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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "例えば「彼が結婚してるんだって」と「彼が結婚してるって」どう違いますか。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T11:00:33.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63389",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-14T11:10:44.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "32253",
"owner_user_id": "32253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"word-usage",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "「んだって」と「って」どう違いますか。",
"view_count": 1272
}
|
[
{
"body": "どっちも伝聞を言い表す表現ですが、「んだって」のほうがもっと主観的だとは言えるでしょう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T11:55:04.197",
"id": "63390",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-14T11:55:04.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
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{
"body": "意味的には同じです。ただ、「んだ」は助詞「の」と断定の助動詞「だ」からできた略語で、普通の「って」と比べれば断定を含む「んだって」の方がより強い表現に聞こえます。\n\nその違いから生じるニュアンスとしては、「って」の場合では、直接聞いた情報のように聞こえることが多いのに対して、「んだって」の場合では、既に永劫回帰さんが述べたように、少し主観的な感じがすることがあります。\n\n他にはないからあまり考えないで使っても誤解が生じることはないでしょう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T16:57:36.633",
"id": "64410",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "63389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
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63389
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64410
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I would like to know which is the difference between 詳しい and 細かい？\n\nWhen do I use each one?\n\nThank you so much in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T12:16:53.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63391",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Which is the difference between 詳しい and 細かい？",
"view_count": 863
}
|
[
{
"body": "The main difference I think is that 細かい can be to describe the\ndelicateness/fineness/smallness, for example for physical objects, but 詳しい\ncannot. Here are some examples:\n\n> 細かい砂 (fine grained sand)\n>\n> 肩が細かく震える (shoulders shook slightly)\n>\n> 細かい金 (small coins/money)\n>\n> 細かい違い (small difference)\n\nAnother main difference is that 細かい can be used for negative impressions,\nwhereas 詳しい cannot.\n\n> 細かい事まで口を出す (say things to the point of being too detailed)\n>\n> 金に細かい (stingy with money)\n\n詳しい is most often used about knowledge\n\n> 京都に詳しい人 (knowledgeable about kyoto)\n>\n> 詳しい調査を行う (perform a detailed investigation)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T13:23:09.887",
"id": "63392",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-14T19:16:00.617",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "63391",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "In the first place, 細かい can be used for **anything** that you conceive to have\nfine texture or grain size (literally or figuratively). 詳しい is only for\n**information**.\n\nWhen you use them on the quality of information, you may be confused because\nboth can be translated as _detailed_. But the basic difference is that: 詳しい\nmeans **rich in content** and not necessarily minute in scale, while 細かい still\ndescribes **how narrow the scope is** , not necessarily how dense the content\nis.\n\nImagine a digital image, where 詳しい is its resolution (amount of pixels), and\n細かい is zoom level. In some systems such as Google Earth, the more you zoom in\n(細かくする), the clearer the image becomes (詳しくなる). But however you zoom into a\nparticular section of an ordinary image, you are not able to get extra\ninformation, just those bigger squares (which, in turn help designers make the\nimage pixel-perfect).\n\n> マナーに **詳しい** 人 _who knows a lot about manners_ \n> マナーに **細かい** 人 _who is particular about manners_\n\nWhen you say 詳しいこと, it means additional information that can fill up your\nincomplete understanding at this point. 細かいこと, on the other hand, some minor\ndetail that don't change the bigger picture, which may be unimportant, or may\nbe crucial while you thrash out a contract.\n\n> **詳しい** 話が聞きたい _I'd like to know more of it._ \n> **細かい** 話が聞きたい _I'd like to know the specifics._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T04:04:17.480",
"id": "63401",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T04:04:17.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "63391",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
63391
| null |
63392
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "63394",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a follow-on question to [this\nquestion](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/476431/107198) which was asked\non the English Language stack.\n\nThe phenomenon in question is the typical Japanese workplace ritual where team\nmembers will begin the day with some type of communal mantra or recitation of\nthe workplace values, etc.\n\nThe question is whether there is a specific single word or term in Japanese\nfor this ritual and, if so, what is it called?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T13:59:26.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63393",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-14T15:54:17.670",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32114",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Japanese term for morning office mantra ritual",
"view_count": 767
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is part of 朝礼{ちょうれい} (chourei/chōrei). Here's some blog posts about the\npractice:\n\n * <https://newsnmylife.wordpress.com/tag/chourei/>\n\n * <http://ameliemarieintokyo.com/en/the-morning-greetings-in-japanese-work-place/>\n\n * <https://clivebgordon.com/2016/04/25/workplace-culture-shock/>\n\nMantra/company values are called 社訓{しゃくん} or 社是{しゃぜ}.\n\nThe part of 朝礼 that involves the process of chanting it I don't think quite\nhas a formalized name, but the most common seems to be 社訓を唱和{しょうわ}する. I've\nalso seen the following:\n\n * 社訓を朝礼で唱える{となえる}\n * 社是を唱える\n * 社訓を読み上げる\n * 経営理念唱和",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T14:27:54.410",
"id": "63394",
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"parent_id": "63393",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
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63393
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63394
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63394
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 山下先生のせんこうはれきしでしたか。\n\nTo answer the above sentence, would the sentences below be acceptable?\n\n 1. はい、そうでした。\n 2. はい、そうです。\n\nIs 1 the only acceptable answer since the question is in past tense?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T23:42:10.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63397",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T04:06:54.857",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-15T02:31:52.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32258",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"tense"
],
"title": "そうです or そうでした for sentences that end with でしたか",
"view_count": 296
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say\n\n> はい、そうです。\n\nbecause it means `Yes, that is correct`. Answering with `はい、そうでした` may be ok\nbut it sounds a bit strange to me as it sounds like `Yes, that was correct`.\n\nOther answers I may hear people say would be\n\n> はい、れきしでした\n>\n> はい、れきしです",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-14T23:56:36.030",
"id": "63398",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-14T23:56:36.030",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"body": "Both are possible, and the choice will depend on the context and the mood.\n(Why is the first question in the past tense?) If you are objectively saying\n\"Yes (that _is_ right)\", そうです is the natural choice. But そうでした is also fine in\nthe following situations:\n\n * When you are vividly recalling him at some point in the past (e.g., he is already a dead person and you remember the lecture he gave to you)\n * When you want to somehow emphasize his current major is no longer history\n * When the question reminded you of that fact ([modal-た](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40888/5010))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T00:30:50.537",
"id": "63399",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T04:06:54.857",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-15T04:06:54.857",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "63397",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
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63397
| null |
63399
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "63402",
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"body": "> girl「まさかお前っ……こ、こここの胸が私の魅力だと言いたいのか！？」\n>\n> mc「誰もそんなこと言ってないだろ！？」\n>\n> girl「…………」\n>\n> mc「ああ違う、魅力的じゃないとも言ってない！ いやすごい！ お前の胸はすごいよ！」\n>\n> **mc「でもそんなの魅力的って言われてもお前だって困るだろ！？」**\n\nuh no, i'm not saying that your boobs don't have appeal, rather they're\namazing, your boobs are amazing!\n\nbut even if (I am) saying that's your appeal, you are troubled too?\n\ni'm not sure what the MC is trying to claim in the last sentence, from the\ngirls initial reaction it's obvious she doesn't liker her boobs being her 魅力.\n\nthank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T03:58:45.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63400",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T06:08:19.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "魅力的って言われてもお前だって困る in this context",
"view_count": 93
}
|
[
{
"body": "A fairly literal translation might be something like:\n\n> But even if you were told that was attractive, you'd be bothered right!?\n\nIn parts:\n\n> そんなの(が)魅力的って言われても\n\nLiterally `Even if you were told something like that (of yours) was\nattractive`. The use of `そんなの` here is just to emphasize that the topic, `胸`,\nis in a genre of things that one likely wouldn't want to be complemented on.\n\n> お前だって困る\n\n`だって` is sometimes hard to translate literally, but this would be something\nlike `Even you'd be bothered` or `You'd be bothered too`. I would lean toward\nthe latter because it does a good job capturing the fact that the MC outright\ncomplementing a girl on her chest would presumably be awkward for both of\nthem.\n\nA fairly interpreted but more natural English translation might be something\nlike:\n\n> But that's not the kind of thing you want to be complemented on anyway,\n> right?!",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T06:08:19.000",
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63400
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"body": "First of all, I apologize if this question is better suited for the meta. It's\na little theoretical, but it's also very much about the Japanese language, so\nI figured it was fine here.\n\nI was looking at the wiki page for\n[readability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readability) the other day, which\nis full of formulas and methodologies for quantifying readability in English,\nand it got me wondering what this might look like in Japanese. Unfortunately,\nthe equivalent Japanese wiki page\n([可読性](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AA%AD%E6%80%A7)) provides no\nsuch convenient formulas, and it appears most of its sources are about English\nanyway.\n\nA cursory Google search for `可読性` or `可読性の測定法` turned up mostly design or\nprogramming related results, things about code readability, etc. I'm not sure\nif there's a better term for this in Japanese that I don't know, or if I am\nbarking up the wrong tree in some other sense.\n\nI know that there are grade levels assigned to a large number of kanji and\nthat these are taken into account when producing a lot of written work, but\nwhat are other ways in which the readability of Japanese text is measured?\n\nEdit: I've had much better luck Googling for `読みやすさ`, which seems to be the\nmore commonly used term. Not sure I have a complete picture yet though, so\ngoing to leave the question open for now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T06:44:44.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63403",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T00:06:42.100",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-15T07:17:26.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "7705",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension",
"linguistics"
],
"title": "How is readability measured in Japanese?",
"view_count": 415
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's unfortunate that wikipedia uses `可読性`, because the relevant terms here\nare `読みやすさ` and `リーダビリティ`.\n\nIn terms of how readability is actually measured in Japanese, as with English,\nit looks like there have been a variety of suggested solutions.\n\n[This blog post](http://doksyo-tek.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/05/19/104050)\nreferences a paper titled [Derivation of a Readability Formula of Japanese\nTexts](http://id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00037773/), which was published in English as\n[A Computer Readability Formula of Japanese Texts for Machine\nScoring](http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C88-2135). As detailed in the\nabstract, their formula aims to compute readability from a combination of four\n\"surface-level\" (see: no parsing required) things:\n\n 1. The average number of characters per sentence\n 2. For each type of characters (Roman alphabets, kanzis, hiraganas, katakanas), relative frequencies of runs (maximal strings) that consists only of that type of characters\n 3. The average number of characters per each type of runs\n 4. 読点 (comma) to 句点 (period) ratio\n\nNumbers three and four were particularly interesting to me as they look at\ndifferent types of characters, which is obviously not metric we can use for\nmeasurement in English.\n\nIn terms of more recent work, [Study on Japanese Text Readability and \"Easy\nJapanese\"](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nihongokyoiku/158/0/158_49/_pdf/-char/ja)\ngives a nice overview, and consequently also cites several other papers which\npropose more concrete methods for measuring readability. I think it's a pretty\ngood place to start for a more in depth look at readability in Japanese.\n\nI'm not going to try and reproduce every formula I've seen mentioned, but the\nsuggested metrics were mostly:\n\n * Measurements of the distributions of character types (what % were hiragana, kanji, etc)\n * Measurements of the distribution of word origins (what % were 漢語、外来語、和語, etc.)\n * Qualifications of grammar complexity, such as clause or predicate counts\n * Average sentence length \n\nLastly, [this\npresentation](https://shingi.jst.go.jp/past_abst/abst/p/08/804/nagaoka3.pdf)\nfrom 長岡技術科学大学's readability research center had some interesting graphs, and\n[this](https://jreadability.net/en/) is a fun tool that will do some\nreadability analysis on Japanese text for you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T00:06:42.100",
"id": "64492",
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63403
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64492
|
64492
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"body": "As I understand it, both of these approximately mean healthy or robust. I\noriginally thought that 丈夫 was more appropriate for inanimate objects and 元気\nfor living things, but now I get the impression it's not so clear cut.\n\nI'd like to know if there's a rule of thumb for when one or the other should\nbe used?\n\nI'm quite a new Japanese learner (as may be obvious) so please bear with me if\nthe answer should be evident.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T11:13:47.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63404",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T04:10:04.077",
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"owner_user_id": "19631",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference in nuance between 元気 and 丈夫?",
"view_count": 272
}
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[
{
"body": "I really like example sentences for sussing out differences like this. A lot\nof things become clearer with context - for example:\n\n * [元気](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%85%83%E6%B0%97%E3%81%AA&ref=sa)\n * [丈夫](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB%E3%81%AA&ref=sa)\n\nAs you can see, `丈夫` is indeed used more for inanimate objects, but it's not\nbecause there is a hard and fast rule about what each adjective can be used to\ndescribe, it's because the two words mean subtly different things.\n\n`元気` can mean healthy, but it most often means things like `energetic`,\n`cheerful`, `vigorous`, `lively`, etc. It primarily describes the way that\nsomeone or something acts or presents, so it mostly gets used with living\nthings.\n\n`丈夫` in general has more physical nuances - it tends to mean things like\n`sturdy`, `durable` or `rugged`. Consequently, you see it mostly describing\nthings.\n\nBoth words _can_ be applied to people, and might both be translated as\n`healthy` in some cases, but they mean different things. `元気` evokes images of\nsomeone who is cheerful, where as `丈夫` evokes an image primarily of physical\nhealth. You can be frequently hospitalized for a health condition and still\n`元気` if your attitude is good, or depressed and still `丈夫` if you work out a\nlot, but probably not vice versa.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-16T00:44:50.040",
"id": "64416",
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"body": "丈夫 is more associated with physical aspects. It is used for physical objects\nand their stability also. It is a minimum for well-being, it’s not necessarily\npositive but there are no problems to complain about. It’s often used to\ndismiss concern:\n\n> 大丈夫ですか？\n>\n> Are you okay?\n>\n> 大丈夫です。\n>\n> I’m alright.\n\nOn the other hand, 元気 is a state of being energetic. 気 is a life energy or\nspirit. It’s closely tied to Japanese Shinto religion and culture and uses\nexclusively for living things (plants and animals as well as people). It’s\nmeaning is difficult to describe in English but has the feeling of vitality or\nexcitement.\n\n> 子犬はとても元気ですね。\n>\n> The puppy is very energetic.\n\nIf you have been injured but have a positive optimistic outlook, you can still\nbe 元気. You can be physically okay but exhausted and your 気 would be drained.\nIf you are feeling sick, such as an infection, you would be 病気 and not 元気.\n\n> 久しぶりです。お元気ですか？\n>\n> I haven’t seen you in ages. How are you doing? (Is your spirit well).\n>\n> はい、元気です。\n>\n> Yes, I’m doing great. (I have good vitality)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T04:10:04.077",
"id": "64418",
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64416
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "63408",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 木造の建物 **なのでしかないけれど** 大変寒かったです。 \n> またフロントの方は夜帰るので、 **到着が遅れてしまい** 、申し訳ないことをしました。 \n> 8時 **で予約しました** が到着が8時40分頃になり、 **電話を頂戴しました** 。[from\n> here](https://www.booking.com/reviews/jp/hotel/beach-side-inn-\n> shirahama.ja.html)\n\n 1. What does なのでしかないけれど mean? I've searched but found nothing.\n 2. Who is the subject of 到着が遅れてしまい?\n 3. What does the particle で mean with the verb 予約しました? \n 4. 電話を頂戴しました means \"received a call\" but I don't understand how it fits the context?\n\nI understand more or less each word separately but can't understand the global\nstory from this text because of the omission of the subjects etc.\n\nPlease don't tell me that I haven't searched because it is not the case, I\neven have asked in some other places before posting here but nobody gave me an\nanswer.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T11:17:43.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63405",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T14:52:38.743",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-15T12:58:12.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Trouble understanding this small review",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. I think it is a typo. It would be 木造の建物なのでしか **た** ないけれど.\n 2. The reviewer. \n 3. It has the same meaning as 8時に予約していた (I made a reservation for eight o'clock). \n 4. I think that the reviewer received a call from the hotel receptionist because the reviewer was late.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T12:51:45.433",
"id": "63408",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T14:52:38.743",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-16T14:52:38.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "63405",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
63405
|
63408
|
63408
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64408",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Couldn't find the answer here, so I thought it would be a nice and easy\nquestion.\n\nWhich would be the right way to say \"Next 'ANY_DAY_OF_THE_WEEK'\"? Eg: Next\nMonday?\n\n次の月曜日 is fine? Are there any other ways to say it?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T12:16:45.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "63406",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T18:00:14.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32180",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"Next 'ANY_DAY_OF_THE_WEEK'\"?",
"view_count": 1504
}
|
[
{
"body": "As said in the comments, 来週の月曜日 for example would be the most common. And it\nwould be used to mean \"the monday of next week\" whereas 次の月曜日 would be used to\nmean \"next monday\" so there is a slight nuance.\n\n次の月曜日 means next monday as I said, so it can be next monday from any week (the\ncurrent one or next one). 来週の月曜日 specifically means that it is the monday from\nnext week that we are talking about.\n\n来月曜日 however is not used.\n\nIt is the same for \"previous week\". (先週の月曜日 and not 先月曜日)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T15:57:24.730",
"id": "64408",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T15:57:24.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "63406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "As pointed out in the comments and @SensitiveTesticle's answer, in colloquial\nJapanese, it's more frequent to say 来週の月曜日, meaning Monday of the next week.\n翌週{よくしゅう}の月曜日, 次週{じしゅう}の月曜日, 明{あ}くる週の月曜日 meaning Monday of the following week,\ncan also be used.\n\nThere are some phrases meaning \"Next ...\". For example, Next Monday can be\ntranslated into:\n\n * 次の月曜日：the following Monday. This is more common both in spoken and written languages than the following phrases except for limited contexts.\n * 翌{よく}月曜日：the following Monday. This is used mainly in written language, especially on business hours signs.\n * 来{きた}る月曜日：next Monday. This is used in formal language (possibly outdated), both spoken and written forms. Ancient texts could write this as 来月曜日.\n * 明{あ}くる月曜日：the following Monday. The nuance is similar to 来{きた}る月曜日.\n\nThe final 日 in each phrase can be omitted.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T18:00:14.340",
"id": "64412",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T18:00:14.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10490",
"parent_id": "63406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
63406
|
64408
|
64408
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64407",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't know exactly the difference between those two? What are the most\ncommons use for those ones?\n\nFor example, what are the difference between these sentences?\n\n> 友達に会った\n>\n> 友達に集まった",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T13:35:49.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64406",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T19:36:12.213",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32180",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between 会う and 集まる",
"view_count": 231
}
|
[
{
"body": "友達に集まった does not make any sense. It should be 友達が集まった. But even then the\nmeaning is not the same.\n\n会う : meet\n\n集まる : gather\n\n> 友達が集まった。 : my friends gathered\n>\n> 友達に会った。 : I met my friends\n\nThey aren't related at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T15:46:05.227",
"id": "64407",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T19:40:37.873",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "64406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
64406
|
64407
|
64407
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is what I know.\n\n1) Unlike, say, -p, the final -t of Chinese readings was maintained in careful\nspeech at least as long as the Christian resources of the XVIth century\n(Frellesvig 2010: 316-7). At least for some, there is a confirmed\northographical confirmation that there was no borrowing with epenthetic vowel.\n\n2) Most of these occur in words that, according to actual spelling, are hidden\nin kanji, making any kind of ‘tradition’ improbable.\n\n3) The overwhelming majority of those that survivd to modern jōyō list now\nclose it with -ツ.\n\n4) To the moment when the vowel was needed, there was no hearable Middle\nChinese to check any feature of readings.\n\nQuestion: why were some of the syllables fixed in -チ-readings? These are the\nones officially declared:\n\n * セチ 節 ‘node’ (Go-on)\n * ニチ 日 ‘day’ (Go-on)\n * バチ 罰 ‘punish’ (Kan’yō-on, for non-Jōyō ぼち)\n * リチ 律 ‘law’ (Go-on)\n * イチ 一 ‘one’, 壱 ‘judicial one’ (Go-on)\n * キチ 吉 ‘good luck’ (Go-on)\n * シチ 七 ‘seven’, 質 ‘content’ (also チ、Go-on)\n * ハチ 八 ‘eight’, 鉢 ‘bowl’ (Go-on)\n\nMost of these are 1) unique or occurring at most twice; 2) an astounding\nnumber are numerals. What is going on in the assigning of Go-on readings?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T15:59:23.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64409",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-10T03:12:45.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "How did the on-readings with -チ appear?",
"view_count": 255
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you quoted already チ is the sign of Go-on (呉音). Except 罰 is 慣用音 (which\nmeans the conventional pronunciation)\n\nMany websites suggest チ came from Go-on while ツ came from Kan-on (漢音). (see\n<https://www.goodcross.com/words/19848-2019> for example)\n\nBasically Go-on is older than Kan-on, which might explain why many numerals\nare Go-on.\n\nI am not sure of what your 1) means. At least Go-on is the sounds used in\nSouth China way before 15th century and they were delivered to Japan through\nKorean emigrants. Hence the difference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-07-10T03:12:45.067",
"id": "87416",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-10T03:12:45.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "45489",
"parent_id": "64409",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64409
| null |
87416
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Today, I've seen a question about 貸してあげる、貸してもらう\n\nHere's the context:\n\n> りえ : きれいなカメラですね。 \n> あや : これですか。山田さん_____ _____。\n\nThese are the choices:\n\n> 1. が、貸してあげました \n>\n> 2. に、貸してもらいました \n>\n> 3. が、貸していただきました。 \n>\n> 4. に、貸してくださいました。 \n>\n>\n\nI think 3 and 4 are incorrect but I don't understand the differences between 1\nand 2.\n\n山田さんが貸してあげました means Yamada gave lending a camera to me. \n山田さんに貸してもらいました means I received lending a camera from Yamada.\n\nI honestly think that 1 and 2 are correct but the answer has to be only one.\nCan anyone explain the differences please ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T17:15:33.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64411",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T01:30:12.660",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-16T01:30:12.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "貸してあげる、貸してもらう USAGES",
"view_count": 456
}
|
[
{
"body": "Lets look at each answer individually and analyze why there are\ncorrect/incorrect\n\n> **X** 1.これですか。山田さん **が、貸してあげました** 。\n\n**Incorrect.**\n\nThe red flag to me here is that あげる is a verb that [only the\nspeaker](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html) can do. So for the speaker\nto say that 山田さん is doing the あげる is grammatically incorrect.\n\n> **O** 2.これですか。山田さん **に、貸してもらいました** 。\n\n**Correct.** There are no grammar issues here.\n\n> **X** 3.これですか。山田さん **が、貸していただきました** 。\n\n**Incorrect.**\n\nいただく is only used with regard to the speaker. Like in the first answer, we\ncannot use いただく with respect to 山田さん.\n\n> **X** 4.これですか。山田さん **に、貸してくださいました** 。\n\n**Incorrect.**\n\nThis took a few minutes for me to figure out. The use of に is incorrect, as\nthere is no need for direction particles with giving. Giving verbs are always\n`(subject) gives _____.` With receiving there is a direction involved\n`(person) receives ____ from (giver).`",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-15T20:11:20.293",
"id": "64414",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-15T22:43:36.210",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-15T22:43:36.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "64411",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "[A.] あげる means to give 与える but the word itself contains connotation of from\nlower position to higher as its original meaning indicates (上げる）, even though\nthis word itself is not classified as honorific word.\n\nTherefore, speaker or 私 as object for あげる will never fit as matching couple.\nIn Japanese social value, 私 should not be placed at higher position.\n\n * 私に（ＸＸて）あげる should not be used like:\n * 山田さんが（私に）貸してあげました。\n * （私に）must be someone else.\n\n[B.] When speaker or 私 becomes receiver for the action of giving, もらう has been\nprepared in order to avoid case A. Object person for もらう is always 私 or people\nconsidered to be on speaker's side.\n\n（私が）山田さんに貸してもらいました。 is very reasonable expression for the situation asked in\nthis question.\n\n[C.] いただく is humble expression for もらう so that subject person for いただく must be\nspeaker or 私 including people considered to be on speaker's side.\n\nThere will be a possible situation that 山田さんが社長 に／から 貸していただきました。and while あや\nis holding that camera, りえ noticed the camera and she asked to あや. But it is a\nlong story and such story may not be the intention of this question.\n\n[D.] くださる is respecting expression for あげる so that subject person who does\nくださる should be higher position against receiver. Speaker or 私 only can fill\nthe position of object and may not be the subject.\n\nWho is subject person for 山田さんに貸してくださいました。? Again we will go to the story in\n[C.]. 社長が山田さんに貸してくださいました。\n\nAnd again, we will shut the possibility for such story.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T01:27:05.940",
"id": "64417",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T01:27:05.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32184",
"parent_id": "64411",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
64411
| null |
64414
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've been wondering about the different usages of しか and だけ. \nI understand that the first one emphasizes the feelings of the speaker,\nnegatively or positively. だけ is usually used with a positive verb (e.g.\n氷菓が一つだけあります), and the inverse goes to しか (e.g. うちから学校まで10分しかかかりません). \nI also know that だけ can be used with negative verbs if the sentence attributes\na characteristic to something (e.g. 私たちの先生は日本人だけじゃない).\n\nThe question is, however, if I can use だけ with negative verbs even if the\nsentence expresses an action (e.g. 明子だけに言いませんでした/明子にだけ言いませんでした).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T00:10:05.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64415",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T23:51:00.840",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-16T23:51:00.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32264",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-だけ"
],
"title": "Usage of だけ and しか",
"view_count": 220
}
|
[] |
64415
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64420",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How does one say \"it's the principle of the thing\", in particular for when\ngiving feedback.\n\nFor example, it's not the 1$ over change but the principle of the matter. (as\nin the one dollar doesn't really matter but the principle of being overcharged\nis what is at issue).\n\nI took a look at ALC and it gave me 原則{げんそく} and 基礎{きそ} but these don't really\nseem to fit the definition very well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T05:46:26.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64419",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T10:56:35.670",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-16T08:24:30.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Saying \"It's the principle of the matter\"",
"view_count": 284
}
|
[
{
"body": "主義{しゅぎ} is a principle or rule. I think this would apply to your personal\nprinciples or values.\n\nSo for the \"it is the principle that matters\", you could respond:\n\n> 私の主義ですから。\n>\n> Since it is my principle.\n\nAlternatively:\n\n> 主義が重要ですから。\n>\n> Since it is the principle that is important.\n\nFor a less literal translation,\n[Jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%89%A9%E3%81%AE%E9%81%93%E7%90%86)\ngives the meaning of 物{もの}の道{どう}理{り} as the \"principle of the thing\". So the\nmost fitting phrase would be:\n\n> 物の道理ですから。\n>\n> It is the principle of the thing.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T10:56:35.670",
"id": "64420",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T10:56:35.670",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "64419",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
64419
|
64420
|
64420
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64432",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there any difference in meaning between かなりうまい and 結構うまい? How about other\nusages?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T11:44:34.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64421",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T23:43:52.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26989",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference Between かなり～ and 結構～ as Adverbs",
"view_count": 428
}
|
[
{
"body": "かなり is a little stronger than 結構, i.e., かなり > 結構.\n\n> A はかなりうまい。\n>\n> B は結構うまい。\n\nIn this example, A is better than B.\n\nAlso, 結構 can only be used for positive evaluation.\n\nIf in daily use, I suggest that you use かなり.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T23:43:52.477",
"id": "64432",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T23:43:52.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32277",
"parent_id": "64421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64421
|
64432
|
64432
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64424",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came across the kanji\n[燕](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%87%95%20%23kanji), and found out about\n[嚥](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%9A%A5%20%23kanji) today.\n\nAccording to jisho.org, both translate to \"swallow\", except that the first one\nmeans swallow bird and the second one (with the \"mouth\" radical) means the act\nof swallowing.\n\nBoth kanji look very similar, and both English words are homonyms. After some\nresearch, I found that some people pointed out the fact swallows swallow\ninsects and hold them in their throat to feed their youngs, which indicates\nthis pair of words could be related at the other end of the world too.\n\nIt still seems mysteriously coincidental to me, which is why I decided to ask.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T13:36:48.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64422",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T14:15:52.400",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-16T14:15:52.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": "31988",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Is there a reason why 嚥 (swallow -deglutition) and 燕 (swallow -bird) are similar like in English?",
"view_count": 646
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe that the apparent relations are a coincidence.\n\n * The English _swallow (deglutition)_ and _swallow (bird)_ are unrelated, according to the Proto-Germanic reconstructions given in Wiktionary:\n\n * _deglutition_ ***swelganą**\n * _bird_ ***swalwǭ**\n * [_Zhengzhang's_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhengzhang_Shangfang) [Old Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese) phonetic series for「燕」( ***qeːns** ) suggests several semantic groups which are homonyms:\n\n * Those relating to _food_ (嚥, 讌・醼・宴 - _banquet_ )\n * Those relating to the bird (燕, 鷰, possibly 驠 - _horse with a white backside_ )\n * Those relating to a proper noun (燕, 酀)\n * A word meaning _beautiful_ (嬿)\n\nCoincidental homonyms for unrelated words are possible for any language, and\nit is likely that the Chinese words are just that.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T14:15:26.943",
"id": "64424",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-16T14:15:26.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "64422",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
64422
|
64424
|
64424
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64428",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As stated in the title - what is the correct reading of 血泡? I couldn't find a\ndefinitive answer (Jisho does not know this word at all, Google Translate\nthinks it should be kehhou, which seems unlikely). I ran across this in a book\nand while the translation seems clear ('blood bubbles' or 'bubbles of blood'),\nI'm not sure about the reading.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T14:49:58.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64426",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "What is the correct reading of 血泡?",
"view_count": 178
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not an answer per-se. I did research into the word and it appears to\nbe Chinese. So the reading in Japanese is a guessing game since it doesn't\nappear to be an actual Japanese word.\n\nThe candidates (including unlikely candidates)\n\n * けっぽう\n * けっほう\n * けつほう (probably definitely not this)\n * ちあわ\n\nOpinion: I would bet on ちあわ for reading it since it would be two separate\nwords in Japanese 血(ち) and 泡(あわ). In this particular case I don't think you'd\njoin the kanji's on-yomi reading rendaku'd or otherwise. Also, typing all 4\nspellings into my Japanese keyboard and ちあわ was the only one that came up for\na match at all and it was the first match.\n\nEdit: Chocolate said and linked to the fact that けっぽう gives several page hits.\nけっほう also gives some too. ちあわ also gives a few. This doesn't suggest that any\nof these answers are right though, just that a group of people were swayed\ntowards one spelling over another.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T15:21:34.107",
"id": "64428",
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"last_editor_user_id": "25654",
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"score": 0
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64426
|
64428
|
64428
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68281",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm a relative beginner to Japanese. I was trying to translate some song\nlyrics, and I got stuck badly on \"shows fear as he turns to hide\". If you\ndon't know the song, we are told of one man on a lonely platform with a case\nby his side. He reveals his fear as he turns to hide from two eyes staring\ncold and silent at him. As he's turning, a momentary expression of fear\ncrosses his face.\n\nHow would I best express this fleeting moment during a larger action in\nJapanese? I looked up a few things and none of them seem to fit exactly.\n\n * Maybe I want -ながら except every example I've found has talked about actions simultaneous with persisting states (watching TV) instead of events (turning to hide).\n * Maybe I want \"turn to hide\" in a とき clause, except every example seems to be events from the past. The song relates events in the present.\n * Or maybe I want the man on the lonely platform to \"怖がって\", changing it to before he turns to hide. This makes two simultaneous actions into sequential ones but for me it alters the nuance of the original lyric.\n\nWhat do you think?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-16T15:17:22.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64427",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T10:43:15.840",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T09:33:04.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"song-lyrics",
"time"
],
"title": "Translating \"(action X) as (event Y)\" - what grammatical structure fits best? (line in a song)",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "<https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AB-uchi-ni/>\n\nThis link might be helpful, an example about a third of the way down is:\n\n> わたしはその男｛おとこ｝の姿｛すがた｝を[見守]{みまも}っているうちに、自分｛じぶん｝がどれほど恵｛めぐ｝まれているかを悟｛さと｝った。\n\nwhich they translate to \"As I stood looking at him, I realized how rich I was\"\n, although it looks like it is in the metaphorical sense of rich with\nblessings.\n\nThere seem to be a good amount of examples where A~うちにB is used when B is an\nevent that occurs during the longer span of time of A.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T06:18:26.437",
"id": "68276",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T07:22:18.893",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-16T07:22:18.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34051",
"parent_id": "64427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "For this particular example, I would suggest against\nusing「ながら」,「しつつ」,「するのと同時に」or anything like that. I also would not worry too\nmuch about conveying the \"turn to hide\"; fun expressions like this may sound\ngood in English, but more often than not, they have no satisfactory\nequivalents in Japanese, and vice versa.\n\nIn other words, you do not want to be too fixated on translating everything,\nword for word, when dealing with song lyrics, poems and the like. What you do\nwant to focus on, especially if you are producing a translation that may be\nadded to a music video, is taking care not to make it too long and unwieldy,\nas otherwise it will be glaringly obvious that it does not match the tempo.\nOptimally you would also try to make it sound \"good\" in isolation as well,\nalthough you will almost certainly have to sacrifice faithfulness to the\noriginal in order to achieve the best result. I might go with something like\n\n> 恐{おそ}れを抱{いだ}き、身{み}を隠{かく}そうとする\n>\n> Feeling fear, (he) attempts to hide\n\nor maybe something to the effect of\n\n> 恐れをなした男{おとこ}は、隠{かく}れる場所{ばしょ}を探{さが}す\n>\n> Feeling fear, the man searches for a place to hide\n\nor potentially something like\n\n> 恐怖{きょうふ}を露{あらわ}にした男は、身を隠そうとする\n>\n> Showing his fear, the man tries to hide\n\nThese are all **good** options for translating the line, but based on my\nlimited sense of artistic value, they are far from **perfect**. Someone with a\nbetter sense for these things could potentially be able to come up with\nsuperior options... or not, since this isn't a forum for artists. You might\nwant to give the above suggestions to a Japanese songwriter and ask for their\nopinion as well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T07:53:53.843",
"id": "68281",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T10:43:15.840",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T10:43:15.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "64427",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64427
|
68281
|
68276
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 娘が一人で服が着られるようになった。\n\n着る is supposed to take を but it's using が here. Why?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-17T02:06:43.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64433",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-17T03:10:58.837",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-17T03:10:58.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Why is this sentence using が here?",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[] |
64433
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I always hear these three words by different people. Is there any difference\nbetween them?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-17T05:33:14.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64435",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-17T07:55:07.097",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-17T07:55:07.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32240",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Difference between 承知いたしました, わかりました and かしこまりました",
"view_count": 251
}
|
[] |
64435
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64439",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 試験の成績_____、合格か不合格かを決める。\n>\n> A. に伴って B. に基づいて C. 次第で D. のもとで E. に応じて\n\nWhich of the following fits the blank space best? They all have similar\nmeanings from how I see it (but definitely different usages) : to base on\nsomething.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-17T07:46:39.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64436",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-18T19:07:49.127",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Basing on~ the differences of these similar meaning words",
"view_count": 191
}
|
[
{
"body": "A. xxに伴ってyy means at the same time as an event/action like xx, yy occurs as\nwell. The results of a test aren't an event/action. Knowing the said results\ncould be such an event.\n\nB. xxに基づいてyy means to use xx as the standard/basis to do yy. The results of\nthe test are ~~probably not the only thing~~ used to judge whether or not\nsomeone passes ~~(homework and other tests probably matter too)~~.\n\nC. xx次第でyy means depending on xx, yy might or might not happen. The important\nthing though is that the subject/topic changes depending on the condition xx.\nThe subject/topic is clearly the person taking the class, which certainly does\nnot change. If instead it was 合格か不合格かは試験の成績次第だ, that would be acceptable. See\nmore here: <https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-to-express-\nconditions/#1>.\n\nEDIT: Or even better suggestion from the comments: 試験の成績次第で、合格か不合格かが決まる。\n\nD. のもとで means under the control/influence of someone or something.\nSpecifically, the **under** part is quite important. The results of a test\naren't really a thing that imposes a system that controls whether or not one\npasses.\n\nE. xxに応じて means the object changes depending on the condition xx. In this\ncase, the object is 合格か不合格か as it is marked with を, and it clearly changes\ndepending on the results of the test.\n\n~~The answer should be E.~~\n\nEDIT: Looks like the answer is B. I believe E is invalid because there's no\nactive subjective actor that decides whether or not you pass. B is entirely\nobjectively based on a standard (a rubric).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-17T16:44:12.863",
"id": "64439",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-18T19:07:49.127",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-18T19:07:49.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
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"score": 1
}
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64436
|
64439
|
64439
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64441",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So instead of\n\n> 再度感じる **くらいなら** 死んだほうがマ\n\nuse\n\n> 再度感じる**なら（むしろ）**死んだほうがマジ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-17T11:34:16.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64437",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-15T13:18:47.523",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-15T13:18:47.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "18134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can なら be used as \"rather than do...\" by itself, without くらい？",
"view_count": 159
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel like if you understood the grammar くらいなら properly, you would not be\nasking this question, so let me explain it so you can understand how to\ninterpret it correctly in the first place.\n\nくらい comes from the noun 位 which, if we look it up in a\n[dictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/63282/meaning/m0u/), originally\ncomes from 座に居る (座居 / くらい), which should mean 座る所に座る in modern Japanese. And\nfrom the examples we can see that a common word used to explain all the\nmeanings is 位置 (position, place).\n\nThis meaning hasn't changed much through history, and we can directly witness\nit with examples like 1位 (first place). For some reasons, people like to\nexplain it differently when it is used as a\n[particle](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/63287/meaning/m0u/). But the fact\nthat it became a particle does not mean that the meaning has changed.\n\nNow if we translate the くらい from the example sentences by \"position\" or\n\"place\", obviously it would not make much sense in English, but this is not\nabout translation, you rather want to get the logic behind it, and by seeing\nくらい just like the positions in a ranking list:\n\n[](https://puu.sh/Cj890/8acc98647f.png)\n\nYou should have no problem understanding it in whatever situation it's used\nin.\n\nFor example, let's take the following example sentence:\n\n> 目に見えない位小さい\n\n「位」 indicates the position/rank/place on a scale where the \"thing\" (which we\ndo not know about in this sentence) is 目に見えない (not visible), and the whole\nexpression 目に見えない位 can be seen as an adverb the same way as an adjective like\nすごく is used as an adverb in すごく小さい.\n\nAnyway, I don't think you need an explanation for なら, so let's take a look at\nyour sentence directly:\n\n> 再度感じるくらいなら、死んだほうがマ **シ** （だ）。\n\nWhat I've been saying until now applies to this sentence as well: If (なら)\nplace (くらい) where I feel it again (再度感じる), the part/side (ほう) where I died\n(死んだ) is better (マシ) → _If place where I feel it again, the part where I died\nis better_.\n\nJust looking at this sentence, we instantly know it's the singular form of the\nfirst person. However, if we take out the くらい:\n\n> 再度感じるなら、死んだほうがマシだ。\n\nIt kinda feels like the 再度感じるなら is about someone else (the interlocutor)\nbecause of the 感じる, whereas the 死んだほうがマシだ is about yourself (= if you feel it\nagain, I'd rather die). So although it's grammatically correct, I feel like\nit's (semantically) a bit unnatural in this specific sentence (at least\nwithout context).\n\nSo let's look at another sentence from\n[Weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%22):\n\n> 金を出すくらいならたくさん出せ。 = _If place where you give money, give much_ = If you're\n> going to give money at all, give much.\n\nHere if we take out the くらい, we can see that it is perfectly fine:\n\n> 金を出すならたくさん出せ。 = _If give money, give much_ = If you're going to give money,\n> give much.\n\nI think the translations say it all, so to answer your question:\n\n> Can なら be used as “rather than do…” by itself, without くらい？\n\nFirstly, what gives this \"rather than...\" nuance to your sentence is the\n...たほうが... and not the くらい, so your question doesn't really make much sense.\n\nOtherwise, yes なら can be used without くらい in some sentences, but as we've seen\nthe meaning changes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-17T19:15:37.260",
"id": "64441",
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}
] |
64437
|
64441
|
64441
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone help me understand what ミラー(mirror) is referring to below and how\nit relates to 光が飛んで. Is this related at all to\n[白飛び](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/113080/meaning/m0u/) or does it mean\nsomething else?\n\n> よし、んじゃカメラはそこな。あとは小道具のセッティングだけど \n> え？ もうやってくれたのか！ さすが頼りになる部員たちだぜ \n> んじゃ、青空をバックに小鳥が飛ぶシーンから撮るぞ～ \n> そーそーそのアングル。けど、それだとちょっと **光が飛んで** んな…… **ミラー** ある？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-17T23:52:39.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64443",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-25T05:07:25.653",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-26T04:25:29.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does ミラー and 光が飛んで mean in this passage?",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, you have the right idea. 白飛び = overexposure, where the highlights can't\nbe recovered by post-processing. 光が飛ぶ has the same meaning. (黒つぶれ is\nunderexposure.)\n\nミラー in this case means a reflector to illuminate the scene, more commonly\nreferred to as レフ板 or リフレクター.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-07T00:03:34.527",
"id": "64764",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-07T00:03:34.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31492",
"parent_id": "64443",
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"score": 2
}
] |
64443
| null |
64764
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64449",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From a blog about Death Note:\n\n> 自分に付き纏い始めた何者かを葬り去るためのキラの作戦が展開されたわけですが、 さすがキラの頭脳は普通ではないと思わせるような計画の内容でした。\n> 私なら、とにかく捜査官の顔写真と名前を入手して、自分で写真を見ながら名前を書くでしょう。\n> **しかし、ファイルを入手する過程で何らかの”足”が付きそうですね。** まさか、自分のパソコンにデータを送ってもらうわけにも行かず、\n> となるとレイのパソコンを強奪するしかないわけです。 でもノートパソコンって．．． あんなもんブラ下げていたら、結構目立つんですよね。\n\nContext: the author is trying to analyze if Light made a mistake by killing\nRay Penber, the detective that was investigating him. After finding out his\nname he set up a scenario where he made Ray write all the names of the fbi\nagents in japan investigating in a page from the death note with predetermined\ndetails of their deaths.\n\nI think the author is saying that if he was in that case he would find a way\nto get the fbi agents names and photos and he himself would write them on the\ndeath note (instead of having another person doing it).\n\nThen this sentence appears しかし、ファイルを入手する過程で何らかの”足”が付きそうですね。 which I think\nmeans It seams there's (already?) somekind of way of being carried out?\nattached to the method for finding the information of the agents.\n\nThen I think he is saying that he can't get that information sent to his\ncomputer, so his only choice would be to steal his laptop. Then here:\n\n> でもノートパソコンって．．． **あんなもんブラ下げていたら** 、結構目立つんですよね。\n\nbut the laptop... if something like that is hanging, if would be very\nnoticeable (suspicious?)?? if ブラ下げる is transitive who is the agent?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T00:22:20.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64444",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-18T07:00:00.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 足 and ブラ下げる",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 足 is jargon meaning \"trace\" such as a fingerprint, a footprint, DNA, log\ndata, etc. It's mainly heard in detective stories. In this context 何らかの足\n(\"some kind of trace\") refers to the log data of the hacked system.\n\nThis ぶら下げる is a _transitive_ verb that means holding/hanging something like a\ntote bag. The intransitive version is ぶら下がる.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T07:00:00.370",
"id": "64449",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-18T07:00:00.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 3
}
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64444
|
64449
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64449
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64450",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a boxer has a lot of female fans that worship him because of his\nhandsomeness. They call him 王子. His trainer is a pervert who likes to receive\nanal sex from women with sex toys. In an extra scene at the end of the manga,\nthe boxer and his trainer meet a female fan that hands him a lipstick and a\npaper sheet saying:\n\n> この **メスブタ** めに〝お恵み〟を与えて頂けないでしょうか…\n\nThe boxer rubs the lipstick on his lips and kisses the paper sheet. Then he\nsays:\n\n> **欲しがりなブタ** は嫌いじゃあない\n\nAfter this, the trainer takes the lipstick and asks:\n\n> この **オスブタ** めの〝穴〟に恵みをくださ〜〜い♡ ミストレス\n\n1) What is the meaning of メスブタ and オスブタ in this context? I know they are the\nfemale and male of the pig, but do they have a metaphorical meaning here?\n\n2) What is the め after メスブタ and オスブタ?\n\n3) What is the meaning of 欲しがりなブタ? How does ブタ as a suffix work?\n\n4) Why is it じゃあない and not じゃない in the second sentence?\n\nHere's [the original page](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4wX82.jpg). Thank you for\nyour help!\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nI found [here](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E9%9B%8C%E8%B1%9A) this definition\nof メスブタ:\n\n> SMプレイ時に興奮度を高めるなどの目的で、サディスト側がマゾヒスト側へ投げかける言葉の一つ。\n\nBut still, why does she call herself メスブタ？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T04:15:37.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64446",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-11-12T03:26:57.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"puns",
"metaphor",
"jokes"
],
"title": "Sexual joke/pun with メスブタ and オスブタ",
"view_count": 536
}
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[
{
"body": "1. メスブタ is used when people insult women. This オスブタ is a parody of メスブタ.\n\n 2. め is used when people insult something or themselves.\n\n 3. It means \"a pig that covets anything\", and it is similar to 欲張り.\n\n 4. We sometimes write phrases with emphasis on vowel like that. 嫌いではない、嫌いじゃない and 嫌いじゃあない are the same meaning, and they are more casual in decreasing order.\n\nAs for your last question, it is because she effaced herself in front of the\nperson she worshipped. This whole coversation is SM-ish.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T09:25:05.613",
"id": "64450",
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"score": 3
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|
64450
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 鈴木よ、聞いてやるな。そちらの道には君の息子が気に入っている娘がいるのだ\n\nContext: 鈴木 asks his son what was in that direction since his son was looking\nthat direction. Then someone else said the above sentence.\n\nI'm confused about the part 鈴木よ、聞いてやるな. It's especially confusing how the 'な '\nis used here. Can anyone can help me?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T10:47:16.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64453",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-05T13:38:53.603",
"last_edit_date": "2019-02-05T13:38:53.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "32290",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"sentence-final-particles",
"imperatives",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "How is な used here?",
"view_count": 188
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the な is the negative imperative meaning **_don't do_**. So, the\nspeaker is telling 鈴木 to not ask his son. The second sentence shows the\nspeaker's reasoning with the explanatory のだ: because there's a girl 鈴木's son\nis interested in on that hill.\n\nHere's another answer regarding this: [When is \"na\" used at the end of a\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33969/when-is-na-used-\nat-the-end-of-a-sentence)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T16:06:31.263",
"id": "64457",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-18T16:06:31.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10045",
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"score": 5
}
] |
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| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> A : 会議は何時ごろ終わりますか？ \n> B : もうしばらく____はずですが。\n>\n> 1.終わり 2.終わる 3.終わった 4.終わらない\n\nI've been pondering why the answer has to be 4. \nCan anyone explain it to me please?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T10:54:27.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64454",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-18T13:13:19.087",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Which form of 終わる should I use here?",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "The correct answer should be #4 終わらない because しばらく means \"for a while\" and not\n\" _in_ a while / _after_ a while\" or \"a while _ago_ \".\n\n> もうしばらく終わらないはずですが。 \n> _lit._ I think it won't finish for a little while more.\" \n> → \"I think it will continue for a little while more.\"\n\nTo use #1, #2 and #3, you'd need to change the sentence this way:\n\n> 1 → もうしばらく **で** 終わり **の** はずですが。(adding の since 終わり is a noun form) \n> \"I think it will finish in a little while more. / soon.\" \n> 2 → もう しばらく **で** 終わる / しばらく **すれば** 終わる はずですが。 \n> \"I think it will finish in a little while more. / soon.\" \n> 3 → もうしばらく **前に** 終わったはずですが。 \n> \"I think it already finished a while ago.\" (The もう here means \"already\".)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T23:05:01.290",
"id": "64465",
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64465
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "2回見るのは当然やろ？？\n\nMy native language is English and I want to agree with the person but I'm not\nsure how. The person is my friend and I want to know how to agree with a\nperson when talking as a friend. This isn't a formal conversation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T13:06:19.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64455",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T15:39:56.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32292",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "今日本語習ってるんですが、この質問どうやって答えるん？",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "Oh, fascinating question, because there are so many ways to communicate your\nacknowledgement, just like there are so many in English, too. It does reflect\nthe personality of the speaker somewhat, but to be honest, I don't know which\nform conveys what impression, why, or if that impression is universally held.\n\nI'm not native to the dialect you are learning, but just to name a few,\n\n * うん\n * そうそう\n * だよね\n * あー\n\nI almost think what you say doesn't matter too much, it's the whole\ncombination of what you say, your facial and body expression that deliver the\nmessage. For example, you can probably say 「なに言うてんの」 (what are you saying?)\nwith sufficient smile and giggling, and that will be received as an agreement,\nnot as an objection.\n\nYou have a friend who speaks Japanese that you seem to be conversing, so there\nshould be a plenty of opportunities for you to watch them react positively\nlike this. See how they are doing it, copy some of them, and see how others\nreact when you do it. I think you'll soon find your own voice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T15:39:56.493",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64490",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a bit lost understanding and translating elements of this text from the\n1840s, even after persevering for a couple of days.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/olMVy.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/n6rXv.png)\n\nTwo versions (with reasonable detail when viewed at actual scale).\n\nMy best attempt so far regarding transcription/translation is:\n\n治{ぢ}承{しょう}四{よ}年{ねん}八月中{なか}句{ば}右{う}兵{ひょう}衞{えの}佐{すけ}頼{より}朝{とも}公{こう}源{げん}家{け}再{さい}興{こう}を思{おぼし}召{めし}給{たま}ひ所{しよ}々[／＼]の源{げん}氏{じ}をかたしひ手{て}始{はじめ}に先{まづ}當{とう}國{ごく}の目{もく}代{だい}山{やま}木{き}判{はん}官{がん}兼隆{かねたか}を打{..た}んとて北{ほく}條{じょう}時{とき}政{まさ}を大{たい}将{しょう}と／＼山{やま}木{き}ろ舘{たて}に乱{らん}入{にゅう}大{おう}合戦{かっせん}の圖{づ}\n\nJishō yonen hachigatsu naka [ba] Uhyōe-no-suke Yoritomo-kō Genke saikō o\noboshimeshi tama hi shosho no Genji o katashi hi tehajime ni [mazu] tōgoku no\nmokudai Yamaki Hangan Kanetaka o [..n?] tote Hōjō Tokimasa o taishō toto\nYamaki ro tate ni ran'nyū ō-kassen no zu\n\nPicture of the intrusion at the Yamaki palace during the great battle in the\neighth month of the fourth year of the Jishō era [September 1180], when Lord\nYoritomo the Assistant Captain of the ‘Right Division of the Middle Palace\nGuards’ of the Genke thought to restore the Genji [......] during the reign of\nYamaki Hangan Kanetaka [......] general and father Hōjō Tokimasa.\n\nForgive the errors so far, it's a work in progress!\n\nI have confusion or queries with:\n\nLine 1: 句 looks like it is read as ば (ba), despite 句 having readings of く\n(ku), こう (kō) or すく (suku). Any thoughts?\n\nLine 3: 源, the furigana looks like けん instead of げん. Genke 源家 is an\nalternative name for Genji. Is it occasional practice to omit the 'dakuten' in\nearlier texts?\n\nLine 3: unsure of use/meaning of 給 (たま, tama) and ひ (hi).\n\nLine 4: Is it a fair call to say that 所 (しょ, sho) is followed by 々 (with\nfurigana ／＼ kunojiten) rather than a く (ku); thus しょしょ(shosho); “here and\nthere/several places”? If so, I can't make sense of the expression in relation\nto the rest of the text.\n\nLine 4: Not certain if this is supposed to be かたみ (katami) or かたし (katashi),\nbut presume the latter; “difficult, hard.” Used with ひ (hi)?\n\nLine 5: 手(て)始(はじめ)に (tehajime ni), “at first/at the outset/to begin with?”\n\nFurther, I think the 4th character is 先... the furigana seems to suggest a\nreading of まづ (mazu)/まず, certainly not せん (sen). But what does it mean?—先ず,\nまず, “first (of all), to start with, about, almost, anyway, well, now, hardly\n(with neg. verb)”—especially in the context of the preceding characters?\n\nLine 5: 當國 = tōgoku, “a country”?... I can see the two characters used\ntogether on some Chinese websites but putting it into online Japanese\ndictionaries doesn’t get me very far.\n\nLine 5: 目代 (もくだい) = mokudai. Moku = a counter for ‘go’ pieces? Dai =\n“generation/reign.” Meaning?\n\nLine 7: 打 (...た, ...ta): I can’t make sense of this if the kanji is right!\n\nLine 8: 大将 (たいしょう, Taishō), the furigana しょ in front of the う doesn’t\ncorrespond to any reference I have, it looks like one character. Also, the\nfurigana き in Yamaki 山木 (やまき) looks like a za ざ. Again, can’t find any\nparallels.\n\nLine 8: Is this ろ (ro)? If so, would it attach to the Yamaki (Yamaki-ro), and\nwhy?\n\nLine 9: 入(にゅう) looks as if the furigana is truncated to にう omitting the ゅ.\nAgain, assuming the character is correct, is this possible/common for this\nperiod?\n\n* * *\n\nNotes: Regarding Minamoto Yoritomo’s official appellation _Uhyōe-no-suke_ :\n_Uhyōe_ (右兵衛) is composed of the characters for “right,” “soldier/army,” and\n“defence/protection,” literally “right army defence,” or “right military\nguards,” and to my knowledge _suke_ (佐) can be translated as “Vice-“ or\n“Assistant Captain.” Yoritomo’s rank within the _Uhyōe-fu_ (右兵衛府), the “Right\nDivision of the Middle Palace Guards,” was part of the _Ritsuryō_ (律令) system\nthat defined a system of ranks ( _kan’i_ , 官位) and positions within the\ngovernment. The word _Genke_ is also used (... _Uhyōe-no-suke Yoritomo-kō\nGenke_...): the names Taira and Minamoto were known by alternatives, used\ninterchangeably, even though Taira and Minamoto were essentially family names.\nThe Heike and Genke names were normally associated with the Genpei War: Heishi\nand Heike for the Taira, and Genji and Genke for the Minamoto.\n\nUseful references: <http://hikog.gokenin.com/hiraganagojuonjun.html>\n<https://wakancambridge.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/hentaigana-chart.jpg>\n<http://naruhodo.weebly.com/uploads/9/7/3/4/9734434/kuzushikana.pdf>\n\n* * *\n\nAny observations/suggestions appreciated. Cheers.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dzt8k.jpg)",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-18T19:05:18.603",
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"id": "64460",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-19T07:49:11.397",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"readings",
"classical-japanese",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Questions on an 1840's text: Battle at Yamaki Palace 治承四年八月中句右兵衞佐頼朝公",
"view_count": 354
}
|
[
{
"body": "## Questions and Answers\n\nI'll answer your questions in order.\n\n> Line 1: 句 looks like it is read as ば (ba), despite 句 having readings of く\n> (ku), こう (kō) or すく (suku). Any thoughts?\n\nThe kanji are used here as a kind of 熟字訓【じゅくじくん】 for the word _nakaba_ ,\ncommonly spelled in the modern language as 半ば. Even then, I'd expect to see 中\n**旬** instead; I wonder if the author is being poetic by using 句 (\"verse,\nstanza, phrase\") instead of the similarly shaped 旬 (\"ten-day period, portion\nof a month\").\n\n> Line 3: 源, the furigana looks like けん instead of げん. Genke 源家 is an\n> alternative name for Genji. Is it occasional practice to omit the 'dakuten'\n> in earlier texts?\n\nThe use of 濁点【だくてん】 was only standardized some time after the end of WWII,\nwith earlier texts apparently using the 〃 and ゜ marks as a kind of optional\nindicator. See also [the Japanese Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E7%82%B9).\n\n> Line 3: unsure of use/meaning of 給 (たま, tama) and ひ (hi).\n\n給【たま】ひ is the 連用形【れんようけい】 of the verb 給【たま】ふ, used as a kind of auxiliary to\nindicate respect for the agent of the main verb.\n\n> Line 4: Is it a fair call to say that 所 (しょ, sho) is followed by 々 (with\n> furigana ／＼ kunojiten) rather than a く (ku); thus しょしょ(shosho); “here and\n> there/several places”?\n\nThat's sure what it looks like to me.\n\n> If so, I can't make sense of the expression in relation to the rest of the\n> text.\n\nPresumably, 所々の源氏 would mean \"the Genji [households, family members] in\nvarious places\".\n\n> Line 4: Not certain if this is supposed to be かたみ (katami) or かたし (katashi),\n> but presume the latter; “difficult, hard.” Used with ひ (hi)?\n\nThe 崩【くず】し字【じ】 are certainly hard to read. In this case, I think this isn't\n_katashi hi_ , but rather _katarahi_ , the 連用形【れんようけい】 of verb かたらふ, modern\n語【かた】らう, \"to be telling [continously, repetitively]; to consult with; _[in\nthis context especially]_ to make an ally of; etc.\".\n\n> Line 5: 手(て)始(はじめ)に (tehajime ni), “at first/at the outset/to begin with?”\n\nCan't think what else this would be.\n\n> Further, I think the 4th character is 先... the furigana seems to suggest a\n> reading of まづ (mazu)/まず, certainly not せん (sen). But what does it mean?—先ず,\n> まず, “first (of all), to start with, about, almost, anyway, well, now, hardly\n> (with neg. verb)”—especially in the context of the preceding characters?\n\nまづ is the historical kana spelling for 先【ま】ず, as you note. Grammatically, this\ndoes make sense here, emphasizing the 手始【てはじ】め that comes just before. We\ncould just as well swap the word order and say 先ず手始めに.\n\n> Line 5: 當國 = tōgoku, “a country”?... I can see the two characters used\n> together on some Chinese websites but putting it into online Japanese\n> dictionaries doesn’t get me very far.\n\n當 is the 旧字体【きゅうじたい】 for 当, just as 國 is the 旧字体【きゅうじたい】 for 国. Note also that\n国 in the context of pre-Meiji Japan internal geography often referred to a\nprovince rather than a country. So 當國 = 当国 = \"the province in question, the\naforementioned province\", which in this context would be [Izu\nProvince](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izu_Province), where Yamagi no\nMunetaka held the post of 目代【もくだい】.\n\n> Line 5: 目代 (もくだい) = mokudai. Moku = a counter for ‘go’ pieces? Dai =\n> “generation/reign.” Meaning?\n\nAccording to Shogakukan, a 目代【もくだい】 was a government position starting from\nthe late-Heian, essentially serving as a representative or agent of the\n国【くに】の守【かみ】.\n\n> Line 7: 打 (...た, ...ta): I can’t make sense of this if the kanji is right!\n\nIt's definitely the correct kanji. 打つ = \"to strike, to crush, to conquer, to\nsubjugate\" etc. etc. The conjugation here is うたむ, where む is the volitional\nthat became う and then merged with the preceding //a// sound to become the うとう\nform in modern Japanese. In certain cases, the む instead becomes ん, such as in\nthe set phrase ～`[未然形]`んとする meaning \"about to do X\", from ～`[未然形]`むとする. In the\ntext in the images, 打たんとて or 打たんとし seem like they might fit, as these would be\nappropriate in expressing the intent of Minamoto no Yoritomo. See also [the\nwriteup of the battle on the Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A9%8B%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84#%E5%B1%B1%E6%9C%A8%E9%A4%A8%E8%A5%B2%E6%92%83),\nwhere the first line of the linked paragraph looks like a modern rendering of\npart of your same quoted text.\n\n> Line 8: 大将 (たいしょう, Taishō), the furigana しょ in front of the う doesn’t\n> correspond to any reference I have, it looks like one character.\n\nThis looks to me like せ. せ was apparently pronounced as //ɕe// up through at\nleast 1603, as seen [here in the\n日葡辞書](https://books.google.com/books?id=TFJAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP590#v=onepage&q&f=true)\nwhere ⟨xe⟩ is the Portuguese spelling of the time for せ, and where [the\nPortuguese ⟨x⟩ is pronounced as\n//ʃ//](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_orthography#Letter_names_and_pronunciations).\nThis is how せう in historical kana orthography came to be pronounced as しょう.\nThe 将 kanji itself has an historical kana orthography of しやう, but if the\nwriter was only aware of this as the reading //ɕoː//, they might not have\ndifferentiated しやう and せう, and thus might have picked the \"wrong\" one for the\nfurigana.\n\nIn fact, we see this same furigana at the very beginning, where 治承 is given\nthe kana ぢ **せ** う instead of the \"correct\" spelling of ぢ **しよ** う.\n\n> Also, the furigana き in Yamaki 山木 (やまき) looks like a za ざ. Again, can’t find\n> any parallels.\n\nIt's a ぎ. If you zoom in a bit in both images, you can see that the top\nhorizontal stroke is there -- it's just faint.\n\n> Line 8: Is this ろ (ro)? If so, would it attach to the Yamaki (Yamaki-ro),\n> and why?\n\nI believe this is a slightly distorted の. Referring to your two charts for\n[hentaigana](https://wakancambridge.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/hentaigana-\nchart.jpg) and [kuzushi\nkana](http://naruhodo.weebly.com/uploads/9/7/3/4/9734434/kuzushikana.pdf)\nseems to reinforce my hunch. In both charts, the diagonal top-to-left-bottom\nstroke in the ろ is very pronounced, while it is nearly missing from the\ncharacter in the text. Meanwhile, the の in the charts sometimes shows the\nstroke beginning by poking out a bit above the rest of the character, and this\nis also the only kana with such a top portion where the tail could reasonably\ncurl so far to the left, as seen in the text. This also fits grammatically.\n\n> Line 9: 入(にゅう) looks as if the furigana is truncated to にう omitting the ゅ.\n> Again, assuming the character is correct, is this possible/common for this\n> period?\n\nThe historical kana for 入 are にふ. Due to phonetic changes in the language,\nmedial (mid-word) //f// sounds tended to either drift towards //w// or\ndisappear altogether, so the ふ here would have been pronounced as う. We know\nthat the にふ from 入 was already pronounced as にゅう as early as 1603, as noted\n[here in the\n日葡辞書](https://books.google.com/books?id=TFJAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP369#v=onepage&f=false)\n(left-hand column). So here too, it's possible that the writer spelled based\non their own understanding, using the furigana にう, which would also be read as\nにゅう.\n\n→ Separately, I also note that 舘 is given the furigana たち in the text, not たて\nas in your draft. The former reading is more specifically about a _redoubt_ or\nother defensible position, and fits this context a bit better.\n\n## Alternative Rendering\n\nHere's my take on a reading:\n\n> 治{ぢ}承{せう}四{よ}年{ねん}八月中{なか}句{ば}\n>\n> 右{う}兵{ひよう}衞{えの}佐{すけ}頼{より}朝{とも}公{こう}\n>\n> 源{けん}家{け}再{さい}興{こう}を思{おぼし}召{めし}給{たま}ひ\n>\n> 所{しよ}々[／＼]の源{げん}氏{じ}をかたらひ\n>\n> 手{て}始{はじめ}に先{まづ}當{とう}國{ごく}の目{もく}代{だい}\n>\n> 山{やま}木{き}判{はん}官{ぐわん}兼隆{かねたか}を\n>\n> 打{うた}んとて北{ほう}條{じよう}時{とき}政{まさ}を\n>\n> 大{たい}将{せう}とし山{やま}木{ぎ}の館{たち}\n>\n> に乱{らん}入{にう}大{おう}合戦{かっせん}の圖{づ}\n\nSee if the above makes things make more sense for you, and post or comment\nwith any further questions.",
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"body": "I was reading an interview with a author about her serialized story\n\n『やが』も佳境といいますか、最終章と呼んでいいところまで到達しました。最後まで見届けていただけると……って、こんな「もうすぐ終わり」みたいな雰囲気を出してしまっていいのかな？（笑）。\n\nSo, in my opinion, I think it makes more sense if 章 refers to a story arc in\nthis comment (the last one) rather than chapter, but when looking in the\ndictionary, the only meaning for 章 is \"chapter\" or \"section\". Does it really\nmean chapter in this context or can this word also be used to say \"arc\"?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T20:07:04.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "31757",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can 章 be used to mean \"story arc\"'?",
"view_count": 670
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[
{
"body": "When technical correctness matters, 章 normally means \"chapter\", something\nsmaller than 部 (\"part\") and bigger than 節 (\"section\"). But 最終章 in this context\njust vaguely refers to \"the final part\" or \"climax\" of the entire series, and\nyou should not try to analyze it too strictly. Perhaps even the author does\nnot know exactly when the 最終章 started. 最終章 can be used more or less\nidiomatically (e.g. 人生の最終章). It could have been 最終節 or 最終盤.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "Not sure why, but although I'm not bad at understanding japanese, sometimes\nthere are messages like this I cannot understand at all. Could someone help me\nunderstand how the overall grammar works here ?\n\n> 1| ドラゴンボールワールドツアー当日予選大会\n>\n> 2| 4枠中、2枠しか出れない+シングルイリミのルール\n>\n> 3| 行く人はツイッターで牽制してて既に戦いが始まってる感\n>\n> 4|ルール的には最後に行うであろう4がいいはずやけど、\n>\n> 5|それで4に強い人が集まりすぎると逆に美味しく無いし、どこ登録するかの読み合いが難しい\n\nI guess I kind of understand the first sentence, which seems to give context\n(It's about the day of the Dragon Ball World Tour preliminary tournament)\n\nNo idea for 2|, although I understand the _\" single elimination rule\"_ part. I\ndon't understand what 枠 means in this context. It doesn't make sense to me.\n\n3| Not sure about that one either, maybe the 感 at the end bears the meaning of\n_\" I have the feeling that...\"_ but again, the overall sentence doesn't make\nsense to me. _\" I have the feeling that the persons who will go will do XXX on\ntwitter, and the fight will have already started\"_. Sounds horrible to me! :p\n\n4|I still don't know what 枠 means here, except that there are 4 of these.\n\n5| _''And then, when the ones who are strong against '4' will\ngather.....(something)''_ Sounds more like the start of a legend to me than a\ntranslation coming from a tweet... :p\n\n**OK** , so I literally did not understand anything from this tweet. I'm not\nsure if it's about the vocabulary, or the grammar, or both. But this tweet\ntotally throws me off. How would you translate it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T21:10:30.927",
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"id": "64462",
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"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Trying to understand this tweet",
"view_count": 337
}
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[
{
"body": "It's mainly about the understanding of the rule of the event...\n\n * This 枠 (\"slot\", or in this context \"bracket\") refers to [these 4 independent LCQ (last chance qualifier) tournaments](https://smash.gg/tournament/red-bull-final-summoning) that will be held before the day of the grand final. As of the writing of this tweet, each player was able to enter only two of them, but looks like this [restriction was waived later](https://twitter.com/PhongDacBiet/status/1075167013792755712).\n * Yes 感 is a suffix meaning \"feeling of ～\", and this is technically a long [体言止め](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010) sentence. \"I have the feeling that\" is the correct interpretation. 牽制 (\"keeping in check\") refers to all the \"metagaming\" happening on Twitter, something like \"I'll enter LCQ #2 and #3 (so others may want to avoid these)\", \"I think I'm gonna use this character (although I may be lying)\". This tweet itself may be a 牽制 because it's somehow trying to discourage people from applying to LCQ #4.\n * 4に強い人が集まり過ぎる is not \"too many players who are strong against 4 gather\" but \"too many strong players gather to LCQ #4\".\n\n* * *\n\nHere's my translation (the original Japanese is using more casual and loose\ngrammar)\n\n 1. Dragon Ball World Tour LCQs (literally \"same-day preliminary tournaments\").\n 2. One cannot enter more than 2 brackets out of 4 + Single elimination rule.\n 3. Contestants are playing mind games on Twitter. It kinda feels like the battle has already started.\n 4. According to the rule, LCQ #4 (presumably the last one) should be the most advantageous, but...\n 5. If too many strong players gather to #4, that's not good. The mind reading of which LCQ to register with is difficult.\n\nI don't know why this person is thinking #4 is the most advantageous, but\nthere may be some explanation on the official rule book.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T07:16:27.623",
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"accepted_answer_id": "64484",
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"body": "> 犬は雪の中を走ってボールを取りに行く。\n>\n> 時間がありまして、映画を見ました。\n\nAre the grammar in these two the same? If yes, why is there a comma in the\nsecond one and not in the first one?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T22:33:20.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64464",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs",
"て-form",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "What does te form of verbs mean in these two sentences?",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, they are the same. The て-form is used in both cases to connect multiple\nactions together (often sequentially in time). You can think of it as the\nEnglish `and`.\n\nIn Japanese, the comma can be used basically whenever one wants to indicate a\nbreak in thought. It is also fairly optional. That is to say, there's no real\ndifference in using a comma or not here. It's an optional separator.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T17:00:34.850",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64468",
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"body": "I am not sure what verb I would use for \"packing up\" (e.g. Packing clothes\ninto a suitcase). Would I use the verb 詰める {つめる}, which is \"to stuff into?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T23:23:57.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64466",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-19T00:02:45.720",
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"owner_user_id": "31755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "What is the correct verb for \"packing up?\"",
"view_count": 481
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, you would use 詰める. (you can also use variants such as 詰め込む)\n\nYou can get a lot of example sentences on\n[Google](https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-\nab&ei=G4UZXLjfDsWYa8-qhMAM&q=%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%81%AB%E8%A9%B0%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B&oq=%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%81%AB%E8%A9%B0%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B&gs_l=psy-\nab.3..0i5i30.35407.37353..38107...0.0..0.154.1636.6j9......0....1..gws-\nwiz.......0i71j0i4j0i67j0i5i4i30j0i5i4i10i30.m3Wngnb51Hw), too.\n\n[This one](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E8%A9%B0%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B) is\npretty useful as well.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T23:40:53.550",
"id": "64468",
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{
"body": "[荷造]{に・づく}り specifically means \"packing up\". The verb would be 荷造り（を）する.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-19T00:02:45.720",
"id": "64469",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "78",
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"body": "What I mean is, is there any overlap? are you allowed to speak in a way that\ncombines both forms of speech? like are there words that, even if using formal\nspeech, are typical to use casual speech for and vice versa?\n\nI really struggle getting my head around it, like whether or not people are\nstuck with using one form or the other. (I know they can change depending on\nwho they're speaking to, but I mean naturally within a conversation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-18T23:29:15.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64467",
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"owner_user_id": "26497",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 21,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"keigo",
"casual"
],
"title": "Can polite and casual Japanese be combined?",
"view_count": 2767
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, absolutely. It's called \"style shift.\" There's a [whole book about\nit](https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.180), and it's covered in brief in _A\nDictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar,_ but in short:\n\nThe most common place to hear style shifts is when the background style is\npolite. In most conversations in です・ます style between native speakers you will\nhear shifts to plain form. Here are some reasons it happens:\n\n * The speaker is expressing their feelings emphatically. (So, to go back to your question: -しい adjectives often appear in plain form even during a polite conversation. e.g., I'm eating lunch with a superior and take a bite of something delicious; I'm likely to say 「おいしい！」, not 「おいしいです」.)\n * The topic has shifted from, say, business to \"So, what are you doing this weekend?\"\n * The speaker is switching from an explanatory to conversational tone.\n\nThis is far from unique to Japanese; you hear it in English conversations as\nwell; it's just that we don't tend to mark politeness level syntactically.\n(And yes, there are also shifts from plain to polite style.)\n\nShifting style in a natural way takes a _long_ time to learn as a JSL speaker.\nYou know how you get to the point where you don't have to think about は and が\nanymore, when you can just feel which one is right? Style shifting is like\nthat but takes even longer. It's probably not even something you can study,\nper se; you just have to listen to and participate in lots and lots of\nconversations with native speakers.\n\nOh, one interesting thing: if you ask Japanese speakers about style shift,\nthey will often deny that it happens and/or not notice that they're doing it.\n\n(Hat tip to Prof. Amy Ohta at University of Washington, who has studied this\ntopic at length and taught me most of what I know about it.)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T00:42:49.513",
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"body": "I have started learning Japanese a couple of days ago. One of the new\nexpressions I have just encountered is \"けっこうです\". In this case, is the \"っ\" not\npronounced at all? And if it really isn't, could anyone explain to me why っ is\nincluded in the middle of the expression?\n\nThanks in advance, FS",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-19T00:39:36.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64470",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Use of っ in けっこうです (kekko desu)",
"view_count": 1730
}
|
[
{
"body": "The small tsu character, っ is used to indicate a double consonant. So, for\nexample:\n\nにっぽん (nippon) - Japan\n\nけっこう (kekkou) - fine\n\nさっか (sakka) - author\n\nThe last one you can compare to さか (saka), or hill. Saying sakka takes about\n30-50% longer than saying saka, because the double consonant takes a certain\namount of time to pronounce (you almost take a break during the double\nconsonant, like you're saying \"sak-ka\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-19T00:51:12.880",
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{
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"body": "can I say しごとがんばってね for saying have a nice day at work? do I need the particle\nと to make it \"with work\" しごととがんばってね",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-19T01:38:57.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64473",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-19T02:43:19.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32241",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "is \"と” always needed for when saying \"with?\"",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese がんばる is a **transitive** verb that means \"to work hard on/with ～\".\nThat is to say, you have to say しごと **を** がんばってね if you don't want to omit\nparticles, but しごとがんばってね is fine in casual conversations, too. しごと **と**\nがんばってね is ungrammatical.\n\nIn general, と meaning _with_ cannot be easily omitted like が/は/を. Being able\nto omit と freely would obviously introduce a lot of confusion and ambiguity.\nFor example, 彼【かれ】映画【えいが】見た【みた】 will always mean \"He watched a movie\" rather\nthan \"I watched a movie with him.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T02:43:19.993",
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"body": "Why do some past tense ru verbs conjugate with た(食べた) and others with った(帰った)？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-19T07:44:21.040",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Verb past tense",
"view_count": 148
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{
"body": "The auxiliary verb for the past tense is actually た in the case of 帰る too, and\nnot った.\n\nIn Japanese, to conjugate a verb, we first have to conjugate it to the correct\n[verbal form](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_verbs) (= 未然形,\n連用形, 連体形, 終止形, 仮定形 or 命令形). And then stick an auxiliary verb (助動詞) to it. You\ncannot stick any 助動詞 to any verbal form, so this has to be memorized, but it\nbecomes pretty logical if you dig deeper.\n\nFor example the 未然形 is literally the \"imperfect form\" (form of a verb that has\nnot been done yet), so it makes sense that the ない (which is the 助動詞 for\nnegation) has to be used with the 未然形, and not with the 命令形 for example (which\nis the imperative form). So for a verb like 書く, you would have to turn it into\nits 未然形, which is 書か, and then add the 助動詞 ない to it → 書かない.\n\nAnyway I wont go into the details, but the 助動詞 た has to be used with the 連用形\n(= \"continuous\" form) of a verb. So here are a few examples:\n\n> 受ける → 受け （連用形） → 受けた （+た）\n>\n> 買う → 買い （連用形） → 買った （+た）\n>\n> 入る → 入り （連用形） → 入った （+た）\n\nNow for it to make sense, you should know that originally in Japanese, the っ\ndid not exist, so they had to fully write the words without any abbreviation.\nThe 連用形 for 帰る is 帰り, so they had to write 帰りた. The reason why the っ appeared\nand they started writing った instead of the full form has to do with phonetics.\n\nSo although the forms seem different, they actually are the same → 連用形 + た for\nevery verb, some just have their 連用形 abbreviated.",
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"body": "Is this (the phrase/word ごとが) a grammar point or vocabulary? I tried to look\nit up in Takoboto dictionary but it doesn't return a specific word.\n\nAlso, if the phrase/word 「ごとが」 is a grammar point. How do I use it?\n\nThe context, where I found the word, lies in the song 翼をください ([an ending song\nversion of\nNichijou](http://nichijou.wikia.com/wiki/Tsubasa_wo_Kudasai#Japanese))",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T17:00:46.713",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"parsing"
],
"title": "What does「ごとが」mean?",
"view_count": 226
}
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[
{
"body": "I'm assuming you mean the ごとが in\n\n> いま私の願いごとがかなうならば翼がほしい\n\nIf this is the case, then you're parsing the sentence incorrectly. The ごと\nforms part of a noun phrase with 願い. You can find it on [Takeboto under\nお願い事](http://takoboto.jp/?w=1949390). Here's the underlying structure (I've\nused bold to highlight the different grammatical components):\n\n> **願いごと** が **かなう**\n\nThe が is your standard subject marker. Thus, the subject of the sentence is\n願いごと and the main verb is かなう, which means for a 願い to be come true/be\nfulfilled.",
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"body": "Presumably you are referring to this part of the lyrics:\n\n> いま わたしの願い **ごとが** \n> 叶うならば 翼が欲しい \n> この 背中に鳥のように \n> 白い翼 つけてください\n\nIn which case you are parsing it incorrectly. It actually breaks down like\nthis\n\n> いま わたしの 願いごと が\n\nWhere 願いごと means \"desire\" or \"thing wished for\". In conjunction with the next\nline, it's saying \"If my wish were fulfilled now...\"",
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T17:16:17.393",
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64485
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64486
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"body": "I understand that たっぷり and たくさん means \"a lot\" but how can you tell apart the\nright time to use one or another.\n\nPlease point me a couple of examples.\n\nThanks\n\nまいど ありがと",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T17:17:23.910",
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"owner_user_id": "18124",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between たっぷり and たくさん?",
"view_count": 507
}
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{
"body": "* たくさん works both as an adverb and a no-adjective. たっぷり is an adverb. \n\n> * たくさんの水: OK\n> * たっぷりの水: NG (たっぷり is not a no-adj)\n\n * たっぷり sounds a little more colloquial.\n * たっぷり mainly refers to the amount of uncountable things such as liquid, cream, time, etc. たくさん can modify both countable and uncountable things.\n\n> * 時間をたくさん使う: OK\n> * 時間をたっぷり使う: OK\n> * 本をたくさん読む: OK (sounds like you read _many_ books)\n> * 本をたっぷり読む: OK (sounds like you are reading for a long time, the number\n> of books is not imortant)\n> * 人がたくさんいる: OK\n> * 人がたっぷりいる: NG (人 is countable)",
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"body": "I have the following scene. Three ancient persons were roused (by persons K\nand I) from a place they were resting in for a LOOONG time. Specifically the\nlogical/knowledgeable one mentions that it seems that \"2-3 cycles of\nreincarnation\" have passed (２～３回は輪廻が巡る月日). I should note that the franchise in\nquestion is not religious at all so I'm just assuming this is a fancy way to\nsay that entire eternities might have passed.\n\nThe same person also notes that it's likely that given the time that has\npassed that they themselves have changed/were tampered with during all that\ntime.\n\nTo this all the leader comments:\n\n> まったく… ”あやつ”に関わると摩訶不思議な事ばかり…\n\nat the last ellipsis she cuts off because she is suddenly struck with an kinda\nunrelated vision/memory.\n\nFrom what I was able to determine あやつ is the kinda old timey third person way\nto speak abusively or disparagingly about someone. The old timey aspect fits\nbecause this character does have a tendency to mix in arhaic expressions.\n\nWhat I'm wondering is who does the word reffer to. And how to translate this.\n\nI have a feeling that she might be trying to say:\n\n> Good grief, whenever you tangle with the rabble/those bozos, mysterious\n> things (are bound to happen).\n\nwith the bit in the parenthesis being what I think she might have said if she\nwasn't cut off.\n\nI also think that she isn't directly reffering to K and I, given that they\njust roused them, and have only now met them so they kinda don't fit.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-19T18:23:58.777",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Who would あやつ reffer to in this context and other considerations",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, あやつ is an old-sounding version of あいつ. More precisely, あいつ in modern\nJapanese is an euphonic sound change of あやつ.\n\nI don't know who this あやつ refers to, but since it's enclosed in double-quotes,\nI feel the author is aware that this あやつ may seem confusing. So it's possible\nthat it's referring to someone who has not appeared in the story yet, for\nexample someone she met several \"cycles\" ago, someone who has something to do\nwith that \"kinda unrelated vision/memory\". If this is the case, the subject of\n関わる is _I_ or _we_ , the roused one(s).",
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"body": "I've got confused and have a few questions:\n\nIn some situations speaker is obligated to change the particle e.g. answering\nyes/no questions.\n\n> Question: あなたはくじ **に** ひこうきにのりますか。(A)\n>\n> Answer: いいえ、わたしはくじ **には** ひこうきにのりません。じゅうじにのります。(B)\n\nBut what if I do not answer any question? I can simply say:\n\n> 本をたくさん読みます。(C)\n\nIs it grammatically correct?\n\nThe verb here is 読み (read). \nRead what? > A book = 本 = direct object \nWho read? > I read = わたし = subject (implied)\n\n1.) Is it correct to say:\n\n> 本はたくさん読みます。(D)\n\nIn this situation we will have two は in one sentence:\n\n> (わたしは)本はたくさん読みます。(E)\n\nIs this situation OK? Isn't it confusing for the person who is a receiver of\nthis statement?\n\n2.) Do we have to change を to は in negative statements?\n\nOr is it correct to say:\n\n> 本をたくさん読みません。 (F)\n\nOr should it be:\n\n> 本はたくさん読みません。 (G)\n\n3.) How do we exactly understand statements F and G?\n\nDo the particles have impact on meaning here?\n\nThank you very much in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-19T19:26:37.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64491",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Changing を to は in negative statements",
"view_count": 1088
}
|
[
{
"body": "[This answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1130/32315) talks a bit\nabout the にand には differences. I think a good distinction to make is that には,\nとは and such should be treated as special particles - you can't really just\ncombine particles willy-nilly.\n\nAs for the other sentences, the は in D, G and E don't really make sense (at\nleast to me), mainly because a sentence can't really have two subjects. So C\nis the best.\n\nNow this extends to the negative sentences as well. In your examples you'd\nstill use を.\n\nAlso, the use of たくさん doesn't really make sense in a negative sentence.\nInstead you should say \"not much\" or あまり.\n\n> 本をあまり読みません。\n\nFinally, just an extra note. You can use 本は by making 読む a passive verb.\n\n> 本は読まれました。\n\n( The book was read. )\n\nHope this helps!",
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"body": "In fact, both E, G make sense to me, but one condition. 本は読まない sounds that you\nare implying reading something else, like manga. But you're expected to\nexplain the alternative after that. Let's say you have habits (A,B,C,E) but\nthe speaker just asks you \"Dをしますか？\", you probably say \"Dはしません でもAはしますよ\". It's\nequal to say \"I don't do D but I do A\" which is the same category to the\nquestion. So 本はたくさん読みません tells you don't just read books but you wanna say\nthat you have another thing that you do a lot.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-24T16:33:53.560",
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64494
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"body": "In Japanese, long vowels ā, ī, ū are written as ああ (aa), いい (ii), うう (uu).\nHowever, ē and ō, in most cases, written as えい (ei) and おう (ou), but in other\ncases as ええ (ee) and おお (oo).\n\nFor example:\n\n * 先生{せんせい} -> sensei\n * 姉さん{ねえさん} -> neesan\n\nI used to believe that _ei_ and _ee_ are exactly the same, and should be\npronounced as ē (ee) regardless of spellings.\n\nBut today I saw this answer by a native speaker:\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30039/30724>\n\n> せ、ん、せ、い。 （or せ、ん、せ、え。）\n\nThey pronounced 先生 as either `せ、ん、せ、い` (se|n|se|i) or `せ、ん、せ、え` (se|n|se|e).\nThis confuses me.\n\nShould ei/ee, ou/oo be treated the same?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-20T01:28:24.387",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"long-vowels"
],
"title": "Do native speakers pronounce long vowels えい or おう as one long vowel, or two different vowels?",
"view_count": 2622
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{
"body": "I can offer a little bit of insight on this. I teach English to young Japanese\nkids, and in a recent lesson, we were comparing the sounds of the names of\ndifferent English letters and grouping them according to which names had\nsimilar sounds. For example, out of the letters A, N, Y, D, K, P, I, H, M, T,\nthe task was to recognize that D, P, T all ended with \"ee\" sound.\n\nOf course, for Japanese people, this is actually represented with the hiragana\nい ... as a result, many of my students thought that it was odd not to include\nA, K, I and Y in that group, because in the Japanese way of thinking about\ntheir sounds, they all end in い as well.\n\nWhen I played the names of A, K, and H together, though, students realized\nthat they were a better \"grouping\" because they all contained the \"ay\" sound,\nwhich in Japanese would be represented with the hiragana えい.\n\nLikewise I and Y \"go together because they both have the sounds あい.\n\nI only use this example to point out that Japanese people are very attuned to\nthe a, i, u, e, o sounds, and can easily distinguish between an elongated ええ\n(ee) and a blended えい (ei). In Naruto's answer from the other Stack Exchange\nlink you found, where he said that Japanese people would \"sound out\" the word\nsensei like this\n\n> せ、ん、せ、い。 （or せ、ん、せ、え。）\n\nI am not sure that they really would use the second version... the combination\nof えい is not meant to elongate the え... when I ask my fellow teachers to sound\nout words containing えい like sensei, they have always used せ、ん、せ、い, and not\nせ、ん、せ、え. The sound is noticeably different. \"Relaxed\" speech might produce a\nsound closer to せんせ without the い sound at the end, but that's not an\nacknowledgement of a deliberate elongation of え, that's just casual speech.\n\nThis reddit conversation follows a similar line of questioning, and might be\nuseful:\n\n<https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/8zgwh7/in_am_%E3%81%88%E3%81%84_sound_isnt_the_%E3%81%84_supposed_to_elongate/>\n\nおう on the other hand, is a different case. A う following a kana ending with an\nお sound elongates the お sound. う is a \"weaker\" sound than お, and becomes\nsubsumed in it. When \"saying it out slowly\" however, Japanese people are\nlikely to enunciate the う sound as \"oo\", mainly to clarify which kana to write\ndown, not to imply that that is the proper pronunciation. This is because おお\ncombinations also exist.\n\nto sum up, えい sound combinations are NOT meant to elongate the え sound, and\nJapanese people are very aware of and can clearly hear the two separate\nsounds, while おう sound combinations ARE meant to elongate the お sound, and\nJapanese people recognize this elongation, and PROBABLY do not usually\nenunciate or clearly hear the う within the long sound.\n\nThe one exception for this is when the う sound following the お sound is not\npart of the same kanji the お sound is part of. As Eiríkr Útlendi mentioned in\nthe comments, verbs ending in う with a preceding お sound will clearly\npronounce the う, and this is because the う is the part of the word that\nidentifies which type of verb it is, and which ends up being conjugated. Also,\nwords consisting of multiple kanji, where one ends in お and the next starts\nwith う, will follow this rule as well. Where there are both in a single kanji,\nhowever, the \"elongated お\" sound is the rule.",
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"body": "> 名前は南空ナオミ。元FBI捜査官だそうです。 **名前が名前だし** 両親が日本にいるのだから日本人なのでしょう。\n\n南空ナオミ is the name of a Japanese detective in death note. I think the author is\nsaying that because of her name and both her parents being in Japan, it\nappears that she's Japanese (I think し can be used as a \"because\")\n\nそれが無理ならせめて「ワターシ、ニッポンゴシャベレマセーン」と日本語そのままで喋って\n**視聴者とリュークの受けでも狙え。狙ってどうするというツッコミは聞こえません。**\n\nThe author is complaining that the detective Ray Penbar should have done\nsomething to revert the situation he was in to not get killed by kira. Then he\nsays that if that's not possible for Ray to do, he could've make it look like\nhe doesn't speak Japanese (because he is American) and the rest I can't\nunderstand. Why is he including the audience and Ryuk, and what does ツッコミ\nmean?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-20T02:43:24.753",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 名前が名前だし, 受けでも狙え and ツッコミ",
"view_count": 179
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{
"body": "Aside from [this usage](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60465/5010), `X +\nが/も + X + だから/なので/etc` is a way to remind X as a reason for something. It\nroughly means \"(as you know,) because of the (unusual) X\". Examples:\n\n * 時間も時間なので、今日は帰りましょう。\n * 値段が値段ですし、たくさんは売れないと思います。\n * 私は性格が性格なもので、よく人と言い争いになることがあります。\n\n* * *\n\nYour second question is harder to explain, but it's basically a kind of joke\ncalled セルフツッコミ, a _tsukkomi_ made against one's own _boke_. If you don't know\n_boke_ and _tsukkomi_ , please learn them first elsewhere, for example\n[this](https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/BokeAndTsukkomiRoutine) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17870/5010).\n\nSo, in this paragraph, this blog author has been making fun of how useless\nPembar was (Pembar could do almot nothing before he was killed). Then he made\na _boke_ sentence, \"Penbar at least should have made Ryuk and the audience\nlaugh by saying 'Watashi nippongo shaberemaseen'!\" This may not seem funny to\nyou (it's actually not particularly funny to me, either), but this is intended\nto be a silly statement, or a _boke_. Here, ワタシニホンゴワカリマセーン itself is\nrecognized as a classic and cheesy Japanese _boke_ said to get a laugh (google\nit if you're interested).\n\nThen 狙ってどうする followed, which roughly means \"What's the point of trying to do\nso (i.e., trying to make them laugh)?\", and it's working as a self- _tsukkomi_\n, the act of correcting his own silly joke and getting another laugh.\n～というツッコミは聞こえません (\"I don't (want to) hear such a _tsukkomi_ like ～\") is a bit\nredundant, but basically he is pretending he said the previous sentence\nseriously. (Maybe it's like \"no _boke_ intended, just like how English\nspeakers say \"no pun intended\" when a pun is intended.)",
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"creation_date": "2018-12-20T13:48:58.177",
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64495
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64503
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64503
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"body": "I stumbled again on a **[word](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91)**\nthat is labeled as sensitive.\n\n> This time it's **移民** which means:\n\n**Noun, Suru verb, No-adjective**\n\nemigration; immigration [sensitive] (only the suru verb is labeled sensitive)\n\nExample:\n\n> 合衆国はながいあいだ長い間「るつぼ」としてし知られているが、それはこくみん国民のほとんどがいみん **移民** のしそん子孫だからである。\n\nThe United States has long been known as a \"melting pot\" because most of its\npeople are descended from **immigrants**.\n\nI don't think that feels **\"sensitive\"** at all...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8ORhM.png)\n\nSince this is already my 2nd question about sensitive word, I should cite some\nmore credible\n[**source**](http://edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/Editorial_policy#Sensitive_Terms):\n\n**Sensitive Terms**\n\n> As in any language, there are words and terms in Japanese which need to be\n> used with care and sensitivity, as they may be blunt, cause offence in some\n> contexts, etc. In JMdict there is a \"sens\" tag which may be associated with\n> one or more senses of an entry to indicate that the term should be used with\n> a degree of caution. Determining which terms should be regarded as sensitive\n> is quite difficult. In general the major Japanese-English and English-\n> Japanese dictionaries do not attempt to indicate them, probably because they\n> are usually compiled for Japanese users who do not need to be told this.\n>\n> A useful reference is a list of problem terms ( **放送問題用語** ) based on a 1983\n> publication by NHK. That list, for example, includes virtually every term\n> which includes **盲/めくら** (blindness), so for **盲窓/めくら窓** it advises that \"\n> **外見だけの窓** \" be used instead. Some of the prohibitions seem extreme; for\n> example 医者 is on the list, with the advice that **医師** or **お医者さん** be used\n> instead, however foreign learners of Japanese are usually taught 医者 without\n> any qualification. Note that the list is over 30 years old, and there are\n> reports that it is not being followed completely now. The list is\n> categorized according to whether terms are banned (×), have some\n> reservations (△) or are uncertain (？), and the \"×\" tag is applied to 122\n> terms.\n>\n> While there can be no hard and fast rules, it is suggested that people\n> submitting or amending entries apply the following guidelines when\n> considering whether the entry should include a \"sens\" tag.\n>\n> If the term is already tagged as \"derog\" (derogatory) or \"vulg\" (vulgar\",\n> there is no need for any additional \"sens\" tag. In fact it is preferred that\n> where appropriate \"derog\" or \"vulg\" tags be used; inclusion on the NHK list\n> referenced above, particularly if it has an \"×\" tag, may indicate the need\n> for a \"sens\" tag, however it needs to be assessed on a case-by-case basis.\n> The list, for example, says that 新平民 should not be used, but since it is an\n> archaism there is no need to state it is sensitive. The list includes 板前\n> (chef) and recommends 板前さん be used instead, but it is clear from word-\n> frequencies that 板前 alone is much more widely-used; where appropriate\n> consider a note indicating preferred alternatives, e.g. for 医者, a note\n> \"pref. 医師, お医者さん\" may be appropriate.\n\nSo, in conclusion there are three tags: **_derogatory_** , **_vulgar_** , and\n**_sensitive_**.\n\n[**Digging deeper into the\nsubject**](http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~marld/allow_to_follow/marld/nhk.html):\n\n(it's included in 禁止・差別用語とされる用語の一覧 [A list of prohibited and is considered\ndiscriminatory terms], actually there are hundreds of 'sensitive' words\ninside, but I just pick one here.)\n\nThere are three entries labelled as 'x' -> 'x' means banned according to the\n[Editorial\npolicy.](http://edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/Editorial_policy#Sensitive_Terms)\n\n> **移住**\n>\n> **移住者**\n>\n> **海外移住者**\n\nAccording this source, one of the usage where it's okay to use:\n\n> ブラジルにおける「移民50年祭」など固有の名称だけ用い、原則として〔換言〕\n\n**My questions:**\n\n 1. Why is this word **移民** considered sensitive? Why do you think these three words are \"banned\"?:\n\n> 移住\n>\n> 移住者\n>\n> 海外移住者\n\nIs it correct to ban or even consider these words sensitive?\n\n 2. I suspect that this source has already become obsolete mostly, it doesn't reflect modern Japanese usage anymore. So if it's true that **it's obsolete** , **is there any 'more' credible source to show the real 'sensitive' Japanese word list** that foreigner will not use it accidentally? (please differentiate this with 'vulgar' and 'derogatory' (even though this may overlap, probably you can make notes in your answer)\n\n 3. About this **移民** , [**there is a lengthy explanation and history about this word**](https://www.weblio.jp/wkpja/content/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91_%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81#%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81), can someone probably link this history with the word (my Japanese may not hold a candle to the standard, so I need help someone explain if there is correlation with the word being sensitive)\n\n4.This might be asking too much, but If you're a native Japanese, what makes\nyou think that a word is considered as:\n\n> vulgar\n>\n> derogatory\n>\n> sensitive to your ear\n\nThank you for all your answers!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T05:31:55.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64498",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-20T17:19:37.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "10323",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"etymology",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Why is \"移民\" labelled as a sensitive word in the dictionary? (in relation with or without the history behind the word)",
"view_count": 532
}
|
[
{
"body": "I personally do not see 移民 as a sensitive word, and I believe it's safe\nespecially when the 移民 themselves are happy and proud of being 移民. But\naccording to [this\narticle](http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2017/1/31/imin-ha-\nsabetsugo-1/), a few people seem to believe it has a connotation of\n\"abandoned/expelled from their homelands\".\n\n>\n> NHKホームページに問い合わせをしたら、(snip)このような経緯があったことを明らかにした。「以前、ある番組の中で『移民』という表現をしたら、『移民した人を傷つける言葉だ』と抗議をうけたことがあります。『棄民のニュアンスがあるから使うべきでない』とのご意見でした」とその担当者は説明した。さらに「南米の方が誇りを持って使っているのであれば、まったく問題ないでしょう。むしろ、誇りのニュアンスがあって、その言葉でしか表現できないのであれば、なおさらです」と続けた。\n>\n> その後、共同通信社やなどの特派員にも確認したが、禁止用語にはなっていないし、実際に使われていた。\n\nPolitical correctness is an ever-changing topic, and mass media is becoming\nmore and more defensive. NHK's stance seems to be an overreaction at least to\nme, but 移民 does have [long historical\nconnotations](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91-32276) and I\nunderstand if some people dislike it for whatever reason.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-20T14:48:36.397",
"id": "64506",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
64498
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64504",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Struggling to understand a sentence in the military manga 'Ibuki' I'm\ncurrently reading. Some top military brass are discussing China's military\ncapabilities and how quickly Japan could deploy to the Senkaku islands in the\nevent of a crisis.\n\n\"It would take us 20 minutes to reach the Senkakus after scrambling from Naha.\nWith an aircraft carrier we'd close the gap, but there's a decisive difference\nin the number of aircraft we can maintain. China's aircraft carrier can carry\n60 planes. Ours can only carry 15. それを五分以上の戦力にするには機の性能差と、搭乗員の技能しかない。\"\n\nI'm not sure whether the 五分以上 there is a reference to timing (ie the time to\nget to the Senkakus) or represents a proportion of the number of aircraft. If\nit's the former, the tricky part is parsing the それを五分以上の戦力にするには part. 戦力にする\nwould be the verb that affects the object それを, but I always find にする tricky\n(textbooks say it means 'try for' or 'decide on' but I have my doubts on this\none). Moreover, there's an additional noun 五分以上 that modifies 戦力, making\n五分以上の戦力にする one giant looking verb.\n\nAny ideas?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T09:28:07.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64499",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T14:24:27.960",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-20T13:58:41.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "7760",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"manga"
],
"title": "Other uses of 五分 and understanding にする",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 五分 (read as **ごぶ** , not ごふん) means \"even\" in the sense of \"the same\n(score, etc.)\". See it on\n[jisho.org](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%BA%94%E5%88%86) and\n[goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/81432/meaning/m0u/) (fourth\ndefinition). This にする is part of XをYにする construction that means \"to make X Y\",\nwhere X is それ (Japan's limited war potential) and Y is 五分以上の戦力 (tying or\nexceeding war potential).\n\n> それを五分以上の戦力にするには機の性能差と、搭乗員の技能しかない。 \n> To make our war potential even with or exceed that of China, (we can rely\n> on) only the performance difference of each plane and the skills of each\n> pilot.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [When is 分 read ぶ instead of ぶん](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/59049/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T14:10:08.317",
"id": "64504",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
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"parent_id": "64499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
64499
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64504
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64504
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64508",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was going through my Japanese language course book and it had sentences\nlike:\n\n> さとうさんはじむしょです\n>\n> さとうさんはロビーです (lobby)\n\nBut it seems like \"Satou is an office\" and \"Satou is a lobby\" because I have\nread sentences like これは本です\n\nIs it the correct way to say it? To be more specific, can the は particle be\nused like the above 2 sentences?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T13:19:52.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64502",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T15:26:33.377",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14116",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"person A is in a particular place\" in japanese",
"view_count": 1285
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, in speech, these two sentences are perfectly normal and acceptable. For\nexample, something like this:\n\n> A: さとうさんは？ (where is Sato?)\n>\n> B: さとうさんは じむしょ (He is in the office)\n\nSince you are feeling a little strange about this, let's see if I can help you\nmake sense of it.\n\nIn every language, not just Japanese, it's quite common to omit stuff that are\n\"obvious\" given the context. In English, the response could be just \"lunch,\"\nfor example, omitting a subject and a verb.\n\nIn English, it's particles that glues a phrase like \"in the office\" to the\nrest of the sentence, so you can't omit that glue without making people feel\nlike something is off balance. In an equivalent Japanese sentence (じむしょにいます),\na particle \"に\" comes after the noun to connect the verb. So if you are\nomitting the verb (which is common in English, too), then it feels right to\nremove the particle as well.\n\nThe trailing \"です\" in your example is a different particle added back in to\nmake the speech a little more polite. So in order to explain what's going on,\nI removed it from my example, and it's still perfectly acceptable speech,\nthough it's a little blunt.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T15:26:33.377",
"id": "64508",
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"owner_user_id": "3059",
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] |
64502
|
64508
|
64508
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64507",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In this\n[song](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCvjKIqPo44&t=0s&index=9&list=PL5yC_Ix1usLxclu5MhFWbHWZVgtHRB6tC),\nthe lyrics go「青い鳥 **さえ** いつもさえずり。」\n\nI'm not sure what さえ means in this context. Is this the particle さえ or does it\nmean somthing else?\n\nCan anyone help me out? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T14:19:42.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64505",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T15:59:56.377",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-20T22:01:23.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "29821",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "Meaning of 鳥さえ in the song ウィンターワンダーランド",
"view_count": 176
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this is the particle-さえ (\" _Even_ bluebirds are tweeting\"). Although\nit does sound a bit weird to me, too, this is the only possible\ninterpretation. It's also clearly different from [what's said in the original\nlyrics](http://kidssongs.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-34.html), but this happens\nall the time in English-to-Japanese translation of lyrics.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T15:05:17.613",
"id": "64507",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T15:05:17.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "It's a rhyme to impress you with this bit of confusion. I often run into those\nkind of lyrics in J-pop made later than 00's.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T15:59:56.377",
"id": "64558",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32345",
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}
] |
64505
|
64507
|
64507
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64524",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To help describe my issue, let's imagine following situation:\n\n * A foreigner comes to Japan.\n * He is in the company of a native Japanese person. Suppose they are friends.\n * During the day, the foreigner unintentionally did something against Japanese etiquette in public, which might offend other occasional spectators in public places like streets, public transport, restaurants etc. (like nose blowing for instance or saying something too loud in public transportation)\n * His Japanese friend apologized to the potentially offended people **on his behalf**.\n\nMy question is: **How does one describe this activity in Japanese?**\n\nOr in short, how to say: **He apologized on behalf of someone else**?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T15:42:01.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64510",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T15:54:07.130",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-20T17:38:22.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "14283",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"culture"
],
"title": "How to express that somebody apologized on behalf of somebody else",
"view_count": 622
}
|
[
{
"body": "～の代わり【かわり】に means \"in place of ～\" of \"instead of ～\". For example you can say\n彼の代わりに謝る.\n\nAnother expression is ～の代理として (\"on behalf of ～\"), but this is a fairly stiff\nexpression used, for example, when you make a formal speech as proxy for\nsomeone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T15:54:07.130",
"id": "64524",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T15:54:07.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 1
}
] |
64510
|
64524
|
64524
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64525",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 陸ではのらくらしとっても水の中ではそりゃあ素早い\n\nI don't quite understand しとっても form here.\n\nI guess the whole sentence will be\n\n> Even though they're slow on land, they're very quick in water.\n\nIs しとっても another form of していても or しておいても?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T20:07:16.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64513",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T16:09:39.240",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-21T16:09:39.240",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"dialects",
"contractions",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "What しとっても means here?",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "のらくらしとっても is a contraction of のらくらしておっても, which is a dialectal version of\nのらくらしていても.\n\n * In casual speech, [て + おる contracts to とる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18157/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8F-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8F-for-preparation-conjugation-and-nuance/18159#18159).\n * This おる is the same as progressive-いる, but used mainly in western Japan. See: [おる in honorific contexts](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26091/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T15:58:44.393",
"id": "64525",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T15:58:44.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
64513
|
64525
|
64525
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64515",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If not. . .part of how I help myself learn is to translate things that\ninterest me--comics and art and song lyrics now and then. While reading, I ran\ninto this dialogue, starting with \"爿に\"--and I've been stuck for a while.\n\nI know that some kanji are shortened into ryakuji when handwritten, but I\ncan't seem to find this anywhere. . .aside from that it's a radical and it can\nbe shortened in some kanji to 丬 to make them quicker to write. If not for that\nthe text is hand-written, I'd think of it as maybe being a typo.\n\nIf this isn't the abbreviated form of a kanji or something similar, is there a\nway this should be read? Am I misreading the kanji itself?\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T20:31:46.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64514",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T21:55:55.093",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-20T21:55:55.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "32319",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"manga",
"handwriting",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Is \"爿\" a 略字--if so, how is it pronounced/written normally?",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "Sure looks like `先に` to me. You can see the two horizontal lines for the\ncharacter in your image both come out the other side of the vertical line they\ncross, unlike `爿`, which I had never seen before your question. The bottom\nright vertical line also clearly curves out to the right.\n\nThe sentence also makes sense this way:\n\n> 先に多く食べた方が勝ちってゲームらしいんだけど\n>\n> (It is) apparently a game where the first person to eat a bunch/the most\n> wins",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T20:43:39.493",
"id": "64515",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T20:43:39.493",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "64514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
64514
|
64515
|
64515
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In weather forecasts on the radio or on TV, I frequently notice the announcers\nsuddenly starting to add \"でしょう\" to almost all their sentences. Now I know this\nis used to indicate uncertainty, which seems understandable given that weather\nforecasts _are_ uncertain. However, I would say such constructions would be\nconsidered quite unusual in other languages (at least in Western European\nlanguages it is), in which the (majority of) sentences do not imply\nuncertainty, at least not explicitly.\n\nIs this a phenomenon occurring only in Japanese? Is it simply by custom, that\nis, something someone started doing at some point and simply became the norm?\nOr is there some more important (cultural or linguistical?) reason behind\nexplicitly using \"でしょう\" in such contexts?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T21:19:46.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64516",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-20T21:19:46.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Why is \"でしょう\" the norm in weather forecasts?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[] |
64516
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64548",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: Jobs are being appointed and one of the minions is given a simple job\nof wrecking some place. The minion exclaims how simple it is (not the smartest\ncookie) and then the job giver (the strategist minion) says:\n\n> あなたはそれでよいのです\n\nI'm not excatly sure about the meaning here of the それでよい bit.\n\nI'm assuming that で here is in it's cause and effect use. Like \"If that (is\ndone/is simple for you) then it's good/well/okay\". I'm not sure if it's being\nsaid that:\n\n 1. \"It will be fine if you do that\"\n 2. \"You'll do good/perform excellently if you do that\"\n 3. \"It's good that it's simple for you/that you understand\".\n 4. something else?\n\nPS: More context:\n\n> Minion 1: LeaderさまLeaderさま, 結局ボクは何すればいいの？\n>\n> Minion 2 (the strategist): Minion 1はあの辺りを掘り返して Leaderを悪く言う相手を叩きのめせばよいのですよ\n>\n> Minion 1: シンプル！\n>\n> Minion 2: あなたはそれでよいのです",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-20T21:52:00.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64517",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T05:47:39.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "あなたはそれでよいのです what/how does the でよい bit here work?",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "* For this で, please read: [What is the difference between それでいい and それがいい here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17851/5010)\n * This それ simply refers to his simple task (あのあたりを掘り返して...).\n\nSo this それでよい implies \"That's all I expect about you\", or \"If you can do this\n(simple) task, that's already enough to me\". The leader is implying there are\nmore important tasks, but they are not suitable for this minion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T05:47:39.417",
"id": "64548",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T05:47:39.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64517",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
64517
|
64548
|
64548
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I know that the usage of 仕方がない has been discussed\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/8231/how-do-these-3-ways-\nof-saying-it-cant-be-helped-differ), but I had an additional question. If you\nsay:\n\n> X (affirmative) より仕方がない\n\nThe translation as I understand it is that you have no other choice but to do\nX.\n\nHowever, is another way to think about this grammar as:\n\n> X (negative) は仕方がある\n\nor would this sentence have a different meaning than the former? As an example\nfrom my textbook, could I change the following:\n\n> 車がないから、歩いて行くより仕方がない ー＞\n>\n> 車がないから、歩いて行かないのは仕方がある。\n\nFinally, is it implied that the subject of the sentence with the は particle is\nbeing excluded as the option that is wanted?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T01:59:07.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64518",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-23T11:38:16.177",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30784",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "X (affirmative) より仕方がない and alternatives",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[] |
64518
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64521",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "彼女が大変興奮していたのに気づかなかったのか。 And what if I say 彼女が大変興奮して気づかなかったのか。?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T10:33:03.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64520",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T10:57:07.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is のに being used here?",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "That basically means 'Did (someone) not notice that she was very excited?' The\nのに here isn't the 'although' のに - it's basic nomalizer の + particle に. I'm not\ntoo sure of my guess on the second one, but I think if you said\n彼女が大変興奮して気づかなかったのか。it would be 'Was she so excited she didn't notice\n(something)?'",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T10:45:51.570",
"id": "64521",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T10:45:51.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "64520",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64520
|
64521
|
64521
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64529",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In America, if one is a visible minority, even if one is born/raised in\nAmerica the following conversation might happen:\n\n> A: Where are you from?\n>\n> B: New York\n>\n> A: No, where are you from from?\n\nIn this situation, \"from from\" is supposed to indicate they want to know what\nyour ethnic origin is/where you and/or your parents originally immigrated\nfrom. For some more context, you can see the first twenty seconds of [this\nvideo](https://vimeo.com/20443343) or [this\narticle](http://www.mashupamericans.com/issues/where-are-you-from-from/).\n\nI was wondering how one might replicate that conversation with that nuance in\nJapanese (replacing New York with Tokyo and assuming that B is a visible\nminority in Japan), but I'm struggling with the last line.\n\n> A. 出身はどちらですか？\n>\n> B. 東京です\n>\n> A: 本当の出身を聞きたいのです！\n\nAny ideas? Creative suggestions that don't exactly translate the dialogue, but\ncapture the awkwardness of the situation for person B are very welcome. Or\nmaybe this concept is just too difficult to explain simply?\n\nEDIT: My purpose in asking this question isn't to actually ask someone this\nquestion. It's to try to, via a translated dialogue, explain this situation to\nsomeone in Japanese. And hopefully without having to go on a long winded\nexplanation of American culture.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T15:15:13.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64523",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T22:23:13.027",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How can one say \"Where are you from from\"?",
"view_count": 1620
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think in this context, if Person A replies with いや、そうじゃなくて・・・ it would give\nthe sense that the question is asking for a further origin explanation. For\nexample:\n\n> A. 出身はどちらですか？\n>\n> B. 東京です\n>\n> A: いや、そうじゃなくて・・・\n>\n> B: あぁ、分かった。 外国人みたいだからね。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T22:03:05.030",
"id": "64529",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T22:23:13.027",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-21T22:23:13.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "21684",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "64523",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
64523
|
64529
|
64529
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64540",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "speaker was captured and is in midst of being interrogated.\n\n> 動けない私を、延々と嬲り者にするつもりなのだろう。\n>\n> ゾッとしない考えだが……よくよく思い返してみれば、 **これまでだって** 似たようなものだった。\n>\n> ...ば, seems like more of the same things they've already done to me.\n\ni find it difficult to relate this use of これまでだって as \"even これまで\" or \"これまで\nalso\" or some sort of quote.\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T19:02:52.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64526",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-25T06:23:22.677",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-25T06:23:22.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "これまでだって似たようなものだった in this sentence",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "だって is \"also\" here, and これまで is \"so far\" or \"until now\". It says what the\nopponent is trying to do is not only seen now but also just like what it has\nbeen so far.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-23T01:12:57.927",
"id": "64540",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-23T01:12:57.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "64526",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "これまでだって in this context includes meaning that she's trying to overcome her's\nbad feeling with a different point of view, Or to stop further depression by\ngiving up thinking about it. If you want to use it, mind that it's mostly used\nin negative situation and aiming to cheer up. ex\n消費税が上がることなんてたいした事じゃないよ、これまでだって不景気だったんだから。 これまでだってテストでいい点数だったんだから、次のテストもいい点だろう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T14:53:23.313",
"id": "64557",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T14:53:23.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32345",
"parent_id": "64526",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
64526
|
64540
|
64540
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I kind of get when it's supposed to be used, but I'd like a clear explanation\non what it really means.\n\n> こう言っちゃ何ですけど。",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T21:07:54.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64527",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-23T11:04:06.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of こう言っちゃ何ですけど",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[] |
64527
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am planning to study abroad in Japan in two years through my college for a\nyear at a Japanese speaking university. I also have goals/aspirations to one\nday work/live in Japan. Is it weird/acceptable to give myself a kanji name\nbased off of meaning or sound of my current name? My name is Ruth which means\n\"friend\" and \"beautiful\" so I was thinking of 朋麗 (ともれい). Or, I could use kanji\nbased off of my sound to have a name that means 'dragon state' or \"state of\nthe dragon\" (I was also born in the year of the dragon so it may be fitting)\nbut sounds like Ruth 竜州 (りゅうす）. I know a closer approximation would be ルース,\nbut I like the idea of my name meaning dragon if I were to go that route. I\nalso have an idea for my surname, which means \"gentle beauty\" and I came to\nthe kanji 泰美 （やすみ). So either 泰美竜州 or 泰美朋麗. Is it weird for foreigners to do\nthis when they move to Japan or Study abroad in Japan? I know some people who\ncame to study abroad in the US from China and Korea and they both took\nAmerican names. Is the reverse true for in Japan? Can I do this if I'm\nexpecting to work in Japan? Could I use this name on legal documents in Japan\nif I did choose to use a kanji name? I'm really curios about the whole\nprospect.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T21:23:39.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64528",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T12:39:51.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32328",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "When I go to Japan to study abroad, can I write my name in kanji?",
"view_count": 668
}
|
[
{
"body": "Firstly, for legal documents you should always be writing your name as it\nappears on your passport. When documents ask for your name, age, etc. they're\ntrying to confirm your identity. If you supply a false name then they won't be\nable to tell whether you're a real person or not.\n\nAs for the social part, I think it's up to the people who will be calling you\nwhat you want to be called. After you've made some friends at your new\nUniversity, ask them if it's weird for you to take on a Japanese alias. I had\none friend who came to work in Australia from Korea who had also worked /\nlived in Japan. He has unique Japanese, Korean and English names.\n\nI hope you have a great trip!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-21T22:38:46.930",
"id": "64530",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-21T22:38:46.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32315",
"parent_id": "64528",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I think it's more natural to write your name in English form as we're familiar\nwith English, but I like your try. The reasons we call ourselves in another\nname are 1: 70% we find it fancy 2: 30% some people are difficult to be called\nwith the original one like りゅ りょ sounds",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T12:39:51.913",
"id": "64555",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T12:39:51.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32345",
"parent_id": "64528",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
64528
| null |
64530
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "This is what I've been taught:\n\n```\n\n これ は わたし の 本 です。\n = This is my book.\n \n```\n\nAnd I was just wondering whether you can change the word order to say:\n\n```\n\n この 本 は わたし の です。\n = This book is mine.\n \n```\n\nOr if this sentence structure doesn't work.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-22T09:53:52.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64534",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T05:52:00.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32333",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"syntax",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Can you slightly switch up the word order of this sentence?",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[] |
64534
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64549",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm aware that one can't normally talk directly about others' feelings in\nJapanese i.e.:\n\n> 母はすしを食べたい * \n> 母が寒い *\n\nshould be something like\n\n> 母はすしを食べたがっています \n> 母が寒そうだ\n\nDoes this apply to 好き? 「母はすしが好きです。」sounds OK to me but I'm not sure.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-22T11:49:41.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64536",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T12:18:29.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can you use 好き about someone else's feelings?",
"view_count": 344
}
|
[
{
"body": "The sentence should be correct. In the basics of Tae Kim's guide, when\nintroducing adjectives, one of the examples given is:\n\n> ボブは魚が好きだ。\n\nWhich corresponds well to your example.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-22T15:05:58.073",
"id": "64538",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-22T15:05:58.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32127",
"parent_id": "64536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "母はすしが好きです is perfectly fine.\n\n食べたがる and 寒そう are describing one's temporary appearance. You can think ～がる is\nlike \"showing signs of ～\". On the other hand, ～が好き is a simple fact rather\nthan a temporary \"sign\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T06:02:25.363",
"id": "64549",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-24T10:33:41.417",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-24T10:33:41.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
64536
|
64549
|
64549
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is this sentence correct?\n\n土曜日'に'何じから何じまで働きますか\n\nI am not sure if I can use the particle に like that. The book asks me to use\nなんじから なんじまで along with the verb 働きます and the day 土曜日 to form a sentence.should\nI use は instead of に?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-22T13:24:14.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64537",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-21T17:02:05.960",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-22T13:43:42.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "14116",
"owner_user_id": "14116",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Usage of the particle に",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is this sentence correct?\n>\n> 土曜日'に'何じから何じまで働きますか\n\nIt feels a bit unnatural.\n\nA sentence such as:\n\n> _あなたは_ 土曜日 **に** 働きますか。 : _As of you_ , do you work **on** Saturday?\n\nWould be correct because you are directly asking if the person works on\nSaturday, so the 土曜日 does not have to be the theme of the sentence, the theme\nis \"you\" here.\n\nBut in your sentence, you already know that the person is going to work on\nSaturday, you are just asking from when to when. So you cannot just be using\nthe particle に which acts as a direct link between 土曜日 and 働く. The theme in\nyour sentence should be 土曜日, so instead of に, you should use either には or just\nは.\n\n> 土曜日には何時から何時まで働きますか。\n>\n> 土曜日は何時から何時まで働きますか。\n\nNow it is natural.\n\nSince the particle に acts as a direct link between 土曜日 and 働く, you could\nrephrase your sentence as below:\n\n> 土曜日に働くの **は** 、何時から何時までですか。\n\nIt should help you figuring out if に only is correct or not.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-22T16:35:49.193",
"id": "64539",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-22T16:40:55.653",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "64537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64537
| null |
64539
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64552",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently learned the **Vばよかった** construction, which roughly means \"it would\nbe better had I done V\". This got me curious about how to construct a sentence\nin subjunctive mood in Japanese, or even if it is possible to do so.\n\nAfter some googling, I found that there are three types of subjunctive mood in\nEnglish, depending on whether the action happens in the past, present or\nfuture. Here are three example sentences, one for each tense.\n\n> _Present:_ If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.\n>\n> _Past:_ If he had known your phone number yesterday, he would have called\n> you.\n>\n> _Future:_ If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.\n\nIt seems that the ばよかった form is a narrow type of the past subjunctive mood.\n\nSo I guess my question is twofold:\n\n 1. How to translate those three sentences into Japanese?\n\n 2. What Japanese grammar is equivalent to the subjunctive mood? Do there exist separate grammar forms for each tense?\n\n_Edit._ I found this article online:\n<http://ezproxy.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/27040/1/HJart0550100450.pdf>\n\nThis seems to be exactly I need, but it is very long and academic, so it is\ndifficult to go through. Also it is written in _rōmaji_ only. I will try to go\nthrough it tomorrow. In the mean time, someone please provide a succinct\nexplanation.\n\nEdit 2: According to my understanding so far, apparently there is no special\ngrammatical construction in Japanese that corresponds to the subjunctive mood\nin English, the way to express counterfactual meaning is simply the if\nconstruction ( _ba/nara/tara/to_ ), with time of action indicated by the tense\nof the verb.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-23T12:48:00.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How to express the subjunctive mood in Japanese",
"view_count": 2883
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is no special grammatical construction to show this \"mood\" in Japanese.\nYou can just use normal conditional sentences using ～ば, ～たら or ～なら, optionally\nwith もし or もしも. That said, there are several words that are often used to show\nthe feelings of subjunctive mood in English:\n\n * ～(の)に or ～(のだ)が/けど is often used to show your regret or disappointment. See: [「たら〜のに」Grammar help!](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56258/5010)\n * 仮に, 仮の話として, もしもの話として and so on are used to explicitly show your if-clause is an unlikely hypothesis. You don't usually need this, but you may be able to avoid offending someone if used properly.\n\nYour examples are translated like so:\n\n> If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers. \n> 仮に土地が(みんな)同じようなものであるなら、地理学者はほぼ必要ないだろう。\n>\n> If he had known your phone number yesterday, he would have called you. \n> 昨日電話番号を知っていたら、彼は君に電話したでしょう(に)。 (use に to show disappointment)\n>\n> If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday. \n> もし今日出発すれば、金曜日にはそこに着くでしょう。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T10:29:49.027",
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"score": 8
}
] |
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{
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"body": "Can I use soshite to join negative sentences in japanese? e.g. I am not a girl\nand he is not a boy. 私は女の子ではありません そして 彼は男の子ではありません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-23T13:39:29.893",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "how to join negative sentence in japanese",
"view_count": 350
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe **そして** it's used more in a sentence to show that the 2nd part of\nthe sentence was done in result of the first (more like \"then\" in english):\n[soshite vs sorekara](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40264/16104)\n\nI will list the 3 more common ways, I believe, of connecting negative\nsentences:\n\n> **1 - て-form** - Found both in written and spoken form.\n>\n> 私{わたし}は女{おんな}の子{こ}じゃな **くて** 、彼{かれ}は男{おとこ}じゃない。- I'm not a girl, and he is\n> not a boy.\n>\n> **2 - く-form / stem form (?not sure what to call it)** - More commonly found\n> in texts/books.\n>\n> 私{わたし}は女{おんな}の子{こ}じゃな **く** 、彼{かれ}は男{おとこ}じゃない。- I'm not a girl, and he is\n> not a boy.\n>\n> **3 - て-form** (I guess this is just a complement of the first one, to be\n> honest) - Used to correct a previous wrong assumption/statement.\n>\n> 私{わたし}は女{おんな}の子{こ}じゃな **くて** 、男{おとこ}だよ。- I'm not a girl, I am a boy!!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-23T17:09:13.547",
"id": "64547",
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"score": 4
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| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64550",
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"body": "I'm not very familiar with this specific term, but do know intermediate\nJapanese. \"Floating world\" seems to be a direct translation of the two\ncharacters: 浮 for \"floating\" and 世 for \"world\". However, the main [definition\nfor this word online](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%B5%AE%E3%81%8D%E4%B8%96) is\n\"fleeting life\" or \"this transient world\", similar but more natural in\nEnglish. Interestingly enough, the fourth entry in the definition is \"(the\nworld of the) red light districts\". This final definition certainly matches\nthe [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukiyo) and is hinted at\nwith \"fleeting\" and \"transient\", suggesting to make the most of pleasure with\nyour limited life.\n\nWhat is the main definition, especially with respect to Ukiyo-e, 浮世絵?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-23T15:12:53.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64546",
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"owner_user_id": "10796",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What does Ukiyo (浮世) mean?",
"view_count": 14407
}
|
[
{
"body": "うきよ was originally 憂き世 (\"this melancholic/miserable world\") but reanalyzed as\n浮き世 (\"this transient/fleeting world\") around the Edo period. It was associated\nwith sadness and ethical corruption at first, but later it came to mean\n\"secular part of our world\" or simply \"this modern world.\" It also gained\nassociations with mass culture and eroticism. (I did not know 浮き世 could mean\n\"red-light district\" in isolation. I believe this usage is exceptional.)\n\nIn present Japan, 浮き世 is almost an obsolete word, and we seldom see it outside\na few words and idioms including 浮世絵 and 浮き世離れ. Most people understand it has\nsomething to do with the \"pop culture\" of the Edo period, though. The sex\nindustry and pornography was certainly a part of the 浮世 culture, but it's not\nlimited to that.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-24T06:54:39.523",
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"score": 11
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In many pages the meaning of やがて is \"in the proper time\", sometimes it's\n\"eventually\"… I'd like to know all the meanings.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T07:35:35.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64551",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-15T15:06:10.730",
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"owner_user_id": "31134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Real meaning of やがて",
"view_count": 803
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel it's about observation of future but it's not completely sure to\nhappen. Normally, it's seen in a book not in a daily conversation. Sometimes\nit's cool to use but might be taken weird. I think the root word for that is\nいつか. Casual いつか Formal 何れ、やがて",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T12:29:14.193",
"id": "64554",
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64551
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64554
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64562",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could somebody please help me decipher the phrase above which I came across\nwhile reading 逃がした魚は大きかった。It’s about two people in relationship. I understand\nthat the first sentence means something like “since they were not tied\ntogether through a big love, theirs wasn’t a blind love. But I cannot seem to\nreally decipher the second sentence. Any help much appreciated. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-24T14:04:05.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64556",
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"owner_user_id": "29923",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "大恋愛の末に結ばれるわけではないから、アバタもエクボということはありえなかった。先行するのは条件である。",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "The literal translation of 先行するのは条件である is \"What precedes is condition\". This の\nis just もの or \"thing\". 条件 refers to what is required for a successful marriage\n(aside from love). Google with `結婚の条件` and you can find many articles about\nwhat people typically consider 条件. Especially in a context like this, I think\n条件 mainly refers to more material and dry requirements such as income. Your\nunderstanding of the first sentence is fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T02:38:35.093",
"id": "64562",
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"score": 2
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64562
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"body": "hello everyone I am very beginner in japanese just I have 2 day learning\njapanese then I am not expert in this language yet I saw in\n**[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pronouns)** this japanese\npronouns:\n\n 1. watashi わたし\n 2. watakushi わたくし\n\nthere are more way but I think this first two are fundamental if I want to\nlearn japanese.\n\nas say in its description from every expresion say this:\n\nin **watashi** say this:\n\n> In formal or polite contexts, this is gender neutral; in casual speech, it\n> is typically only used by women. Use by men in casual context may be\n> perceived as either stiff or feminine.\n\nI understand is only used by women but it is saying that : perceived as either\nstiff or feminine? then I can not say if I am man this word is only for women\nin informal way? or what?\n\nin the second word say this :\n\n> The most formal personal pronoun.\n\nbut in much book I see alway say that is more common say watashi?\n\nmy question is: what japanese pronouns should I use first if I am beginner A1\nin tje language japanese.\n\nI hope my question is not noob but I am new in this language and I try learn\nwell this language I hope you opinion,suggents,critical,etc.\n\nPST:Merry Christmas",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T03:24:01.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64563",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27668",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "how can I use japanese pronouns if I am beginner in the language japanese?",
"view_count": 61
}
|
[] |
64563
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64567",
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"body": "> A line in a game review contains それら regarding some philosophical elements\n>\n>\n> それらについて深く語られることが無かったのは少し残念ですが、敢えて掘り下げなかったであろうことは、この作品のまとまりを踏まえれば英断と言わざるを得ないでしょう。\n>\n> It's a bit of a shame that the game didn't go deeper into in the\n> philosophical elements, but purposely not delving deeper, if the game\n> maintains it's consistency, I have to admit that's a good decision.\n\n * what is であろう adding here?\n\n * The writers has obviously already finished the game, looking for a second opinion if that makes the use of ば in ...作品のまとまりを踏まえれ **ば** feel a bit awkward. Compare to \"作品のまとまりを踏まえるだからこそ英断と言わざるを得ないでしょう\" for instance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T06:45:41.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64565",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-26T18:11:57.873",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "掘り下げなかったであろう in this sentence",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "This であろう is adding the nuance of \"presumably\" or \"seemingly\" to 敢えて.\nそれらを掘り下げなかった is an objective fact, but this author is not sure whether that\nwas intentional or unintentional. In other words, he _thinks_ they\n_intentionally_ avoided 掘り下げ, but he is not totally sure about that.\n\n踏まえる is a transitive verb meaning \"to take ～ into account/consideration\".\n\n* * *\n\n> それらについて深く語られることが無かったのは少し残念ですが、 \n> It's a bit of a shame that the game didn't go deeper into in the\n> philosophical elements, but\n>\n> 敢えて掘り下げなかったであろうことは、 \n> (concerning the fact that) their choice of not going into detail **seems to\n> be an intentional one** ,...\n>\n> この作品のまとまりを踏まえれば \n> if I take the work's consistency into consideration, ...\n>\n> 英断と言わざるを得ないでしょう。 \n> I have to admit that's a good decision.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-25T12:09:04.140",
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{
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"body": "I have trouble understanding [this commercial](http://cm-watch.net/nipponkodo-\nmochu/).\n\n(This page also provides Japanese subtitles)\n\nThe woman has received a lot of 喪中はがき lately and so is worried about お香典. \nThis part I understand but what the old guy says next is puzzling to me:\n\n> 「私ね進物用のお線香を贈ってるんです。喪中見舞いって書いて お返しなんかいいから今度ゆっくり話し聞かせてって気持ちでね」と笹野さん\n\nI get it that he recommends giving お線香, possibly because it's easier on the\npurse, but what he says later is hard to parse:\n\n> \"お返しなんかいいから今度ゆっくり話し聞かせてって気持ちでね\"\n\nMy best try: he says the meaning of お線香 is \"not to ask something in return\"\n(お返しなんかいいから) but to \"pay respect and have a leisurely chat\". Doesn't make much\nsense to me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T07:46:11.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64566",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-26T09:05:35.520",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-26T09:05:35.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "喪中 dialogue in incense commercial",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "In case you receive お線香 as a gift for mourning, you don't have to send\nsomething back to the giver. He's making a deal to pretend as if he wants a\nchat with the receiver, but he's trying to comfort the receiver more. It's a\ncool technique.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T14:04:39.250",
"id": "64568",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-25T14:04:39.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "They are concerning about the custom of 香典 and\n[香典返し](https://www.ringbell.co.jp/giftconcierge/2898). 香典 is a monetary gift\ngiven usually on the day of the funeral, and 香典返し is a small returning gift\ngiven usually several weeks after the funeral. She is worrying if it's too\nlate to formally offer a 香典 because it may make the bereaved family worry\nabout 香典返し.\n\n> お返しなんかいいから今度ゆっくり話し聞かせてって気持ちでね \n> (I present _senko_ ) thinking \"No returning gift is necessary, but please\n> let me know about the deceased person sometime soon\".\n\nThis ad makes sense partly because _senko_ is not expensive and partly because\ngiving _senko_ is (as far as I know) not a popular custom.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T23:56:59.840",
"id": "64574",
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64574
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"body": "Could someone please explain the differences in usage and meaning? It would be\nnice with some example sentences as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T14:07:42.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64569",
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"owner_user_id": "31858",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are the differences between 真ん中, 中心 and 中央?",
"view_count": 1689
}
|
[
{
"body": "Definitions mostly taken from Goo/デジタル大辞泉（小学館）\n\n[真ん中](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/210539/meaning/m0u/%E7%9C%9F%E3%82%93%E4%B8%AD/)\nis the most limited of the three. It only applies to 距離・場所・順序など and means the\nexact center/middle.\n\n * 町の真ん中にある建物\n * 三人兄弟の真ん中\n\n[中央](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/142993/meaning/m0u/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE/)\nincludes the definition of 真ん中. It also means ある組織や機関の中で、最も重要な機能をになっているところ.\nThat is to the say sub-organizations that are centrally important to an\norganization. For example,\n\n> 党の中央\n\nreferences the central/ruling committee of a party. Accordingly, it can also\nrefer to the central/national government.\n\n[中心](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/143402/meaning/m0u/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83/)\nincludes the definition of 真ん中, but also includes a few other definitions of\nnote.\n\n 1. 物事の集中する場所。また、最も重要な位置にある物や人。また、その位置。 \n * 大阪を中心とした関西の特徴 means with Osaka as the central example, the unique characteristics of Kansai region.\n * 話題の中心 means a central/major topic of conversation.\n 2. The center of a circle: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6fynj.png)\n 3. The barycenter/center of gravity in physics. 質量中心. It is also called 重心\n 4. こころの内。心中{しんちゆう}. The inside of your heart.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-26T21:10:43.953",
"id": "64588",
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64569
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64588
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64588
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"accepted_answer_id": "64591",
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"body": "Im reading a comic and two guys are basically being noisy af, and messing\naround. Their friend walks in and says 君たち...今朝は風が強かったな.\n\nI just assumed at first hes talking about the weather, but im wondering if its\npossible hes referring to the two guys being noisy and just horsing around (\ni.e, its very lively/ loud this morning) , as it seems a rather random thing\nto say that the wind is strong ( given the scenario).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T18:05:44.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64570",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-27T01:51:46.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31529",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Can 風が強く also refer to disruptive behavior rather than a strong wind?",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "If the comic was the one @Chocolate mentioned, He's definitely talking about\nthe weather. \nBut like you thought it has other meaning, the sentence itself is a bit too\nhumble to say out loud for high school kids. \nIt is not that hard to guess that because of the weather, he got something he\nwants to share. the case of the comic, he peeked パンチラ of his schoolmates.\n\nSo the phrase has a meaning of greeting and an introduction of the following\nstory at the same time.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-27T01:45:49.743",
"id": "64591",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-27T01:51:46.093",
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64591
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64591
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{
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"body": "オタ\n\nオター\n\nI want a name translated but not sure which to pick, what sounds the best and\nwhat's the difference between them? The name which I'm trying to translate is\n\"Oter\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T19:06:13.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "What's the difference between these two names?",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "My recommendation is オター. That horizontal bar after タ is a [long vowel\nmarker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu), which indicates the vowel\nof the \"ter\" part should be pronounced longer than usual. Usually Japanese\npeople prefer a long vowel for the \"-er\" and \"-ar\" sound at the end of a short\nname, for example コナー \"Conar\", ケラー \"Keller\". In addition, オタ is often used as\nan abbreviation of [オタク](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaku), so it may carry\nan undesirable connotation.",
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"creation_date": "2018-12-25T23:31:38.843",
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64571
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64573
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"body": "I can't find much about it but I found an example to illustrate it:\n\n> 温めますか\n>\n> Do you want it heated?\n> [weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B%22/2)\n\nI don't understand how the dictionary form can have the meaning 'to want' and\nwhat is the difference with てもらいたいですか, てほしいですか, etc.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-25T23:29:34.603",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Dictionary form to ask if someone wants something",
"view_count": 357
}
|
[
{
"body": "Based on what I know,\n\nInstead of saying \"want\" (ーたい), it's more polite to say \"shall I\" (ーましょうか).\n\nIf you want to ask someone if they want something heated, it would be polite\nto say this:\n\n温めましょうか?",
"comment_count": 1,
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64572
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"body": "The context of the question is the lyrics of a song 『小さな手のひら』by Chara. The\nvery first two verses of the song begins with,\n\n> **あわせて** あんな風にちゃんと\n>\n> 抱いて 抱いて 抱いてちょうだい\n\nI am confused on the significance of あわせて in this instance. The best\ninterpretation I have is to understand あわせて as \"also,\" as in \"Also, please\ngive me a hug (in that way).\" However, this does not make much sense to begin\nthe sentence with \"also.\" I was thinking maybe あわせて could also mean \"according\nto (something)\" in this instance. But I'm not sure if that's even\ngrammatically correct. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-26T02:19:30.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64575",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32355",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "あわせて at the beginning of a sentence",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to my intuition, 併せて (\"besides\", \"also\") is very unlikely because\nit's a fairly stiff word usually found in formal business letters and such.\n\nThis あわせて can be interpreted both as (手のひらを)合わせて (\"please put the hands\ntogether\") and (あなたに)会わせて (\"please let me see you\"), but apparently there is\nno clue that tells us which interpretation is correct. I feel the lyricist\nintentionally left it in hiragana so that it has a double meaning. In the\nlatter half of [the song](https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/4686/lyrics/I039102/),\nthere is also こうかい written in hiragana, which can be interpreted both as 後悔\nand 航海.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-26T10:01:39.953",
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64575
|
64581
|
64581
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{
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"body": "I'm trying to translate a song lyric that says\n\n> 今日という日は 過去 前例のない \n> 僕たちの誓い日和だよ\n\nAnd I get a dictionary result at Jisho for 今日という日 as something like every day;\nall day but that doesn't make any sense to me. I can't muddle thru it on my\nown and I'm hoping someone here can explain was this phrase means. The best I\ngot is \"today like every day\" but my Japanese isn't very good.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-26T07:42:21.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases",
"idioms",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What does 今日という日 mean?",
"view_count": 2086
}
|
[
{
"body": "今日という日 (literally \"the day called today\") is just an emphatic version of\n\"today\", or \"this very day\". This expression is commonly used in formal\ngreetings and poems. (I tried jisho.org but got nothing related to \"everyday\".\nHow did you come up with \"everyday\"?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-26T07:48:54.023",
"id": "64579",
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{
"body": "Remember that ...という (...と言う) means \"That which is called...\", because it's a\nuseful phrase. Examples: 愛という光 (the Light called Love), 笑顔という幸せ (the happiness\nwhich is called a smile). The original phrase you provided is 今日という日 (the day\nwhich is called today).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-26T08:51:18.390",
"id": "64580",
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{
"body": "As explained in other answers, `XというY` is a construction meaning `the Y which\nis called X`. `過去前例｛かこぜんれい｝` means `past precedent`, so\n`今日｛きょう｝という日｛ひ｝は過去前例｛かこぜんれい｝のない` means roughly `The day called \"today\" is\nwithout precedent`, or `The day called \"today\" has never come before`.\n\n`僕{ぼく}たちの誓{ちか}い日和｛ひより｝だよ` is poetic, and kind of awkward to translate, but I'd\ntranslate it as `It is the season of our promise`, though `日和｛ひより｝` more\naccurately translates as `weather`.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-26T14:00:03.833",
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64578
| null |
64579
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What is the Difference between だろう and かな and how to use them",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-26T12:09:03.810",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"modality"
],
"title": "Difference between だろう and かな",
"view_count": 866
}
|
[
{
"body": "だろう - is along the lines of \"It seems as if...\"\n\nかな - is along the lines of \"I wonder if...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-26T12:10:36.357",
"id": "64584",
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"body": "It is not hard to understand exactly what both expressions mean by analyzing\nwhere they are coming from.\n\n**だろう**\n\n 1. だろう comes from だ\n 2. だろう is だろ (the 未然 conjugation of だ) + う (助動詞 for 推量 in this case)\n\nThe 助動詞 う is not often used for 推量 in everyday speech apart from when it is\nused with だ (だろう) (or in fixed expressions). Using it may result in you\nsounding poetic, classical or old school:\n\n> 馬はさぞ寒かろう。\n\nThis sentence could be written as below in everyday Japanese:\n\n> 馬はきっと寒いだろう。\n\nAnyway, I like to see だろう as \"must\" as in \" _he must be hungry_ \". It always\nworks and is I think the best way to interpret it (but not always the best\ntranslation). It indicates a strong guess/presumption/supposition.\n\nWhen using it, you kind of \"push\" your opinion/guess to others, without\nnecessarily expecting a reaction. (that depends on the intonation)\n\n**かな**\n\nか is what most people would call the \"question particle\" (it expresses\nuncertainty). And if we look up な in a dictionary, we get:\n\n> 相手の返答・同意を求めたり、念を押したりする意を表す。\n\nWhich basically means \"Expresses the intention to get the other's\nconsent/reaction, or to remind someone of something\".\n\nThe two particles combined together indicate that you want to get other's\nreaction on the question. So it means that you wonder about something, and you\nwant other's opinion about it.\n\nIt's translated as \" _I wonder if..._ \" most of the time.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-26T19:24:04.257",
"id": "64587",
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{
"body": "だろう= Impolite Volitional form of the helper verb だ (is). You know, the form\nthat indicates that something probably is/will be that way, but it's not\ncertain. So it has a feel of things like ''it seems like it's'', ''it probably\nis'' , ''It'll likely be'', that kinda stuff. Keep in mind in Japanese they\nuse だろう and でしょう more frequently than we use these kinds of phrases.\n\nかな is simply a combination of the sentence ending particles か,and な。 かis used\nto make things uncertain and at the end of a sentence in a rising tone it's\nusually like a question mark. They're asking themselves a question, so they're\nwondering it. な in this context is very similar to ね？, the\nagreement/confirmation seeker, only you ask it yourself. It's like telling\nyourself out loud ''It's cold out today huh?''.\n\nThe combination ends up meaning ''I wonder if''. Grammatically, かな is put\nafter the main sentence, as they're sentence ending particles. だろう is an\nending to the main sentence itself.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-27T18:50:27.830",
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"body": "I first learned of this loanword on [/r/FalseFriends](https://redd.it/3bu20c).\n[Wiktionary:](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88)\n\n> ### Etymology\n>\n> From [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language \"w:English\n> language\") _[smart](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/smart#English \"smart\")_.\n>\n> ### Adjectival noun\n>\n> **スマート** ( _-na inflection_ , _rōmaji_\n> **[sumāto](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sum%C4%81to#Japanese \"sumāto\")** )\n>\n> 1. [slim](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slim \"slim\"),\n> [trim](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trim \"trim\"),\n> [slender](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slender \"slender\")\n> 2. [stylish](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stylish \"stylish\")\n>\n\n 1. What type of [semantic shift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_change#Typology_by_Blank_\\(1999\\)) is this?\n\n 2. Please see the titled question.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-27T01:25:00.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64589",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "How did スマート (from 'smart' in English) shift to mean 'slim, trim' and 'stylish'?",
"view_count": 620
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not a semantic shift nor are they false friends. In English, _smart_\nhas several distinct meanings. It has been used for to look stylish for a long\ntime. It is _still used_ for this meaning, albeit less commonly and mainly in\nBritish English varieties. Using it for intelligence is more colloquial and\nhas developed more recently (and is more common in American English\nvarieties).\n\n> **smart adjective** (STYLISH) mainly UK\n>\n> having a clean, tidy, and stylish appearance.\n>\n> **smart adjective** (INTELLIGENT) mainly US\n>\n> intelligent, or able to think quickly or intelligently in difficult\n> situations.\n>\n> [Cambridge\n> Dictionary](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/smart)\n>\n> [Oxford Dictionary](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/smart)\n\nThe Japanese スマート has been derived from the _original_ meaning. Of course, the\nJapanese language is changing as well, it is now also used for smartphones,\njust as it is in English.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64592",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I’ve noticed that Japanese and Chinese writing tends to use different fonts.\nJapanese fonts tend use wider lines and more curves. Chinese fonts tend to use\nnarrow angular lines and there are differences at the end of strokes as well.\n\nI’ve noticed this even in Japanese where there are multilingual translations.\nThere are differences even when the Chinese (traditional or simplified\ncharacters) text uses the same character as the Kanji. This seems to occur\neverywhere, from train stations to store menus. Often the different fonts will\nbe displayed together on the same screen, page, or sign.\n\nIs there a specific linguistic, cultural, or historical reason for this? Are\nJapanese and Chinese fonts different internationally or is this only in Japan?\n\nIt does make it easier to distinguish Japanese and Chinese texts but I suspect\nthis is incidental and there’s another reason for it. Japanese and Chinese\ntexts can be differentiated due to differences in vocabulary and whether they\nuse Kana. We don’t use different fonts for other languages that use the same\nwriting system (for example we write English and Italian in the same fonts).\nThis is different to using foreign words in italics (Latin in English) or\nKatakana (English in Japanese) as these fonts are used entirely separately for\ntranslations and are not intermingled.\n\nFor a recent example, this is a calendar produced by a Japanese company.\nChinese and Japanese versions clearly have different fonts whereas English,\nFrench, and German have the same font for the same characters.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zdUyy.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-27T01:37:06.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64590",
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"last_editor_user_id": "14608",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"history",
"culture",
"written-language"
],
"title": "Why are Japanese fonts different to Chinese?",
"view_count": 4314
}
|
[
{
"body": "I assume you're specifically talking about kanji/hanzi glyphs. (Hiragana are\nobviously more cursive.) Basically the overall appearances of typical Chinese\nhanzi and Japanese kanji fonts are not significantly different in terms of\nline width, roundness, etc., just as English \"A\", French \"A\" and German \"A\"\nare rendered the same. If you compare recent professionally-made pamphlets of\nboth languages from, say, Tokyo Disney Land, you should notice almost no\ndifference.\n\nIf you noticed some difference, it's probably because it is hard for a\ndesigner to find a Chinese font that looks similar to the Japanese font they\nwant to use. While ordinary Japanese designers have lots of Japanese fonts\nwith lots of Japanese kanji, they cannot use them to produce natural-looking\nChinese sentences, and vice versa, because there are large regional variants\nfor many kanji/hanzi. As a consequence, they often have to choose a Chinese\nfont that looks different from the one used in the Japanese version. It's very\neasy to find fonts that can render all major Western languages, but finding a\ngood-looking \"Unicode\" font that satisfies both Japanese and Chinese readers\nis still difficult. Thanks to Adobe and Google, we now have at least one\nreasonable free font that offers consistent look across CJK languages. From\nAdobe Typekit Blog:\n\n> ### [Introducing Source Han Sans: An open source Pan-CJK\n> typeface](https://blog.typekit.com/2014/07/15/introducing-source-han-sans/)\n>\n> Source Han Sans, available in seven weights, is a typeface family which\n> provides full support for Japanese, Korean, Traditional Chinese, and\n> Simplified Chinese, all in one font.\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> With Ryoko’s designs in progress, we knew that to develop a truly successful\n> Pan-CJK font, we would require expertise that could be found only in type\n> foundries with years of in-country design experience. We chose to partner\n> with Iwata to expand our Japanese glyph selection. In Korea, we went with\n> Sandoll Communication, who also designed the Korean hangul (the native\n> alphabet of the Korean language) and in China, we partnered with our\n> longtime friends at Changzhou Sinotype. Our project had now grown to become\n> a collaborative effort between five companies — something somewhat\n> unprecedented in the world of type design.\n>\n> Why was it important to get this expertise? Well, the writing systems for\n> each language, particularly their ideographs that are based on historical\n> Chinese forms, took different paths over time. While some characters\n> remained unchanged and common across the languages, others morphed into\n> regional variations. One can see these in the glyphs represented below.\n> While the variations may be subtle, especially to the Western eye, they are\n> very important to the users of each language.\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ACfsZ.jpg)\n>\n> Ideograph U+66DC. From left to right: Simplified Chinese, Traditional\n> Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** : In the case of that calendar, I'm pretty sure that consistency was\nnot intended in the first place, because Japanese was clearly the primary\nlanguage that should stand out. This Japanese font is probably\n[筑紫Aオールド明朝](https://fontworks.co.jp/fontsearch/item?TsukuAOldMinPr6-B&word=%E3%80%8C%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%81%93%E5%85%B7%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8A%0A%E9%A3%BE%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8D%E3%81%9F%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%82%82%E5%B0%91%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82),\na popular but expensive Japanese font with antique-looking stylized hiragana.\nIt's adding a good traditional flavor, but it's not a reasonable choice when\ncross-language consistency is considered important. On the other hand, the\nChinese font seems to be some generic-looking serif to me. So this is what\nhappens when a Japanese designer does something mainly targeting at Japanese\naudience :)",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-27T04:06:46.347",
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},
{
"body": "I basically agree with @naruto's answer - the main reason is that if a\nJapanese designer chose a relatively unique Japanese font for design\naesthetics, it is normally a challenge to get a matching Chinese font. If\n**Simplified Chinese** is used as the Chinese text, this then becomes\n_extremely challenging_.\n\n* * *\n\nFor the photo in the question, to match the \"antique\" aesthetic for the\nChinese text, _kanji_ glyphs based on [Kangxi dictionary\nforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_Chinese_character#Orthodox_and_vulgar_variants)\n(KDF) would be needed, and only Traditional Chinese text would fully match\nKDF. Unlike Japanese typography which makes glyphs matching _Jōyō kanji_\nstandards, it is extremely rare (or even unheard of) for Chinese foundries to\nmake Kangxi aesthetics for Simplified Chinese shapes, possibly for two\nreasons:\n\n * PRC's equivalent of _Jōyō kanji_ number in the 8,000s;\n * Simplified Chinese has even more divergent shapes from KDF than _Shinjitai_.\n\nRepublic of China (Taiwan) and Hong Kong have their own standards of\nTraditional Chinese characters, but Chinese foundries also do not attempt to\nmake new glyphs with Kangxi aesthetics to match these standards. For fonts\nwith an archaic feel, **Chinese typography just adopts KDF, while in contrast\nJapanese typography creates new characters based on KDF aesthetics to match\nthe Japanese _Jōyō_ standard.**\n\n[文悅古典明朝體](https://wytype.com/typeface/WenYue-GuDianMingChaoTi), a Kangxi\ndictionary font by Beijing-based Wenyue Technologies, simply uses Traditional\nChinese glyphs at the Simplified Chinese codepoints. For a more modern and\n\"clean\" take on the KDF, see _Genryū_\n([github](https://github.com/ButTaiwan/genryu-font)), which has two varieties:\nKDF for Chinese texts (Traditional Chinese only, of course), and a Japanese\nvariant modelled on the _Jōyō_ standard suitable for Japanese typographic\nhabits.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/laD8Q.png)\n\nNote characters like「遊」,「道」,「平」, and「精」, which are handwritten identically\nacross PRC, Hong Kong, Republic of China (Taiwan), and Japan: the standard\npractice for the Chinese font is to just adopt KDF, while the Japanese variant\nmade a new glyph according to the _Jōyō_ standard.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-30T23:34:47.753",
"id": "64659",
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"score": 8
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64590
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64592
|
64592
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "判 Has the phonetic component 半, but why the semantic component knife?\n\n刊 has the phonetic component 干, but why the semantic component knife?\n\n剛 has the phonetic part 岡, but why the semantic component knife?\n\nI've seen more of these. With 雨 (rain) it often seems to indicate it has to do\nwith weather, with 貝 (shell) it indicates it has to do with money, so does ⺉/刀\nalso have such an overarching thing that isnt literally cutting, or is it one\nof those cases where it's different shit per character or the character just\nwent through simplifications?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-27T12:47:10.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64594",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-30T21:05:01.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "26510",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"radicals"
],
"title": "What semantic role does ⺉/刀(sword/cut) tend to have in Kanji?",
"view_count": 256
}
|
[
{
"body": "For this, you'll have to look at the original meaning of the those three\ncharacters to see their relation with 刀.\n\n * [判 originally meant](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/kangxi/pic.php?f=ziyuanlxq&p=376) to divide up, presumably with a knife.\n * [刊 originally meant](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/kangxi/pic.php?f=ziyuanlxq&p=376) to use a knife to cut off the outer skin\n * [The definition of 剛 was originally](http://www.zdic.net/z/16/kx/521A.htm) 彊斷也。从刀，岡聲, meaning strong. According to [林义光](http://www.guoxuedashi.com/kangxi/pic.php?f=dzd&p=377), this can be explained as using a knife to cut a net/web. This meaning seems to not have changed too much.\n\nAs is typical with Chinese characters, their meanings change over time. Often,\nthey become more generalized or applied to similar situations. 刊 for example\nfrom the meaning of cutting off the outer skin became applied to carving, and\nfrom carving onto typesetting/printing (think carving printing blocks!).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-27T22:22:46.280",
"id": "64601",
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{
"body": "* 「判」originally meant to _split something into two [halves]_ , extended to mean _to distinguish (between different things) > evaluate, judge, criticise_.「半」( _half_ ) is both a semantic and phonetic component.\n * 「刊」originally meant _to chop_ (e.g. a tree), then extended to mean _carve > publish_.\n * 「剛」means _unyielding, strong, sturdy_.「⺉・刀」is a reference to a meaning like _powerful > unyielding_.\n\nThe most common semantic contribution of「⺉・刀」was originally to do with actions\nwith a sharp tool. Semantic extension obscures this contribution slightly.\n\n> Some other examples:\n>\n> * In「到」,「⺉」is only a phonetic component.\n> * 「絕」( _Shinjitai_ :「絶」), means to _cut off_ or _extinguish_ , and\n> originally referred to the cutting「刀」of silk threads「糸」.「刀」is found on the\n> top-right hand side.\n> * In「斷」( _Shinjitai_ :「断」),「㡭」is a variant of「絕」, also containing silk\n> threads (abbreviated, 4「幺」).「刀」is the remaining part of「㡭」after 4「幺」is\n> removed; to see this, rotate「刀」90 degrees clockwise and flip it\n> horizontally.\n> * 「則」（ _rules, regulations_ ) originally referred to _pattern inscription\n> (using a tool_ 「刀」 _) on bronzeware (_ 「鼎」 _, now abbreviated into_ 「貝」 _)_.\n> * Referring back to the notes in the question,「貝」does not always have\n> something to do with _money_ ; among other things, it is sometimes an\n> abbreviation of「鼎」. Also,「貝」has nothing to do with「頁」.\n>\n\n* * *\n\n**References:**\n\n * 季旭昇《說文新證》\n * 《王力古{{kr:漢}}語字典》",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-30T21:04:42.150",
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64594
| null |
64601
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "64596",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Japanese, there are some sound differences that clearly distinguish words\nfrom one another, such as falling on a different 行 or 段 on the 五十音 ([傘]{かさ}\nvs. [風]{かぜ} or [友]{とも} vs その); while other sound differences make no\ndifference as all (English 'l' vs. English 'r', vanishing `<u>` sounds, ヱビス\nvs. エビス).\n\nWhere on this spectrum does voicedness (e.g. さ vs. ざ) fall?\n\n(I am aware that words are spelled one way or the other, but then you get\nsituations like [出島]{でじま} vs. [広島]{ひろしま} where the 島 is _clearly_ the same\nword, or the somewhat more extreme [仲田]{なかた} vs [仲田]{なかだ}.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-27T17:57:58.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64595",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-27T21:18:12.463",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-27T18:36:43.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "519",
"owner_user_id": "519",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Do words differing only in the voicedness of consonants act as functionally homophonous?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, Japanese is full of voiced-unvoiced minimal pairs. There are minimal pairs\neven when the constituent morphemes are the same:\n\n * 山川（やまかわ） mountains and rivers (dvandva compound)\n * 山川（やまがわ） mountain rivers (modifier-head compound)\n\nDvandva compounds typically don't trigger rendaku, so the former is unvoiced.\nYou can find plenty of other minimal pairs showing contrasts in voicedness,\nfor example:\n\n * 蚊（か） mosquito\n * 蛾（が） moth\n\nAnd so on. The important point is that native speakers hear these as clearly\ncontrasting words, so it's a fundamental distinction in Japanese phonology.\nThey are not homophonous in any sense.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-27T18:23:51.637",
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{
"body": "This is coming from a purely linguistic point of view, but since there are\nminimal pairs between voiced and unvoiced sounds in Japanese, where words\n_only_ differ by one consonant being voiced and one being unvoiced, MEANS that\nthey are different phonemes. That is the linguistic definition of two sounds\nbeing different phonemes.\n\nThe fact that some _kanji_ can be read with both a voiced and unvoiced variant\ndue to rendaku does not change this, especially since the reading with rendaku\nand the reading without have different meanings, hence they are minimal pairs.\n\nThe fact that some words are homophones also has nothing to do with this.",
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64595
|
64596
|
64596
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64627",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the story 愛の鍵 by 星新ー:\n\n> ある人のは「チューリップが咲いた。」と言えば開いたし「しっかりしなくちゃあ。」と言う **の** もあった。なかには「王さまの耳はロバの耳。」などと、\n> **こったの** もあった。 \n> One person's _phrase_ to open the lock was to say \"The tulips have\n> bloomed\". There was also one which said \"You must make it secure\". Among\n> them, there was, for example, \"The ears of a king are the ears of a robber\".\n\nThe story seems to be describing locks shaped like ears that people unlock by\nwhispering phrases into them.\n\nI cannot understand the meaning of こった in the second sentence. Maybe 請う would\nfit with the quotative particle, but the dictionary says that this means 'ask'\nwhich doesn't really seem to fit the context.\n\nMore generally I'm having trouble with the the two の particles marked in bold.\nIn と言うのもあった is の a pronoun describing a person or a phrase, i.e. is it 'there\nwas one person who said ' or 'there was one phrase which said'? My guess is\nthat it matches with the の in ある人のは, so it is **one** person with **two**\nphrases. Likewise I'm struggling with the の in こったの.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-27T21:10:52.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64598",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-09T06:08:02.307",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-27T21:16:13.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of こった in Xと、こったのもあった",
"view_count": 273
}
|
[
{
"body": "This こる is 凝る, which loosely means \"to elaborate\", \"to have a variety of\nideas\", etc. See also [趣向を凝らす](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%B6%A3%E5%90%91).\n\n> ある人 **の** は「チューリップが咲いた。」と言えば開いたし「しっかりしなくちゃあ。」と言う **の**\n> もあった。なかには「王さまの耳はロバの耳。」などと、こった **の** もあった。\n\nThis sentence has many の's, but they all basically mean \"one\", or \"lock\".\n\n * ある人の means \"one person's lock\" (it's like 私の meaning \"mine\").\n * 「しっかりしなくちゃあ」と言うの = 「しっかりしなくちゃあ」と言うもの = one (a lock) to which one (must) say しっかりしなくちゃあ\n * こったの = こったもの = 凝った鍵 = elaborate/tricky lock",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T03:51:31.937",
"id": "64627",
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64598
|
64627
|
64627
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64606",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> Speaker talking about a painting with a goddess and an owl\n>\n> 「ミネルヴァの梟は夜に飛ぶ──と記したのはヘーゲルでしたか。知恵の女神の聖鳥である梟もまた知恵の象徴」\n>\n> **「そんな梟が夜に飛び立ったのを人が知るのは、夜が明けて朝になってから。いつの世も人は起こったことしか知ることができないのです」**\n>\n> 「未来のことがわかれば……なんて、誰しも思ってしまいますけどね。ふふ」\n\nThe people who know that the owl flies off at night, after morning dawns.\nいつの世も people only know that this occurs.\n\nI find it difficult to follow the middle statement in terms of how to\ninterpret ...が知るのは、夜が明けて朝になってから。with a period. and what いつの世も is describing.\n\nAlong with what any of this has to to with knowing the future.\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-28T00:04:11.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64603",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-28T01:51:05.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "fragmented statement and いつの世も",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "> そんな梟が夜に飛び立ったのを人が知る **のは** 、夜が明けて朝になってから( **です** )。 \n> It is (only) after dawn breaks and morning comes that people (can) realize\n> the owl has flied off at night.\n\nThis is a [cleft sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010)\nwhere the ～から part is pulled out for emphasis. です at the end of the sentence\nhas been omitted. The original sentence is:\n\n> 夜が明けて朝になってから、人はそんな梟が夜に飛び立ったのを知ります。 \n> People realize the owl has flied off at night (only) after dawn breaks and\n> morning comes.\n\n* * *\n\nいつの世も means \"in any age\", \"regardless of the era\", etc. It's in the same vein\nas [どの～も](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30850/5010) grammar.\n\n> いつの世も人は起こったことしか知ることができないのです。 \n> Regardless of the era, people can only know things that have (already)\n> happened.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T01:36:11.557",
"id": "64606",
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64603
|
64606
|
64606
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64605",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ５千円からお預かりいたします。３千円のおつりでございます。\n\nI don't understand the use of 預かる here. Jisho says it means \"to look after\"\n\"to keep in custody\" so I can understand a sentence like これを預かっていただけませんか and\nここで手荷物を預かっていただけますか but not the first one above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T00:30:59.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64604",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-28T13:57:30.563",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-28T13:46:01.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "27223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What does this sentence mean?",
"view_count": 342
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ５千円からお預かりいたします。３千円のおつりでございます。\n\n\"Out of 5,000 yen (note). Here's your change, 3,000 yen.\"\n\n* * *\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典...\n\n> あずかる【預かる】 \n> ➍《「○○円からー」の形で》〔俗〕売り手が釣り銭の必要な代金をいったん手元に引きとる。\n> 「千円からお預かりします」▹近年、コンビニなどから出た言い方。「まずは○○円から、仮に預かる」という気持ちで言っていると思われる。\n\nSo... 「○○円から預かる」 seems to be a pretty new and slangy usage. (But 「○○円(を)預かる」\ndoesn't sound slangy, as discussed in the comments below.) The dictionary says\nit's probably used in the sense of \"First, I'll keep (hold of) ¥○○\ntentatively.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-28T01:01:51.617",
"id": "64605",
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64604
|
64605
|
64605
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64619",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "for example\n\n> 優美な笑顔を **向けられ** 、そう答えるしかなかった。\n>\n> 寝たきりだった体を起こした時のような鈍い痛みが全身に走っていて、それは彼女と森で出会った頃よりも強く **感じられた** 。\n\nIn these cases, the first person narrator is describing his own actions.\n\nIn what circumstances would you choose to use the passive form for your\nactions?\n\nthank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T06:12:19.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64609",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-28T06:37:03.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Passive referring to one's own actions",
"view_count": 93
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 優美な笑顔を向けられ、そう答えるしかなかった。\n\nThe subject of 優美な笑顔を向け **られる** and そう答える is the same person, so the 向けられる is\nnormal passive.\n\n> \"I **was given** an elegant smile, so I had no choice but reply that way.\"\n\n優美な笑顔を向け **る** , \"to give an elegant smile\", was done by someone else.\n\n* * *\n\n> 寝たきりだった体を起こした時のような鈍い痛みが全身に走っていて、それは彼女と森で出会った頃よりも強く感じられた。\n\nThe 感じ **られる** is spontaneous (自発), not passive (受け身).\n\nFor more on the usage of the spontaneous auxiliary れる・られる, you could refer to\n[Why is the passive form used in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42680/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2018-12-28T14:38:48.850",
"id": "64619",
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64609
|
64619
|
64619
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{
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"body": "I was typing something up and when I went to type apple in Japanese, the\nMicrosoft IME on the computer I was using defaulted to リンゴ in katakana. But\nfrom what I remember seeing online and out in the real world from time to\ntime, りんご is usually written in hiragana as such. What was weirder to me was\nthat when I typed orange in Japanese, it defaults to みかん in hiragana.\n\nI have come across [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44612/why-\nis-%e3%82%8a%e3%82%93%e3%81%94-written-in-hiragana) and [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1930/why-are-katakana-\npreferred-over-hiragana-or-kanji-sometimes), as well as [this\nquestion](https://www.quora.com/Why-is-katakana-widely-used-to-express-\nanimals-and-plants-in-Japanese) over on Quora trying to find an answer.\n\nThe gist of what those three links explain, if I understand them all\ncorrectly, is that writing a word in hiragana is usually because its kanji\nform contains non-standard kanji and is thus for ease of reading, and katakana\nis used either for emphasis/ease of reading or in academic contexts.\n\nWhat I was wondering was, unless you are discussing something in an academic\ncontext, are words that contain non-joyo kanji almost always written in\nhiragana?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T07:24:20.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64610",
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"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"orthography",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Why are certain terms sometimes written in hiragana and sometimes in katakana?",
"view_count": 46
}
|
[] |
64610
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64612",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't know how it is written, but it was subtitled as \"she's weird\". For\ncontext: It was thought by one character after seeing another essentially tell\nothers to go away so she could sleep in class.\n\nI could only find definitions for \"hen\" and \"atsu\". \"Hen\" could mean\n\"strange\", and \"atsu\" could be a shortening of \"atsukamashi\", which means\n\"impudent\"/\"shameless\".\n\nWith \"nai\" in the middle, the closest I can come up with is \"not just strange,\nbut shameless\", but I'm super iffy on that.\n\nAny help will be greatly appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T07:26:37.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64611",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30052",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does \"hennaiatsu\" actually mean?",
"view_count": 1395
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you may be parsing what you heard incorrectly. From the context you've\nprovided I would reckon what was said was 「変【へん】な奴【やつ】」, which in the context\nyou provided means \"She's weird,\" and more generally means \"(a person) is\nweird.\" 奴 is a vulgar/informal/derogatory way of referring to any person or\nobject.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T07:44:55.607",
"id": "64612",
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"owner_user_id": "17915",
"parent_id": "64611",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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64611
|
64612
|
64612
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64615",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to ask what is the difference between \"じゃない\" and \"ない\"?\n\nI know that \"ない\" is an i-adjective (info from dictionary).\n\nBut we have a sentence for example:\n\n> 近くも遠くも **ない** です。\n\nCan we say:\n\n> 近くも遠くも **じゃない** です。\n\nIf not, please explain why. \n \n\nI've also found here this information:\n\n> \"You may be aware that ない is the negative form of ある\".\n\nHow does it come???\n\nIs \"ない\" i-adjective or negative conjugation of verb \"ある\"? \n \n\nI think that now I do not understand nothing.\n\nThank you very much in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T10:41:33.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64613",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-28T11:23:37.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32215",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Difference between \"じゃない\" and \"ない\"",
"view_count": 731
}
|
[
{
"body": "ある is a verb which means \"to be located\" (It also means 'to have', but that is\nnot relevant here).\n\nThe negative conjugation of ある is ない. Which behaves grammatically like an\ni-adjective. Whether it is strictly correct to call it in i-adjective, I do\nnot know.\n\nSo ない means 'is not located'. Therefore your sentence can translate as \"It is\nlocated neither near nor far _from here_ \".\n\nじゃない means 'is not'. But it denotes the lack of equality of two things. e.g\n.\"A cat is not a vegetable\". 猫は野菜じゃない. Can you see how this is different from\nthe \"is not\" in \"He is not here\"? In the latter we are talking about a\nlocation and not about the equivalence between \"him\" and \"here\".\n\n**Note, that I am confident about the things above this line, but less so\nabout the things below.**\n\nUnfortunately things can get more complicated. If you wanted to say \"It is not\nhere\" you could say ここにない but you could also say ここじゃない. I'm starting to\nspeculate now, but I think the latter could just be an abbreviation of\nあるところはここじゃない. That is to say that the equivalence we are comparing is, **the\nplace where it is located** , and **here**. Which makes more sense than\ncomparing **it** (which maybe a cabbage) and **here** , which is a place.\n\nFor this reason, as a non-native speaker, I'm not sure if 近くも遠くもじゃない is\ngrammatical. It sounds weird to me though.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T11:18:35.090",
"id": "64615",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-12-28T11:23:37.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
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"parent_id": "64613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64613
|
64615
|
64615
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "It is said by an old man who looks like wanting to teach boxing to a young\nman.\n\n> 青山くんよ ふたりきりの人目につかんところにいこう 折り入ってひみつに伝授したいこともある **しのう**\n\nI'm not sure if it is related to the word 死ぬ in volitional form because it\nunlikely fits into the context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T11:13:38.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64614",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-28T20:22:31.473",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-28T20:22:31.473",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"manga",
"role-language"
],
"title": "What does the word 「しのう」 mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 57
}
|
[] |
64614
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/F8fVh.jpg)\n\nMy question stems from item 4 and 5 in this picture, which is taken from a\ntextbook of advanced Japanese reading. These two items fell into the normal\npresent tense in English. In English, it would be weird to say \"if\". For\nexample, it seems to be more natural to translate the first sentence to \"When\nit is April, cherry blossoms bloom.\", rather than \"If it is April, cherry\nblossoms bloom.\"\n\nAccording to my understanding, among the 4 \"if\"s, only たら and と can also mean\n\"when\". So what is going on here? Should we use \"when\" or \"if\" when\ntranslating these sentences?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T12:50:47.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64616",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-27T16:13:11.937",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-27T16:12:23.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "17942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"expressions",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Can a clause ending in ば be translated to \"when\"?",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you need to let go of making a distinction where Japanese doesn't make\none, just because English makes a distinction.\n\nAll ば in a first clause does is set up a hypothetical condition of a verb, and\nthe second sentence then explains what would happen if that hypothetical\ncondition was met.\n\nIn English, both ''If'' and ''when'' can do this. If is a standard condition.\nif x then y. ''When'' originally means a point in time. But if you're talking\nabout a hypothetical point in time, then ''when'' can easily be used as a\ncondition. Because ''when the point in time x happens, then y will happen. So\nwhen we want to emphasize time we definitely tend to say when. However in\nEnglish we have an entirely different structure and different commonly used\npatterns that make things sound natural. That is very similar in knowing when\nto use all the other conditionals in Japanese. Only 1 of the conditionals\ntruly means something different.\n\nThe particle と at the end of a clause indicates a state something is in. It is\na logical condition. If x happens then y will happen, it's something to be\nexpected. It's more used for facts. It can also be used just to indicate the\nstate of something is in without even creating an if statement type thing.\nLike it does when you add と to an adverb, it just emphasises the verb was done\nin that state.\n\nThe rest of the conditionals are all different forms of the same thing that\ncame to be used in different contexts and expressions. I'm not sure how the\nnuance differs.\n\nAs far as I know:\n\nば is a generic or hypothetical condition.\n\nなら(ば). This is used for possibilities and consequences that someone would like\nto have. なら usually comes in response to what someone else said, . like ''If\nJune goes too, I will join the party as well''. it's also used in certain\nfixed expressions. There used to be a copula なり (copula=だ/です) and that's where\nならば comes from, it's the hypothetical form of it.なら was the 未然形 form of なり,\nthe one now mostly used to attach the negative ない to a verb.\n\nたら(ば)is a conditional that comes from the helper word たり that would attach to\na verb, たら is the shortened hypothetical version of it. It has more emphasis\non the condition itself rather than what happens after. Maybe that's because\nit resembles the past form of a verb, I don't know, but that seems to be the\nnuance it has.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T13:28:39.870",
"id": "64617",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
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"parent_id": "64616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64616
|
64617
|
64617
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64629",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As the title says, I've been having some trouble with recognizing the\ndifference between 適切、適当 and 適宜 as in dictionaries they are all translated to\n\"appropriate, suitable\".\n\nAccording to [this site](https://nanichiga.net/tekiji-tekigi/)\n\n * 適当{てきとう} is equivalent to \n\n> ほどよく **あてはまる**\n\n * 適切{てきせつ} means something like \n\n> 過不足なく、 **きちっと** あてはまるようす\n\n * and 適宜{てきぎ} is \n\n> 「適当」や「適切」、「適度」という言葉すべての言葉の意を含めて「 **ちょうどよい** 」という意味を表す便利な言葉\n\nbut that only leaves me with more questions because the dictionary translates\nほどよく as \"rightly; properly; moderately\" and both きちっと and ちょうど as \"just\nright\".\n\nAccording to [this site](https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20180221-586893/) the\ndifference between 適切 and 適当 is that the level of \"rightness\": in case of 適切\nis more precise. The site provides following examples of use:\n\n> 「 **適当** な広さの土地」 \n> 「 **適切** な指導を行う」 \n> 「 **適宜** に取り計らう」\n\nbut that still doesn't really help me, I'm pretty sure 「適切な広さ」 and 「適当な指導」 are\ncorrect as well and I don't really see what \"more precise\" could mean when\ncomparing these.\n\nI've looked on other sites as well, but the examples they provide are\nsimilarly vague. I would really appreciate it if someone could provide some\nclarification.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T20:50:19.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64620",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T20:07:27.163",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-29T20:07:27.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "5176",
"owner_user_id": "31394",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 適切、適当 and 適宜?",
"view_count": 1725
}
|
[
{
"body": "* **適当** : This is actually a tricky word because it has two seemingly opposite meanings. 適当 especially in casual speech usually means \"careless\", \"irresponsible\", \"lightheaded\", \"random\", etc. 適当 in formal writings usually means \"suitable\", \"corresponding\", \"fitting\", etc. For example 適当な店 can mean \"suitable restaurant\" or \"randomly-chosen restaurant\" depending on the context, and it sometimes confuses even native speakers. See: [Why do 適当 and いい加減 refer to both considerate and inconsiderate things?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2457/5010)\n * **適切** : This is a safer choice that only means \"appropriate\". If you want to play safe in formal writings, you should be using this.\n * **適宜** : This has a different meaning from others. It's a formal word which means \"according to the situation\", \"on a case-by-case basis\", \"taking a proper action for each step\", etc. This is used when someone does not want to go into detail. Also note that this almost always works as a standalone adverb that does not take に, at least in modern Japanese. 適宜に is recognized by some dictionaries but it sounds weird to me. For example, 適切に敬語を使う simply means \"to use keigo appropriately\", whereas 適宜敬語を使う means something more nuanced like \"to use keigo depending on the situation\" or \"to use proper keigo when(ever) necessary\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T04:07:49.527",
"id": "64629",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
64620
|
64629
|
64629
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This sentence is from Death Note, specifically on how to use it.\n\nThis sentence is written in-universe using English. It states, “This note will\nnot take effect unless the writer has the person’s face in their mind when\nwriting his/her (the victim’s) name.”\n\nI understand that 書く is modifying 人物, which would lead me to believe that 人物\nis in reference to **the person writing**.\n\nHowever, 人物 being the owner of 顔 would imply that 人物 is the person whose name\nis **being written**.\n\nWhat is going on, grammatically speaking? Is this sentence ambiguous to native\nspeakers? Would it be any more or less ambiguous without the story context of\nDeath Note?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-28T20:56:44.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64621",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-04T02:10:11.000",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-04T02:10:11.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "32386",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"parsing",
"relative-clauses",
"ambiguous-relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Parsing the sentence 書く人物の顔が頭に入っていないと効果はない",
"view_count": 186
}
|
[
{
"body": "Grammatically, this is an inherent ambiguity of Japanese relative clauses. A\nJapanese relative clause works by changing the word order and **dropping** a\ncase particle like が, を or に, and therefore it may result in an ambiguous\nphrase. This typically happens when both the subject and the object are\nhumans.\n\n> 人物 **を** 書く。 (Someone) write the (name of the) person. \n> 書く人物 the person ((whose name) someone) writes / the person whose name is\n> written \n> (人物 is the object of 書く)\n\n> 人物 **が** 書く。 A person writes (something). \n> 書く人物 the person who writes (something) / the writer \n> (人物 is the subject of 書く)\n\nFor example, あげた人 can refer to either a giver or a receiver depending on the\ncontext. From AがBをCに紹介する (\"A introduces B to C\"), you can construct 紹介する人,\nwhich can be interpreted either as \"someone who introduces B to C\" (=A),\n\"someone who A introduces to C\" (=B), or \"someone who A introduces B to\" (=C).\n\nSee also: [が in subordinate\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30171/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T05:43:33.030",
"id": "64630",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T06:17:41.877",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-29T06:17:41.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
64621
| null |
64630
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64644",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I stumbled upon a sentence where I don't get the grammar:\n\n> (括れは) 柔{やわ}らかなままに弾{はず}んだ力{ちから}をたわめていて\n\nthe topic being the waist of a woman.\n\nWhat I don't understand shouldn't it rather be で instead of を (because the\nwaist is bent with a springyness or elasticity)?\n\nOr is it a case where で and を can be used equivalently similar like in this\npost here: [Making sense of transitive usage of 行く and 来る - 「を行く」 and\n「を来る」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3243/making-sense-of-\ntransitive-usage-\nof-%e8%a1%8c%e3%81%8f-and-%e6%9d%a5%e3%82%8b-%e3%82%92%e8%a1%8c%e3%81%8f-and-%e3%82%92%e6%9d%a5%e3%82%8b?rq=1)\n?\n\nIn my opinion it would be the waist that should be an object to たわめる.\n\nBTW: is たわめる the potential form of たわむ? because my dictionary has two\ndifferent entries for たわめる - one potential form of \"to bend/たわむ\" and the other\n\"to bend (a piece of wood)\" which is not potential. Is there any real\ndifference?\n\nThanks a lot!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T01:33:15.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64624",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-30T00:28:06.263",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-29T23:11:08.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "ちから, たわめる and を-Particle",
"view_count": 159
}
|
[
{
"body": "> is たわめる the potential form of たわむ?\n\nNo, たわむ doesn't have the potential form because it's a non-volitional\nintransitive verb, besides, the subject for たわむ is virtually limited to\ninanimate objects, which can't be the subject for potential verbs, like your\nexample.\n\nたわめる is the transitive version of たわむ. In this case, 捩じれ is the subject to\nbend something and 弾んだ力 is the object to be bended.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T23:01:48.603",
"id": "64643",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T23:01:48.603",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "64624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Grammatically speaking, たわめる is a simple transitive verb, くびれ is its subject,\nand 弾んだ力 is its object. (を before an intransitive verb is also a kind of\nlocation marker like English \"across\" or \"through\", but that has nothing to do\nwith this sentence.)\n\nDictionaries say たわめる is a transitive verb meaning \"to bend (something)\",\nalthough \"to bend a force\" makes little sense. Actually, たわめる is a more\nnuanced verb. It's used with an elastic sheet- or stick-like object (e.g.,\nbow, bamboo, rubber mat), and implies the existence of a restoring force.\nBending a steel pipe using a burner is パイプを曲げる but not パイプをたわめる because the\ndeformation is irreversible. So, although 力をたわめる is perhaps not a standard\ncombination, I think it means \"to _hold/store_ a (spring-like, elastic) force\"\nhere. 柔らかなままに弾んだ力をたわめていて is basically describing how her waist is \"soft yet\n_bouncy_ \".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-30T00:22:04.207",
"id": "64644",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-30T00:28:06.263",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-30T00:28:06.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
64624
|
64644
|
64644
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "a follow up on: [Can ような mean \"To\nmake\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60189/can-%e3%82%88%e3%81%86%e3%81%aa-\nmean-to-make)\n\n> X は仰け反り、聞いてるこちらが悲しくなる **ような** 悲鳴を上げた。\n\nX shrieked in a way that made me become sorrowful\n\n> Person talking to the speaker was singing before\n>\n> あの惚れ惚れする **ような** 歌声を聞いていたためか、ひどく棒読みに聞こえるのは。\n\nI heard her voice as extremely monotone, maybe because i had already heard her\nsinging voice that enchanted me (made me enchanted?)\n\n> あはは、と少女はおどけて笑う。意識しているのかどうかは不明だが、俺のいたたまれない緊張がほぐれる **ような** 優しい笑みだった。\n\nIt was unclear whether she(I?) realized it or not , but it was a smile that\nmade my unendurable tension relax.\n\nI feel this usage is much more explicit for the first example, does also apply\nto the other two examples?\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T01:34:57.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64625",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-14T22:13:52.540",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "follow up on: Can ような mean \"To make\"?",
"view_count": 112
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Can ような mean “To make”?\n\nNo.\n\nよう(な) literally means something like \"form, way, shape\". And it indicates that\nsomething **is like** something in this case.\n\n> あの惚れ惚れするような歌声 = That singing voice like one we would be charmed by\n> (literally)\n\nThe action marked by ような isn't actually executed.\n\nBut of course, when translating, you could translate it by \"to make\" even\nthough in my opinion it's not 100% accurate, there isn't a universal\ntranslation for everything.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T13:24:05.947",
"id": "64632",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T14:05:31.017",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-29T14:05:31.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "32204",
"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "64625",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64625
| null |
64632
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64636",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Speaker asked how he was doing after waking up from his injuries.\n\n> Q「それよりも大丈夫？ 痛むところとかない？」\n>\n> speaker「いや……ありまくりだ。痛くないところがない」\n>\n> speaker **指一本、いやこうしているだけでも、断続的に節々が痛む。**\n>\n> speaker 寝たきりだった体を起こした時のような鈍い痛みが全身に走っていて、それは彼女と森で出会った頃よりも強く感じられた。\n\nmy finger, ugh though it's like this (everywhere hurts?), hurts intermittently\n\nHow do i interpret いやこうしている here?\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T02:07:44.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64626",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T16:18:12.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "いやこうしている in this statement",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could understand the sentence like this...\n\n> 指一本（動かしただけで…）、いや、こうしているだけでも、断続的に節々が痛む。\n\nBy 指一本, he tries to say something like 指一本動かしただけで、～～, but corrects himself by\nsaying いや、\"no\", こうしているだけでも、～～.\n\n\"(By moving just) a finger... no, even when I'm staying (still) like this, my\njoints hurt intermittently.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T15:55:44.120",
"id": "64636",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T16:18:12.957",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-29T16:18:12.957",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "64626",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
64626
|
64636
|
64636
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> \"時間{じかん}は十分{じゅうぶん}にあるので, 急{いそ}ぐことはありません。\"\n\nWhat is the meaning (or the grammatical role) of に in 十分に?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T13:22:16.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64631",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-25T18:50:11.563",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-25T18:50:11.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "29840",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What is the meaning (or the grammatical role) of に in 十分に?",
"view_count": 357
}
|
[
{
"body": "It changes 十分 into an adverb. Because 十分 is a na-adjective, when you want to\nchange it into an adverb, you put に after it. Note that ある is a verb, so to\ndescribe it, you need an adverb.\n\nYou can read more about it\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/adverbs).\n\nEDIT: As naruto mentions, 十分 is also an adverb by itself so the に is optional.\n\nEDIT2: However, based on the [corpus provided by The\nNational](http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/headword/AN.00024/) [Institute for Japanese\nLanguage and Linguistics](http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/headword/AV.00156/) (there's\n2 separate entries for 十分 based on the parsed grammatical part of speech), 十分\nis used with the に a bit more frequently: 十分に＋動詞 (3686) vs 十分＋動詞\n(533+1307=1840).\n\nNote that the second number is probably higher due to some 932 entries that\nweren't analyzed (未分析).\n\nFor ある specifically, it seems that there's a preference for 十分ある (227) over\n十分にある (139+2).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T15:20:06.423",
"id": "64635",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-09T20:07:11.607",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-09T20:07:11.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "64631",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
64631
| null |
64635
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to say \"I write slow\".\n\nI figured it would be:\n\n> おそい（が）かく。\n\nBut a native speaker didn't understand me and said it was:\n\n> かくのがおそい。\n\nNow I understand how の after a verb makes it a noun, but I always thought the\nverb had to be last. Why would you need to make it a noun if its the only\nacting verb? Is there a reason why the way I said the sentence is wrong?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T14:04:10.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64633",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T23:25:02.763",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-29T23:25:02.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "32241",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Can an adjective come after a verb?",
"view_count": 310
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese, the verb (or adjective) has to be at the end of the clause, so it\ncan very well be in the middle of a sentence.\n\n> おそい（が）かく\n\nIs wrong because it doesn't make any sense. In this case, が would mean \"but\".\n\nEven if you wrote:\n\n> おそいかく\n\nIt would be wrong because you cannot qualify a verb (here かく) with an\nadjective (here おそい), it would literally mean \"slow write\".\n\nIn:\n\n> かくのがおそい\n\nYou first nominalize the verb かく with の as you already know it makes it act\nlike a noun. And then you qualify this nominal group with が/はおそい.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T14:13:40.840",
"id": "64634",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T14:13:40.840",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "64633",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
64633
| null |
64634
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64647",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> こうした家族の変化 **で**\n> 、何が起きているのか。([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20181228/k10011761401000.html?utm_int=tokushu-\n> new_contents_list-items_003))\n\nThe で indicates the \"cause\"(what is happening because of the transformation?)\nor the \"location\"(what is happening in the transformation?)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T17:04:36.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64637",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-30T14:11:03.293",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-30T14:11:03.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "32056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What is the function of で in こうした家族の変化で、何が起きているのか?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's an alternative way of saying `こうした家族の変化によって、何が起きているのか。` (cause). It's not\nimpossible to interpret it as \"location\" (for example,\n`こうした幼虫から成虫への変化で異常が起きることがある` would be \"location\"), but I think overall (given\nthe context etc) it's quite clear that it's the former in this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-30T12:52:46.700",
"id": "64647",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-30T12:52:46.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "64637",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
64637
|
64647
|
64647
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64642",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> [彼女]{かのじょ}が[最初]{さいしょ}に[来]{き}たのにはびっくりした。\n\nWhat is the usage of のには? I think that「の」means「こと」, that is, a generic event.\nBut I can't understand the usage of には in this case.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T17:17:08.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64638",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T22:00:33.777",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-29T17:30:54.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "32390",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"には"
],
"title": "What does「のには」mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "の as you said is the nominalizer. You could have used こと instead.\n\nびっくりする means \"to be surprised\". には are just the normal particles, and would be\ntranslated by \"at\" here.\n\n> 彼女が最初に来たのにはびっくりした。 : I got surprised at the fact she came in first.\n\nThe は indicates a contrast, and you could have omitted it. The に is the same に\nyou would use for other expressions like に驚く.\n\nIn the\n[dictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AB/),\nyou can see the exact definition for this usage:\n\n> ７ 動作・作用の原因・理由・きっかけとなるものを示す。…のために。…によって。「あまりのうれしさに泣き出す」「退職金をもとでに商売を始める」\n\n(or at least I think this is the one)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T22:00:33.777",
"id": "64642",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T22:00:33.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "64638",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
64638
|
64642
|
64642
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64641",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 使い方は実戦でな\n\nIt's from a video game \"Final Fantasy X\". At the beginning of the game Auron\ngives Tidus a sword and says this phrase before their first battle with\nenemies.\n\nIs there some verb omitted between で and な, like 見て?\n\nOr he just says, \"It's for use in the real battle\" ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T19:55:38.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64639",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T21:46:55.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What でな means here?",
"view_count": 363
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 使い方は実戦でな\n\nThis \"sentence\" is like the ones where we omit the verb and just use を at the\nend:\n\n> 良い一日を\n\nFrom the context, I would guess it means something like \" _learn how to use it\nin a real battle_ \" where the verb \"learn\" is omitted. As for the で and the な,\nな is the 終助詞, and で is the 格助詞 so nothing special.\n\nThe full sentence could be:\n\n> 使い方は実戦で身につけな",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-29T21:46:55.837",
"id": "64641",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-29T21:46:55.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32204",
"parent_id": "64639",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
64639
|
64641
|
64641
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "64646",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across a website in Japanese that explains the difference between 我慢\nand 耐える. The link is <https://ameblo.jp/naka-tatsuya/entry-11896324259.html>\n\nThe full sentence is as follows:\n\n> 我慢というのはその時、その場しのぎで、不平不満を持ちながもらしょうがなく乗り切ることを言います。\n\nI was able to translate the first part, which goes something like, “Saying 我慢\nis a temporary or stopgap measure, and...”\n\nI think the second part goes something like, “They are saying that they will\nsurvive without having complaints and grumbling.”\n\nI don't know, guys. The second part has me really stumped. I would really\nappreciate if you could help me understand the proper way to translate it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-30T03:02:14.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "64645",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-30T04:30:49.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is a good translation for 不平不満を持ちながもらしょうがなく乗り切ることを言います。?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 我慢というのはその時、その場しのぎで、不平不満を持ちながらも、しょうがなく乗り切ることを言います。 \n> (The idea of) _Gaman_ is taking stopgap measures and getting away, not\n> knowing what else to do, even though you have complaints.\n\nながもら should be a typo for [ながらも](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8C%E3%82%89%E3%82%82-nagara-mo/), a stiff way\nof saying \"even though\". 乗り切る is \"to go through (a difficult part)\", \"to get\naway (from an undesirable situation)\", etc. しょうがなく is \"having no other\nchoice\", \"as a last resort\", etc. And let's not overuse \"say\" to translate\nという, see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52003/5010).\n\n* * *\n\nAnyway, that article is not something you can trust as a language learner. The\narticle is saying 耐える is a more positive word used with a future prospect, but\nI don't agree with this explanation. In addition, 耐える has etymologically\nnothing to do with 多得る; it's just his own wordplay.\n\nThe fundamental difference between 耐える and 我慢する is in their usages.\n\n耐える is an intransitive verb used in the form of ～に耐える, and its used with some\n_unwanted_ stress, situation, attack, desire, etc. When the target is a\nclearly _external_ one, 耐える is the only choice. The subject of 耐える can be an\ninanimate object, too.\n\n我慢する is a transitive verb, and it can be used with something you want to do,\nespecially your own desire.\n\nUse 耐える for external things:\n\n> * 我々は敵の攻撃に耐えた。 (敵の攻撃 is external and undesirable)\n> * 困難に耐えた。 (\"hard situation\" is something clearly external to you)\n> * この防具はライフルの弾に耐えられる。 (防具 is inanimate)\n>\n\nUse 我慢する for things you want to do/use:\n\n> * 食事を我慢する, 食べたいのを我慢する\n> * 贅沢を我慢する\n> * シャワーを我慢する, トイレを我慢する\n>\n\nBoth can be used when the target is an unwanted internal feeling/desire:\n\n> * 眠気に耐える = 眠気を我慢する\n> * 空腹に耐える = 空腹を我慢する\n> * 痛みに耐える = 痛みを我慢する\n>\n\nWhen two are interchangeable, I feel 耐える sounds a little stiffer and more\nformal.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-30T04:30:49.897",
"id": "64646",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-30T04:30:49.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "64645",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
64645
|
64646
|
64646
|
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