question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was watching this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug6-AHozEMY) and\nnoticed the title. I would have thought that it would be something like\n自分の目で確かめよう to mean \"see for yourself\". But instead it is\n\n> その目で確かめよう\n\nwhich would have the literal meaning of \"Confirm with those eyes.\" その手 seems\nlike it might be used in a similar way (その手に触れるまで seems like it might\nsomething similar and at least appears in some songs/movies), but when are\nsome other times one might use そのX to mean \"your X\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-23T14:19:36.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74040",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T04:48:23.690",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-23T14:35:09.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "When is その used to mean \"you\"?",
"view_count": 210
}
|
[
{
"body": "When it's used with a body parts and the message is given towards no one\nspecific, I feel that it has a nuance of \"your OWN (body parts)\". So,\n`その目で確かめよう` is like `See it with your OWN eyes` or `See it with your eyes`.\nboth translations make sense. This is often used in a TV commercial, poem etc\nand the message is given to anyone, no one specific.\n\nSome other times we might use そのX to mean \"your OWN (body parts)\" would be:\n\n> * （あなた自身の／あなたの）その手で試してみてください\n> * （あなた自身の／あなたの）その手で夢をつかみとれ\n> * （あなた自身の／あなたの）その耳で確かめよう\n> * （あなた自身の／あなたの）その目で確かめよう\n> * （あなた自身の／あなたの）その心で感じよう\n>\n\nThe `その` in `その手に触れるまで` is very similar but it's used more as a simple \"your\"\nand it sounds like the speaker is thinking about a hand of someone specific\nlike someone the speaker is in love with, etc. Unlike the examples above, the\ntranslation for this one would be `until I touch your hand`. It can't really\nbe translated as `until I touch your own hand`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-23T21:23:51.887",
"id": "74042",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-23T22:09:10.870",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-23T22:09:10.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "17476",
"owner_user_id": "17476",
"parent_id": "74040",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "その is typically used when a speaker is actually seeing something near the\nlistener. For example, an angry person may say (お前の)その耳は飾りか? (\"Are those ears\n(of yours) just for show?\"). So this use of その makes the message sound more\ndramatic because it sounds as if someone were seeing YOU and conveying this\nmessage directly to YOU (imagine that [\"I want YOU\"\nposter](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unclesamwantyou.jpg)). To take\nanother example, a warning message for [ore-ore\nfraud](https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00403/it%E2%80%99s-me-again-\ntelephone-scams-in-japan-hit-record-level-despite-awareness-campaigns.html)\nmay look like その電話は本物ですか (Is THIS call genuine?), which sounds dramatic and\nclose-at-hand.\n\nIt's also perfectly fine to say あなたのその目で確かめよう, but a word like あなたの is usually\nomitted in Japanese anyway.\n\n**EDIT:** As chocolate pointed out, この sometimes works like a \"vivid/emphatic\nversion of _my_ \", too (e.g., この目で見たんです!).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T03:30:20.270",
"id": "74049",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T04:48:23.690",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-24T04:48:23.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74040",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74040
| null |
74042
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74048",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> その中には巨体の芳江が泡を吹いてノビている姿もある。\n\nI got the above sentence from a short story that goes like this: a gymnastics\nclub made up of high school girls is ordered by the student council to attack\none high school girl who is a member of the Comic Book Club. This girl has\nproven to be more than a match for them and knocked out more than 10 of them.\n\nI can figure out parts of the sentence.\n\n * その中には has the meaning of “among them”. In this case, “among the girls who have been knocked out”.\n * 巨体の芳江 seems to have the meaning of “big-bodied Yoshie”. Regrettably, the story does not provide how to read her name, so I am just guessing. What is clear to me is that the sentence is talking about a club member who has a bigger body than the others.\n * 泡を吹いて has the literal meaning of “blowing bubbles”, but the picture that comes with the story indicates that the meaning is closer to “frothing”, that is to say, drooling.\n * ノビている seems to be a slang form of 伸びる, and I am not sure if it is referring to her “stretching out” or “passing out”.\n * 姿もある might have a meaning like “even has a figure” or “there is also an aspect”. There might be some other meaning that I missed.\n\nRight now, I think the sentence is translated into English as follows:\n\n> Among them, big-bodied Yoshie is frothing and even has a figure that has\n> passed out.\n\nI don't know if that's exactly right. Please tell me if I'm right or wrong. If\nI'm wrong, please tell me what a better translation might be.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-23T23:06:56.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74045",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T09:58:22.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Can you help me understand the following sentence?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "* This 姿 is modified by 芳江が泡を吹いてノビている, not ノビている alone. 姿 means \"figure/picture/appearance\", but it's often omitted when translated into English.\n * This 姿もある is simply \"there is a 姿, too\". The topic of your sentence is その中(に), which cannot \"have\" a thing. (A sentence like 彼女には夢がある is usually translated like \"She has a dream\", but it's literally \"Within her, there is a dream\".)\n * ノビる means \"to stretch out on the floor after being beaten or exhausted\". A person who is ノビている is at least groggy, but may not be completely unconscious.\n * The reading of 芳江 is almost certainly Yoshie.\n\nSo my attempt is \"Among them was big-bodied Yoshie, frothing and lying flat on\nthe floor\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T02:37:23.163",
"id": "74048",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T09:58:22.997",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-24T09:58:22.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74045",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74045
|
74048
|
74048
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 電車の中などで見る最近の若い者の態度の悪い **こと** 、全く不愉快極まる。\n\nI believe 全く不愉快極まる is the predicate and the rest before the comma is the\nsubject, but I don't understand how the two parts are connected by こと. Could\nyou help me figure it out?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T01:03:04.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74046",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T09:40:14.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "What's the grammatical function of こと in this sentence?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could imagine a similar sentence that has a は or が after the こと. こと is\nserving as the head of the relative clause which comes before it, and is\nbasically a noun, which is why it can serve as the subject (and accordingly\nwhy it can be marked by subject/topic marking particles like が and は).\n\nOne way to analyze your sentence is that the lack of particle is due to one of\nは or が being dropped, since dropping of particles is possible in informal\nJapanese.\n\nHowever, I think it’s best to think of it as a third way to mark subjects:\nwith nothing, or rather, with a pause (which is why there is a comma).\n\nI say this because it has a very slightly different nuance; in particular,\nit’s the most neutral way to put the sentence. Using が makes it feel like\nyou’re either explicitly marking it as new information or trying to focus it,\nwhile は makes it feel like you’re trying to switch the topic to it, which may\nnot be appropriate depending on how the sentence fits into the overall topic\nflow of the larger discourse — for example, a following sentence of これに関して、政府\n**は** (…) works better when your sentence doesn’t have a は in it and the whole\npoint of bringing up the poor behavior thing was to talk about the government\nand its response. That is, the _lack_ of topic in the first sentence prepares\nthe listener for the real topic to come.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T02:05:22.253",
"id": "74047",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T02:13:49.113",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-24T02:13:49.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "74046",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74046
| null |
74047
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74051",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen this expression multiple times either attached to a longer sentence\nor by itself.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 1. A: ねー、もっときれいに書いてください。これなんて書いてあるんですか B:あー、 **なんでしょう** 。。。. 私も読めません.\n>\n> 2. 恵那：(After seeing よつば fiddling with the swingset) なにして **んだろう** 。。。\n>\n>\n\nMy questions are:\n\nWhat does this term mean? Does it have multiple meanings? When is it commonly\nused? How does it differ from similar expressions?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T07:17:36.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74050",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T07:59:23.327",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "36661",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What do ~んでしょう & なんでしょう mean?",
"view_count": 819
}
|
[
{
"body": "The ん in your two examples are different, the first being part 何 while the\nsecond is a contraction of の, but the general meaning of だろう・でしょう is the same\nin both. If だろう or でしょう is paired with a question word or followed immediately\nby か, it's basically a way of asking a somewhat self-directed question, like\n'I wonder ...' (Note that they can also mean that without either of those\nthings sometimes.)\n\nIn your first example A says, 'Hey, you should write a little more neatly.\nWhat does this say?' B replies, 'I wonder ... I can't read it either.' (Okay,\nI meant to write this earlier, but maybe B wasn't the one she was directly\ntalking to? Seems a little weird that B wouldn't know what B themselves wrote,\nbut then again my own handwriting is messy enough that I have trouble reading\nit sometimes. Dyspraxia is annoying)\n\nIn your second Ena says 'I wonder what she's doing ...' (Sequences like るんだ,\nるな sometimes contract to んだ, んな)\n\nI am very tired writing this, so please forgive any messiness or typos.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T07:51:53.003",
"id": "74051",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T07:59:23.327",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-24T07:59:23.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "74050",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74050
|
74051
|
74051
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74053",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 士道はもう何を言っても無駄 **と** つっこみを諦め、はあと息を吐いて問い返した。\n\nHi. Dear teachers.\n\nWhat is the meaning and function of the 「と」 (無駄と) in this sentence?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T09:43:34.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74052",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T10:49:57.683",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-24T10:49:57.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of function of the と (無駄と) in this sentence?",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "You could parse it this way...\n\n> 士道は『もう何を言っても無駄』 **と** つっこみを諦め、...\n\nThe と is a quotative particle. It marks the thought of the subject (= 士道\nhere).\n\n> 士道 gave up つっこみ, thinking 「もう何を言っても無駄」, and...\n\nThese threads might help:\n\n * [Use of quote marker と before unusual verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24583/9831)\n * [Embedded question followed by と](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25361/9831)\n * [Questions about 僕の時計が「7時だよ。おはよう。おきろ」と、起こしてくれるのだが、無意識に止めて、また寝てしまう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/47516/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T09:57:06.737",
"id": "74053",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T09:57:06.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "74052",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
74052
|
74053
|
74053
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74072",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> そこでようやく士道が起きていることに気づいたのだろう。士道のお腹の上に足をのっけていた妹ーー琴里が、中学校の制服を翻しながらこちらに顔を向ける。\n\nHi, dear teachers. Could you please help me with some questions about the\nclause 琴里が、中学校の制服を翻しながらこちらに顔を向ける。? What do you think is the difference between\n中学校の制服を翻しながら and 中学校の制服が翻りながら in this context?\n\nI think 中学校の制服 can be work as a body part and even if the action 翻す is a non-\nvolitional action in this context, we should use を翻す here because the clause\nimplies that the reason why the uniform fluttered is that 琴里 turned her head\n(こちらに顔を向ける). So 制服が翻る would be unnatural here. Am I on the right track? If\nnot, could you share your opinions? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T10:24:43.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74054",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-26T00:48:39.663",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-25T02:17:01.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 中学校の制服を翻しながら and 中学校の制服が翻りながら?",
"view_count": 211
}
|
[
{
"body": "chino alpha,\n\nOf course, if you use 中学校の制服が翻りながら in stead, people can understand the meaning\nbut they will feel something is odd.\n\nYour idea will be one of the reason why 翻しながら is better in this context.\nAnother reason is people prefer to use people as the subject rather than\nobjects in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-25T04:10:40.123",
"id": "74064",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T04:10:40.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36671",
"parent_id": "74054",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Two actions combined with ながら must have the same subject.\n\n> 琴里が、 **中学校の制服を翻しながら** こちらに顔を向ける。\n\ncan be split to:\n\n> main clause: 琴里が、こちらに顔を向ける \n> sub clause: 琴里が、中学の制服を翻す\n\nAs you know, [翻]{ひるがえ}す is transitive, and [翻]{ひるがえ}る is intransitive.\n\n琴里が、 **中学校の制服が翻りながら** こちらに顔を向ける, where the subject of the main clause is 琴里\nand that of the sub-clause is 中学の制服, would be grammatically incorrect.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [「彼は瞳をキラキラさせながら言った。」 Why させながら, and not しながら?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65363/9831)\n * [What's the difference between [V-ながら][V2] and [V-ている]間[V2]?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3036/9831) (See Derek's post: \"The two actions in a ～ながら construction must have the same subject, so you can't use ～ながら to construct a sentence of the form, \"Person #1 did A while Person #2 did B.\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T00:48:39.663",
"id": "74072",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-26T00:48:39.663",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "74054",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74054
|
74072
|
74072
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In English, I always say winter, spring, summer, fall/autumn, in that order.\n\nIs there a similar order that the Japanese people follow?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T10:28:24.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74055",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T03:57:34.123",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-25T01:17:59.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "31300",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "What order do Japanese people say/recite the seasons?",
"view_count": 932
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japan, we say spring, summer, fall, winter. \n[春夏秋冬]{しゅん・か・しゅう・とう}",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T12:11:53.683",
"id": "74056",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T02:12:41.697",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-25T02:12:41.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36666",
"parent_id": "74055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "We say spring, summer, autumn, winter as both school year and fiscal year\nstart in April.\n\nMost of Japanese people have an image of spring being timing of start.\nHundreds of years ago, people called January to March as spring because it was\nthe begining of the year.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-25T03:57:34.123",
"id": "74063",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T03:57:34.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36671",
"parent_id": "74055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
74055
| null |
74056
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am doing the exercises for a course in Japanese, which I cannot attend,\nbecause it overlaps with my mandatory course. The exercise requires to form\nthe past negative masu form of i-adjectives. Instead of\n\n> やすくなかったです\n\nIt requires us to answer\n\n> やすくありませんでした\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/k53dX.jpg)\n\nWhen to use this form? I suspect it is just an even more polite version, but I\nsearched a lot and cannot find any example of usage for this, so I am somewhat\ninsecure!\n\nEdit: When I learned Japanese in the past (from books) the verb-masu form was\nalways introduced together with the adjective-desu/adjective-kunai desu form.\nSo, as regards to this new adjective-ku-arimasen, when should I prefer it? And\nshould I pair it with verb-masu or with something more polite?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T14:46:59.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74057",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T02:29:49.570",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-25T02:29:49.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "When to use -masu forms of -i adjectives as opposed to -kunaidesu?",
"view_count": 596
}
|
[] |
74057
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74059",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 400年以上前の白い壁が残っていて、建物の形が白鷺という白島が羽を広げて休んでいるように見えるので しらさぎしょう (I'm not sue if\n> that's correct spelling) とも呼ばれていま.\n\nIt's from the book TOBIRA. Can anyone help me break this sentence down to\nsmaller, more comprehensible bits?\n\nOk, so as far as my understanding goes it means that:\n\n> There is a white wall that is more than 400 years old and a white building\n> that looks as heron that spreads its wings and rest and that's why it is\n> called \"shirasagishyou\"\n\nIt's about Himeji Castle. \nBUT This sentence is sooo long I'm not sure what kind of grammar is there\nanymore. So many ga particles.\n\n> 建物の形が白鷺という白島が\n\nWhy \"ga\" after \"kata\" then \"toiu\" and then another \"ga\" after this second\n\"ga\"? It's pretty straightforward. Can anyone help?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T16:41:03.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74058",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T01:55:49.783",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-25T01:55:49.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does it mean",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can break this sentence in two:\n\n> Sentence 1: 400年以上前の白い壁が残っています\n>\n> Sentence 2: 建物の形が白鷺という白鳥が羽を広げて休んでいるように見えるので白鷺城【しらさぎじょう】とも呼ばれています。\n\nYou got the first sentence, so I'll skip the explanation for sentence 1.\n\nSo, let's look at the very base part of the sentence 2.\n\nThe base sentence is\n\n> 白鷺城と呼ばれています\n\nok, now, you want to add the reason why it's called \"Shirasagi-jou\". That\nwould be...\n\n> 建物の形が_____のように見えるので、白鷺城と呼ばれています。\n>\n> It's called \"Shirasagi-jou\" because the shape of the building looks like\n> _____.\n\nnow, how does the shape of the building look like? If it looks like a swan,\nyou could say `建物の形が白鳥のように見えるので...`, but that's not exactly what you want to\nsay. The shape doesn't look like ANY SHAPE of swan, it has to be like a swan\nthat is spreading its wings and resting, which is `白鳥が羽を広げて休んでいる`\n\nSo, you now have\n\n> 建物の形が 白鳥が羽を広げて休んでいる ように見えるので、白鷺城と呼ばれています\n\nNow this is still not exactly what you want to say because the shape is not\nANY swan spreading wings and resting. It has to be a certain kind of swan that\nis called Shirasagi, which is `白鷺という白鳥`\n\nYou'll add this information right before the `白鳥` and you get:\n\n> 建物の形が、白鷺という白鳥が羽を広げて休んでいるように見えるので、白鷺城とも呼ばれています",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T17:36:50.160",
"id": "74059",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T17:36:50.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17476",
"parent_id": "74058",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74058
|
74059
|
74059
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74062",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’m looking for a term in Japanese that conveys the same sense of repeated\ndesign with minimal or limited variation that is implied by the English phrase\n“cookie cutter”. My particular interest is in trying to describe software\nproject templates, but this could also refer to the design of houses,\npaintings or other work.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T20:15:22.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74061",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T20:45:50.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29490",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Japanese term for “cookie cutter”",
"view_count": 232
}
|
[
{
"body": "量産型 (“mass-produced”) can be used in a similar fashion. It has the literal\nmeaning when used with something actually mass-produced in a factory, but can\nbe used idiomatically on things that are not mass-produced to insinuate they\nare cookie-cutter, all the same, boring, lack creativity, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T20:45:50.417",
"id": "74062",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T20:45:50.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "74061",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74061
|
74062
|
74062
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74100",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There are two sentences I'm looking to combine together:\n\n> 説明ありがとうございます。\n>\n> 教えていただいてありがとうございます。\n\nThe first follows the [noun] + ありがとう pattern, while the second follows the\n[te-form] + [いただいて] + ありがとう pattern. Would joining them together with と work,\nas in this?\n\n> 説明と教えていただいてありがとうございます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-25T09:33:00.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74065",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T10:08:43.660",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "27005",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Combining verb and noun for ありがとう",
"view_count": 344
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「説明{せつめい} **と** 教{おし}えていただいてありがとうございます。」\n\nis not a valid sentence for at least two reasons.\n\n**Reason #1** :\n\nIt is ungrammatical for connecting, by using a 「と」, a **_noun_** （ご説明） and a\n**_verb_** phrase （教えていただく）. This is just not possible.\n\n**Reason #2** :\n\nThere is too much overlap in meaning between 「説明」 (\"explanation\") and 「教える」\n(\"teaching\") that the sentence sounds awkward even if we ignore the fairly big\ngrammar mistake mentioned above. I feel like saying that if you did one of the\ntwo, you would automatically be doing the other.\n\n(Besides the two reasons above, 「と」 is considerably more informal than many\nJ-learners appear to think. In fact, it is rarely used in formal speech for\nconnecting nouns. We have 「かつ」, 「および」, etc. for that purpose, but again, those\ncannot be used to connect a noun to a verb.)\n\nIn conclusion, I would suggest that you drop one of the two items that you\nconnected with a 「と」 to form grammatical and natural-sounding sentences such\nas:\n\n・「丁寧{ていねい}にご説明いただきありがとうございました。」\n\n・「ご教示{きょうじ}いただきありがとうございました。」\n\n・「ご指導{しどう}いただき感謝申{かんしゃもう}し上{あ}げます。」\n\nI changed the 「いただいて」 to 「いただき」 because the te-form is also more informal than\nmany users seem to think. You might want to read [this\nQ&A](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/70321/removal-\nof-%e3%81%a6-in-japanese-novels/70324#70324) regarding this matter.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T10:08:43.660",
"id": "74100",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T10:08:43.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74065",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
74065
|
74100
|
74100
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "希硫酸, 稀硫酸. My dictionary says they are both “dilute sulfuric acid”. What is the\ndifference in usage here? Is there just one optional radical?\n\nEnglish has “sulfuric” and “sulphuric”, and that’s an American/Commonwealth\nregional difference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-25T13:39:15.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74066",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-24T18:54:27.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-24T18:54:27.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34142",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"spelling",
"homophonic-kanji",
"kanji-choice",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "希硫酸, 稀硫酸? What’s the difference?",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "The matter is in the permitted kanji. The kanji 稀, 'rare,' is the proper\nchoice for the word (cf. Chinese xīliúsuān 稀硫酸 same). It, however, is not\nincluded in the Jōyō list (though it is permitted for names), so, say,\nchemistry school textbooks cannot use it to teach. The need to write words\nwith rare kanji frequently leads to the phenomenon called _kakikae_ , when\ngraphically similar (and preferrably identically read) characters are\nsubstituted instead. 希, however, _is_ Jōyō (and even 4th grade), so using it\nas a replacement seems a valid idea, though its meaning is 'hope,' and so it\nis a worse choice. Similar case is replacing 綺麗 by 奇麗 to avoid the usage of\nnon-Jōyō 綺, though, strictly saying, 綺麗 just means 'beatiful,' while 奇麗 should\nmean 'astoundingly, rare-to-find beatiful.'\n\nNote. Strictly saying, 希 as a replacement for 稀 is neither recent nor\nJapanese-only; it is amply known from Chinese, and the second round of\nsimplifications in the 1970s even tried to abolish 稀 altogether, replaced by\n希.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-25T14:06:34.693",
"id": "74067",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T14:06:34.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "74066",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74066
| null |
74067
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **後はちょっと弱みを握られてる感じも演出しておいたかな。**\n\nI read the meaning of **演出** are: 1. **production** (e.g. play); **direction**\n; 2. **Staging** (theatre)\n\nIs it correct to interpret **感じも演出** as **being led by emotion**?\n\nThank you in advance for the guidance.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-25T16:02:53.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74069",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-26T05:38:21.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "感じも演出しておいた meaning",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "感じ doesn't mean \"emotion\" but \"impression\". So 弱みを握られてる感じ means \" impressions\nthat someone has something on (the person)\"\n\n弱みを握られてる感じを演出する means \"I direct impressions that someone has something on (the\nperson)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T05:22:26.743",
"id": "74073",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-26T05:38:21.023",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-26T05:38:21.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "74069",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74069
| null |
74073
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have the following sentence from my hero academia anime.\n\n```\n\n つくづく あの入試は 合理性に欠くよ｡\n \n```\n\nThe english subtitles for the show have this as the translation \"That entrance\nexam was definitely not rational enough.\"\n\nI'm confused at how に is working here. I know that に can be used for nouns\nthat take the copula (na adjectives) to turn them into an adverb but 合理性 isn't\none of these na adjectives. I would think を or は would make more sense here.\nIs に perhaps acting as a substitute for は here?\n\nI've ruled out this acting as an indirect object marker and a direction\nmarker. From there, I'm pretty clueless as to what it's exact function is\nhere. Can anybody help me out here?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-25T20:01:51.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74070",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T20:01:51.907",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "How is に used in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[] |
74070
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n> アカネは菜食主義者だと言っているが、魚は食べる。 \n> それって、筋が通るかな？\n\n 1. Why it uses the てform of the verb 言う and not its ますform?\n\n 2. If I wanted to say the same sentence but in the past tense should I use と言っていた or と言いました, と言った?\n\n 3. What does それって mean? Is it similar to それ？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T00:35:48.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74071",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-09T03:23:04.857",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-09T03:23:04.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Why use と言っている instead of と言います？",
"view_count": 1328
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「アカネは菜食主義者{さいしょくしゅぎしゃ}だと言{い}っているが、魚{さかな}は食{た}べる。 それって、筋{すじ}が通{とお}るかな？」\n>\n> 1-Why it is used the てform of the verb 言う and not it's ますform?\n\nBecause Akane has been saying it multiple times (in the past). 「言っている」, in\nthis sentence, **does not** mean that she is saying it right now as in the\npresent progressive.\n\n「菜食主義者」 = \"vegetarian\"\n\nThe writer/speaker could have used 「言っています」 instead to be on the polite side,\nbut s/he could **not** have used 「言います」.\n\n「言っている」, as in this case, is often used to refer to the fact that **someone\nkeeps saying the same thing as a rather strong personal opinion, belief,\nassertion, etc**. This nuance could _**not**_ be expressed by a simple 「言う」 or\n「言います」.\n\n> 2-if I wanted to say the same sentence but in the past tense should I use\n> と言っていた or と言いました、と言った?\n\nIn order to maintain the same nuance discussed above, you would need to use\n「言っていました」 or 「言っていた」. You cannot use a simple 「言いました」 or 「言った」 to create the\nsame important nuance.\n\n> 3-what does それって means? Is it similar to それ？\n\nThis has been answered by @user3856370 in the comments above. 「って」 is a very\ncommon informal topic-introducing particle which means practically the same\nthing as 「は」.\n\n\"Very common\" is probably an understatement. You could not speak Japanese\ninformally for one minute without using this 「って」 at least once.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-09T03:08:51.937",
"id": "74335",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-09T03:08:51.937",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74071",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74071
| null |
74335
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> じゃあ③が正解 **だってのか** よッ！\n\nI know the bold part is jut a shortened version of だというのか. But what is the\nmeaning and function of だというのか? Is it just used to form an exclamation and it\nmeans nothing?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T05:53:48.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74074",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-19T21:05:50.683",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-25T18:49:05.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "What is the meaning and function of だというのか?",
"view_count": 656
}
|
[
{
"body": "「The link posted gives us that だというのか mean\n\n> 「～～というのだ」、「～～というの」、「～～というのか」, etc. added at the end of a question generally\n> functions to emphasize the question itself.\n>\n> By adding one of those phrases, you are expressing the fact that you really\n> want to know the answer because whatever happened that caused you to ask the\n> question perplexes, surprises, shocks you, etc.\n\nSo I would translate as :\n\n> Is it really true ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T17:50:25.247",
"id": "83300",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T17:50:25.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37097",
"parent_id": "74074",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
74074
| null |
83300
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My textbooks says the 30th is さんじゅうにち but can also be called みそか .\n\nIs みそか often used ?\n\nWhich one do Japanese people use most ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T10:29:47.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74075",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-26T18:12:56.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Which term is better to use ? さんじゅうにち or みそか?",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "I rarely hear みそか around me except 大晦日{おおみそか}, which is 31 December, though\naged Japanese may use it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T18:12:56.740",
"id": "74077",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-26T18:12:56.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "74075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74075
| null |
74077
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74097",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "と、士道がそんなことを思っていると、令音がおもむろに手を背中にやってパチン、という **音をさせ**\nたのち、手を服の中に入れて何やらもぞもぞと蠢き、首元からブラジャーを抜き取った。\n\nHi. Could you please explain the difference between 音をさせる and 音がする and\n音を出す/立てる? All of them seem to mean the same. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T14:06:52.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74076",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T04:41:30.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"idioms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 音をさせる and 音がする and 音を出す/立てる?",
"view_count": 335
}
|
[
{
"body": "する in 音がする is intransitive, and it refers to some \"environmental\" sound you\nhear. This kind of する is explained in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12923/5010). The other three\nare transitive. Here the subject of the sentence is 令音, and he is the one who\nmade this sound, so 音がする cannot be used.\n\n音をさせる, 音を立てる and 音を出す are very similar, but 音をさせる and 音を立てる are usually used\nwith unintentional (and often undesirable) kind of noise made when you are\ndoing something (e.g., 大きな音を立ててドアを開く). 音を出す is usually used when the sound\nitself is the main purpose (e.g. トランペットの音を出す練習をする).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T04:41:30.577",
"id": "74097",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T04:41:30.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74076",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74076
|
74097
|
74097
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been trying to find the Japanese word for upfront for a while now. And\nabout two to three days ago, I got my answer. However, every time I try to\ntranslate it in a sentence, it says \"docile\" or \"obedient.\" How do I use it\nfor the aforementioned word?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-26T23:19:54.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74078",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-20T00:07:20.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "How do I use the Japanese word 素直(Sunao) for upfront?",
"view_count": 496
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I've been trying to find the Japanese word for upfront for a while now.\n\n\"Sunao\" doesn't really correspond closely to \"upfront\", maybe try something\nlike 率直【そっちょく】 for that.\n\n> However, every time I try to translate it in a sentence, it says \"docile\" or\n> \"obedient.\" How do I use it for the aforementioned word?\n\nIt sounds as if you're plugging things into Google translate and trying to get\nit to come up with something where sunao comes out approximately like that. If\nso, how about\n\n>\n> [素直に答えてください。](https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=auto&tl=en&text=%E7%B4%A0%E7%9B%B4%E3%81%AB%E7%AD%94%E3%81%88%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%95%E3%81%84)\n\nThis is a common phrase which means something like \"stop beating about the\nbush\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-28T05:42:17.533",
"id": "74668",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-28T05:42:17.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "74078",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "[**When I took synonyms for\nupfront,**](https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/up%20front) (though \"in advance\"\nsounds a little different to me),\n\n> direct, open, frank, forthright, (etc)\n\ncame up.\n\nSo I think your \"translation\" into 率直｛そっちょく｝にaka素直｛すなお｝にseem to sound to fit\nwith it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-28T21:44:07.510",
"id": "74685",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-28T21:44:07.510",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
74078
| null |
74668
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74081",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would appreciate some help in solving this riddle.\n\nThere is a sign that says \"どくぞごじゆうにおとりくだちい\" in front of candy samples at the\ncandy shop. It means \"Please feel free to take (one).\" However, you saw one\npasser-by taking as many as fifty-two of them. Why do you think that this\nperson did so?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T05:22:50.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74080",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-27T06:19:02.637",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-27T05:57:15.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "36687",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"ambiguity",
"puns"
],
"title": "Riddle question",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": "Assuming the beginning is 「どうぞ」 and not 「どくぞ」, then it is quite simple.\n\nThe sign says **ごじゆうに** おとりください. The store owner's _intended_ meaning is\nご[自由]{じ・ゆう}に, which means \"freely\" or \"feel free to\". However, if the sign was\nwritten only in hiragana, the person might have mistook it for ごじ **ゅ** うに\n(notice the small-sized ゅ instead of the larger ゆ). In this case, as we know,\nごじゅうに means \"52\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T06:19:02.637",
"id": "74081",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-27T06:19:02.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "74080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
74080
|
74081
|
74081
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "So I'm looking to make up some sort of J-dorama and am looking for a proper\ntitle. The story is irrelevant, just that the title is supposed to mean that\n'we are like flowers', as in 'similar to', but not 'look like' or 'equivalent\nto'.\n\nGoogle Translate offers the phrase in the title. It also offers 均しい but I\nthink it's too... rigid? Exact? I'm looking for something more metaphorical.\n\n * Does using よう make it sound more metaphorical than 均しい?\n * Does the current phrase in the title acceptable sound like a proper dorama title?\n * I'm thinking of removing the です, would that work better as a dorama title?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T07:18:17.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74082",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T04:04:04.010",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T04:04:04.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "7277",
"owner_user_id": "7277",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"metaphor"
],
"title": "I'd like to say \"We are as flowers\" as in 'similar to' for a dorama title. Is 私たちは花のようです acceptable?",
"view_count": 170
}
|
[] |
74082
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The English Wikipedia page for Kyūjitai kanji begins with the following line:\n\n> Kyūjitai (舊字體/旧字体, literally \"old character forms\") are the traditional\n> forms of kanji, Chinese written characters used in Japanese. Their\n> simplified counterparts are shinjitai (新字体), \"new character forms\".\n\nHowever, comparing some Jōyō kanji to Hyōgai kanji, some characters with the\nsame component are written slightly differently, where the Hyōgai kanji will\nmatch the standard Korean form (and the Kangxi dictionary form). An example\nfor some characters from the phonetic series 「翟」 is given below:\n\n> Jōyō kanji: 曜 濯 躍\n>\n> Hyōgai kanji: 翟 戳 趯\n\nNotice that for Jōyō kanji, 「翟」 looks like ⿱⿰ヨヨ隹, rather than how it is\nnormally displayed as a standalone character. Some other examples include\ncharacters with the components 「兌」/「兑」, 「{{ko:包}}」/「包」, etc.\n\n* * *\n\nOn the [Japanese Wiktionary page](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9B%9C),\n「{{ko:曜}}」 is listed as the Kyūjitai form of 「曜」, but on the 常用漢字表, 曜 is not\nconsidered to be simplified from anything (i.e. there is no character in\nbrackets listed next to 「曜」. This can also seen in the list of Shinjitai kanji\nwith their Kyūjitai counterparts in the [Wikipedia page for Kyūjitai\nkanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai)). Are changes like these\nconsidered to be a Kyūjitai/Shinjitai difference, or are they classified as\nsomething else?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T18:27:49.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74086",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-15T15:25:30.130",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "36692",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "What constitutes as Kyūjitai Kanji?",
"view_count": 624
}
|
[
{
"body": "The official answer is: the 旧字体 kanji are those that were officially matched\nto the corresponding simplified forms.\n\n 1. The official [List of Jōyō Kanji by Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs](https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf) has them in parentheses after the main entries.\n 2. The official [List of Jinmeiyō Kanji by Japanese Ministry of Justice](http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001131003.pdf) contains two kinds of 旧字体: in the list itself (these are shown as pairs of kanji connected with a vertical line, old form below), as well as the 旧字体 forms for the Jōyō kanji, given separately on pages 4-5 with the simplified correspondences in parentheses (of course, these are the same as in the previous list).\n\nStill, there are some more matches, defined in various standards. I believe,\nthere are 184 more pairs. You can investigate on your own: download the\nmightly map of correspondences established by the industrial standard Adobe-\nJapan1 at <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-type-tools/Adobe-\nJapan1/master/aj17-kanji.txt> . The \"Official Traditional Forms (CID of\nstandard form given)\" column will give you the pairings required.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-03-15T15:25:30.130",
"id": "75030",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-15T15:25:30.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "74086",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
74086
| null |
75030
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74089",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's translated as \"I didn't think it was so steep\". It looks to me that と\nhere is used a a nominalizer, but I didn't find any dictionary to confirm\nthis. Also, can it be replaced by other nominalizer, like の, 事 or 物?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T19:25:33.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74087",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-27T20:48:59.253",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-27T20:48:59.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "11857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と in 急だとは思わなかった",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "The と here is sometimes called a \"quotative\" particle, as if it marks the end\nof a statement, which the rest of the sentence describes: 「急だ」 **と**\n[は]思わなかった。 The は here is used a bit like emphasis, and isn't strictly\nnecessary from a grammatical perspective.\n\nAnother way of looking at it is like the \"that\" coordinating conjunction in\nEnglish: _\"I didn't think **that** it was so steep.\"_ While this coordinating\n\"that\" is often omissible in English, this と is not omissible in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T20:48:40.293",
"id": "74089",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-27T20:48:40.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "74087",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74087
|
74089
|
74089
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74103",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **上手く立ち回って、退学にならないようにしてね。**\n\n**ようにする** : 1. (following a verb) **to be sure to** ; 2. **to do** (\n**something** ) **so that** ; 3. **to make sure to** ; 4. **to try to**.\n(according to **nihongomaster.com** )\n\nI was just wondering is it proper to apply **ようにする** on 2 verbs?\n\nIf it was based on the above sentence, the translation will be like:\n\n**\"Well, make sure to deal with it properly, and try not to drop out of\nschool\"**\n\nIt sounds much better and clearer.\n\nThank you in advance for your guidance.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T20:12:32.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74088",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T21:40:15.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35087",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "ようにして usage in a sentence",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "`退学にならないようにしてね` means \"Please make sure you aren't **kicked out** of school\"\n(`退学になる` excludes voluntary dropping out). `上手く立ち回って` here means \"maneuvering\nright / playing your cards right\" precedes this avoidance of being kicked out\n(it implies this would be the cause of not being kicked out).\n\nSo, taken together it means:\n\n> Play your cards right and avoid getting kicked out of school",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T21:40:15.503",
"id": "74103",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T21:40:15.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "74088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74088
|
74103
|
74103
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74096",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been trying my hand at translating a small game on my own (Touhou 6) and\nstumbled upon a line I can't quite wrap my head around, so I figured I'd ask\nfor some opinions. I'll just go ahead and post the important part of the\ndialogue the line appears in:\n\n> 咲夜「ちなみに、ケーキには希少品が入っています」 \n> 魔理沙「何入れたんだよ(^^;)」 \n> 咲夜「竹の花とか」\n\nAfterwards it goes on:\n\n> レミリア「今日のおやつは何？」 \n> 咲夜「希少品です」 \n> レミリア「わーい、大好物ね」 \n> 魔理沙「 **あんまり、滅多なもの好物になるなよ** （汗）」\n\nIn case anybody wants the full script, you can view it\n[here](https://pt.touhouwiki.net/wiki/Embodiment_of_Scarlet_Devil:_Finais).\n\nObviously the bolded part is what I'm struggling with. First off, I assume\nthat 「滅多なもの」in this case is supposed to mean 'rare (food)stuff'; a dictionary\ngives me following definition for the word 「滅多」:\n\n> １ 思慮の浅いさま。軽率であるさま。「滅多なことを言って怒らせてはまずい」 \n> ２ ごく当たり前であるさま。並大抵。「滅多なことでは驚かない」 \n> ３ 度を越しているさま。むやみ。 \n> 「―に高価なる洋服を被り」〈逍遥・当世書生気質〉 \n> ４ （多く「めったに」の形で、あとに打消しの語を伴って）まれにしかしないさま。まれにしか起こらないさま。「滅多に外出しない」「滅多に姿を見せない」\n\nI assume that this is just some peculiar way of expressing the idea of 'rare'\n(piggybacking of the 「滅多に～ない」idea) deliberately chosen by the developer? None\nof the other definitions seem to fit in this contexst but I'm not sure.\n\nThen there's the question regarding「好物になるなよ」. I assume the「なよ」here is used as\na negative imperative, though I can't say I've ever seen it in conjunction\nwith「好物」. Considering that there's also an「あんまり」at the beginning of the\nsentence, I guess the whole thing is (literally) meant to mean something like\n\"don't let rare stuff become your favorite food\", though personally I'd go\nwith something like \"don't get used to this sort of food\".\n\nBut I could also be way off the mark and maybe I'm just parsing it wrong? The\nseries as a whole seems to have quite a few of these uniquely worded one-\nliners, so maybe it's just me not being used to this sorts of expressions.\n\nIn any case, as always any help is welcome!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-27T23:14:53.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74090",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T04:17:31.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-27T23:20:29.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "35224",
"owner_user_id": "35224",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "あんまり、滅多なもの好物になるなよ",
"view_count": 173
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your parsing is correct. ～が好物になる means \"to come to like ～\", and な is for\nnegative imperative. So \"Don't get used to this sort of food\" is basically\nfine, but it lacks the meaning of 滅多な. Here I feel 滅多なもの has a mixed nuance of\n度を越している and 軽率であるさま. So it's perhaps better to translate it like \"Don't get\nused to this sort of _odd_ food _lightly_ \".\n\nI took a look at examples of 滅多なもの on the net and found it has two different\n(or maybe contradictory) meanings depending on the context. In your case, it's\nthe latter, but the former is more common.\n\n 1. mediocre, ordinary, commonplace \n\n> * どこの魚市場でも同様であるが、お客さんのほとんどが魚関係のプロなので滅多なものは出せない\n> * ここは神域だから滅多なものは近づかないと思う\n> * こんな曲が地上波でかかることは滅多なものではない\n> * プロたちの中にも着ている人がいるし、滅多なものではないんだろうな\n\n 2. (strange, odd, uncommon) + (lightly, casually, without thinking) \n\n> * 滅多なものを身体に入れるのが怖い\n> * (to an alchemist) 身内だからって滅多なもの作らないでくださいね",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T04:17:31.067",
"id": "74096",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T04:17:31.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74090",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74090
|
74096
|
74096
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching a \"Chibi Maruko Chan\" episode about Maruko wanting to pet a\nfluffy dog. In the subtitles, I saw「ずっと触ってたくなるよね」. So I understand that ずっと\nmeans \"continuously,\" and that さわって is the te-form of 触る. What I don't\nunderstand is what たくなるよね means. At first, I thought that たくなる was たい (En:\nwant) conjugated to たく when なる (En: become) is attached. However, たい is\ntypically attached to the masu-stem of the verb, not the te-form. This is\nwhere the confusion arises.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T00:05:53.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74091",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-17T18:38:56.777",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-17T18:38:56.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "35919",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"contractions"
],
"title": "「ずっと触ってたくなるよね」: te form + たくなる",
"view_count": 1050
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you guessed in your comment, ～てたくなる is a form of ～ていたくなる. (I wouldn't call\nit an error, though. This is a very common colloquial pronunciation.) It is\nnot a shortened form of したくなる, because したくなる cannot even fit in these\nsentences to begin with.\n\n～ていたくなる is form of ～ていたい, which is itself a form of ～ている. As ～ていたい means 'want\nto ～ている', ～ていたくなる means 'become wanting to ～ている'. With your example,\nずっと触っていたくなる would mean '[If I pet it], I'd want to be petting it for ever'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T01:39:16.027",
"id": "74093",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T02:20:26.630",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-28T02:20:26.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "74091",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
74091
| null |
74093
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74095",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Okay, so I fixed my first problem. Now, I have to find the proper form of \"in\nthe beginning.\" Should it be はじめに、すなおだった (hajime ni, sunaodatta,) or\nはじめは、すなおだった (hajime wa, sunaodatta?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T02:15:38.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74094",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T03:54:35.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"transcription"
],
"title": "What is the proper form of \"In the beginning\" for this sentence?",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "In your sentence はじめは (\"at first\", \"in the beginning\") is correct. This は is\ncontrastive, and can be used with another subject marked with は (e.g.,\nはじめは彼は素直だった). はじめに means \"first (of all)\", \"at the beginning (of a month,\netc)\", \"Introduction/Preface (chapter title)\" and so on.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T03:54:35.910",
"id": "74095",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T03:54:35.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74094
|
74095
|
74095
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74099",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When reading up on Oda Nobunaga, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi I\noften see them referred to as the \"great unifiers\" but I can't find what (if\nanything) Japanese people call them?\n\nIs there an equivalent to \"the three unifiers of Japan\" in Japanese, or are\nthey just Oda \"kill the bird\" Nobunaga, Tokugawa \"convince it\" Ieyasu, and\nToyotomi \"wait\" Hideyoshi, with no fancy collective title?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T06:45:53.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74098",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T07:09:30.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"history",
"culture",
"terminology"
],
"title": "Do Oda Nobunaga, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi have a collective title in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1998
}
|
[
{
"body": "We call them 「三英傑{さんえいけつ}」 at least around Nagoya where all of the three are\nfrom.\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%B1%E5%82%91>\n\nOutside of Central Japan, however, you might actually end up having to name\nthe three when talking to people who are not too well-read on Japanese\nhistory.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T07:09:30.447",
"id": "74099",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T07:09:30.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74098",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
] |
74098
|
74099
|
74099
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In Japanese 形容動詞 can be used as part of a noun phrase in the past tense\n(contrary to adjectives in English), e.g:\n\n> 「綺麗だった花」 → \"the beautifulpast flower\" → \"the flower that was beautiful\"\n\nWe can combine the noun phrase with a verb phrase, with every combination of\npast and present tense for either of the verb and the 形容動詞:\n\n> 1. 綺麗な花を買う。 \n>\n> 2. 綺麗な花を買った。 \n>\n> 3. 綺麗だった花を買う。 \n>\n> 4. 綺麗だった花を買った。\n>\n\nI can see the following interpretation of the last three sentences:\n\n 2. This can have two interpretations: \n\n * The flower was beautiful at the time of buying, and may or may not be beautiful at the time of speaking.\n * The flower is beautiful at the time of speaking, and it may or may not have been beautiful at the time of buying.\n 3. This can have two interpretations:\n\n * The flower has been beautiful in the past, but no longer is at the time of speaking.\n * The flower was beautiful in the past, and may still be beautiful at the time of speaking.\n 4. This can have three interpretations:\n\n * The flower was beautiful at a time before buying, but no longer was at the time of buying, which is before the time of speaking. So to say: _\"I bought the flower that **had been** beautiful once.\"_\n * The flower was beautiful at the time of buying, but no longer is at the time of speaking. \n * The flower was beautiful at a time before buying, and may or may not be at the time of buying, and may or may not be at the time of speaking.\n\n**Question 1** : Are these interpretations grammatical? Am I missing\ninterpretations?\n\n**Question 2** : Are these interpretations natural (i.e. would a fluent\nspeaker interpret them this way)?\n\n**Question 3** : Do 形容詞 work in an equivalent manner? (e.g. 美しかった花を買う, etc.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T16:51:28.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74101",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-28T16:51:28.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Interpreting the past tense of 形容動詞 / 形容詞 / adjectives",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[] |
74101
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74121",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the term “漫画研究会” in one short story, and I have been trying to\nfigure out a good way to translate it.\n\n“漫画” (manga) is not too difficult to translate. I simply translate it as\n“comic books”. Why? Because the short story takes place in a Japanese high\nschool and it means “comics” in the Japanese language. Not to mention that\n“comic books” is often implied in the term.\n\n“研究会” (kenkyuukai) is a term that is challenging to translate. Why? Well, here\nis the [Japanese Wikipedia article on\n研究会](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%BC%9A). The article\nmay be missing sources, but it shows the various ways you can use the term.\n\n 1. Learned societies (also called learned academies, scholarly societies or academic associations)\n 2. Meetings of intellectuals that have been set up by administrative organs.\n 3. Groups of professional Game of Generals (Shougi) players.\n 4. Specialized training colleges (also called vocational schools, technical schools, professional schools, special schools, trade schools and so on).\n 5. The names of Public Interest Incorporated Associations and Public Interest Incorporated Foundations.\n 6. Policy organizations and political groups (6 people or more).\n 7. The names of parliamentary associations, groups (2-5 people) and factions in political parties.\n 8. Groups that engage in club activities (also called extracurricular activities or circle activities).\n\nAccording to Weblio, 研究会 has the following translations: “workshop”, “society\nfor the study of X”, “research society”, “study class”, “study group”,\n“seminar”, “scientific meeting”, “research meeting” and so on.\n\nThe short story that I mentioned at the beginning takes place in a high\nschool. I think that “research meeting”, “scientific meeting”, “seminar” and\n“workshop” are not the right terms in this context, because those terms make\nmore sense in a university as opposed to a high school. The terms “society for\nthe study of X” and “research society” sound like groups that would have adult\nmembers, not high school students. The term “study class” makes it sound like\nit teaches about a subject for a period of time before giving an examination\nat the end of it. I think “study group” might fit the bill.\n\nMoreover, in the story, it talks about the Culture Clubs and the Sports Clubs.\nApparently, the 漫画研究会 is considered one of the Culture Clubs.\n\nI think 漫画研究会 is translated as “The Comic Book Study Group” or “The Comic Book\nClub”.\n\nAm I on the right track with this? I would greatly appreciate your feedback on\nthis matter.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T20:09:03.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74102",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T06:15:06.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is a good way to translate 漫画研究会?",
"view_count": 185
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're on the right track. 研究会 is commonly used as the name of a culture (文化系)\nclub at high school, and no one thinks 漫画研究会 (or 漫研 for short) refers to a\nserious academic society. Usually \"Comic Book Club\" should be enough.\n\nHowever, there's one catch; depending on the school, the name 研究会 (or 同好会,\n愛好会, etc) may be used to refer to a smaller group which is not large enough to\nqualify as a \"proper 部\" with a financial support from the school. For example,\nplease read chiebukuro questions like\n[this](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1278330402)\nand\n[this](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1231494032).\nYou said this 漫画研究会 is one of the (proper) culture clubs, so this distinction\nmay not be important in your story. If the difference is important, perhaps\n\"circle\" is a good candidate as the translation of 研究会 (see\n[this](https://univinjapan.com/bukatsu/part01.html) for example).\n\n> 僕の学校では \n> **研究会** ⇒同好会⇒部活動 と昇格する形です \n> 研究会は出来たばかりの団体です。 \n> 実際の違いは部費が出るかどうかです。 \n> (typo corrected by me)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T08:51:54.283",
"id": "74121",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T10:01:42.177",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T10:01:42.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "Actually you're right From my understanding 漫画 refers to \"manga\", 研究 refers to\n\"laboratory\", the prefix \"会\" means \"gathering\" or \"meeting\" (of a group with\nvery few members, not big enough to be called \"Club\") but when used after 研究\nyou could literary translate it as \"Manga laboratory group\" or \"gathering of\nManga appreciation\" Japanese schools use \"部\" as suffix to refer to an activity\nclub i.e. 古典部 (\"Kotenbu\" , classic literature club).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T11:16:16.483",
"id": "74123",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T06:15:06.367",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-03T06:15:06.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "36650",
"owner_user_id": "36650",
"parent_id": "74102",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74102
|
74121
|
74121
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74133",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the phrase \"誰か行きたい人\" in this\n[thread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23860/can-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84-and-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B-be-\nused-for-a-1st-2nd-3rd-persons-desire?noredirect=1&lq=1) and I think it would\nbe used in a context like \"誰か行きたい人がいるか？\".\n\nHowever I am kind of confused by how it works grammatically. Is 誰か行きたい a\nrelative clause modifying 人, while it is at the same time implied that this 誰か\nand 人 are the same entity?\n\nIs it similar in this way to a sentence like 太郎はメアリがリンゴをむいたそのリンゴを食べた。?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T23:13:52.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74104",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T07:51:35.180",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T17:38:37.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "31133",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Is 誰か行きたい人 a form of double-headed relative clause?",
"view_count": 309
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'd say it's not a double-headed relative clause, because it's actually\n\n> 誰か[[[行きたい]人]いる]？\n\nThat is to say, 誰か is modifying the full predicate of 「行きたい人いる？」.\n\nYou can scramble to 「行きたい人誰かいる？」, which supports that 誰か is not in the\nrelative clause.\n\n* * *\n\nHowever, even with this analysis, it is a somewhat confusing grammatical\nstructure, since 行きたい人 and 誰か could both be seen to be semantically pointing\nto the same entity. This raises the question, are they both grammatical\nsubjects?\n\nI think it _might_ be possible to see this as a \"double-subject construction\"\n(which is a poor name IMO, despite being used in the linguistic literature),\nwhere you can analyze the sentence as having a [clausal\npredicate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/9796/3097):\n\n> ? 行きたい人は[誰かがいる]？\n\nNote that it's odd to really use particles in a question sentence (it's more\nnatural to use the [zero\nparticle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/54643/%e3%81%8c-vs-%e3%82%92-and-\nthe-absence-of-a-subject-particle/54661#54661)), but I think it is borderline\npossible here as a linguistic exercise, and supports the double-subject\nconstruction analysis...\n\nThe following declarative sentence seems to work slightly better:\n\n> 行きたい人は誰かがいるはず。\n\nBut even then it’s awkward.\n\nThe original word order is even less open to particle insertion IMO, though:\n\n> ?? 誰かが行きたい人いる？ \n> ? 誰かが行きたい人はいるはず。\n\nDue to the unnaturality of the above sentences, I think **it's best to\nunderstand 誰か as an 'adverb' or 'modifier' in these sentences** as opposed to\na grammatical subject, even though it can serve as a grammatical subject in\nother cases (like 「誰かがいる。」 or 「誰かいる？」).\n\nSupporting evidence for the adverb analysis can be found by drawing a parallel\n何か, like 「何か質問ありますか？」 or 「何か質問あったら(…)」, where 何か is even more opposed to being\nmarked by が.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T18:39:52.327",
"id": "74133",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T16:33:04.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T16:33:04.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "74104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "I think that here 誰か doesn’t mean who but somebody. Moreover , it has an\nadjectival function.\n\nIf you regard 誰か as an adjective i.e. translate it as “any” instead of\n“anybody”, then the structure becomes obvious.\n\n“ Is there (いるか) any (誰か) person who wants to go (行きたい人)？ “",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T07:51:35.180",
"id": "74164",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T07:51:35.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36722",
"parent_id": "74104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
74104
|
74133
|
74133
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the same way that \"Nihon\" (日本) means \"origin of the sun\" how would you say\n\"origin of the moon\" in the same way?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-28T23:49:29.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74105",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T03:58:01.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36708",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How would you say \"origin of the moon\"",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "「月{つき}の起源{きげん}」 would be just about the only term used in the real Japanese-\nspeaking world that means \"the origin of the moon\".\n\nIf you used 「月（の）本」, regardless of how it is read, you would need to explain\nwhat you intended to mean by that. It sounds highly fictional/creative (or\nplain nonsensical) without an explanation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T03:58:01.360",
"id": "74115",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T03:58:01.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74105",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74105
| null |
74115
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74109",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence\n\n> 質問のある **方** はどうぞ\n\nwhat is the meaning of 方?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T00:12:15.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74106",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-19T16:26:37.870",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-19T16:26:37.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 方 in 「質問のある方はどうぞ」",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「質問{しつもん}のある方{かた}はどうぞ。」\n\n「方{かた}」 in this context is the honorific/respectful form of 「人{ひと}」\n(\"person(s)\"). The meaning is the same for both.\n\n> \"Those who have questions, please (ask)!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T02:29:14.913",
"id": "74109",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T02:29:14.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74106",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
74106
|
74109
|
74109
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74114",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the purpose of ため in 彼は仕事のために彼の車を運転します. I translate it as \"As a result\nof his job, he drives his car.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T01:27:48.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74107",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T03:50:22.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of ため in sentence",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「[Noun] + の + ために + [Verb]」\n>\n> 「[Verb 1] + ために + [Verb 2]」\n\nIn these sentence patterns, 「ため」 expresses the reason, cause or purpose.\n\nThus, the sentence:\n\n> 「彼{かれ}は仕事{しごと}のために彼の車{くるま}を運転{うんてん}します。」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"He drives his car _**for**_ his job/work.\"\n\nFYI: That Japanese sentence is not 100% natural-sounding if I may tell the\ntruth. We (= native speakers) would generally not use the same pronoun twice\nin a short sentence like that. The 「彼の車」 part is what I am referring to. We\nwould just use 「車」 or 「自分{じぶん}の車」 instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T03:50:22.343",
"id": "74114",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T03:50:22.343",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74107",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
74107
|
74114
|
74114
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74111",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "マイク は たくさん の 友好的 な 人たち と 会う こと が できます 。\n\nマイク は このよう な（この様な） お客様 と 話し を する 時 幸せ に 感じます 。\n\nIn the above passage, I translate このよう な（この様な） お客様 と 話し を する as \"this way of\ntalking with customers.\" But \"this way\" is never explained. All the first\nsentence says is that Mike is able to meet a lot of nice people, it does not\ntalk about the way he talks with customers.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T01:34:03.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74108",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T02:46:16.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The purpose of このよう な",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「マイク は たくさん の 友好的{ゆうこうてき} な 人たち と 会{あ}う こと が できます 。マイク は **このよう な** （この様な）\n> お客様{きゃくさま} と 話{はな}し を する 時{とき} 幸{しあわ}せ に 感{かん}じます 。」\n\n「このよう **な** 」 functions **adjectivally** to modify a noun.\n\n「このよう **に** 」 functions **adverbially** to modify a verb or adjective.\n\nTherefore, 「このよう **な** お客様」 means \" ** _this type of customers_** \". What type\nis that? It is the 「友好的なお客様」 (\"the friendly customers\") as stated in the first\nsentence. Are you following this?\n\nSo, \"this way of talking with customers\" is not being talked about here.\n\n> \"Mike can meet many friendly customers. Mike feels happy when speaking to\n> this type of customers.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T02:46:16.860",
"id": "74111",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T02:46:16.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74108",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74108
|
74111
|
74111
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74112",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence from a text of a N2 book\n\n自己と他者に対する信頼感を、かつての遊びは育てる機能を担っていた。\n\nI have been reading it and breaking apart the sentence several times. I think\nthat, since 「かつての遊び」is the subject, it is doing both actions. But I still\ndon't understand why the first half has the verb omitted.\n\nCan someone explain me how this part 「自己と他者に対する信頼感を」is connected to the other\npart 「かつての遊びは育てる機能を担っていた。」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T02:35:06.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74110",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T08:15:45.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34934",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can someone explain me how this part of the sentence is connected to the other part?",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[
{
"body": "Strictly speaking, かつての遊び has only one corresponding verb, 担っていた.\n\n> かつての遊びは機能を担っていた。 \n> Playing in the past used to take on the function.\n\nAnd everything else is a relative clause that modifies 機能.\n\n> 自己と他者に対する信頼感を育てる機能 \n> the function of growing confidence in self and others\n\nThe tricky part is the word order. The relative clause is split into two and\nthe topic of the main clause (かつての遊び **は** ) is suddenly inserted between\nthem. Still, since は is not usually used in a relative clause, this sentence\nis not really confusing to me. Usually this sentence is written like the\nfollowing, which I think is much easier to understand:\n\n> * かつての遊びは、自己と他者に対する信頼感を育てる機能を担っていた。\n> * 自己と他者に対する信頼感を育てる機能を、かつての遊びは担っていた。\n>\n\n* * *\n\nHere's another example of tricky word order:\n\n> 彼女のことが、彼は嫌いだと言ったのです。 \n> = 彼は彼女のことが嫌いだと言ったのです。 \n> = 彼女のことが嫌いだと彼は言ったのです。 \n> He said he hates her.\n\nIn the first sentence, the topic (彼は) is mentioned in the middle of the quote,\nand this is still a valid Japanese sentence, though uncommon. The three\nversions mean the same thing, but the first one looks a little more impressive\nto me because of its unusual word order.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T02:55:20.603",
"id": "74112",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T08:15:45.107",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T08:15:45.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74110",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74110
|
74112
|
74112
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74120",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I sent him the letter - 彼に手紙を送ってあげた\n\nHe was the one who sent me the letter - 手紙を送ってくれたのは、彼だった\n\nHe was the one I sent the letter to - ???",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T06:53:12.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74116",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T08:32:47.337",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T08:32:47.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "36709",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses",
"nominalization",
"giving-and-receiving",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "How to say \"the one I sent the letter to\"",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can say **私が手紙を送ったのは彼だった**.\n\nThis 私が is more or less important. If you omitted 私が, the sentence would\nbecome ambiguous:\n\n> 手紙を送ったのは彼だった。\n>\n> * He is the one who sent a letter (to someone).\n> * He is the one I sent a letter to.\n>\n\nThe use of あげる cannot solve this type of ambiguity (手紙を送ってあげたのは彼だった is still\nambiguous the same way). And even the following simple phrase is ambiguous in\nJapanese:\n\n> 手紙を送った人\n>\n> * a person who sent a letter (to someone) (=the sender)\n> * a person who someone sent a letter to (=the receiver)\n>\n\nPlease read the following questions for details:\n\n * [Clarification about how 惚れた should be translated](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60895/5010)\n * [Relative Clause Ambiguous](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60385/5010)\n * [How is the subject of this subclause made clear?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54666/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T08:26:14.277",
"id": "74120",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74116",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74116
|
74120
|
74120
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "1) Original sentence: **日本語ができると旅行がしやすくなって便利だと思いますよ。**\n\nIf I write it as **日本語ができると旅行するがやすくなって便利だと思いますよ。**\n\nIs it grammatically correct and does it mean the same thing? If it is wrong,\nwhy is it wrong?\n\n2) Also, another example, **昨日買物をしに行きました** If I write it as **昨日買い物していきました**\nis it also the same meaning and is it grammatically correct\n\nIf it is the same meaning, is there any reason to use the sentence structure\nwith し instead of suru/-te form?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T07:04:59.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74117",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T08:11:56.837",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T07:39:46.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "36102",
"owner_user_id": "36102",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can 'し' be replaced by these sentences?",
"view_count": 90
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 日本語ができると旅行するがやすくなって便利だと思いますよ。\n\nNo, unfortunately your sentence is ungrammatical. For one, が cannot directly\ntake a verb like する. が takes a **noun** , so you have to [use a nominalizer\nの](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29367/5010). Or you can just remove する\nand use 旅行 as a noun. For one, やすい in modern Japanese does not mean \"easy\"\nalone (although it did in classical Japanese). やすい means \"easy-to-X\" only when\ncombined with a masu-stem of a verb. A fixed version would be like:\n\n * 日本語ができると旅行する **の** が **簡単に** なって便利だと思いますよ。\n * 日本語ができると **旅行** が **簡単に** なって便利だと思いますよ。\n\n> 昨日買い物していきました\n\nNo. The original sentence means \"I went out for shopping\", but your sentence\nmakes little sense. (It could mean \"I shopped and then went there\" or \"I\nshopped before going there\" when there is enough context). The te-form does\nnot mark a purpose like the に as in the `verb + に + motion verb` construction.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T08:11:56.837",
"id": "74119",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74117",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74117
| null |
74119
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I failed to understand the meaning of と in the sentence \"峠を二つ三つ **と**\nこえても、まだ海は見えてこない\" when I read the story\n[あの坂をのぼれば](http://blog.livedoor.jp/natsuhanamiyazaki/archives/40638060.html).\n\nI browsed through the meanings of と in 明鏡国語辞典, but it seems none of them fits.\n\nCould you tell me the meaning of this と and share some examples of this sort\nof と?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T11:12:06.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74122",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T14:32:11.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Meaning of と in \"Quantifier plus と\"",
"view_count": 89
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「峠{とうげ}を二{ふた}つ三{みっ}つ **と** こえても、まだ海{うみ}は見{み}えてこない。」\n\nこえる＝越える\n\nFirst and foremost, quantifiers are often used **_adverbially_** in Japanese\nwhereas they are more often used **_adjectivally_** in English. This has been\ndiscussed [in this\nQ&A](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/17816/how-to-list-numbers-\nof-things/17832#17832).\n\nJapanese way: 「峠を二つ三つ（と）こえる」、「ハンバーガーを二つ食{た}べる」、「テーブルにリンゴが２個{こ}ある。」, etc.\n\n\"English\" way: 「二つ三つ **の** 峠をこえる」、「二つのハンバーガーを食べる」、「テーブルに２個のリンゴがある。」, etc.\n\nIn the sentence in question, 「二つ三つと」 functions adverbially to modify the verb\n「こえて（も）」.\n\nThere is virtually no difference in meaning between 「二つ三つ **と** 」 and 「二つ三つ」.\nBoth function adverbially and both mean \" ** _a few (times)_** \".\n\nThe 「と」 simply adds a very small amount of emphasis to the quantifier/adverb.\nLikewise, the difference in meaning between 「ゆっくり」 and 「ゆっくりと」, 「しっかり」 and\n「しっかりと」, etc. is minimal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T14:32:11.120",
"id": "74129",
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"parent_id": "74122",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74122
| null |
74129
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74126",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I recently came across a song called 「未完成」 by Leo Ieiri. \nI know 未完 means \"Incomplete\" or \"Unfinished\". I'm interested in knowing what\nthat 「成」 represents when used after 「未完」 and what are other ways to use it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T11:26:58.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74125",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T02:01:14.683",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T02:01:14.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36650",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing",
"prefixes"
],
"title": "What part does 「成」 play when tailed to a word?",
"view_count": 425
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you're parsing it incorrectly... It's 未+完成, not 未完+成.\n\n[未]{み} - prefix, \"not yet\" \"un-\" \n[完成]{かんせい} - \"completion\" \"accomplishment\" \"perfection\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T11:36:37.220",
"id": "74126",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T11:36:37.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "74125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
74125
|
74126
|
74126
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n> 問題を無視することはできません。しかし、 問題にばかり注目していると過去の状態を **取り戻そうと** 努力することになります\n\nThe part where it says: 「取り戻そうと努力することになります」 more specifically that \"そうと\" where\ndoes it come from? What's the meaning of that 「そうと」? I really hope you can\nhelp me with this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T12:03:39.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74127",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T18:35:05.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T18:35:05.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"parsing",
"volitional-form",
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 取り戻そうと in this sentence?",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「[Verb 1 in Volitional Form] + **と** + [Verb 2]」\n\nshould be remembered as a set phrase meaning:\n\n> \"[Verb 2] in an attempt to [Verb 1]\"\n\nbecause it is used _very_ frequently.\n\n「取{と}り戻{もど}そう」 is, of course, the volitional form of 「取り戻す」.\n\n> \"We should not ignore the problem. If we, however, focused only on the\n> problem, we could end up working (too) hard in an attempt to recover the\n> former situation (instead of making further progress).\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T13:52:01.190",
"id": "74128",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-29T13:52:01.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74127",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
74127
| null |
74128
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74132",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I previously practice reading beginner’s japanese book and was surprised by\nthis verb form, the verb+り. Can someone please help explain about its usage or\nwhere I can study more about this form of verb. Thanks so much!!\n\n> 「ロバートは何枚かのＣＤを手に **とり** 、ポールの部屋へ向かいます。」 \n> 「ロバートは彼のお気に **入り** の歌手の名前を挙げます。」\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AWmLy.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qz2rv.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T15:29:00.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74130",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T17:28:03.443",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T02:27:46.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36713",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"set-phrases",
"parsing",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Can someone explain the usage of Verb+り in these sentences please",
"view_count": 2001
}
|
[
{
"body": "The two instances you indicated in the image are not `[VERB]`+り. These are\ninstead the verb in the _-masu_ stem form, also sometimes called tine\n\"continuative\", \"infinitive\", or even \"gerund\" form in English, and also\ncalled the 連用形【れんようけい】 in Japanese.\n\nThe two verbs in your image:\n\n * とる \nSometimes spelled in kanji as 取る, meaning \"to take\". This has the _-masu_ form\nとります, and we see that とり is the stem form. \nThere are various threads on the site regarding the use of the 連用形【れんようけい】 to\nend a clause, as we see with the 「とり、」 example. In short, this is often\nroughly equivalent to saying \"`[VERB]`, and...\" in English.\n\n * 入【はい】る (usually) \nUsually means \"to enter, to go into something\". This has the _-masu_ form\n入【はい】ります, and we see that 入【はい】り is the stem form. \n**However** , in this specific case, the verb is part of a set phrase. The\nverb form of this set phrase is 気【き】に入【い】る, which literally means something\nlike \"to enter into one's mood\", but it's used idiomatically to mean \"to\nreally like something\". The noun form of this set phrase as used in your\nsample text is お気【き】に入【い】り, meaning basically \"something one really likes,\none's favorite\". ~~The honorific お prefix here is a clue that the narrator\nisn't talking about themselves.~~ Despite the honorific お prefix, this term\nhas been fully lexicalized (i.e. it's become a word unto itself), and it is\noften used in reference to oneself as well as others. \nIn context, we have 彼【かれ】のお気【き】に入【い】りの歌手【かしゅ】の名前【なまえ】 or \"the name of his\nfavorite singers\".\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not answer your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T17:36:15.363",
"id": "74132",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "74130",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74130
|
74132
|
74132
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74145",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This sentence appeared on NHK news web easy today in regards to the corona\nvirus.\n\n> 厚生労働省は、検査の結果が出るまで、外に出ないようにしてもらうことにしています。\n\nI believe the grammar that is tripping me up is the nested にする in te form.\n\nMy best interpretation:\n\n> According to some government office, until the results of the test are\n> received, [they] won't be allowed to leave.\n\nThe ～ようにしてもらう construction and the final ～もらうことにしています Must be a type of\ngrammatical construction I am not familiar with yet.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T17:09:05.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74131",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T04:47:03.110",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-29T18:30:47.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Please help me understand the grammar of this にする sentence",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe that the subject of います is the Ministry of Health (厚生労働省) whereas\nthe subject of 出ない is people who have taken the medical tests.\n\nBroken down:\n\nThe ministry of health (厚生労働省は) decides that (しています) it will receive [by the\npotentially ill people] the favor (もらうことに) of their making sure (して) to not go\nout (出ないように).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T04:47:03.110",
"id": "74145",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T04:47:03.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36722",
"parent_id": "74131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
74131
|
74145
|
74145
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74169",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I started hearing this word in various anime: it's starting to seem quite\ncommon, but I'm not sure about its meaning.\n\n[Jisho](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%91%89%E3%82%8C%E5%91%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%82)\nlists it as \"sincerely; repeatedly\", but it doesn't seem to be it's whole\nmeaning, if at all; unfortunately I wasn't able to find the examples where I\nheard it in the past, but I took a couple from Jisho and one from the last\ntime I heard it:\n\n> 明日からくれぐれも頼んだよ\n>\n> We are counting on you from tomorrow\n>\n> あの方にくれぐれもよろしく\n>\n> Give him my best regards\n>\n> くれぐれもお体をお大事に\n>\n> Please take good care of yourself\n>\n> くれぐれも気をつけてください\n>\n> Please be careful\n\nIt seems to me in those examples it doesn't really translate as per Jisho: if\nit's translated at all (in the first example it doesn't seem to be\ntranslated), it in \" **best** regards\" and \" **good** care\".\n\nI tried\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%90%E3%82%8C%E3%82%82),\nbut as far as I can understand it says it means \"To repeat many times; used\nwhen asking sincerely\", which seems more or less in line with Jisho and again\ndoesn't seem to really fit.\n\nAm I right in thinking that 「くれぐれも」 is best understood as an intensifier, a\nword used to put emphasis on what is being said, rather than having specific\nmeanings like those given by Jisho? If I'm right, 「明日からくれぐれも頼んだよ」 wold mean\nsomething like \"We are **really** counting on you from tomorrow\", \"We are\ncounting on you from tomorrow [and we are expecting results]\".\n\n(Also, I'm just realizing this while finishing this question, I'm not sure why\nwith 「明日」 is used 「頼んだ」, a past form.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T19:01:19.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74134",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T09:13:47.737",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of くれぐれも",
"view_count": 547
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you are more or less correct. くれぐれも is one of those most difficult\nwords to translate from Japanese. In one phrase I would translate it as \"be\nsure to\", in the context of being an intensifier. This is a relatively\n\"stronger\" intensifier, as you may know Japanese has many words to strengthen\na meaning, this one being on the higher end of the scale. Also, some words or\nphrases do not work with other intensifiers, may even only work with a\nspecific intensifier. For example, I can't think of any other intensifier that\nworks with 頼んだよ so the strong version of 頼んだよ would always be くれぐれも頼んだよ.\nHowever a similar but slightly version 頼みますよ can also go with しっかり. So since\nくれぐれも has quite limited use cases, using this phrase yourself is a bit more\ntricky.\n\nAnyway, the short answer is, くれぐれも is an intensifier so all of the above\nphrases (in your question) become stronger or more sincere with the くれぐれも than\nwithout.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T09:13:47.737",
"id": "74169",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36739",
"parent_id": "74134",
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"score": 3
}
] |
74134
|
74169
|
74169
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74138",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was asked `今日{きょう}天気{てんき}はどうですか?`\n\nMy response was: `涼{すず}しいです。`\n\nI was told that's not the right way to say that. Instead I should say:\n`あまり寒{さむ}くなりません。`\n\nWhich is the right way? If I'm wrong, why? And when should I use `涼{すず}しい`?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T19:40:23.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74136",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T00:57:24.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16223",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"semantics"
],
"title": "What is the proper way to describe the weather as cool?",
"view_count": 986
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is such a tricky question; It almost caught me.\n\nThe other person would be correct **_if_** :\n\n1) S/He said 「あまり寒{さむ}く **あ** りません。」 and not 「あまり寒く **な** りません。」. While the\nlatter is not totally impossible, the former would be way more natural.\n\n**_AND_**\n\n2) The conversation took place in the winter. ← très important!\n\n「涼{すず}しいです。」 (\"It's cool\") is generally said only during the summer (or the\nwarmer half of the year) when it happens to be nice and cool on particular\ndays. It is a welcome change from what one would normally expect during that\ntime of year, which would be 'hot and muggy'.\n\nIt would be unusual, if not terribly incorrect, to say 「（今日は）涼しいです。」 in the\nwinter. It would indeed sound considerably more natural to say\n「（今日は）あまり寒くありません。」.\n\nLikewise, native speakers would not say 「今日は暖{あたた}かいです。」 in the summer when it\nis a little less hot than usual. It is a welcome temperature change for a\nshort period of time, but we would say 「今日はあまり暑{あつ}くない。」.\n\nIn conclusion,\n\n「涼しい」 describes a **higher-to-lower** temperature change.\n\n「暖かい」 describes a **lower-to-higher** temperature change.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T00:02:01.307",
"id": "74138",
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"parent_id": "74136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 19
}
] |
74136
|
74138
|
74138
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "彼は冬に何日かお休みがあります。\n\n彼は2週間仕事をしなくてよいのです。\n\nWhat is the grammar behind しなくてよい? Does it mean \"doesn't have to work?\" Also\nis のです being used because the fact that he doesn't have to work for 2 weeks\nexplains 冬に何日かお休みがあります?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-29T23:27:02.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74137",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-05T06:11:26.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "のです and te-form + よい",
"view_count": 236
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「彼{かれ}は冬{ふゆ}に何日{なんにち}かお休{やす}みがあります。\n>\n> 彼は2週間仕事{しゅうかんしごと}をしなくてよいのです。」\n\n「しなくてよい」＝する + ない + て + よい\n\n「し」 is the 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of 「する」 just as 「なく」 is that of\n「ない」.\n\nThe super-literal meaning of 「しなくてよい」 would be something like \" _ **if not do\n(something), good/okay**_ \".\n\nThat is why 「しなくてよい」 is often translated as \" _ **to not have to do ~~**_ \" in\nnatural English. One would agree that it is a valid translation, wouldn't one?\n\n> Also is のです being used because the fact that he doesn't have to work for 2\n> weeks explains 冬に何日かお休みがあります?\n\nExactly. Except for the 「２週間」 part, which is a more detailed piece of\ninformation, the second sentence is basically just rephrasing the first.\n\nI might add that this passage was clearly written/spoken for a non-native-\nspeaker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-05T02:25:34.587",
"id": "74256",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-05T06:11:26.033",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 2
}
] |
74137
| null |
74256
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am very confused about とする vs. として/に. I am working on the Try book for N2\nand in one of the practices it's asking to pick between とする, として, and に in\nexample sentences.\n\n> 企業は利益を上げることを目的(として/とする),日々、経済活動を行っている。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T00:48:22.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74139",
"last_activity_date": "2022-08-15T22:46:42.677",
"last_edit_date": "2022-08-15T22:46:42.677",
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"owner_user_id": "36719",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between NをNとする and NをNとして/に?",
"view_count": 424
}
|
[
{
"body": "Simply, ～とする is adjectival (modifies a _noun_ as a relative clause), and ～として\nis adverbial (modifies a _verb_ as a te-form).\n\nThe next _noun_ after the modifier in question is 日々. It's a noun that also\nworks as an adverb, just like 明日, 去年, 今月, etc. If you say 利益を上げることを目的と **する**\n, it looks like it modifies 日々, and the whole sentence would look like\n\"Companies conduct economic activities in the profit-pursuing days\", which\nmakes little sense because there is no such a thing as \"non-profit-pursuing\ndays\" of a company. Instead, this modifier must modify the next _verb_ ,\n(経済活動を)行う.\n\n> 企業は利益を上げることを目的として日々経済活動を行っている。 \n> Companies conduct economic activities every day with the purpose of making\n> a profit.\n\nIn the English translation, you can see \"with the purpose of making a profit\"\nis modifying not \"every day\" but \"conduct economic activities\".\n\nAをBに is also adverbial. It's perfectly fine to say\n企業は利益を上げることを目的に日々経済活動を行っている, too.\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, What if there is no 日々?\n\n> 1. 企業は利益を上げることを目的として経済活動を行っている。\n> 2. 企業は利益を上げることを目的とする経済活動を行っている。\n>\n\nBoth are grammatical, but still, the former is more natural. In Sentence 1,\n経済活動を行っている is adverbially modified by 利益を上げることを目的として (\"Why companies do\neconomic activities? Because they want to make a profit!\"). This makes sense.\nIn Sentence 2, 経済活動 is adjectivally modified by 利益を上げることを目的とする (\"What kind of\neconomic activity? The one that can make a profit!\"). This sounds odd because\nit sounds as if there were such a thing as \"non-profit-pursuing economic\nactivity\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T03:53:34.350",
"id": "74142",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T03:53:34.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 5
}
] |
74139
| null |
74142
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand the grammar of this sentence. I understand the\nmeaning of it and the words, but I'd like to know what forms なり, すぎて, and しまった\nare in and how they \"connect\" to each other. Any help would be appreciated.\n\n> 「それともオレたちが強くなりすぎてしまったのか...」\n>\n> \"Or have we ended up getting too strong?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T03:07:35.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74140",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T03:19:35.507",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "36502",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does なりすぎてしまった work?",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "Let me break down the 強くなりすぎてしまった part...\n\n強く -- continuative form of i-adjective つよい, \"strong\" \nなり -- continuative form of verb なる(成る), \"become\" \"get\" \nすぎて -- てform of verb ～すぎる(過ぎる), \"...too much\" \n(～て)しまった -- past form of subsidiary verb (～て)しまう, \"end up ...ing\"\n\nSo 強くなる - \"become strong\" \n強くなりすぎる - \"become strong too much\", \"get too strong\" \n強くなりすぎてしまった - \"ended up getting too strong\"\n\nDoes this make sense to you?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T03:19:35.507",
"id": "74141",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T03:19:35.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "74140",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74140
| null |
74141
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74144",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This sentence is from a poem:\n\nトイレットペーパーしゅるる.\n\nThe katakanas mean \"toilet paper\". How about the hiraganas?\n\nI thought it would be a verb because of the る-ending, but can't find a verb\nlike this in the dictionary.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T04:34:31.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74143",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T05:18:46.440",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T05:18:46.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "36722",
"owner_user_id": "36722",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"hiragana",
"onomatopoeia",
"poetry"
],
"title": "meaning of hiragana in a verse",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "「しゅるる」 is an onomatopoeia that describes, in this case, the sound made by the\ntoilet paper rolling.\n\nThe variants include 「しゅるしゅる」、「シュルシュル」、「シュルル」, etc.\n\nOnomatopoeias are an important part of our language and that is such an\nunderstatement. Onomatopoeias rule.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T04:46:22.960",
"id": "74144",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T04:46:22.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "74143",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
74143
|
74144
|
74144
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74153",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Today while I was self studying my Japanese textbook, I noticed this sentence\nwhich was translated roughly from \"today I am returning to japan\"\n\n**わたしは 今日 日本 に かえります。**\n\nThis seemed a bit odd to me since it didn't really sound that great following\nup 今日 with 日本 as there was no particle in between them.\n\nSo I was wondering if these sentences I came up with would make more\nsense/would be more commonly used\n\nformal: **今日は わたしが 日本 に かえります。**\n\ncasual: **今日は 日本 に かえります。**\n\nIf there are any better ways to say this then please let me know, I'm a\nbeginner so my Kanji vocabulary is next to nothing so answering in mostly\nHiragana would be appreciated. Thanks",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T05:00:31.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74146",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T08:38:51.683",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T10:14:10.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "36723",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Question about grammar, how to say \"today I am returning to japan\"",
"view_count": 1362
}
|
[
{
"body": "わたしは今日, 日本にかえります is natural and best, if you don't want to mean any other\nnuance.\n\nは is used as a topic marker, emphasize and contrast. so I feel 今日は日本にかえります\nfocuses \"today\", which is the day you return to Japan.\n\nIn Japanese language, the first person is often omitted, so I feel\n今日はわたしが日本にかえります focus \"I\", which is the person who returns to Japan today.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T12:43:43.557",
"id": "74148",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T05:53:24.100",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-31T05:53:24.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "74146",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "> わたしは今日、日本にかえります。\n\nThis is actually the most natural (or perhaps I should say neutral) word order\nand topic marking here. It’s common in speech to place a slight pause after 今日\n(represented by a comma here).\n\nThe reason for this is because it’s most natural for the subject of the\npredicate to become the sentence topic in Japanese. This is what happens by\ndefault, and as a result it doesn’t add any layer of extra nuance or\nmarkedness.\n\nYou _can_ mark other things in the sentence as a topic, such as the indirect\nobject (日本 here), time adjuncts (今日, 今{いま}, 明日{あした}, etc.), objects (no\nexample available from this sentence), but this goes _against_ the default,\nwhich means there is some _reason_ for doing so in terms of how you are trying\nto structure the information.\n\nThe basic function of a non-default usage of は is to pick something out of the\ndiscourse and make a comment specifically about it (and not other things).\n\nSo if you said 「今日は日本にかえります」, then that would only be natural if someone had\neither already brought up “today” (e.g., by asking you what you’re doing\ntoday) or you are for some reason bringing it up yourself (e.g., to contrast\nwith what you’re doing tomorrow, or to give it a sense of ‘at long last’ by\ncontrasting it with all the days up to this point).\n\nIf you said 「日本には今日かえります」 without someone else having already brought up 日本,\nit’d be a little odd, because you can normally only かえる to one place anyways,\nso there is no need to emphasize that you are not かえるing to some other place\nalso. But following a question of 「日本にはいつかえるのですか？」 (which itself would only be\na natural question if there is some reason to believe they are already\ndetermined to go back to Japan), it would work (though in almost all cases you\nwould just say 「今日です」 or 「今日かえります」 to be more succinct).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T16:20:48.060",
"id": "74153",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "You can also say 今日、わたしは日本にかえります。Either way, は should not come directly after\n今日 because that would alter the meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T08:38:51.683",
"id": "74165",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T08:38:51.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36739",
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"score": 1
}
] |
74146
|
74153
|
74153
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74152",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having a bit of trouble getting a grasp of 筋ってもん (sujitte mon) and what\nit's supposed to convey. Does it possibly have kind of declarative function\nfor whatever precedes it?\n\nExamples include:\n\n俺の通すべき筋ってもんだ\n\nand\n\n生身でもがくのが筋ってもんだ\n\nAny help is appreciated.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T12:35:15.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74147",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T22:08:28.313",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T14:49:05.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "36726",
"owner_user_id": "36726",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "Meaning of the phase: 筋ってもん",
"view_count": 400
}
|
[
{
"body": "I suspect the core of your confusion comes from not knowing a meaning of 筋{すじ}\nwhich is applicable in both of your sentences; that is:\n\n> ❺ 物事の論理的な流れ。道理。 \n> 「➖の通った話」 \n> 明鏡国語辞典 第二版\n\nThis usage of 筋 is pretty idiomatic and mostly found in the expressions 筋が通る\nor 筋を通す, which you should be able to look up directly.\n\n「〜するのが筋だ」 stems from that usage and basically means that 〜 is the reasonable,\nlogical, right, or natural thing to do.\n\nThe ってもんだ is best explained in detail elsewhere (see [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28872/how-to-\nparse-%E8%A6%AA%E3%82%82%E8%BE%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%82%92%E8%B2%B7%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8B%E3%81%84%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0/29018#29018),\nh/t Chocolate for finding that), but it’s basically a masculine-ish way of\ngiving a “that’s the way things are” sort of finality to your sentence.\nOverall, I would say that 筋ってもんだ is not so common a collocation to be able to\ntreat it as a single unit, so it is likely better to consider them separately.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T15:34:36.150",
"id": "74152",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T22:08:28.313",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T22:08:28.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "74147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74147
|
74152
|
74152
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74150",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am just a beginner and am currently reading particles. I came across a\nthought of using に instead of は in a certain example and I couldn't find the\ndifference in the usage and the context as well.\n\nE.g. 君の出身地はどこですか？ and 君の出身地にどこがありますか？\n\nIn the above example, both the sentences mean \"Where is your hometown?\". So,\nmy questions are\n\n 1. Is there any difference between the two?\n\n 2. Can に replace は if we talk about the description of the place like where a thing is or likewise? If yes, could you please explain?\n\n* * *",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T13:37:41.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74149",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T14:17:54.593",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T13:52:05.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Could you please tell the difference between particle は and に in case of description of a place of existence",
"view_count": 174
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 君の出身地にどこがありますか？\n\nI'm sorry to say that this sentence (using に) is not grammatically correct. に\nis a particle that indicates:\n\n 1. Direction of movement.\n 2. Place of existence\n 3. Destination\n 4. Result of Change\n 5. Object of a verb\n 6. Source (of a verb)\n 7. Specific time\n 8. The Japanese equivalent of the English 'per' (as in 'three meals per day')\n\nYou can read more about the に particle at [this source,](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-particle-ni-clear-up-all-doubts-you-may-\nhave/) but for now I will focus on why this particular usage is not\ngrammatically correct. So let's break it down real quick.\n\n**君の** -- Your\n\n**出身地** -- birthplace\n\n**に** -- ? (I don't know what this could be here since it is not grammatically\ncorrect)\n\n**どこ** -- where\n\n**が** -- topic marker (this is another grammar mistake)\n\n**ありますか** -- does it exist?\n\nBreaking it down, we can see that 出身地 should actually be the _subject_ of the\nsentence marked by は. Further, because どこ is _not_ a topic in this sentence,\nbut rather a place of existence, I would replace it with に, making the end\nresult:\n\n> 君の出身地 **は** どこ **に** ありますか？\n\nBut this still feels clunky to me because using the existence verb ある in this\ncase is too repetitive. The birthplace exists because _you_ exist, so why\nquestion its existence? It would sound much more natural as:\n\n> 君の出身地はどこですか？\n\nWhich is your first sentence.\n\nSo to answer your first question, the difference is that the second of your\ntwo examples is not grammatically correct, while the first one is.\n\nThe answer to your second question is simply that に and は are **not**\ninterchangeable. The source I listed above (and [here](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-particle-ni-clear-up-all-doubts-you-may-\nhave/)) shows particles that can be exchanged with に, and in what\ncircumstances it is allowable. You will note that は is _not_ one of them.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T14:09:58.320",
"id": "74150",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T14:17:54.593",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T14:17:54.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "74149",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "「は」 marks topic, while 「に」 marks direction (「海{うみ}に行{い}きます」) or place of\nexistance (「この町{まち}に映画館{えいがかん}がありますか」), [and a lot of other\nthings](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%AB). So 「君の出身地はどこですか」 means \"Speaking of\nyour birth place, where is it?\", while 「君の出身地にどこですか」I guess sounds something\nlike \"About what's in your birthplace, where is it?\", if anything at all,\nwhich doesn't really means anything, it sounds quite unnatural.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T14:14:18.720",
"id": "74151",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T14:14:18.720",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
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"score": 1
}
] |
74149
|
74150
|
74150
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74257",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have seen that to express a sequence of verbs, you can use the て-form,\n\n> 食堂に行って、昼ご飯を食べて、昼寝をする。\n\nand the same form is used when thanking with various formalities,\n\n> 教えてくれてありがとう\n>\n> 教えていただいてありがとうございます\n>\n> 教えていただきありがとうございます\n\nThen would it be correct to simply replace 教えて with some collection of て-form\nverbs, say,\n\n> 添削して説明して...ありがとう\n\nOr would that be too unnatural, and something like\n\n> 色々ありがとう\n\nis preferred?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T18:16:50.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74154",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-05T03:22:56.533",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "27005",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Combining two or more verbs for ありがとう",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can use くれる when combining verbs with ありがとう。\n\n> 一緒にご飯を食べた。 → 一緒にご飯を食べてくれてありがとう。\n\nso, below makes sense;\n\n> 添削して、説明してくれて、ありがとう。\n\nor, simply just\n\n> 添削と説明、ありがとう。(most preferred, I think)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T21:50:49.927",
"id": "74158",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T21:50:49.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "While the sentence:\n\n> 「食堂{しょくどう}に行{い}って、昼{ひる}ご飯{はん}を食{た}べて、昼寝{ひるね}をする。」\n\nis a completely natural-sounding one, it would not generally be a very\nnatural-sounding sentence if one tried to employ multiple verbs in front of\n「ありがとう」. In this case, it is different from English where one can naturally\nsay:\n\n\"Thank you for (verb 1)ing and (verb 2)ing for me yesterday!\"\n\nFor one thing, 「ありがとう」 is a fixed phrase and grammatically speaking, it does\nnot have a wide application.\n\n「教{おし}えてくれてありがとう」 is fine as it is \"simple\" enough.\n\n「添削{てんさく}して説明{せつめい}して...ありがとう」, however, is definitely not. It sounds very...\n\"foreign\" for a lack of words. It sounds \"translated\". Native speakers would\nphrase it as:\n\n> 「添削してくれて、 **また** 説明 **まで** してくれて本当にありがとう。」\n\nor slightly more formally:\n\n> 「（ご）添削いただき、 **かつ** （ご）説明 **まで** していただき、まことにありがとうございました。」\n\n**Point is we tend to use the connectors 「また」、「かつ」、「なおかつ」. etc. We also tend\nto repeat 「くれて」、「いただき」、「いただいて」, etc. as well**.\n\nFinally,\n\n> 「色々{いろいろ}ありがとう」\n\nis a totally different kind of sentence without using a verb, so it is\ndifficult for me to say anything productive about it except that it is a valid\nphrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-05T03:22:56.533",
"id": "74257",
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"score": 2
}
] |
74154
|
74257
|
74257
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering if someone could help me clear up some confusion\n\nSometimes when I hear people speaking Japanese in videos, I hear them swap the\nk/g consonants, as well as the d/t consonants.. Like よろしく sounds like exactly\nwhat it looks like alone, but adding おねがいします makes the く sound like ご.. I get\nthat the u turns silent but I don't get the consonant switching.\n\nThe same goes for なかった where it sounds more like ながっだ in the audio provided\nhere <https://elon.io/learn-japanese-hepburn/lexicon/26888/anata-wa-heta-ja-\nnakatta-desu>.\n\nIs this something to do with phonetics and is there a specific spot where the\ntongue touches when Japanese people pronounce these two to make them sound\nvery similar? I know t/d make use of the back of the top of your teeth.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T19:40:07.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74155",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T22:05:26.487",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-30T22:05:26.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36723",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonology",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Pronunciation question for consonants k/g and t/d",
"view_count": 772
}
|
[
{
"body": "If your native language is English, you may find that although the contrast\nbetween the pairs /t d/, /p b/, and /k g/ is nominally one of\n[voicing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_\\(phonetics\\)), in practice it\nis frequently one of\n[aspiration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant). The Japanese\npairs are more of a true voiced and voiceless set, with /p t k/ having less\naspiration, thus sounding somewhat like /b d g/ to English speakers. (On a\nrelated note, as a child I was confused that words such as 'spin', 'star', and\n'scare' were not spelt 'sbin', 'sdar', and 'sgare'.)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-30T19:46:31.503",
"id": "74156",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-30T19:46:31.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "74155",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
74155
| null |
74156
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74168",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For instance,\n\n> Ａの髪は黒い (1)\n\nvs\n\n> Ａは髪が黒い (2)\n\n(and possibly also)\n\n> Ａの髪が黒い (3)\n\nMy understanding is that they all mean the same thing, except that (1) and (3)\ndiffer by which part of the sentence is emphasized (after the particle for\n(1), while before for (3)). But I'm not too certain about the implication for\n(2) in this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T01:33:45.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74160",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T08:55:42.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27005",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference in nuance regarding AはＢがＣ and ＡのＢはＣ",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[
{
"body": "I can't explain in grammatical terms, but I would say I disagree with you in\nthat 1 and 3 are similar because they both emphasize the \"hair\" to be the\nfocus of the statement, whereas in 2 the subject (\"A\") is the focus. They all\nhave the same effect in that they all convey that the hair of A is black but\nto me (a native) it feels like a difference of what the person saying this\nwants to stress.\n\nNot sure if you get what I'm saying ... I can elaborate further if you wish.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T08:55:42.740",
"id": "74168",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T08:55:42.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36739",
"parent_id": "74160",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
74160
|
74168
|
74168
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74166",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ジェームズは事務所で仕事をしています。\n>\n> 彼は毎日とても忙しいです。\n>\n> 彼はお客様と多くの会議をします。\n>\n> ジェームズはこのような会議は好きではありません。\n>\n> 彼は「お客様がとても退屈しているのでは」と思っています。\n\nThe sentence ジェームズはこのような会議は好きではありません sounds like James does not like this kind\nof meeting (long meetings) BUT likes another kind of meeting. This does not\nmake sense. Secondly, in 彼は「お客様がとても退屈しているのでは」と思っています, が makes it sound like\nJames thinks the CUSTOMERS are the ones who are bored. But what is \"customers\"\nbeing compared that requires \"customers\" to be emphasized with が? Of course I\nam probably not aware of many of the usages of は & が because I am a beginner\nand apparently entire books have been written on these 2 particles. So if\nsomeone could point out what the exact usages of the particles are in this\ncase, I would greatly appreciate it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T04:54:22.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74162",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T08:44:25.447",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "は vs が in the following passage",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[
{
"body": "は in このような会議は indeed stresses that there is something particularly unpleasant\nabout these meetings, as they are the topic. は is the topic marker. James\ndoesn’t necessarily hate all meetings, but these meetings he does not like.\n\nIn お客様が退屈しているのでは , the topic is really the whole fact that the customers are\ngetting bored, and not just the costumers per se. So using the topic marker は\ninstead of が would be inappropriate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T08:44:25.447",
"id": "74166",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T08:44:25.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36722",
"parent_id": "74162",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
74162
|
74166
|
74166
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74172",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you understand this sentence:\n\n> これはペットボトルを再生した **もの** です。\n\n“This is the tool that fixed the PET bottle”? Or, “this is an object made from\nrecycled PET bottles”?\n\nI typed it into Google Translate and it gave neither answer but simply “this\nis a recycled bottle”.\n\nIf Google Translate is right, I don’t understand the logic of including 「もの」\nin the sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T11:19:14.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74170",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T12:53:30.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-31T12:00:03.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "36722",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "The もの in 再生したもの",
"view_count": 66
}
|
[
{
"body": "Under normal circumstances, the sentence:\n\n> 「これはペットボトルを再生{さいせい}したものです。」\n\nwould only mean one thing which is:\n\n> \"This is an object/thing made from recycled PET bottles.\"\n\nto borrow your translation.\n\nOne would say this sentence by pointing, for instance, at fleece. Fleece is\nmade from PET bottles, which is why it tends to be inexpensive.\n\nYour other translation \"This is the tool/machine that fixed/recycled the PET\nbottle.\" would not be a very natural one, if not entirely impossible. If that\nwere what one wanted to say, one would use 「再生 **する** 」 instead of 「再生した」\ninstead (and perhaps also 「機械{きかい}」 or 「装置{そうち}」 instead of 「もの」 as well).\n\nThe Google translation, as usual and as expected, is just garbage. PET bottles\nare better as garbage because they turn into my jackets.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T12:46:27.920",
"id": "74172",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T12:53:30.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-31T12:53:30.217",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74170",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74170
|
74172
|
74172
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74175",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Pre-Text: Both まで and に can be used to determine the place of\nmovement/destination.\n\nHi, I was studying, these two Particles, I came across a situation regarding\nwhether to use まで or に which I couldn't get an answer because both were having\nthe same function in the context.\n\nE.g.\n\n> 埼玉から東京に行きます (I will go from Saitama to Tokyo) \n> 埼玉から東京まで行きます (I will go from Saitama to Tokyo)\n\nSo, Could you please help by answering the following questions:\n\n * Which one of them is correct? \n * How do you determine whether to use まで or に, under similar situation?\n * Are there any rules of choosing them under a particular situation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T13:09:43.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74173",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T14:08:28.687",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-31T13:51:53.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Whether まで should be used or に to determine place of destination？",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "So there is a slight difference between these two sentences, and though most\ntranslations will end up being the same, the nuance changes what is actually\nbeing said.\n\nLet's begin with に:\n\n> 埼玉から東京に行きます。\n\nIn a translation that best captures the nuance, I will say this: `I am going\nfrom Saitama to Tokyo.` It is specifically indicated that Tokyo (as a whole)\nis designated the final destination.\n\nNow for まで:\n\n> 埼玉から東京まで行きます。\n\nMy translation capturing nuance is this: `I am going from Saitama to\n(someplace in) Tokyo.` Here Tokyo is _part_ of the final destination, but it's\nslightly less specific by implication. It's not the complete final\ndestination.\n\n* * *\n\n> Which one of them is correct?\n\nThey are both correct, and nominally interchangeable. It just depends on\nwhether or not you break the final destination into parts. Tokyo, for example\nhas many regions and zones you can break it down into, and can be\nappropriately marked with _both_ に and まで. Places like the Tokyo sky tree, the\nsouth pole, or the Eiffel tower cannot be broken down into smaller pieces, and\ncan therefore must be indicated by the use of に.\n\n> How do you determine whether to use まで or に, under similar situation? \n> Are there any rules for choosing them under a particular situation?\n\nUsually I'd use に. Note that this can change with speaking style, as people\nhave their own particular style of speech. You are free to do as you wish, but\n_usually_ , I hear に.\n\n* * *\n\nHere's a link to the [same source as before](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-particle-ni-clear-up-all-doubts-you-may-\nhave/#3) that can help you learn more about how に, and まで are similar. They\nare, for the most part, interchangeable, but nuance does change slightly.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T13:49:55.127",
"id": "74175",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T14:08:28.687",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-31T14:08:28.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"parent_id": "74173",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74173
|
74175
|
74175
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74177",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence in a story I'm reading:\n\n> 誰にだって、どんな人にだって一度くらいはそういうことがあるんじゃないかと思います。理屈抜きで誰か嫌いになること **がです**\n\nTrying to understand 「がです」 I tried looking on Google, on my grammars and here\non Stack Exchange, but I only found the reverse order, 「ですが」; Google translate\ntranslate it as \"is\", but Google translations aren't alway that great,\nespecially with single words.\n\nI think can understand the sentence (\"No matter who, no matter which type of\nperson, I think everyone does it at least once, isn't it? To hate someone\nwithout reason\"), but I can't wrap my head around 「がです」. I don't think it\nnominalize the preceding sentences, both because I'm not even sure 「が」 can do\nsuch a thing (I don't think I ever saw it used that way; on the contrary, when\nnominalization is needed, 「のが」, with 「の」 to nominalize), and there is already\n「こと」 doing the nominalization.\n\nIs that the 「が」particle? What does it means in this context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T13:38:04.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74174",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T15:44:21.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「がです」",
"view_count": 355
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「誰{だれ}にだって、どんな人にだって一度{いちど}くらいは **そういうこと**\n> があるんじゃないかと思{おも}います。理屈抜{りくつぬ}きで誰か嫌{きら}いになること **がです** 。」\n\nAs always, the answer (or at least a big hint) can be found in the context.\nHere, the answer is right there in the first sentence.\n\n「そういう **こと** 」＝「理屈抜きで誰か嫌いになる **こと** 」\n\nThough I am certain that what 「そういうこと」 roughly refers to has already been\nexplained even prior to the first sentence, it is explained once again\n(perhaps in more concrete and/or concise terms) in the second sentence.\n\n「がです」 has nothing to do with 「ですが」 and it is used far more often than you seem\nto think. The 「が」 in 「がです」 is, of course, a particle. It is the regular\nsubject-marker preceded by the noun 「こと」.\n\n**Point is, however, something is left unsaid between the 「が」 and 「です」**\nbecause it gets wordy and awkward if it is said.\n\n「理屈抜きで誰か嫌いになること **がです** 」\n\n＝「理屈抜きで誰か嫌いになること **が** （あるんじゃないかと思うの） **です** 」\n\n「あるんじゃないかと思います」 has already been said in the first sentence, so why repeat it\nin the second?\n\nHand-made examples:\n\nA:「じゃあ、小学校{しょうがっこう}は大阪{おおさか} **で** 卒業{そつぎょう}したん **です** ね？」\n\nB:「いいえ、青森{あおもり} **でです** 。」\n\nA:「今日{きょう}はお父{とう}さん **と** 来{き}たん **です** ね？」\n\nB:「いいえ、母{はは} **とです** 。」\n\nA:「足{あし} **が** かゆいん **です** か？」\n\nB:「いいえ、背中{せなか} **がです** 。」\n\nて、なんちゅうコントやねん！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T15:02:08.543",
"id": "74177",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T15:44:21.680",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-31T15:44:21.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74174",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
74174
|
74177
|
74177
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74179",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading [this\narticle](https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200131/ddm/001/070/090000c) and\nnoticed it had some ▲ symbols.\n\n「われわれは欧州合衆国とでもいうべきものを成立させねばならない。その最初の一歩、欧州評議会創設の緊急事業を成功させるためにフランスとドイツは協働しなければならない」。はて、誰の発言か▲実はこれ、根っからの保守主義者でナショナリストだった英国のチャーチルの言葉である。１９４６年、チューリヒでの演説で、２度の大戦で荒廃し米ソに分断された欧州の文明の再興を、政治家なら誰もが真剣に考えた時代だった▲時は流れ、欧州２８カ国が加盟した今日の欧州連合（ＥＵ）からいよいよ英国がきょう（日本時間あす朝）離脱する。戦後ほどなく仏独の提携から始まり、東西冷戦の終結で欧州全域に広がった欧州統合の流れに生じた初の逆流である▲４年前の国民投票で離脱を決めた英国だが、ＥＵとの合意なき離脱も心配させたこの間のすったもんだである。総選挙に出たジョンソン政権の与党勝利でようやく離脱実現となったものの、離脱派と残留派で割れた世論の分断は続く▲今後はＥＵとの経済関係が維持される年末までの移行期間に入るが、その間に新たな自由貿易協定の合意ができねばまた大混乱の危機が訪れる。離脱派が夢見る「栄光ある孤立」を新たな成長の軌道に乗せるのは依然容易でなかろう▲グローバリズムへの草の根の反発により欧州統合の理想が足元から揺さぶられるＥＵも。。。」\n\nWhat are they supposed to indicate? They seem to indicate breaks, but they\nprobably don't mean the same thing as a comma or a period, which both also\nexist in the article.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T14:22:54.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74176",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-01T13:25:35.270",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-01T13:25:35.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "27922",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "What does ▲ mean in a newspaper?",
"view_count": 749
}
|
[
{
"body": "段落（paragraph）の区切りです・・・\n\n毎日新聞のコラム「余禄」では、▲ \n朝日新聞のコラム「天声人語」では、▼ を使って、 \n「ここで段落が変わる」ことを示しています。 \n（段落が変わるので本来は改行するところを、スペースが限られているため、代わりに記号で表している）\n\n産経新聞のコラム「産経抄」は ▼ で、こんな感じです：\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AE5Pk.jpg)\n\nまた、[このページ](https://stabucky.com/wp/archives/6979)によると、 \n読売新聞のコラム「編集手帳」では、◆ が使われているそうです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T16:36:02.373",
"id": "74179",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-31T17:00:31.567",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-31T17:00:31.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "74176",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
74176
|
74179
|
74179
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{
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"body": "I've started to talking to a new friend in Japan and I can't work out what\nsome of the kaomoji he uses mean :/ I've found lists and lists and lists on\nthe Internet but can't seem to spot some he's used :/\n\n(´｡• ω •｡`)\n\n(°∀° )/\n\n(´°д°`)\n\n(´•̥ ω •̥` )\n\n(｡•́ω•̀｡)\n\nThat's all I have rn, thank you so much!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-31T20:36:01.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74180",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-01T03:36:19.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36742",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can anyone help me identify what some kaomoji mean please?",
"view_count": 270
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese people have invented [tons of emoticons](http://kaomoji.ru/en/), but\nthe ones you have listed were popularized among the users of\n[2ch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2channel) more than 20 years ago. They are\ncollectively called 2ch系顔文字. They were super-popular in the past but they may\nlook rather outdated today.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ueGXpm.png)\n\n> (´｡• ω •｡`) \n> (｡•́ω•̀｡)\n\nThese are variations of\n[**ショボーン**](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%28%CC%81%E3%83%BB%CF%89%E3%83%BB%60%29),\nwhich was named after the onomatopoeia\n[しょぼん](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%BC%E3%82%93). It\nbasically expresses a disappointed face (or sometimes an innocent gaze). `ω`\nis a mouth, `´` and ``` are eyebrows, `｡` is a cheek.\n\n> (´•̥ ω •̥` )\n\nA variation of ショボーン with teardrops.\n\n> (°∀° )/\n\nThis one is a variation of **キター** , named after 来た (\"Here it comes\"). It\nrefers to an excited, energetic face. `°` refers to a widely-open eye, `∀` is\nan open mouth, and the slash `/` refers to the person's raised arm. So this\none is like \"Hey\", \"Yes\", \"Look at me\", \"Got it\", \"Come on\", etc.\n\n> (´°д°`)\n\nThis is a variation of **ゴルァ** named after\n[コラ](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%93%E3%82%89). This `д` refers to the mouth\nof an angry person, similar to [this](https://emojipedia.org/mozilla/firefox-\nos-2.5/angry-face/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T03:31:01.997",
"id": "74181",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-01T03:36:19.827",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-01T03:36:19.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74180",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
74180
| null |
74181
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The very first lyric of the song [\"Fighting\nGold\"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OchozLuSHM0) goes like this:\n\n> 夢を縛りつける 重たい運命の石に\n\nAnd everything makes sense except for the fact that the singer reads 運命 as\nさだめ. Why?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T06:09:58.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74182",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-29T23:43:40.337",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-29T23:43:40.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "36744",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings",
"song-lyrics",
"homophonic-kanji",
"irregularities-exceptions"
],
"title": "Why is 運命 read as さだめ?",
"view_count": 697
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese, especially in creative writing (stories, poetry, lyrics, etc),\npeople often specify a different reading of kanji than is conventional or\n\"correct\". They do this for various reasons, the most common I believe is to\nmake one word have double-meaning, although the two meanings referred are\nusually quite similar to begin with. For example, in this case, 運命 and さだめ\nalready have similar meanings but have subtle differences in both their\ndefinition and the nuance. And especially in lyrics, the words can have\ndifferent lengths and/or rhymes and/or sounds that may or may not fit the\ntune. I am not familiar with this particular song but the changing of the\nreading in lyrics is very common so this is no surprise. By doing this, the\nsong will be sung as さだめ but it conveys to the reader that this word also\ncarries with it the definition and nuance of 運命. Note that this \"trick\" only\nworks when the written lyric is also seen, hence if you only hear this song,\nthe listener will not get it. I am not aware of a name to this \"trick\" but we\nusually refer to it as 〇〇と書いて〇〇と読む (in this case, うんめいと書いてさだめと読む).\n\nSo basically this is the result of the creative work of the person who wrote\nthis song/lyric and there is no right or wrong. Based on this, I guess a\nsongwriter could put any combination of kanji and reading, but if is nonsense,\nthen it's nonsense and so is the song, and that's that. I once came across a\nsong that wrote 天使 and read it as あくま but that was okay because the song was\ndescribing a person who appeared to act as an angel but had evil intentions.\nIf done well it's a very smart play on words and also efficient to make one\nword mean two. It's all part of the creative process and we read as so, and\nenjoy it as so.\n\nBy the way, if I saw any of this outside of the context of creative/artistic\nwriting, then it would simply be wrong and incomprehensible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T12:41:36.090",
"id": "74245",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T12:41:36.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36739",
"parent_id": "74182",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74182
| null |
74245
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "An old Dover grammar-book of Japanese shows it to be _to_ (it has no kana but\nI assume it's と), but Wikipedia shows _to̅_ (とお). Which one is correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T07:42:29.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74183",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T11:13:51.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26826",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"counters",
"numbers"
],
"title": "What is independent form of numeral 10?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is 「とお」 as explained in the Q&A I linked to above. That is how \"10\" is read\nin the original Japanese way (prior to our dramatic encounter with the\nChinese).\n\nListen to [this video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgvUPbPSY2g&t=) from\n0:25 and you will see that it is the **_elongated_** 「とお」 and not the regular-\nlength 「と」.\n\nIn actual words, however, the kanji 「十」 are read both ways. Which one to use\ndepends on the word.\n\n「とお」： 「十日{とおか}」 (\"10th day of the month\")\n\n「と」： 「十度{とたび}」 (\"10 times\")\n\nMy Favorite: 「十月十日{とつきとおか}」\n\nThe first 「十」 is read 「と」 and the second, 「とお」. This is how we figuratively\nand rhythmically describe the normal length of human pregnancy before delivery\n-- \"10 months and 10 days\".\n\nFor the date \"October 10th\", however, 「十月十日」 is read 「 **じゅう** がつ **とお** か」.\nAs far as pronunciation, the first 「十」 is Chinese-influenced, but the second\n「十」 is originally Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T02:25:56.257",
"id": "74193",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T11:13:51.820",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-02T11:13:51.820",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "74183",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74183
| null |
74193
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I was going across the particle で and から and I found that, both of them\nhave the function of \"because\". Following are the examples\n\nE.g. of using で as because\n\n> 病気で旅行に行けなかった (Because I was sick, I couldn’t go on the trip)\n>\n> 台風で電車が止まった (The train stopped on account of the typhoon)\n>\n> 風で扉が開きました（Wind opened the door)\n\nE.g. of using から as because\n\n> あのレストランは安いからいつも混んでいます (That restaurant is inexpensive, so it’s always\n> crowded)\n>\n> 忙しかったから私たちは公園へ行きませんでした (We didn’t go to the park because we were too busy)\n\nWhat's the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T09:50:29.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74184",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-13T15:50:06.017",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-13T15:50:06.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-で",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Difference between から and で in context of because",
"view_count": 904
}
|
[
{
"body": "As for the meaning, I think they are the same. As for when to use から or で, you\ncan notice if you read your sentences carefully. A noun is placed before で,\nand a sentence or verb is placed before から.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-19T15:21:44.533",
"id": "74495",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-19T15:21:44.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "74184",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
74184
| null |
74495
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I read that の can be used like an **'s** in English to show possession of\nsomething belonging to someone.\n\nBut I am confused. Is it grammatically correct to use の as in: 部屋の掃除を手伝う to\nmean \"help with the room's cleaning\"\n\nOr must it be in 部屋を掃除するのを手伝う <-- this form?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T10:29:20.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74185",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-01T10:45:58.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36102",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Can の be used to link nouns to verbs?",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "部屋の掃除を手伝う and 部屋を掃除するのを手伝う are both correct, and effectively mean the same\nthing. In the former, 掃除 is a simple noun, whereas in the latter, 掃除 is a\nsuru-verb nominalized using の.\n\nNote that 部屋を掃除を手伝う and 部屋の掃除するのを手伝う are incorrect. Please see the following\nrelated questions.\n\n * [Can we optionally include (or exclude) an を particle in between the noun of the する-verb and the する itself?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1532/5010)\n * [Difference Between べんきょう する and べんきょうを する](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4006/5010)\n * [Usage of 手伝う and お手伝いをする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65685/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T10:45:58.497",
"id": "74186",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-01T10:45:58.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74185
| null |
74186
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74196",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can 行くな change to 行くぬ with the same meaning \"Don't go\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T13:04:08.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74187",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T07:11:18.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36597",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can 行くな change to 行くぬ?",
"view_count": 181
}
|
[
{
"body": "そんな言葉は聞いたことない、ね。 I have never heard that, and my first thought would be it's a\nmisprint or someone misheard. (apparently not a classical usage, so edited)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T03:38:02.300",
"id": "74195",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T07:11:18.963",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-02T07:11:18.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "27922",
"owner_user_id": "27922",
"parent_id": "74187",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "From your comment:\n\n> I see that な when combined with a dictionary form of a verb produces the\n> negative imperative. And ぬ can be replaced with ない. So can な replaced with ぬ\n> with the same meaning?\n\nFirst of all, no. The な is a particle (助詞). ぬ and ない are auxiliaries (助動詞).\n\nThe negative imperative な is attached to the attributive form (連体形) of a verb:\n\n> 行く+な → 行くな \"Don't go!\"\n\nThe negative auxiliaries ぬ and ない are attached to the imperfective form (未然形)\nof a verb. The 未然形 of 行く is 行か, so:\n\n> 行く+ない → 行 **か** ない / 行く+ぬ → 行 **か** ぬ \"don't go\"\n\nIn modern Japanese, the auxiliaries ない and ぬ don't have the imperative form\n(命令形).\n\n(In classical Japanese, the terminal form of ぬ is ず, and its imperative form\nis ざれ.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T04:06:59.163",
"id": "74196",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T04:40:44.503",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-02T04:40:44.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "74187",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
74187
|
74196
|
74196
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74191",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: Riku is a boxer of Baba gym. Tokorozawa is a retired boxer of Baba\ngym. Ishigami is a retired boxer of an unmentioned gym. Tokorozawa beat\nIshigami in the past. Recently, Tokorozawa asked a favour to Ishigami. Now\nalso Riku is taking advantage of Ishigami's help. When Riku asks Ishigami\nabout the match with Tokorozawa, Ishigami says:\n\n> なんで馬場ジムはどいつもこいつも **負かした俺** を頼りにしてくんだか… 所沢君に続いて\n\n負かす is a transitive verb, so I think 負かした俺 means \"me who beat\". From this\nsentence it looks like it was Ishigami that beat someone from Baba gym. Who is\nthe subject and object of 負かした? Could you explain how this relative clause\nworks?\n\nCould you also confirm that どいつもこいつも is the subject of 頼りにしてく?\n\n[Here you can see](https://i.imgur.com/ysMN7el.jpg) the original page\n(Ishigami is the man with the shaven head).\n\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-01T17:46:42.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74188",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-18T01:44:32.937",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-02T04:04:12.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"manga",
"relative-clauses",
"transitivity",
"subjects",
"object"
],
"title": "負かした俺: who beat whom in this relative clause?",
"view_count": 235
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「なんで馬場{ばば}ジムはどいつもこいつも負{ま}かした俺{おれ}を頼{たよ}りにしてくんだか… 所沢君{ところざわくん}に続{つづ}いて・・」\n\nYou are reading the 「負かした俺」 part the other way around. The one who has been\nbeaten is the speaker and the one who beat the speaker is 馬場ジム (or someone\nfrom that gym).\n\n「所沢君に続いて」 means 「所沢君に続いて **君までも** 」, which is what the speaker refers to by\n「どいつもこいつも」. 「どいつもこいつも」 is certainly often translated as \"everyone\", but that\nis only the \" ** _figurative everyone_** \".\n\nIn reality, 「どいつもこいつも」 is used when more than one person are doing the same\n(kind of) thing. Furthermore, in emphatic or exaggerated speech, we quite\noften use 「どいつもこいつも」 to refer to just one person when we have a strongly\nnegative feeling about his/her action.\n\n> Could you also confirm that どいつもこいつも is the subject of 頼りにしてくる?\n\nExactly, it is. 「頼りにしてくる」 is the only \"real\" verb there since 「負かした」 is used\nwithin a relative clause.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T01:42:57.013",
"id": "74191",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-18T01:44:32.937",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-18T01:44:32.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74188",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74188
|
74191
|
74191
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why are numbers written like `２０２０` and not `2020`?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T01:51:49.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74192",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T04:54:41.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"typesetting"
],
"title": "Writing digits in Japanese",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "Kanji on average fill a roughly square space and tend to be most readable in\nmonospace. So in Japanese typesetting when kanji is the predominant character\nset, you will usually see a monospace font full of roughly square glyphs.\nLatin alphabet characters and Arabic numerals look a little odd in this\ncontext.\n\nArabic numbers used in this context are also replacing their kanji\nequivalents. So, although the Arabic glyph is used, culturally they are not\nbeing used exactly as the western world uses them. Meaning, the perspective is\nthat \"2020\" is four distinct characters that come together to have meaning.\nRather than \"2020\" forming the equivalent of a word with a numeric value. The\nresult is the same. But if you start out viewing them as separate characters,\nyou may not want to make the font fit together graphically as a single word.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T04:54:41.820",
"id": "74197",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T04:54:41.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36750",
"parent_id": "74192",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74192
| null |
74197
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74219",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I came across the following sentence at one point.\n\n> もともとおかしな話ではあった。\n\nI did some research on ではある, because I wanted to understand this term better.\nThis is what I found.\n\n * [The difference between “ではある” and “である” and “です”?](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/8492844.html)\n * [Weblio entry on “ではある”](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B)\n\nThe answers in the first link indicate that “ではある” is an “X is Y” statement,\nbut it implies that there is a slight possibility that “X is not Y”.\n\nThe Weblio entry indicates that the “は” in “ではある” is the “contrastive は”.\n\nSince the above sentence is a comment on a statement that someone made, I\nthink some possible translations are as follows.\n\n> It was an odd statement from the first, but maybe it wasn’t.\n>\n> It might or might not be an odd statement from the first.\n\nI think I have the right idea, but I have to admit nuances can be difficult to\ntranslate. Do you have any suggestions? Thanks in advance!\n\nEDIT:\n\nThe context goes something like this:\n\nA club of high school students attack one high school student. But that\nstudent beats the stuffing out of them. Emi, the club leader, is the only one\namong them left standing. Furious, she says to the high school student,\n「冷子、あんたタダの漫研じゃないね！？」(“Reiko, you aren’t _just_ CA, are you!?”) Then the\nnarrator says もともとおかしな話ではあった。The narration also explains the context\nsurrounding Emi's statement.\n\nDoes this help in answering the question?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T02:36:03.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74194",
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"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is a good way to translate ではある?",
"view_count": 353
}
|
[
{
"body": "There could be multiple ways of understing this. One way to make sense of it\n(perhaps a bit contrived) is to regard the part ending in で as a single object\n(a noun clause). The particle は turns that whole object into the topic of the\nsentence.\n\nFor example おかしな話で would mean \"the fact of its being a strange statement\" （the\nspecific meaning of 話 depends on context so I will adopt your translation as\n\"statement\"). The は particle tells us that such fact is the topic of the\nsentence, and あった tells us something about that fact -- that it existed.\n\nIf you include もともと, then もともとあった means that this fact existed in the origin.\nSo the full meaning is \"its being a strange statement originally existed\",\nwhich is certainly a weaker assertion than \"it was a stange statement\", as\nwould have been であった。\n\nYou can think of the standard negative ではありません in the same way. The opposite\nof your sentence, i.e. おかしな話ではなかった means \"its being a strange statement didn't\nexist.\" But the negative affords the more direct translation \"it wasn't a\nstrange statement\", perhaps because of the stronger effect of a negative form.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T05:15:44.100",
"id": "74217",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T02:34:46.867",
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},
{
"body": "To answer your question in the simplest way, I'd say \"では\" is a formal way of\nanswering. ではある literally means \"It was / There was\" (pointing towards an\ninanimate / non-existent objects hence, ある, animate objects are described as\nいる). \ni.e. If i wanted to say \"my best friend is not an otaku\" i'd say, 友人がオタク\n**では** ないです (いない) \n \nThere's one more way translate it if you're using the kanji form 出会った (であった,\nmeeting) but that's simply not the case here",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T06:31:20.173",
"id": "74218",
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{
"body": "After seeing the context I think it means...\n\n> \"Come to think of it now, there was something fishy/strange about it from\n> the beginning (but we somehow followed the command).\"\n\nThe は is contrastive. It marks, or limits, the \"scope\" of であった. (部分的な肯定?) It's\nlike \"I must admit that it sounded strange/fishy, at least partially/to some\nextent, if not totally.\"\n\nSimilar use of this は:\n\n> 「反対か賛成かと問われれば、賛成で **は** ある。」(implying \"not fully agree\") \n> 「免許は、持って **は** います。」(implying \"don't drive\") \n> 「結婚したいと思って **は** います。」(implying そんなに強く思ってない or でも特に何もしてない)\n\n* * *\n\nI don't think the 話 is \"statement\", but the 話 in phrases like\n「ばかげた話だ」、「変な話だ」、「ひどい話だ」 etc.\n\n> まったく、ひどい話だ！ \"That's terrible!\" \n> ばかげた話だ！ \"That's absurd!\" \"That's utter nonsense!\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T06:33:20.823",
"id": "74219",
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74194
|
74219
|
74219
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74202",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I understood the sentence below:\n\n> この面白い話を落語と言い、落語をする人を落語家といいます。\n\nas to be:\n\n> Such interesting stories are known as 落語, and people who tell 落語 are called\n> 落語家.\n\nHowever, if the meaning is as I have interpreted, what is the grammatical\nrules with regards to the usage of を in the above? Would it also work if it\nwas simply\n\n> この面白い話「が」落語と言い、落語をする人「が」落語家といいます。\n\nSentence lifted from Lesson 20 of Genki II.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T09:23:02.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74199",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T10:35:39.160",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-02T09:25:36.263",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35088",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Using を when not followed by a verb",
"view_count": 673
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Using を when not followed by a verb\n\nBut 「言{い}い」 and 「いいます」 are both verbs in:\n\n> 「この面白{おもしろ}い話{はなし}を落語{らくご}と **言い** 、落語{らくご}をする人{ひと}を落語家{らくごか}と **いいます** 。」\n\n「言い」 is the continuative form and 「いいます」 is the masu-form of the verb 「言う」,\nisn't it?\n\nThus, 「言い」 is used mid-sentence because the sentence still continues after it.\n\n「Noun + を」 does not need to be followed _**directly**_ by a verb. There can be\nother words placed in between as in:\n\n「ラーメンを **おいしく** 食{た}べる」\n\n「カーテンを **ゆっくり** 開{あ}ける」, etc.\n\nHope you are following this explanation.\n\n> 「 **A** + を + **B** + と + 言う」\n\nBTW. is an extremely common set phrase meaning:\n\n> \"to call A 'B'\"\n\nYou ask:\n\n> Would it also work if it was simply:\n>\n> 「この面白い話「が」落語と言い、落語をする人「が」落語家といいます。」\n\nNo, it would not. That would not be natural-sounding under normal\ncircumstances. Careful speakers would not use 「が」 in that sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T10:32:16.650",
"id": "74202",
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},
{
"body": "> この面白い話 **を** 落語と **言い** 、落語をする人 **を** 落語家と **いいます** 。\n\nIn both parts of this sentence を **is** followed by a verb. The verb is 言う.\nThere is nothing in Japanese grammar that says the verb must come immediately\nafter を. You've probably heard that word order can be quite flexible in\nJapanese. This is possible because we know what the part of speech is from the\nattached particle.\n\nIn these two clauses you have the common pattern:\n\n> AをBと言う \n> Call A (as) B.\n\nso your English translation is accurate (I'd be inclined to go with 'funny'\nrather than 'interesting' for 面白い though).\n\nFinally, you ask if\n\n> この面白い話「が」落語と言い、落語をする人「が」落語家といいます。\n\nwould be correct. The answer is no. が marks the **subject** of the verb 言う.\nThe subject would be the person doing the calling、i.e. the person making the\nclaim that these funny stories are called Rakugo. In your original sentence\nthe subject is left unspecified, and we assume it to be just a generic\n'we/one/people in general'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T10:35:39.160",
"id": "74203",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T10:35:39.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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}
] |
74199
|
74202
|
74202
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74206",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following sentence\n\n東京は冬になると、北風の強い日が多いです。\n\nis it correct that 北風の強い replaces the more obvious option 北風が強い in order to\navoid close repetition of が？\n\nSo if the following が in 日が多い had not been there to interfere, would it have\nbeen more natural to use 北風が強い ?\n\nOr do the two options actually differ with some semantic nuance?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T09:51:35.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74200",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T11:16:10.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36722",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particles",
"syntax"
],
"title": "の to prevent repetition of が",
"view_count": 104
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the reason why the expression of 「北風の強い」 in `東京は冬になると、北風の強い日が多いです。` is\nrather [scientific\nreason](https://kids.gakken.co.jp/box/nazenani/pdf/10_kisyou/X1110112.pdf)\nthan the syntax.\n\nWe don't have to emphasize 北風:the wind from north in winter because the\nEurasian continent is cold in winter and it it higher pressure than the area\naround Japan. Therefore, the wind blows from north(or north western) of Japan,\nespecially Siberia.\n\nWe even have the song called\n[『北風小僧の寒太郎』](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNhuzeYEpIE) and are probably\ngetting used to associate \"北風\" with \"cold and winter\" by the melody.\n\nProbably in spring or autumn, if it has been still cold or getting cold from\ntime to time, you might hear 「北風がまだ強い日/強くなる日」on the weather forecast news.\n\nNormally we expect the wind from tropical zone on the south(south east) of\nJapan in hot summer.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-02T11:16:10.140",
"id": "74206",
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"score": 1
}
] |
74200
|
74206
|
74206
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74204",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that 就く{つく｝means “to be hired”. But does it have a separate meaning in\nsports jargon (soccer, baseball...)\n\nI’m referring to the following sentence:\n\n全員、守備に就くため走った。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T10:16:34.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74201",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T10:52:04.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36722",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"expressions"
],
"title": "就く in sports jargon",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "> know that 就{つ}くmeans “to be hired”.\n\nWhile that is not incorrect, I would rather suggest that you remember the\nmeaning as \"to assume a position\". Why? Because while 「就く」 is in the active-\nvoice form, \"to be hired\" is in the passive voice.\n\nThe 「就く」 in the sentence:\n\n> 「全員{ぜんいん}、守備{しゅび}に就{つ}くため走{はし}った。」\n\nis not all that different in that it means:\n\n> \"Everyone ran to assume a defensive position.\"\n\nSports or business, you are assuming/taking a certain position. That is what\n「～～に就く」 means.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T10:52:04.623",
"id": "74204",
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"parent_id": "74201",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
74201
|
74204
|
74204
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I stumbled upon this 管を巻く, and looking up, it says that in English, it meant\n'to grumble over one's wine cups.' But I still did not understand what it\nmeans. Can someone help to explain?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T11:09:04.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74205",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T11:39:51.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36754",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"definitions"
],
"title": "The meaning of 管を巻く",
"view_count": 837
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「管{くだ}を巻{ま}く」\n\nis an idiomatic expression meaning:\n\n> \"to talk incoherently (when drunk)\"\n>\n> \"to grumble on and on (when drunk)\"\n\nI might add that repeating the same things over and over is often the\ncharacteristic of 管を巻く-ing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T11:28:11.380",
"id": "74208",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-02T11:39:51.643",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74205",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
74205
| null |
74208
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm really confused between these three words. Most dictionaries say that all\nof these words have a meaning of honour. Here's what I understand, though I\ndon't know if its right.\n\n光栄{こうえい} ー Honor - (I.e: It is my honour to meet you / I am honoured to meet\nyou). I don't know if this word has any other uses, though.\n\n名誉 {めいよ} ー Prestige, credit - (名誉ある賞): Prestigious award.\n\n栄誉 {えいよ} ー Honor with a meaning closer to \"glory\". If this is the case though,\nhow is it different from 栄光?\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-02T18:55:14.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74209",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T15:37:57.990",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-03T15:37:57.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "36722",
"owner_user_id": "36757",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 光栄, 名誉 and 栄誉",
"view_count": 412
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 光栄 is a na-adjective. 名誉 is usually a noun but sometimes used as a na-adjective. 栄誉 is a noun.\n\n * 光栄なことです / 名誉なことです (×栄誉なことです)\n * 名誉を授かる / 栄誉を授かる (×光栄を授かる)\n * 栄誉 refers only to truly glorious, publicly prize-worthy things. 名誉 also refers to dignity or reputation every person has, in which case 栄誉 is not interchangeable.\n\n * 栄誉ある賞を受賞する / 名誉ある賞を受賞する\n * 名誉ある死 (△栄誉ある死)\n * 名誉を毀損する to defame, to derogate (×栄誉を毀損する)\n * 光栄 refers to someone's feeling of being honored. This word is used almost exclusively in \"I am honored\"-type sentences.\n\n * 光栄です/光栄に思います。 I'm honored. (× 名誉です/栄光です。)\n * 名誉 is commonly used as part of the title of a person.\n\n * 名誉教授 honorary/emeritus professor",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T00:38:46.947",
"id": "74212",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74209
| null |
74212
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a bit confused why jisho.org marks the word 直感的 as a noun in a sentence\n(直感的な人) while it's a Na-adjective in the dictionary. Based on the meaning and\ntranslation (intuitive person) it's also supposed to be an adjective. Is there\na rule I don't know about or is it incorrectly marked as a noun?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xyBCa.jpg)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T20:51:08.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74210",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T05:39:24.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36758",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Is 直感的 a noun or adjective?",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "The adjective you asked about is formed from the noun 直感｛ちょっかん｝ in the\nstandard way of adding the 的{てき} suffix. Adjectives formed this way are all\nな-adjectives.\n\nIn the example you give (直感的な人), indeed, it seems to figure as a な-adjective\nqualifying 人.\n\nYou can also form an adverb from it in the standard way of adding に, as for\nall な-adjectives. Take for instance this sentence (from Tatoeba):\n直感的{ちょっかんてき｝には、基本的な意味の最小単位は単語です。\n\nMost な-adjective can also be used as nouns. However with adjectives formed\nusing 的、usually you go back to the corresponding noun by simply removing 的.\n\nFor example: あなたは直感を信じないのですか？ \"Do you believe in intuition?\" There would be no\nneed to add 的 here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-02T23:08:55.293",
"id": "74211",
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}
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74210
| null |
74211
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When is it good to use \"ダサい\" (out of fashion, boring)? Is it an everyday word?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T01:52:58.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74214",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T18:52:22.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-03T03:15:11.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "36231",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage",
"offensive-words"
],
"title": "When is it good to use \"ダサい\"?",
"view_count": 176
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is it an everyday word?\n\nI think it certainly is used enough for it to be a popular parlace slang term\nmost speakers will be familiar with.\n\n> When is it good to use \"ダサい\" (out of fashion, boring)?\n\nIt helps me think of it as an approximate translation of _lame_ and how\nspeakers use that word in English. There might be a slight caveat in this\nthough, in that ダサい seems to be directed more at what is considered by the\nspeaker lame _fashion_ and not exactly _attitude_ per se, [as suggested by\nthis answer in Chiebukuro asking about the difference between ダサい and\nカッコ悪い](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1199033616).\nSo this would include \"out of fashion\".\n\nFor the general meaning of \"boring\" it is a harder fit in my opinion. I'd\nprobably be using つまらない instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T18:52:22.623",
"id": "74232",
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{
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"body": "> ジャックは誕生日会に行きます。\n>\n> 彼はメグのために誕生日のプレゼントを買う必要があります。\n>\n> ジャックはあまり多くのパーティにはいきません。\n>\n> 彼は緊張し、 何を買おうかと思います。\n\nWhat is the role of には in ジャックはあまり多くのパーティにはいきません? The only usage of には I know\nof is for contrast but I can't identify what contrast is being made here.\n\nSecondly, I have trouble translating あまり多くのパーティにはいきません. Does it mean \"doesn't\nreally go to alot of parties\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T02:27:06.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles",
"negation",
"scope"
],
"title": "には contrast in following sentence",
"view_count": 438
}
|
[
{
"body": "The contrastive は can mark the scope of negation. (From the context, the は in\nジャックは is the topic/thematic particle.)\n\nCompare:\n\n> ジャックは多くのパーティに行きます。-- 肯定文/affirmative sentence \n> ジャックは今日 **は** パーティに行きません。-- 今日 is negated. (implying he might go on another\n> day) \n> ジャックは車で **は** パーティに行きません。-- 車で is negated. (implying he might go by some\n> other vehicle) \n> ジャックはパーティに **は** 行きません。-- パーティに is negated. (implying he might go to some\n> other place)\n\nAs you can see, は marks/highlights the negated element in a sentence.\n\nBack to your example...\n\n> ジャックはあまり多くのパーティに **は** いきません。\n\nHere, あまり*多くのパーティに (\"to so many parties\") part is highlighted and negated. It\nimplies Jack goes to parties, but doesn't go to **that many** parties.\n\nRegarding this usage of は, these threads might help:\n\n * [Why is the topic marker often used in negative statements (ではない, ～とは思わない)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/9831)\n * [は vs.では in こんなうるさいところでは勉強ができません](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65337/9831)\n * [The difference between は and を?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/49081/9831)\n\n* * *\n\n*あまり as an adverb is followed by a negative word (here ない), meaning \"not so~~, not very~~, not really~~\". For more on this, see this post on [Negative Polarity Items](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/9831).",
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74215
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74216
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74222",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been studying Japanese for 2 years. I'm N4 level currently, recently I've\nhad a bit of slump in learning but i think I'm about to go back to learning\nonce again \nCan anyone tell me the minimum number of words / kanji characters I need to\nlearn in order to prepare for and accomplish N3 level?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T07:03:12.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74220",
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"owner_user_id": "36650",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Number of kanji characters / words I need to learn for N3 level",
"view_count": 262
}
|
[
{
"body": "The Level N3 kanji list is expected to be about 650 kanji in total (or between\n300-1000).\n\nA typical list is assembled by taking all the 常用漢字 taught in Japanese high\nschool, grades 1 to 4, and removing those already in levels N4 and N5.\n\nThis brings total number of new kanji to be learned to 361. Source:\n<https://jlptstudy.net/N3/?kanji-list>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-03T07:55:31.623",
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74220
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74222
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74222
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74229",
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"body": "I'm learning Japanese on Duolingo and they're starting to teach me some\nvocabulary about schooling. Things like 大学, 中学, 小学, and... 高校?\n\nI know that 学校 is the kanji spelling of \"school,\" but why does \"high school\"\nuse the 校 kanji, whereas all the other forms use the 学 kanji? What's the\ndifference between these two kanji/why is one more appropriate for high-school\nspecifically?\n\n* * *\n\nJames' answer below has informed me that 日本語 has abbreviations for some of its\nwords, in this case from 高等学校 to 高校. My question now becomes, \"Why does 高等学校\nget abbreviated to 高校, keeping the 校, but all other forms of school keep the 学\ninstead?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T07:52:47.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74221",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-02-03T17:18:34.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "36097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Why does the word for \"high school\" use 校 instead of 学?",
"view_count": 1933
}
|
[
{
"body": "高校 is an abbreviation of 高等学校, which does include the character 学。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T08:26:21.160",
"id": "74223",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T08:26:21.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7953",
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"score": 2
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{
"body": "First of all, 小学, 中学 and 高校 are abbreviations. The full (non-abbreviated)\nforms are:\n\n * 小学校\n * 中学校\n * 高等学校\n * 大学\n\nYou can already see some inconsistencies. Only 高等学校 has two characters before\n学. 大学 are officially 大学 and has no 校 in the first place! (The word 大学校 exists,\nbut [it refers to something\ndifferent](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36002/5010).)\n\nAfter the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese education system underwent repeated\nreforms, which is too complicated to explain here (see [these\ncharts](https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1318188.htm)).\nRoughly speaking, 大学 was a very old word borrowed from Chinese, and it\nremained unchanged. The name 高等学校 was established relatively later as a\nspecial type of school for selected elites, and that's why it looks different\nfrom 小学校/中学校. These words have different origins and histories, so it's no\nsurprising that they were abbreviated differently.\n\n[学 and 校 both means _school_\nanyway](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15111/5010), so 高学 seems equally\nreasonable as the abbreviation of 高等学校. I could not find why exactly 高学 was\nnot chosen, but I guess there were some practical reason in those days. Maybe\nsomeone thought こうがく was confusing because there was already the word 工学\n(engineering)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T16:34:18.077",
"id": "74229",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T16:34:18.077",
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{
"body": "Additional post to provide a bit more detail.\n\n### Appearance of 高校\n\n[FWIW](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for_what_it%27s_worth#English), it\nappears that the term 高校 [first appears around\n1949](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1-495063#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8),\nshortly after the [1948 promulgation of a new Japanese educational\nlaw](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1),\nreformulating the educational system.\n\n### Japanese abbreviation patterns\n\nJapanese abbreviations are much more commonly derived by choosing the first\ncomponent of each two-character portion of a larger compound. Thus,\n[世]{●}界[銀]{●}行 (\"World Bank\") is abbreviated as [世]{●}[銀]{●}, [下]{●}院[議]{●}員\n(\"member of the lower house of the Diet\") is abbreviated as [下]{●}[議]{●},\n[保]{●}健[体]{●}育 (\"health and physical education\", the subject taught in\nschools) is abbreviated as [保]{●}[体]{●}, etc.\n\nWe even see this pattern in borrowed terms, where the first component isn't a\nkanji, but instead (usually) the first two mora (kana). For example,\n[ワ]{●}[ー]{●}ド[プ]{●}[ロ]{●}セッサー is shortened to [ワ]{●}[ー]{●}[プ]{●}[ロ]{●},\n[ス]{●}[タ]{●}ー[バ]{●}ックス is shortened to [ス]{●}[タ]{●}[バ]{●},\n[コ]{●}[ス]{●}チューム[プ]{●}[レ]{●}イ is shortened to [コ]{●}[ス]{●}[プ]{●}[レ]{●}, etc.\n\nAs such, we'd _expect_ to see [高]{●}等[学]{●}校 abbreviated to *[高]{●}[学]{●}. But\ninstead, [高]{●}等学[校]{●} is abbreviated a bit oddly, as [高]{●}[校]{●}\n\n### Reason for using 高校 as the abbreviation for 高等学校\n\nI cannot find anything definitively explaining why 高等学校 was abbreviated as 高校\ninstead of 高学, but @naruto's guess seems like a good one -- [there are many\nhomophones for\nこうがく](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%93%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F),\nseveral of which appear to be in common use even in the spoken language, and\nmost of which already end in 学 in the written language. While [there are also\nmany homophones for\nこうこう](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%93%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%86),\nfewer of these appear to be in common use in spoken Japanese, and the only one\nwith the 校 character is 高校, which may leave less room for ambiguity.",
"comment_count": 0,
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74221
|
74229
|
74229
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{
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"body": "> でもそのアパートは高いです。\n>\n> ブラッドはもっとお金を貯めようと決心します。\n>\n> それで彼は来年移ることができるからです。\n\nContext: Brad is looking for a new apartment because his current one is too\nsmall. In それで彼は来年移ることができるからです I don't see the point of から. If I take it out of\nthe sentence, the meaning is still the same.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T09:38:23.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74224",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T18:23:14.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"causation",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Not sure what this から is for",
"view_count": 159
}
|
[
{
"body": "> If I take [から] out of the sentence, the meaning is still the same.\n\nNot exactly. In translation, both から and それで will take on the meaning of\n'because' in the English translation. This gives the effect of から appearing to\nhave no real function here. However, それで is a weaker form of 'because,' and から\nin this sentence relies on the wider context of the preceding sentences.\nTherefore, if you were to remove から from the sentence in question, you not\nonly loose the strength of the cause/effect association, but you also what the\nreal cause and effect are.\n\nIn effect, we're looking at multiple causations in this sentence.\n\n[それで](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%85%B6%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A7) as defined by\nJisho.org means `and; thereupon; because of that.` [Other\nsources](http://maggiesensei.com/2011/11/18/request-\nlesson-%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A7-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89sorede-dakara/)\nalso include the meaning `then; so; as a result; that’s why.` I personally\nlike to think of それで as the word\n[それ](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%85%B6%E3%82%8C) followed by the particle で.\n\n[The で particle has several functions](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-\ngrammar/particle-de-expressing-supplementary-information/), but one of them is\nto express reason or causation. Therefore, when you attach the particle で to\nそれ, you get the literal meaning of `that/it causes.` In the context of the\nsentence you've included, my personal take on a literal translation would be\n'by reason of that situation/motivation.'\n\nIn short, それで explains what follows as happening by reason or cause of what\npreceded it. Hence, in English, we would typically translate it as meaning\n`because of that.`\n\nから, on the other hand is a hard 'because,' establishing a stronger sense of\ncausation than それで. からです is the Japanese equivalent of the English `it is\nbecause.`\n\nLets break down the sentence and see if we can make sense of all these moving\nparts:\n\n> それで彼は来年移ることができるからです。\n\nThis will take context to the two other sentences, though I have not included\nthem:\n\n**それ:** This points to the second sentence, or Brad's commitment/decision to\nsave money.\n\n**で:** marks reason/cause\n\n**彼は:** brad\n\n**来年:** next year\n\n**移ることができる:** able to move\n\n**からです:** it is because - 'it' in this case actually refers to the first\nsentence saying that other apartment is expensive. Note that this particular\nusage of から relies _heavily_ on the context of what has been said before this\nsentence.\n\nBringing it all together, I get the following (liberal) translation including\ncontext instead of `it` or `that`:\n\n> That apartment is expensive because Brad's commitment to save money has made\n> it so that he is able to move.\n\nShortening the sentence:\n\n> It's expensive because his commitment has made it so that he is able to\n> move.\n\nそれで in this sentence actually comes into play in the phrase `...his commitment\nhas made it so that...` while から in this sentence comes into play with the\nphrase `It's expensive because...` Therefore, this sentence actually has two\ncausation relationships happening, and needs both それで and から to say what it\ndoes.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-03T14:41:01.750",
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74224
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74226",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm mostly a beginner and still figuring grammar out. I was wondering if\n\n**(location)に (object)を さがしたほうがいい**\n\nwould be a grammatically correct format for a rough translation of \"you should\nsearch for x here\" in casual speech. for example,\n\n**ウールマートに りんごを さがしたほうがいい**\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T10:32:58.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74225",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36723",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"you should search for x here\"",
"view_count": 215
}
|
[
{
"body": "In everyday conversations, the location marker for the verb 「探{さが}す」 is 「で」\nrather than 「に」.\n\nUsing 「に」 is not incorrect, but it surely would make the sentence sound\n(unnecessarily) literary, old-fashioned, poetic, etc. Thus, I would not\nrecommend that you use 「に」 in your sentence **unless you actually intend to\nuse it for your own aesthetic reasons**.\n\nI would say:\n\n> 「ウォルマート **で** リンゴをさがしたほうがいい。」\n\nFYI, the verbs that take 「に」 as their usual location-marker include:\n\n住{す}む (to live)、いる (to be, to exit)、滞在{たいざい}する (to stay), etc. These are all\n**_stative_** verbs.\n\n「探{さが}す」 (\"to look for\") is too \"active\" an action to take 「に」 except for the\nspecial cases explained above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T11:53:29.420",
"id": "74226",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T11:53:29.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "74225",
"post_type": "answer",
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}
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74225
|
74226
|
74226
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74247",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which of the above are acceptable in the following construction?\n\n彼氏は料理だけ＿＿＿＿、家事も出来る。\n\nWhat I am confused about is which of the constructions are grammatical and\nwhich are not? I have used じゃなくては in the past without correction, but when\nusing the more formal form ではなく, it seems as though て form is not used at all,\nand is in fact wrong.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T12:34:15.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74227",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T14:40:25.173",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-04T08:52:35.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "36709",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "じゃなく、じゃなくて、じゃなくては、ではなく、ではなくて、ではなくては",
"view_count": 1015
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「彼氏{かれし}は料理{りょうり}だけ＿＿＿＿、家事{かじ}も出来{でき}る。」\n\nThe key words in this incomplete sentence are 「だけ」 and 「も」.\n\nAlmost only by seeing the two tiniest kana words, we know right away that we\nare dealing with a \" **not only A but also B** \" type of sentence pattern\nhere.\n\n> \"My (partner) can not only cook but he can also do the household chores.\"\n\nThe phrases that can safely fit into that empty spot must be in the forms of:\n\nでは **なく** and では **なくて** less informally and\n\nじゃ **なく** and じゃ **なくて** informally.\n\n(For each pair, the 「て」 makes it one step more informal than without.)\n\nBasically, no other phrases would fit in either grammatically or contextually.\nNeither 「じゃなくて **は** 」 nor 「ではなくて **は** 」 would belong there. There is simply\nno reason that the final 「は」 is needed.\n\n「なくて **は** 」 is most often used in negative conditional/hypothetical\nconstructs such as:\n\n「君がいなくて **は** 生きていけない。」 (\"I can't live without you.\")\n\n「日本に来たら京都に行かなくてはならない。」 (\"If you come to Japan, you've got to go to Kyoto.\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T14:40:25.173",
"id": "74247",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
] |
74227
|
74247
|
74247
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'd like to know what is the meaning of the previous pattern I mentioned in\nthe following sentence:\n\n> 職場ではそんな話ばかりきこえてくるぞ！\n\nI guess きこえて is the てform of 聞こえる. \nBut what is the meaning of きこえて + くる and what does exactly that ぞ mean?\n\nI really hope you can help with this. \n助けてください",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T17:13:41.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74230",
"last_activity_date": "2021-03-02T12:07:10.757",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-04T06:33:35.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Verb てform + くる what does it mean?",
"view_count": 1022
}
|
[
{
"body": "「てくる」can mean that someone goes somewhere and comes back with a direction verb\nsuch as:\n\n```\n\n マクドナルドに行ってくる。 I will go to McDonalds and come back\n \n```\n\nBut it can also mean that someone did something before coming physically to\nwhere they currently are, although it sounds strange in English:\n\n```\n\n 食べてきました。\n I ate (before coming here).\n 見てきました。\n I saw it (before coming here).\n ついに、その時がやって来ました。\n Finally, that time came (and is here)\n 帰ってきました。 \n I came home (and am now here at home)\n \n```\n\nIt can also mean that they have \"come to\" start doing something.\n\n```\n\n 分かってきました。\n I came to understand.\n 英語を話せるようになってきました。\n I came to be able to speak English.\n \n```\n\nI believe in your example sentence, 聞こえてくるぞ describes how the person goes to\nwork and hears about a certain topic of conversation all the time before,\npresumably, coming home.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T05:58:15.150",
"id": "74242",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T05:58:15.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36775",
"parent_id": "74230",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Kikoete kuru means that you overhear something or hear it unintentionally. The\n\"kikoeru\" part means that you can hear it, and the \"kuru\" means the sounds or\nspeech come to you without making a special effort to listen.\n\nKaeru no uta ga kikoete kuru yo = I hear the sound of frogs.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCyricRc_Ds>\n\n> what does exactly that ぞ mean?\n\nEnding particle indicating assertion of a statement, roughly the same as \"yo\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T10:45:54.847",
"id": "74271",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T10:45:54.847",
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"score": 3
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] |
74230
| null |
74271
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74234",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While reading a short story I found this sentence:\n\n> これは青木がからんでいる **な** と僕はすぐわかりました。青木はその松本という男が死んだことを実にうまく利用したのです\n\nThe narrator in the past punched Aoki, since Aoki spread (or so thinks the\ncharacter) rumors on the narrator. Years later Matsumoto killed himself and a\nteacher speaks with the narrator, because Matsumoto was bullied and punched,\nwhich seems to have lead to his suicide, and the narrator goes to a boxing\ngym.\n\nIn the quoted sentence the narrator is guessing that Aoki used Matsumoto death\nto take revenge, but I can't understand 「からんでいるな」. I'm guessing 「からんでいる」 is\n「絡む」 in continuous form, while 「と」 refers to 「わかる」; what about 「な」?\n\nThe only things that comes to mind is the negative imperative, but I'm not\nsure it fits here - if it does, I have no clue about the sentence meaning. I'm\nguessing it means something like \"This is Aoki picking a quarrel with me\", but\nI'm totally ignoring that 「な」. I'm not sure if any of [Jisho's\nmeaning](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AA) fits, and I wasn't able to find\nanything relevant - it being a single kana doesn't help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T19:46:25.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74233",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T22:41:51.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Short verb + な mid-sentence",
"view_count": 263
}
|
[
{
"body": "> これは青木がからんでいる **な** と僕はすぐわかりました。\n\n＝\n\n> 『これは青木がからんでいる **な** 』と僕はすぐわかりました。\n\nThat 「な」 is a sentence-ending particle which\n[Goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AA/#jn-162229) defines as:\n\n> ３ 活用語の終止形、助詞に付く。\n>\n> ㋐軽い断定・主張の意を表す。「これは失敗だな」\n\nmeaning:\n\n> Attached to terminal forms of inflecting words and other particles.\n>\n> Expresses light declaration or assertion. 「これは失敗だ **な** 」\n\nThus, this is not the negative imperative 「な」.\n\n> I'm guessing it means something like \"This is Aoki _**picking a quarrel with\n> me**_ \"\n\nI am afraid that you are thinking of the other meaning of 「絡{から}む」. In this\ncontext, 「絡んでいる」 means \" _ **to be involved**_ \". You will need to remember\nthis meaning as it is used very often for this meaning in informal speech.\n\nJisho seems to keep failing to serve J-learners but it never loses its\npopularity. 「な」 is a _**major**_ sentence-ender that is used many times daily\nby us native speakers.\n\n> \"I knew immediately that Aoki was involved in this.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T22:41:51.233",
"id": "74234",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "74233",
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"score": 5
}
] |
74233
|
74234
|
74234
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74250",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Not a lot of context is necessary I think, just this line a person said to\ntheir friend: じゃあ、今からいつもの場所に集合ね\n\nI'm not sure if this 集合 implies a group gathering between friends (more than\n2) or if it can also just refers to the 2 of them. I usually see 場所集合 used\nwhen talking about groups of people so I'm not sure.\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T23:36:54.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74236",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T15:21:13.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31757",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Can 集合 be used to refer to a meeting between 2 people only?",
"view_count": 259
}
|
[
{
"body": "> I'm not sure if this 集合 implies a group gathering between friends (more than\n> 2) or if it can also just refers to the 2 of them. I usually see 場所集合 used\n> when talking about groups of people so I'm not sure.\n\nI would think it would be really odd to native Japanese speakers if only your\nfriend had said \"集合\" to try to mean virtually \"mutual meeting\".\n\n[**Weblio**](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88) says,\n\n> しゅう ごう しふがふ ［0］ 【集合】 （ 名 ） スル ① いくつかのものを一か所に集めること。また、集まること。聚合。 Translated\n>\n> しゅうごう 集合 Gather particularly unspecific people or things to the one place.\n> Or they meet or be collected as a mass at the place.\n\nNative Japanese speakers expect 3 or 4 more people would gather at one place\nwhen we hear the word 集合。 Not suitable for 2 people's meeting.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-03T23:55:10.240",
"id": "74237",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-03T23:55:10.240",
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"parent_id": "74236",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I'd say I won't find it odd if 集合 is used when (only) two people gather.\nActually, as I searched my inbox, I found myself saying\n「集合はどこにしましょう」，「現地集合でいいですか」 etc. to some friends of mine when I was going to\nmeet one friend, not more. 集合, rather than 会う meet, is useful when we meet\nsomewhere and then go elsewhere together.\n\nI might not be the majority, but I'd like to imagine that the majority of the\nnative speakers will feel confortable with using \"現地集合\" at least, when only\ntwo people are meeting.\n\nAs @DXV says, 待ち合わせ is another word that can convey the similar meaning.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T15:21:13.197",
"id": "74250",
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"score": 2
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] |
74236
|
74250
|
74250
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What is the difference between these words? Which one is the most common?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T01:36:09.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74238",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T04:32:23.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36757",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 沿岸, 海岸, 沿海",
"view_count": 240
}
|
[
{
"body": "岸 means \"shore\", or the _land_ along the edge of a sea, lake, etc. Therefore\n海岸 is \"seashore\", the _land_ along the sea. There is also 河岸 \"riverside\". 海岸\nfilled with sand is called 砂浜 \"beach\".\n\n沿岸 literally means \"along-the-shore\", and it vaguely refers to the area (both\nthe _land_ and the _sea_ ) near 海岸. We say both 沿岸農業 \"coastal agriculture\" and\n沿岸漁業 \"coastal fishery\".\n\n沿海 is a much more uncommon word. The \"dictionary\" definition is not different\nfrom that of 沿岸, but it has some specific uses in some fields. For example, in\nthe airline industry, 沿海区域 is defined as the _sea_ area within 20 nautical\nmiles from the coast.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T04:32:23.013",
"id": "74240",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T04:32:23.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "74238",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
74238
| null |
74240
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74243",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm still learning. This is Goku tied to a tree in first chapter of DB.\nTranslated as: \"She should've said it earlier\". \nCan someone give me a literal translation? Something is preventing me from\nparsing the sentence right and I think it could provide me the missing link\nfor understanding.\n\nだったら = If that's the case \nはやく = soon \nいやあ = No / why \nいい = say \nのに = although",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T05:08:10.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74241",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T06:29:20.817",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-04T06:29:20.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"contractions"
],
"title": "だったらはやくいやあいいのに DB",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "> いやあ = No / why \n> いい = say\n\nいやあ here is a colloquial pronunciation of [言]{い}えば, which is the conditional\nform (仮定形) of the verb 言う. \nいい is [良]{い}い.\n\n> はやくいやあいいのに\n\nmeans\n\n> [早]{はや}く[言]{い}えばいいのに。\n\nliterally \"though it would be good if (she) said soon\" \n→ (She) should have said it earlier.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T06:23:53.920",
"id": "74243",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T06:23:53.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "74241",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
74241
|
74243
|
74243
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am new to Japanese and found out that Adjectives can also be used along with\nverbs in て forms. I came to know that there are two adjectives い-adj and\nな-adj. い is an adjectival verb. Whereas, な is an adjectival noun.\n\nSo, my question is whether な-adjectives also in there て form merged/mix with\nverbs. Can you give examples please, if possible",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T11:09:24.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74244",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T12:52:59.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form",
"adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Can な Adjectives be also used for combination with verbs",
"view_count": 831
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both i-adjectives and na-adjectives **conjugate** in Japanese. The conjugation\nform that allows adjectives to modify verbs (and other adjectives) is called\n「連用形{れんようけい}」 (\"continuative form\").\n\nWith na-adjectives, the 連用形 comes in the form 「〇〇 **に** 」, which means that\nyou only need to change the final 「な」 to a 「に」.\n\nしずか **な** 人{ひと} = \"a quiet person\"\n\nしずか **に** 食{た}べる = \"to eat quietly\"\n\nFairly simple, isn't it? You can expect to use this rule all your life, too.\n\n元気{げんき} **な** こども = \"a vigorous child\"\n\n元気 **に** 生{い}きる = \"to live vigorously\"\n\n**Please remember that there is no such thing as the te-form for na-\nadjectives. Moreover, even with i-adjectives, it is misleading to say that the\nte-form modifies verbs**. It is again the 連用形 that modifies verbs for\ni-adjectives as well.\n\nFor the 連用形 of an i-adjective, simply change the final 「い」 to a 「く」.\n\nうま **い** 歌手{かしゅ} = \"a good singer\"\n\nうま **く** 歌{うた}う = \"to sing well\"\n\nIt is utterly incorrect to say 「うまく **て** 歌う」 and I certainly hope you did not\nlearn that it is correct.\n\n高{たか} **い** 空{そら} = \"high skies\"\n\n高 **く** 飛{と}ぶ = \"to fly high\"\n\nWe never say 「高く **て** 飛ぶ」.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T12:52:59.737",
"id": "74246",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74244
| null |
74246
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74249",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was understanding なる verb today, as well as adjectives. I know the fact that\nadjective + verb can be mixed together with each other. So, I came across an\nexample stating:\n\n> \"家が赤くなっています\" (House is becoming red). Over here House is the subject and\n> 赤い(Red) is the adjective which is being conjugated with なる form to become\n> 赤くなっています。\n\nHowever, won't it be better to say the same when we change it to：\n\n> 家が赤をなっています (house is becoming red). As in this statement, the House is the\n> subject on which the noun (赤) is acting upon by becoming (なっています).\n\n * I can't find any similar question on the web; is my 2nd sentence of using を is grammatically correct?\n * Will it make any difference in meaning and grammatically,if I use Noun+Verb rather than Adj+Verb.?\n\nThanks :)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T14:42:09.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74248",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T15:22:13.693",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-04T15:19:25.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between ”をなる” and ”なっていて”",
"view_count": 470
}
|
[
{
"body": "を marks a direct object. This is a noun that has something done to it. For\nexample, it can be thrown, kicked, eaten, etc. Transitive verbs (verbs were\nsomething is done to something else) are what take を in this case.\n\n`To become` is a verb that does not take a direct object. It is an\nintransitive verb, meaning it happens on its own.\n\nIn English, some verbs are exclusively transitive (kick, throw, etc.). Some\nverbs can transitive and intransitive forms (`I open the door.` [transitive]\n`The door opened.` [intransitive]). Finally, some verbs are exclusively\nintransitive (to become.)\n\nに, as discussed previously can mark the result of a change. なる is a verb that\nindicates change, and as such requires that に be used in the formation. The に\nmarks what the final result of the transformation/change is becoming.\n\n50% of the time, you will see `noun + になる`, and occasionally, the other 50% of\nthe time you will see `adverb + なる` (なくなる, くらくなる, etc.).\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nLooking at the comment feed on the question, you ask for the following\ndistinction:\n\n> I mean difference between (noun)になる and (Adverb)なる.\n\n(noun)になる modifies another noun. The subject noun changes or becomes something\nelse (as marked by に)\n\n(Adverb)なる is slightly different, but it usually denotes a change in state,\nwhether it be atmospheric (socially or otherwise), or physical (living to\ndead, for example). While exceptions exist, this form is generally more\nsubtle.\n\n> So can you please tell me, whether the meaning would change and make a\n> difference between (noun)になる and (Adverb)なる.? E.g. Let's say in 家が赤くなっています\n> and 家が赤になっています\n\nUsing に：\n\n家が赤 **に** なっています。 Is saying that the house is becoming red (the noun). You are\nchanging its color to red (via paint, stucco, or some other means). This is a\nstronger, starker change than what you'd get with the adverb form.\n\nUsing the adverb:\n\n家が **赤く** なっています。 Is saying that the house (potentially of its own accord) is\nbecoming red. It could be a trick of the light, it could be that its rusting.\nThis change is typically more gradual, but it can also be used to denote that\nyou are affecting a change on it as well.\n\nBoth can be used in this sentence:\n\n> 青が大嫌いだから私はペンキを買いました。家が赤(く/に)なっています。\n\nOne indicates that the house is becoming red on its own (adverb), the other\nindicates that the house is changing as a result of something you are actively\ndoing (に). Which form you use will depend on how much you focus on your\nactions, as opposed to the changes that are happening to the house.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T14:58:24.090",
"id": "74249",
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"score": 3
}
] |
74248
|
74249
|
74249
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74252",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Simple question really, is の needed when describing genre? For example:\nホラー本が好きです or ホラーの本が好きです. SF本が嫌いです or SFの本が嫌いです. The same for music etc. Thank\nyou!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T17:11:19.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74251",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-04T17:26:07.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Is の needed when describing genre?",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you drop the の, you are effectively inventing a noun. This is grammatical\nand natural but will sound a bit colloquial as you are casually creating new\nnouns. It will also change how 本 is pronounced (`SFの本 -> SFのほん, SF本 -> SFぼん`).\n\nYou can apply the same logic to music in theory: e.g. 西洋の音楽->洋楽、日本の音楽->邦楽, but\nyou can't quite use it for genres (for example, it's unnatural to say\nジャズ楽、フォーク楽、ポップ楽 etc. because the genres are simply called ジャズ、フォーク、ポップ). It\nalso doesn't work with 曲.\n\nHard to explain why it works for 本 but not with 曲, but in case of 本, there are\nother \"synthesized\" nouns that are commonly used (like 漫画本、実用本) so it doesn't\nsound too strange. In 曲 you don't have such nouns so it sounds very odd.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-04T17:26:07.183",
"id": "74252",
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74251
|
74252
|
74252
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "74283",
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"body": "**Note from the OP: The original phrasing of the question was very unclear so,\nafter thinking this over a few times, I decided to rewrite this completely.\nPlease see[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/83467/can-\nintransitive-verbs-be-used-in-a-transitive-way-with-abstract-objects) for the\nnew question**\n\nIn other words, is it ever acceptable to use the を particle with an\nintransitive verb? (**other than in the exception mentioned below)\n\nFor example, the verb \"to run\" is usually an intransitive verb (just like the\nverbs walk, sleep, jump, grow, etc.), but it has a direct object in the phrase\n\"run a marathon\" or \"run a race\".\n\nSo, in Japanese would it be correct to say 「マラソンを走る」 or should one say\n「マラソンが走る」 or「マラソンで走る」 or something else?\n\nThere are other examples which (in English) might not be technically correct\nbut could be used in casual speech, for example \"to jump a jumping jack\" (vs.\n\"to do a jumping jack\")\n\nIn Japanese, would, for example 「ジャンピングジャックを跳ねる」 (as opposed to\n「ジャンピングジャックをする」) be acceptable in casual speech or would it sound extremely\nunnatural?\n\n**I know that there is a different meaning of を, where it doesn't indicated\ndirect object but functions similarly to に or で, for example:\n\n公園を走る ~ run around in the park.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Can one ever use an intransitive verb as a transitive verb?",
"view_count": 564
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[
{
"body": "If you are simply trying to have an object with an intransitive verb, the\nanswer is no. Intransitive verbs do not take on direct objects, and therefore\nwill never be used in conjunction with を marking the direct object.\n\nUsing を with intransitive verbs will most definitely sound unnatural. I got\ncalled out on it a lot as I was learning.\n\nYou can, however, use を to indicate a space traversed, or a location to pass.\nを is not exclusively limited to only one function. You can learn more about\nother functions [here](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/objects-of-\njapanese-verbs-with-particles-o-ni-and-to/).\n\n> So, in Japanese would it be correct to say 「マラソンを走る」 or should one say\n> 「マラソンが走る」 or something else?\n\nIn this case, it is actually 「マラソンを走る」. This is because を is not actually\nmarking a direct object. The marathon in this sentence is not the object you\ncan do things to, but rather a measured distance. We can consider it a space\nto be traversed. As you have noted, 公園を走る is grammatically correct. You can\nalso use it to indicate other places or distances you've run. This is the same\nfunction for を marking a space to be traversed or a location passed.\n\n「マラソンが走る」 is not grammatically correct. In literal translation, it's something\nto the effect of \"The marathon is running (using its legs).\" It doesn't work,\nbecause marathons aren't nouns that can do actions.\n\n「マラソンで走る」is also not grammatically correct. で [has several\nuses](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/particle-de-expressing-\nsupplementary-information/) including marking the place of an action or the\nmeans an action is done. In this case, the noun marathon is not a place, and\nit is not a means of running (though 道 (path) would be). The other uses for で\nwouldn't really fit here either.\n\n> In Japanese, would, for example 「ジャンピングジャックを跳ねる」 (as opposed to\n> 「ジャンピングジャックをする」) be acceptable in casual speech or would it sound extremely\n> unnatural?\n\n「ジャンピングジャックを跳ねる」Would be an unnatural phrase for two reasons. 1) Using an\nobject with an intransitive verb is not grammatically correct. 2)\n[跳ねる](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%B7%B3%E3%81%AD%E3%82%8B) tends to be more\nprancey and frolicsome. Jumping jacks aren't prancey or frolicsome, so it\nwould sound a little strange. I must admit that someone frolicking or prancing\ndoing jumping jacks would rather amusing to watch though.\n\nI think it is best to stick with「ジャンピングジャックをする」to avoid being potentially\nconfusing.",
"comment_count": 11,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-04T19:59:34.887",
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"body": "The post by ajsmart makes some good points.\n\nI'd like to add to that, since I also note that there's a key difference in\nterminology here that may be causing confusion.\n\n### English transitive / intransitive\n\nIn English, a transitive verb must take an object, and an intransitive verb\nmust not take an object. Also, transitivity is usually described in terms of\n**syntax** -- the structure of a particular sentence. A verb that has a direct\nobject in the sentence is _transitive_ , and a verb that has no direct object\nin that sentence is _intransitive_.\n\n * An English intransitive verb appears in the sentence _\"I eat\"_. The verb _\"eat\"_ here is an intransitive verb, without an object.\n\n * In contrast, an English transitive verb appears in the sentence _\"I eat an apple\"_. Here, the verb _\"eat\"_ is a transitive verb, with _\"an apple\"_ as its direct object.\n\n### Japanese \"transitive\" / \"intransitive\"\n\nIn Japanese, the Japanese term most often used as a rough equivalent for\n_\"transitive\"_ is 他動詞【たどうし】, and for _\"intransitive\"_ it's 自動詞【じどうし】. However,\nthe Japanese terms describe not the **syntax** of how a verb is used in any\ngiven sentence, but rather the **semantics** of what a verb means inherently.\nThat's why I put \"transitive\" and \"intransitive\" in quotes in the header here\n-- these are not quite the correct words to use for Japanese, strictly\nspeaking: a verb is a 自動詞 or a 他動詞 regardless of whether an object is included\nin the sentence.\n\n * A Japanese \"intransitive\" verb is described as a 自動詞【じどうし】, or literally a 自【じ】 \"self\" 動【どう】 \"acting\" 詞【し】 \"word\". The action of a 自動詞 primarily affects the **agent** of the verb, the person or thing doing the verb. \n\n * In contrast, a Japanese \"transitive\" verb is described as a 他動詞【たどうし】, or literally a 他【た】 \"other\" 動【どう】 \"acting\" 詞【し】 \"word\". The action of a 他動詞 primarily affects something _other_ than the agent of the verb.\n\n### Object marking with を\n\nGiven the difference in how verbs are described, it can catch English speakers\na bit off-guard when they first encounter sentences like 道【みち】を行【い】く, where\nthe \"intransitive\" verb 行【い】く suddenly has a direct object. The agent of the\nverb is the one affected by the action of 行【い】く, which is why this is\ndescribed in Japanese as a 自動詞【じどうし】. But we can still talk about the \"where\"\nof the action, which is how this を is used. The 道【みち】 in some ways is a kind\nof object, conceptually speaking, only in English, we would need to use\nlocational prepositions to make this grammatical, as in \" _[I] go **on** the\nstreet\"_ or _\"[I] go **along** the street\"_.\n\nMeanwhile, we must also note that the verb in 彼【かれ】は食【た】べる is still a\n他動詞【たどうし】 even without an explicitly mentioned object, since the action of the\nverb happens to something other than the agent.\n\n* * *",
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"body": "Intransitive verbs can never be used with を, **except** for expressions like\n「公園を歩く」, and at least **one other exception** , that of the **abstract\nobject** , also known as [**cognate\nobjects**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate_object) in linguistics.\n\nIn general, there are cases where a semantically intransitive verb (e.g. to\nlive, to die, to exist, to sleep) can take an \"abstract object\". In English,\nfor example, this occurs in the expression\n\n> \"to **die** a painful **death** \",\n\nwhere the abstract concept \"painful death\" is the object of the usually-\nintransitive verb \"to die\". These are called [cognate\nobjects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate_object) since the object is\netymologically related to the verb.\n\nIn Japanese, it seems that cognate objects are more rare that in other\nlanguages like English, but examples do exist.\n\nAt least, it seems that the phrase「死を死ぬ」exists, even though 死ぬ is an\nintransitive verb. For example, there is a song with the title\n\n> [「俺は俺の死を死にたい」](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iAAwsYylaI)\n>\n> \"I want to die my death\"\n\nAnother example is 「人生を生きる」\"to live life\"\n\nIn the song \"Aruite ikou\" by\n[Ikimonogakari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikimonogakari), there is the\nline\n\n> 僕は「今」を生きていくよ\n>\n> I'm going to go live \"the present\"\n\nOr more idiomatically, \"I'm going to live in the present\"\n\nNote that not some cognate objects are merely normal objects of transitive\nverbs. For example in \"to sing a song\" or 「歌を歌う」, both \"song\" and 「歌」are\ncognates of their respective verbs, but \"sing\" is a transitive verb.\n\nConversely there are cases where an intransitive verb takes an abstract object\nthat is **not cognate** to the verb, such as 「人生を生きる」\n\n(So **\" abstract object\"** is the more appropriate terminology but I'm not\nsure if there is a proper linguistic term for that.)",
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"creation_date": "2020-02-06T20:06:11.700",
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74253
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74283
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74254
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"body": "> 「まぁ、よくも、こんな重大{じゅうだい}な事件{じけん}を視聴者{しちょうしゃ}に説明{せつめい}もせず、しれーっといてられるなと思{おも}います。」\n\nHow could they do that without explaining?\n\nTo me, this might also mean: Well, how could they dare do that without\nexplaining? Well how dare they do that without explaining!\n\nしれっと - as if nothing happened いてられる - is some Kansai dialect thing for いる\n\nHow they go together grammatically I don't know for sure, but I'll just have\nto take it at face value and just memorize this phrase as the translations I\nprovided above. Often times I will just remember a set phrase as is without\ngetting too technical in it, although I always like to dissect the grammar\nwhenever possible.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-05T03:30:39.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74258",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-09T08:30:44.397",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-09T08:30:44.397",
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"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"syntax",
"kana"
],
"title": "しれーっといてられるなと思います",
"view_count": 252
}
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[
{
"body": "As you already know, you can parse it as:\n\n> 『まぁ、よくも、こんな重大な事件を視聴者に説明もせず、しれーっといてられるな。』と思います。\n\n> しれっと - as if nothing happened \n> いてられる - is some Kansai dialect thing for いる\n\nYes, you're basically correct.\n\n(I first thought the いてられる should be a typo for して(い)られる but after some\nresearch I found in [this video](https://youtu.be/iRi4od_Thus?t=169) the\nspeaker clearly says しれーっと、いてられるな. According to\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%9D%E5%BF%97#%E6%9D%A5%E6%AD%B4)\nhe was born and grew up in Osaka.)\n\n「しれっと」,「しれーっと」 or 「シレっと」 means 「何事もなかったかのように、平然としているさま」 (『明鏡国語辞典』),\n\"nonchalantly\" \"as if nothing happened\".\n\nいてられる here is Kansai dialect for いられる(居られる) \"can be (there)\" \"can stay\", which\nis the potential form of いる. Here in Kansai, especially in Osaka, we say\nいてる(居てる) to mean いる(居る).\n\nYou're also right that 善くも means \"How can you have the nerve\". \nよくも is often used with a potential form: \n「よくも～～られるな！」-- \"How can you/they have the nerve to do...!\" \"How dare\nyou/they...!\"\n\nSo, よくも[...]しれーっといてられるな、と思います here literally means:\n\n> I think \"How can they have the nerve to stay, as if nothing had happened.\"",
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74258
| null |
74290
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"body": "I was translating an academic paper that quoted some articles that were\nwritten before WW2, and I came across the expressions [noun]+たらしむべく and きたらしめる\n(from 来る) for the first time.\n\nThanks to\n[these](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13101111903)\n[posts/articles](https://biz.trans-suite.jp/1594), I was able to translate the\npassages. But what struck me as interesting is that the person who answered\nthe Yahoo!知恵袋 question said \"if you had to forcibly translate [noun]+たらしむべく\nliterally to get your point across, you might say であらさせるために, but this is\nridiculous, so the old expression lives on in modern Japanese.\"\n\nAre there any other 漢文・古文-type expressions that remain common in contemporary\nwritten Japanese? Is there a collective name for them?\n\nI tried to Google it (sort of) and I found せしむるべし, which I also remember\nseeing somewhere once.\n\nI'm looking for expressions that would prompt an average contemporary native\nspeaker to post a question on Yahoo! Answers. I'm already familiar with stuff\nlike べき・べく・べし, 〜ざるを得ない, using き・し instead of い as adjective endings (良き・良し).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-05T09:13:05.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74260",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36780",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese",
"written-language",
"kanbun"
],
"title": "漢文・古文-type expressions that survive in modern Japanese",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "I firstly thought 古語 or 古典語 would be the collective name you're looking for,\nbut they are the Japanese in and before Meiji era, which seems to be too much\nolder than those you are looking for.\n\nSpeaking of 漢文・古文-type expressions, 時代劇doramas or movies are another place we\ncan find a lot of old-style-like Japanese. Those are understood in general but\nactually never used in daily life either in spoken or written Japanese.\n\nI found [a research paper which studies about such old\nexpressions](https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/26221/26316_%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87.pdf),\nin which those are named 擬似古語. Have a look at page 25 - 31, page 43 - 80, and\npage 183 - 200 in the paper. They could be interesting for you.",
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74260
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{
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"body": "We all know that に indicates the position of the object (i.e. where it is). I\njust came across a sentence where の was used to indicate position with respect\nto objects.\n\n> ねこはテーブルの上。In here the cat is on the table.\n\nSo, my question is shouldn't we use に instead of の as a position marker.\nThereby making the sentence to :\n\n> ねこはテーブルに上. The cat is on the table\n\nlike we do in other scenarios? (Eg. 店は角にあります \"shop is on the corner\"or\nあそこに家があります \"The house is over there\"). In these scenarios (as that of\nexamples), we are marking the position as well, like we are doing when we\nindicate the position of the cat.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-05T10:18:33.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74261",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-05T14:58:37.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-05T14:58:03.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "の and に difference in position maker",
"view_count": 175
}
|
[
{
"body": "> We all know that に indicates the position of the object (i.e. where it is).\n\nWell, not exactly. に indicates the location of existence, but in connection to\nverbs. In other words it indicates the location that a _verb_ happens, or\nwhere you intend the verb to happen. You cannot, therefore use に to indicate\nwhere an item is.\n\nIn your example sentences 店は角にあります, and あそこに家があります, your verb is ある, or to\nexist (for inanimate objects). You will probably learn more about this later,\nbut 家があります is actually a verb phrase, meaning that the に in the sentence still\nmodifies ある, even though there is a noun (家) between the particle and the\nverb.\n\n* * *\n\nAs you have probably no doubt learned by now, の is a possessive term for nouns\n(i.e. ' _my_ radio'). While many grammar books will tell us the location of a\nnoun can also be denoted by の (like\n[this](https://www.punipunijapan.com/grammar-lesson-3-particle-%E3%81%AE-no/)\none), I prefer to think if the の as possessive still.\n\nSo when we say things like ベッドの上, I think 'the bed's top.' Using the の to\nindicate position describes where an _item_ is. の cannot be used to modify a\nverb, as is with the case with に.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-05T14:53:09.600",
"id": "74264",
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74261
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74264
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74264
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{
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"body": "I came across a sentence which had かぶらず. As, per the picture, the meaning is\nnothing to wear on head. However, I was trying to figure out whether かぶらず is\npart of conjugation of the verb かぶる, however, many websites were not showing\nsuch conjugation, and the meaning of word かぶらず for that matter. Thereafter, I\ngoogled it and found it meant not wearing.\n\nSo\n\n> my question is; whether is かぶらず is the conjugation of かぶる or is it something\n> else?\n>\n> Is it some sort of a negative form to be used with particle も which also has\n> the function of showing nothingness?\n\nSecondly, I just wanted to seek clarification on usage of particle に, are we\nusing this particle and not が, because if we use that particle it would me, my\nhead has nothing to wear, which can also be misunderstood as, my head,\nliterally has nothing to wear, which would be different from there is nothing\nto put on my head, which the author is trying to show.\n\nThanks :)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8Pv9l.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-05T13:05:47.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74262",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T14:19:36.190",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-06T14:19:36.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of “かぶらず” and usage of に",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "> かぶる - base form\n>\n> かぶら - negative/irrealis/mizen form\n>\n> かぶらず - add the negation ず.\n\nず is a way of negating a verb that is more old fashioned/formal/archaic. It's\nstill used quite often though. Here is a link to an answer about ず: [What is\nthe difference between the negative forms -ず and\n-ぬ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/235/what-is-the-difference-\nbetween-the-negative-forms-%E3%81%9A-and-%E3%81%AC)\n\nAs for the に, I suppose the simple answer is that 被る{かぶる} is a transitive\n(他動詞) verb and the に indicates the indirect object. The direct object would be\nsomething like a hat, which you could put on. But then, there is the question\nof where you put the hat. The answer is: on your head.\n\n> 頭に帽子を被る = (I) put a hat on my head.\n>\n> 頭に被る = on my head",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2020-02-05T13:29:36.063",
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"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 彼がやらせてほしいと言う以上、見込みがあってのことだろう。やらせてみたらどうか。責任は私が負う。\n\n\"There must be something to it if he's saying that we should let him do it.\nHow about we just let him? I'll take full responsibility.\" At least that's how\nI'd understand the sentence. What I'm unsure though is how ～以上 and ～あっての work\ntogether.\n\n「～以上」＝「～だから、当然・必ず～」 「～あっての」＝「～があって、はじめて可能な～」\n\nI just don't see how these two are supposed to work together here. \"Because\nhe's saying that we should let him do, there must be something to it - but\n**because** there is something to it (expectations for the future?), he's\nsaying that we should let him do it?\" You see what I'm trying to get at here?\n\nAlso how exactly does「見込み」work here? Is it the expectation the guy, who wants\nto be allowed to do it, has or is it from the point of view of the speaker of\nthe sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T01:18:29.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74267",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T02:48:50.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35224",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do ～以上 and ～あっての work in the same sentence?",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "「以上」 from [jisho.com](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A) :\n\n> since ...; seeing that ...\n\nAnd the 「見込み」 is the expectation of the one who is asking the be allowed to do\nit.\n\nSo the whole sentence should be :\n\n**Since** he is saying the we should let him do it, he must have some\nexpectations (in achieving it) (so that he is asking for the permission).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T02:35:53.193",
"id": "74269",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T02:35:53.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "903",
"parent_id": "74267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": ">\n> 「彼{かれ}がやらせてほしいと言{い}う以上{いじょう}、見込{みこ}みがあってのことだろう。やらせてみたらどうか。責任{せきにん}は私{わたし}が負{お}う。」\n\nThe first sentence, as well as the whole passage, makes perfect sense. It uses\nthe combination of 「以上」 and 「あっての」 correctly and naturally.\n\n> 「～以上」＝「～だから、当然・必ず～」\n\nThis equation makes me feel unsure if you are understanding the meaning of\n「以上」 in the particular context in question. To me, it looks as though this\ninterpretation would be applicable if one were talking about a law or rule\nmaking one act in a certain way.\n\nThe passage is all about the speaker's enormous amount of trust in 「彼」 and his\nabilities. Thus, 「以上」 here would simply mean \" ** _seeing that_** \" or \" **\n_as long as_** \".\n\n「見込み」 refers to the (rather high) possibility of success that 「彼」 himself must\nbe seeing in this task/project/challenge. This, of course, is the speaker's\nconjecture which is clear from the use of 「ことだろう」. Again, this optimistic\nconjecture is based on the speaker's trust of 「彼」.\n\nIn other words, the speaker (who must be 彼's boss) is saying:\n\n> \"彼 would not be requesting to take on the job if 彼 were not confident enough\n> to pull it off. So, let's let him do it! I'll bear the consequences\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T02:48:50.793",
"id": "74270",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T02:48:50.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
74267
| null |
74270
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is an extract I am trying to translate\n\n> 次期族長に期待されているが \n> 村の外の話を聞くことが好きな \n> 好奇心旺盛な側面もあるようだ。\n\nFrom my understanding and the posts I have read here, 好きな means \"favorite\" or\n\"which one likes\". But I don't understand how it works in this whole sentence,\nor how it connects to the said person having a side of him that is filled with\ncuriosity.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T11:18:31.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74273",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T14:58:26.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-06T13:33:14.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "36790",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does the 好きな do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 413
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 次期族長{じきぞくちょう}に期待{きたい}されているが\n>\n> 村{むら}の外{そと}の話{はなし}を聞{き}くことが好{す}きな\n>\n> 好奇心旺盛{こうきしんおうせい}な側面{そくめん}もあるようだ。\n\n「好き **な** 」 is the 連体形{れんたいけい} (\"attributive form\") of the na-adjective 「好き」.\nWhat that means is that it modifies a _**noun**_.\n\nIn this sentence, both\n\n「村の外の話を聞くことが好き **な** 」 and 「好奇心旺盛 **な** 」 are adjectival phrases that modify\nthe noun 「側面」 (\"side, aspect\"). Thus, this person seems to have that aspect\n（あるようだ） described by the two phrases above.\n\nHope you are following all this. Since you are new here, I have no idea how\nmuch Japanese you already know.\n\n> \"[The unmentioned subject], who is expected to become the next chief/leader\n> seems to have a side filled with curiosity, loving to hear/learn about the\n> world outside of the village.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T14:58:26.163",
"id": "74282",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T14:58:26.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74273",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
74273
| null |
74282
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74278",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was practicing some writing and attempted to write the following sentence\n\n> Where can I find the cat food?\n\nI originally wrote\n\n> 僕は **どこが** 猫用の食べ物を見つけられますか。\n\nHowever I was corrected to\n\n> 僕は **どこで** 猫用の食べ物を見つけられますか。\n\nWhat is the difference between the two sentences? Why is どこが wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T12:26:44.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74277",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T13:24:24.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Difference between どこが and どこで in sentence",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "どこが is wrong (here) as the place is not the subject of that sentence. Imagine\nto replace it with the position of the cat food: (wrong) 僕はトイレが猫用の食べ物を見つけられます.\nHere you probably wouldn't even consider saying it in this way.\n\nSo the right thing to do is to use で for the place you do the action\n(searching), therefore also for the question word that asks for this place.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T12:59:16.980",
"id": "74278",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T12:59:16.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35365",
"parent_id": "74277",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The answer might be grammatical but it sounds slightly off, you want to say\n\nNeko no esa wa doko ni arimasu ka.\n\nThe whole \"where can I find\" idiom doesn't make sense in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T13:24:24.063",
"id": "74279",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-06T13:24:24.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74277",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
74277
|
74278
|
74279
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "74285",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It comes from the full sentence\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Cas7W.png)\n\nThe portion before the comma I translated as \"I noticed that/a guy\", as the\ncharacter just woke up in a dark room and is hearing voices around him in the\ndim light. The portion after the comma I am confused about. Does it mean\nanything literally? I think it's basically a string of particles with a\n\"questioning\" {{JP:ねえ}}, an \"inquisitive/forceful\" {{JP:のか}}, and a determined\n{{JP:よ}}. With that I guess that it gives the reader the feeling that the\ncharacter is uncertain whether to be happy or afraid that he/she has noticed\nthis other person.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T21:12:47.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74284",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-11T18:43:38.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does 「いねえのかよ」mean?",
"view_count": 2198
}
|
[
{
"body": "～かよ tends to be a rough way of expressing surprise, like when you look at your\nwatch and see it's already 11:30 PM. もうこんな時間かよ？！\n\nAdditionally, わかるやつ here does not - and cannot - mean 'I noticed that guy'.\nThe word わかる here is an entire relative clause modifying やつ, so わかるやつ is 'a\nperson/people who understand(s)/know(s)'.\n\nYour understanding of ～ねえ here is wrong as well. It's not an elongated ね;\nrather it's a slangy pronunciation of ～ない. いねえ is a rough, slangy いない.\n\nAccordingly the sentence わかるやつ、いねえのかよ means something like 'Come on, ain't\nthere anybody who understands/knows?!'\n\nBy the way, it's a much better idea to show us the surrounding sentences\nrather than simply explaining the context yourself.\n\nPS: Now that I know what you were reading and have been able to look up the\ncontext myself, it looks like the meaning was 'Ain't there anybody who knows\nwhere we are?!'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T21:35:01.510",
"id": "74285",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-11T18:43:38.237",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-11T18:43:38.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "74284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
] |
74284
|
74285
|
74285
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "All the information I try to find on dearu grammar rules, I only manage to\nfind forum answers that it's a formal, written replacement of desu/da.\n\nHowever sentences like \"私の責任｛せきにん｝であることは承知｛しょうち｝します。\" where it's used in the\nmiddle of sentences clearly don't allow for a desu/da to be inserted\nhaphazardly. I could see that people would want to use dearu beyond formality\nso as to use the sentence structure to fit in more details into one sentence\ninstead of ending it with \"私の責任です。承知します。\"?\n\nWhat are the grammar rules for dearu besides the obvious replacement for\ndesu/da that clearly does not encompass nearly everything function of dearu",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-06T23:26:26.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "74286",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T06:35:39.200",
"last_edit_date": "2021-05-02T06:35:39.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "27424",
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Language rules of である beyond simply replacing です、だ",
"view_count": 8984
}
|
[
{
"body": "This question seems rather open-ended to me.\n\nSubordinate clauses you mentioned. Another common use of de aru is in negating\nadjectives:\n\n元気でない\n\n> However sentences like \"watashi no sekinin de aru koto ha shouchishiteimasu\"\n> where it's used in the middle of words clearly don't allow for a desu/da to\n> be inserted haphazardly.\n\nI'm not so sure about that, you can easily modify that to \"Watashi no sekinin\nda to iu koto wa shouchi shite imasu\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-07T00:17:11.223",
"id": "74288",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-07T00:17:11.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "74286",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Your understanding of `dearu` is correct. I think the point that makes it\nconfusing for you here is `koto`. The word represents something like `the fact\nthat` or `the matter that` in English, and you can have a complete single\nsentence before it.\n\nThere are some varieties in the use of `koto`, so how about digging into it\nand learn this useful word? I think [this\ncolumn](https://kawakawalearningstudio.com/all/koto-mean-using-koto/) is\nexplaining it well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-02-07T01:21:08.940",
"id": "74289",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-07T01:21:08.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36794",
"parent_id": "74286",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> …on dearu grammar rules, I only manage to find forum answers that it's a\n> formal, written replacement of desu/da.\n\nIndeed, as you mentioned, である can replace だ/です for formality; notably in\nliterature. This much is true.\n\n> …where it's used, in the middle of [a sentence], clearly [doesn't] allow for\n> …desu/da to be inserted haphazardly.\n\nCorrect, that's an important observation. In the famous book _A Dictionary of\nIntermediate Japanese Grammar_ , they explain that である can also be used as a\n\"prenominal form\" in the middle of sentences, whilst だ and です cannot.\n\nThis raises the question: _\" What is a prenominal form?\"_\n\nIt means である must precede a noun and somehow connect a description to it. It's\nlike the formal version of the 「の」 particle, which incidentally is\ninterchangeable with である in many such cases.\n\nIn your example, である has effectively replaced the 「の」 particle to make the\nsentence more formal.\n\nI've included a reference with the page number for your further reading. I\nknow you asked this question a year ago, but the answer I found is quite\ndifferent to the answers that already exist here, so I hope this helps!\n\n* * *\n\n**Reference:** Makino, Seiichi; Tsutsui, Michio (1995). A Dictionary of\nIntermediate Japanese Grammar (50 ed.). Tokyo, Japan: The Japan Times. p. 33.\nISBN 978-47-89007-75-7.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-04-29T19:01:54.590",
"id": "86380",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T14:42:52.830",
"last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T14:42:52.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "27424",
"owner_user_id": "27424",
"parent_id": "74286",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "I think it must be pointed out, that lack of spaces in the Japanese language\nis causing some confusion here.\n\nThe use of である that you quote here\n\n私の責任であることは承知します。\n\nis not one suffix word である as in 吾輩は猫である。\n\nわたし の せきにん で ある こと は しょうち します\n\nBreak it down and you see what's happening here. The \"で\" here is the same as\nthe \"で\" in:\n\n今日 で 春休み は おわり です。\n\nSo, don't smush the で and ある together and try to make sense of it as である.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-02T05:46:44.243",
"id": "86438",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T05:46:44.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14444",
"parent_id": "74286",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
74286
| null |
86380
|
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