question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57501",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "These are the ones I find acceptable to express the sentence but none of which\nactually translates to having \"taken\" the class. Not 'been' or 'studied' at,\nbut 'taken'. I don't think 取る works as a direct translation right?\n\nSo which of these are correct and which translate the best to having taken a\nclass. If possible, please give me examples that have nuances between having\ntaken a class, but did not finish the full class/course/schedule versus having\ntaken let's say a full year's worth of the class. Would there be any\ndifference in your sentence (without explicitly making a second sentence to\nmention that fact)?\n\n> 日本語授業を取ることがあった。 \n> 日本語授業に行くことがあった。 \n> 日本語授業で勉強することがあった。 \n> 日本語授業コースを完成しました。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T14:17:26.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57454",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-24T01:14:37.050",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-24T01:14:37.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How to say \"have taken this class\"?",
"view_count": 1567
}
|
[
{
"body": "I've asked a native speaker before and been told 受ける is a good verb to use (as\nopposed to 取る). So for an example:\n\n> 僕はその授業を受けたことがあります。\n\nAlso, there is the verb 受講 which means to attend or participate in a class or\nlecture.\n\n> 僕はその授業を受講したことがあります。\n\nI think that if you say sentences like this, it sounds like you have finished\nthe course.\n\nI know you asked without using a second sentence, but I would use wording like\nthis if you want to express you didn't finish a course.\n\n> その授業を一時期受けていたのですが、途中でやめました。\n\nIf you want to express just dropping in for a single day, you could say\nsomething like:\n\n> その授業を一日だけ受けたことがあります。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T20:06:00.650",
"id": "57501",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T20:06:00.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "57454",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57454
|
57501
|
57501
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For the meaning of \"to cause\" what are the differences if any? Or are they\ninterchangeable?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T14:18:27.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57455",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-17T10:13:16.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "引き起こすｖｓ起こす? Meaning difference?",
"view_count": 246
}
|
[
{
"body": "They are pretty much interchangeable; however, there are slight nuances that\nyou should be aware about. For example,ストレスはニキビを起こす, this makes sense that\nstress causes pimples. However, in this case, 引き起こす is a better choice as it\nhas a 2nd meaning of \"bringing out.\" Other than that, they have essentially\nthe same meaning and use.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-05T01:12:05.853",
"id": "57731",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-05T01:12:05.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29415",
"parent_id": "57455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
57455
| null |
57731
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Am learning Japanese and I can't decide when to appropriately use either of\nthe pairs: **kono/kore** , **sono/sore** , **ano/are** , **dono/dore**\n\nCan someone please explain with Examples how these can be used in what\nscenario or why woull one use `kono` and not use `kore` and in what occasion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T14:23:52.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57457",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-27T05:45:29.447",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-22T15:50:52.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "29258",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Whats the difference between kono/kore, sono/sore, ano/are, dono/dore in simple terms?",
"view_count": 1496
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is simple: これ・それ・あれ・どれ are abstract this/that/that one/which\none. この・その・あの・どの need a specific object to modify; that is, something must\ncome after it.\n\n> この本 ➝ This book \n> その本 ➝ That book \n> あの本 ➝ That book (over there) \n> どの本 ➝ Which book\n\nIn fact, I believe この・その・あの・どの are just contractions of これ・それ・あれ・どれ ＋ の.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T15:31:51.797",
"id": "57462",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T15:31:51.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "57457",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "これ、それ and あれ are used as pronouns, while この、その and あの are used as\ndemonstrative determiners.\n\n```\n\n これは私のカバンです —> This is my bag\n このカバンは青いです —> This bag is blue\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T05:45:29.447",
"id": "57559",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-27T05:45:29.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27151",
"parent_id": "57457",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
57457
| null |
57462
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to say \"you shouldn't drink a lot of (much) beer\" and i'm wondering\nif I can use たくさん in this way to mean \"a lot\" (i.e. much).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T15:10:44.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57459",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T15:28:16.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Does 「ビールをたくさん飲まないほうがいい」sound right?",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ビール **を** たくさん飲{の}まないほうがいい。」\n\nindeed sounds O.K. 「たくさん」 can be replaced by 「大量{たいりょう}に」.\n\nIt would, however, sound more natural if you said:\n\n> 「ビール **は** たくさん飲まないほうがいい。」\n\nIt was great that you placed 「たくさん」 right before the verb. What I often\nsee/hear Japanese-learners do is to place it before the noun as in\n「たくさんのビールを飲む」, which is just a direct translation from another language rather\nthan very natural-sounding Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T15:28:16.060",
"id": "57460",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T15:28:16.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57459",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57459
| null |
57460
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the dictionary, many words have these English translations:\n\n最後 前 以前 先 昔 etc\n\nI would be grateful if you could tell me the differences between these words.\nWhat i'm trying to say are things like \"at my previous school\" or \"my last\ngirlfriend\" etc",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T15:28:32.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57461",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T17:04:31.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How do I say former/previous/last?",
"view_count": 2351
}
|
[
{
"body": "最後 means _final_ ; the Japanese title for the most recent Star Wars movie was\n最後のジェダイ.\n\n前 generally means _before, former_ and probably the most useful prefix in the\ntwo cases you gave would be 前の, as in 前の学校, or 前の彼女. In the case of\ngirlfriends, however, it is also common to refer to one's ex-girlfriend as\n元カノ, カノ being an abbreviation of かのじょ.\n\n元の is another term meaning _former_ (Ex. 元の同僚, former colleague)\n\n先の can also mean former, but implies a relatively short interval of time.\n\n昔の means long ago. 昔の彼女 would imply a girlfriend from a relatively long time\nago.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T17:04:31.343",
"id": "57468",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T17:04:31.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57461",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57461
| null |
57468
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57464",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 目の不自由な方のものです。モノをおかないで!\n\nThe best translation I could come up for this is \"It is your blind spot. Don't\nignore it!\" \nおかないで confused me a bit. I don't know if it's 置く or 措く, but I also see that\nboth forms can mean \"to leave behind/exclude\", which is why I thought that the\nphrase is referring to not paying attention to your blind spot. Is this\naccurate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T15:45:57.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57463",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-30T04:42:18.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of おく in this sentence",
"view_count": 696
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「目{め}の不自由{ふじゆう}な方{かた}のものです。モノをおかないで!」\n\nおかないで ＝ 置かないで ＝ \"please don't place\"\n\nThis is a sign occasionally seen near the Braille blocks for the blind in\npublic places -- in particular, on the sidewalks.\n\n「目の不自由な方」 means \"the blind\".\n\n> \"This (= The Braille) is for the blind. Please do not put (and leave) things\n> here (on the Braille blocks)!\"\n\nNot sure where you get \"blind spot\" from. 「方」 means \"persons\" here.\n\n「もの」 in the first sentence describes \"intangible possession\". The Braille\nblocks \"exist\" for the blind. A sensible orthography choice indeed.\n\n「モノ」 in the second refers to the tangible items such as luggage, boxes, etc.\nthat people might possibly leave on the Braille blocks. They could have used\nthe kanji 「物」 for this one but went with the lighter-looking katakana.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T16:04:13.130",
"id": "57464",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-30T04:42:18.713",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-30T04:42:18.713",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57463",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
57463
|
57464
|
57464
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57472",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My inclination is that 沈黙 is more about the objective lack of sound/talking,\nwhile 静寂 has a more serene feeling to it (like a \"quiet\" picture of a lake; a\nbaby sleeping in its mother's arms; swinging on the porch at sunset; etc.)\n\nAm I correct, or am I looking too much into it and they are more-or-less\ninterchangeable?\n\n* * *\n\nEdit: Hmm, maybe my [Google Image search of 静寂](https://goo.gl/MdVZ6M)\nconfirms this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T16:14:01.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57465",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T18:21:24.330",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between [沈黙]{ちん・もく} and [静寂]{せい・じゃく}?",
"view_count": 359
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your intuition seems to be correct.\n\nAccording to the デジタル大辞泉, the main definition of 沈黙 is 「だまりこむこと。口をきかないこと。」\nWhereas 静寂 means 「静かでひっそりしていること。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T16:48:28.157",
"id": "57466",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T16:48:28.157",
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"parent_id": "57465",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "沈黙 basically only refers to the lack of talking (e.g., at a loss for words, or\nwith the intent of keeping a secret). 沈黙 can happen in a noisy classroom. The\nsubject of 沈黙する is almost always a human being, and occasionally an\norganization like White House. The only exception I know is [\"Angels\" in\n_Evangelion_](https://wiki.evageeks.org/Angels), where people say 使徒は完全に沈黙\ninstead of 使徒は完全に停止/死亡, but this usage is fairly idiosyncratic.\n\n静寂 is the lack of all kinds of sound. And yes, it often has a positive\nconnotation and implies the tranquility due to the silence.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T18:15:42.367",
"id": "57472",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T18:21:24.330",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-22T18:21:24.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "57465",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
57465
|
57472
|
57472
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57476",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a manga, a spectator is describing the way a boxer throws his punches:\n\n> 拳の山の骨で斬【き】りにきよる… 物騒なヤツや\n\nWhat is the meaning of 拳の山の骨? Does it refer to the knuckles? [Here you can\nsee](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MCFrR.jpg) the page it is taken from. Thank you\nfor your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T19:11:40.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57473",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T03:18:27.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"manga",
"sports",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "Meaning of 拳の山の骨",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "拳 is \"knuckle\", so 拳の山 should refer to a part of a knuckle. Judging from the\npicture, 拳の山 seems to refer to the protrusion made by the [metacarpophalangeal\njoints](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint). 拳の山 is not a\nwell-known term at least among laypeople. It doesn't look like boxer jargon,\neither. ~~so perhaps it's a made-up word.~~ Some orthopedists seem to use this\nphrase. Anyway, this is not to be memorized but to be understood ad-hoc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T23:32:04.257",
"id": "57476",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T03:18:27.403",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-23T03:18:27.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "57473",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57473
|
57476
|
57476
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I know that many times loanwords are abbreviated in Japanese as a subset of\ntheir original length (ex: アイス for アイスクリーム).\n\nRecently I heard someone say that ポッド was an abbreviation for ポッドキャスト and this\nsurprised me since I don't ever remember hearing this word after listening to\nmany Japanese podcasts (though much of this was years ago). Apparently it is a\nnew trend.\n\nMy question is how common is ポッド and should I stick to saying ポッドキャスト?\n\nTo clarify, I am talking using ポッド as a noun by itself (as in 僕はポッドを毎日聞く).I\nthink I have heard ポッド used as part of a compound word (I think there was a\npodcast-related site with a title like that, but can't remember it at the\nmoment).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T21:33:51.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57474",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T23:38:49.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"terminology",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Popularity of ポッド as a abbreviation of ポッドキャスト",
"view_count": 72
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not happening (yet) at least around me. Podcast is always ポッドキャスト as\nfar as I can recall.\n\nBut I won't be surprised if some people use ポッド as an abbreviation of ポッドキャスト.\nAfter all, many people say ウィキ instead of ウィキペディア, USB instead of USBメモリ and\nso on, even though they will make less sense...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-22T23:19:47.767",
"id": "57475",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-22T23:38:49.530",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-22T23:38:49.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "57474",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57474
| null |
57475
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "We have a school project for Japanese and we have to explain what Little つ\nmeans but I can't find the meaning of it anywhere and our teacher won't tell\nus what it is. Please help!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T00:06:38.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57477",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T02:55:07.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29266",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the Little つ? What does it mean?",
"view_count": 1291
}
|
[
{
"body": "けっかく(Kekkaku)\n\nがっこう(Gakkou)\n\nいって（Itte)\n\nthe 促音(small tsu) creates “double consonants”.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T02:42:21.007",
"id": "57480",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T02:55:07.460",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-23T02:55:07.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "27787",
"owner_user_id": "27787",
"parent_id": "57477",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
57477
| null |
57480
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How do you pronounce \"つづく\"?\n\n[tsɯ̥dzɯkɯ] or [tsɯdzɯkɯ] or [tsɯzɯkɯ]\n\nAny comment are welcomed, as long as you know how to use IPA to transcribe\nhuman speech.\n\n---3/23 night---\n\nWiktionary: [t͡sɨᵝzɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ] I personally believe this one is possible since the\npronunciation of t͡s and z is more front while k is back. The vowels are\naffected as a result.\n\nja.forvo.com/word/続く/#ja: all examples in this site gives pronunciation that\nomit none of the three \"u\" in \"tsuduku\".\n\n[tsɯ̥dzɯkɯ̥] or [tsdzɯk]: This one is interesting. I also agree that\npronunciative change may happen in a fast and continuous speech.\n\nアクセント核がない、無声子音に挟まれている、という場合の /i/ /u/ が弱化・無声化する、というのは基本的な規則です。(Can I interpret\nit as the rule of dictionary pronunciation? I mean, when the speaker pronounce\nつづく isolatedly or no in a fast speecha, and hence the standard pronunciation.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T00:40:32.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57478",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-22T21:01:55.270",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-23T11:45:02.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "22712",
"owner_user_id": "22712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "IPA for the pronunciation of つづく",
"view_count": 1047
}
|
[
{
"body": "[Wiktionary's\nentry](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B6%9A%E3%81%8F#Japanese) has\n[[t͡sɨᵝzɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]], but that seems to show devoicing on the final vowel, which\nis incorrect. I'm also not sure I totally agree with the use of [[ɨᵝ]] as the\nfirst two vowels.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T01:17:01.527",
"id": "57479",
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{
"body": "> How do you pronounce \"つづく\"?\n\nつ \n**ts** not \"tsu つ\" in うつす（写す/移す）\n\nづ \n**dzu** neither \"dz\" in roads nor \"zu ず\" in すずり（硯） or すずむし（鈴虫）\n\nく \n**k** not \"ku く\" in くにする（苦にする）\n\nSo, I pronounce it as \" **tsdzuk** \".",
"comment_count": 14,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T05:01:21.170",
"id": "57482",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T05:01:21.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "\"How do I pronounce X\" is almost always a very difficult question to ask,\nbecause pronunciation is often dependent on the context of the word and (more\nimportantly) the dialect used. You're looking for the dictionary form which is\nreferenced [here](https://ja.forvo.com/word/%E7%B6%9A%E3%81%8F/#ja), so I'll\nassume that the correct pronunciation is the correct IPA for what these\nspeakers are saying.\n\nPitch accent: つづく{LHH} \nSpeakers 1, 3, & 4: t͡sɯzɯkɯ \nSpeaker 2: t͡sɯᵝzɯᵝkɯᵝ\n\nI know IPA isn't an exact science, but the second speaker definitely used a\nmore rounded close back vowel, but never went fully into the \"u\" sound.\n\nBased on this set at least, I'd put the correct pronunciation as \"t͡sɯzɯkɯ\"\nfor the dictionary form. A waveform analysis of the files might find evidence\nfor a \"d͡z\" sound somewhere in there, but I can't personally hear any of them\nusing that.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-23T12:45:48.447",
"id": "57489",
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57478
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57489
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{
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"body": "In cases like 何でも and 何も, are they considered words on their own, or are they\nconsidered words + じょし? I've been told that it's one word, but sometimes the\nparticle is separated like in: どこへもいきません。If it is a word plus a particle, why\nare the particles でも, か, and も used, what do they mean, and how do they change\nthe interrogative? Also, how would I say \"I want to go everywhere\" in\nJapanese? I was told that どこも行きたい is incorrect, but I don't know how else to\nphrase it. Doesn't どこも mean \"nowhere\" when the verb is negative, and\n\"everywhere\" when the verb is positive?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T03:58:48.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57481",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T06:19:45.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29273",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Interrogatives + じょし",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "Generally, monolingual dictionaries consider 何でも, 誰でも, いつでも, どこでも and such as\ntwo words, i.e., an interrogative 何/etc followed by the particle でも. (They\nhave an entry for 何でも anyway because 何でも has a significant meaning as a set\nphrase.) 誰にも, どこからでも and so on are three words (だれ + に + も = \"to anyone\", どこ +\nから + でも = \"from anywhere\").\n\nDictionaries for Japanese learners may list them as one word for the sake of\nconvenience. There is [more than one way to separate\nwords](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36310/5010), after all.\n\n\"I want to go everywhere\" is どこ **へでも** 行きたい or どこ **にでも** 行きたい. You need a\ndestination marker へ or に. You have to use でも instead of も if your sentence is\nnon-negative. For details, see:\n[「どこでもある」と「どこにもある」の使い分け](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17697/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-23T06:19:45.747",
"id": "57486",
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57481
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{
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"body": "I tried reading explanations in Japanese on hinative, but they tend to use one\nof these words to describe the other two.\n\nUsually I only distinguish formal complaints (苦情) and verbal informal\ncomplaints, and apparently there are at least three types of informal\ncomplaints in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-23T08:40:49.177",
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"id": "57487",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-24T03:00:04.787",
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"owner_user_id": "25801",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"synonyms",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What's the difference between complaints 不満 不平 文句?",
"view_count": 825
}
|
[
{
"body": "不満 also means \"unsatisfactory\" (as in \"unsatisfactory score\"), and 文句 also\nmeans \"line; phrase\" (as in \"catchphrase\").\n\nWhen they mean \"complaint\", 不平 and 不満 are almost completely interchangeable.\nThe focus of 不平/不満 is unhappy _feeling_ rather than words. 不満 is relatively\nmore common, and 不平 is often used along with 不満\n([不平不満](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%8D%E6%BA%80)). 文句\nfocuses on verbal phrases of complaint you actually express. Therefore you can\nsay 不平/不満を抱える, 不平/不満を漏らす or 不平/不満な顔, but not ×文句を抱える, ×文句を漏らす nor ×文句な顔.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-24T03:30:46.833",
"id": "57504",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-24T03:56:34.937",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-24T03:56:34.937",
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{
"body": "* **不満** \n_Dissatisfaction_ or _discontent_ , as literal as it reads. This word doesn't\nnecessarily mean _complaint_ , because it stands for an emotion and doesn't\nneed to be expressed.\n\n * **不平** \n_Complaint about bad, undue, or unfair **treatment**_. In theory, it doesn't\nneed to be expressed either, but modern usage seems mostly so. We also have a\ncombined word 不平不満 when people grow really bitter and twisted.\n\n * **文句** \nIt's the easiest word among them that means _something to say against_. Yes,\nit widely covers from _complaint_ to _disapproval_.\n\n> 彼の実力を認めたくないやつらが文句をつけているにすぎない。 \n> _Just those who don't want to acknowledge his ability are criticizing it._\n\n * **苦情** \n_Complaint for remedy of the situation_. I don't think it's particularly\n\"formal\" but imaginably you say this more to officials (but also to companies\nfor their products etc).\n\n* * *\n\n**PS**\n\n * **不服** \nThe \"formal complaints\" reminded me of this term, which literally means\n\"insubordination\" and used when you file objections to administrative\ndecisions: 不服[申立]{もうしたて} _motion for complaint_.",
"comment_count": 0,
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57487
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57505
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57505
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"accepted_answer_id": "57553",
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"body": "I am a 32 year old American male. I dated a Japanese female from Kobe for\nthree years. She is now 35 years old, married with a baby. I met her in Kobe,\nwhere I lived as well. We haven't spoken in about four years.\n\nThis summer I am going to Kobe and expect I will see her. The reason is\nbecause I would like to apologize for how I treated her. I will write her a\nFacebook later asking if we can meet, whereupon I will explain myself.\n\nMy question is what kind of language should I use? How formally should I write\nthe letter and speak to her in person? Should I say \"お久しぶりです\" or \"久しぶりやな！\",\nfor example. Or 神戸弁で、「最近何しとん？」? (When we were going out and even just friends\nafterwards we would always use the casual form, and often Kobe-ben 神戸弁. This\nwas in a kind of playful way, because she is from Kobe, and I love the Kobe\nregion.)\n\nSince the purpose of my meeting her is to apologize for some of the things I\ndid, there will be a tone of remorse. However, she is a very warm and kind\nperson, not too formal either, so I expect she will still treat me kindly.\nThus I do not want to be too formal if she will not be. However, I do not want\nto inappropriately suggest intimacy that is no longer there, if doing so\ncrosses boundaries.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T14:05:56.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57490",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-27T00:18:08.340",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-27T00:18:08.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "29280",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"culture",
"formality",
"email"
],
"title": "Formality when talking to ex girlfriend",
"view_count": 262
}
|
[
{
"body": "My impression is that the language in written correspondence such as emails\ntends to be on the more formal side of the language in face-to-face\nconversation.\n\nIn addition to that, things have changed in your relationship with her, so I\nthink being more conservative in your choice of tone (such as です・ます調) might be\nbetter.\n\n(Interacting with ex-boy/girlfriends always carries the risk of causing\ntrouble — with the ex-partner or with the new partner (or both) — so by\ncontacting her, you will likely put her in an awkward position. I would\nconsider twice if asking her to meet with you really has the effect you are\nhoping to achieve. As mentioned in the comments,\n[Interpersonal.SE](https://interpersonal.stackexchange.com/) might be a good\nplace to ask about this.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T00:16:00.443",
"id": "57553",
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57490
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57553
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57553
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"body": "Alright so I'm trying to translate this sentence and I've found so much\nconflicting stuff I'm unsure of what's right. Also trying to figure out how to\nput two verbs in the same sentence, so here's what I have:\n\n彼は だけ あやしますーそれともーあやしがっています。The type of 'held' I'm looking for is for a baby\nbeing held. 'Rocked' would also work which is where I got yashimasu. I've also\nseen hoshigatta deshou, and kakaemashou, however I'm just not experienced\nenough to figure out which one to use and how to equate the verb 'want' and\n'to be held' confidently. What I'm looking for is am I even on the right track\nwith this translation, or have I completely missed it? If I have completely\nmissed it how do I fix it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T15:30:12.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57492",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-24T02:30:15.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29259",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Trying to figure out how to say: 'He just wants to be held'",
"view_count": 211
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're missing a few key aspects of Japanese here, one of them is that \"to\nwant to be (verb in past tense)\" is its own conjugation made up of two\ndifferent inflections:\n\nTo hold: 抱く \nTo want to hold: 抱きたい \nTo be held: 抱かれる \nTo want to be held: 抱かれたい\n\nExcluding context, and assuming you mean \"just\" as in \"nothing but\" and not as\na filler, \"彼は抱かれたいだけ\" would be a better translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T17:07:05.303",
"id": "57494",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T17:19:19.727",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-23T17:19:19.727",
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{
"body": "By far the most often-used verb phrase for \" ** _to hold (a baby)_** \" is:\n\n> 「抱{だ}っこする」\n\nTo say \"He just wants to be held.\", the more common sentences would include:\n\n「（その子{こ}は）抱っこされたがっているだけです。」 ← My personal recommendation\n\n「（その子は）抱っこしてほしがっているだけです。」\n\nUsing the verb 「あやす」, which you mentioned, would not be very natural here.\n\nI will not explain this as it has been explained multiple times here, but\nexpressing others' wants and desires in Japanese is more complex than\nexpressing one's own, which is why we rarely, if ever, say 「その子は抱っこされたい」 even\nthough that is the kind of sentence Japanese-learners tend to come up with\nwhen they try to translate directly from \"He wants to be held.\".\n\nFinally, be extra-careful about using the verb 「抱く」 and its various forms\nhere. Those can mean what you do not want to say and that is the main reason\nthat I posted my answer to introduce the more appropriate 「抱っこする」 with babies.\n\nUse 「抱く」、「抱かれる」、「抱きたい」, etc. and people might think you are talking about\ndifferent kinds of **_babes_** if you know what I mean.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T18:59:18.240",
"id": "57498",
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"score": 4
}
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57492
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57498
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I'm trying to figure out what つばみ means in this sentence? I know 桜 means\ncherry blossom, and google translate only gave me cherry blossom for the whole\nsentence. And leaving つば without the み means saliva. Any clarification of this\nsentence would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T17:20:31.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57495",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-23T17:28:05.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29285",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 桜のつばみ!",
"view_count": 166
}
|
[
{
"body": "It should be 「桜{さくら}のつ **ぼ** み」 if it were to make sense.\n\n「つぼみ」 means \"a bud\".\n\nSo, the phrase means \" ** _the Sakura buds_** \". It is not a sentence; It is\nonly a noun phrase.",
"comment_count": 1,
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57495
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57496
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57496
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{
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"body": "I was wondering if someone here could tell me the meaning of this word/\nexpression in this image. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nsBl7.jpg)\n\nThanks so much.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T18:51:31.933",
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"owner_user_id": "29286",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the character in this picture?",
"view_count": 205
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is an upside-down 「光{ひかり}」(\"light\") in cursive writing.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t9nAb.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-23T19:08:06.633",
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"body": "The iteration marks 々, ヽ, ヾ, ゝ, ゞ are slightly smaller than standard kana, and\nare often seen in print when a contemporary scholar is transcribing text, a\nprintmaker's seal, etc. My question relates to the _kunojiten_ (くの字点, くのじてん),\neither the 〱 (unvoiced) or 〲 (voiced) repeat marks that resemble the hiragana\ncharacters _ku_ (く) and _gu_ (ぐ). Given they are only used in vertical text,\nstretching to fill the space usually occupied by two kanji characters, what is\nthe best solution if you are TRANSCRIBING them from pre-20th century documents\nand cartouches, typing them up?\n\nPerhaps this is a little bit of a style question... might one write:\n\n摂州大物の浦よしつねしう〲難風... and risk a reader thinking 〲 is _gu_ ぐ\n\n摂州大物の浦よしつねしう〲[じう]難風... i.e., interpolate in square brackets\n\n摂州大物の浦よしつねしう[じう]難風... interpolate in square brackets with no reference to 〲\n\nor simply transcribe as\n\n摂州大物の浦よしつねしうじう難風... with no reference to there having been a _kunojiten_\npresent?\n\nMy reference from a cartouche: 摂州大物の浦よしつねしう[ _kunojiten_\n]難風に出合て平家のぼうれい御船を覆さんとする圖\n\nor with accompanying _furigana_ in the cartouche: 摂州[せっしゅう]大物の浦よしつねしう[\n_kunojiten_ ]難[なん]風に出合て平家のぼうれい御船を覆[くつがえ]さんとする圖, _Sesshū Daimotsu-no-ura\nYoshitsune shiujiu_ [ _shūjū_ ] _nanpū ni deaite Heike no bōrei mifune wo\nkutsugae san to suru zu_.\n\nEssentially, is there a consistent and/or best practice for transcribing or\ntransliterating _kunojiten_ in printed text?\n\n* * *\n\n_Shiujiu_ (しう〲, thus しうじう), appears to be a more archaic way to write _shūjū_\n(しゅうじゅう) or _shujū_ (しゅじゅう), a \"master and servant\" or \"lord and retainer.\"\n_Shūjū/shujū_ is sometimes seen in kanji form (主従) but it's usually seen\n_Shiujiu_ (しう followed by the _kunojiten_ ) in 19th century prints. The\ndictionaries I have access to (at present) don't bring up the spelling\n_Shiujiu_... not quite sure when it changed, and the historical\nrelationship/shift of 'iu' to 'ū'.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T19:52:34.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57500",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-25T04:05:14.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "26637",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"readings",
"history",
"classical-japanese",
"archaic-language",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Transcribing iteration marks: kunojiten , くの字点",
"view_count": 296
}
|
[
{
"body": "Aozora Bunko renders the くの字点 as a forward slash plus backward slash (／＼ or\n／″＼).\n\nOne option would be to use multiple _single_ iteration marks (Ex. ところゞゝゝ,\n馬鹿々々しい). In your case, it could be しうゞゝ. I think this would cause the least\nconfusion.\n\nEdit: Also, 主従{しゅうじゅう} being spelled しうじう reflects kana orthography that\npredates World War II. See the Wikipedia article [Historical kana\northography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography?oldformat=true\n\"Historical kana orthography\") for more details.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-23T20:23:12.277",
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{
"body": "Two options for transcribing a handwritten source text with _kunojiten_ into a\ntypescript are:\n\n 1. as JAM's answer suggests, use ／＼ and ／″＼ when typing horizontally 摂州大物の浦よしつねしう／″＼難風に出合て平家のぼうれい御船を覆さんとする圖\n\n 2. use 〳 and 〵, or 〴 and 〵 placed directly above each other when typing vertically. This works well in a Microsoft Word doc (create a one cell table, and change text direction). As soon as 〴 and 〵 are typed in they form a double-character length 〲. \n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jKJN4.png)\n\nThis example (above) doesn't account for the _furigana_ , but it's indicative.\nOriginal text below:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QiYzw.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-25T14:21:10.563",
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57500
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57502
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57502
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57510",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this answer:\n\n[Japanese Dog Training\nCommands](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25155/japanese-dog-\ntraining-commands)\n\nFor most dog training commands, but I didn't see anything for \"stand\" or\n\"stay\"\n\nI think that \"stay\" would be まて but I couldn't quite figure that out.\n\nI also learned something like \"ikky mah sho\" (english phonetics) for \"Let's\ngo\" - but it was a long time ago (before the internet was born!) and I don't\nhave any clue where it came from or if it is even remotely correct.\n\nAny help?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-23T21:59:28.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57503",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29288",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "More dog training commands",
"view_count": 314
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Stand (from the down/sit position)\" is 立て【たて】, but this is probably less\ncommon as compared to おすわり/すわれ/ふせ.\n\n\"Stay\" is まて, you can find this in the answer you linked. There is also おあずけ,\nwhich is \"Wait (to eat)\" and specifically used in front of a meal.\n\n\"Ikky mah sho\" should be 行きましょう, which is \"Let's go\" in English, but I don't\nthink it's a dog command.\n\nRelated: [Why are dogs asked to 「おすわり」 instead of\n「すわれ」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55697/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-24T10:59:31.880",
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57503
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57510
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57510
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"body": "Why are 3 and 5 incorrect? Also what does ほら mean in this instance?\n\n",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-24T09:56:14.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57507",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-24T11:34:30.700",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-24T10:27:40.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "29293",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Reading comprehension n2",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "> いつも通る道の、ほらベンチがあるところ、なんだかゴミだらけだと思わない？\n\n * > □ 3 学校のベンチの周りは、ゴミでいっぱいである。\n\nThe bench is not at the school, but on the route the speaker always takes. ほら\nis just to call attention, maybe like \"y'know\".\n\n* * *\n\n> ね、うちのクラブでゴミ箱作ってそこへ置くっていうのはどう？美術部に絵をかいてもらってさ。\n\n * > □ 5 ベンチにかく絵を美術部に頼む予定である。\n\nThe picture should go on the litter bin / garbage can the speaker is wanting\nto make, not on the bench.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-24T10:26:23.773",
"id": "57508",
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| null |
57508
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"body": "At first I learnt いなくなる as the polite version of 死んだ/死んでいる, then I realised it\ncould also be used as a negative version of いる to indicate state of\nexisting/being in a place. Then how do you potentially avoid having, E.g., \"if\n〇〇 is not around, then what would you do\" vs \"if 〇〇 is dead, then what would\nyou do\" confused?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-24T18:05:22.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57511",
"last_activity_date": "2023-03-22T17:01:40.170",
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"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Differentiating いなくなる as \"not being around\" versus \"not being around (because of being dead)\"?",
"view_count": 441
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is nakunatta((亡くなった)) that means died....not inakunatta((いなくなった)). That is\na polite way to say \"he died\"....かれは亡くなりました (nakunarimashita).\n\n1....if your husband was not around, then what would you do? 。。。いなかったら\n\n2....if your husband died, then what would you do?。。。なくなったら",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T04:05:18.350",
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"body": "I've looked through various dictionary sites and they translate it to\naffection/love. So how does it relate to 愛 and 恋? To suki and daisuki? There\nseem to be a lot of ways to say love...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T02:36:05.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57515",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is 慈しみ (itsukushimi)?",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "慈しみ (or 慈愛) is a kind of unconditional love that is given to weak beings.\nTypically 慈しみ is given from parents to their children, from a master to their\npet, from a young person to an old/sick person, from God to their people, etc.\n\n慈しみ has nothing to do with romance, so, 慈しみ is basically closer to 愛 than 恋.\nUnlike 愛, 慈しみ is usually not used for someone greater than you. In addition,\n慈しみ is much more literary than 愛, and it's typically used in religious\ncontexts or moral classes. I think most adults occasionally use 愛 but do not\nuse 慈しみ at all in daily conversations. For the difference between 愛 and 恋, see\nthe following questions:\n\n * [Love in the air: 愛ｘ恋 {あい vs こい}](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2246/5010)\n * [Translating a sentence with 恋 and 愛](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56984/5010)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T02:49:49.030",
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"body": "Evening,\n\nlike in the title, verb & adj conjugations are todays brain buster.\n\nI find it hard to work out the right question to ask, so i made a few simple\nones (i think).\n\n1: じゃ。why is is only used in the な adjective?\n\n2: です。in adjectives and ます。for verbs. Why is that?\n\n3: あるverb in ありません。why only in adjectives? (where verbs is only ます)\n\n4: った。does it essentially indicate past tense for all adj?\n\n5: ますーました。is it essentially ました = ます＋した (from する). (same question for ません).\n\nAll and any thoughts appreciated. Thankyou for your time, Shaun.\n\n<https://www.japandict.com/> was where i looked through the conjugations",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T03:33:35.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57517",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-25T08:22:22.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "verb, adj conjugation/\"declension\"",
"view_count": 163
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[
{
"body": "I don't know if my answers are 100% grammatically accurate, but this is how I\nthink about them:\n\n1) The na-adjectives also behave as nouns. To use them as adjectives you add\nな.\n\n> これはきれいな部屋だ/です。 \n> This is a clean room. \n> この部屋はきれいだ/です。 \n> This room is clean.\n\nIn the second example きれい acts as a noun, so to say this is **not** a clean\nroom you'd have\n\n> この部屋はきれいじゃない/ではありません。\n\nin the same way that you'd happily write 犬じゃない. So, I don't see this じゃ as a\nconjugation, rather, it's just part of the negative copula (じゃない). You could\nequally well write きれいではありません etc.\n\n2) ます is a polite conjugation of a verb. です only adds to i-adjectives. It is\nnot a conjugation of the adjective, it is just added on to the end to make the\nsentence more polite. For example:\n\n> 田中さんはやさしい。 \n> 田中さんはやさしいです。\n\nare both equally good, just with different levels of politeness.\n\n3) You need to clarify this question. I don't understand what you're asking.\nIf I had to guess, maybe you're thinking about things like きれいではありません, in\nwhich case, refer to 1).\n\n**Edit** : Still not quite sure what you mean. You seem to be asking about\nnegating adjectives. For i-adjectives you change the final い to a く and then\nadd the negative form of the verb ある on to the end. That gives you a formal\nand an informal way to write it:\n\n> Formal: おいしくありません \n> Informal: おいしくない\n\nBecause ない itself behaves like an i-adjective the latter case can be made\nformal by adding です as discussed in 2):\n\n> Formal: おいしくないです\n\nFor the past tense conjugate ある just like you would if it was a stand-alone\nverb:\n\n> おいしくありませんでした \n> おいしくなかった \n> おいしくなかったです\n\n4) Not quite sure what you mean, but I'm going to say that the answer is yes.\nFor an i-adjective you take of the final い and add かった:\n\n> おいしい -> おいしかった\n\nFor a na-adjective, as we discussed in 1), you conjugate the copula rather\nthan the adjective:\n\n> きれいだ-> きれいだった \n> きれいです -> きれいでした\n\n5) I doubt it, but I'm not even remotely qualified to answer that question.\nIt's an interesting question, but probably not so helpful to your studies at\nthis stage.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T09:40:12.333",
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"body": "> 私ははっきりとは知らない。 \n> 私ははっきりに知らない。\n\nはっきりに means clearly but I'm not sure about はっきりとは and what's the difference\nbetween both.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T04:30:08.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57519",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-25T05:21:59.893",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-25T04:41:20.663",
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"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "はっきりとは/に what's the difference?",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "Check the word class of はっきり. From jisho.org:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BIf3r.png)\n\nはっきり is an **adverb** that [optionally takes\nと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24943/5010). はっきりに is always\nungrammatical because it's not a na-adjective in the first place.\n\nは in はっきりと **は** 知らない is a contrast marker. In this case, this は implies that\nthe speaker does not know much about the matter, but he _at least vaguely_\nknows about it.\n\nはっきり(と)知らない can mean \"I absolutely know nothing\", but usually まったく知らない or\n全然知らない is used for this meaning.",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-25T05:15:34.503",
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57519
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57520
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57520
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"body": "助ける itself is ③, so according to the rule 助けて would become ② as 逃れる 休める etc.\ndo.\n\nHowever, I myself find it extremely unnatural to say たすけて in ② rather than ③,\nand as I tried it on my iPhone, iOS would read it as ③ (as in 助けてください) or\nalmost flat as in a bare 助けて.\n\nSo my questions are:\n\n 1. _Why_ doesn't that rule apply to 助ける? Are there some other examples on such exceptions?\n 2. I can also remember hearing it pronounced as ① somewhere. Does that pronunciation exist?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T07:02:31.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57522",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-28T11:28:51.533",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-25T08:30:38.007",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Doesn't 助けて follow the usual pitch accent rule?",
"view_count": 551
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since no one takes this, from what I could find:\n\n[Against Marking Accent Locations in Japanese\nTextbooks](http://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Accent/accent.html):\n\n> The fact that native listeners do hear an accent on a devoiced syllable\n> indicates that associating an accent invariably with a high pitch cannot be\n> an accurate description of the language.\n\n[The Production and Perception of Japanese Pitch\nAccent](http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/61104), section 1.3.1\n\"Devoicing and Accent\":\n\n> Yoshida (2002, p. 41) discusses three possible realizations of accented high\n> vowels that occur between voiceless consonants. Among them, (1) is thought\n> to be most common (Sakurai, 1998).\n>\n> 1. Devoicing occurs, moving accent to the following mora.\n> 2. Devoicing is avoided to realize accent on that mora.\n> 3. Devoicing occurs with accent staying on that mora.\n>\n\nHandbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology, [section 8.3 \"Vowel\nDevoicing\"](https://books.google.ru/books?id=8vFeCAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA479&dq=japanese%20accent%20on%20devoiced&hl=ru&pg=PA479#v=onepage&f=false):\n\n> In short, there is a tendency to shift accent due to vowel devoicing.\n> However, young speakers place accent on devoiced vowels and show no such\n> accent shifts.\n\nAs for your questions:\n\n> 1. _Why_ doesn't that rule apply to 助ける? Are there some other examples on\n> such exceptions?\n>\n\nYou are observing a most common scenario: moving devoiced accent to the\nfollowing mora. Other examples would be any word where accent would otherwise\nfall on devoiced syllable. [OJAD](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/search)\nmost of the time shows both variants (for instance [危機, 記者,\n施設](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/search/index/sortprefix:accent/narabi1:kata_asc/narabi2:accent_asc/narabi3:mola_asc/yure:visible/curve:invisible/details:invisible/limit:20/word:%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F,%20%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85,%20%E6%96%BD%E8%A8%AD)).\n\n> 2. I can also remember hearing it pronounced as ① somewhere. Does that\n> pronunciation exist?\n>\n\nComments to you post argue that this is what you get when you forcibly try to\naccent devoiced syllable.\n\n* * *\n\n**Update: Why it makes sense to talk about accent on devoiced mora**\n\nOnly the first link above tries to explain this (in a somewhat obscure way),\nother take it for granted, yet it doesn't seem to be obvious even to all\nnative speakers, let alone us mere mortals :).\n\nIn some other languages accent (also called stress) is produced by one, any\ncombination of two, or all three of:\n\n 1. Pitch raise\n 2. Sound volume raise\n 3. Vowel length increase\n\nParticularly because of (3) long vowels in Japanese are often perceived as\n\"stressed\" by non-natives, and (2)+(3) make it difficult to grasp how devoiced\nmora could possibly be accented (though actually it's possible to vary pitch\nof a consonant by rising corners of the mouth (i.e. \"smiling\")).\n\nThe first thing to note is that (2) and (3) do not apply to Japanese pitch\naccent (as the name suggests). The second thing is that in (1) it's not the\npitch _level_ that matters, but the pitch _change_. Normal speech is not a\nmere alteration between high and low pitch, but actually a cascade of pitch\ndownsteps (audio:\n[三人寄れば文殊の知恵](http://assets.languagepod101.com/dictionary/japanese/audiomp3.php?kanji=%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%AF%84%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A%E3%81%AE%E7%9F%A5%E6%81%B5&kana=%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E3%81%AB%E3%82%93%E3%82%88%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0%E3%82%82%E3%82%93%E3%81%98%E3%82%85%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A1%E3%81%88)).\n\nContrary to the notation, pitch change occurs not between the morae (there are\nno gaps in speech so there's no \"between\" to begin with), but _within_ the\nmora that comes _after_ the accented one. Here are two audio samples from\n[OJAD](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/search/index/sortprefix:accent/narabi1:kata_asc/narabi2:accent_asc/narabi3:mola_asc/yure:visible/curve:invisible/details:invisible/limit:20/word:%E5%8A%A9%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B):\n[助ける](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/sound4/mp3/female/012/1229_1_1_female.mp3?20121005)\nand\n[助けて](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/sound4/mp3/female/012/1229_3_1_female.mp3?20121005).\nNote how differently け is pronounced: in the first sample the pitch actually\nrises during け and falls on る. In the second sample the pitch falls on け.\nHense OJAD shows たすける{LHHL} and たすけて{LHLL} respectively (the low pitch on た is\narguably the result of pronouncing the word in isolation and in real speech\nmay \"inherit\" the pitch of the preceding syllable).\n\nAnother example is\n[記者](http://assets.languagepod101.com/dictionary/japanese/audiomp3.php?kanji=%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85&kana=%E3%81%8D%E3%81%97%E3%82%83):\nwhile second mora is both louder (2) and longer (3) then the first, only pitch\n(1) matters, and pitch downstep is quite pronounced (at least to my ear),\nhence きしゃ{HLL}.\n\nFinally it's worth remembering that pitch accent of a phrase isn't always a\nconcatenation of individual accents, the OP's case could even be\nたすけてください{LHHHHHHL} (and the accent pattern may stay even when ください is\ndropped).",
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"body": "> 1. Why doesn't that rule apply to 助ける?\n>\n\nWith 一段 verbs with the 中高型 accent, the accent usually shifts to the previous\nmora in the te-form:\n\n③[のがれる]{LHHL} → ②[のがれて]{LHLL}\n\n③[そだてる]{LHHL} → ②[そだてて]{LHLL}\n\n③[たずねる]{LHHL} → ②[たずねて]{LHLL}\n\n③[はなれる]{LHHL} → ②[はなれて]{LHLL}\n\n③[ひきいる]{LHHL} → ②[ひきいて]{LHLL}\n\nBut as explained in [this\npage](https://gist.github.com/k3zi/3f38070efffa38db83cd5745d83b1235):\n\n> 中高型 \n> （一段： accent comes one mora earlier） \n> ⇨ ◎◎〜◎＼◎て ＬＨ〜Ｈ〜ＬＬ \n> ⇨ たべ＼る た＼べて \n> ⇨ み＼る み＼て \n> ⇨ あつめ＼る あつ＼めて \n> **（例外： when the accent would fall on a 無声化した母音 (voiceless vowel), it\n> doesn't move)** \n> ⇨ つけ＼る つけ＼て \n> ⇨ **たすけ＼る たすけ＼て (note that when calling for help this is flat: たすけてー)** \n> （例外： when the accent would fall on a ん, it moves one more back) \n> ⇨ ぞんじ＼る ぞ＼んじて\n\nWith たすけて, the second mora す is devoiced (since the /u/ sound is between\ndevoiced consonants /s/ and /k/), which makes it difficult for the accent to\nshift to it, hence:\n\n③[たすける]{LHHL} → ③[たすけて]{LHHL}\n\n> Are there some other examples on such exceptions?\n\nI tried but I couldn't find other examples. \n(The page linked above gives ②[つける]{LHL} → ②[つけて]{LHL} as another example, but\nI think we usually pronounce its te-form as ①[つけて]{HLL} (付けて、点けて etc.) with a\nvoiced つ. 漬ける is ⓪[つける]{LHH} → ⓪[つけて]{LHH}.)\n\n* * *\n\n> 2. I can also remember hearing it pronounced as ① somewhere. Does that\n> pronunciation exist?\n>\n\nI don't think we pronounce it as ①[たすけて]{HLLL} in standard Japanese. (It might\nbe pronounced that way in some regional dialect.)\n\nI think we often pronounce it like ⓪[たすけて]{LHHH}ー！/ [たすけて]{HHHH}ー！ when crying\nfor help.\n\n* * *\n\n@snailplaneさん\n[教えてくれて](https://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/43615414#43615414)ありがとうございました。",
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57551
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57557
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"body": "Sometimes the て form has an adverbial meaning like: 重ねて or 歩いて行く and sometimes\nit functions as a way to connect two sentences. Is there an easy way to\ndifferentiate between what meaning is being used?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T07:51:54.183",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"て-form",
"parsing"
],
"title": "How to differentiate between separate meanings of て form?",
"view_count": 321
}
|
[
{
"body": "If there is a comma after the first verb in te-form, you're lucky, because it\n_tends_ to be sequential actions (\"V1 and V2\", \"V1, then V2\"). The first verb\n[can be a reason](https://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/te-form-cause-\nreason.html) for the second verb.\n\n> * 朝起きて、顔を洗う。 (sequential actions)\n> * 彼女に会って、話をします。 (sequential actions)\n> * 電車が遅れて、遅刻した。 (sequential actions / reason)\n>\n\nIf there is no comma, it can _also_ refer to methods or surrounding\nevents/situations, \"V2 while V1\" or \"V2 by/with V1-ing\". The correct meaning\ndepends on the context.\n\n> * 急いで顔を洗う。 (situation)\n> * 歩いて学校に行く。 (method)\n> * 朝起きて顔を洗う。 (sequential actions)\n>\n\n\"Context\" may be a disappointing answer, but English also has many context-\ndependent words that confuses people who learn English as the second language.\nFor example, \"as he speaks\" means both \"while he speaks\" and \"because he\nspeaks\". \"She must be a pro\" means both \"she has to be a pro\" and \"she is\ncertainly a pro\". You can soon get used to such ambiguous constructions once\nyou've understood the possible meanings.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-26T04:51:43.443",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57542",
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"body": "Context: I don't exactly remember how, but when I traveled in Japan three\nyears ago, I somehow picked up this phrase: `その通りです`. I didn't speak Japanese\nthen and I really still can't now, but the word `通り` sounded just like `道理`.\nTherefore, I had always thought that the phrase was `その道理です`. It stuck in my\nhead like that.\n\nNow, where I'm from, people speak Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan), and in Chinese,\nwe have its *cognateー`道理 (dào-lǐ)` ーwhich is to me identical to its Japanese\nequivalent. In Chinese, 道理 can mean \"sense,\" \"argument,\" \"reason,\" etc. This\nconfuses me tremendously. Why aren't `通り` and `道理` interchangeable according\nto some? For instance, the answer in this Japanese topic seems to state that\nthey're not the same: <https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/977067.html>\n\nNonetheless, I could've understood it wrongly. The Japanese answer is really\nbeyond my two-month beginner level.\n\nI couldn't find anything in English that compares the two. Please help clarify\nthis issue. Thank you.\n\n*Or is it a stem? I'm not familiar with linguistics.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T14:52:45.880",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "その通りで versus (X)その道理で: Does the latter ever make sense?",
"view_count": 184
}
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[
{
"body": "Copied from comment:\n\n道理 and 通り mean different things. As the link in you question suggests, 道理\nmeans that things are such and such because of _logical necessity_ or due to\n_common sense_ - they are expected to be this way. 通り simply says that\nsomething is _in accordance with_ something else. You can say\n[予定]{よてい}[通]{どお}り, yet there's nothing logical nor common-sensical when things\ngo as planned, they could go otherwise. その[通]{とお}り is not a truth statement,\nthough it's often translated as \"that's right\" it actually means that _[this\nis] in line with that_ ([言]{い}う[通]{とお}り - _as was said_ - no truth claimed).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-26T09:56:13.037",
"id": "57542",
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57529
|
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"body": "Which particle do I use to say that something is written somewhere? I googled\nboth versions and they have a similar number of hits. Can I use both? Is there\na difference between the two?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T16:27:08.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57530",
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"owner_user_id": "18408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "ここに書いた or ここで書いた?",
"view_count": 488
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is a huge difference.\n\n> 「ここ **に** 書{か}いた」\n\nIn this phrase 「ここに」 refers to \"on what object you wrote something\". It could\nbe in a notebook, on the chalk board, on the wall, etc.\n\n> 「ここ **で** 書{か}いた」\n\nThis talks about where the act of writing took place. In the library? On the\nbus? In a cafe?\n\nThus the two phrases are not interchangeable.",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-25T16:39:32.620",
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"body": "Said at the start of the summer holidays:\n\n> 「お役に立てて光栄です。丸尾スエオ **二学期も** がんばりますから、みなさんどうかよろしくいたします」 \n> It's an honour to be helpful. Maruo Sueo will do his best in the second\n> term too so thanks for your support everyone. \n> うやうやしく頭を下げた丸尾君のその心は、二学期の学級委員の選挙運動 **をも** 見据えていた。 \n> The mind of Maruo, who was respectfully bowing his head, was focused on the\n> election for class representative for the second term.\n\nIn the first part in bold (丸尾スエオ **二学期も** がんばります) I would have expected to see\nthe particle に (丸尾スエオ二学期 **にも** がんばります) \"Maruo will do his best **in** the\nsecond term too. Would this also be correct? If so, why can it be omitted?\n\nIn the second part in bold I was surprised to see をも. I thought も always\nreplaced を. What's going on here?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T17:58:06.493",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-を",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Other particles with も",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the first question, you can say 二学期は頑張ります, so you can say 二学期も頑張ります, too.\nYou can find lots of existing questions regarding は vs に vs には.\n\nも does not always replace を. The combination をも can be used to strongly\nemphasize the object it marks. The English equivalent of this をも is \"even\".\n\n> 彼の拳は岩 **をも** 砕く。 His fist even breaks a rock.\n\nThis をも is relatively literary. すら, まで, or stressed も is usually preferred in\nconversations.",
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57532
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"body": "I'm not sure how to translate this in English. Is there anyone who can help\nme? 価値観にとらわれない客観的な視点の研究. My problem is the verb torawarenai, for which I\ncannot find the best equivalent in English in this specific context. Thanks a\nlot!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-25T18:35:37.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57533",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How should I translate the verb torawarenai?",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "We can't give you a bulk translation, but we can give you some hints. \nThe given phrase with 価値観にとらわれない客観的な視点の研究 is not sufficient. \nIt will be easier to be understood if it is written like:\n\n * 価値観にとらわれない客観的な視点 **で** の **〇〇に関する** 研究.\n * 価値観にとらわれない、 **言い換えると、** 客観的な視点 **で** の **〇〇に関する** 研究.\n\nThe phrase is parsed as: \n{価値観にとらわれない ＋ 客観的な視点での} 〇〇に関する研究. \nNow, I think, you can translate the given phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"id": "57539",
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"body": "～にとらわれる (捕らわれる or 囚われる in kanji) in this context is \"to be hung up (on some\nidea)\", \"to be seized\", \"to be fettered\", etc. The \"bound\" thing is your\nunfettered thinking rather than your body. Usually 価値観にとらわれる can be simply\ntranslated as \"to be stereotyped\".\n\n> * 彼は形式に捕らわれて本質を見ていない。 \n> He worries too much about style and ignores the essence.\n> * 彼女は先入観に捕らわれている。 \n> She cannot think out of the box.\n>\n\nOf course 捕らわれる can also mean being physically captured/arrested, e.g.,\n捕らわれの姫君 (\"damsel in distress\").",
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"body": "Let's say I've just been food shopping with my girlfriend and I want to say\n\"give me the bag\" so that I can carry it for her. Could I just use 「くれて」, or\nwould I use something else?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-26T06:53:18.917",
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"id": "57540",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How would I say \"give me xyz\" without sounding too rude (or formal)",
"view_count": 3510
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{
"body": "You can simply say \"name of an object\" + 「頂戴」 in such case (for example,\n「ボールペン頂戴」 if you want her to give you a pen). This sounds friendly and\ninformal, but still not rude.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-26T10:13:09.433",
"id": "57543",
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"body": "if you're shopping and you want to ask waiter to show something you want,\n\nYou can use\n\n> xをください\n>\n> xをお願いします\n\nFor example:\n\n> これ **をください**\n>\n> この町の地図 **をください**\n>\n> ハンバーガーとサラダ **をお願いします**\n\nif you want to say _give me the bag_ in japanese when you're shopping.\n\nYou can just say\n\n> あのカバン **をください**\n\nin your sentence.\n\nyou also can take a look into other questions already asked and their answers\nin Stackexchange.\n\n[How to actually order fast\nfood?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57234/how-to-actually-\norder-fast-food)\n\n[Why is 翼をください translated as \"Please give me\nwings\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/58733/why-\nis-%E7%BF%BC%E3%82%92%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%95%E3%81%84-translated-as-\nplease-give-me-wings)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-05-25T12:22:52.227",
"id": "58972",
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"body": "You could use (please give me)\n\n> ください\n```\n\n object + を + ください\n \n```\n\nEg ... (please may i have that)\n\n> それをください",
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"creation_date": "2018-05-25T16:00:07.553",
"id": "58976",
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"body": "Well, I guess the most \"normal\" saying is that you say something like:\n\n**ｘをください ｘをお願いします**\n\nBut what I usually say with my wife (日本人) is something along the lines of:\n\n**ｘをあげてください**\n\nI know it's probably not the best and most accurate saying, since it also\nchanges with the social relation of the speaker/listener, but this was always\nunderstandable for all 日本人 I talked to (her parents, only know 日本語, relatives,\netc.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-24T19:47:24.727",
"id": "59691",
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"body": "Since you are trying to take over a heavy bag from your wife, I'd think more\nappropriate expressions are:\n\n * `バッグ` (bag): combined with a hand gesture, just saying \"bag\", maybe just `ん`, or even not saying anything at all, communicates the right message. I prefer this the best, because the terseness shows that you and she are on the same wave length that doesn't nee too many words, which is generally seen as a sign of a long intimate relationship. otherwise known as 阿吽(あうん)の呼吸\n * `持つよ` ([I will] carry [it]) `頂戴(ちょうだい)` (pass [it to me]): similar terse forms that just uses a verb and omits everything else. This works, too.\n * `下さい` (please give [it to me]): a slightly formal word like this, when combined with exaggerated intonation, can add playfulness. \n\nI don't think くれて in a grammatically correct Japanese in this context, though\nthere's くれてやって/くれてやんな, which is more blunt/aggressive form that translates to\nsomething like \"just give it up already\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-25T05:03:30.877",
"id": "59703",
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"body": "I understand that you are asking for a casual command form, but I have found\nthe expression\n\n> 持とうか / 持ちましょうか\n\nto be the most useful because you can confirm that they want you to carry it\nby just saying this first, or you can assume they want you to by saying this\nwhile reaching for the bag.\n\nIn the context of carrying a bag for a girlfriend, I don't see why ください or any\nvariation of it would be necessary if spoken with normal tone (i.e., excluding\nthe usage Kawaguchiさん describes).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-06-25T07:02:40.873",
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"body": "I was wondering how could someone express the idea of \"Bias for action\",\nespecially in the sense of it being a specific _character trait_ for someone.\n\nHere is a succinct description of what I mean with \"Bias for action\" from\n[defmacro.org](http://www.defmacro.org/2016/12/22/models.html):\n\n> * **Bias for action** - in daily life many important decisions are easily\n> reversible. It's not enough to have information - it's crucial to move\n> quickly and recover if you were wrong, than to deliberately indefinitely.\n>\n> **Idiom:** One test is worth a thousand expert opinions. \n> **Idiom:** The best thing you can do is the right thing, the next best\n> thing is the wrong thing, and the worst thing you can do is nothing. \n> **Note:** The best people do this naturally, without brooding, and with a\n> light touch.\n>\n>\n\nMy Calligraphy teacher (who is Japanese) suggested \"即決即断\" (which is close\nenough, and has also the nice benefit of being expressed using Kanji alone,\nwhich is a plus for me) but I wonder if there is any alternative that may be\neven more appropriate.",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to express the \"Bias for action\" concept",
"view_count": 115
}
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[
{
"body": "即断即決 is probably not wrong, but I think the following\nproverbs/idioms/catchphrases directly describe this concept (unfortunately\nnone is kanji-only):\n\n * [案ずるより産むが易し](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%A1%88%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8B%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E7%94%A3%E3%82%80%E3%81%8C%E6%98%93%E3%81%97) \n(literally) It's easier to bear a child than to worry about it.\n\n * やればわかる \nIf you do it, you understand it.\n\n * やってから悩め / やってから考えろ / 考える前に(まず)行動せよ \nWorry/Think after doing it.; Act before thinking.\n\n * 頭より手を動かせ\n\nTo describe someone's trait, you can say 即断即決型の人, 考える前に行動する人, 実践派の人, etc.\n行動派の人 should work too when it's contrasted with 慎重派の人/理論派の人.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-26T17:35:46.877",
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"body": "> まるで腹を空かせた野良犬が飛び掛るかのように、性急で品性に欠けた仕草が目立った。\n\nAll I can translate is: \"Just like a hungry dog she jumped about....\" and\nmaybe \"a gesture that stands out\" at the end.\n\nAs for the questions: 1) why is 腹を空かす used with the potential form? 2) I don't\nunderstand this part \"性急で品性に欠けた\". A character that lacks impatience? It should\nbe the other way around, so I must get it wrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-26T14:25:50.980",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Trying to understand this sentence",
"view_count": 172
}
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[
{
"body": "Um, looks like you have almost forgotten that が is a subject marker... 野良犬\n**が** 飛びかかる means \"a stray dog leaps\", not \"she leaps\". 仕草 **が** 目立った is \"the\nmotion stood out\", not \"the motion that stood out.\"\n\n 1. 空かせる is the causative form of 空く (\"to become empty; to become less crowded\"). 腹を空かせた犬 is literally \"a dog that have made its stomach empty\", thus simply \"a hungry dog\". You can also say 腹が空いた犬.\n 2. 性急で and 品性に欠けた both modify 仕草. Keep in mind that 性急 is a na-adjective, and that で connects two verbs/na-adjectives but not two nouns. This cannot be interpreted as \"lack impatience\".\n\n> まるで腹を空かせた野良犬が飛び掛るかのように、性急で品性に欠けた仕草が目立った。 \n> (Literally) Like a stray dog that made its stomach empty leaps (on\n> something), (her?) hasty and dignity-less motions stood out.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-26T15:49:22.023",
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{
"body": "In regards to your first question, in this context 空{す}かせる is the _causative_\nform of 空｛す｝く.\n\nAs for your second question, it is important to realize that the word 仕草{しぐさ}\nis the subject of the sentence, and is modified by everything that came before\nit.\n\nSo, let's start with\n\n> 仕草{しぐさ}が目立｛めだ｝った\n\nIt means, \"the gestures stood out/were conspicuous.\" What kind of gestures?\n\n> **性急｛せいきゅう｝で品性{ひんせい}に欠{か}けた** 仕草が目立った\n\nThe gestures are impatient (性急) and (で) lacked dignity (品性にかけた). The sentence\nis made even more vivid with a simile:\n\n> **まるで腹を空かせた野良犬が飛び掛るかのように** 、性急で品性に欠けた仕草が目立った。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-26T15:50:15.773",
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57548
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"body": "Alright, so when asking if someone wants something do you always use ほしがっています?\nSpecifically, I'm thinking when you're trying to communicate with someone that\ncannot communicate back what they want. (Example: Does my dog want a bone?) or\n(Does baby want a bottle?) Could you say 私のいぬがほねをほしがっていますか。？？Or\n赤ちゃんはほんゆうびんをほしがっていますか。I know expressing desires is kind of tricky.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-26T15:54:05.793",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "When asking if someone wants something. . .",
"view_count": 2347
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"body": "Not always.\n\nほしがっていますか？ works when you ask if it's simply the case or not ( **edit: in this\ncase, it means \"is he asking for?\", not directly \"does he want?\"** ) except\nsome cases where essential difference between \"want\" and \"ほしがる\" does harm.\n\nOn the other hand, when you have judged that someone should want something\nfrom the situation and try to confirm it, you say ほしいのですか？ with のだ form.\n\nEdit: I'm going to explain about \"difference between \"want\" and \"ほしがる\".\n\nSince ほしがる basically means \"to show one's desire\", it produces these\ndifferences.\n\n * 水がほしい人いますか？ : Anybody wants some water?\n * 水を欲しがってる人いますか？ : Did you find anyone want some water? (or \"Among you, is there anyone itching to have some water? (Then, I'll punish you)\")\n\nSo, ～がる doesn't really work as it would be from learner's viewpoint in these\nexamples.\n\n * （その人は）欲しがったから買ったのだ: He bought it because he asked for / because someone else wanted\n * この子は将来医者になりたがってます: He is itching to become a doctor in future",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "In my grammar dictionary, it gives the example\n\n> あのステーキはおいしそうだった\n\nbut under the notes it goes on to say that 「そうだ」 can not be used with regards\nto past events or states.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-27T01:57:14.217",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"tense"
],
"title": "Is おいしそうだった grammatical?",
"view_count": 810
}
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[
{
"body": "When you describe \"It looked like delicious\" in Japanese, you can say like\n「おいしそうだった。」.\n\ni-Adj/na-Adj + そうだった = looked like (adjective)\n\nEx: \n**おいし** そうだった。 (i-Adjective) \n**悲{かな}し** そうだった。 (i-Adjective) \n**面白{おもしろ}** そうだった。 (i-Adjective) \n**便利{べんり}** そうだった。（Na-Adjective) \n**静{しず}か** そうだった。（Na-Adjective)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-05-08T05:24:30.500",
"id": "58449",
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{
"body": "To answer your original question in the title (tl;dr), **yes**. The phrase is\nproper grammar.\n\nLet's break this sentence up a bit:\n\n> あのステーキは[美味]{おい}しそうだった。 \n> That steak looked delicious.\n\nWhat you're probably confused about was the そうだった part.\n\nIt's probably easier to look at the part after the particle by splitting it\ninto `adjective + 〜そう` _and then_ `だった`, which is the simple past form for だ.\nTherefore, the above sentence is really just a past form for this:\n\n> あのステーキは[美味]{おい}しそうだ。 \n> That steak looks delicious.\n\nI think that the dictionary mentions the point of そうだ being inapplicable to\ndescribing the past is probably because you'd then have to conjugate そうだ into\nそうだった.\n\nIn addition, if you just look up `そうだ` in the dictionary, it can also be used\nand understood as something along the lines of \"that's right\".",
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"creation_date": "2018-07-07T15:44:17.120",
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58449
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Take the sentence 「私は老人でもそんなことまだできるよ」. At first glance, I would translate this\nas \"Even **if** I were an old person, I could still do those things\", implying\nthat I am not yet old.\n\nBut could I not also translate it as \"Even **though** I am an old person, I\ncan still do those things\", implying that I am old? And if so, in this case I\ncould replace it with のに or けれど etc., correct?\n\nAnother example: 「雨が降っても行く」 means \"Even if it rains, I will go\". If I changed\nit to 「雨が降っても行った」, does this now mean \"Even though it rained, I went\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T03:54:05.520",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"nuances",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Apart from meaning \"even if\", does 「ても・でも」 also mean \"even though\"?",
"view_count": 491
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you're still young, this sentence should be 私 **が** 老人でもそんなことできるよ because 私\nis not the topic of the sentence.\n\nIf you're actually already old, usually you have to say 私は老人だけどそんなことまだできるよ.\n\nActually, でも is sometimes used to make a contrast between two things or facts,\nlike けど or \"even though\". Here are examples taken from 明鏡国語辞典 第二版:\n\n> * 表面は穏やかでも、内心は分からない。 \n> ≒ 表面は穏やかだけど、内心は分からない。 \n> ( _Even though_ he looks calm superficially...)\n> * 昔は貧乏でも、今は裕福だ。 \n> ≒ 昔は貧乏だったけど、今は裕福だ。 \n> ( _Even though_ I was poor in the past...)\n>\n\nHowever this pattern is not directly applicable to your sentence. These\nsentences compare 表面 vs 内面, or 昔 vs 今, using two は. 私は老人でもそんなこと(は)できる sounds\nunnatural to me because you cannot directly compare 私 and そんなこと. Something\nlike \"年齢は70歳でも肉体は50歳だから、そんなことはまだできる\" would be fine.\n\nても in 雨が降っても行った is plain \"if\". The sentence means \"Even if it had rained, I\nwould have gone (anyway).\" This implies it did not rain in reality.",
"comment_count": 2,
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57561",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've run into the expression 嗜み quite often lately, mostly in the form of\n\"XXXの嗜み\", like 大人の嗜み or メイドの嗜み\n\nGoogling around, I think I understand that it means something along the lines\nof \"what you should know as XXX\", but I'm not quite sure I get all the nuances\nof the word.\n\nCould someone explain to me the scope of 嗜み and in what situation I might use\nthe word?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T12:22:31.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57560",
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"owner_user_id": "27499",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 嗜み（たしなみ）",
"view_count": 241
}
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[
{
"body": "嗜み means two different things:\n\n 1. hobby; enjoyment as an amateur\n 2. what you should know to be a refined X; basic knowledge/experience for X\n\nSo 大人の嗜み can refer to either:\n\n * hobbies only adults can enjoy (e.g., wine and cigarette. See [this article](https://gakumado.mynavi.jp/freshers/articles/47871) for example)\n * what you should know/have as a mature adult (See [this article](https://stylestore.jp/note/detail/3054) for example)\n\nメイドの嗜み almost certainly refers to \"what you should be able to do as a maid\"\nbecause \"hobby (only) for maids\" doesn't make much sense to me.\n\nThe verb version, 嗜む, also means two things, \"to casually enjoy something as a\nhobby\" and \"to have the basic knowledge/experience on something\".\n\n嗜む/嗜み is an elegant word that is typically used with uncommon \"upper-class\"\nactivities like 乗馬, テニス, チェス, ピアノ and 生け花. Saying アニメを嗜む is not wrong but may\nsound a little funny.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T12:54:25.277",
"id": "57561",
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57560
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57561
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57561
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{
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"body": "I am reading a manga and I happened to read these sentences:\n\nお前さん、 **起きておくれよ** 。\n\n遅くなるといけないから、早く商いに **行っておくれ** 。\n\nWhat does the structure ～ておくれ mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T12:55:55.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57562",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-27T13:03:52.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18269",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax",
"て-form"
],
"title": "I don't understand て-form + おくれ structure",
"view_count": 558
}
|
[] |
57562
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57585",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do I use あまり and そんなに in negative sentences? It would be a great help if\nit was explained with various examples of あまり vs そんなに.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T17:09:32.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57563",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-27T19:09:05.477",
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"owner_user_id": "29330",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between あまり and そんなに? Are they always interchangable?",
"view_count": 2513
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, I don't think they mean exactly the same, there's a difference\nnot only in usage, but in the nuance it brings...\n\n> あまり or あんまり - Much\n>\n> そんなに - That much, to that extent.\n\nWhile あまり is used to simply state that you cannot perform something very well\n\nI think that そんなに is kind of a \"comparison\", there is an established standard\nto that action that you're supposed to perform, and you're stating that you\ncan or cannot perform it to that established point/extent.\n\nExamples:\n\n**あんまり:**\n\n> その新しいゲームやったことある？ - Sono Atarashii Geemu Yatta koto aru? ( **have you already\n> played that new game?** ).\n>\n> ごめん、ゲームのことは **あんまり** わからない。 - Gomen, Geemu no koto wa anmari wakaranai. (\n> **Sorry, I don't understand much about games.** )\n\n**そんなに:**\n\n> ドイツ語で本が書けますか？ - Doitsugo de Hon ga kakemasu ka? ( **Can you write a book in\n> German?** )\n>\n> もちろん、僕は書けないよ。僕はまだ **そんなに** 上手じゃないよ。 - Mochiron, Boku wa kakenai yo. Boku wa\n> mada, sonna ni jouzu janai yo. ( **Of course I cannot write it. I'm still\n> not that fluent.** )",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T18:02:08.550",
"id": "57564",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "**Update: as Chocolate-san pointed in the comment, this answer is wrong. I\ndidn't realize which part そんなに would apply to (probably thought of そんな). Not\nsure if I have to remove it, please feel free to do so.**\n\n* * *\n\nSince you mention negative sentences specifically, it seems that you are\ntrying to translate into Japanese something like \"It's not _that much_\ninteresting\", and puzzling why そんなに doesn't fit.\n\nIn a negative sentence そんなに means _that much not X_ in a sense _not X beyond\nexpectation_ , while あんまり simply means _not much X_ , thus they are not\ninterchangeable. Consider the following dialogue:\n\nA:「 **そんなに** [面白]{おもしろ}くない[映画]{えいが}を[観]{み}たいの？」- Do you want to see the movie\nthat is **that much** uninteresting?\n\nB:「 **あんまり** [面白]{おもしろ}くないけど、[主人公]{しゅじんこう}はかっこいい」- Though it's not **that\nmuch** interesting, the main character is cool.\n\nNote that A evaluates the movie as a total waste and beyond (how a movie can\never be that much uninteresting?), while B suggests that the movie may still\nbe somewhat interesting (though not that much interesting).",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-28T23:40:21.347",
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57563
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57564
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{
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"body": "> ロシアは、イギリスの事件とは **何も** 関係がないと言っていて、これからどうするか決めると言っています。 \n> Russia says that they have no connection to the incident in the UK, and say\n> they are deciding what to do next.\n\nI can't understand the function of 何も in this sentence. I'm sure that I'm\nwrong, but it doesn't seem to be needed to me. I can't fit it into the\nsentence grammatically, or give it a useful meaning.\n\nI wonder if it's the same as in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/47789/7944). If so then please\nclose as duplicate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T20:35:03.300",
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"id": "57566",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 何も in this sentence",
"view_count": 391
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ロシアは、イギリスの事件{じけん}とは **何{なに}も** 関係{かんけい}が **ない**\n> と言{い}っていて、これからどうするか決{き}めると言っています。」\n\n「何も」 when used in conjunction with a negative expression (「ない」 in this case)\nsimply means \" ** _not anything_** \" or \" ** _nothing_** \".\n\nThis 「何も」 is completely different from the 「何も」 in the other question that you\nlinked to. This one is pronounced 「なにも{LHH}」 and the other, 「なにも{HLL}」\n\nThe function of this 「何も」 is to mainly emphasize the following phrase 「関係がない」.\nAn English equivalent would be \"Nothing vs. absolutely nothing\". Both mean\n\"zilch\", but you do use the latter quite frequently as well.\n\n> \"Russia says that it has absolutely nothing to do with the incident in\n> England and ~~~.\"\n\nOther examples:\n\n「やった～！今日{きょう}は **何も** 宿題{しゅくだい}がない。」= \"Yay! There is (absolutely) no homework\ntoday.\"\n\n「このレストランには **何も** おいしいものがない。」 = \"There is (absolutely) nothing yummy in this\nrestaurant.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-27T23:18:10.353",
"id": "57568",
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57566
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"I moved two years ago\" would be 二年前に引っ越した I think, but if I want to say after\nx time, would I use に？E.g. 四日後に, or is it not required?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T02:54:06.277",
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"id": "57570",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particles"
],
"title": "Is に required after 後？",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "In your examples, に is optional both after `～前【まえ】` and `～後【ご】`. You can drop\nに and say 2年前引っ越した and 2年後引っ越すつもりです, although these sound relatively informal.\n\nNote that when these words mean \"before/after ～\" rather than \"～ ago/later\",\nthe particle choice may be more tricky. See: [後で vs. 前に- Why not the same\nparticle?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16269/5010) and [What's the\ndifference between に and で when speaking of time of an\naction?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/685)",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-28T05:44:00.207",
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57570
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57572",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As the title says, what is the difference between these two words? Do they\nboth mean \"to wear [clothes]\"? When would it be appropriate to use one over\nthe other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T03:35:17.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "29335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Difference between 着用する and 着る",
"view_count": 234
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 着用する is more formal because it's a Sino-Japanese word. 着用する is almost never used in daily conversations. It is typically used in formal invitation letters, scientific articles, etc.\n * 着る is only for something you put on like shirts. 着用する can be generically used also with socks, skirts, hats, glasses, necklaces, etc. (But please don't overuse 着用!)\n\nSee Also\n\n * [Is there a general/default word for \"to wear\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4965/5010)\n * [Mnemonic to remember different \"to wear\" verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/50300/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-28T03:50:07.057",
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"score": 1
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57571
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57572
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"body": "Example from a 2017 website:\n\n> 数多の数ある猫種、是非お気に入りの猫ちゃんを見つけて下さい。\n\nQuestion: In what order of magnitude would you expect the number to be?\n\nOr, since it probably depends on the context, what would the closest English\nexpression be?\n\n * A few ...\n * A small number of ...\n * A decent number of ...\n * A large number of ...\n * A surprisingly large number of ...\n * A inconceivably large number of ...\n * other?\n\n_Also spelled \"あまたの数\"._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T12:13:07.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57574",
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"last_editor_user_id": "107",
"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"quantifiers"
],
"title": "How many is 数多の数?",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "In my opinion, \"a large number\" is simplest and best in this case.\n\nHowever, I think it's impossible to put an objective magnitude on it because\nit's always going to be a relative term. Just as in English, \"a lot\" could be\nbasically any number depending on what the context is. But since we are\nspecifically talking about cats, and there is generally considered to be\naround 50 breeds of cat in existence, I think we can use \"a large number\"\nbecause it offers prospective owners a large variety of options to choose from\nwhen deciding on their desired breed of cat.\n\nOn a side note, is 猫種 actually a word? Sure the meaning is clear, but this\nterm is not listed in several dictionaries I tried, such as\n[here](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%8C%AB%E7%A8%AE) at Weblio.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-28T12:38:38.560",
"id": "57575",
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{
"body": "あまたの～ is a literary way to say \"a vast number of ～\". The exact number can be a\nmillion or a hundred depending on the context, but it's stronger than たくさんの,\nanyway. If this is an ad of a pet shop, I would feel they are quite confident\nabout the variety of cats.\n\nYou can say あまたの猫種, あまたある猫種 or 数ある猫種, but I feel 数多の数ある猫種 is a little strange.\n[数ある on its own means\n\"many\"](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%95%B0%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B), so it sounds like\n\"a vast number of many kinds of cats\" to me. BCCWJ has more than 100 entries\nof あまたの/数多の, but no example of あまたの数/数多の数.\n\nThe page you linked says あまた is a 熟字訓, which I agree. 数多の数 should be read\nあまたのかず.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T12:45:00.930",
"id": "57576",
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"body": "In the sense of \"I don't want to say ___\" or \"can't say\". E.g. 悪い事いわない.\n\nCan you use 言えない instead? Any difference in subtlety? Or is this strictly only\nfor really being unable to physically say something (e.g. mouth gagged) as\ncompared to being unable to comment on something one is uncertain about?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T15:08:27.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57577",
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"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "とは言わない ｖｓ とは言えない？違いは？ To wa Iwanai vs To wa Ienai differences?",
"view_count": 1480
}
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[
{
"body": "Generally, 言えない is just \"(someone) cannot say something\", and 言わない is just\n\"(someone) doesn't/won't say it\". The reason for 言えない can be anything; it can\nbe physical, mechanical, mental or social.\n\nSpecifically,\n[悪いことは言わない](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%82%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E8%A8%80%E3%82%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nis an idiomatic set phrase you need to remember. This 言わない is not\ninterchangeable with 言えない.\n\n悪いことは言えない is of course grammatical, too, but it's not an idiomatic expression\nat all. It just means \"I cannot speak ill of (someone/something).\" For\nexample, if you're a professional athlete sponsored by a company, you may want\nto say スポンサーについて悪いことは言えない. This is an example of 言えない for a social reason.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-28T15:31:53.960",
"id": "57579",
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{
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"body": "I encountered the te-form before a noun in the lyrics below:\n\n> 見つめあなたの表情 (Staring at your expression) \n> 隠して明星ギャラクティカ (Hide the Morning Star Galactica) \n> そのときめいた気持ちが未知だって \n> 手探りでいいから\n\n(full lyrics available [here](https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/37300.html))\n\nI'm not sure if the 隠して is:\n\na. modifying the noun after it (hiding)\n\nb. a request (hide)\n\nc. modifying the noun 表情 from the previous line (Morning Star Galactica,\nhiding your expression)\n\nI'm leaning towards b or c, because I've never seen gerund form modify a noun\nlike that before. Help is appreciated -- thanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T15:54:43.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57580",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-28T16:03:31.447",
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"owner_user_id": "29341",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Can te-form be used to modify a noun?",
"view_count": 1727
}
|
[
{
"body": "In general, te-form does not directly modify the following noun like an\nordinary relative clause. If you did find \"te-form + noun\" in lyrics, patterns\nI often see are:\n\n 1. The noun is a vocative expression \n * 教えて先生 (≒先生、教えて！)\n * 助けて神様 (≒神様、助けて！)\n 2. The noun modifies the verb (as an object or an adverbial expression) rather than the verb modifying the noun. [Hyperbaton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaton). \n * 聞いてこの話 (≒この話 **を** 聞いて)\n * [呼んでマイネーム](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a04d1f0/l00b122.html) (≒マイネーム **を** 呼んで)\n * [来て来てサンタモニカ](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a0009b5/l0031c3.html) (≒サンタモニカ **に** 来て)\n 3. The noun appears totally independent from the verb. The [\"sentence\" ends with the te-form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11950/5010). \n * [追いかけて雪国](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a000457/l005d96.html)\n * [泣いて港町](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a001ec6/l0034cc.html)\n * [咲いてジュエル](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a05b73b/l03b292.html)\n\nSo, we have to examine the context carefully to determine whether 明星ギャラクティカ is\na subject or an object of 隠して. In your case, I feel this 隠して明星ギャラクティカ is\npattern 1 or 3 above. \"Morning Galactica, hide your face/expression!\"\n\nReasons:\n\n * In this context, 表情を隠して makes more sense than 明星を隠して, because the following line is \"even if your feeling is unknown...\".\n\n * There is a similar pattern in this song, which I think is easier to understand:\n\n> 見つめあなたの表情／照らして明星ギャラクティカ \n> 見上げたあなたの 瞳が 宇宙が／キラキラって光る\n\nObviously the star is lighting the face, not the other way around.",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-28T16:50:51.357",
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57580
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57582
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57582
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"body": "I'm talking about using them at the start of the sentence, meaning \"so\" or\n\"therefore\".\n\n「今日は暇だ」 「だから、映画でも見に行こう?」/「なので、映画でも見に行こう?」\n\nI'm assuming that the difference is simply the same as the difference when\nthey are used as a conjunction in the middle. That is to say, なので is slightly\nmore objective and polite.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T16:13:02.463",
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"id": "57581",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the difference between だから and なので",
"view_count": 231
}
|
[] |
57581
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm going over the entry for のだ in my grammar dictionary, and I pretty much\nunderstand the meaning, but I'm unsure about casual question forms:\n\n * んだ (male) / の (female) んだい? (male) / の? (female)\n\nTwo examples:\n\n> 「今行くの？」(f)\n>\n> 「今行くんだい?」(m)\n\nThe female form I am okay with. But I have never heard だい before, and I\nremember being told that it's very uncommon. I think males might simply say\n\n> 「今行くんだ？」\n\nAm I correct? But I've read that this can sound too interrogative or\naccusatory if the intonation is not right, so how would I say it properly?\n\nFinally, I've seen のか, what is the difference? Is it feminine?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-28T22:13:19.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57584",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is it rude to ask a question that ends with だ?",
"view_count": 725
}
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[
{
"body": "\"今行くんだい?\" looks highly unnatural to me regardless of gender/situation.\nSentence-end だい in questions appear _mainly by males in fiction_ and _always\nwith an interrogative_ , e.g., \"何故だい?\" or \"誰だい?\" (This い is a [sentence-end\nparticle](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/9100/meaning/m0u/). You can say\n\"行くか?\", \"行くのか?\" and \"誰だ?\" but usually not \"行くだ?\" or \"誰か?\" in conversation,\nright?)\n\n\"今行くんだ?\" is a natural and casual way of expressing surprise and saying \"(Oh,)\nyou're going now?\" It's not particularly masculine in real-world conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T01:33:06.817",
"id": "57612",
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{
"body": "From [Tae Kim's grammar\nguide](http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/sentence_ending):\n\n> かい and だい are strongly masculine sentence endings for asking questions. かい\n> is used for yes/no questions while だい is used for open-ended questions.\n\nI believe that guide covers everything you mentioned in your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-02T00:36:34.050",
"id": "93256",
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{
"body": "It is not necessarily rude to ask a question that ends in んだ or のだ (Both are\nthe same, by the way). And, neither are gendered. The reason ん/のだ can sound\ninterrogative is because it carries an air of presumption about what you're\nasking.\n\n> 今行くの？ = Are you going now?\n\n> 今行くんだ？ = So, you're going now?\n\nBoth are functionally the same, but the former is asking, up front, if the\nother person is going or not, while the second already _assumes_ the person\n_is_ leaving, and is merely checking.\n\nAs for のか, it is not gendered, either. In fact, のか can be pretty different\nfrom just か/ですか/の. I would read [this\nthread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18613/what-is-the-\nmeaning-of-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B-and-how-does-it-differ-from-%E3%81%8B) here on\nit. But, assuming it is being used in a non wh-question, _and_ does not appear\nin the middle of sentence (aka it is being used as a sentence-ending\nparticle), the best way to describe it, I think, is to think of it as\nexpressing doubt, while ですか or の are more neutral.\n\n> 本当に面白いの？ = is [it] actually funny? (neutral)\n\n> 本当に面白いのか? = is [it] actually _that_ funny? (doubting)",
"comment_count": 0,
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57584
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57612
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"body": "30秒かかった or 30秒間かかった ?\n\n10分かかった or 10分間かかった?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T04:19:51.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57586",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-10T14:02:42.580",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Do 分 and 秒 take 間 if I am talking about duration?",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "if you are using \"kakatta\", a quick online search indicates that it is far\nmore common NOT to use 間 with that expression. However, 30秒間 and 10分間 are used\nin sentences where someone is describing how long to do something for. \"Look\nat this picture for 30 seconds.\" \"I walked for 10 minutes.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T22:38:46.777",
"id": "57607",
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"body": "On Weblio, I found several example sentences using\n[いくら取る](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89+charge).\nHowever, when I asked a similar question on\n[HiNative](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/7229968), a native speaker\nused the verb もらう in his/her answer. I suspect that it had something to do\nwith the verb I used in my question, which was in Mandarin Chinese since I had\nasked in English earlier and didn't get any reply. In the reply I got, the\nsentence was:\n\n```\n\n 店主は彼にいくらもらった？ How much did the shopkeeper \"receive\" from your boyfriend?\n \n```\n\nWhen I saw the reply, I realized that I probably didn't properly convey the\nidea of \"charging money\" in my question asked in Chinese on HiNative.\nThereafter, I raised another question there:\n\n```\n\n あの屋は君にいくらぐらい取った？ Roughly how much did the shop charge ya?\n \n```\n\nI used the verb 取る according to Google and Weblio, but two native speakers\nvoted \"I don't understand\" on this sentence. I suspect the problem lies either\nin a misuse of 屋－which I wrongly thought could represent the owner of a\nshop－or in the verb 取る itself.\n\n**The Question:**\n\nWhen speaking about how much someone charges you for something (e.g. a\nservice, a product), which one would be the right verb to use if I were to\ninclude the business owner as the subject of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T07:14:32.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57587",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T09:14:04.127",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-29T07:33:29.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "27674",
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Which verb is used for \"charge\": 取る or もらう",
"view_count": 564
}
|
[
{
"body": "What verb is most appropriate to use depends on where **_you_** as a\nspeaker/writer stand in regards to the transaction. Are you a third person? Do\nyou belong to the business/store? Or are you the customer?\n\nBe very careful with a verb like 「 **取{と}る** 」 when talking about a monetary\ntransaction. ( ** _In short, do not even use it!_** ) It can sound far more\ngreedy, aggressive, impolite, etc. than you seem to think. 「取る」 has the\novertone of \"to rip off\" at least to an extent.\n\nIf you are from the business, you would not want any customers to hear you use\nthe verb (so you would use it only with another person from the business).\n「取る」 is that negative a word in business. If you are the customer and you used\n「取られる/取られた」, it would sound as if you were unhappy about getting charged more\nthan you should have been.\n\nSince the customer is king in the Japanese-speaking world, however, customers\nactually can use 「取る/取られる」 in many cases without offending anyone, but if\nsomeone from that business/store used it openly, he would offend almost\neveryone including the other conscientious coworkers.\n\nSo, what are the good verbs here?\n\nFor the business side, those would be 「頂{いただ}く」、「頂戴{ちょうだい}する」、\n「（ご）請求{せいきゅう}する」, etc.\n\nFor the customer side, 「支払{しはら}う」、「お支払いする」、「納{おさ}める」, etc.\n\nWhat words the third parties should use depends on whose standpoint they are\nspeaking from. In other words, it depends on what the subject of the sentence\nis.\n\nThus, a third person would say:\n\n・「店主{てんしゅ}（or そのお店{みせ}）はそのお客{きゃく}さんにいくら **請求した** のですか。」 **_active_** voice\n\n・「そのお客さんはお店にいくら **請求された** のですか。」 **_passive_** voice\n\n「あの屋」 makes no sense, but I will not get into that here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T09:08:32.810",
"id": "57588",
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"score": 6
}
] |
57587
|
57588
|
57588
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57591",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend sent me an image of a bookmark and I wish I knew what it said. If\nanyone can help me out, that would be great.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZNi7z.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T10:54:13.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57589",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T11:28:22.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's written on this bookmark?",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "It says 「竹{たけ}しおり」, which literally means \"bamboo bookmark\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T11:28:22.833",
"id": "57591",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T11:28:22.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "57589",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
57589
|
57591
|
57591
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that しまう means unintended action, or the completion of an action.\nHowever, recently I came across this usage in the comment section on a\nwebsite:\n\n```\n\n 遅くなってしまいすみません。\n \n```\n\nWhile I understand this sentence perfectly, one part of it puzzles me greatly.\nSo far, I've only seen ています, or てます where the い is omitted. Nonetheless, I've\nnever see a case where ます is omitted. Here's how I'd parse this sentence:\n\n```\n\n 遅い=>遅く\n なる=>なって\n しまう=>しまい（ます）\n +すみません\n \n```\n\nAfter some homework done, I believe てしまい/しまって+すみません/ごめんなさい/etc. is a common\nusage. However, I still can't figure out how ます is missing here. Could it be\nthat some other entirely different grammar is at play here? Please enlighten\nme. Thank you. (*Am I allowed to say thank you here?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T11:00:45.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57590",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T12:01:44.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27674",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Is ます omitted in \"てしまいすみません\"",
"view_count": 221
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「遅{おそ}くなってしまいすみません。」\n\nis a perfectly grammatical and natural-sounding sentence. Nothing is omitted.\n\nIn fact, it is ungrammatical to say:\n\n> 「遅くなってしまい **ます** すみません。」\n\n「しま **い** 」 is the 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of the subsidiary verb\n「しま **う** 」.\n\nSo, why is the 連用形 used? That is because the sentence does not end there. It\nstill continues on to say 「すみません」.\n\nAs you stated, there are a few ways to say \"Excuse me for (verb phrase).\"\n\n1) 「Verb + Subsidiary Verb in 連用形 + すみません」\n\n2)「Verb + Subsidiary Verb in te-form + すみません」\n\n3) 「Verb in te-form + すみません」\n\nThere is no difference in meaning between those three, but 1) sounds the most\nformal, followed by 2) and 3) in that order. The actual sentences will be:\n\n1) 「遅くなって **しまい** すみません。」\n\n2) 「遅くなって **しまって** すみません。」\n\n3) 「遅くなっ **て** すみません。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T11:40:34.570",
"id": "57592",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T12:01:44.203",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-29T12:01:44.203",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "57590",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57590
|
57592
|
57592
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57595",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is my translation of \"What are you cooking?\" in Japanese below correct?\n\n> 何を炊いている？\n\nAny inputs or feedback will be greatly appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T12:42:37.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57594",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T11:26:45.860",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-30T06:45:29.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "29215",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Asking \"What are you cooking?\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 3430
}
|
[
{
"body": "The most common phrase among the native speakers would definitely be:\n\n> 「何{なに}を作{つく}ってるの？」 informally\n>\n> 「何を作っているんですか？」 less informally\n\nThese can be used regardless of the cooking method -- boiling, stir-frying,\ndeep-frying, baking, etc.\n\nYour sentence:\n\n> 「何を炊{た}いている（の）？」\n\nis a little bit tricky, making your question a very good one. Why so?\n\nThat is because in many parts of Japan, including Tokyo, the only thing one\ncan 炊く is rice. In other words, the verb 「炊く」 is almost reserved for cooking\nrice. So, that sentence could sound strange to many.\n\nFor that reason, I thought of Kansai (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe) when I\nfirst read your sentence as 「炊く」 is used for boiling almost anything in\nKansai.\n\nEven in Kansai, however, you could _**not**_ say 「何を炊いてるの？」 to a person who is\ncooking something using an oven or frying something using a frying pan.\n\nThus, all in all, the safest verb choice would be 「作る」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T13:00:09.947",
"id": "57595",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-10T11:26:45.860",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57594",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
] |
57594
|
57595
|
57595
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57597",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the function of the \"と\" particle in this sentence?\n\n> 沢山手紙を書くからね, と.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T13:55:32.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57596",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T09:38:54.303",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T09:38:54.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "27610",
"owner_user_id": "27610",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Usage of と particle",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 沢山手紙{たくさんてがみ}を書{か}くからね, **と** 。\n\n＝\n\n> 『沢山手紙を書くからね。』 **と** 。\n\n≒\n\n> 『沢山手紙を書くからね。』 **と** 言{い}った/思{おも}った/書{か}いた, etc.。\n\nThis is the **quotative 「と」**.\n\n> Someone said/thought to himself/wrote, etc. \"I will write you many letters!\"\n\nWhat the actual action is and who that someone is, only the context will tell.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T15:21:04.550",
"id": "57597",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T15:44:15.353",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-29T15:44:15.353",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57596",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
57596
|
57597
|
57597
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't understand the meaning of 成叶 in that sentence:\n\n> ランドセル姿の成叶がいるんだぞ!?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T16:15:35.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57598",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T22:27:52.193",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-29T17:32:30.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "27056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 成叶 in ランドセル姿の成叶がいるんだぞ",
"view_count": 130
}
|
[
{
"body": "landoseru sugata no 成叶 ga irun da zo!? ...that is almost certainly some\nperson's name. because japanese kanji have so many readings, it's not easy to\nknow what the name might be, unless this is from a known manga/anime/novel\nwith a known character list... but assuming that IS someone's name, this\nsentence is pretty straightforward:\n\nThere's 成叶 ... wearing a child's school bag!?\n\nor possibly: 成叶 will be there wearing a child's school bag, you know!?\n\n(back pack, school bag, ruck sack, etc)\n\nwith no other context it's hard to know how exactly the sentence is meant to\nbe conveyed.\n\ndoing a quick search, I'm pretty sure those 2 kanji are the name \"Kanari\" or\npossibly \"Naruka\", if they are a name at all. If not I have no idea what word\nthey might be... Context would help a little.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T22:27:52.193",
"id": "57606",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T22:27:52.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "57598",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57598
| null |
57606
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57608",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "listening to a song lyric, I hear: あたしをしかってくれるひと … the only しかって I know well\nis \"scold\" ... but it doesn't make a lot of sense in the lyric. I typed しかう\n(thinking it might be a verb I don't know) into google, and google says it\nmeans \"to think\" ...but google doesn't offer any kanji form, so I can't\ncompare the word, and can't find any other website that offers a translation\nof しかう.\n\nit is from the first ending song of the recent anime _Karakai Jouzu no Takagi-\nsan_.\n\nthe lyrics up to that point are as follows:\n\n> ロマンティック 恋{こい}のアンテナは \n> romanitikku koi no antenna wa \n> My romantic love antenna\n>\n> 嵐{あらし}で何処{どこ}かへ飛{と}んでいった \n> arashi de dokoka e tonde itta \n> was blown away somewhere by a storm\n>\n> 嘘{うそ}でしょう 冷{つめ}たく遇{あしら}った \n> uso deshou tsumetaku ashiratta \n> \"I can’t believe you\" he said, spurning me coldly\n>\n> こしゃくなエクボに \n> koshaku na ekubo ni \n> his impudent little dimples\n>\n> ちょっと 心{こころ}が揺{ゆ}れてる \n> chotto kokoro ga yureteru \n> are making my heart flutter a little\n>\n> ホントは 本気{ほんき}であたしを \n> hontou wa honki de atashi wo \n> \"The truth is, you’re important to me\n>\n> 叱{しか}ってくれる大事{だいじ}な人{ひと} \n> shikatte kureru daijina hito \n> because you scold me so seriously.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T17:25:35.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57599",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-11T11:21:33.187",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-11T11:21:33.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "しかう、しかって、to think of? or to scold?",
"view_count": 253
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb would have to be 「{しか}る」; It ends in a 「る」 and not an 「う」.\n\n> 「あたしをってくれる人」\n\nliterally means:\n\n> \"a person/guy who scolds me (to my benefit)\"\n\nbut what that actually refers to is a **_mentor_** or **_big brother_** type\nof figure in Japanese culture. So, scolding is not all that is performed by\nthat person.\n\nNot sure how Google gets \"to think\", but it does not surprise me. I would not\nneed to be here if Google were trustable.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T22:52:29.373",
"id": "57608",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T22:52:29.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "57599",
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"score": 2
}
] |
57599
|
57608
|
57608
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How does the structure (potential form + ように) meaning \"in order to do\nsomething in the future\" differ from できるように \"have the ability to do something\nin the future\"?\n\nFor example:\n\n> たくさんことばが **覚えられるように** 、日本語の本を読んでいます。 \n> In order to learn a lot of words, I am reading books in Japanese.\n\nHow does this differ from:\n\n> たくさんことばが **覚えることができるように** 、日本語の本を読んでいます。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T18:08:58.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57600",
"last_activity_date": "2023-08-28T11:13:26.700",
"last_edit_date": "2023-08-22T11:18:03.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "25348",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does potential form + ように differ from できるように",
"view_count": 3054
}
|
[
{
"body": "oboerareruyou ni and oboerukoto ga dekiru you ni have no \"meaning\" difference.\nYou are literally saying the same thing. But it is far more natural to use the\npotential form plus you ni when describing wanting to be able to do something\nas a reason for why you are doing some other thing.\n\n\"tomodachi to isshou ni asoberareru you ni oyogu no renshuu shitemasu.\" is\nmore fluid and natural sounding than \"asoberu koto ga dekiru you ni\" in that\nsentence. Think of it like the difference between saying: \"so that I will be\nable to play\" vs the more natural: \"so I can play\"\n\n\"ga dekiru\" on the other hand, is most often used on its own, to make a\nspecial point of explaining something that you can do.\n\nwatashi wa piano hiku koto ga dekiru. As a simple declarative of ability. This\nis by far the most common usage of the \"ga dekiru\" pattern.\n\nI have heard \"ga dekiru you ni .... etc etc.\" before, but it's rare, and as\nfar as I can tell it's used mostly to strongly emphasize striving for the\nABILITY to do something, where that ability is the main goal... the difference\nbetween \"studying japanese so I can understand it\" and \"studying japanese so\nI'll be able to understand my wife's parents\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T21:36:34.963",
"id": "57605",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T21:36:34.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "57600",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Disclaimer: credits to\n[@user4092](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57600/how-does-\npotential-form-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-differ-\nto-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB#comment99648_57600)\nand [@Eiríkr Útlendi](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57600/how-\ndoes-potential-form-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-differ-\nto-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB#comment155030_57600)\n\n* * *\n\nThey are the same, except that the latter should be ことば **を** 覚えることが.\n\nIn the top version, 覚えられる is a descriptive verb meaning more like \"to be\nmemorizable\", which describes a quality of the words, which is why we have ことば\n**が** (as the subject of the descriptive verb):\n\n> ことば **が** 覚えられるように\n\nIn the bottom version, 覚える is an active verb meaning \"to memorize\", which\ndescribes the action of the agent in the sentence (presumably the speaker)\ndoing something with the words, which is why we should have ことば **を** (as the\nobject of the active verb):\n\n> ことば ~~が~~ **を** 覚えることができるように\n\nSeparately, putting たくさん on the front like this sounds odd. It seems more\nnatural to put that just before the verb (覚える or 覚えられる), since たくさん here\neffectively acts as an adverb.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2023-08-22T11:22:55.140",
"id": "100756",
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}
] |
57600
| null |
57605
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57604",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've heard/read countless sources explain that the Japanese used in anime is\nquite different from real world Japanese. However, I haven't seen an\nexplanation of what ways it's different (at least, not beyond pointing to\nspecific phrases/words that people in the real world rarely use, or simply\nsaying that it sounds \"unnatural\"). Is there an analogous English way of\nspeaking that is used in places, but normally sounds unnatural to English\nspeakers? Is there a more general explanation as to how Japanese in anime is\nunnatural sounding? Or is it really just common phrases/words that are rarely\nused in the real world?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T18:43:53.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57601",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-15T11:44:04.277",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-29T19:06:32.057",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20540",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"anime",
"role-language"
],
"title": "In what ways is the Japanese used in anime different from real world Japanese?",
"view_count": 1233
}
|
[
{
"body": "It very much depends on what anime. For example, an anime about daily life in\nthe modern world would have generally \"normal\" Japanese. Conversational\nsnippets sound totally normal, for the most part. You start to have\n\"unnatural\" Japanese when the writers, trying to make characters unique, give\nthose people special \"quirks\" such as always referring to themselves in the\nthird person. On occasion, in Japan, children will use this form of speech,\nusing their own names when talking about themselves: \"Yui likes apples very\nmuch!\" (spoken by the girl Yui) another \"quirk\" is \"gobi\" or sentence ending\nparticles. The standard word to indicate the end of a sentence is \"desu\" or\n\"da\" . But quirky anime characters are often given the habit of using special\n\"gobi\" unique to them. Squid Girl Ikamusume comes to mind.... she ends her\nsentences with \"degeso\". The word \"geso\" means \"dried tentacles\", or just\n\"tentacles\" if you're referring to the ones still attached to a living animal.\n\nI learned Japanese in college, but I learn new phrases and vocab from anime\nall the time, and find it very helpful for that. BUT, many people can tell\nthat I watch anime, in part because some phrases are rare, but also because\nmost of the characters I watch are female. As a result, sometimes I\nunintentionally use speech patterns that in Japan are used only by women. It's\nhard for me to give examples of this, because the only ones I know well enough\nNOT to use are the female \"atashi\" instead of generic \"watashi\", for \"I\" and\nusing the feminine \"wa\" to end sentences...\n\nThen, of course, you have anime set in other time periods, or in \"country-\nside\" areas, which the writers like to do so they can emphasize certain \"non-\nstandard\" accents or patterns of speech, such as the Osaka dialect, or Edo\nperiod Japanese, or similar. Trying to replicate that form of speech will\ndefinitely raise eyebrows.\n\nEdit: an English example of this is provided by the most recent seasons of\n\"The Walking Dead\". Set in America, the vast majority of characters speak\nnatural American English, but several characters have very quirky speech\nstyles. The King uses florid, prose-filled English that everyone can\nunderstand, but no other person would use normally. The Garbage people use\nclipped English that is understandable but not natural at all. The character\nEugene speaks with both a southern drawl and pseudo-intellectual vocabulary,\noddly phrased. If people tell you that \"Japanese in anime is different from\nreal world Japanese\" it is likely that they are referring to anime examples\nsimilar to these.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T21:19:57.530",
"id": "57604",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-15T11:44:04.277",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-15T11:44:04.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "29347",
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "57601",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
57601
|
57604
|
57604
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57603",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can you help me with this simple translation?\n\nこの正確な瞬間に Should be something like _in this very moment_ or _at this exact\nmoment_\n\n私が生きている Should be something like _I'm alive_\n\nIs it correct? Can you confirm it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T20:03:42.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57602",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T21:05:44.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29201",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji"
],
"title": "How to translate この正確な瞬間に - 私が生きている",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[
{
"body": "kono seikaku na shunkan ni\n\nAt this exact moment\n\nwatashi ga ikiteru\n\nI am alive\n\nlooks like you have the translation pretty accurately done. you could use the\nword \"precise\" instead of \"exact\", but that's a matter of synonymous\nchoices... What you've decided on, works fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T21:05:44.260",
"id": "57603",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-29T21:05:44.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "57602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57602
|
57603
|
57603
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57610",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am a beginner to Japanese and playing Pokémon has got me interested. I am\nlearning Katakana and wondering why in Pikachu it is «ピカチュウ» instead of\n«ピカチュ». Do you have any explanations or links to offer?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-29T22:52:42.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57609",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-08T09:46:34.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29351",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "Katakana - チュウ vs. チュ",
"view_count": 1512
}
|
[
{
"body": "チュウ is similar to チュ but pronounced with [a long vowel](https://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/what-are-sokuon-and-long-vowels.html). Some English\nspeakers seem to have difficulty distinguishing them, but they are very\ndifferent at least to the ears of native Japanese speakers.\n\nDo you already understand [the long vowel\nmarker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu)? Then ピカチュウ is pronounced\nthe same way as ピカチュー. Etymologically, this\n[チュウ](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%85%E3%81%86) is the Japanese\nversion of \"squeak\", the sound of mice/rat.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T01:10:00.560",
"id": "57610",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T01:10:00.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "57609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Pikachu, the famous Pokémon, derives its name from a combination of words. As\nyou've noted, in English, we write his name with one U at the end. However, in\nKatakana, you would write ピカチュウ (pikachū) instead. There are two main reasons\nwhy this is.\n\nThe first and more important reason, which explains the Katakana, is that\nピカチュウ is a made-up word of the combination of the onomatopoeic words ピカ and\nチュー.\n\n> ピカ = The sound a spark makes\n>\n> チュー = The squeak of a mouse\n\nピカ coincidentally also happens to be the name of a mouse-like animal in real\nlife and actually served as the original inspiration for the design of the\nPokémon ピカチュウ. Functionally speaking, チュウ and チュー are pronounced the same, and\nit's easy to see the correlation.\n\nThe second reason explains why in English it is Pikachu with only one U.\nSpoken Japanese has a generally short vowel duration, and it is common to see\nwords that have foreign origins such as English have their vowels extended\nbecause the sound of vowels in English is thought to be longer than the sound\nof vowels in Japanese, that is, if it is a two-vowel length sound in Japanese,\nit can easily be read as a single-vowel sound in English, and vice-versa.\nTherefore, チュウ and \"chu\" (in English) have about the same pronunciation\nlength.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T01:14:21.073",
"id": "57611",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T16:36:47.313",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "57609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "ピカチュウ is the long vowel of ピカチュ. In the beginning, you might not see the\ndifference, but with continuous practice, you'll see that the difference in\npronunciation is clear. Also, it can be pronounced ピカチュ for the sake of speed\ntalk, but most likely it's going to be pronounced ピカチュー. (It can be written\nwith － or ッ(small tsu).)\n\nEdit: Here's a video explaining it in more detail: [Katakana long vowels\n(YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6qSdlynjww)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T20:39:53.767",
"id": "57708",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-08T09:46:34.673",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-08T09:46:34.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "29351",
"owner_user_id": "29248",
"parent_id": "57609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57609
|
57610
|
57611
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate the main line \"どうして君を傷つけたのだろう\" from Yasushi\nNakanishi's song of the same name. Can this be \"Why would I possibly hurt you\n?\" Thanks !",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T03:12:47.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57613",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T03:38:38.277",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-30T03:37:31.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "13851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Translating a song lyric",
"view_count": 85
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, it means \"Why did I hurt you\" or \"I wonder why I hurt you\", meaning this\nperson actually hurt someone and is regretting what he did.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T03:38:38.277",
"id": "57614",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T03:38:38.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "57613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57613
|
57614
|
57614
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On page 82 and 83 of Japanese for Busy People II (third edition), there's the\nfollowing sentence (written mainly in kana with only a small amount of kanji)\n\nミルズ：ええ。じつはちょっとねつがあるんです。さっき薬を買ってきて飲んだんですが…。（ハクション）\n\nAnd a definition of じつは as \"actually\". jisho.org's\n[definition](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%AE%9F%E3%81%AF) only has notes of\n\"Expression, Adverb\", though when I played the sound for it in an app called\n\"Shirabe jisho\", it pronounced the は as a わ, presumably because is the\nparticle は.\n\nApart from playing the sound for a word, is there any way I could have looked\nup whether the \"は\" was a particle \"は\" or not, either from a dictionary or\nexamining the grammar of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T04:09:37.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57615",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T06:24:06.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "How can I tell if a は is the particle は and therefore should be pronounced わ?",
"view_count": 516
}
|
[
{
"body": "Only a few words contain \"は pronounced wa\" as part of their formal spelling,\nso it's best to memorize them and get used to them.\n\n * こんにちは, こんばんは\n * ならでは\n * では, それでは, もしくは, あるいは, または\n * ※ 実は, 要は, 実際は, 本当は ...\n * ※ [願わくは, 望むらくは, 惜しむらくは](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30245/5010) ...\n\nEtymologically, all of these は are thematic-wa.\n\n※: These are used like (sentence) adverbs, but they may or may not be single-\nword expressions. Some dictionaries seem to treat these as lexicalized 副詞\n(adverbs).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T05:14:16.127",
"id": "57616",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T06:24:06.017",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-30T06:24:06.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "57615",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
57615
| null |
57616
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57618",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> わたしは誰かに買いたかったものを買われた。\n\nHi there I’m slightly confused with this sentence means, and also why is 買いた\nused?isn’t the past tense for買う 買った？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T06:45:54.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57617",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T13:37:45.837",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-30T13:36:15.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29293",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Can someone translate this sentence please? Thanks in advance!",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「わたしは誰{だれ}かに買{か}いたかったものを買われた。」\n\nis, of course, a **_perfect_** sentence in every way.\n\n> why is 買いた used? Isn’t the past tense for 買う 買った？\n\n「買いた」 is not meant to be used as the past tense of 「買う」. Rather, 「買いたかった」 is\nthe past tense of 「買いたい」, which means \" ** _to want to buy_** \". So, 「買いたかった」\nmeans \" ** _wanted to buy_** \". Are you following this?\n\n「買いたかったもの」 means \"the thing that I (had) wanted to buy\".\n\nNext, 「買われた」.\n\nThat is in the **_passive voice_** form, commonly known as the \" ** _suffering\npassive_** \" in Japanese grammar. It means \" ** _was bought by another person\n(instead of you)_** \". You did not get it; You suffered.\n\nThus, as you already understand, the sentence means:\n\n> \"Someone bought the thing that I (had) wanted to buy.\"\n\nThe original is in passive voice as I stated, but it is not natural to say\nthis in passive voice in English. So, my translation above is in the active\nvoice.\n\nTo force the passive voice, however, it could be translated to:\n\n> \"The thing that I (had) wanted to buy was bought by someone (else).\"\n\nTrust me, you will keep encountering the suffering passive as long as you\nstudy Japanese.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T07:16:37.147",
"id": "57618",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T13:37:45.837",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-30T13:37:45.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57617
|
57618
|
57618
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57620",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 大谷選手がアメリカの大リーグの初めての試合でヒットを打つ \n> Ootani makes a hit in his first (ever) match in the American major league.\n\nI started wondering about when you can use 初めてのX. I understand はじめて means 'for\nthe first time', so I'm assuming this is his first ever game for America. If\nit was his first game in his **second** season for America, for example, would\n初めての試合 still be appropriate? If not, what would you say?\n\nMy guess is to use 最初の試合, but I really don't know. I saw [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/375/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AEx-hajimete-no-\nx-and-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%AEx-hajime-no-x) on the difference\nbetween 初めのX and 初めてのX, but I wonder where 最初 fits into this?\n\n[This question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6535/the-\ndifference-between-%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6-%E6%9C%80%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AB-\nand-%E6%9C%80%E5%88%9D) is also highly related but I'm not sure it quite\nanswers my question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T09:39:17.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57619",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T08:20:45.540",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T08:20:45.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"time"
],
"title": "What situations can 初めてのX and 最初のX be used in?",
"view_count": 202
}
|
[
{
"body": "short answer, you are correct about hajimete vs saishou. 初めてのX is the very\nfirst of X, singling X out as a special event, not taking any other future\nevents into account. 最初のX is the first X of potentially more than one, and the\nimplication is that more will likely follow. so, 初めての試合 can only be that\nperson's first ever match (or first ever match with a given team, as that\nwould be an acceptable event to label as a \"first ever\") but 最初の試合 would imply\nthe first match with at least one more match to come. And you would not use\n初めての試合 for his first match of the second season of the same league or for the\nsame team. 最初の試合 is the appropriate choice there.\n\nSpecial \"firsts\" always use the 初めて form: first kiss, first love, first time\nyou ever saw/heard/learned about X, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T10:11:17.513",
"id": "57620",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T10:11:17.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "57619",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57619
|
57620
|
57620
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For e.g. 安心するていうか。I saw this in an interview where the person expressed relief\nthat a certain place was available.\n\nIs there any nuance with just saying 安心する? This is one thing I can never seem\nto get. Adding extra words at the end that just seems redundant. Except that,\nていう seems to be added everywhere by everyone like a generic individual speech\ntick similar to Naruto's だってばよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T12:18:05.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57621",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-08T15:09:59.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Ending sentences with というか / ていうか",
"view_count": 1316
}
|
[
{
"body": "The grammatically valid use of というか / ていうか is when trying to convey that the\ninformation you're imparting comes from a source other than yourself.\n(Additionally the か part hints that further information or some sort of\nqualifier is coming next) BUT in modern Japanese, younger people will use\nthese forms as a way of emphasis and/or to sound like part of their in-group.\nSimilar to the way young Californians (used to? still?) say \"like\" when\ndescribing something someone was saying or doing: \"She was like, soo drunk! /\nCan you like, go over there, or something?\" .... Or similar to the way some\nCanadians might end their sentences with \"eh?\"\n\nAnother common reason for using というか / ていうか is to give the speaker time to\nthink of something further to say/organize their thoughts about whatever\nthey're talking about, and to let the listener know that something else is\ncoming, so that the speaker can maintain \"control\" of the conversation until\nthey've fully expressed their thoughts.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T15:42:17.977",
"id": "57622",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-30T15:42:17.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29347",
"parent_id": "57621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "In \"real-life\" informal conversations among us native speakers, we _**do\nnot**_ end sentences with だ/です/ます/します/しました/だった/でした, etc. nearly as often as\nJapanese-learners might expect us to or have actually been taught that we do.\n\n(Then again, native English speakers rarely speak English the way we are\ntaught that they do in Japan, either.)\n\nSo, how do we end sentences?\n\nWe often use sentence-ending particles and/or little phrases that just kill\nJapanese-learners because those words and phrases do not translate easily.\n\n「というか / っていうか / っつーか」(← three forms of the same phrase listed in the order of\nformality) is one of those phrases that we attach to statements to avoid\ndirectness, over-assertiveness, etc. In short, those are softeners.\n\n「っていうか」 has a meaning and function similar to those of \" _ **I mean**_ \" or \"\n_ **I mean like**_ \" in colloquial English.\n\n**Thus, 「安心するっていうか」 roughly means \"I feel, I mean like relieved.\"** I hope you\nare starting to understand how it would not be easy to teach this in a\nbeginning or intermediate Japanese course. That is real Japanese, but it is\nsimply too colloquial.\n\nAs you have rightly observed, 「というか / っていうか / っつーか」 is heard everywhere. If a\nnative speaker did not use this attachment, he would still say:\n\n * 「安心するよね。」\n\n * 「安心しますね。」\n\n * 「安心するわ。」\n\nVery few would just say 「安心する。」 in real life.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T15:50:11.887",
"id": "57623",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-08T15:09:59.850",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-08T15:09:59.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
57621
| null |
57623
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57637",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> こちらこそありがとうございます！ \n> 今後ともよろしくお願い致します♂️\n\nFirst sentence is fine. Second is tricky, I don't know exactly meaning. But my\nguess is, From now on we can be friends. is it correct and what is this male\nsymbol?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T22:25:49.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57625",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"greetings"
],
"title": "Help with translation of 今後ともよろしくお願い致します",
"view_count": 1588
}
|
[
{
"body": "Please let me answer here only about the last two characters at the end of the\nsentence.\n\nUnder my computer system too (OS X El Capitan), they appear separate, but on\nvery recent operating systems, they are supposed to be combined into one\nsingle [Man Bowing Deeply](https://emojipedia.org/man-bowing-deeply/) _emoji_\n(絵文字) character. This is a new feature introduced in Unicode...\n\nFor the technically-oriented people, here is a screenshot showing how the\nemoji is decomposed... As I already mentioned, it should appear as one\ncharacter in the upper field on more recent systems...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dnuhb.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T23:12:17.147",
"id": "57627",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-30T23:23:29.973",
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{
"body": "今後ともよろしくお願い致します is a set expression which can be used in various situations\nand can convey different nuances in meaning, depending on the context.\n\nSee some examples of sentences in:\n[Weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E4%BB%8A%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%82%88%E3%82%8D%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E3%81%8A%E9%A1%98%E3%81%84%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99).\n\nAbout the よろしくお願いします／よろしくお願い致します part, the topic has already been brought up\non this Japanese Language site:\n\n * [How to say よろしくお願いします in English?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/37182/how-to-say-%E3%82%88%E3%82%8D%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E3%81%8A%E9%A1%98%E3%81%84%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-in-english)\n\n * [What does よろしくおねがいします mean when departing?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/87/what-does-%E3%82%88%E3%82%8D%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E3%81%8A%E3%81%AD%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-mean-when-departing)\n\n * [When to use “どうぞよろしくお願い致します。” in a greeting?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18264/when-to-use-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%9E%E3%82%88%E3%82%8D%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E3%81%8A%E9%A1%98%E3%81%AD%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E8%87%B4%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-in-a-greeting)\n\nAnd since it is somehow a wish or a sincere request, and highly cultural, it\nis usually said while bowing more or less deeply at the same time.",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T10:11:09.253",
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] |
57625
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57637
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57627
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While watching an anime, I took note of the phrase にげるんだよ！, which the\ncharacter in question shouts as he is running away. From my research, the\nphrase can also be written as 逃げるんだよ！, but I haven't seen it as such in the\nnative Japanese sources I searched.\n\nI went on to analyze the sentence. にげる is a fairly straightforward translation\nto \"run away\" or \"escape.\" However, I failed to understand the purpose of the\nん character after it. だ also comes fairly straightforward, as the less polite\nform of です. Another particle I struggled with was the よ however, as from what\nI've found, it's a sentence ender that signifies the sentence contained new\ninformation or puts emphasis on it, which made little sense to me, given that\nthe だ is already an emphasis.\n\nMy questions are:\n\nWhat is the purpose of the ん character?\n\nDid I assume correctly that the よ character is there because the speaker\nwanted to give the sentence additional urgency?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-30T22:36:39.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57626",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T04:00:12.380",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T04:00:12.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29363",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"particle-よ"
],
"title": "Understanding a phrase - にげるんだよ",
"view_count": 757
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「逃{に}げるんだよ！」\n\nFirst of all, 「ん」 is the informal/colloquial form of 「の」.\n\n> 「Verb in Dictionary Form + のだ/んだ」\n\nmakes an earnest kind of request similar to an order.\n\n「の/ん」 often gives an explanatory and/or persuasive tone to what one says and\nthat is how it is functioning here as well. The shortest words can do so much\nsinglehandedly in Japanese.\n\n「逃げろ！」 is the simple imperative. There is no emotion/consideration expressed\nthere.\n\n「逃げるんだ（よ）！」 is more complex in that it expresses the speaker's good intention\nthat it would do good to the listener if s/he ran away.\n\nThe final 「よ」 adds extra emphasis to the speaker's judgement, assertion, etc.\nthat one should run away.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T00:20:46.960",
"id": "57628",
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"parent_id": "57626",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57626
| null |
57628
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have been searching all internet and haven't found an \"acceptable\" answer\nfor it yet. I hope you guys can help me!\n\nI was reading a text in the website KawaJapa about 分かる and the sentence\n日本語が分かる. As a matter of fact, わかる is 自動詞 and means something like\n\"understandable\" and not \"to understand\" which is transitive, so \"Japanese is\nunderstandable/comprehensible to me (私には)\".\n\nFollowing this line of thought, 見える would be the same: 富士山が見える, \"Fuji-san is\nvisible\". However, I was watching one lesson in Youtube from the channel\nNihongonomori about the uses of ために・ように and he gave two sentences that\nconfused me:\n\n> 1. 生徒 **が** 分かるように、ゆっくり話します。\n> 2. 彼 **が** 見えるように、手を振る。\n>\n\nI understand the meaning of both sentences, but if I analyze it based on what\nwas taught in Kawa Japa's website, then it doesn't make sense to me because\nboth sentences would sound like:\n\n> \"The students are understandable\" **and** \"he is visible\"\n\nWhen I know the sentences actually mean:\n\n> 1. \"so the students will understand...\" and\n> 2. \"so he sees (me)...\"\n>\n\nShouldn't the sentences be, for example:\n\n> 1. （テキストが）生徒 **に** 分かるように、ゆっくり話します。\n> 2. （私が）彼 **に** 見えるように、手を振る。\n>\n\nSo which sentence is more appropriate? Nihongonomori's\n\n> 1. 生徒 **が** 分かるように、ゆっくり話します。\n> 2. 彼 **が** 見えるように、手を振る。\n>\n\nor mine:\n\n> 1. （テキストが）生徒 **に** 分かるように、ゆっくり話します。\n> 2. （私が）彼 **に** 見えるように、手を振る。\n>\n\nI hope I could express my doubt in a clear way. Sorry for the big text.\n\nみんな、教えてください。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T01:20:24.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57629",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T14:53:44.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "29365",
"owner_user_id": "29365",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-を",
"potential-form",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "生徒が分かる and 彼が見える and Intransitivity",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 1. 生徒が分かるように、ゆっくり話します。\n>\n\n * **日本語が分かる** 。\n * 生徒が **日本語が分かる** ように、私はゆっくり話します。\n * 生徒が **日本語のテキストが分かる** ように、私はゆっくり読{よ}みます。\n * 生徒が **日本語のテキストが理解できる** ように、私はゆっくり読｛よ｝みます。\n\n> 2. 彼が見えるように、手を振る。\n>\n\n * **富士山が見える** 。\n * 彼が **富士山が見える** ように、私は彼を高台{たかだい}に案内｛あんない｝します。\n * 彼が **私が見える** ように、私は手を振る。\n * 彼が **私に気づく** ように、私は手を振る。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-31T01:54:51.300",
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"body": "生徒 **に** 分かるようにゆっくり話す and 生徒 **が** 分かるようにゆっくり話す are interchangeable. In short,\n`X + が + potential-form` can both mean \"X can do\" and \"one can do X; X is\ndoable\". (Consider わかる as a kind of potential verb.) You have to infer the\ncorrect interpretation from the context.\n\nUnsurprisingly, when X is an animate object the sentence tends to mean \"X can\ndo\", whereas when X is an inanimate object the sentence tends to mean \"X is\ndoable\". It's usually not difficult to determine the correct meaning in one\nway.\n\n> * このキノコは食べられます。 This mushroom is edible.\n> * 彼は食べられます。 He can eat (it). ([?]He is edible.)\n> * 星が見えます。 I can see stars.\n>\n\nSome sentences can be ambiguous if there were no context at all:\n\n> * 彼は殺せます。 (Someone) can kill him. / He can kill (someone).\n> * 彼が見えます。 I can see him. / He can see it (e.g., the stage).\n>",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-31T10:24:48.713",
"id": "57639",
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57629
| null |
57639
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57632",
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"body": "> 人間とは、わからないものだ。同じ人間をゴミのように実験に使うと思えば、神仏のような情けですべてを救おうとも考える。\n\nI've come across this in a novel. The last part of the second sentence is\nconfusing for me. I've read that volitional should not be used after grammars\nlike (か)と思えば. As I understand, second sentence should literally mean \"Just\nwhen I thought that humans use their own kind like trash for experiments,\nthere are also those who try to (think about) save (saving) everyone with\nunbelievable compassion\" (a main character was thinking how to save his\nclassmates that had been experimented upon, and at this moment a man appears\nand says the aforementioned line), however I’m not sure because of volitional\nbeing used at the end.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T01:35:57.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57630",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27144",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Volitional after (か)と思えば",
"view_count": 1441
}
|
[
{
"body": "The sentence has the structure:\n\n> 「［Sentence A］かと思えば、［Sentence B］。」 \n> \"Just when I thought [Sentence A], [Sentence B].\"\n\nYou could parse it this way:\n\n> ［同じ人間をゴミのように実験に使う（=A）］ **かと思えば** 、［神仏のような情けで『すべてを救おう』とも考える（=B）］。\n\n(I think it should be **か** と思えば, not と思えば.)\n\nThe volitional 救おう is part of a quotation. すべてを救おう is what humans think, not\nthe speaker of this sentence. (The subject of とも考える is humans, not the speaker\nof this sentence.)\n\n\"Just when I thought [(A:) humans use their own kind like trash for\nexperiments], [(B:) they also think of saving everyone with godlike\nbenevolence].\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T03:24:57.267",
"id": "57632",
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"score": 4
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] |
57630
|
57632
|
57632
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57642",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "新完全マスタN2文法に、この問題があります。\n\n> 「親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか（ ）。」 \n> a) わからない b) 3日も考えている c) 関係ない\n\nどうして (b) が正解ですか、また (a), (c) はどこが間違いですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T08:12:43.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57633",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-10T06:19:16.203",
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"owner_user_id": "25989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "「～ようか・～まいか」の後の正確な表現はどれでしょうか？",
"view_count": 1492
}
|
[
{
"body": "「～おうか～まいか」とは、なにするかまだ迷っている文法です。\n\n質問の例題を訳せば、「I'm uncertain about saying the truth to my parents. I'm been\nthinking it over for 3 days.」となります。\n\n上の説明は、TRY!N2というN2向けの教科書から出ました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T09:04:53.667",
"id": "57634",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T12:31:07.347",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T12:31:07.347",
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"body": "～ようか～まいか is almost always followed by verbs like 悩む, 迷う, 考える or 思い巡らす. Even if\nyou omit such verbs, ～ようか～まいか on its own expresses one's consideration,\nhesitation, etc. It's probably best to memorize this construction with these\nverbs. See: [Learn JLPT N1 Grammar: （よ）うか～まいか (you ka~mai\nka)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n1-grammar-%EF%BC%88%E3%82%88%EF%BC%89%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%BE%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B-you-\nkamai-ka/)\n\nTo use わからない, you have to say either 言うべきか言わないべきかわからない or 言うべきか言わざるべきかわからない.\nThe latter is more literary.\n\nTo use 関係ない, you have to say either 言おう **が** 言うまい **が** 関係ない or 言おう **と**\n言うまい **と** 関係ない. This ～ようが～まいが or ～ようと～まいと is \"( _regardless of_ ) whether A\nor B\" or \"be it A or B\" rather than simple \"whether A or B\" as a noun clause.\nFor similar examples, see: [Learn JLPT N1 Grammar: （よ）うが～まいが (you ga~mai\nga)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n1-grammar-%EF%BC%88%E3%82%88%EF%BC%89%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%BE%E3%81%84%E3%81%8C-you-\ngamai-ga/)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T09:40:31.787",
"id": "57635",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T10:43:17.210",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T10:43:17.210",
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"body": "「～おうか～まいか」is used when describing a situation where you are weighing two\nopposing options (an action and an inaction, to be precise), and it is\nfollowed by a verb phrase that denotes or implies serious consideration or\ndeliberation.\n\nc) 関係ない ('is irrelevant') is an obviously wrong choice, since, for one thing,\nits meaning does not involve any kind or amount of thinking.\n\nThe ill-suitedness of a) わからない ('not know') is much subtler, but I believe\nit's due to the fact that the state of not knowing/わからない does not necessarily\nimply that you have put some serious thought into a matter at hand; you can\nnot know whether you should tell the truth or not tell the truth as well\nwithout debating the question as after debating it.\n\nAlthough a) わからない might not be outright ungrammatical here (the resulting\nsentence would be perfectly comprehensible to me), it has a risk of failing to\nmeet (what I take to be) the requirement that 「～おうか～まいか」 must be used with a\nverb phrase that at least implies some deliberation.\n\nTherefore, b) 3日も考えている, which clearly pass that test, is the best choice.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-03-31T11:54:32.820",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\n(a), (b), (c) の中で文法的に正しいのは (b) だけです。なぜかと言うと、\n\n> 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか3日も考えている。 \n> = 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **と** 3日も考えている。\n\nなのですが、\n\n> × 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **と** わからない。 \n> × 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **と** 関係ない。\n\nとは言えないからです（「～と関係ない」という表現はありますが、引用の「と」ではなく並列の「と」です）。\n\n言い換えれば、「～ようか～まいか」は単に述語の内容を説明する **同格の副詞節**\nとしてのみ機能し、主語や目的語などとして述語の項を補ってはくれません。もし以下のように助詞を付け加えて **名詞節** に変換すれば、(a)\n(c)も文法的に正しくなります。\n\n> a′) ○ 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **が** わからない。 \n> c′) ○ 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **に（は）** 関係ない。\n\nこの挙動は普通の「～か～か」節と比べても特異です。「～か～か」の構文自体は（英語の whether のように）名詞節として使えるからです。\n\n> 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないかわからない。 \n> = 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないか **が** わからない。\n>\n> 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないか確かめる。 \n> = 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないか **を** 確かめる。\n\n# English\n\nAmong (a), (b), and (c), only (b) is the grammatical one. The reason is,\n\n> 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか3日も考えている。 \n> = 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **と** 3日も考えている。\n\nwhile you can't say\n\n> × 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **と** わからない。 \n> × 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **と** 関係ない。\n\n(The collocation ～と関係ない does exist, but this one is a different と that means\n\"with/and\".)\n\nIn other words, ～ようか～まいか only functions as **adverbial clause of apposition**\nthat qualifies the predicate to depict what it is like, not as a verb's\nargument such as _subject_ or _object_. In order to make (a) and (c)\ngrammatical, you could put additional particles to make them into **noun\nclauses**.\n\n> a′) ○ 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **が** わからない。 \n> c′) ○ 親に本当のことを言おうか言うまいか **に（は）** 関係ない。\n\nThis behavior is, however, quite peculiar among similar ～か～か constructions,\nbecause ordinarily they just work as noun clauses by themselves (alike to\nEnglish _whether_ ).\n\n> 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないかわからない。 \n> = 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないか **が** わからない。\n>\n> 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないか確かめる。 \n> = 親に本当のことを言ったか言っていないか **を** 確かめる。",
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"creation_date": "2018-03-31T18:22:35.550",
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"score": 2
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57633
|
57642
|
57642
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know I can say ときどき for sometimes and よく for often, but would よくじゃない be a\ncorrect way to say “not often”? If not, how would one say “not often”?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T10:05:32.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57636",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29369",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is よくじゃない correct for “not often”?",
"view_count": 5224
}
|
[
{
"body": "While 「よくじゃない」(\"Not often.\"), all by itself, might actually be uttered by some\nin very informal conversations, it would also be considered to be fairly\nsloppy speech by others. It sounds kind of **_curt_** all by itself.\n\nI would recommend that you add a little word or two to it to avoid that and\nsay instead:\n\n・「よくじゃない **けど** 、 **ときどき** ・・」\n\n・「よく **では** ない **けど** 、 **たまに** ・・」\n\n・「よく **ってわけ** じゃない **けど** 、 **（たまには）** ・・」\n\nYou would sound like a much better conversationalist if you said one of the\nabove instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T12:42:38.297",
"id": "57645",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T14:42:14.647",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T14:42:14.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
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"parent_id": "57636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "“not often” is usually translated as \"あまりしない\". I don't think \"よくじゃない\" is\ncommon phrase. However, when you are asked \"よく旅行する?\", it wouldn't be unnatural\nthat you answer like \"よくじゃないけど、たまに。\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T14:59:36.993",
"id": "57646",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T14:59:36.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "57636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
57636
| null |
57645
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57647",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was thinking of giving an answer to [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57636/is-%E3%82%88%E3%81%8F%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-correct-\nfor-not-often), but then I remembered that my Japanese is rubbish.\n\nI was going to give an example:\n\n> ケーキはあまり食べない\n\nThen I started having doubts about whether this would mean \"I don't often eat\ncake\" or \"I don't eat much cake\", i.e. \"When I eat cake, I only eat a small\nslice\".\n\nWithout context, can the sentence have both of these interpretations?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T10:51:40.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57640",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T08:25:52.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "Ambiguity with あまり",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes. We judge it by context as you knew. If you want to make sure that you\nmean \"I only eat a small slice\", you can say \"ケーキは少ししか食べない\".\n\nI interpret ケーキはあまり食べない as \"I don't often eat cake\", because I feel it says\n\"one's preference\" or \"custom\".\n\nFor example, あまり旅行しない would mean \"I don't often go on a trip.\", 今日はあまり酒を飲まなかった\nwould mean \"I didn't drink much today\" rather than \"I didn't often drink\ntoday\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T16:15:51.240",
"id": "57647",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T08:25:52.390",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-01T08:25:52.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "57640",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57640
|
57647
|
57647
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57643",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to use combined verbs like 忘れてしまう, 連れて行く or 持ってくる with the\nhonourific conjugation お stem になる. What is the correct way to use that\nconjugation with these types of verbs?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T11:20:57.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57641",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T12:16:13.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form",
"keigo"
],
"title": "How to combine the honourific conjugation and て form?",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "For ～てしまう, you turn the subsidiary verb into the お + 連用形 + になる form, as in:\n\n> 忘れてしまう → 忘れて **お** しまい **になる** (You can also say 忘れてしまわれる)\n\n... or, as @naruto pointed out, turn the main verb into the お + 連用形 + になる\nform, as in:\n\n> **お** 忘れ **になっ** てしまう\n\n* * *\n\nFor ～ていく, you turn the subsidiary verb いく(行く) into おいでになる or お + 連用形 + になる, as\nin:\n\n> 連れていく → 連れて **お** いで **になる** or 連れて **お** いき **になる** (You can also say\n> 連れていらっしゃる, 連れていかれる)\n\n* * *\n\nFor ～てくる, you turn the subsidiary verb くる(来る) into おいでになる. (～て **お** き **になる**\nsounds incorrect.)\n\n> 持ってくる → 持っ **て** おいで **になる** (You can also say 持っていらっしゃる, 持ってこられる)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T12:03:21.693",
"id": "57643",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T12:16:13.317",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T12:16:13.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "57641",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57641
|
57643
|
57643
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How is 手にする used? Does it mean the same thing as 手に入{い}れる, or is there a\ndifference between them?\n\nFor example, in this line from a show:\n\n> 心と体が今、一つに！地球を手にした究極の(fictional char name)。\n\nWould it be different with 手に入れる instead?\n\nI checked [the definition for 手にする in the Progressive J-E\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%89%8B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B/#je-50666),\nbut one of the examples is for having it literally in your hand and the other\nseems the same as 手に入れる for obtaining things. So I'm still confused as to the\ndifferences.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T12:28:04.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57644",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T01:23:39.097",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-01T17:28:47.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "22417",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "手にする usage? Is it a version of 手にいれる？",
"view_count": 398
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you can see in the dictionary, 手にする has two meanings: 「(手に)持つ」\"have/hold\n(in one's hand)\" and 「手に入れる」\"win, gain, obtain\".\n\nIn your example, it's used in the latter meaning. So you can rephrase it this\nway:\n\n> 「地球を **手にした** 究極のXX.」 \n> 「地球を **手に入れた** 究極のXX.」\n\nThe difference between the two is, I think 手にする sounds more formal and\nliterary while 手に入れる is neutral and more commonly used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T01:23:39.097",
"id": "57675",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T01:23:39.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "57644",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57644
| null |
57675
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57650",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of な in the following sentence?\n\n> この動画に映り込んでる背景は僕の家 **な** 気がする。\n\nIs it an abbreviation of なんて or なんか? Or is it simply a filler as explained in\n[this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/28006/17797)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T16:27:18.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57648",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T16:56:41.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"nouns",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "Usage of な in this sentence",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this sentence, you can replace 「な気がする」 by 「である気がする」.\n\n→ \"I have the feeling that this video's background is my house\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T16:56:41.890",
"id": "57650",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T16:56:41.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19376",
"parent_id": "57648",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57648
|
57650
|
57650
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57653",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am informally teaching Japanese to friends and they sometimes ask\ninteresting questions I can't answer.\n\nYesterday, I told them that ゆ could often be seen in front of public bath\nhouses, and someone asked me why the kanji wasn't used. I guess it has been\nlike this for centuries, so that everybody can read the sign, but I am not\nsure about it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T16:40:04.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57649",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T18:26:43.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19376",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Why is ゆ written in hiragana on bath houses' noren?",
"view_count": 1295
}
|
[
{
"body": "Imagery vs. Information\n\nTry staring at the kanji 「湯」 for 5 minutes and tell me what it enabled you to\n\"see\" and/or \"imagine\". Did you have fun?\n\nI did it before posting my answer and all I \"saw\" was hot water. I had no fun\nstaring at the kanji. **Kanji have specific meanings and that means there is\nnot much room for imagination**. 「湯」 means \"hot water\", but who **_does not_**\nknow that a public bathhouse has hot water?\n\nNow try staring at the hiragana 「ゆ」 for 5 minutes. What did you see? Maybe not\nmuch if you do not possess a large vocabulary in Japanese.\n\nI started staring at 「ゆ」 and within 30 seconds, I was already in ゆ-topia with\nthe nice images conjured by the kana.\n\nI was soaking in the perfect-temperature **ゆ** very **ゆ** ったりと(\"relaxed\") and\n**ゆ** っくりと(\"leisurely\"). I obtained 心の **ゆ** とり(\"ease of mind\"). Thank **ゆ**\nso much, public bathhouse!\n\nIf we have three writing systems, we might as well take advantage of each of\nthem? Who cares if that caused Japanese-learners confusion? English was never\nan English-learner-friendly language, either!\n\nAbove is just a personal opinion of a native Japanese speaker, ゆ know.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T18:26:43.297",
"id": "57653",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-31T18:26:43.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "57649",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
] |
57649
|
57653
|
57653
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone assist me with understanding the below?\n\n「最後まで参加したい気持ちはわかるが、無理はしない方がいい」\n\n「身体を動かすことになるんだから。そんな様子では……」\n\n「心配のし過ぎだ」\n\n「今は寝起きだから。情けないことに、昨日の疲れがまだ残っているのかもしれない」\n\n「朝食を食べれば、すぐに元通りになるさ。さあ、早く寮に戻ろう」\n\n「……わかった」\n\n「だが、 **様子を見るだけだ** 。体調が変だと思ったら、正直に言って欲しい」\n\n「わかった」\n\nI don't quite follow what is meant by 様子を見るだけだ in this context. I know of the\nexpression 様子を見る e.g.\n\n<https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E6%A7%98%E5%AD%90%E3%82%92%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B>\n\nbut I don't quite follow how だけ is modifying this expression in this case as\nit doesn't make sense to me do be \"only\" or \"just\" doing that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T17:11:59.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57651",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-23T11:02:00.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29372",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 様子を見るだけだ mean here?",
"view_count": 476
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"様子を見る\" generally means things like \"see how things are\", \"size up the\nsituation\", \"test the water\", \"check the condition (of someone/something)\n\"etc.\n\nSeeing as Person A isn't exactly in tip-top condition but is set to\nparticipate in some kind of physical activity, and Person B, worried about\nthem, says: \"だが、様子を見るだけだ。体調が変だと思ったら、正直に言って欲しい\", I think by \"様子を見るだけだ\" they are\ntelling Person A that it'll be just a \"test run\", to see how fit they are to\nplay, so please don't go all out, will you? -- or something along those lines\n-- adding that if they are feeling off, they need to tell them. (My, that's a\nlot of third person plural pronouns.)\n\nThere's nothing unusual about this instance of だけ. Just another day at the\noffice for it, imposing limits on people and things.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T07:45:51.097",
"id": "57660",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T08:52:51.313",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-01T08:52:51.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "57651",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57651
| null |
57660
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see a lot of words starting with 引き, for example 引き下げる, 引き出す.\n\n引く has many meanings but I think in these cases it means 'to pull'.\n\nMy question is, for example in 引き下げる, what is the purpose of 引き? How does\n引き下げる differ from 下げる?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-03-31T19:30:03.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57654",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-31T10:05:35.533",
"last_edit_date": "2018-03-31T19:55:34.830",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning and usage of 引き- in compound verbs",
"view_count": 329
}
|
[
{
"body": "引き下げる ('pull' + 'lower') is just that much more illustrative and specific than\nplain 下げる('lower'). It doesn't mean just any old kind of lowering, or pushing\ndown or beating down for that matter, but _pulling down_.\n\nIt has, of course, figurative uses (as in 値段を引き下げる) where the action being\ndescribed doesn't involve specific physical movement suggested by the letters\nof the word (like cutting down prices doesn't involve physical cutting or\nspatial lowering as cutting down trees does).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T06:59:47.113",
"id": "57659",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T07:47:13.023",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-01T07:47:13.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "11575",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "57654",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57654
| null |
57659
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is 中 used in:\n\n```\n\n 送信中...\n \n```\n\nto mean that something is happening in the present moment. I see examples like\nthis a lot.\n\nWhy 中 and not \"-te iru\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T04:53:14.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57657",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T06:19:46.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "中 to mean present continuous. Why 中?",
"view_count": 215
}
|
[
{
"body": "For kanji compounds like 送信【そうしん】 or 工事【こうじ】 or 販売【はんばい】, you can't just add\nている onto the end, since the base term is a noun.\n\nThis is vaguely like in English: you can't say _transmissioning_ , or\n_constructioning_ , or _saleing_ , but you can say _**in** transmission_, or\n_**under** construction_, or _**on** sale_. So instead of adding the _-ing_ ,\nyou add the _in_ or _on_ or _under_ (as appropriate for English usage).\n\nIn Japanese, you add the 中【ちゅう】, literally meaning \"in the middle of\n_[whatever word just came before]_ \".",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T06:19:46.630",
"id": "57658",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T06:19:46.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "57657",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
57657
| null |
57658
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57662",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In any previous language I have studied (mostly European languages), the verb\n\"to have\" is always one of the top 5 most common verbs alongside others like\n_to be_ , _to go_ , _to come_ , etc. In Japanese, this doesn't seem to be the\ncase, judging from word frequency and suggested lists of \"most important\nverbs.\" Apparently _motsu_ is simply not as common in Japanese as _to have_ is\nin English, or _avoir_ in French, and so on.\n\nThis is very counterintuitive for me. How do people phrase simple common\nthings such as \"Do you have five dollars?\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T08:06:02.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57661",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T10:38:07.693",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-01T10:38:07.693",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"phrase-requests",
"possession"
],
"title": "Why isn't the verb \"to have\" common in Japanese and how do people phrase things without using it?",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Do you have 5 dollars? \n> Yes, thanks for asking.\n\nNot really what you meant to ask. I don't know how a Japanese person would\nactually respond if you asked:\n\n> 5ドル持っていますか\n\nBut I'm sure it would be more polite to ask:\n\n> Will you lend me five dollars? \n> 5ドル貸してもらえますか (Can I receive the benefit of you lending me 5 dollars)\n\nNot really sure what your question is. But 'have' can have many different\nmeanings, and there is no reason that all the meanings should map to the same\nword in Japanese. I assume that いる/ある are pretty high on your list of common\nverbs though.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T08:36:28.430",
"id": "57662",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T08:36:28.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "57661",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
57661
|
57662
|
57662
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57665",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was texting a Japanese person, and I saw 引かれる【ひかれる】for the first time, so I\nsearched for its meaning. I saw contradictory explanations and translations,\nsome sources say it is the same as 惹かれる｛ひかれる｝, as in being attraced to someone\nor something.\n\nOne of the examples I found:\n\n> 「蛾｛が｝は光｛ひかり｝に引｛ひ｝かれる」\n\nAfter I had answered the text the other person explained to me that both of\nthe kanjis have the same reading, but they mean the exact opposite, so 引｛ひ｝かれる\nwould be mean being put off by someone or something. I felt really stupid and\nwent back to research mode, and I found out about ドン引｛ひ｝かれる, which should mean\nto be put off.\n\nMy assumption is that both kanjis used to mean the same, but somewhat recently\nドン引｛ひ｝き appeared in the common vocabulary, but it was too long so people\nstarted to drop the ドン part. Is this correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T09:14:23.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57663",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T11:36:36.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"kanji-choice",
"antonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 惹かれる and 引かれる?",
"view_count": 417
}
|
[
{
"body": "「引{ひ}く」 and 「惹{ひ}く」 are originally the same word \"hiku\". The verb \"hiku\"\nalready had different meanings when Japanese was merely a spoken language.\nAfter learning the kanji from the Chinese and creating the kana on our own, we\nstarted writing some of our same original words differently according to the\nmeanings that they are used for.\n\nIn the case of \"hiku\", we decided to use 「引く」 for physical \"pulling\" and 「惹く」\nfor psychological \"attracting\". The \"connection\" between the two should be\nclearly seen.\n\nWhat makes your question this time unnecessarily tricky is that you have\nbrought the new colloquial/slangy meaning of 「引く」 to the table. That meaning\nis \"to get turned off\", \"to be put off\", etc. 「ドン引{び}く」 is the emphatic form\nof 「引く」 only for that slang meaning.\n\nIf you are ドン引く-ing, you actually are pulling your body physically and/or\npulling/drawing your mind back mentally from something. So, there still is the\nnotion of \"moving away from something\" left in the new slang meaning.\n\nIf you compared the new meaning of 「引く」 to the original meaning of 「惹く」,\nhowever, the two meanings would seem quite opposite. Unless I misread your\nquestion, that is what you wanted to say.\n\nThe last thing I would like to mention is that it is nothing new that a word\nacquires a new colloquial/slang meaning that is very different from its\n\"original\" meaning.\n\nTake 「適当{てきとう}」 vs. 「テキトー」, for instance. That is \"appropriate\" vs. \"random\".\nPretty random, yeh?\n\n「やばい」 vs. 「ヤバい」 for \"chancy\", \"dubious\", etc. vs. \"great\", \"cool\", etc.\n\nThis, however, is hardly a Japanese-only phenomena. Think of what happened\nmeaning-wise to words such as \"awesome\", \"bad\", \"sick\", etc. If I have to\nlearn the new meanings for those, you will have to learn the new meanings of\nthe words I mentioned above.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T11:36:36.050",
"id": "57665",
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}
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57663
|
57665
|
57665
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57667",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 靜目 夏樹 a valid name in Japan? Also, I am just curious, but how do you\ngenerally check the validity of a Japanese name?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T11:34:35.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57664",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T14:43:48.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Question about name rules",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "夏樹 is a natural first name, but I think 靜目 is a rare family name. This is the\nfirst time I have seen it.\n\nAs for first names, parents need to register their child's name with the\ngovernment when their child is born. There are some rules when they register\nthem. Katakana, hiragana and kanji can be used, but kanji only for ordinary\nuse (常用漢字) and for person's name (人名用漢字) can be used. Names which lack common\nsense like 悪魔 are not allowed.\n\nIn the recent years, first names which we can't read correctly have been\nincreasing which has become a problem. 当て字 (Readings that are different from\ncorrect readings) are used in them and they are called キラキラネーム.\n\nAs for family names, they are many and varied, and are mostly derived from\nplaces where they lived or their holder's job.\n\nWe generally don't use kanji and words which have ill or bad meaning for\nnames.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T14:12:54.077",
"id": "57667",
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"score": 3
}
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57664
|
57667
|
57667
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57669",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm watching Yae no Sakura and occasionally trying to understand grammar\nterms. I came upon this phrase:\n\n> 殿様のため 会津のため しっかりと学んでまいれ｡\n\n(for the sake of our Lord, for the Sake of Aizu. Study with all your efforts!)\n(my aided translation)\n\nWhat role is 〜でまいれ playing here? Is it the potential form of 参る (まいる)?\n\nJisho.org: to go; to come; to call. Humble (kenjougo), Usually written using\nkana alone.\n\nSo maybe: \"You can go, and study with resolved effort!\"?\n\nIt appears in a few other locations too:\n\n> 即刻 戦を止めてまいれ｡\n>\n> 江戸に戻る｡ ついてまいれ｡\n>\n> 賊徒の首を取ってまいれ！\n>\n> ひるまずに 戦ってまいれ！\n\n--\n\nThank you for any insight!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T16:23:51.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57668",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T16:41:36.680",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18344",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "〜てまいれ in Period Drama",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "「まい **れ** 」 is the **_imperative_** form of 「まい **る** （参る）」. It is not the\npotential form.\n\n> 「Verb in Te-Form + まいる」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"to go and (verb)\"\n\n「参る」 is often used as a subsidiary verb like the above and when it is, it is\nwritten in all kana. When used as a subsidiary verb in an imperative, it is\nfor politeness.\n\n> \"Please go and study hard for our Lord and for the domain of Aizu!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T16:41:36.680",
"id": "57669",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-01T16:41:36.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "57668",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
57668
|
57669
|
57669
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57671",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [this\narticle](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011383361000/k10011383361000.html):\n\n> 映像はドローンを使って空から撮りました。 \n> The images were taken from the sky using a drone.\n\nWhilst the meaning is clear, I find this sentence very awkward. I can't write\nthe sentence in a natural way in English using the active voice. If I had to\nwrite it in the active voice it would be:\n\n> A drone took the pictures from the sky using a drone.\n\nwhich obviously sounds ridiculous.\n\nPresumably the topic of the sentence 映像 is intended to be the object of 撮る.\nThat leaves us with ドローン as the implied subject of 撮る. But this subject is\nonly introduced in the previous clause ドローンを使って, so it feels very premature\nthat I should imply it as the subject in the following verb.\n\nI'm struggling to express my confusion. Can someone correct any errors in my\ngrammatical understanding or offer a more illuminating viewpoint on how to\nparse the sentence?\n\nI know there's no good reason why I should be able to force the voices to\nmatch between the two languages, but I would certainly never have been able to\nformulate this Japanese sentence myself. Any insights would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T18:12:34.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57670",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-30T05:56:13.753",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-01T18:26:40.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Introducing a subject and implying it in the same sentence",
"view_count": 381
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't think ドローン is the implied subject. In fact, there _is_ no specific\nimplied subject; the article never specifies who took the pictures using a\ndrone.\n\nIn English, we can't leave out the subject in a main declarative clause. Your\nintuition is probably telling you to use the passive because that lets you\navoid specifying the agent in English, and it's not specified in Japanese. But\nin Japanese the subject can be omitted from an active clause as well, so the\noriginal sentence is fine in the active voice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T18:45:54.590",
"id": "57671",
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"parent_id": "57670",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
57670
|
57671
|
57671
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57673",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm still learning how to write Japanese, but I feel like I'm starting to get\na feel for the rules of stroke order. However, the stroke order for ヲ\n(katakana wo) baffles me.\n\nAccording to everything I find, it's 3 strokes: The two horizontal stokes, and\nthen the down-left stroke. However, フ and all the other katakana that have フ\nas a subunit write it with a single stroke. Why is this single stroke split\nfor ヲ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T20:13:12.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57672",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T00:08:22.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27182",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"stroke-order",
"stroke-count"
],
"title": "Why is ヲ written with 3 strokes?",
"view_count": 728
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you look at [Wikipedia's entry for\nカタカナ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A), you\ncan see a chart of the kanji that katakana are thought to be derived from:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gShka.png)\n\nThe katakana ヲ is thought to come from the first three strokes of 乎, so if you\ntry writing those first three strokes quickly, maybe you can imagine how the\ncharacter came about. Here's the stroke order for 乎:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zQnxr.png)\n\nAs you can see, the stroke order is roughly the same as for ヲ, except the\nstrokes go in different directions, and the last two strokes are missing.\n\nAlthough this is the traditional stroke order for ヲ, there are people who\nwrite it the other way too, so unless you're taking a test or using\nhandwriting recognition software that is sensitive to stroke order, you can\nprobably get away with writing it however you're most comfortable.\n\nThat said, I'd recommend sticking to the usual stroke order for most\ncharacters if you can manage it. Being consistent helps your memory, and\nlearning the way people usually write characters helps with understanding both\nbeautiful cursive writing and quick sloppy writing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-01T23:51:22.633",
"id": "57673",
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"parent_id": "57672",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
57672
|
57673
|
57673
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57676",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Apparently there are many ways to say \"girl / young woman\" in Japanese.\n\nI've learned the differences between 女の子, 少女 and 乙女 from other question in\nthis SE, where 女の子 seems to be the most common way to say \"girl\", but recently\nI noticed that yet another two words exist for \"girl\": 女子{じょし} ( _joshi_ ) and\n娘子{じょうし} ( _joushi_ ).\n\nSo, my question is, what's the difference between 女子, 娘子 and 女の子?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T00:28:30.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57674",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T07:16:44.737",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-02T00:42:27.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "7494",
"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What are the differences between 女子{じょし}, 娘子{じょうし} and 女{おんな}の子{こ}?",
"view_count": 3799
}
|
[
{
"body": "娘子 seems to have been used in the past, but it's almost never used in modern\nJapanese. You can forget this word. If you used it in speech, listeners would\ntake it as [上司](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%B8).\n\n女子 is difficult to explain because it's typically used in three different\nways:\n\n 1. At school, kids and teenagers always use 女子 and 男子 to refer to female/male _students_. You can always safely use 女子中学生, 男子高校生, etc.\n\n 2. After graduation, 女子/男子 is still sometimes used as a neutral and _formal_ word for \"woman('s)\" or \"female\". For example 女子トイレ and 女子大学 are very common words, but they are obviously not only for young girls. Basically this definition is regarded as dated (more or less similar to [婦人](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26061/5010)), so you should avoid using 女子 in this sense except in [fixed compounds listed here](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90). 女性(用) is the neutral equivalent in modern Japanese. ( **EDIT** : 女子 meaning \"women's\" is also commonly used in sport contexts, e.g., 女子サッカー, 女子400m.)\n\n 3. Confusingly, recently some people started to use 女子 also in _casual_ situations, referring to woman in general. Words like [女子力](https://savvytokyo.com/joshiryoku-woman-japan/) and 女子会 were suddenly coined and became popular 10 years ago or so. 女子会 was nominated as buzzword of the year 2010. This type of 女子/男子 is particularly popular in contexts related to fashion/romance. I think many fashion magazines for adult women commonly use 女子 instead of 女性 these days. This is probably because 女子 looked good as a more vivid, cute or cool equivalent of 女性. There are many people who dislike this trend, though.\n\nIf you want to plainly say \"girl\" outside these situations, 女の子\n(casual/colloquial) or 少女 (stiff/literary) is the normal choice.\n\n * 公園で女の子が本を読んでいる。 OK (casual)\n * 公園で少女が本を読んでいる。 OK (literary)\n * 公園で女子が本を読んでいる。 Very unnatural (maybe OK in old novels)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T03:59:33.070",
"id": "57676",
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"score": 17
}
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57674
|
57676
|
57676
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Say if someone said \"Why did you call him Japanese?\" and then I said \"Well, he\nIS Japanese (after all).\" How would I express this? I'm thinking I would say\nsomething like this:\n\n> 彼は日本人なんだ\n\nBut I'm wondering if using んだ/んです is the best way to emphasise exactly what I\nwant to be emphasised in this instance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T04:39:21.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57677",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T05:23:40.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19109",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How would you emphasise a sentence like \"Well, he IS Japanese, after all\"",
"view_count": 310
}
|
[
{
"body": "In informal/若者語 speech, you could also say\n\n> 日本人だもんね\n\nWhich exactly corresponds to \"he is Japanese, after all\" in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T04:53:08.743",
"id": "57678",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T04:53:08.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5047",
"parent_id": "57677",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Most commonly, we would say:\n\n・「だって日本人（なん）だもん。」\n\n・「だって日本人だから（だよ）。」\n\n・「なぜって（or なんでって）日本人だからです（よ）。」\n\nNotice a 「んだ」 is used in the first sentence.\n\nThe vast majority of native speakers would not use a pronoun like 「彼は」. They\nmight use 「あの人は」, but it is not needed as both parties know exactly who they\nare talking about.\n\nSince Japanese is a highly contextual language as I say here every week, the\nexact phrasing of the answer depends heavily on how the question \"Why did you\ncall him Japanese?\" was asked in Japanese.\n\nIf you used 「なぜ」, the other person is likely to reply with 「なぜって」. Similarly,\na 「なんで」 question is likely to be replied with 「なんでって」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T04:59:51.143",
"id": "57679",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T05:23:40.190",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-02T05:23:40.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "57677",
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"score": 7
}
] |
57677
| null |
57679
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "(ii chinpomi~kke!) I know what the censored word is, but what does all the\nsentence mean? It can be divided? I think that いい and ちんぽ can, but it's \"み\"\nconnected to ちんぽ, and/or is っけ connected to み?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T06:57:04.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57680",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-28T03:04:17.933",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-28T03:04:17.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29386",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "いいちんぽみ〜っけ！ What does that mean?",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "「み〜っけ」appears to be just a colloquial form for \"見つけた\". So this means \"I've\nfound a great (your censored word)\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T08:48:24.737",
"id": "57681",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T08:48:24.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5047",
"parent_id": "57680",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
57680
| null |
57681
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57683",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have these lines from an old game, and wish to know what 腰の入った means. It is\nclear to me that it is some kind of fixed expression, because the parts do not\nmake sense by themselves.\n\n> 赤マントってＳＭ好きの変質者かなぁ。でも、高校生のうち \n> からあんなのに走るのかしら？ ああいうのって刺激が物足 \n> りなくなって走るような気がするんだけどなぁ・・・あっ！\n>\n> ということは、男子生徒じゃなく大人の犯行！？・・・・・ \n> いやいや、うちの学校には腰の入ったすけべ連中が多いから \n> 断定できないわよぉ～・・・・・\n\nAn attempted translation of the last sentence is \"Ah, but this school has\nquite a few 腰の入った perverts, so I can't be sure.\"\n\nI searched the Information Superhighway for this phrase, but mostly came back\nwith documents discussing punching technique. (\"腰の入ったパンチ\")\n\nHere are the lines from the game as images in case I have accidentally\nmistranscribed them:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JMmeo.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/559zi.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T08:59:29.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57682",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T12:18:12.520",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-02T12:18:12.520",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "腰の入ったすけべ連中が多いから",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 腰の入った comes from\n[腰を入れる](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%85%B0%E3%82%92%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B),\nan idiomatic set phrase that means \"to put one's back into something\".\n\n> ### [腰を入れる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/78501/meaning/m0u/)\n>\n> ２ しっかりした心構えで事に当たる。本腰になる。「―・れて環境保全に取り組む」\n\nSo 腰の入ったすけべ連中 is people who put much effort into perverted acts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T09:43:15.853",
"id": "57683",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 「うちの学校{がっこう}には腰{こし}の入{はい}ったすけべ連中{れんちゅう}が多{おお}いから」\n\n「腰を入{い}れる」 is an idiomatic verbal expression meaning \" ** _to set to work in\nearnest_** \", \" ** _to give all one has got_** \", etc.\n\nThus, 「腰の入{はい}った」 is the **_adjectival_** form of the above expression.\n\nMy own TL of 「腰の入ったすけべ連中」 would be:\n\n> \"devoted perverts\", \"hard-core perverts\", etc.\n\nSo, we have:\n\n> \"Because my school has a whole lot of hard-core perverts, ~~~~\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T09:50:22.590",
"id": "57684",
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"score": 3
}
] |
57682
|
57683
|
57684
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm dissecting some Japanese lyrics to improve my Japanese, but I had a hard\ntime finding out how も is used in here,\n\n> 何ページ **も** ついやして 綴られた僕らの気分\n\nI've looked it up in serveral websites and found one that said も is used with\n何 to say \"many of something\" (Ex: 何ページも = many/several pages).\n\nCould anyone confirm this or add more practical or common uses of the も\nparticle?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T16:44:29.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57685",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-04-03T04:03:58.870",
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"owner_user_id": "29393",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Use of the も particle",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "When 何 is used with も, it is known as an **indeterminate quantifier** and\nindicates the speaker's feeling that an amount is large (without specifying an\nexact number). 何ページも is a perfect example of that and could be translated as\n\"many pages\", as you mentioned.\n\nOther examples:\n\n何回も many times \n何人も many people \n何万人も many tens of thousands of people \netc ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T23:21:53.537",
"id": "57691",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "57685",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
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| null |
57691
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57687",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/31070/14494)\nthere are two types of 〜ない adjectives, those that contain 無い (like 情けない, つまらない\nalso falls here) and those that derive from archaic なう verb (like 危ない). For\nthe first 無い type, how natural is it to negate such an adjective?\n\nGoogle finds relatively few instances of, say,\n[つまらなくない](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22),\nsome of which a not real negations but questions like \"boring, isn't it?\".\nHowever where are also cases like つまらなくない話 and I see how it might mean \"not\nboring, but still less than interesting\". However I can't quite comprehend\nwhat kind of person 情けなくない男 would be. In most (all?) cases there's an antonym\nto 〜ない adjective, so the utility of negation is questionable.\n\nSo, is negation of such 〜ない adjectives considered natural, or do you normally\navoid it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T17:36:48.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57686",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T20:23:59.780",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-02T20:23:59.780",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"negation",
"i-adjectives",
"lexicalization"
],
"title": "Negating adjective ending with ない",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "Saying something is つまらなくない doesn't mean it's interesting; saying someone is\n情けなくない doesn't mean they're hopeful / sympathetic / happy. By analogy, we also\ncan -- but don't often -- negate negative adjectives in English, to similar\neffect: _\"this book is not uninteresting, that scan is not entirely illegible,\nthe person over there standing by the ice-cream van is not unattractive,\"_\netc. etc. The double-negative in either English or Japanese indicates more of\na middle-ground quality -- not great, not awful, kind of \"meh\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T18:18:35.193",
"id": "57687",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
}
] |
57686
|
57687
|
57687
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57690",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What I'm trying to say is \"what time is it in Japan right now?\". My main\nproblem is if I placed 今 correctly and if I should use に or は?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T21:32:10.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57689",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T04:05:12.243",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-03T04:05:12.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "29397",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"time",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Is 今日本に何時ですか correct?",
"view_count": 647
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most commonly and naturally, it should be:\n\n> 「今日本{いまにほん} **は** 何時{なんじ}ですか。」\n\nYou located 「今」 correctly, but used the wrong particle 「に」. A comma after the\n「今」 is optional.\n\nAlso common would be:\n\n> 「日本 **は今** 何時ですか。」\n\nFinally, you can only start a sentence with 「今日本 **に** 」 when it is followed\nby a verb describing a **_stative_** action as in:\n\n・「今日本 **に** います。」 (\"I am in Japan now.\")\n\n・「今日本 **に** 住{す}んでいます」 (\"I live in Japan now.\")\n\nHow about 「で」, one would ask. 「で」 can be used when it is followed by an\n\"active\" (as opposed to \"stative\") verb. You can say:\n\n・「今日本 **で** 大学{だいがく}に行{い}っています。」 (\"I am attending college in Japan now.\")\n\n・「今日本 **で** プログラミングの勉強{べんきょう}をしています。」 (\"I am studying computer programming in\nJapan now.\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-02T23:21:05.690",
"id": "57690",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-02T23:51:14.357",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-02T23:51:14.357",
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"score": 5
}
] |
57689
|
57690
|
57690
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57694",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is this correct, 私は **＿＿＿** で **N** 年の経験があります。\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T01:59:48.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57693",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T03:42:22.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18938",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say \"I have N years experience in ____.\"?",
"view_count": 381
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is correct even though 「私は」 is not needed in most cases. Your\nreader/listener will know who you are talking about without using the pronoun.\nEnglish is a me-me-me language and Japanese is not.\n\nOther natural-sounding sentence patterns would include:\n\n・「[name of field] の分野{ぶんや}で N 年{ねん}の経験{けいけん}があります。」\n\n・「[name of occupation] として N 年の経験があります。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T03:42:22.797",
"id": "57694",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T03:42:22.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "57693",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
57693
|
57694
|
57694
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57696",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there any knowledge on where the volitional ''おう'' Ending originated? As\nfar as my interpretations go having seen a lot of sentences with them, Both\nthe ''おう'' of the volitional and the ''おう'' of ’’こう、そう、どう'' seem to indicate\nsome kind of..estimate? Something uncertain/imprecise. Instead of being 100%\nprecise it's just a kind of general direction, a kind of estimate or\nexpectation that is probably that way but not 100%.\n\nそれ is certain, it is that, そう is more vague, it is ''that way''. And it is\nused for ''seems like'' hearsay. 行く is just going. 行こう is more of an estimate,\nin that you'll ''probably'' go, or you say it when you say ''let's'' go, which\nisn't completely certain.\n\nAnother thing is how the other rows all start with the distance, and then some\nkind of thing that modifies it. like, その Is それ but possessive instead, so you\nuse it in front of words.\n\nThing is, the こうrow has one that's ''ああ’’ which doesn't fall in line with this\nat all, but it may also be a sound change for all I know.\n\nFor all I know this could be a complete coincidence or my interpretation is\ncompletely false, soo, are they related in any way?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T07:02:30.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57695",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-04-03T07:08:19.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "20228",
"owner_user_id": "20228",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Is the ’’おう’’' in the Volitional ending of verbs related to ''こう、そう、どう'' in any way?",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "Nope, they're unrelated.\n\nAlthough they look similar today, the う in こう comes from the く of\n[斯{か}く](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E6%96%AF%E3%81%8F), and the う of 食べよう\ncomes from the conjectural auxiliary\n[む](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%80), so they were originally quite\ndifferent.\n\n * こう **koʜ** 'this way' comes from **koʜ < kau < kaku**. When **kaku** became **kau** , it caused a regular sound change from **au** to **oʜ**. With this change the word better fit the modern こそあど pattern phonologically, which allowed Japanese speakers to fill out the rest of the the こう・そう・ああ・どう **koʜ soʜ aʜ doʜ** paradigm by analogy, taking **ʜ** as a new morpheme meaning 'manner; way'.\n\nNote that the words ああ **aʜ** and どう **doʜ** are quite recent; these two words\ndid not appear until Modern Japanese and were clearly formed by analogy. そう\n**soʜ** is slightly older, and Frellesvig gives **soʜ < sau** as a derivation,\nwhich goes back to Old Japanese **sa(te)**.\n\nIn terms of meaning, these four adverbs express 'manner; way'. I don't think\nthe core idea of 'uncertain' or 'imprecise' is really included in the **ʜ**\nmorpheme in these words.\n\n * The suffix **(y)oʜ** , written with an オ段 kana ＋ う in Japanese orthography, comes from the Old Japanese conjectural inflecting auxiliary **-(a)m**. By Late Middle Japanese its conclusive form **-(a)mu** , written む in Japanese, had become **-(a)u** , and this caused the same regular sound change from **au** to **oʜ**. \n\nTo avoid hiatus, the semivowel **y** is inserted between vowel-stem verbs and\n**oʜ** :\n\n``` 行く **ik-** + う **(y)oʜ** = 行こう **ik-oʜ** \n 食べる **tabe-** + う **(y)oʜ** = 食べよう **tabe-yoʜ**\n```\n\nAlthough the range of meanings expressed by **-(a)mu** and now **(y)oʜ** has\nvaried quite a bit, I think the core idea behind this auxiliary/suffix is\nexpressing some kind of modality, ranging from epistemic to boulomaic. The\nformer fits what you're expressing with 'uncertain' or 'imprecise', although\nit's been used to express a somewhat wider range of meanings than just\nepistemic modality.\n\nNote that in this answer the symbol **ʜ** is used to indicate the long vowel\nphoneme. In each word there is a long vowel sound today and not an う **u**\nsound, but the words are nonetheless written with the kana う in Japanese\northography, even for words like どう **doʜ** which were never pronounced with\n**u** historically.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T08:19:52.570",
"id": "57696",
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"score": 4
}
] |
57695
|
57696
|
57696
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does ハートは赤く染まる mean? It’s from a love song about someone being completely\nsmitten by another.\n\nI know the literal translation is “(my) heart is stained red” but what is the\nmeaning of this phrase?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T11:09:24.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57697",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T15:37:00.777",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-03T15:37:00.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22593",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Meaning of “ハートは赤く染まる”",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「ハートは赤{あか}く染{そ}まる」\n\nUnless the context proves otherwise, it should mean something along the lines\nof:\n\n> \"My heart turns red.\"\n\nor\n\n> \"My heart flushes.\"\n\nTo me, \"stain\" would sound quite strange.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T12:57:42.510",
"id": "57699",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T15:36:44.543",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-03T15:36:44.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "57697",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
57697
| null |
57699
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "At a restaurant, my wife ordered a curry dish. We know virtually no Japanese.\nThe waiter understood she wanted the curry dish she pointed out, but kept\nasking \"Nami? Nami?\" And wouldn't let us proceed past that. We ended up giving\nup and ordering something else. What info was he trying to get to complete the\ncurry order?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T12:03:21.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57698",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T13:28:58.093",
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"owner_user_id": "29401",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is nami? At a restaurant",
"view_count": 478
}
|
[
{
"body": "The waiter was asking for the size of your portion, where nami refers to the\nnormal size.\n\nMore here: [Words/characters for fast food meal sizes: 並, 大,\n特](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/999/words-characters-for-fast-\nfood-meal-sizes-%E4%B8%A6-%E5%A4%A7-%E7%89%B9)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T13:28:58.093",
"id": "57700",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
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57698
| null |
57700
|
{
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"body": "My textbook just put some examples without explanations, so i wonder if these\nsentences have the same meanings or there are differences.\n\n> お名前をお書きくださいますか \n> お名前をお書きくださいませんか。\n>\n> その論文の題をお教えいただけませんか \n> その論文の題をお教えいただきたいのですが。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T15:23:59.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57701",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-09-04T22:37:54.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "29402",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Differences between くださいますか/くださいませんか and いただけませんか/いただきたいのですが",
"view_count": 919
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. お名前をお書きくださいますかand お名前をお書きくださいませんか are both polite and have same meaning. \n\n 2. They also have same meaning but if you say お教えいただきたいのですが, some people might wait for your next words.. for example; その論文のお題を教えていただきたいのですが、可能ですか/お時間ありますか/ご存知ですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T20:39:14.550",
"id": "57707",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T20:39:14.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29405",
"parent_id": "57701",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "お名前をお書きくださいますか is a virtual order similar to …書いてください under a situation where\nthe opponent is supposed to write it to begin with, or in theory a simple (or\na tentative) inquiry if s/he (would) write it or not.\n\nOn the other hand, お名前をお書きくださいませんか is a request when the opponent doesn't\nnecessarily have to do it.\n\nその論文の題をお教えいただけませんか and その論文の題をお教えいただきたいのですが are a more modest request than\nお教えくださいませんか, and the latter is further a round-about way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-08-02T00:28:15.953",
"id": "60618",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
57701
| null |
60618
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "57705",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This has been obsessing me for quite a while. While 十三 is normally pronounced\nジュウサン, it is often pronounced ジュウゾウ in people's names and also pronounced\nジュウソウ in names of places. I am wondering how these pronunciations come into\nplace. Are there any relevant historical perspectives? I don't see exotic\nalternative pronunciations for say 12 and 14, and it is not the pronunciation\nof traditional Japanese numbers either (which seems to be トサ), so what is\nmaking 13 so special?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T16:35:49.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57702",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T20:10:03.607",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-03T20:10:03.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "27389",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"pronunciation",
"history",
"numbers",
"phonology"
],
"title": "The yomikata of 十三",
"view_count": 377
}
|
[
{
"body": "### Odd readings of 三: looking back in the history\n\nI've read here and there that researchers think that the Chinese-derived\nreading さん was originally borrowed as さむ. This is based partly on the\nreconstructed Middle Chinese reading of `/sɑm/`, and partly on the fact that\nOld Japanese (the stage of the language when most kanji were borrowed) didn't\nhave any ん yet. In fact, the kana ん comes from a\n[hentaigana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hentaigana) form of む, deriving\nfrom kanji 无.\n\nHowever, む on the end has been unstable historically, and tends to evolve\nphonologically in a few different ways.\n\n * It becomes ん, as in archaic / formal constructions like 言わ[ん]【●】とする, from 言わ[む]【●】とする, where 言わむ is the classical volitional.\n * It becomes う, as in 言わ[う]【●】, the precursor to modern volitional 言おう. \n * In rarer cases, the `/m/` in む shifted to a `/b/` sound to become ぶ -- and we see that `/m/` ↔ `/b/` alternation in a number of words and placenames, like さびしい ↔ さみしい, or the name of the \"Tama River\" in Tokyo, which seems to become \"Taba\" at some points along its course.\n\n### Consonant shifts\n\nLooking again at 三, the ancient さ[む]【●】 reading shifted regularly to さ[ん]【●】\nin most instances -- but that final む took the other routes and became ぶ or う\nin a few places, notably in names.\n\nFor instance, there's the not-uncommon male given name さ[ぶ]【●】ろう, spelled in\nkanji as 三郎. We would ordinarily expect this to be さ[ん]【●】ろう instead, but\nhere, ancient さ[む]【●】 became さ[ぶ]【●】, giving us the modern さぶろう reading.\n\nIn your example, 十三 would ordinarily be じゅうさ[ん]【●】, as you note. However, in\nsome names, the ancient さ[む]【●】 became さ[う]【●】 instead. That would give us\nじゅうさう, to which we add [rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku), the\nvoicing of an initial consonant in compounds, to yield じゅう[ざ]【●】う.\n\nBut what about the vowels?\n\n### Vowel shifts\n\nThrough normal vowel shifts, many cases of `/au/` in older forms of Japanese\n(pronounced like _ow!_ in English) monophthongized or flattened out to became\n`/ɔː/` (pronounced like _awwww_ in English).\n\nThis `/ɔː/` vowel sound, not-quite-あ-not-quite-お, was still distinct four\nhundred years ago, which we can see in various entries in the 1603 Portuguese-\nJapanese dictionary, [_Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam_ , a.k.a. the\n日葡【にっぽ】辞書【じしょ】](https://books.google.com/books?id=TFJAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP133#v=thumbnail&q=coxocuna&f=false).\nClick through to the link, expand the page, and look at the two entries above\nthe yellow-highlighted one -- **Còxocu** for 紅色 (\"Curenaino iro\", i.e. 紅の色),\nand **Cǒxocu** for 好色 (\"Irogonomi\", i.e. 色好み). Regular お is just plain **o**\nin the dictionary. Long おお or おう is **ò**. And the oddball **ǒ** is used to\nindicate that `/ɔː/` sound that arose from the flattening of `/au/`. And sure\nenough, we can see in many monolingual Japanese dictionaries that 紅色 has\nalways been spelled in kana as [こ]【●】[う]【●】しょく, aligning with the **ò** in the\n_Nippo Jisho_ , while 好色 _used to be_ spelled in kana as [か]【●】[う]【●】しょく,\npointing towards `/ɔː/` and aligning with the **ǒ** in the _Nippo Jisho_.\nThese old kana spellings were made obsolete by spelling reforms in the early-\nto-mid 20th century, when there was a push to get the then-archaic spelling\nconventions to align more closely with everyday pronunciation.\n\nSo between 1603 and today, all of those `/ɔː/` sounds further shifted to\nbecome the long `/oː/` sounds we're used to in modern Japanese, producing the\nlong `/oː/` sound we hear in じゅうぞう.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2018-04-03T19:02:06.107",
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57702
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57705
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57705
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{
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"body": "So I was translating this song (full lyrics:\n<https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/25196.html>) and I ran across this line\nwhich I'm very confused about.\n\n> お喋り顔事娘と 水槽の GID \n> 誤解を捕まえて 魚を釣るの\n\nMy attempted translation would be, \"A girl who pretends to be chatty and the\nGID of a water tank; seizing on the misunderstanding, and hooking the fish.\"\n\nMy biggest problem is お喋り顔事娘 - the translation above is the best me and some\nof my friends could get out of it when we tried to figure it out, but\nconsidering 誤解を捕まえて and the fact that when I was translating a different song\nby this producer, there was some wordplay having to do with misspeaking\n([Please help me with this sentence:\n手術台から...噛みました](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43525/please-help-\nme-with-this-\nsentence-%E6%89%8B%E8%A1%93%E5%8F%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-%E5%99%9B%E3%81%BF%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F)),\nI'm wondering if it's the same situation here, though after research I can't\nthink of what it might be or what's happening. The song is here:\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dyAlYhicXk> and that part is at 1:55.\n\nAny help would be appreciated! Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-04-03T17:30:01.790",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Translation of an odd line: お喋り顔事娘と 水槽の GID",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[
{
"body": "お喋り is 'chat', but 顔事娘と absolutely makes no sense if we read this in a normal\nway. I doubt the \"literal\" translation can be any better than \"face matter\ndaughter and\". If this is a pun, which is likely, the closest phrase that\nmakes some sense is お喋りかお仕事 (\"chat or work\"). Judging from the rest of the\nlyrics, perhaps 事 and 娘 were chosen almost arbitrarily.\n\n誤解を捕まえて魚を釣る is probably also a pun for\n[ゴカイ](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%B4%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E9%A1%9E)を捕まえて魚を釣る.\nゴカイ is a kind of fishing bait. Apparently 誤解 was chosen simply because it\nsounded similar, and I doubt there is a deep meaning in \"capturing the\nmisunderstanding\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T21:03:48.570",
"id": "57710",
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57703
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57710
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{
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"body": "So I was translating this song (full lyrics:\n<https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/25196.html>) and I came across this\nphrase:\n\nまるがなまな\n\nI doesn't seem to be connected to anything around it, and I'm having trouble\nmaking sense of it. The best I got was \"Being correct is only natural,\" then\nwith the masculine な particle after (though this doesn't fit with the rest of\nthe song). A friend of mine suggested that perhaps まる was being used as a\nplaceholder, as in○○, so ○○がな would be referring to katakana and hiragana, and\nthen まな would just be kanji, so the translation of the line would be something\nlike, \"Kanji and kana.\" This seems the most accurate to me, but I wasn't sure\nand wanted to get another opinion since this line is odd.\n\nIs the kanji and kana translation correct, or is this something else entirely?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T18:31:10.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57704",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Translation help with a strange phrase: まるがなまな",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "Perhaps this is an anagram of なるがままな, where 成る【なる】が儘【まま】 roughly means \"as it\nis\", \"let it be\", \"let it go\", etc.\n[あるがまま](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%9C%A8%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8C%E5%84%98) is a\nsimilar set phrase. Of course this could be a random phrase which has no\nparticular meaning (like Bibbidi-bobbidi-boo).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-04-03T19:59:40.687",
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57704
| null |
57706
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "57711",
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"body": "I’m preparing for a written exam at a beginner level and trying to expand a\nsimple sentence, (He) wears glasses:\n\n> めがね を かけて います。\n\nInto: “he wears glasses to read”, as in not all the time.\n\nMy first thought was:\n\n> めがね を かけて よんで います。\n\n, but it means, I think: (He) is wearing glasses and reading.\n\nI appreciate the answer might be a bit out of my depth, but it really bothers\nme now. Please help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T20:47:49.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "57709",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T21:33:45.510",
"last_edit_date": "2018-04-03T21:14:09.000",
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"owner_user_id": "19182",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Translation: Wear glasses to read",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "The easiest way to say this would be:\n\n> よむのに めがねを かけて います。\n\nの after よむ is a\n[nominalizer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29367/5010). に is a\nparticle that can mark a purpose. So よむのに is like \"for reading\" in English.\n\nYou can also say:\n\n> * よむために めがねを かけて います。\n> * よむときは めがねを かけて います。\n>\n\n～ために is another way of saying \"in order to\" (see [this](https://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/japanese-grammar-tame.html)). ～とき is \"when ～\" (see\n[this](https://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/toki-in-japanese.html)). There\nare small difference in meaning, but I think you can choose which is best in\nyour case.\n\nAs you have correctly guessed, \"めがね を かけて よんで います。\" is a correct Japanese\nsentence, but it means \"He is reading wearing glasses.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2018-04-03T21:28:36.133",
"id": "57711",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-03T21:33:45.510",
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"parent_id": "57709",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
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57709
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57711
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57711
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