と. I added a few more usages based on what I learnt so far.\n\n * Quotation or defining particle\n\n> e.g. [X]は日本語でなん **と** 言いますか？How do you say [X] in Japanese?\n>\n> e.g. 日本語は難しい **と** 思います。(I) think Japanese is difficult.\n>\n> e.g. 彼は明日来る **と** 言った｡ He said that he will come tomorrow.\n\n * Conditional particle\n\n> e.g. 彼は暇だ **と** いつもゲームをしているの。If he is free, he always plays games.\n\n * List of things\n\n> e.g. ナイフ **と** フォークでステーキを食べた。(I) ate steak with a knife and fork.\n\n * With/Partner of interaction/Accompaniment\n\n> e.g. 友達 **と** 映画に行った｡(I) went to watch a movie with my friend.\n>\n> e.g. 父 **と** 似ている。(I) resemble my father.\n\n * Objects of similarity/difference\n\n> e.g. 私の意見は彼の意見 **と** 異なる。My opinion is different from everyone.\n>\n> e.g. いつも **と** 同じ電車です。(It) is the same train as usual.\n\n * Sound/Onomatopoeia\n\n> e.g. 星がきらきら **と** 輝いている｡The stars are twinkling.\n\nI understand there are many more uses of と that I did not include in the list\nand that I may not be aware of.\n\n* * *\n\nI have trouble connecting both of the sentences above into one of the listed\ncategories.\n\nBut if I had to guess, と under sentence 1 is used as a Quotation or defining\nparticle? Such as the second example 日本語は難しいと思います。\n\nAnd for sentence 2, I see it used like いつもと同じ電車です under Objects of\nsimilarity/difference.\n\nBut I'm confused here because 変える is not a \"similarity\" but a \"change from\nusual\". However, I might have a misconception that と is not just used for\nobjects of similarity or differences in this particular case.\n\nCan someone explain how と is used in each of the sentences above? I would\nappreciate similar examples like ones provided above to help me understand how\nと is used in these cases, and I'm really thankful to anyone who can help clear\nup my confusion with this particle.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T00:57:04.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57038",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"nuances",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "How is と used in these sentences?",
"view_count": 1006
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1. 私はあなたがいつも忙しいと分かっています。\n>\n\nQuestion A:\n\n> と under sentence 1 is used as a Quotation or defining particle? Such as the\n> second example 日本語は難しいと思います。\n\nYes, it is. I'll show you the reason. \n日本語は難しいと思います could be rewritten as: \n(a)「日本語は難しい」 **と** 思います。 \nSentence 1 could be rewritten as: \n(b)「あなたがいつも忙しい」 **と** 私は分かっています。 \nと in (a) and (b) has the same function as quotation or defining particle.\n\n> 2. いつもと変えてたまに外で食事しよう。\n>\n\nQuestion B:\n\n> と is not just used for objects of similarity or differences in this\n> particular case.\n\nと in 2 is not used for objects of similarity or differences. \nWhy do you have the idea that と in 2 is like that in 私の意見は彼の意見 **と** 異なる or\nthat in いつも **と** 同じ電車です? \nThere is no such suggestions in the answers\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57022/why-\nis-%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%82%82-used-in-this-sentence). \nI think いつもと(変える) in 2 means \"(change) from a usual manner/custom\". \nAnyway some words are omitted in 2, so the omission might make you confused. \nThe full text of 2 might be like: \n- いつも **の習慣{しゅうかん}** / **やり方｛かた｝** と変えてたまに外で食事しよう。 \n- いつも **家｛いえ｝で食｛た｝べるという習慣｛しゅうかん｝** と変えてたまに外で食事しよう。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T11:51:35.300",
"id": "57050",
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{
"body": "As for your first sentence, you're right that the と is a quotative particle. \nIt's often used with a verb that introduces one's utterance or thought, e.g.\n言う, 思う, 感じる, 知る, 分かる, 話す, etc.\n\nA few examples:\n\n> 嫌だ **と言う** \n> 危ない **と感じる** \n> やめよう **と思った** \n> 痛い **と** 顔をしかめる (「言って」「思って」 etc. are occasionally left out) \n> これが最後 **と** 別れを惜しむ \n> (examples above taken from 明鏡国語辞典) \n> 正しい **という** 結論に達する \n> (from\n> [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8/))\n\n* * *\n\nAs for your second sentence, you're right again that the と indicates\n「比較・類別の際に照合される相手」(明鏡国語辞典) ,\n「比較の基準」([デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8/)),\nor \"Object of Similarity/Difference\" in your list. \nThe と is often used with a verb or adjective that expresses difference,\nchange, similarity, identity (sameness), or comparison, e.g. 同じ, 違う, 異なる, 似る,\n比べる, etc. and it functions like \"(same) as...\" \"(different/differentiate)\nfrom...\" \"(similar) to...\" \"(compare) with...\". In your example, ～と変える is used\nto mean \"change from...\". (～と変える can also mean \"change into~~\" (≂～に変える)\ndepending on context, and the と here indicates 動作の結果. By the way,\n～と[代]{か}える/[替]{か}える can mean \"exchange for~~/replace with~~\", where the と\nindicates 動作の対象.)\n\nA few examples:\n\n> あなた **と同じ** 考えだ \n> 以前 **と** は条件が **異なる** \n> 父[子]は子[父] **と似ている** \n> (examples taken from 明鏡国語辞典) \n> 君の **と** は **比べものにならない** \n> 昔 **と違う** \n> (from\n> [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8/))\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, the example `父と似ている。(I) resemble my father` is categorized in\n`With/Partner of interaction/Accompaniment` in your list, but I think it\nshould fall under `Objects of similarity/difference`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
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57038
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57077
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57077
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"body": "Im having some issues with the usage of こと in verbs. Our teacher explained\nthis form very quickly and i don't think i managed to understand how it works\nand what it's supposed to express. She told us NOT to think of verb + こと as\nthe infinite form (es: to sleep, to eat) but just to consider it a different\nkind of form. Basically, she told us that it's used when you're trying to\nexpress a habit or describe a しゅみ. For example:\n\n> 私のしゅみは音楽を聞くことです。\n\nBut there's also\n\n> でんしゃのなかでよくＪポップを聞きます。\n\nwhich seems like it's expressing a habit too, but there's no こと though. Or for\nexample, another phrase with しゅみ which doesn't have the こと form:\n\n> 私のしゅみは外国語のべんきょうです。\n\nThere's a しゅみ but it doesn't use that form.\n\nSo, how does this form work exactly? And what is it supposed express?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T01:04:11.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57039",
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"owner_user_id": "27960",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Usage of こと in verbs",
"view_count": 2201
}
|
[
{
"body": "Hobbies are listed as nouns or a series of nouns (Reading, writing, etc). こと\nhelps you do this, by turning the verb into an substantive noun clause.\n\n> 私のしゅみは音楽を聞くことです。\n\nThere is no problem with your first example.\n\n* * *\n\n> でんしゃのなかでよくＪポップを聞きます。\n\nWhile this might be an ongoing activity, is not being listed as such. 'I\n[listen to music] every day' vs. '[Listening to music] is my hobby'\n\n```\n\n でんしゃのなかでJポップを聞くことがしゅみです。\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\n> 私のしゅみは外国語のべんきょうです。\n\nThis phrase already has 外国語の勉強 used as a collective noun, so no change is\nnecessary. If you had it in verb form (V+する）it could also be stated as\nfollows:\n\n> 私のしゅみは外国語を勉強することです。\n\n* * *\n\nSo, think of it as adding '-ing' to the verb. Run➡running, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T03:55:12.177",
"id": "57043",
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{
"body": "First, it should bear emphatically pointing out that \"verb + こと\" has little to\ndo with expressing what your hobbies or habits are. Sure, you may happen to\nuse it when telling your new friend that you often listen to music or like\nlearning languages, but you are only using it in order to meet a grammatical\nrequirement. What こと does, specifically, is to turn a verb phrase into a noun\nphrase (or \"nominal\", hence it's nickname: \"nominalizer\"). With that in mind,\nlet's look at the example sentences one by one.\n\n> 私のしゅみは音楽を聞くことです。\n\nWhat we have here is a copular sentence, in which 私のしゅみ is the subject (marked\nwith \"は\", meaning it's also a topic), \"音楽を聞くこと\" is the predicative expression\nand です is the copula. An equivalent sentence in English would be \"My hobby is\nlistening to music.\" You have to turn the verb phrase 音楽を聞く into the noun\nphrase 音楽を聞くこと, because a verb phrase cannot be the predicative expression in\na copular sentence. 私のしゅみは音楽を聞くです。 is no more grammatical than \"My hobby is\nlisten to music.\" is.\n\n> でんしゃのなかでよくＪポップを聞きます。\n\nUnlike the sentence above, there is no copula in this one. It is made up of an\nomitted (presumably) first-person subject (私) and a predicate with the non-\ncopular verb 聞く (here in the polite form 聞きます). An English equivalent would\nbe: \"I often listen to J-pop on the train.\" There is no こと because there is no\ncopula and therefore no need (in fact, it would be ungrammatical, or at least\nchange the meaning of the sentence) to turn the verb phrase into a noun\nphrase.\n\n> 私のしゅみは外国語のべんきょうです。\n\nSo the copula です is back with this sentence. But we don't see こと. Why? Nannde?\nWell, that's because we don't have any verb phrase to nominalize to begin\nwith! 外国語のべんきょう, you see, is already a noun phrase. (The noun べんきょう is a\nverbal noun that you can turn into a verb by attaching する, so that you get\nべんきょうする 'study (verb)', which then can be turned back into a noun (phrase) by\nattaching こと to it, resulting in べんきょうすること 'studying'.) An English version\nwould be \"My hobby is study of foreign languages.\" or perhaps bit more\nnaturally, \"My hobby is studying foreign languages.\"\n\nSo there you have it. That's broadly how each sentence works. You might have\nmisunderstood your teacher when she explained the use of こと to you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-04T06:18:04.657",
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57039
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57044
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{
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"body": "> その地域では今も戦争で日に **何人もの人** が死んでいる。\n\nI encountered the above sentence. But, if it were me, I would write something\nlike this:\n\n> その地域では今も 戦争で(日々or日)に **何人も** 死んでいる。\n\nIs there any difference between the two in terms of meaning? Moreover, is\nthere any other example containing \"何XものX\" (X could be 人 or other words)?\n\nThanks for your reply in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T02:34:35.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57042",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T06:23:41.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "The meaning of \"もの\" in this sentence",
"view_count": 340
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't think it's 「何人 もの 人」. I think it's 「何人も の 人」 which I think translates\nliterally to \"every person.\"\n\nAccording to [Jisho](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%95%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%82), 何人も\nis a noun that translates to \"everyone/all/nobody.\" And, 何人も was brought up in\n[an older post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19374/27969), where a\nuser paraphrased it as だれも, which can also be interpreted as \"everyone/no\none.\"\n\nSo I think the sentence can be translated to something along the lines of\n\"Here in this war, even now, many people are dying.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T07:10:45.777",
"id": "57045",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-04T18:26:36.897",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-04T18:26:36.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "27969",
"owner_user_id": "27969",
"parent_id": "57042",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "何人もの人 means simply many people. It could be tens, hundreds, thousands, or even\nmore. 何人も could probably mean several people, 10 at most. If you would like to\ndescribe things rather than people, \"いくつもの\" (many) and \"いくつも\" (several) are\nfor you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T06:23:41.367",
"id": "57099",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T06:23:41.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57042",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
57042
| null |
57099
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57095",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've read that ヒロイン , meaning 'heroine', can also imply a romantic interest to\nthe hero pretty much by default culturally in Japan's stories.\n\nI can't seem to find any definitive source for this from a native speaker,\nthough, so I'm wondering if anyone on the language speaking boards has heard\nthis before?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T11:36:50.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57049",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T05:12:27.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18571",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "Implications of ヒロイン (Heroine) in stories",
"view_count": 518
}
|
[
{
"body": "ヒロイン has a few definitions. In most cases, it means the female protagonist in\na story. It can also mean a heroic female character. Another meaning would be\nthe female partner of the main character. ヒロイン can also take on the meaning of\na 'love interest'.\n\nSee this [Wikipedia\nentry](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T19:05:36.937",
"id": "57061",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-04T19:05:36.937",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "57049",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In a love story like _Romeo and Juliet_ , yes, ヒロイン refers to a main female\ncharacter who will (eventually) fall in love with a main male character.\n\nIn other types of stories, ヒロイン can simply refer to the most significant\nfemale character in a story, and you can use ヒロイン when there is no romance\nconcerned at all. A ヒロイン tends to be young and beautiful, but can be an old\nlady, too. For example Joan of Arc, [Yotsuba\nKoiwai](http://azumanga.wikia.com/wiki/Yotsuba_Koiwai), [Pretty\nCures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Cure) and [Maiden in\nBlack](http://demonssouls.wikia.com/wiki/Maiden_in_Black) can be called ヒロイン.\nStill, 主人公 may be a safer term when there is no romance concerned.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T04:52:05.757",
"id": "57095",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T05:12:27.410",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-06T05:12:27.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "57049",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57049
|
57095
|
57061
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I met the following sentence :\n\n> あなたのお母さんは私が好きじゃないと思います \n> I think your mother doesn't like me.\n\nAs far I can tell, あなたのお母さん is the subject or topic marker of the sentence.\nBut at the end of the sentence, there comes 思います, which means \"to think\".\n\nBased on the subject and the verb at the end, I'm confused with the\ntranslation since it says \"I think your mother [...]\".\n\nIsn't it supposed to be \"Your mother thinks [...]\" since the verb 思います refers\nto the subject あなたのお母さん? Where did the \"I\" subject come from? Or is there an\ninvisible subject \"I\" in the sentence ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T14:01:57.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57054",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-04T17:20:13.460",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-04T17:20:13.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "28004",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"sentence-final-particles",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Confused when determining the correct subject with 思います",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "In declarative statements, と思う almost always refers to the speaker. Japanese\ndoesn't usually presume to know the thoughts of someone else (in fact, it\noften doesn't even assume to know the speaker's thoughts completely! Hence you\nfind constructions like 何々したいと思う when referring to what you intend to do).\nAlso, it's more typical to quote someone else's statements with 言う or そう.\n\nHere the speaker is not the \"subject.\" Since this is a quotative statement\n(indicated by と), the subject of interest is within the quotation (i.e. the\nmother).\n\nAlso, because と思う is outside of the quotation, it leaves us without an\nexplicit subject for the overall statement. In general, when there is no\nexplicit subject in Japanese, the sentence is usually referring to the speaker\nor listener (more often the speaker), unless context makes it very clear\notherwise.\n\nFor what it's worth, there is a 私 in your sentence anyway.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T14:39:11.587",
"id": "57056",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-04T15:20:39.227",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-04T15:20:39.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "27987",
"owner_user_id": "27987",
"parent_id": "57054",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "TOPIC(subject-predicate) + COMMENT\n\n```\n\n THEME/TOPIC: Your mother dislikes me \n \n SUBJECT (Your Mother) PREDICATE (dislikes me)\n \n COMMENT: I feel\n \n```\n\n「あなたのお母さんは私が好きじゃない。」\n\nと、\n\n思います。 （私は）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T14:40:15.853",
"id": "57057",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-04T14:40:15.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57054",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
57054
| null |
57056
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57059",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 泳ぐ前に、しっかり準備体操をするのを忘れない、というのを注意した方がいいと思います。 \n> I think I should warn (people) not to forget to warm up properly before\n> swimming. \n> そうですね。私も時々水の中で足をツッてしまいますから、みなさんも注意してください。 \n> That's right. I also sometimes _get cramp in my legs_ in the water, so\n> please pay attention.\n\nIt first I thought ツッて came from 吊る and I read it as \"dangle my legs in the\nwater\", but that makes no sense from context. So I checked the dictionary and\nfound \"to cramp\". But the dictionary doesn't say that this is a transitive\nverb and it doesn't seem to me like it should be. So how can I understand\n足をつる. How should I use this verb normally?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T17:20:56.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57058",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-04T13:06:48.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Transitivity of つる with the meaning \"to cramp\"",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "Strictly speaking, 「つる」 is an _**intransitive**_ verb when used for the\nmeaning of \" _ **to have a cramp in ~~**_ \". So, you would say 「足{あし} **が**\nつる」 rather than 「足 **を** つる」 if you were to follow the dictionary.\n\nIn real life, however, quite a few native speakers do say 「足 **を** つる」 as if\nthey make it happen of their own will.\n\nI would advise that you learn it as an \"officially\" intransitive verb but be\nready to encounter those who might think otherwise because the \"misusage\" is\nnot all that rare in this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T17:42:22.403",
"id": "57059",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-04T13:06:48.263",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-04T13:06:48.263",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57058",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
57058
|
57059
|
57059
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57063",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 僕の注意なんて、みんなの参考になるかな。一応いうけど、ヨーロッパの街角でスリにあわないように気をつけるってことかな。 \n> I wonder if my advice will be useful to everyone. I'll say it just in case.\n> Take care not to meet pickpockets on the street corners of Europe.\n\nI'm sure my translation is wrong because I haven't accounted for ってことかな, and\n気をつける is not an imperative.\n\nIf I had to translate literally the best I could do is:\n\n> I wonder if it's the case that you will take care not to meet ...\n\nBut that sounds ridiculous, and I'm not even sure if it's correct. How should\nI understand ってことかな here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T19:36:41.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57062",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T04:45:20.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Sentence ending ってことかな",
"view_count": 815
}
|
[
{
"body": "ってこと is a common way of saying ということ in spoken Japanese, and in this case it\nrefers back to 僕の注意. What is my advice? My advice is X ということです。かな is used as a\nsoftener, the way you'd use \"I guess\" or \"maybe\" or \"probably\" in English.\n\n> My advice ... is you should probably watch out for pickpockets on the street\n> corners of Europe.\n\nAlso, it doesn't really matter, but I read the スリにあう as 「スリに遭う」, with スリ\nreferring to the crime rather than the criminal, but it translates more\nnaturally as \"watch out for/avoid pickpockets\" in English.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-04T20:56:40.003",
"id": "57063",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T04:45:20.353",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-05T04:45:20.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "57062",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
57062
|
57063
|
57063
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57073",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> その後は特に気にかけることもなく時間がすぎたということです。\n\nI understand it as \"After that, without discovering anything new we spent time\non it\" but I'm really not sure.\n\ncontext of the sentence:\n\n\"足元に黒く光る変わった石が\n\n今回、発見された隕石は６年前の秋、三津村さんが自宅近くの畑で野菜の収穫作業をしていた際に偶然見つけました。\n休憩のため腰を下ろそうとした時、足元に黒く光る変わった石があるのに気づき、持ち上げたところ重かったため、「珍しい」と思って持ち帰り、玄関に飾ったということです。\n訪ねてきた知人に「隕石じゃないか」と指摘され、磁石を近づけてくっつくことも確認しましたが、\n**その後は特に気にかけることもなく時間がすぎたということです。** \"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T08:43:40.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57065",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T15:46:02.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does mean this sentence?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"without discovering anything new\" would be literally translated as\n\"なんの新しい発見もなしに\".\n\n気にかける means \"care about\", \"be concerned about\" and so on.\n[https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e6%b0%97%e3%81%ab%e6%8e%9b%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b&ref=wl](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e6%b0%97%e3%81%ab%e6%8e%9b%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b&ref=wl)\n\nI think \"without caring about the stone\" or \"without paying attention to the\nstone\" are appropriate. And \"he spent time\" is correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T13:07:17.563",
"id": "57071",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T13:07:17.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "57065",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 「その後{ご}は特{とく}に気{き}にかけることもなく時間{じかん}がすぎたということです。」\n\nYou have translated that sentence to:\n\n> \"After that, without discovering anything new we spent time on it.\"\n\nI wonder where you get \" **discovering anything new** \" from. There is no\nword/phrase even close it in the original sentence.\n\nThere is no equivalent of \" **spent time on it** \" in the original, either,\nbut this is far better than the \"discovering\" part.\n\n「気にかける」 means \" ** _to be concerned about_** \", \" **to pay (extra) attention\nto** \", etc.\n\n「時間がすぎた」 simply means \" ** _time passed by_** \"\n\nThus, my own TL would be:\n\n> \"(He says that), after that, he was not particularly concerned about it and\n> time just passed by.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T13:19:55.953",
"id": "57073",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T15:46:02.630",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-05T15:46:02.630",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57065",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57065
|
57073
|
57073
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57070",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For the life of me I cannot track down the bolded word in Jisho. I expected it\nto be the adverbial form of an い-adjective, but ぐろい is not listed (just グロい,\nwhich seems wrong in the context).\n\n> 空は青 **ぐろく** 、一面の星がまたたいていました。<- Excerpt from よだかの星\n\nI don't like to ask for a single word to be translated like this... but since\nI can't even **find** it (or any possible dictionary forms like ぐろくる, ぐろい,\netc) in a dictionary, I'm hoping there might be something more to learn here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T08:52:57.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57066",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T12:49:36.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27592",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What conjugation of what word is ぐろく?",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "青ぐろく is the continuative/adverbial form of 青黒い(so the ぐろく is only a part of\nthe word)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T08:59:58.163",
"id": "57067",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T12:10:48.287",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-05T12:10:48.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "25980",
"owner_user_id": "25980",
"parent_id": "57066",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「空{そら}は青{あお}ぐろく、一面{いちめん}の星{ほし}がまたたいていました。」\n\nAs you know (I hope), **_all verbs and adjectives conjugate in Japanese_** ,\nbut only the dictionary forms can usually be found in the dictionary. It is,\ntherefore, imperative that one learn how verbs and adjectives conjugate even\nif it might be a pain in the you-know-where. You will only thank yourself for\nmastering it because, frankly, there is no such thng as being even semi-fluent\nin Japanese if you cannot conjugate words freely.\n\n「ぐろく」 is only part of the word 「青ぐろく」.\n\n「青ぐろく」 is the 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of the adjective 「青ぐろい/青黒い」\n(\"bluish-black\").\n\n(Whenever you see an unfamiliar word placed **_mid-sentence_** , think of the\npossibility of it being in the 連用形. There have been quite a few questions\nabout the 連用形 without the questioners realizing that they are the 連用形 of the\nverbs and adjectives that they have long been familiar with.)\n\nThus, the sentence means:\n\n> \"The sky was bluish-black **_and_** the stars all around were blinking.\"\n\n**To say \"and\" is the function of the 連用形 here. You state something and\ncontinue to say something else**.\n\nHere is how the adjective 「青黒い」 conjugate.\n\n青黒 **かろ** （う）、青黒 **かっ** （た）、青黒 **く** /青黒 **く** （ない）、青黒 **い** 、青黒 **けれ** （ば）\n\nThe parts in **bold** above are the nitty-gritty and those are where mistakes\nare made by J-learners.\n\nFinally, regarding the reason for the く-to-ぐ change in 「青ぐろい」, read\n[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku). The phenomenon is called\n連濁{れんだく}.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T12:41:31.837",
"id": "57070",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T12:49:36.307",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-05T12:49:36.307",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57066",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57066
|
57070
|
57070
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57069",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> 今日はもうそれくらいに **しといてあげる** 。\n\nIt is translated roughly as\n\n\"It is enough for today. I will let you go now.\"\n\nI know that しておく/しとくto show something is done in preparation for something\nelse in the future.\n\nBut I don't understand how しといてあげる is translated as \"I will let you go now.\"?\n\nI read it as \"I'll give you favor of doing in preparation for something\" which\ndoesn't make sense at all.\n\nCan someone explain the grammar behind this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T09:06:52.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57068",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T10:14:02.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "How is しといてあげる used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 898
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「今日{きょう}はもうそれくらいにしといてあげる。」\n\nSomeone's translation of that is:\n\n> \"It is enough for today. I will let you go now.\"\n\nThat would be an okay TL: It is passable. At least, the essence of the\noriginal is maintained to a large extent.\n\nThe original does not explicitly say \"I will let you go now.\", but one could\nsay it is implied.\n\nI would recommend that you remember:\n\n> 「もうそれくらいにしておく」\n\nas a fairly common set phrase meaning:\n\n> \"to leave it at that\"\n\nSo, the whole sentence means:\n\n> \" ** _I will leave it at that (for you) for today_**.\"\n\nFor the lack of context, I have no idea what has been going on between the two\nparties, but luckily as a Japanese-speaker, I do know that one of the two is\nsaying that s/he has done enough (harm ?) for today.\n\n「それくらいにしといてあげる」 can only be said by the \"winning/ruling/teaching\" party. It\ncannot be said by the other party. And this is excactly why, in comedy, the\nphrase is often uttered by the losing side of a fight to get a laugh.\n\nRegarding \"doing something in preparation for another thing\" as a meaning of\n「しておく」, it does not necessarily have to be directly used in the translation.\nIf it is a good translation, that idea will be implied somewhere.\n\nMy TL \"I will leave it at that (for you) for today.\" would imply that idea,\nwhich could be like \"I could do more (harm) to you if I wanted to, but I will\nnot. I will let you go for today.\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T09:56:11.947",
"id": "57069",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-05T10:14:02.140",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-05T10:14:02.140",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57068",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
57068
|
57069
|
57069
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "The meaning of よう in this sentence?\n\n> 先生に相談したところ、ぜひ大学院に行く **よう** 勧められた。\n\nI assume that it introduces the advice, but it shouldn't be a particle or\nsomething like that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T15:19:31.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57074",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The meaning of よう in this sentence?",
"view_count": 88
}
|
[
{
"body": "Its an abbreviation of ように. In Chinese characters its 様に. So its a noun. ように\nis like \"in the manner of\". よう/様 is like \"manner\"/\"way\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T15:26:11.753",
"id": "57075",
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57074
| null |
57075
|
{
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"body": "**あなたは頑張りすぎるくらい頑張ったんですよね.** I don't understand exactly the meaning of **くらい**\nin the sentence above. Could someone explain it to me and, maybe, give some\nexamples too?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T16:50:44.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57076",
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the use of くらい in this sentence?",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "Literally, the sentence means You worked to the extent that you worked too\nmuch. くらい is quantifying how much you worked. So it corresponds to the\n\"extent\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-05T17:22:03.803",
"id": "57078",
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57076
| null |
57078
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57088",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Is 「Aのこと読んだ。」a correct sentence? I know that usually「Aについて読んだ。」is the correct\nway of saying \"I read about A\", but I've seen sentences like 「Aのこと考える」and just\nwondering if it's correct to substitute 考える with 読む.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T20:28:00.463",
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"owner_user_id": "28016",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it correct to use のこと with 読む?",
"view_count": 213
}
|
[
{
"body": "In any (even slightly) formal situations, 「～～のこと読{よ}んだ」 would surely be\nconsidered incorrect and rather sloppy. You would want to say:\n\n・「～～について読んだ」 or\n\n・「～～のことについて読んだ」\n\nIn extremely informal colloquial speech, however, one might hear 「～～のこと読んだ」.\nIt would still be \"incorrect\" but it will certainly convey what one wants to\nsay. It is not the kind of usage that I personally would recommend that\nJapanese-learners employ unless they are already on the native-speakers'\nlevel. (But then, if one were already at that level, one would know that the\nphrase in question would only be situationally acceptable.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T23:55:28.667",
"id": "57084",
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{
"body": "Yes, 「Aのこと読んだ。」 is correct, though informal and therefore potentially socially\nincorrect, Japanese, as is「Aのこと考える」.\n\nWhat makes 「Aのこと読んだ。」 and 「Aのこと考える」 informal is the omission of a postposition\nthat shows the relationship between the noun phrase「Aのこと」 and the verbs 「読んだ」\nand 「考える」, and the precepts of Proper Japanese prescribe against such\nlooseness.\n\nIn the case of 「Aのこと読んだ。」 one of the postpostions that can go into the empty\nslot is 「について」, so 「Aのことについて読んだ。」 would be a full and proper version of the\nsentence. (It could be the object marker 「を」 but 「Aのことを読んだ」would sound\nsomewhat less natural.)\n\nAs for 「Aのこと考える」, the missing postposition can be 「について」, or it can be the\nobject marker 「を」 as well. 「Aのことについて考える」 and 「Aのことを考える」 are equally fine and\ntheir meanings are more or less the same.\n\n* * *\n\nIn case you think 「のこと」 is filling a role similar to that of 「について」, it is\nnot.\n\n「の + こと」 is a sequence made up of the genitive particle 「の」 plus the noun\n「こと」, constituting a part of the **noun phrase** 「Aのこと」 (literally 'A's\nthings' or 'things of A'). Or 「の」 can be a particle indicating apposition, in\nwhich case 「Aのこと」 (literally) means 'the thing that is you'. See [What is the\nこと in sentences such as\nあなたのことが好きだ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2102/what-is-\nthe-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8-in-sentences-such-\nas-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A0)\nfor more on the semantics of the latter case of 「Xのこと」.\n\nOn the other hand, 「について」 is a compound postpostion heading the\n**postpostional phrase** 「Aについて」 ('about A').",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T01:20:03.177",
"id": "57088",
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{
"body": "No, 「Aのこと読んだ。」 is not a correct sentence. Just because you cannot read こと in\nJapanese. You can read **about** こと instead though.\n\nCorrect: 「Aのことについて読んだ。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T07:41:48.303",
"id": "57104",
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] |
57079
|
57088
|
57084
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57085",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand an exchange:\n\nA: まともに行ってもここを通り抜けるのはキツイがな\n\nB: 見りゃぁわかるぜ\n\nIn this case person B starts their sentence with a contraction of the\nconditional form of 見る, but I'm not sure why. It's my understanding that the\nverb that precedes the \"ば\" is the \"If [X]\", part, so would this sentence just\nmean \"If I can see that, I understand it\"? The subtitles translate it as just\n\"I can see that\", so I'm just a little confused why the conditional and\n\"wakaruze\" are even needed here.\n\nI appreciate any help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T20:49:10.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57080",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T00:45:40.323",
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"owner_user_id": "28017",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"conditionals",
"dialogue"
],
"title": "Question about this use of the conditional form",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is nothing wrong, incorrect or unnatural about B's comment\n「見{み}りゃぁわかるぜ」. That is just a native speaker speaking Japanese like a native\nspeaker should be.\n\nIt is only the **_literal translation_** \"If I see it, I understand.\" that is\nmaking it look like a strange thing to say.\n\nMy own free translations would be:\n\n\"You can tell by looking at it.\"\n\n\"It only takes one look.\"\n\n\"Tell me about it!\"\n\n\"That's for sure!\"\n\n\"Obviously!\"\n\nIt gets shorter and shorter.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T00:45:40.323",
"id": "57085",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T00:45:40.323",
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"score": 2
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] |
57080
|
57085
|
57085
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57087",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/adverbs>\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/verb_sequences> <-also covers\nadjectives\n\nFollowing Tae Kim's guide, those two forms of 青黒い are\n\n> (adverbial form): 青黒く \n> (continuative/て-form): 青黒くて\n\nIn English, an adverb is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another\nadverb. But in my previous thread, [What conjugation of what word is\nぐろく?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57066/what-conjugation-of-\nwhat-word-is-%E3%81%90%E3%82%8D%E3%81%8F), 「青黒く」 is _also_ referred to as the\n\"continuative form\" meaning \"bluish-black **and** \".\n\nSo now I have to ask, what's the difference between these two forms? If both\nthe adverbial form and the て-form can be continuative... then how can I tell\nif a word is meant to _modify_ an upcoming verb/adjective or just link to it?\n\n_**Example:**_ \n\n> 空は **青ぐろく** 、一面の星が **またたいていました** 。\n>\n> Adjective/Adverb: **青ぐろく** \n> Upcoming Verb: **またたいていました**\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> I would've read that sentence as \"As for the sky, the stars all around were\n> **bluish-blackly** twinkling\", with the adverb modifying the next verb.\n>\n> But it was translated by l'électeur as \"The sky was **bluish-black and** the\n> stars all around were twinkling\", with the adverb **not** modifying the\n> upcoming verb at all, just linking to it.\n\n**Can someone clarify the difference between a \"true adverb\", an adjective's\nadverbial form, and an adjective's て-form?** \nAnd why an adverbial form can be continuative?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T23:39:32.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57082",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form",
"adjectives",
"adverbs",
"adverbial"
],
"title": "What's the difference between an adjective's adverbial form and continuative form?",
"view_count": 3370
}
|
[
{
"body": "## Joining two statements\n\nBroadly speaking, the く ending allows the meaning of the first statement to\nbroadly modify the second, while くて puts an end on the first statement and\nseparates it more from the second statement.\n\nLet's look at the specific sample sentence in [the linked\nthread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57066/what-conjugation-\nof-what-word-is-%E3%81%90%E3%82%8D%E3%81%8F).\n\n> 「空{そら}は青{あお}ぐろく、一面{いちめん}の星{ほし}がまたたいていました。」\n\nHere, we basically have two clauses. Simplifying drastically, we have:\n\n> 「空{そら}は青{あお}ぐろい」\n\n... and:\n\n> 「一面{いちめん}の星{ほし}がまたたいていた」\n\n### Joining with the ~くて conjunctive form\n\nWe could join these two using the conjunctive くて form of the adjective in the\nfirst clause:\n\n> 「空{そら}は青{あお}ぐろ **[く]{●}[て]{●}** 、一面{いちめん}の星{ほし}がまたたいていました。」\n\nThe sense with this kind of joining is that the first statement finishes, and\nthen the second statement comes in. It works well for connecting two\nstatements that don't necessarily have a lot to do with each other. Part A,\n_and then_ Part B. Kinda like:\n\n> \"Here at Channel 7 News, our cameras are new **, and** you'll get traffic\n> info too!\"\n\nLooking again at our sample Japanese sentence and translating to try to give\nthe flavor of this kind of joining:\n\n> 「空{そら}は青{あお}ぐろ **[く]{●}[て]{●}** 、一面{いちめん}の星{ほし}がまたたいていました。」 \n> The sky was blue-black, **and [separately, unrelatedly]** the stars were\n> twinkling all around.\n\nGiven the content of Part A and Part B, this kind of hard break doesn't seem\nto work very well -- the two statements _are_ actually closely related. Which\nbrings us to the く style of joining statements.\n\n### Joining with the ~く adverbial form\n\nWithout the て, as you noted, the adjective is technically in the く adverbial\nform. This can apply conceptually in a way to the following clause,\nessentially describing a quality of what comes next. Instead of Part A, _and\nthen_ Part B, it's more like Part A describes something more about Part B.\nThere is no natural grammatical analogue in English, but to make it more\nexplicit, we might break it down like this:\n\n> 「空{そら}は青{あお}ぐろ **[く]{●}** 、一面{いちめん}の星{ほし}がまたたいていました。」 \n> **With** the sky be **ing** blue-black **ly** , the stars were twinkling\n> all around.\n\nHere, the first part about the color of the sky more clearly leads into the\nsecond part about the stars.\n\nThat's horrible English and not how any native speaker would write it, but I\nhope that shows better how the Japanese fits together.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T01:07:29.240",
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57082
|
57087
|
57087
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{
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"body": "I know that both of them means \"on the contrary\". \nBut I have seen that それどころか can also mean \"as if it's not enough already\", \"\nIn fact/ actually, and \"not to speak of \". \nDoes 逆に have all these other meanings too?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-05T23:43:44.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57083",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T05:36:52.723",
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"owner_user_id": "27965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 逆に and それどころか?",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "逆 literally means \"contrary\" or \"reverse\", so it never means \"in addition\".\nBut 逆に has a broader sense than \"on the contrary\", and it may be translated as\n\"rather\", \"in reverse\", \"adversely\", or \"in reverse order\" depending on the\nsituation.\n\n * [Can \"逆に\" be used to say \"in addition\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57000/5010) (this is your own question)\n * [Understanding what 逆に means in context with an emotion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41839/5010)\n\nTranslating 逆に as \"actually\" is fine when it implies \"contrary to what you may\nexpect\" or \"contrary to what has been asked\". For example, when someone asked\n\"Are you busy recently?\", a possible reply would be:\n\n> * 逆に暇で困っています。 \n> それどころか暇で困っています。 \n> _Actually_ , I have too much spare time.\n> * はい、本当に忙しいです。 \n> Yes, _actually_ I am very busy. (逆/それどころか cannot be used)\n>\n\n* * *\n\n`Xどころか` is used to strongly negate what has been said and tell something more\n\"extreme\". The following \"extreme\" statement can be either something quite\ncontrary to X or simply more extreme than just X. For example, if someone said\n\"Hmm, this car looks expensive.\" at an auto show, a possible reply would be:\n\n> * 高いどころか、たった80万円ですよ。\n> * 高いどころか、1億円ですよ。\n> * 80万円なので、逆に安いですよ。\n>\n\nTL;DR: When something is a severe understatement, you can use それどころか but not\n逆に.",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T03:53:01.133",
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{
"body": "No, 逆に doesn't mean \"as if it's not enough already\" or \"not to speak of.\"\nQuite a few young people these days, however, use 逆に as \"unpredictably\" in\nconversation though. So yes when it comes to youth slang, 逆に could mean \"in\nfact\" or \"actually\" in conversation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T05:15:20.610",
"id": "57096",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-06T05:36:52.723",
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}
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57083
| null |
57093
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57090",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "文章（書き言葉に使う）で自分の考えを陳述する場合に、\n\n例：\n\n```\n\n Aがよくないですから、Bにすると思います。\n Aがよくないです、なお、Bにすると思います。\n \n```\n\nこの二つは同じ意味でしょうか？`なお`は因果関係が表現できますか？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T00:46:01.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57086",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T07:32:46.143",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-06T07:32:46.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "28020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "「なお」は「ですから」という意味を含みますか？",
"view_count": 470
}
|
[
{
"body": "小学館の「国語大辞典」によりますと、「尚{なお}」は「ですから」の意味でなく、むしろ「それに」の意味です。\n\n以下の文章を辞典の定義から引用します。\n\n> 〔接続〕一つの話を終えたあとに、追加して別の話を始めようとするときの、つなぎのことば。それに加えて。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T01:24:32.027",
"id": "57090",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T02:05:19.263",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-06T02:05:19.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "57086",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57086
|
57090
|
57090
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57100",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I checked the dictionary and found out that red is \"aka\"\n\nWhy does [Google\nTranslate](https://translate.google.com/#en/ja/The%20car%20is%20red) turn aka\nto akai?\n\n> Kuruma wa akaidesu\n\n(By the way, why is akai joined with desu?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T06:07:30.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57098",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-06T06:26:36.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Why does \"aka\" become \"akai\" in \"Kuruma wa akai desu\"?",
"view_count": 5143
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well, it's simple. While in English \"red\" is both a noun and an adjective, in\nJapanese the noun is \"aka\", written 赤 the adjective is \"akai\", written 赤い.\n\nThe fact that it's joined is probably just the way google joins romaji, I'm\nnot sure. Also notice that originally there are no spaces in Japanese so\nGoogle probably just tries to make it more readable for people used to western\nlanguages that use spaces between words.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T06:26:36.733",
"id": "57100",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
57098
|
57100
|
57100
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57114",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference in meaning between 脅す, 脅かす, 脅迫する, 脅迫, 脅し?\n\nHow would each one be used in real life?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T08:39:05.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57106",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
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"title": "What is the difference between 脅す, 脅かす, 脅迫する, 脅迫, 脅し",
"view_count": 872
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"body": "脅迫【きょうはく】 is a kango (Sino-Japanese word) whereas 脅す【おどす】/脅かす【おどかす】 is a wago\n(yamato-kotoba, native Japanese word). As always, the kango version looks\nstiff and technical. Specifically in this case, 脅迫 is an official name of a\ncriminal offense (\"intimidation\"). So using 脅迫 for an argument between\nchildren may be over the top.\n\n脅す (transitive verb) only means \"to threat\" or \"to intimidate\". 脅し is a\nnominalized version of 脅す ([masu-stem as a\nnoun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010)). 脅かす (transitive verb)\nworks as a bit colloquial equivalent of 脅す, and it can also mean \"to frighten\"\nor \"to startle\".",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T11:51:06.967",
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"body": "I will explain their differences in three stages, and I'll show their usage at\nthe end.\n\n(1) Origin \nAt first they are divided into two groups: \nGroup 1: 脅す, 脅かす, 脅し \nGroup 2: 脅迫する, 脅迫 \nWords in the first group belong to 大和言葉{やまとことば} or 和語{わご}, which is explained\n[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_kotoba). \nThe essence of the explanation is \" **大和言葉{やまとことば}** literally \"Japanese\nwords\" or **wago** are native Japanese words, meaning those words in Japanese\nthat have been inherited from Old Japanese, rather than being borrowed at some\nstage.\"\n\nWords in the second group belong to Sino-Japanese_vocabulary or **漢語｛かんご｝** ,\nwhich is explained [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-\nJapanese_vocabulary).\n\nThe essence of the explanation is \" **Sino-Japanese vocabulary** or **kango**\nrefers to that portion of the Japanese vocabulary that originated in Chinese\nor has been created from elements borrowed from Chinese.\"\n\nGenerally, Yamato_kotoba or wago has a nuance of being emotional as a feature,\nso it is suitable for use in conversations or everyday expressions. On the\nother hand, kango has a logical nuance so it is suitable for use in official\ntexts/documents, and it is easy to construct compound words together with\nother kango as its general linguistic nature.\n\nCompound words using 脅迫:\n\n * 脅迫罪{きょうはくざい} _criminal intimidation_\n * 脅迫状{きょうはくじょう} _a threatening letter_\n * 脅迫電話{きょうはくでんわ} _a threatening （telephone） call_\n\n(2) Part of class \n脅す and 脅かす are verbs and 脅し is a noun having the same etymology meaning\n\"threat\". \n脅迫する is a verb and 脅迫 is a noun having the same etymology meaning \"threat\".\n\n(３) The difference between 脅す and 脅かす \nThe explanation here is cited from\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/9380/meaning/m0u/). For details,\nplease refer to the original text.\n\n * 脅かす has two pronunciations as 脅｛おど｝かす and 脅{おびや}かす, and they are two different words.\n * 脅{おど}かす and脅{おびや}かす has the same meaning _to frighten others with some means_.\n * 脅{おど}かす is also used in a sentence like \"突然{とつぜん}わっと言｛い｝って脅｛おど｝かす\", meaning to surprise others.\n * 脅{おびや}かすalso has meaning to make something or the other party in an unstable state by being used in a sentence like \"首位{しゅい}の座｛ざ｝を脅｛おびや｝かす _to make the leading position in an unstable state_ \" or \"平和｛へいわ｝を脅｛おびや｝かす _to make the peace unstable_ or _to threaten the peace_ \".\n * (natural) ピストルで人質｛ひとじち｝を脅｛おど｝かす _to threaten the hostage with a pistol_\n * (natural) ピストルで人質を脅｛おど｝す\n * (?) ピストルで人質を脅｛おびや｝す\n * (natural) 大声{おおごえ}で子供｛こども｝を脅｛おど｝かす _to frighten children with a loud voice_ \"\n * (natural) 大声で子供を脅｛おど｝す\n * (unnatural) 大声で子供を脅｛おびや｝かす\n * (natural) 社長｛しゃちょう｝を脅｛おど｝かして金｛かね｝を取る _to threaten the president and deprive him of his money_\n * (natural) 社長を脅｛おど｝して金を取る\n * (unnatural) 社長を脅｛おびや｝かして金を取る\n * (unnatural) 核兵器{かくへいき}で隣国｛りんごく｝を脅｛おど｝かす\n * (unnatural) 核兵器で隣国を脅｛おど｝す\n * (natural) 核兵器で隣国を脅｛おびや｝かす _to threaten neighboring countries with nuclear weapons_\n\n# EDIT\n\nI'll show the difference between 脅{おど}す, 脅｛おど｝かす and 脅｛おびや｝かす in more detail.\n\n脅｛おど｝す means to give threat with concrete things like a knife or a gun that\ncertainly gives threat effectively to the other party at a glance, to give\nthreat with exposing the other party's critical weaknesses or shames, or to\ngive threat with threatening what he/she doesn't want to lose, and the\ncharacteristics of 脅｛おど｝す are direct and static.\n\n脅{おど}かす is akin to 脅｛おど｝す, but the means that is used in 脅{おど}かす is\ninsufficient to give threat to the other party, so additional threatening\nwords or acts are needed, and its characteristics are direct and noisy.\n\nOn the other hand, 脅｛おびや｝かす has somewhat different nuance from 脅{おど}す or\n脅｛おど｝かす, and the target which 脅｛おびや｝かす threatens is different from that 脅{おど}す\nor 脅｛おど｝かす does. \n脅｛おびや｝かす has a nuance or an image in which an enormous threat or fear not\nhaving an obvious appearance gradually invades the target. And, the target\nwhich 脅｛おびや｝かす threatens is not a person but abstract things such as a\nsociety, a nation, a status, peace, happiness and the like.",
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"body": "If I want to say \" I think my grandma wants me to stay over tonight as well.\"\n\nAre any of these ok? 祖母は 今日も 私に泊まって欲しよう。 祖母は 今日も 私に泊まって欲しがる。<-- but i'm not\nsure how I should add \"I think(と思う)\" into this sentence",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T09:21:33.593",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Which one is correct for this sentence 欲しよう or 欲しがる",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
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"body": "Your attempts are incorrect. 欲しよう is ungrammatical in any situation. Please\ncheck the grammar rule of よう in your textbook.\n\nHere are some correct ways to say this:\n\n> 1. 祖母は今日も私に泊まって欲し **そ** うだ。\n> 2. 祖母は今日も私に泊まって欲し **い** ようだ。\n> 3. 祖母は今日も私に泊まって欲しがっている。\n> 4. 祖母は今日も私に泊まって欲しいと思っている。\n>\n\nThese are semantically similar, but Sentences 1 and 2 mean \" _Looks like_\ngrandma wants me to...\" whereas Sentence 3 and 4 directly describe her wish.\n\nSee:\n\n * [Difference between そうです、 ようです and らしいです.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16312/5010)\n * [When to use 欲しがる instead of 欲しい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2524/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "There are of course multiple individual slang expressions where you use Latin\nalphabet and numbers such as ww, W, ggrks, wktk, kwsk, etc. However, is there\nany specific system or argot made just for excluding foreigners or outsiders?",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T09:31:07.867",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Are there trends in Japanese similar to Pig Latin or Martian Chinese?",
"view_count": 1106
}
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[
{
"body": "The closest \"system\" I can think of is ギャル文字\n([Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)),\nwhere こんにちは can be mechanically converted to something like `⊇ωﾚﾆちﾚよ`. You can\nfind online converters on the net. This is to be written/read rather than\nspoken, of course. This scheme caught on around 2003 mainly among high school\ngirls, hence its name.\n\nSome argot/slang words were coined using a common pattern:\n\n * `ggrks`, `kwsk`, etc., mainly used among 2ch/5ch users\n * Slang words from misspelled kanji, [described here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/44255/5010)\n * [逆さ読み or 倒語 words](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%92%E8%AA%9E#%E5%AE%9F%E4%BE%8B) (トーシロ, ザギン, ワイハ, パツキン, ...)",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T10:21:46.700",
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"body": "An interesting slang communication system that's been around since 2009 is\n[Pseudo-Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Chinese)\n([偽中国語]{にせちゅうごくご}), which is basically Japanese sentences stripped of all kana\n(although critical kana content words may be replaced with archaic kanji\nspellings).\n\nThe kanji is in Japanese grammatical order but the text superficially appears\nlike Chinese. For example, to say「あなたは明日どこに行きますか？」, you would write「貴方明日何処行？」.\n\nSuch sentences range from illegible to highly comprehensible for both Chinese\nand Japanese readers, and can be seen as a modern slang take on\n[_hitsudan_](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%AB%87). Rather than\n\"excluding outsiders\", however, for a while it had generated a unique\ncommunity with many enthusiastic Chinese readers also participating.\n\nCommunity efforts have spawned an [OK dictionary and a not-really-functioning\ntranslator](http://nisechina.com/) from Japanese to pseudo-Chinese, a\n[subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/pseudoChinese/) that contains some NSFW\ncontent, among others.\n\n* * *\n\nSee the relevant /r/learnjapanese thread which popped up on 17/02/2020: [偽中国語\n(Nisechūgokugo | Pseudo-Chinese) - The Japanese internet trend that's blurring\nthe lines between Japanese and\nChinese](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/f5204l/%E5%81%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E_nisech%C5%ABgokugo_pseudochinese_the_japanese/)",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T13:26:54.277",
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{
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"body": "Japanese For Busy People volume II, revised third edition, on page 23 has\n\n> To state or ask how much bigger, you use other words. \n> ワンサイズ大きいのはありませんか。 \n> Do you have one that is a size bigger?\n\nHowever, the word (as of today) doesn't exist on forvo.com, on jisho.org\n(either as a word or in its corpora), the English or Japanese editions of\nWiktionary, and on weblio it's only mentioned in sentences.\n\nIs ワンサイズ a valid Japanese word, in that it's easily understood, unambiguous,\nand the most common way of expressing the concept of a difference of one size?\n\nThe only explanation I can think of as to why it's valid but not in\ndictionaries is that it's merely regarded as a combination of the words \"ワン\"\nand \"サイズ\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Is ワンサイズ a valid Japanese word?",
"view_count": 169
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[
{
"body": "Yes it's perfectly valid as a Japanese expression and is understood by\nvirtually everyone (except for very old people). [ALC has several examples of\nワンサイズ](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA).\nAlthough uncommon, you can say ツーサイズ, too. A non-katakana equivalent would be\n一段階.",
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{
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"body": "How do you pronounce words like 「ごめんってば」 or 「日本人っぽい」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T13:35:32.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57116",
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"tags": [
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of words with ん followed by sokuon",
"view_count": 590
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[
{
"body": "When I speak at normal speed...\n\n「～んって」 - I think I pronounce the ん the same way as in 「んて」(ん+/t/).\n\n「～んっぽい」 - I think I pronounce the ん the same way as in 「んぽい」(ん+/p/). (like /m/\n?)\n\n（「か **ん** て **ん** って」って言うときの２つの「ん」は同じような気がします。。。 \n「ア **ン** パ **ン** っぽい」って言うときの２つの「ン」も同じような気がします。。。）\n\nI think I pronounce んって in ごめんって as 「ん sound in ん+/t/ + gemination + て」, and\nんっぽい in 日本人っぽい as 「ん sound in ん+/p/ + gemination + ぽい」(which is like\n\"...jimppoi\").",
"comment_count": 3,
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"body": "You're asking about two archiphonemes:\n\n * The mora nasal phoneme /N/, written `ん` in Japanese orthography\n * The mora obstruent phoneme /Q/, written `っ` in Japanese orthography\n\nThe exact physical pronunciation of these phonemes depends on the phonetic\ncontext, in particular on the following sound. Let's look at /Q/ first:\n\n> 一杯 いっぱい /iQpai/ [ipːːɑi] \n> 一点 いってん /iQteN/ [itːːẽɴː] \n> 一通 いっつう /iQcuH/ [itːːsɯː] \n> 一歳 いっさい /iQsai/ [isːːɑi] \n> 一兆 いっちょう /iQčoH/ [icːːɕoː] \n> 一章 いっしょう /iQšoH/ [iɕːːoː] \n> 一回 いっかい /iQkai/ [ikːːɑi]\n\nThe transcriptions in square brackets are phonetic, showing how the sound is\nphysically produced. In each case, you end up lengthening the following\nconsonant. When you pronounce 一通, for example, the [t] sound begins on the\nsecond mora and continues through to the beginning of the third mora. The [ː]\nsymbol shows this; in IPA, this symbol is used to indicate a lengthened\nconsonant or vowel.\n\nSo when you pronounce /Q/, you aren't simply pausing before you pronounce the\nnext sound. You're actually starting to pronounce the following sound, and\nholding that sound for an entire mora.\n\nLikewise, the way you physically produce the /N/ sound depends on the\nfollowing sound:\n\n> 三アンペア さんアンペア /saNaNpea/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːɑ̃mːpea] \n> 三位 さんい /saNi/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːi] \n> 三有 さんう /saNu/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːɯ] \n> 三円 さんえん /saNeN/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːẽɴː] \n> 三億 さんおく /saNoku/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːokɯ] \n> 三回 さんかい /saNkai/ [sɑ̃ŋːkɑi] \n> 三号 さんごう /saNgoH/ [sɑ̃ŋːgoː] \n> 三兆 さんちょう /saNčoH/ [sɑ̃ɲːcɕoː] \n> 三通 さんつう /saNcu/ [sɑ̃nːtsɯː] \n> 三等 さんとう /saNtoH/ [sɑ̃nːtoː] \n> 三度 さんど /saNdo/ [sɑ̃nːdo] \n> 三歳 さんさい /saNsai/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːsɑi] \n> 三章 さんしょう /saNšoH/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːɕoː] \n> 三時 さんじ /saNǰi/ [sɑ̃ɲːɟʑi] \n> 三千 さんぜん /saNzeN/ [sɑ̃nːzẽɴː] \n> 三人 さんにん /saNniN/ [sɑ̃ɲːːĩɴː] \n> 四杯 よんはい /yoNhai/ [jõɰ̃ːhɑi] \n> 三泊 さんぱく /saNpaku/ [sɑ̃mːpɑkɯ] \n> 四百 よんひゃく /yoNhyaku/ [jõɰ̃ːɕjɑkɯ] \n> 四フィート よんフィート /yoNfiHto/ [jõɰ̃ːɸiːto] \n> 三部 さんぶ /saNbu/ [sɑ̃mːbɯ] \n> 三枚 さんまい /saNmai/ [sɑ̃mːːɑi] \n> 三ヤード さんヤード /saNyaHdo/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːjɑːdo] \n> 三塁 さんるい /saNrui/ [sɑ̃nːrɯi] \n> 三割 さんわり /saNwari/ [sɑ̃ɰ̃ːɰɑɾi]\n\nThis is an example of **assimilation** , where one sound becomes more like\nanother nearby sound. The reason this happens is physical. Your lips, tongue,\nand so on are moving into place to pronounce the next sound, and this affects\nthe preceding sound.\n\nFor example, when you pronounce コンビニ, the /Nb/ sequence becomes [mːb] because\nyour lips close together in preparation for the following /b/ sound. In\ntechnical terms, we can say that /N/ assimilates to the place of articulation\nof the following sound.\n\nUnderstanding that, it should be clear what happens with a /NQ/ sequence:\n\n> ごめんってば /gomeNQteba/ [gõmẽnːtːːebɑ] \n> 日本人っぽい /nihoNǰiNQpoi/ [nihõɲːɟʑĩmːpːːoi]\n\nIn each case, the following sound is a long consonant:\n\n * /Qt/ is [tːː] phonetically, so /NQt/ becomes [nːtːː]. \n * /Qp/ is [pːː] phonetically, so /NQp/ becomes [mːpːː].\n\nPlease note that the rhythm of these sounds is very important! The nasal sound\nis long here because it takes up an entire mora. The following long consonants\nare even longer, because they take up an entire mora, plus the first part of\nthe following mora. That's why they're written with the length markers like\nthat.\n\n* * *\n\nFor more information about Japanese phonetics, I recommend _The Sounds of\nJapanese_ by Timothy J. Vance. This material is covered in Chapter 5 of his\nbook, and the examples in this answer are mostly taken from his book.",
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"accepted_answer_id": "57127",
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"body": "I have trouble understanding what 上 means in this sentence.\n\n> これからの人生を送る **上** でとても豊かな経験ができたことは一生の宝物！\n\nIf I had to interpret これからの人生を送る上で, it means \"within my life from now on\"? and\nis the で particle is used to indicate scope of this person's life?\n\nCan someone explain how 上 works here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-06T14:07:58.383",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "How is 上 used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 408
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[
{
"body": "It's actually not just 上, it's the grammar pattern「Aする上で」. 「Aする上で」means\nsomething like \"When doing A\". So your sentence means something like \"The fact\nthat I have had a very rich experience will be very beneficial (a lifetime\ntreasure?) for my future life!\" Though the lack of context makes this sentence\na bit weird.\n\nHere are some example sentences from yourei.jp :\n\nそのため、英語が苦手だと、実験を **作成するうえで** の自由度が制限される。 Therefore, if you're bad at English,\nthe degree of freedom **in creating experiments (when creating experiments)**\nwill be limited.\n\nこれまた西欧文明を **理解するうえで** 、忘れてはならないことでありましょう。 Again, let's not forget this **when\ntrying to understand** Western European civilization.\n\n基本的に動物福祉を **説明するうえで** 以下の3つの概念が用いられる。 Basically, the following three concepts\nare used to explain **(when explaining)** animal welfare.\n\nもちろん、脳は世界を **認識するうえで** の「ハブ」となる大切な臓器です。 Of course, the brain is an important\norgan that becomes a \"hub\" **in percepting (when percepting)** the world.\n\nAs you can see する上で can also be followed by の if there's a noun after it.",
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57127
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"body": "There are quite a few examples were tsu actually means no. まつ毛・睫毛・睫 matsuge\nactually comes from 目の毛 me no ke (ma is another pronunciation for 目 me) 沖つ宮\nokitsumiya（aslo written 沖津宮, but, as Meikyou tells us, 沖津 stands for 沖つ which\nin turn stands for 沖の) 中つ国 nakatsukuni, Middle-earth (like Tolkien's middle-\nearth)\n\nI'm thinking:\n\n 1. maybe みっつ、よっつ、むっつ、よっつ and so on are just later modifications in the pronunciation of みつ、よつ、むつ、よつ etc., and\n 2. you can find these original pronunciations (みつ、よつ...) only as prefixes (as far as I know, but actually this is not that relevant), e.g. 三つ巴、三ツ星、三つ指、四つ切...\n\n...so what I'm saying is it would make sense if つ (the generic classifier)\nactually meant の like in the words at the beginning of this post, meaning it\nwas a particle with very similar use. That would obviously imply numerals had\nbeen used without a counter-word (but with a particle1), but that's not such a\nsurprise, because there's the same pattern in a few other words, like\n二の腕、一の宮、三の糸、二の丸... Also, looking at the pronounces of numerals, is it possible\ntsu always followed kun'yomi, while no followed on'yomi?\n\n1 I add this because using a numeral without a counter-word and without a\nparticle is even less of a surprise, since, due to lack of counter-words(?),\nyou get expressions like 三次元 or ３説",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T15:55:26.527",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particles",
"etymology",
"counters",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "Did つ (助数詞) actually mean の?",
"view_count": 423
}
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[
{
"body": "## Did つ (助数詞) actually mean の?\n\nNo.\n\n## Did つ (not as a 助数詞) actually mean の?\n\nYes, in some ways, sometimes.\n\n## Breaking things down\n\nJapanese has several different つ elements that can come at the end of things.\n\n### つ〔助動詞〕\n\nIndicates completion of verb action, also known as the **perfective** aspect.\nThis was much more productive in older stages of the language. It persists in\nmodern Japanese as the て conjunctive ending, in certain set construction\npatterns like 行き **[つ]{●}** 戻り **[つ]{●}** , and in the つつ continuative\nending as in 変わり **[つ]{●}** **[つ]{●}** ある.\n\nThe modern past-tense ending た evolved from classical たり, which in turn was a\ncontraction of the 連用形{れんようけい} or continuative form て of this same つ, + あり: て\n+ あり → たり → た.\n\n### つ〔副助詞〕\n\nAffixed to terms describing amounts or portions, and indicating that each\namount or portion is of equal size. Equivalent to, and possibly derived from,\nずつ. That said, ずつ is from older spelling づつ which is listed in some\ndictionaries as a reduplication of the counter つ (see below).\n\n### つ〔接尾／助数詞〕\n\nA counter, suffixed to native-Japanese numbers as a nominalizer (i.e. it forms\nnouns). In modern Japanese, you generally need a の between `[NUMBER]`つ and a\nnoun, but in Old Japanese, this could be immediately followed by a noun.\n\nMy dead-tree copy of Shogakukan's 国語{こくご}大辞典{だいじてん}, [大辞泉{だいじせん} at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%AE%87-456292#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89),\nand [大辞林{だいじりん} at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%80%8B%E3%83%BB%E7%AE%87-324356#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88),\nall list this as the 訓読み for the counter suffix 個 or 箇, more commonly read as\n_ko_ or _ka_.\n\n### つ〔格助詞〕\n\nThis is the one you're thinking of.\n\nDescribed in\n[Daijirin](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A4-570135#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\n(third つ entry down) as:\n\n> 体言または体言に準ずるものに付いて，連体修飾語をつくる。 \n> Attaches to a nominal or a something acting as a nominal, and forms an\n> attributive modifier.\n\nThis is like modern uses of の when one noun, or noun-like term or phrase, is\nused to modify another. 青い車の人 _\"a blue-car person → a person of the blue car\"_\n, 犬飼いの人 _\"a dog-keeping person → a person who is keeping a dog\"_ , etc.\n\nIt's a fine distinction, but it appears that Old Japanese つ in this particle\nusage did not indicate possession (one thing belonging to another): that was\nexpressed by either が or の. According to Shogakukan, the distinction between\nthe two was that が indicated a closer relationship than の.\n\n### Derivations\n\nIf you're interested in the question of **where the heck did this all come\nfrom** , a fellow named Bjarke Frellesvig has been doing some interesting\nresearch into the origins of the Japanese language. If memory serves, he has a\ntheory that the ancient precursor to the Japanese language may have had two\nkinds of copula (like English \"is\" or \"to be\"), one that started with **n**\nand gave rise to the particles に and の and the perfective ending ぬ, and one\nthat started with **t** and gave rise to the particles て and と and the\nperfective ending つ. Many moons ago,\n[snailplane](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/1478/snailplane)\nrecommended Frellesvig's [_A History of the Japanese\nLanguage_](https://books.google.com/books?id=v1FcAgiAC9IC), which I have yet\nto dive into. I suspect this would be a good deep-dive book for the Japanese\nlearner who is also a hardcore word nerd.\n\n### Addendum\n\nThe final つ in みっつ is the noun-forming counter. According to Shogakukan, the\nmodern 促音{そくおん} (geminate) readings like みっつ、よっつ are just sound shifts from\nearlier みつ、よつ, and are not evidence of みつ + つ.\n\nWe know that these number words are nouns as they can be followed by particles\nsuch as は and に and を, in constructions that require nouns or noun phrases.\nThis holds true even back to the _Man'yōshū_ , where we can find instances of\nひとつ immediately followed by these particles.\n\nNotably, Japanese does not always require a の between one noun and another,\nwhen the first noun is modifying the second one. In the modern language, there\nare examples of this all over the place -- but these are more commonly thought\nof as compounds, words like 日本猿{にほんざる} (Japanese macaque) or 雲形{くもがた} (cloud\nshape) or 兎小屋{うさぎごや} (rabbit hutch). Similarly, 七{なな}つ (seven, the seventh of\nsomething) + 時{とき} (hour) = 七{なな}つ時{どき} (the seventh hour in the old\ntimekeeping system).",
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"body": "In a comic book I am reading, Inuyasha – 1st book – I found this sentence:\n\n> 面倒だ、この体。 […]玉ごとを食ろうてやる。\n\nThe monster saying this is about to attack two other people that are in\npossession of the bead. One of them is a lively normal human, the second one\nhas been dormant and considered virtually dead for a long time.\n\nAs I understand it, the monster wants to devour the two along with the bead,\nthat will give it some power. What is puzzling me is the use of 体. Even though\ntechnically speaking every person has a body, I am not sure that I can use it\nthis way to refer to a living person.\n\nMy guesses are:\n\n * The monster considered the people unworthy of being referred to as living beings. In its eyes they are merely containers for the jewel.\n * The word 体 can be in some cases used for a living being and not only for corpses.\n * The monster is referring to the person that was almost dead for a long time. This seems unprobable to me, as the one holding the bead is the other person and the monster knows it.\n\nAnd of course I may be completely wrong with all of these. This I’d like to\nask, what can the 体 actually mean here?\n\n**Update:**\n\nThe power of the aforementioned jewel will help the monster throw away its\npartially human body, effectively replacing it with a completely monster-like\none. In the panel, where it says the provided sentence, its face starts to\nslightly shift to the non-human form already. This might hint that この体 refers\nto the body of the monster itself, being a nuisance since it’s less powerful\nwithout the bead.\n\nWhat is still puzzling me though is the usage of 〜ごと. As I understand it, this\nsuffix makes the jewel only a part of some bigger lump of things to be\ndevoured. Maybe the monster is referring to the humans: “I’ll eat them along\nwith the jewel.”, but it’s not stated explicitly and this information is\nconveyed by the 〜ごと itself?\n\n**Another update:**\n\nUploading the panel with the described scene and sentence and some more panels\nfor the context. I skipped the unrelated panels and panels with other scenes,\nsince the situation is scattered through a few pages.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/L4zWj.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t9f4z.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7FZVa.jpg)",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-06T18:11:24.727",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "体 as a pejorative for “person”",
"view_count": 412
}
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[
{
"body": "体【からだ】 (\"body\") can refer to the body of a person/animal regardless of whether\nit's alive or dead. It's not derogatory at all, and you can safely say 風呂で体を洗え\n(\"Wash your body in the bathroom\"), 体を鍛える (\"to exercise one's body\"), 体を大事にしてね\n(\"Take care of yourself\") and so on. The body of a dead person (corpse) is\noften specifically called 死体.\n\nAnyway, I feel the situation is close to your first bullet. The monster is\nonly interested in the jewel and the \"annoying coating\" that covers it.\nWhether the person is alive or not is probably not very important to the\nmonster.\n\nIn real life, of course 面倒な人 (\"troublesome/bothersome person\") is used more\noften. In this context, however, what is bothersome to the monster is the body\n(skin, bone, muscle, etc) itself, not their personality.",
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"body": "I think I’ve figured it out eventually, thanks to the comments by @BenRoffey\nand @naruto.\n\nAs I mentioned in the update to the question, the speaker (a monster) is not\nsatisfied with its still rather too anthropomorphic body. The jewel would help\nit to get rid of the body as a part of becoming stronger and more full-fledged\nmonster-like. Devouring the people possessing the jewel (the listeners) is a\nviable option to get it and obviously the gem is of a bigger importance to the\nvillain that caring about the bearers.\n\nThe actual meaning would thus be:\n\n> I am tired of this body. I am going to eat you along with the […] jewel.\n\nThe この体, just as the この tells, refers to the speaker’s own body and not to the\nlisteners’. The ごと is what implies eating not only the jewel, but the people\nholding it as well.\n\nThanks guys for helping me figure this out!",
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"body": "How do i say the following (sorry I don't know how to get hiragana on a\ncomputer im just going to use romaji)\n\nKen-san read 100 pages of a book. \nKen-san read a 100 page book (a book that has 100 pages). \nKen-san read a 100 books (100 individiual books).\n\nI'm thinking that it'll go something like Kensan wa hon no hyaku peeji o\nyomimasu for the first one, with the second one being ken-san wa hyaku peeji\nno hon o yomimasu, and the third is just kensan wa hyakusatsu (?) hon o\nyomimasu",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-07T00:47:55.037",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "DIfferences when using counters",
"view_count": 146
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"body": "The first one, \"hon no hyaku peeji o yomimasu\", means \"read page 100 of the\nbook\". \"Read 100 pages of a book\" is \"hon o hyaku peeji yomimasu/hyaku peeji\nhon o yomimasu\" (counters with no particle can either precede or follow nouns,\nand it's generally more natural for the counter to follow than to precede.)\n\nThe others are correct. Hyakusatsu doesn't need a particle in this case.",
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"body": "First of all, you are talking about the sentences in the past tense, so you\nhave to say _yomima **shita**_ instead of _yomima **su**_.\n\n> (1) \n> (1E) Ken-san read 100 pages of the book. \n> (1J) Kensan wa hon no hyaku peeji o yomimashita.\n\nAnswer for (1):\n\n * (1J-1) ケンさんは本{ほん}の100ページを読｛よ｝みました。\n * (1J-2) ケンさんは本{ほん}の100ページ目｛め｝を読｛よ｝みました。\n * (1E-2) _Ken-san read the 100th page of the book._\n * (1J-3) ケンさんは本{ほん}を100ページ読｛よ｝みました。\n * (1J-4) ケンさんは **その** 本{ほん}を100ページ読｛よ｝みました。\n\n(1J) could be written as (1J-1) with _hiragana_ s and _kanji_ s. \n(1J) is not correct because it sounds like (1J-2) or (1E-2). The correct\nsentence in Japanese for (1E) is like (1J-3). As \" **the** book\" is used in\n(1E), (1J-4) is better than (1J-3).\n\n> (2) \n> (2E) Ken-san read a 100 page book. \n> (2J) ken-san wa hyaku peeji no hon o yomimashita.\n\nAnswer for (2):\n\n * (2J-1) ケンさんは100ページの本{ほん}を読｛よ｝みました。\n\n(2J) could be written as (2J-1) with _hiragana_ s and _kanji_ s. \n(2J) is correct.\n\n> (3) \n> (3E) Ken-san read a 100 books. \n> (3J) kensan wa hyakusatsu hon o yomimashita.\n\nAnswer for (3):\n\n * (3J-1) ケンさんは100冊｛さつ｝本を読｛よ｝みました。\n * (3J-2) ケンさんは本{ほん}を100冊｛さつ｝読｛よ｝みました。\n\n(3J) could be written as (3J-1) with _hiragana_ s and _kanji_ s. \n(3J) is correct. By the way, I usually say like (3J-2) for (3E).\n\n# BONUS for advanced learners\n\n> (bonus-e) Ken-san reads a 100 page book. \n> (bonus-j1) ken-san wa hyaku peeji no hon o yomimasu. \n> (bonus-j2) ケンさんは100ページの本{ほん}を読｛よ｝みます。\n\n(bonus-j1) and (bonus-j2) are sentences in the present tense of ones written\nin (2).\n\nThey have different meanings from (bonus-e) as follows.\n\n * (bonus-j3) ケンさんは毎日｛まいにち｝100ページの本｛ほん｝を読｛よ｝みます。 _It is Ken-san's custom to read a hundred page book everyday._ or _Ken-san reads a hundred page book everyday._\n * (bonus-j4) ケンさんはこれから100ページの本｛ほん｝を読｛よ｝もうとしています。 _Ken-san is going to read a hundred page book._\n * (bonus-j5) ケンさんは100ページの本｛ほん｝を好｛この｝んで読｛よ｝みます。 _Ken-san prefers to read a hundred page book._ or _Ken-san reads only a hundred page book._\n\nThe interpretation of (bonus-J5) may sound strange, but syntactically, it is\nthe same as \"ケンさんは探偵小説｛たんていしょうせつ｝を読｛よ｝みます。 _Ken-san prefers to read detective\nstories_ \" or \"ケンさんは旅行雑誌{りょこうざっし}を読｛よ｝みます。 _Ken-san prefers to read travel\nmagazines_ \", so it is not strange.",
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"body": "In the praise and worship song\n[here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zI2GcNhvovg&list=RDzI2GcNhvovg), there\nis the following setence:\n\n> たとえ何が起ころうと私は主を信頼する\n\nTo me, this looks a lot like, \"Whatever should happen, I will trust in the\nLord.\" But the volitional + と construction here, 起ころうと, is a little hard to\nget the exact meaning of. I did check the answer on [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9688/1771), but am still having\na slightly difficult time seeing why 起ころう was used, not 起こる or 起こるだろう.\n\nIt is also slightly difficult to tell for sure whether the construction\ninvolves the 信頼する phrase at the end, although the subject of the first is\ndifferent from the topic of the second.\n\nWhat is the exact meaning here? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-07T02:48:00.563",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "How is the volitional + と pair being used in the sentence \"たとえ何が起ころうと私は主を信頼する\"?",
"view_count": 320
}
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[
{
"body": "The と construct also has a meaning of cause and effect, but it can also mean\nthat despite something (in the part before と) happening then the consequence\n(the part after) will/could happen as if it were already a given or a matter\nof fact.\n\n> その角を右に曲がると教会が見えてくる。 If you turn right at the corner, you'll see the church.\n\nTo be specific in your case,\n\n> 誰に何言われようと俺の生き方を変えるつもりはない。 No matter what anybody says I won't change my way\n> of life.",
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] |
57129
| null |
57130
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57136",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> 日本中に、世界中にこれからずっと大切にしていきたい仲間ができたことに感謝！\n\nThis is my translation (not confident of it's accuracy):\n\n\"I am grateful that I was able to make companions that I want to cherish\nforever from now on, in Japan and the world.\"\n\nThe context is someone returning to Japan from overseas exchange.\n\n* * *\n\nI have several questions regarding the gramar of the sentence:\n\n 1. Is the に particle in 日本中に、世界中に used to indicate the person's friends in Japan and in the world?\n\n 2. Does これからずっと mean \"from now on I will do continuously\" and, in this case does it mean \"forever\"?\n\n 3. With this part: 大切にしていきたい,\n\nwhy the していきたい part conjugated as しる + くる. How would it be different if it is\njust したい without くる to make 大切にしたい?\n\n 4. Is this whole clause これからずっと大切にしていきたい describing the person's 仲間? And can be translated as \"From now on I want to cherish my 仲間 forever.\"\n\n 5. I am most confused with how できたこと is used. I interpreted it as \"was able to do\" in the translation but I don't understand how it connects with the rest of the sentence in this case.\n\nI would appreciate a more literal translation of the sentence that can help me\nunderstand the grammar.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-07T11:12:56.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57135",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-07T11:34:57.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "Can someone explain the grammar of this sentence?",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation looks good. To address your specific questions:\n\n 1. Yes, that's correct. Note that ○○中に indicates \"throughout\", not just \"in\", so it's more like \"friends all around Japan and the world\".\n 2. Yes, ずっと generally indicates \"forever\" and this is no exception.\n 3. I'm not sure where you got しる + くる from. The verbs that are combined to form していきたい are する and 行く. Specifically, it's the common ～ていく construction meaning \"to do something from now on/going forward\". Since this nuance is already stated in これから, the meaning wouldn't really change much if you used just したい instead, but していきたい feels more natural.\n 4. Yes, that whole phrase is a relative clause modifying 仲間, and your interpretation seems on the mark.\n 5. One of the meanings of できる (arguably the core meaning, though certainly not the most common) is \"to be made/completed\", as in for instance スーパーの隣に新しいビルができた \"A new building has been built next to the supermarket\". This sense of できる is perhaps more familiar in the compound verb できあがる, which _only_ has this meaning of \"to be completed\". One very common use of this sense of できる is in forming relationships, so you can say 新しい友達ができる \"to make a new friend\", 彼女ができた \"I got a girlfriend\", etc. 仲間 of course works in the same way, so 仲間ができた here is \"made new friends/companions\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-07T11:34:57.293",
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] |
57135
|
57136
|
57136
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57138",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having some problems with a few pieces of a script I'm reading. These are\nthe following phrases:\n\n\"こうであってほしいっていう願望は別でもいいでしょう？\" : context for this one is that someone was asked\nwhat they thought about a certain topic. I would interpret it as \"Wishing for\nthings to be like this doesn't really matter, right?\", but I'm not really\nsure.\n\nand\n\n\"慣れない嘘つくくらい特別な着信があったってことなのか\" : context for this is one of the guys is being\nteased for telling an obvious lie about recieving a message from someone. But\nI can't really decide how to interpret this, something along the lines of\n\"Telling such an obvious lie when you have a special ringtone for it\".\n\nEDIT: Adding context for the last phrase, since it's not clear just by looking\nat it: A group of friends gather together and only one of them recieves a text\nfrom a mutual friend of the group, so the other ones start teasing him about\nit.\n\nLastly, what would be an acceptable translation for \"実際としても\" or 実際する in\ngeneral.\n\nThanks in advance to anyone taking their time to review this.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-07T13:49:25.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57137",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-07T15:29:54.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "28043",
"owner_user_id": "28043",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Could someone clarify the meaning of these sentences?",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "> こうであってほしいっていう願望は別でもいいでしょう？\n\nYou've missed the meaning of 別 (\"different\", \"another\") here. 願望は別でもいいでしょう\nmeans \"A wish can be different (from something), right?\" or \"It's okay to have\nanother wish, isn't it?\" こうであってほしいっていう modifies 願望. More context is needed,\nbut I guess the speaker is saying that you can at least wish whatever you want\n(although understanding the reality is also important).\n\n**別に** いいでしょう would mean \"It doesn't really matter, does it?\"\n\n> 慣れない嘘つくくらい特別な着信があったってことなのか\n\nYou've missed the `AくらいB` construction, which means \"B to the extent that A\",\n\"B to the point where A\", \"so B that A\", \"such B that A\". So\n慣れない嘘つくくらい特別な着信があった means \"there was such a special phone call that you had to\ntell an awkward lie\".\n\n * [The difference between くらい and ほど in hyperbole](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2392/5010)\n * [Postpositional or prepositional くらい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29453/5010)\n * [Learn JLPT N3 Grammar: くらい (kurai)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%84-kurai/)\n\n> 実際 **と** しても\n\n実際としても usually means \"practically speaking\" or \"(also) in a practical\nperspective\". 実際する makes no sense because 実際 is not a suru-verb.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-07T15:15:34.187",
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57137
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57138
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57138
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57140",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been using と as a way of using 'and' to list things together.\n\nIn the instance of joining two self contained sentences together would this be\nwhere で is used to mean 'and' or would と still be used? I only recently\ndiscovered で can be used to mean 'and' and I'm confused on when it's used over\nと.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-07T15:48:47.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57139",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-07T23:29:13.950",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "When to use で vs と to mean 'and'?",
"view_count": 1405
}
|
[
{
"body": "As a general rule, と is only used for listing nouns - whether they be concrete\nobjects like 砂糖とミルクと小麦粉 \"sugar and milk and flour\", abstract concepts like\n愛と勇気 \"love and courage\", or entire nominalised ideas like\n彼と一緒にいられないことと、私自身の心の弱さ \"not being able to be with him, and my own inner\nweakness\".\n\nFor joining full clauses or sentences, と doesn't usually work (unless you turn\none of those clauses into a noun in some way, such as using the expression それと\n\"in addition...\", where それ is a pronoun representing the previous statement).\n\nFor joining clauses, there are a number of strategies, including the で you're\nreferring to, which is the て-form of the copula だ. More generally, the て-form\nof any verb can be used to link two clauses, as can the ます-stem.\n\nSo for instance the two sentences\n\n> それは犬だ。これは猫だ。 \n> That is a dog. This is a cat.\n\ncan be linked together by turning だ into its て-form で:\n\n> それは犬で、これは猫だ。 \n> That is a dog and this is a cat.\n\nUsing と here would not work (それは犬だとこれは猫だ actually has a completely different\nmeaning \"If that is a dog, then this is a cat\", because the separate\nconditional particle と _can_ be used to link clauses in this way).\n\nSimilarly the two sentences\n\n> 私は公園に行く。友達に会う。 \n> I go to the park. I meet my friend.\n\ncan be linked together either by turning 行く into its て-form 行って:\n\n> 私は公園に行って友達に会う。 \n> I go to the park and meet my friend.\n\nor by instead using its ます-stem 行き:\n\n> 私は公園に行き、友達に会う。 \n> I go to the park and meet my friend.\n\nIf in doubt which to use, the て-form is usually the safer option; it's pretty\nneutral and appropriate for most registers, whereas the ます-stem sounds more\nacademic, formal or literary, and so can seem oddly stilted in many contexts.\n\nNote that both of these forms, particularly the て-form, tend to imply a\nsequential relationship if one can apply, so just as in English, the sentences\nabove strongly suggest that you went to the park and _then_ met your friend\n(though the equivalent sentence about the dog and cat implies no temporal\nrelationship since it would make no sense).\n\nThere are of course various other ways of linking two full clauses, such as\nusing one of a variety of conjunctions, or using a relative clause to describe\na noun, but the て-form and ます-stem are the most basic form that would\ngenerally equate to the use of \"and\" in English.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-07T16:24:32.160",
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57139
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57140
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57140
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I encountered the sentence:\n\n> 両親が私にはがきを送ってくれた。\n\nI understand that: 送って translates to a verb meaning \"to send\", or I assume in\nthis case \"sending\" due to the \"te-form\" being used.\n\nI also understand that: くれた translates to a verb meaning \"to give (to be\ngiven)\"\n\nSo a literal translation of 両親が私にはがきを送ってくれた would mean:\n\n> My parents, to me, a postcard, Sending and given.\n\nor..\n\n> My parents sent and gave me a postcard.\n\nSo I don't quite understand why you must say \"they sent and gave me a\npostcard\" instead of just \"they sent me a postcard\". For example\n\n> 両親が私にはがきを送った。\n\nIs there a grammatical/logical explanation for this? Or is this simply just\nhow it's done for no reason?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-07T17:01:46.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57141",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-07T20:35:24.790",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-07T20:35:24.790",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "送ってくれた : Why is both \"sending\" and \"giving\" being used together here?",
"view_count": 300
}
|
[
{
"body": "There's a reason. あげる、くれる、and もらう are used not only to mean \"give\" and\n\"receive,\" but also as auxiliary verbs meaning \"to do something for someone's\nbenefit\" （あげる）and \"to have something done for your benefit\" (くれる and もらう).\nWhen used in this sense, these verbs always attach to the て form of a verb.\n\n[Here's more information on てくれる\nspecifically](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-te-kureru/).\n\nSo the sentence you offered means \"My parents (did me the favor of) sending me\na postcard.\" This simply isn't marked in English in the same way, but if you\nleave out the くれる in Japanese, it sounds unnatural, like you're making a\nflatly declarative report.\n\nNatural use of these helping verbs in Japanese takes a _long_ time to master\nfor Japanese learners. Enjoy the journey.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-07T17:23:56.997",
"id": "57142",
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"score": 5
}
] |
57141
| null |
57142
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57149",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A statement by North Korea:\n\n> 話し合いの結果、韓国と意見が合って満足できた。 \n> The result of the discussions was that we agree with the views of South\n> Korea and _are satisfied_.\n\nI understand 満足する to mean 'to be satisfied', but I'm struggling to understand\nhow it works in the potential form, especially in this sentence.\n\nI'm also not really sure what particle to use with 満足する nor how best to\nconjugate it. If I want to say \"I am satisfied with this\" would it be\n\n> それ **で** 満足している。 \n> それ **に** 満足している。\n\nAre they both correct? Do they have different meanings? Why would I use the\npotential form?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-07T22:44:22.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57144",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T12:33:59.477",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-で",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "How to use 満足する",
"view_count": 287
}
|
[
{
"body": "> (1-1) 話し合いの結果、韓国と意見が合って満足できた。 \n> (1-2) 話し合いの結果、韓国と意見が合って **我々（＝北朝鮮）は** 満足できた。\n\nSince there is no subject in (1-1) it will become a sentence like (1-2) if I\nsupplement the subject by judging from the context.\n\n> (1-3) 話し合いの結果、韓国と意見が合って我々（＝北朝鮮）は **満足することができた** 。\n\n(1-2) could be written as (1-3) with keeping the meaning of (1-2).\n\n満足することができた is natural and we sometimes use 満足できた instead of 満足することができた.\n\n> (2-a) それ **で** 満足している。 \n> (2-b) それ **に** 満足している。\n\nIf we are still talking about the first example, \"それ\" means \"合意したこと\". \nThen (2-a) and (2-b) become (3-a) and (3-b) respectively.\n\n> (3-a) 合意したこと **で** 満足している。 _We are satisfied **because** we agreed._ \n> (3-b) 合意したこと **に** 満足している。 _We are satisfied **with** our agreement._\n\nI think you could understand the functional difference between で and に in\n(2-a) and (2-b).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-08T00:25:11.190",
"id": "57148",
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},
{
"body": "As far as grammar goes, the sentence _literally_ means:\n\n> As the result of the discussion, we agreed with (the views of) South Korea,\n> and we could be satisfied / we were able to be satisfied.\n\n> Why would I use the potential form?\n\n話し合いの結果、韓国と意見が合って満足 **できた** 。 \n話し合いの結果、韓国と意見が合って満足 **した** 。\n\nBoth are grammatically okay, 満足できた and 満足した both often translate to \"we were\nsatisfied/happy\", but I think the former would be preferred in this case since\nit can have a nuance of \"the result was satisfying\", not just stating the fact\nthat you were satisfied, but that the result was good enough to satisfy you.\n\n> If I want to say \"I am satisfied with this\" would it be \n> それ **で** 満足している。 \n> それ **に** 満足している。 \n> Are they both correct?\n\nI think both are correct. I think I'd use the former to say I'm satisfied with\na situation (like \"I'm satisfied, with the situation being that\"), and the\nlatter to talk about something more concrete/tangible. I also think that ～\n**に** 満足する sounds like you're fully happy with something, while ～ **で** 満足する\nmight sound like \"I (will) settle for that\" with a slight nuance of\ncompromise.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-08T00:37:43.427",
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57144
|
57149
|
57149
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57151",
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"body": "This is probably an easy question, but I can't find a clear satisfying answer\nto it after looking it up so I figured I'd ask here.\n\n> 自分がどんな人であるか **を** 知ってもらいたい\n\n１) Why can を act on a particle? I understand のか, なんか as they are compound\nwords which can be treated as nouns, i.e direct objects by を (or so I\nbelieve), but why here?\n\nIs it simply omitting the の because it's obvious (のかを)→(かを), and if not what's\nthe difference between のか and か in that sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-07T23:43:07.107",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "を after particle (であるかを)",
"view_count": 289
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「自分{じぶん}がどんな人{ひと}であるか **を** 知{し}ってもらいたい。」 (\"I want you/them/people, etc. to\n> know what kind of person I am.\")\n\nThis is a completely grammatical and natural-sounding sentence, including the\nuse of 「を」.\n\n> Why can を act on a particle? I understand のか, なんか as they are compound words\n> which can be treated as nouns, i.e direct objects by を (or so I believe),\n> but why here?\n\nThe 「を」 does not act only on the particle 「か」 here. It is acting on the whole\npreceding phrase 「自分がどんな人であるか」, which is a **_noun phrase_**. 「noun phrase + を\n+ 知る」 is perfectly correct. It does not have to be a simple single-word noun\nthat immediately precededs the 「を」.\n\n「どんな人である **か** 」 means virtually the same thing as 「どんな人である **のか** 」 and\n**_both are noun phrases_**.\n\n> Is it simply omitting the の because it's obvious (のかを)→(かを), and if not\n> what's the difference between のか and か in that sentence?\n\nI would not say it is omitting the 「の」 because it is already \"complete\"\nwithout it. This 「の」, if used, helps emphasize the statement. It would be, in\na way, analogous to the difference between \"what kind of person I am\" and\n\"what kind of person I _really_ am\".",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-08T00:48:58.043",
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57145
|
57151
|
57151
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57152",
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"body": "In a manga, a girl is thinking about the boxing career of his boyfriend, who\nhas recently won a match against a well-known boxer:\n\n> 何となく思うんだけど、今のリクはボクシングに[真]{ま}っすぐ[向]{む}き[合]{あ}わなくちゃいけない気がするの…\n\nI think the general meaning of the sentence is roughly that things will now\nget serious for him in boxing, but what is the exact meaning? I know 向き合う\nmeans \"to face\", especially with negative situation, but how should I\ninterpret 真っすぐ here? Is it similar to \"まじめに\"? My (non-literal) attempt:\n\n> I don't know why, but I have the feeling that Riku will have to commit\n> himself more seriously to boxing...\n\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T00:09:47.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"manga",
"adverbs",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of 真っ直ぐ向き合う",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say that your understanding looks good. 「真{ま}っすぐ」 , in this context,\nwould mean **_\"seriously\", \"wholeheartedly\", \"with determination\"_** , etc.\n\nThe girl is saying, in essence, that the boy should now really take the bull\nby the horns regarding boxing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T01:06:49.120",
"id": "57152",
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"score": 3
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{
"body": "Literally, \n向き合う means _to face with each other_. \n真っ直ぐ means _(perfectly) straight_.\n\nAs for our behavior, 向く or 向ける is to point the face or the front of the body\nin one direction. \n向き合う means the situation where both your behavior of 向く or 向ける and the state\nin which the opponent in that direction faces you occurs at the same time. \nUsually the opponent is a person, but it could be a target you're aiming at or\nyou want achieve. In the sentence given by the questioner, the opponent is\n\"boxing\" itself. \nWhen the opponent is not a person, the target never faces you, but we use this\nexpression anthropomorphically.\n\nIn general, it is scary to look at the eyes of the opponent, so we tend to\nlook away from the opponent. \"真っ直ぐ\" in \"真っ直ぐ向き合う\" means to look at the\nopponent's eyes straight. Therefore, the interpretation with \"まじめに _seriously_\n\" for \"真っ直ぐ\" is correct.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T01:35:58.757",
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57146
|
57152
|
57152
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57157",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When considering these sentences\n\n> 1. 食べる前に宿題をする。\n> 2. 食べるより先に宿題をする。\n>\n\nThey both mean I will do my homework before I eat.\n\nIf I had to guess, the nuance would be for 先に means \"I will do homework ahead\nof eating\" and 前に focuses more doing the action of eating before doing the\nhomework. But I'm not so sure about my interpretation.\n\nCan someone explain the difference and in which particular contexts they can\nonly be used with some examples?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T00:13:04.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57147",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 前に and 先に when expressing order of events?",
"view_count": 1685
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 食べる **前に** 宿題をする。 \n> 食べるより **先に** 宿題をする。\n\nYou're right that they both mean \"(I will) do my homework before I eat\", both\n前に and (より)先に can mean \"before\" or \"earlier\" and these can be used\ninterchangeably in most situations where you describe one action occurring\nbefore another.\n\nThe only difference that I can see in your specific examples is... 先に can have\na nuance of _order of priority/precedence_ (優先順位), so I think 食べるより **先に**\n宿題をする can have a slight nuance that 宿題 has priority/precedence over 食べる, is\nmore important and should be done earlier than 食べる, whereas 食べる **前に** 宿題をする\njust neutrally means \"to do homework before eating\".\n\nAnd ～する前に can often mean \"right before\".\n\n* * *\n\nA few examples using 前に or 先に (when used in the sense \"before/earlier\"):\n\n> お **先に** どうぞ。（× 前に） After you. \n> **先に** 行くよ。（× 前に） I (will) go/leave first. \n> 何よりも **先に** First of all / before anything else \n> お **先に** 失礼します。（× 前に） I'm going home (before you). → Good-bye. (at the\n> office etc.) \n> ３月３日より **前に** 返事をください。 Give your answer before March 3. \n> (～より先に返事を下さい might sound like you want the answer after March 3.) \n> 彼より **先に** 着く / 彼の **前に** 着く / 彼より **早く** 着く arrive before/earlier than him \n> (前に can mean \"right before\".)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T04:02:09.137",
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57147
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57157
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57157
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57155",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm seeking help translating a phrase that appears in a video game, which\nseems to be a pop culture reference. My research on this implies it may\noriginate from Oishinbo, but I was unable to confirm this. The line appears in\nan old Famicom game about a SWAT team liberating hostages from terrorists. The\nparticular line is as follows:\n\nまったりとして それでいて\n\nしつこさがなく・・・うーん\n\nいいしごとを している\n\nThe phrase itself appears to have a meme-like quality, as seen from these\nimages.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7pNry.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/REWgT.jpg)\n\nYour input appreciated!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T01:18:59.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57153",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-09T22:15:42.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "28049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "まったりとしてそれでいてしつこさがなく Pop culture phrase",
"view_count": 358
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging intuitively, it seems that the phrase on the shirt is designed only\nfor jeu de mots or without knowing much meaning.\n\n\"まったり\" is a word expressing a certain kind of taste or flavor in the Kansai\ndialect. It is a word close to \"コクがある\", but not exactly the same, which is a\ncompliment for the taste. According to the dictionary \"コクがある\" is defined as\n\"rich in flavor\".\n\n\"しつこい\" means \"persistent\" and when it is used for the taste or flavor it means\n\"too heavy or too rich in flavor\", so \"しつこくない\" means literally \"it isn't too\nheavy in flavor\" or \"it isn't too rich in flavor\".\n\nThe taste or flavor which is \"まったりしている\" and also \"しつこくない\" sounds\ncontradictory. So I judged that the designer doesn't know much about the\nmeaning of words or he/she is only playing a word game.\n\n# EDIT\n\n多くのコメントへの返答として、\n\nコメントありがとうございます。\n\n> まったりとしていて、それでいてしつこさがない。\n\nまったりしているけれどまったりさが持っているあの「ねとっ」としたあるいは「もちっ」とした若干重みのある感じがない。 深くて、濃くて、そして軽い。\n漫画の作者が究極の美味しい味の一つとして考えだした自慢の表現だと思います。 \nそんな味は出せないからこそ、値打ちのある表現であり、値打ちのある味なのだと思います。あくまでも架空の話として。また、あくまでも食べ物の味として。 \n改めてインターネットで調べますとチョコレートやチーズでこの表現が打ってつけの味が出せているものがあるようですので、漫画上の架空の話というのは言い過ぎです。\n\ngoldbrickさんのコメントにある \n「まったりしている」と「しつこくない」の（表面上の）相反は「それでいて」によって明確に言及されています。これはこの文句の創作者がそれぞれの言葉の意味を知っていると示唆するものです。 \nは、そのとおりだと私も思います。 むしろ、それぞれの意味を完全に知って使ったと思います。\n\nいつの間にか「まったり」が若い人の間で本来の関西弁である「まったり」が持っていたものと違う意味で使われはじめ、ネットの勢いで一気に広まり、その土壌の上で、漫画で使われたセリフそのものがシャツやバッグのデザインで流用され、広まり、更に質問者が紹介したゲームでも使われているというのが実情なのでしょう。 \nここでは、最初にこの表現を考えた漫画の作者の意図とは無関係に言葉が一人歩きしています。\n\n実情を見ますと、まさに質問者がmeme-likeという言葉で表現している通りです。\n\n言葉は生き物ですので使われるうちに最初の持っている意味と違ってもかまいません。 \nしかし、meme-\nlikeに使われているからといって、本来の意味から考えると座りの悪い使われ方を見て、変だなと思うのは思わない人より健康であると思うのですがどうですか。 \n作者自身、「まったり」だが「しつこくない」という連結は同居しにくい（座りが悪い）かもしれないと思ったからこそ、そして、座り悪さを承知の上で思い切って使ったからこそ、その後のシャツのデザイン等へも流用したくなるような見事な表現として評価されmeme-\nlikeに拡散していったのだと思います。\nもとの意味（漫画の作者が編み出した時に本当はあり得ない組み合わせの表現だとご本人が思っていただろうと言う意味）を知った上で、味の表現とは別のところで使っているなら（ほんのジョークとして言葉遊びをしているので）いざ知らず、知っていないならその人を「言葉を知らずに使っている」と言っても問題なしだと思います。\n\n私の答えの最初に記述した、シャツの上の文言を見ての直感的理解: \n\"Judging intuitively, it seems that the phrase on the shirt is designed only\nfor jeu de mots or without knowing much meaning.\" \nはこのような感想を素直に記したものです。",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T02:17:42.393",
"id": "57155",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "Yes 「まったりとしていて、それでいてしつこくない」 is a famous phrase usually used to (jokingly)\ndescribe the taste of a dish. Actually, this is so famous that people would\nuse it without even understanding the origin. This phrase is obviously\npuzzling and counterintuitive if you try to interpret this seriously, but its\noxymoronic quality is exactly what made this phrase famous.\n\nIt's widely believed that this phrase is from the Japanese cooking comic\n美味しんぼ, but I could not **confirm** this, either. From what I could google,\nit's possible that no one actually said this phrase verbatim in the original\nmanga. So it may be better to understand this as \"a typical 美味しんぼ-ish phrase\nwhich caught on in isolation from 美味しんぼ\". You may already have seen this, but\n[there was a\nperson](http://www.shibatashoten.co.jp/dayori/2012/06/21_1542.html) who tried\nto identify the first usage of this.\n\n>\n> ちなみに83年から連載が始まった『美味しんぼ』では「まったり」は早くも１巻第2話で登場します。フォワグラを食べた栗田さんの「まったりとこくのある味が口の中にとろけるようにひろがって…そしてこの香り…」という感想でした。「まったりとしていてそれでいて少しもしつこくない」っていうのが決めゼリフのように知られていますが、どの辺の話に出てくるのでしょう。３巻第３話でスッポンを食べた栗田さんは「こってりとしていて、それで少しもくどくないのね、それにこの舌ざわり」と述べていましたが…。もっとも私は初めのほうの巻をちょっと眺めただけでして、どなたか108巻分チェックして初出をお教えください。\n\nTranslating this phrase is way beyond my English ability, so I'll leave it to\nsomeone else. Basically both まったり and しつこい refer to the same kind of deep\nflavor that slowly spreads and lasts in the mouth for a while (typically that\nof an oily dish), but しつこい sounds negative. Anyway, if you are fine with free\ntranslation, it may be better to replace it with some well-known funny phrase\nused in cooking shows in the English-speaking cultures.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-08T03:45:08.163",
"id": "57156",
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{
"body": "Since you seem to be looking for a literal translation.\n\n> まったりとして それでいて \n> しつこさがなく・・・うーん \n> いいしごとをしている\n\nOne could literally translate it this way, particularly in a food-related\ncontext:\n\n> It's rich in taste/flavor, and yet, \n> It has no hint of heaviness... hmm \n> They're doing an excellent job.\n\nSome words have more than one meaning. To break it down to smaller chunks,\nwith alternative translations:\n\n> まったりとして -- rich, mellow, full-bodied in taste/flavor; relaxed, chilled out \n> それでいて -- and yet; despite that; but for all that; but at the same time \n> しつこさがなく -- has no heaviness; is not heavy (at all); not persistent; not too\n> loud \n> うーん -- hmm \n> いいしごとをしている -- doing a good/great/excellent job/work.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-08T05:51:17.437",
"id": "57160",
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}
] |
57153
|
57155
|
57156
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As mentioned in the title, I want to ask about the difference between \"ぶら下がる\"\nand \"つり下がる\" in terms of usage. Both of them are translated as \"hang\".\n\nFor example\n\n> 服が 鉄棒に つり下がる/ぶら下がる\n>\n> 手が つり革に つり下がる/ぶら下がる\n\nAre the two words interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T05:16:29.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57158",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-09T03:12:12.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "The difference between \"ぶら下がる\" and \"つり下がる\" in terms of usage",
"view_count": 172
}
|
[
{
"body": "The only difference worth mentioning, as far as I am concerned, is in the word\nformation of the two words.\n\n「ぶら下{さ}がる」 is formed by combining an **_onomatopoeia and a verb_** --\n「ぶら/ぶらり（と）」 and 「下がる」.\n\n「つり下がる」 is formed by combining **_two verbs_** -- 「吊{つ}る」 and 「下がる」.\n\nFor using an onomatopoeia, 「ぶら下がる」 sounds just a tiny bit more informal and\nslightly more intuitive than 「つり下がる」 for the native speakers. The difference\nis minimal in actual usage. For this reason, I would say that the majority of\nnative-speaking children would get to learn to say 「ぶら下がる」 before 「つり下がる」.\n\nIf you used the two interchangeably, I doubt if anyone would even notice\nanything.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T08:26:11.707",
"id": "57163",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T08:26:11.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "つり下がる and ぶら下がる are not always interchangeable.\n\n * 服が 鉄棒に つり下がっている\n * 服が 鉄棒に ぶら下がっている\n\nare both correct but つり下がっている sounds like the clothing is attached firmly to\nthe pull-up bar and ぶら下がっている sounds like the clothing is hanging loose with\nthe lower part fluttering in the breeze and not touching the ground.\n\n * 手が つり革に つり下がる/ぶら下がる\n\nis possible but very weird. Sounds to me that a forearm torn apart from its\nbody is hanging.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T08:46:09.187",
"id": "57164",
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"score": 2
}
] |
57158
| null |
57163
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What I want to say is something like \"if you choose A I think we will have to\ndo B\"\n\nBut of course in English (and in Japanese) there are many ways to say the same\nthing.\n\n * If you choose A I think it will become important to do B\n * If you choose A we'll need to do B\n * If you choose A I think we'll need to do B\n * ...\n\nOR maybe even more of\n\n * If you choose A I think you'll also need to choose B\n\nBut again so much nuance. In particular I'm asking someone what is their\ndecision, A or X and I want to make it clear if if they choose A they'll\nprobably also have to choose B.\n\nFor example: \"If you choose to buy the car I think you'll also need to get a\nchild seat.\". In my exact case it's \"If you choose the 3 monitor setup I think\nthe game will probably have to be redesigned\".\n\nBut there is subtlety in that there the \"I think\" part. In other word I'm not\nsaying that how it is, I'm saying I think that's how it is.\n\nSo I was writing\n\n「AにするとBにするのも必要となると思います」\n\nbut something just felt off. So I'm asking.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T06:20:39.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57161",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T17:49:14.497",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-08T07:52:24.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "17423",
"owner_user_id": "17423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Can I say ~~~必要となると思います?",
"view_count": 213
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think 「Aにすると(Aにするなら)、Bに(を)する必要があると思います。」is more natural.\n\nFor example, I translate \"if you choose A I think we will have to do B\" as\nもしあなたがAにするなら、私たちはBをしなければならない(する必要がある)と思います。\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T08:58:12.267",
"id": "57165",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T08:58:12.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Yes you can.\n\nI think it will become important to do B\n\n * Bをすることが重要になると思います\n\nwe'll need to do B\n\n * Bをする必要があります\n\nI think we'll need to do B\n\n * Bをする必要があると思います\n\n\"If you choose to buy the car I think you'll also need to get a child seat.\"\n\n * 車を買うならば、チャイルドシートも必要となると思います。\n\nbtw, there is a slight difference between となる and になる\n\n * 雨が雪になった // Rain became snow \"naturally\"\n\n * 雨が雪となった // Rain became snow \"unexpectedly\"\n\n * 彼に会った // I met him \"accidentally\"\n\n * 彼と会った // I met him \"as expected\"\n\nAre you confused? Don't worry, I'm also confused.\n\nin this case, you should use 必要になると思います\n\nRandom Japanese passing thru.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T17:18:57.553",
"id": "57173",
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"score": 2
}
] |
57161
| null |
57165
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57167",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently, as a way to test my Japanese comprehension, I've been attempting to\nread articles in Japanese. However, my knowledge of the language is still\nquite limited and so I have trouble with some phrases and words, and the such.\n\nI saw the title \"日本アニメ、米中が爆買い ネット配信の覇権争い過熱\" for an article and have not been\nable to get a very good grasp on the meaning. Please help?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T08:59:17.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57166",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T09:45:24.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does the phrase \"日本アニメ、米中が爆買い ネット配信の覇権争い過熱\" mean?",
"view_count": 987
}
|
[
{
"body": "Are you familiar with the newspaper writing style? In headlines in particular,\nthere's a tendency to use heavily abbreviated sentences to convey the relevant\ninformation in a compact space (it also sounds more \"punchy\" this way).\n\nThis means using common abbreviations for words (particularly the names of\ncountries, which are generally reduced to their single-kanji abbreviations\nwhere possible), leaving out particles that can be understood from context,\nand making extensive use of the 体言止め technique (ending sentences on a noun and\nomitting the final verb).\n\nIf you were to expand this particular headline into a fully grammatical\nsentence, it would read something like:\n\n> 日本のアニメ（作品）をアメリカや中国（の人）が爆買いしている。インターネット配信の覇権争いが過熱している。 \n> \"America and China are buying Japanese anime at an explosive rate. The\n> struggle for superiority in internet streaming is heating up.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T09:45:24.327",
"id": "57167",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T09:45:24.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25107",
"parent_id": "57166",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
57166
|
57167
|
57167
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57179",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There are two cases of the て form used that I do not understand in this\nsentence:\n\n> 留学し **て** 本当に良かった。僕を変えてくれ **て** 友達や色々な大人の **方** には感謝。\n\nThe context is someone returning from overseas exchange.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen I usually see the て form used like this, I assume it means \"and\". Usually\nbeing used to connect two clauses together.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 勉強が足りなく **て** 試験に合格できなかった。\n\nI didn't study enough \"and\" I couldn't pass the exam.\n\n> あの人は親切で頭が良く **て** 分かり易い。\n\nThat person is kind, smart, \"and\" easy to understand.\n\n* * *\n\nBut I don't understand why in both cases the て form is used in first sentence.\n\nJudging from the words used, I could translate the sentence as:\n\n> It was really good studying abroad. I thank the various adults and friends\n> that have changed me.\n\nI don't see how I can fit the word \"and\" into the translation.\n\n* * *\n\nOne more thing I don't understand is how is 方 used in the sentence? I only\nunderstand 方 to be used for comparisons or \"way of doing\".\n\nIf possible I would appreciate a more accurate translation to help me\nunderstand the grammar.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T14:45:32.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"conjugations",
"て-form"
],
"title": "How is the て form used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 349
}
|
[
{
"body": "The て form, or conjunctive particle て, has quite a few meanings and usages,\nsuch as:\n\nconnecting clauses or conjugatable words (赤く **て** 大きい) \nexpressing actions in sequence (風呂に入っ **て** 寝た) \ncause or reason (高く **て** 買えない / どうし **て** 遅刻したの？) \nmeans or method (塩をかけ **て** 味付けする / 首を絞め **て** 殺す) \nmanner of an action (黙っ **て** 話を聞く) \netc.\n\nAnd in your example, you could think of the て as \"expressing cause or reason\"\nin a broad sense, or even more simply as \"and\" for connecting clauses if it's\ntoo complex for you, as in:\n\n> 留学し **て** 本当に良かった。僕を変えてくれ **て** 友達や色々な大人の方には感謝。 \n> \"I studied abroad _and_ it was really good. [They] have changed me _and_\n> I'm thankful to my friends and many grownups.\" \n> \"It was really good _because_ I studied abroad. I'm thankful to my friends\n> and many grownups _because_ they have changed me.\"\n\nIn a narrower sense, the て's could be interpreted in another way, as in:\n\n> て 〘接続助詞〙 \n> ❻ある判断（特に謝罪や感謝など）の対象となる出来事を表す。「失敗し **て** 当然だ」「君がいてくれ **て** 助かった」「来てくれ **て**\n> ありがとう」 \n> (明鏡国語辞典)\n\nThe て expresses the object of one's judgement, apology, or gratitude. It often\ntranslates to \"(I'm sorry, Thank you, etc.) **for** ~~ / **that** ~~.\"\ndepending on sentence structure.\n\n> 留学し **て** 本当に良かった。僕を変えてくれ **て** 友達や色々な大人の方には感謝。\n\n留学した is the 対象 (object) of his judgement 良かった. In other words, he finds it\ngood that he studied abroad. 僕を変えてくれた is the 対象 of his feeling\n(友達や色々な大人の方に)感謝. In other words, he feels gratitude toward friends and\ngrownups for changing him.\n\nSo your example can literally translate to:\n\n> \"It was really good / I feel really happy that I studied abroad. I thank\n> friends and many grownups for changing me.\"\n\nA few examples with this て:\n\n> 手伝ってくれ **て** ありがとう。 Thank you for helping me. \n> 会え **て** よかった。 It was good that I met you. \n> 嘘をつい **て** ごめんなさい。 I'm sorry for lying.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the 方, it's read as かた, and is a respectful way of referring to people,\nor [人]{ひと}.\n\n[大人]{おとな}の[人]{ひと} (neutral) → 大人の[方]{かた} (respectful) \n[近所]{きんじょ}の人 (neutral) → ご近所の方 (respectful) \n[待]{ま}っている人 (neutral) → お待ちの方 (respectful)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-09T03:19:26.170",
"id": "57179",
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"parent_id": "57169",
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}
] |
57169
|
57179
|
57179
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57177",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm having trouble getting the correct translation of the sentence because of\nthe で particle. I don't know if it's being used as a particle or the\nimperative form of 元気.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T17:08:40.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57172",
"last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T01:24:25.297",
"last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T01:24:25.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Can someone explain the use of で in this sentence: 今日も元気で過ごせたらイイよね",
"view_count": 337
}
|
[
{
"body": "The で is a particle. According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> で 〘格助詞〙 \n> ❹動作を行うときの **様態** を表す。「急ぎ足 **で** 歩く」「親子 **で** 出席する」「笑顔 **で** 答える」「土足 **で**\n> 上がる」\n\nThe で expresses 動作を行うときの様態, the manner of an action, how or in what manner an\naction is done.\n\nIn 「元気で過ごす」, 「元気で」 (vigorously, cheerfully, healthily) describes how the\naction 「過ごす」 (spend the day) is done.\n\n* * *\n\n> the imperative form of 元気\n\n元気 is a noun or na-adjective, so it has no imperative form, at least in the\nmodern Japanese grammar.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-09T00:57:48.287",
"id": "57177",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-09T01:07:39.180",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-09T01:07:39.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "57172",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> 今日も元気 **で** 過ごせたらイイよね\n\nで in the above sentence is used as a particle not as the imperative form of\n元気.\n\n\"で is a case particle that indicates state or condition of action\" in the\ngiven sentence, which is made from にて by a euphonic change. \nThese explanations are written\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/148951/meaning/m1u/%E3%81%A7/) as:\n\n> 出典：デジタル大辞泉（小学館） \n> ［格助］《格助詞「にて」の音変化》名詞、名詞的な語に付く。 \n> ５ 動作・作用の行われる状態を表す。「みんな **で** 研究する」「笑顔 **で** あいさつする」\n\nThe given sentence could be written as:\n\n> 今日も元気 **な状態** で過ごせたらイイよね",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-09T00:59:57.197",
"id": "57178",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-09T00:59:57.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "57172",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57172
|
57177
|
57177
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a reason two different kanji sets might be used for the name of the\nsame person? While trying to translate a little, and maybe improve my\nJapanese, I found two spellings for the name Ranmaru, and both are used for\nthe same person (the historical figure Ranmaru Mori if it helps with the\nquestion). Although 蘭丸 is used, and shows as the normal spelling for him, I\nalso saw 乱丸 used. I'm trying to figure out why.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T18:26:39.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57175",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T23:30:45.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "28063",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Same person, two kanji spellings for the name - why?",
"view_count": 380
}
|
[
{
"body": "His actual name was Mori Naritoshi (森 成利). As an upper-class boy he was given\nanother name when he entered Oda Nobunaga's service, likely 乱丸 as can be\ngauged by literary evidence and apparently 乱 was a popular suffix to 幼名\n(childhood names) in the Oda household. A book written after his death, by\nKaibara Ekiken, used the kanji 蘭丸, and this became popularized thereafter and\nhas stuck.\n\nOther names: 乱、乱法師、長定、長康\n\nThose of noble birth (and others who attained status from low birth) had\nplenty of names as they progressed through the ranks and became renowned. In\nthis case, the kanji 蘭丸 came from a literary source who was likely either\ntrying to be indirect by not using the proper name or simply found this kanji\nmore to his liking.\n\nAs an example, other names for Miyamoto Musashi:\n藤原玄信、新免武蔵守、新免玄信、新免武蔵、宮本二天、宮本武蔵、【辨助、弁助・弁之助 - Childhood names】.\n\nSee [here](https://www.samurai-archives.com/names.html) for more information\nabout naming conventions.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-08T23:30:45.347",
"id": "57176",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-08T23:30:45.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "57175",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
57175
| null |
57176
|
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