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"body": "I'm trying to figure out differences in meaning in nuance among all the ways\nto express X that Y.\n\nAs in:\n\n> こんなによく遅刻をする **というの** は問題ですよ。\n>\n> \"It's a problem **that** you're late this often,\" or \" **That** you're late\n> this often is a problem.\"\n>\n> 彼女が金を貸してくれた **ということ** は私は彼に信用されているということだ。\n>\n> \"The most interesting thing was **that** the main character was the\n> criminal,\" or \" **That** the main character was the criminal was the most\n> interesting thing.\"\n\nMy questions:\n\n * Do [these](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1396/38808) guidelines for choosing の/こと apply to the use of ということ and というの? If so, those guidelines don't seem to be followed in a lot of the example sentences I've read.\n * Am I overcomplicating this? I've read and heard suggestions it's as simple as: の and こと both correspond to \"that\" when used as complementizers, and the preceding という just [serves to highlight or foreground](https://artshumanitieshawaii.org/assets/wang%2C-yan---when-and-why-to-add-to-iu.pdf) the clause appearing before it. [This answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/12611/38808) seems to jive with that interpretation.\n * Building off the previous question, and at the risk of sounding like I'm requesting the shameful \"word-for-word translation\" -- could it be as simple as, こと and の (with their respective restrictions as nominalizers) correspond to \"that,\" and という+nominalizer corresponds roughly to \"the fact that\"? As in: こんなによく遅刻をする **こと** は... would mean **that** you are late this often...\" and こんなによく遅刻をする **ということ** は... would mean **the fact that** you are late this often...\" Is this correct?\n * Ultimately, what I'm trying to figure out is the differences in usage/meaning/nuance in the following sentences:\n\n> こんなによく遅刻をする **というの** は問題です。\n>\n> こんなによく遅刻をする **の** は問題です。\n>\n> こんなによく遅刻をする **ということ** は問題です。\n>\n> こんなによく遅刻をする **こと** は問題です。\n\nI know there must be a few dozen explanations on the internet, including a lot\non stackexchange, but they often don't agree or they only cover phrases like\n\"so that means...\" rather than complementizers.\n\nThe most thorough explanation I've found is in the _Dictionary of Intermediate\nJapanese Grammar_.\n\nThe way they it treat it is sort of convoluted, though.\n\nExcerpt:\n\n```\n\n S to iu koto wa is used when the speaker / writer views the content of S at a\n conceptual leve!・ Specifically, S to iu koto wa is used (1)when S is unlikely\n or impossible (e.g・,KS(A) and Ex.(a)), or (2) when the speaker / writer\n concludes or attempts to conclude s.t. from S (e.g., KS(B) and (C), and\n Exs.(b)-(g))・\n First, S koto cannot be used when S is unlikely to happen. In this case, S to\n iu koto is used, as in [1].\n [1]a.彼がこの集まりに来ない｛という/*0 ｝ことは考えられない。\n (=KS(A))\n b.これだけ丁寧に説明すれば,分からない｛という/*0! ことはあ\n り得ない。(=Ex.(a))\n Third, if S represents something likely to happen, both S koto and S to iu\n koto are acceptable, as in [4], In this case the speaker / writer may view the\n situation at either a concrete level or a conceptual level.\n [4] 彼がこの集まりに来ない｛0/という｝ことは雜かだ。\n (It is certain that he will not come to this meeting.)\n \n```\n\nI didn't see an explanation of exactly what the authors mean by \"conceptual\"\nand \"concrete,\" and there doesn't seem to be a corresponding section for というの\nused to mean \"that\" or \"the fact that.\"\n\nOther explanations seem to disagree with the DIJG.\n\nInterestingly, I've seen a number of questions on hinative about\nの/こと/というの/ということ used as complementizers, and a lot of the native answers are\nliterally just \"こと is natural.\" I feel like that has to be worth considering\nif it's straight from native speakers, but I wonder if it might fall short\nwhen you're trying to enable yourself to use Japanese for professional\npurposes in professional settings.\n\nAnd then [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/34042/38808) answer from\na native here on stackexchange suggests it's the other way around.\n\nMy current theory is that out of the examples above, こんなによく遅刻をする **というの**\nは問題です sounds most natural/is most grammatical because the addressee being late\nand that being a problem occur in concert (の) and because という foregrounds the\nphrase it nominalizes, which seems in keeping with the speaker's intent.\n\nThanks in advance for any help you can offer.",
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"nuances"
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"title": "の ⋆ こと ⋆ というの ⋆ ということ Used as Complementizers",
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"body": "> Do these guidelines for choosing の/こと apply to the use of ということ and というの? If\n> so, those guidelines don't seem to be followed in a lot of the example\n> sentences I've read.\n\nIn the sense that you should keep collocation with predicates, basically yes.\nIn the sense that you can add という, no.\n\n> Am I overcomplicating this? I've read and heard suggestions it's as simple\n> as: の and こと both correspond to \"that\" when used as complementizers, and the\n> preceding という just serves to highlight or foreground the clause appearing\n> before it. This answer seems to jive with that interpretation.\n\nTechnically yes, but practically, there's preference in usage depending on\ncollocation.\n\n * 教えること：(1) things to teach (2) teaching / (the fact) that you teach\n\nAs long as the latter usage, it's semantically the same as 教えるということ. This is\nbecause the structure of AというB is interpreted as apposition. In this sense,\nyou can say \"technically yes\". However, you practically don't really apply it\nto individual instances like こんなによく遅刻をするということ unless the predicate is the kind\nof …ということだ or …というわけだ meaning \"(clause) means (clause)\" or \"you can infer that\n... from the fact that ...\".\n\n> And then this answer from a native here on stackexchange suggests it's the\n> other way around.\n\nYou are applying it to a collocation with a different predicate.\n\n> こんなによく遅刻をするというのは問題です\n\nThis という seems a filler. In other words, it's more wordy than\nこんなによく遅刻をするのは問題です, which is the most plain and straightforward.\n\n> こんなによく遅刻をするということは問題です\n\nAs I said above, this could be a bit awkward, but we may say it nevertheless.\n\n> こんなによく遅刻をすることは問題です\n\nThis feels a bit more serious than 遅刻するのは for some reason.\n\n> S to iu koto wa is used when the speaker / writer views the content of S at\n> a conceptual leve!\n\nThis seems to some extent reasonable.\n\n> [1]a.彼がこの集まりに来ない｛という/*0 ｝ことは考えられない。\n\nI disagree. φ seems fine to me.\n\n> これだけ丁寧に説明すれば,分からない｛という/*0! ことはありえない\n\nThis is reasonable. φ seems to mean \"there can't be anything unintelligible\".\nTechnically, という version can mean that too, though.",
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"body": "I am trying to understand もの completely but I fail to understand it and mix up\nthe meanings sometimes. I know that ものだ can mean that you want to emphasis\nsomething you feel etc according to [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43083/the-meanings-\nof-%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0), I've also read that sometimes it almost has\nthe same meaning as べき, and sometimes to state a fact. According to that post\nthere are a group for \"Advice based on common sense\" and one for \"General\ntendencies and cold facts.\"\n\nBut I can't tell how to translate sentence like this:\n\n子供: 「もう勉強したくないよぉ。」 母:「学生は勉強するものでしょ」\n\nMy translation Child: I don't wanna study anymore! Mother: But students\n**should** study right? (Advice based on common sense)\n\nOR is it interpreted as \nChild: I don't wanna study anymore! Mother: But students study right? (General\ntendencies and cold facts)\n\nAnother example\n\n恋人がいれば、楽しくなるものですよ My translation: If I had someone, I would have fun.\n\nActually after thinking of this sentence, it probably is this group: General\ntendencies and cold facts. Also what would be the difference if it was not\nwritten with ものです in the end like 恋人がいれば、楽しくなる?",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "which meaning does ものだ have here?",
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{
"body": "# Different grammatical usages of もの\n\nThe _formal noun_ もの can have a few different meanings and usages. The \"Fun\nwith Grammar\" initiative by the Japan Foundation distinguishes two cases\nconcerning もの, the [first\ncase](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/teach/tsushin/grammar/201206.html)\nexplains the usage of もの at the end of the sentence, whereas the [second\ncase](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/teach/tsushin/grammar/201209.html)\nexplains the usage of もの in the middle of sentence. Since your question falls\nwithin the first category, where もの is used at the end, I will only talk about\nthat category.\n\n# 1. Four main usages of もの at the end of a sentence\n\nAs pointed out in [l'électeur's\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/43127/39516), using もの at the end\nof the sentence is often used to express these four distinct nuances:\n\n 1. To describe the true nature or an ideal state of something (l'électeur: cold facts)\n 2. To express advice, warning or admonition (l'électeur: common sense)\n 3. To express admiration or strong feelings for something in general (l'électeur: deep emotion)\n 4. To express nostalgic feelings when looking back at life (l'électeur: recollection)\n\nExample sentences:\n\n### True nature\n\n> 人の性格はなかなか変わらないものだ。\n>\n> People don't easily change.\n\n_The speaker may be speaking from personal experience, noticing a pattern._\n\n### Advice/warning\n\n> 学生はもっと勉強するものだ。\n>\n> Students should study more.\n\n_The speaker might be a teacher who has noticed a decline in marks over time._\n\n### Admiration/strong feelings\n\n> 人生はすばらしいものだ。\n>\n> Life is beautiful.\n\n_The speaker carefully assessed their opinion on life, and perhaps concluded\nthat the positive aspects of life greatly outweigh the negative ones._\n\n### Nostalgia\n\n> あのころは、どこの家でも酒を作っていたものだ。\n>\n> Back in the day, every household would brew their own sake.\n\n_The speaker was alive back then, and happens to remember that fact._\n\n# 2. Further nuances\n\nWhile l'électeur's answer touches on the same four usages as the Japan\nFoundation's web page, another implied nuance is that the speaker (who uses\nもの) is addressing the topic in a more distantiated and indirect way. This in\nturn implies that the speaker is trying to be objective. The speaker might\nhave the relevant expertise to make certain claims, or they might have\nassessed a certain topic very carefully before forming an opinion about it. In\norder not to repeat the same examples, I have attempted to explain why each\nexample can be considered objective above in italic.\n\nAccording to the Japan Foundation, here's when and why もの would be\nappropriate:\n\n 1. The speaker has significant experience or knowledge about a topic\n 2. The listener is not experienced **OR** the speaker is talking to themselves\n 3. The speaker is talking indirectly and/or objectively about the topic\n 4. The speaker takes their time to form an opinion, rather than expressing a casual opinion\n\n# 3. To answer your question\n\nThis もの（だ・です） construction has a rather serious and reflective tone, which\ndoes not easily lend itself to casual conversation. In the first conversation\nbetween the student and their mother, this tone is appropriate. The mother,\nmuch like any parent, wants to make sure her child studies hard and admonishes\nthem when she fears that her child will not do well in school.\n\nFor the second example, I'm assuming you're reflecting about how you think\nyour life would be if you had a lover. This is also an appropriate scenario to\nuse もの. However, if you were casually talking to someone about being in a\nrelationship, then that same sentence could come off as cold or even as\npatronising.\n\nAs an aside, when you're talking to yourself, you don't have to use the polite\nform です or the particle よ.\n\nHope this helps!",
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"body": "I have question regarding the following sentence in English:\n\nI also think that holidays are good and people need it.\n\nAt first I came up with this:\n\n> 私も休日がよくて人はそれがいると思います。\n\nBut I am not sure whether this would be the better solution?\n\n> 私も人は休日が要ってこれがよいと思います。\n\nIs there a specific order or rule I can apply to this?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-10T20:51:11.783",
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"tags": [
"syntax",
"phrases",
"sentence",
"grammar"
],
"title": "思います grammar including て-Form",
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{
"body": "The outer (or main) clause is just fine; 私も～と思います means \"I also think that ～\".\nBut the inner clause (the opinion itself) has several errors.\n\n 1. First, you must use は instead of the first が, because \"holidays are good\" is a generic statement that is supposed to be always true. これがよい only means \"this one is the better one (than the other one)\".\n\n> 休日はよくて人はそれがいる\n\n 2. よい/いい is a [tricky adjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/57912/5010) which may mean the opposite of what you think. To avoid this, you should use もの (\"thing\") and say 休日はよいものだ (literally \"Holidays are good things\").\n\n> 休日はよいもので、人はそれがいる\n\n 3. 人はそれがいる is not 100% wrong in casual settings, but normally you need に before this は. This use of それ is a bit odd because それ usually refers to a specified singular object. You can repeat 休日, or omit it altogether because it can be inferred. 必要 fits better in a formal sentence.\n\n> 休日はよいもので、人には必要だ\n\nAll in all, you can say:\n\n> * 私も、休日はよいもので、人には必要だと思います。\n> * 私も、休日はよいもので、人間に必要なものだと思います。\n> * 休日はよいものであり、人間は休日を必要としている、と私も考えます。\n>",
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"body": "How do I understand how 求められる様に modifies the below?\n\n何度もキスをする Would just just simply mean that they kissed many times.\n\nObviously 求められる is the passive form of 求める which means to want/request/seek.\nSince this is in the passive form I think this is referring to the person he\nis kissing (i.e. the other person is the one doing the verb 求める) but it is\nstill not clear to me what this means.\n\n更に何度も **求められる様にキス** をする",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
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"title": "Meaning of 求められる様にキス",
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"body": "I think whenever you meet sentences that you think are complex, you should\nbreak them down into the most basic parts and try to understand the sentence\nas you piece it together.\n\n> 求められる \n> to be desired for\n\nAs you said, this is the passive of 求める. If someone is 求められる, then they are\nbeing yearned for.\n\n> 求められるように \n> as if (I) was being yearned for.\n\nように is being modified by the clause before it. 求められる modifies よう here.\n\n> 求められるようにキスする \n> kissing as if (I) was being yearned for.\n\nように modifies キスする. How is he/she kissing? As if they are being yearned for.\nObviously, with the lack of context, I cannot give you a very good translation\nbecause I do not know who is doing the kissing, but here is the gist of it:\n\n> 更に何度も求められる様にキスをする \n> literal translation: (We) kissed multiple times as if (I) was being yearned\n> for. \n> natural translation: We kissed again and again, as if (he/she) wanted (me).",
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"body": "I am having a bit of trouble figuring out which of these is for what; which i\nhave to admit as i am learning more ways to say the same thing then the\npolite, humble ways to say one or more of those i am getting more and more\nconfused. Ideally i would like a good resource to sift through such examples\nand clarify which situations belong to which. If you have such a resource i\nwould really appreciate it i will try and piece together my understanding of\nthe \"to give\" i have in my list.\n\nくれる this one isn't even give its receive, sender is subject and\nspeaker/recipient is marked with に.\n\nもらう this one is receive but is the reverse of the particles of くれる\n\nあげる this one is give for most things with speaker subject and recipient marked\nwith に。\n\n施す this one seems to be used when the speaker is donating to someone/thing\nspeaker is likely the subject followed by に for the recipient.\n\n与える I think this is to award or bestow something on someone of lower standing\nthan yourself. 下さる this says its honorific of to bestow i think its maybe the\nhonorific of あたえる does this means its like bestowing something to someone of\nhigher social standing than the presenter? Like a swordsmith presenting a\nsword to a samurai or something? 授ける is maybe to bestow or award something of\nsimilar social standing but i am not sure.\n\n贈る i think this is used for giving a present 差し上げる appears to be the humble\nversion of あげる but also can be used to graciously offer something? if i\nremember correctly it cannot be used like てあげる? 給う is honorific version of\nsomething? maybe means to give?\n\n賜る seems to be a way of humbling speaking about something received.\n\nI realize this may look like there is a lot because i am combining receive and\ngive (though my resource lists all as give.) but i have several other such\nexamples that are unclear. if you look at what to use for the English word\n\"clear\" or \"to hit\" you will run into at least as much confusion.",
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"tags": [
"verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Looking for help sorting out how some verbs work and hopefully a good resource for sorting such things out",
"view_count": 54
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{
"body": "「くれる」、「もらう」、「あげる」is a special words describing direction of verb. (Of course\nit's can be used as usual words too)\n\nExplanation below is not theoretical stuff but my own experience. And English\nis not my mother language, so my explanation may be little bit complicated\n\nUsing these words we can understand if A person doing something for B person\nor opposite. In English We have at least 「I」and 「Me」, and that is helps to\nunderstand meaning. In Japanese we have only 「私」. And 私 = I = Me = Mine ...\n\nSo, how we use special direction words:\n\nくれる → Someone do something for me \nあげる → I do something for someone \nもらう → I get something from someone\n\nExample: I get a gift from friend\n\n（私に）「友達が」プレゼントしてくれる → friend gives me a gift \n（私が）「友達に」プレゼントしてもらう → I get a gift from friend \n（私が）「友達に」プレゼントしてあげる → I give a gift to friend\n\nSo we can throwaway 私 (I) and 友達 (friend) and it still will be clear to\nunderstand if 「I doing something for someone」 or 「Someone doing something for\nme」.\n\nImportant notice! Try to avoid あげる direction. It is little bit not polite and\nlooking like your position higher than opponent's position (For example you\ncan use あげる when you doing something for your pet: 犬に肉をあげる → I give meat to\ndog). When you speaking with people, that will be better use 「He allow me to\ndo something for him」\n\n友達にプレゼントしてあげる → I give a gift to friend [BAD] \n友達にプレゼントさせてもらう → I get permission from friend to give a gift him [GOOD] \n友達がプレゼントさせてくれる → friend gives me permission to give a gift to him [GOOD]\n\nする → do させる → get persmission to do\n\nIf you using 丁寧語 (teineigo) or 敬語 (keigo) you must use polite (gentle) words\n\nusual word → polite word \nくれる → くださる \nあげる → さしあげる (better than あげる but still not good direction) \nもらう → いただく\n\nOther words in your question are just usual verbs using in different\nsituations and contexts.\n\nFor example:\n\n与える → to give \n与えてあげる → I give something for someone [BAD] \n与えてくれる → Someone give me something [GOOD] \n与えてもらう → I'm given something from someone [GOOD]\n\n与らせてくれる (= 与えてあげる) → someone permit me to give him [GOOD] \n与らせてもらう (= 与えてあげる) → I'm permitted from someone to give him [GOOD]",
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"body": "Context: A and B are talking about B's son, 景明\n\nA:「景明を信じて託すと云うのか」\n\nB:「うん」\n\nA:「……儂とて奴には信を置くところがある。 でなくば冗談にも山賊退治を命じたりなどせん」\n\nB:「あぁ。あんたも **見るとこは見てくれてる** な。 母親としちゃ、嬉しいことだ」\n\nWhat does \"見るとこは見てくれてる\" mean in this case? I suspect it's something like\n\"paying attention to the right things\" (Kageaki's aptitude in this case) but I\ndon't know for sure.",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"見るとこは見てくれてる\"",
"view_count": 91
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{
"body": "Your interpretation is correct. This 見るとこ is the same as 見るところ, or \"points to\nsee\", referring to Kageaki's good points (traits) people should be aware of.\nIt's interchangeable with 見るべきところ. は is a contrast marker that replaced を;\nhere it adds the nuance of \"at least\".",
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"body": "I found a couple of examples using this noun; neither makes a lot of sense. i\nthink that ご存じ is an irregular polite form of 知る. However, if that is the case\nit is a bit odd as the polite form of a verb is a noun, though that wouldn't\nbe the weirdest thing i have encountered with keigo. i have seen it used as\n**name** をご存じですか can i used any noun is such a way? if so what is the\nparticle?\n\nThe other example i have is the following sentence:\nご存知だとは思いますが、クオーターしかつかえませんよ。 which i have a couple questions about; first what\nthe hell does ご存知だ say? i dont understand the だ at the end of this noun is it\na particle or marking past tense of the knowledge? The クオーターしかつかえませんよ is\nconfusing cause it isn't written in kanji but i believe it is\nクオーターしか使えませんよ。but even that i think should say クオーターしか使えますよ。 as the katakana\nis quarters しか is nothing but or only and 使える is serviceable or useable/ can\nbe used.\n\nlastly i find the は a bit weird here, why can it go after the と i have never\nseen that before. (と **は** 思いますが) i am assuming it being used to makr the\ndirect object like one can use では or には, etc.",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs",
"nouns",
"keigo"
],
"title": "ご存じ how to use properly and why",
"view_count": 636
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{
"body": "ご存じ is not a verb in the first place. It's a honorific **no-adjective** that\nhas to be used with だ/です. You can think it roughly corresponds to\n\"familiar/aware\" with respectful feelings. I don't know why, but there is no\ndirect honorific version of 知っている. Whenever you want to say \"someone knows\nsomething\" with respect, you have to use this no-adjective and say 彼はご存じです and\nso on. (You may think お知りになっています should work, but we don't usually use this\nfor whatever reason.)\n\nBy the way, a humble version of 知る/思う is 存じる, which is an ordinary verb.\n\nThis は after と is a contrast marker. It's optional here, and you can drop it\nwithout largely changing the meaning.\n\nクオーターしか使えますよ is ungrammatical. しか is a [negative polarity\nitem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/5010) and must be used with a\nnegative expression. This is a basic rule which has nothing to do with ご存じ, so\nplease recheck your textbook.\n\n> ご存知だとは思いますが、クオーターしか使え【つかえ】ませんよ。 \n> I think you know this, but you can use only _quarters_.",
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"body": "In the sentence, how do verbs interact?\n\n> 時を表す同じ語を前後に置いて、それを強調する意を表す。\n\nI understand `時を表す同じ語を前後に置いて` as `place identical time representing words at\nthe front and rear` but I don't really know if this is correct. Is it a\nsimilar to the following `それを強調する意を表す`?\n\nHow does it work?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T03:11:58.067",
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"tags": [
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"verbs",
"nouns"
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"title": "How does this verb interaction work?",
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{
"body": "So, I'm assuming that this is either from the [weblio\nentry](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86) or the\n[kotobank entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86-579242)\nof という, which are basically identical. You are understanding the first part of\nthe sentence correctly. However, the second clause after the comma is not a\nrestatement of the first clause.\n\n> それを強調する意を表す \n> expresses emphasis of that.\n\n\"That\", here refers to the time phrase/時を表す語. Because the clause before ends\nin the て-form (置いて), you can interpret it as \"by the means of\" or simply as\nthe action that comes before it.\n\n> 時を表す同じ語を前後に置いて、それを強調する意を表す。 \n> By placing a time phrase before and after (という), you are able to emphasize\n> it.\n\nIf you are not familiar with using て conjunctively, this [imabi\narticle](https://www.imabi.net/theparticleteiii.htm) does a pretty good job\nexplaining it.",
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"body": "I found a tweet about the Taiwanese snack known as 炸鶏排. The tweet reads:\n\n> 日本でも食べられるようになったのにイマイチ流行ってないので試しに買ってみたら味はスゴくいい。Lチキとかの億倍美味い。ただただ致命的なまでにデカすぎた\n\nwhich I can pretty easily translate to:\n\n> Even though we can get this in Japan now, it's not that popular so I decided\n> to try it. It tastes pretty darn good. It's like a million times better than\n> Lawson fried chicken. The only thing is that it's so big it'll kill you.\n\nBut I don't remember seeing 〜までに in this capacity before. To me, usually までに\nindicates a date by which something has to be done. What does it mean in this\ncontext, then?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "What's the meaning of 〜までに here?",
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"body": "The meaning of these two interjections is \"oh!\" right?",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T14:03:24.170",
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"tags": [
"interjections",
"feminine-speech"
],
"title": "is there any difference between あら and まあ?",
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{
"body": "まあ expresses the speaker's surprise. \"Oh!\", \"My!\", \"Wow!\", etc.\n\nあら is used in several situations:\n\n * Used when the speaker just noticed something unexpected is happening. \"Hmm?\", \"Oh?\", \"What?\", etc.\n * Used when the speaker realized the situation is undesirable. \"Uh-oh\", \"Oh...\", \"Oops\", \"That's bad\", etc. In this situation we also say あらら, あらあら, ありゃりゃ, etc.\n * Used in the same way as まあ. \"Oh!\", \"Wow!\", etc.",
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"body": "So as the title says,\n\n**What is the difference between しない and じゃない?**\n\n**And is じゃない even a verb?**\n\n* * *\n\nI know that しない comes from する. It's in the negative form. (It should be\nmizenkei)\n\nBut when I tried to conjugate it in the plain negative:\n\n`s• + -a + -nai`\n\nIt was more like sanai. And it would make more sense if they changed the sound\nto janai(じゃ) . But for somehow it's (し).\n\n-\n\nI know it's irregular verb.\n\nBut how did the (root s•) become (shi し) in the plain negative?\n\nIt makes perfect sense to be (shi し) in the polite form (shimasuします) with the\n(base -i)",
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"tags": [
"conjugations",
"auxiliaries",
"irregularities-exceptions"
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"title": "What is the difference between しない and じゃない?",
"view_count": 519
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{
"body": "I may be jumping in a bit early, as your post in its current state is a bit\nconfused. However, I think I understand enough of what you're trying to ask to\nattempt an answer.\n\nI'll restate your core question as I understand it.\n\n# How does する conjugate into the negative form しない?\n\nAs you note, する is an irregular verb. So things get a bit messy.\n\n## Conjugation types: regular \"consonant-stem\" verbs\n\nIn your approach, it looks like you're applying the simplified rules for so-\ncalled \"consonant-stem\" verbs, verbs where the stem (the part that never\nchanges) ends in a consonant. These are verbs like [書く]{kaku} (\"to write\") or\n[流す]{nagasu} (\"to flush something, to make something flow\"). In a lot of\nEnglish-language materials for learning Japanese, the conjugation patterns for\nthese are described a bit like the following:\n\n```\n\n Plain form: kak-u nagas-u\n \"-masu\" stem: kak-i- nagash-i-\n \"-nai\" stem: kak-a- nagas-a-\n \"-ba\" stem: kak-e- nagas-e-\n Command form: kak-e nagas-e\n Volitional form: kak-ō nagas-ō\n \n```\n\nIn Japanese-language materials, verb stems aren't classed as \"consonant stems\"\nor \"vowel stems\", but instead they're classed by the number of different\nvowels that happen. In the above, there are five vowels, so these verbs are\ncalled [五段]{ごだん}[活用]{かつよう} (\"five-step conjugation\") verbs.\n\n## Conjugation types: the irregular _sa_ verb\n\n> But how did the (root s•) become (shi し) in the plain negative?\n\nAgain, する is an irregular verb: it has no \"root s●\".\n\nThe Japanese-language name for this specific verb, which has its very own\nunique conjugation pattern, is サ[行]{ぎょう}[変格]{へんかく}[活用]{かつよう}, or \" _sa_\n-column irregular conjugation\", often abbreviated as サ[変]{へん}. It's the only\nverb with this conjugation pattern, so you just have to memorize it. It\nbehaves a bit more like a so-called \"vowel-stem\" verb, only a bit wonky (more\non that further below). Here's the pattern for modern verb する.\n\n```\n\n Plain form: suru\n \"-masu\" stem: shi-\n \"-nai\" stem: shi-\n \"-ba\" stem: sure-\n Command form: seyo (Western / Kansai), shiro (Eastern / Kantō)\n Volitional form: shiyō\n \n```\n\nSo the negative of する is that stem ''shi-'' plus the negative ending ''-nai''\n= しない.\n\n## History\n\nIn both modern and Classical Japanese, the verb する is classed as\nサ[行]{ぎょう}[変格]{へんかく}[活用]{かつよう}, or \" _sa_ -column irregular conjugation\". In\nClassical Japanese, the verb had the following verb stems (the part before any\nconjugation suffixes like ～ない or ～ます). For comparison, I've added the _s_\n-column endings for the Classical [二段]{にだん}[活用]{かつよう} (\"two-step conjugation\")\nverb, one of the patterns that evolved into the modern \"vowel-stem\" verbs, as\nwell as the _s_ -column endings for a Classical [四段]{よだん}[活用]{かつよう} (\"four-\nstep conjugation\") verb, the precursor to our modern regular\n[五段]{ごだん}[活用]{かつよう} (\"five-step conjugation\") verbs. I'm also including the\nJapanese names for each conjugated stem form. (Note that the \"attributive\"\nreplaced the \"conclusive\" in modern Japanese.)\n\n * [活用]{かつよう}: サ変 二段 四段\n * [未然形]{みぜんけい}： せ せ さ _mizenkei_ , \"irrealis\" (\"hasn't happened yet\"): _-nai_ stem\n * [連用形]{れんようけい}： し せ し _ren'yōkei_ , \"infinitive\": _-masu_ stem\n * [終止形]{しゅうしけい}： す す す _shūshikei_ , \"conclusive\": plain form\n * [連体形]{れんたいけい}： する する す _rentaikei_ , \"attributive\" (used to modify a noun, like an adjective)\n * [已然形]{いぜんけい}： すれ すれ せ _izenkei_ , \"realis\" (\"assuming it has happened\"): _-ba_ stem\n * [命令形]{めいれいけい}： せよ せよ せ _meireikei_ , \"imperative\": command form\n\nYou can see how する behaves much more like a Classical vowel-stem verb: only\nthe [連用形]{れんようけい} or _-masu_ stem is different.\n\n### Classical negative\n\nIn Classical Japanese, the negative form of する was せぬ. This is the _-nai_ stem\nせ + negative suffix ぬ.\n\nBeginners of Japanese usually don't encounter negative ぬ, since Eastern\nJapanese (Tokyo Japanese, also called Kantō Japanese) is the \"standard\", and\nthis ぬ isn't part of everyday Eastern Japanese. It's still used to some extent\nin Western Japanese (Kansai Japanese, as spoken in places like Kyōto and\nŌsaka).\n\n### Shift to the modern negative\n\nThe shift from Classical negative form せぬ to modern しない included two changes\n-- 1) the Western and older negative suffix ぬ was replaced by the Eastern\nnegative suffix ない, and 2) the せ shifted to し.\n\n#1 is pretty straightforward, but #2 may require looking at the phonetics\n(sounds).\n\nIn modern Japanese, we're taught that the _i_ vowel is special for the _s-_\nkana -- the consonant part of し is pronounced not like _s-_ , but like _sh-_ ,\nas _shi_. This kind of fiction-y consonant sound is called an \"affricate\" in\nphonetics studies. In older times, up through at least the 1600s and possibly\nlater, せ was also pronounced as an affricate, as _she_ , instead of the modern\n_se_.\n\nBeginning materials for Japanese often omit any discussion of pitch accent.\nFor する, the negative form in Eastern Japanese has a so-called \"flat\" or low-\nhigh pitch, shown in some dictionaries as pitch type \"0\" (zero, meaning no\n[downstep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstep)) or by marking the word\nlike [しない]{LHH}. This means that the first mora (the し) has a low pitch, then\nthe な and the い have a high pitch. As compared to a word in the English\nlanguage, it's a bit like the し is unstressed. When し is unstressed in a\nJapanese word, it's often pronounced without the vowel value, more like just\n_sh_ without the _i_. You might have already noticed that して is pronounced\nmore like _shte_.\n\nI haven't read any academic studies about this change, but I suspect these two\nfactors may have combined: after the shift to Eastern Japanese, せぬ or せない\nwould have been pronounced more like _shnu_ or _shnai_ , making the initial\nsound ambiguous as to whether it should be spelled せ or し.\n\n# Is じゃない even a verb?\n\nThis is more of a phrase than a verb.\n\nじゃ is a contraction of では.\n\n * で is sometimes explained as the conjunctive form of plain-form だ and polite-form です, the copular (\"to be\") verb.\n * The は is the same as the topic particle, used here in what is sometimes called the \"contrastive は\" construction -- \"contrastive\" because you're actually negating the statement.\n\nない is the basic negative in the plain form, same as the suffix ～ない in しない,\nonly used independently to negate nouns and ～な adjectives. This ない conjugates\nthe same as any ～い adjective, with adverb form なく, past tense なかった, etc. The\npolite form for this independent use is ありません, and you might even see ～ではありません\nin some of your materials as the polite way to say \"it is not ～\".",
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"body": "I am considering using this word to name a new brand however I don't want it\nto be named after the popular Anime character. Does Hizashi mean \"rays of the\nsun\" and can it be separated from the character?",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T18:33:32.697",
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"words",
"nouns"
],
"title": "is Hizashi a noun or a proper name?",
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{
"body": "> Is Hizashi a noun or a proper name?\n\nYes. :)\n\nIn more detail, _hizashi_ is both.\n\n### As a name\n\nAs we can see [here in Jim Breen's mirror of the ENAMDICT name\ndictionary](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic?2MUJ%E3%81%B2%E3%81%96%E3%81%97), ひざし as a name may have the\nfollowing spellings and name types:\n\n * 陽 -- feminine given name, as indicated by the `(f)` marker after the \"Hizashi\" reading.\n * 日差子 -- given name, of uncertain gender, as indicated by the `(g)` marker -- but given the 子 in the spelling, this is almost certainly a feminine name.\n * 陽向 -- surname, as indicated by the `(s)` marker.\n\n### As a noun\n\nAnd as we can see [here in Jim Breen's mirror of the EDICT general terms\ndictionary](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic?1MUJ%E3%81%B2%E3%81%96%E3%81%97), ひざし as a noun may have the\nfollowing spellings, all with the same sense of \"sunlight; rays of the sun\":\n\n * 日差し\n * 陽射し\n * 日射し\n * 陽差し\n * 日ざし\n * 陽ざし\n * 日差\n * 陽射\n\n### Derivation\n\nThe term, as either name or noun, derives from [日]{hi} (\"sun\") + [差し]{sashi}\n(\"sticking or pointing through\", here in reference to the beams of sunlight).",
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"body": "Is ように solely for verbs while のような for nouns? What about adjectives?",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T19:28:38.743",
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"title": "For adjectives which one applies? ように or ような",
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{
"body": "I think it is best if you just treat 様【よう】 as a normal noun. With other nouns,\nyou should be using のよう because that is how nouns modify each other. With na-\nadjs, you should be using なよう because that is how they modify nouns. And so\non. So:\n\n> 学生のように \n> Like a student\n\n> お好きな様に \n> as you like\n\n> 優しい様に \n> In a nice way\n\nFor whether you should be using ような or ように, the same applies. な used by な-adj\nto describe a noun while に is used to make it an adverb. For example, きれいに\nmakes it an adverb while きれいな is an adjective. In the same way, ような makes it\nan adj while ように makes it an adverb. This means choosing between the two\ndepends on what よう is modifying.\n\n> 学生のように勉強する。 \n> Study like a student.\n\n> 学生のような制服。 \n> A uniform like a student's.\n\nAdverbs, much like in English, can also modify adjectives, so you would use\nように\n\n> 彼のように優しい \n> Nice like him",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T20:10:45.687",
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"body": "I had the same issue of understanding this as well. As per my understanding\nadverb are words like honto ni, zettai, totemo, hayaku eg. are used to add\nmore description to a verb or noun.\n\n 1. Chichi no you na otona ni naritai desu. (When I grow up I want to be someone like my father)\n\n 2. Ningyo no you na kao desu. (Face which is similar to a doll's)\n\nHow about this example :\n\nSentaku mondai no you ni tesuto ga ii desu Vs sentaku mondai no you na tesuto\nga ii desu.",
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| 82570 | null | 82572 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82577",
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"body": "I know telling time in English, you can say \" **It is 3:30** \" or \" **It is\nhalf past 3** \" and they can be used interchangeably.\n\nWhen telling the time in Japanese, is this still the case? **Can you use \"\n_今{いま}は3時{じ}30分{ぷん}です_ \" and \" _今{いま}は3時{じ}半{はん}です_ \" interchangeably?** Or\nare there contexts where it is more appropriate to use one over the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T19:44:05.347",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"time"
],
"title": "When would you use 30分{ぷん} versus 半{はん} for telling time?",
"view_count": 651
} | [
{
"body": "In most situations, including ordinary business exchanges, they are completely\ninterchangeable. Maybe 半 is a bit more common in casual conversations simply\nbecause it's easier to pronounce, but saying 30分 is always safe.\n\n30分 is preferred in formal written text and technical contexts where\nconsistency and clarity is important, but I guess \"half past 3\" is not used in\nsuch situations, either.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-12T01:36:00.610",
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| 82571 | 82577 | 82577 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "How can I conjugate na adjective to say \"want\". For example: I want to hate -\n嫌い + たい？\n\nI want to not hate 嫌い ＋ たくない？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T20:30:31.373",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Expressing desire with a な-adj",
"view_count": 83
} | [
{
"body": "Short answer: you can't. たい form is only used with verbs. 嫌い, a な-adj, cannot\nbe conjugated into たい. However, you can come up with phrases that are\nequivalent to what you're trying to express.\n\n> 彼のことは嫌いになりたくない。 \n> I don't want to come to dislike him.\n\nI also want to point out that 嫌う is indeed a verb, ~~but I do not think it is\never used in 嫌いたくない. I could be wrong, as I am not a native speaker, but I\nhave never seen it used that way.~~ According to @naruto in the comments,\n嫌いたくない also sounds natural, but is less common.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-11T20:49:18.127",
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| 82573 | null | 82574 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82581",
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"body": "In the sentence:\n\n> 掟は ちゃんと教えないとね (okite wa chanto oshienai to ne) \n> [You must be taught the rules properly.]\n\nI'd like to understand this pattern of using verb-nai-to(-ne). Thanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-12T04:36:17.180",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "I'd like to understand the pattern \"verb+nai+to(+ne)\"",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "> 掟は\n\nas for the code/rule\n\n* * *\n\n> ちゃんと\n\nproperly\n\n* * *\n\n> 教えないと\n\nMust teach (same as 教えないとだめ/教えないといけない/教えなければいけない etc...). I think this is the\nissue. **Must** in Japanese can come in various forms.\n\n* * *\n\n> ね\n\nright?\n\nFull sentence translated might be something like this: The code must be told\nproperly.\n\nAdjusted the word from \"teach\" to \"told\" since it sounds better for me, but we\ndon't know the actual context here.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-12T10:09:16.197",
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"body": "If you want to express obligation in Japanese, like _X has to do Y_ or _X must\ndo Y_ in English, you have to say something like _if X doesn't do Y, it's\nbad_. The first part of that structure, the _if X doesn't do Y_ is expressed\nby conjugating the verb in three possible ways. One of them is ない + と. For\nexample, 教えないと means _if X doesn't teach_. Then you'd have to add something\nlike いけない or ならない for the second part of the structure, the _it's bad_ part.\nBut in colloquial speech it's usually omitted. So saying _I have to go_ is\nexactly the same as _if I don't go_.\n\n[Here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must) you have a more\ndetailed explanation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 82578 | 82581 | 82581 |
{
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"body": "けり has 2 meanings: 過去 and 詠嘆. Is there some sort of trick to find out which\none is being used? (besides context, of course)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-12T05:18:52.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82579",
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"owner_user_id": "39007",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "How to differentiate between the meanings of けり?",
"view_count": 122
} | [
{
"body": "* 詠嘆のけり is placed at the end of the main clause.\n * 詠嘆のけり takes the 終止形 form unless 係り結び is involved.\n * 詠嘆のけり appears more often in quotes than in narrative parts.\n * なりけり is always 詠嘆.\n * In haiku/waka, けり is almost always 詠嘆.\n\nBy the way, I feel 詠嘆のけり is somewhat close to [発見のタ in modern\nJapanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40888/5010).\n\nReferences:\n\n * [「き・けり」 - 古典文法](https://www.kotenbunpou.com/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E/%E3%81%8D-%E3%81%91%E3%82%8A/)\n * [助動詞 けり の詠嘆と過去の見分け方おしえてください！](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14145621604)",
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| 82579 | 82601 | 82601 |
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"body": "I learned you can use stem + sugiru, I adj - i + sugiru and na adj - na +\nsugiru to say \"too much\".\n\nHow would you translate \"I woke up too early\"?\n\n * Hayasugiru okimashita\n\n * Hayaku okisugimashita\n\nOr neither?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-12T12:39:09.113",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-12T13:35:56.650",
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"owner_user_id": "40889",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Specific question about the use of \"sugiru\"",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "On the internet, you'll find「早{はや}く起{お}きすぎた」and「起{お}きるのが早{はや}すぎた」to express \"I\nwoke up too early.\" I'm not sure why that first sentence works, but perhaps\nsomeone can clarify that in the comments.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-12T18:27:50.733",
"id": "82587",
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| 82582 | null | 82587 |
{
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"body": "同じことをする対象は動作\n\nWhat does koto in this sentence mean?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-12T15:40:35.117",
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"id": "82583",
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"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does the こと mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 79
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{
"body": "It basically means _thing_. 同じ is a noun that can act prenominally, which\nmeans it doesn't need any linker to the next noun, and it means _same_. So\n同じこと is _the same thing_.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 82583 | null | 82588 |
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"body": "In an anime I heard the line\n\n> 戻ることは戻ろうか。中のほうが暖かいし\n\nwhich was translated as \"But we probably should head back. It's warmer\ninside\". I know the [～ことは～ようが](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%8C-koto-waga/)\nform, meaning \"but\" (like 「この薬は効くことは効くが、飲むと眠くなってしまう」), but I wasn't able to\nfind the form with ようか, so I was wondering what's different: the AようがB form\nmeans \"A, but B\", while from that anime line AようかB seems to mean something\nlike \"But we should A, [since] B\", but without having more examples it's just\na wild guess.\n\nEdit: The protagonists went outside to try a boomerang one of them gifted to\nthe other; after trying it for a bit, one of them says the sentence I'm asking\nabout, and starts heading inside.\n\n[Here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZTvKNjk2t77swopeAtZKij9jclP4wcRB/view?usp=sharing)\nI uploaded the audio, if anyone wants to check if I heard correctly.\n\nEdit: more context: Adachi met Shimamura for the first time not long ago and\nthey became friend; she's clearly in love with her, while at the moment\nShimamura's feelings aren't so clear.\n\nThey spent Christmas together, then exchanged gifts: Adachi got a boomerang,\nso they head outside to try it. She isn't able to throw it very well\n(Shimamura's comment is いまいち), though she does some nice tries not having used\none before, so Shimamura asks if she should buy something else and Adachi says\nshe likes it. Then Shimamura acknowledges this (そう) and says the sentences I\nasked about.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-12T19:56:51.350",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ～ことは～ようか",
"view_count": 400
} | [
{
"body": "In this context `戻ろうか` means something like `I want to (I thinking about) head\nback, how about you?` or `I want to head back but not sure, what do you think\nabout it?`. It pretty close to `戻ることは戻りますか`, but `戻ろうか` is using when we want\nto get some advice or acceptance. `戻るか` (or `戻りますか`) is own opinion/decision.\n`I decided to head back, what about you?`\n\nHere is good\n[explanation](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11137625286)\nin Japanese.\n\nI don't think that you should translate `～ことは～ようか` as a monolithic\nconstruction. (But not sure about it)\n\nActually `AことはBが、Cです` may be splitted on three sub constructions:\n\n`Aことは` → what about A `B` → action / meaning / explanation `C` → negative\naddition / disagreement\n\nSo\n\n`AことはBが、Cです` → `What (I think) about A, that is B, but C`\n\nこの薬は効くことは効くが、飲むと眠い == この薬は、効くのは効くが、飲むと眠い == この薬は効くが、飲むと眠い ← same meaning\n\nAnd I checked from Japanese friend, \nHe said that `戻ることは戻ろうか` sounds strange. And he is don't understand meaning\nwithout context.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-13T01:04:23.837",
"id": "82590",
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"body": "Actually there is no difference between your two examples (戻ることは戻る and\n効くことは効く). This pattern is used when the speaker reluctantly admits this\naction, but wants to imply it is associated with something undesirable at the\nsame time.\n\nNote that the \"undesirable\" part may not be explicitly mentioned. In other\nwords, this construction is **usually** used with が/けど, but that's not a\nrequirement at all:\n\n * この薬は効くことは効く。 \nこの薬は効くには効く。 \nThis drug is \"effective\", at least. \nWell, this medicine does \"work\".\n\n * 中の方が暖かいので戻ることは戻ろう。 \n中の方が暖かいし、戻るには戻ろうか。 \nIt's warm inside so let's head back _(although ...)_. \nWe should head back at least cuz it's warm inside _(but ...)_.\n\nSo 戻ることは戻ろうか means she has some other concern, but convinced herself to go\ninside anyway. For example, she may have wanted to stay outside because she\nwas waiting for someone. Please check the context again.\n\nA similar pattern exists with nouns and adjectives.\n\n * 彼はいい人はいい人ですよ。 \nWell, I admit he is a \"nice\" person _(but...)_.\n\n * まあ美味しいは美味しい。 \nIt _is_ good in terms of taste _(but...)_.\n\nThese imply there is something bad at the same time without explicitly saying\nが/でも.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** I checked the video. The actual conversations is as follows:\n\n> S「イマイチ？」 \n> A「うーん……。」 \n> S「そっか……。あ、今から **戻って** 何か別のを買おうか？」 \n> A「いい、いい。気に入ってるし。」 \n> S「そう。でも、戻ることは戻ろうか。中の方があったかいし。」\n\nSo this 戻ることは戻ろう means not \"Let's get back anyway (although I want to stay)\"\nbut \"Let's get back anyway (although we won't buy a new present)\". Shimamura\nsuggested 戻って and 何か別のを買おう, and Adachi said they don't have to, implying they\ncan stay longer. Still, Shimamura read between the lines and said \"At least,\nlet's get back.\" After all, this type of は is the familiar contrastive-wa used\nwhen there is a contrast.",
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| 82589 | 82602 | 82602 |
{
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"body": "What's the best way to convey sentences like:\n\n 1. His arguments didn't seem as convincing as I would have liked\n 2. Last week, I couldn't study Japanese as much as I would have liked\n\nThe best I could muster up was 期待通り since both of these involve some form of\nexpectation. But I'm not too sure if it sounds natural/makes sense.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-13T08:57:15.167",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Conveying 'as ~ as I would have liked'",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "You can use 思ったほど, (私が)期待していたほど, 考えていたほど, etc.\n\n> 彼の議論には、(こちらが)期待していたほど(は)説得力がないようだった。 \n> 彼の意見には私が思うほどの説得力はなさそうだった。\n>\n> His arguments didn't seem as convincing as I would have liked/expected.\n\nIf you want to use 期待通り, you have to be careful not to change the meaning:\n\n> * 彼の議論には、期待通り説得力がないようだった。 \n> (私が)思った通り、彼の意見には説得力がなさそうだった。 \n> As I had expected, his arguments didn't seem convincing.\n> * 彼の議論には、期待通り **の** 説得力がないようだった。 \n> 彼の意見には(私が)思った通り **の** 説得力がなさそうだった。 \n> His arguments didn't seem to be as convincing as I expected.\n>",
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| 82591 | 82599 | 82599 |
{
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"body": ">\n> そもそも七罪は、士道に霊力を封印される前に、士道や精霊たちを巻き込んで事件を起こしてしまっていたのだ。皆、そのときのことは水に流してくれてはいたのだが……1人くらい、皆に同調したように見せかけて、七罪への恨みを残している者がいてもおかしくはなかった。\n>\n>\n> しかもそのとき七罪が化けていたのは『よしのん』……四糸乃の無二の友だちなのである。士道や他の精霊たちが学校へ行ってしまった瞬間を見計らって、仕返しをしにきた\n> **のだとしても** 不思議はなかった。\n\nContext:七罪 once did something bad to 士道 and 精霊s (四糸乃 is one of the 精霊s). Now\n四糸乃came to visit 七罪 and 七罪 thought 四糸乃 might seek revenge on her when 士道 and\nother 精霊 went to school.\n\nHi. What would be the difference between のだとしても and としても? I know としても can be\npreceded by a verb directly. And I also know のだ is usually used for explaining\nreasons when appearing at the end of a sentence. But I have never seen のだ used\nthis way as in the quote. Could you shed some light on this usage?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-13T13:03:43.687",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "のだとしても vs としても What’s the difference?",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "This の is a plain explanatory-の you are already familiar with. It's in a\nと-marked quote, and quotes can contain ordinary sentences with は, のだ, etc.\nThis のだ is there because what's before it is a (possible) explanation of why\n四糸乃 appeared.\n\n> (四糸乃は、)士道や他の精霊たちが学校へ行ってしまった瞬間を見計らって、仕返しをしにきた **のだ** 。\n>\n> **(It's that)** she (=四糸乃) came here to get back at her (=七罪) after waiting\n> for the moment when Shidou and other spirits had gone to school.\n\n> ～ **と** しても不思議はなかった。\n>\n> It would be no surprise even if ～.\n\nAs always, dropping this explanatory-の would make this sentence look\nunnatural. Just because English does not have explanatory-の does not mean it's\nnot necessary in Japanese.",
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| 82592 | 82598 | 82598 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What is the difference between these two sentences?\n\n> 気をつけてください \n> ki wo tsukete kudasai\n\n> 体に気をつけてください \n> karada ni ki wo tsukete kudasai\n\nI learned that \"ki wo tsukete kudasai\" means \"take care\", \"be careful\"? In a\ndifferent text the \"karada ni\" part was added.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-13T14:22:44.873",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ki wo tsukete kudasai / karada ni ki wo tsukete kudasai",
"view_count": 3484
} | [
{
"body": "気をつけてください (ki wo tsukete kudasai) on its own just means \" please take care\".\nIf you want to specify what you should take care of then that thing is marked\nwith に (ni).\n\nSo 体に気をつけてください (karada ni ki wo tsukete kudasai) is literally \"take care of\nyour body\", or more naturally just \"look after yourself\".\n\nBut the phrase can be used more generally e.g. 階段に気をつけてください (kaidan ni ki wo\ntsukete kudasai) -> \"Please watch out for the stairs\".\n\nAlso note that I corrected 'karadi' to 'karada'. There is no 'di' sound in\nJapanese. It was probably just a typo, but just making sure.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-13T15:02:57.220",
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| 82593 | null | 82594 |
{
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"body": "I am a bit confused using suki (na) or kirai (na) directly with a noun.\n\nI read that for instance suki na hito means \"person (i) like\" or suki na\nshigoto \"work (i) like\". Why does this not simply translate as \"a nice person\"\n\"a nice job\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-13T15:05:09.673",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Usage of \"suki\" (na-adj)",
"view_count": 1395
} | [
{
"body": "Because 好き doesn't mean \"nice\". There's no reason necessary, that's just the\nway it is.\n\nTranslations are always approximations, and the nearest approximation for the\nJapanese word 好き in English is \"like\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-13T19:42:33.183",
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| 82595 | null | 82597 |
{
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"body": "I just received an interview request written entirely in Japanese. But the\nemail mentions to inform them if I have difficulty communicating in Japanese\nand is asking what would be good interview dates. I've written this basic\nstarter response and plan to switch to English right after.\n\nDo you think this is a good way to respond to the email? I only have one part\nof the name in Kanji, the other part is in English and I have a hard time\ntelling if it's the first or last name. I also don't know the Kanji for it.\n\nThank you so much for any help on this, I really appreciate it.\n\nThe message so far:\n\n様、\n\n面接依頼でよろしくお願いします。\n\n私は日本語が少し話せます。これのために英語は大丈夫ですか？\n\nいただきありがとうございます。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-13T18:40:05.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"words",
"written-language"
],
"title": "Is this a good response to an email for interview request?",
"view_count": 1645
} | [
{
"body": "That is completely wrong :)\n\n様、← You must to add a name before 様, not just 様[sama]\n\n面接依頼でよろしくお願いします。← You trying to say, something like \"thank you for interview\"?\nThat is wrong too\n\n私は日本語が少し話せます。← That is Ok.\n\nこれのために英語は大丈夫ですか？ ← That means \"Because of it, can I use English?\". It is\nstrange: \"I'm little bit speaking Japanese, because of it can I speak\nEnglish?\"\n\nいただきありがとうございます。 ← Just wrong\n\n```\n\n {OPPONENT_NAME}様\n \n お世話になっております。{YOUR_NAME}と申します。\n \n ご連絡いただいて、どうもありがとうございます。\n \n 日本語は簡単な文書しかわかりませんので、\n 英語を使ってよろしいでしょうか。\n \n よろしくお願いいたします。\n \n```\n\n```\n\n mister {OPPONENT_NAME}\n \n untranslatable Japanese greeting. My name is {YOUR_NAME}.\n \n Thank you for contact me.\n \n I can understand just simple Japanese sentences, so\n may I use English?\n \n Something like \"with best regards\"\n \n```",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-14T14:37:22.103",
"id": "82616",
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| 82596 | null | 82616 |
{
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"body": "In the Genki 1 textbook, the question prompt\n\n> 本を読んでいる人 _は_ 誰ですか？\n\nappears alongside an illustration with a bunch of people doing different\nactivities. The textbook user is then supposed to pick out a specific person\nin the image with は (高田さんは本を読んでいます).\n\nI've been studying Japanese long enough to understand that in contrast,\n\n> 本を読んでいる人 **が** 誰ですか？\n\nsounds wrong, but when I take a second to think about it, I can't actually\nfigure out why it's wrong based on the meaning of が (it seems like it could\nwork as exhaustive-listing が if I didn't know better).\n\nThinking of は versus が as a difference between introducing new information （が）\nand drawing upon old information（は）I was thinking maybe the nuance here is\nthat, in the textbook exercise all of the people in the picture are\nestablished as pre-registered/old information (though I don't know _why_ they\nwould be considered old), and thus は is simply used to bring it into the realm\nof the conversation again.\n\nThat guess aside, does anyone have insight on why は instead of が？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-14T04:21:24.980",
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"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"set-phrases",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "は versus が in this sentence",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "I can't explain it correctly in grammar terms, but here is simple explanation\nwhy you can't use 本を読んでいる人 **が** 誰ですか？\n\nCase 1. You see man reading book and want to know who is it (is it Takada-\nsan?), so you asking 本を読んでる人は高田さんですか. And answer will be はい、高田さんです。 Yes, he is\nmister Takada.\n\nCase 2. You see two men. One of them reading book, another one drinking juice.\nAnd you want to know is mister Takada a man who reading book? So you asking\n本を読んでる人が高田さんですか. And answer will be はい、本を読んでいる人です。Yes, (mister Takada) a man\nwho reading book.\n\nOkay, return to our question. 本を読んでいる人が誰ですか. Answer will be はい、本を読んでいる人です.\nThis is illogical question: Is who reading book? → Yes reading.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-14T10:39:05.563",
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| 82604 | null | 82611 |
{
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"body": "先ほど can mean, depending on the context, \"just now\" or \"some time ago\"\n\nつい means \"just\"\n\nbut in this case, what brings つい to the sentence, since the \"just\" is normally\nconveyed in the 先ほど ?\n\nContext: the protagonist has just died\n\n> 佐藤和真さん、ようこそ死後の世界へ。あなたは **つい先ほど** 、不幸にも亡くなりました\n>\n> Kazuma Satou ... Welcome to the Great Beyond. I am sorry to tell you that\n> you've passed on.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-14T09:31:27.097",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "meaning of つい先ほど",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "Depending on the context, 先ほど can refer to something that happened one hour\nago, but つい先ほど refers to something that **just** happened. You may want to\nthink 先ほど is \"a while ago\" and つい先ほど is \"just a while ago\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-15T05:56:05.493",
"id": "82620",
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"body": "先ほど means earlier, and it can be 1 hour earlier or 1 minute. Here in this case\nつい is explaining 先ほど. つい means a little bit (in time or in dostance) and here\nexplaining how much ealier (先ほど) he died. So つい先ほど means a little bit earlier,\nwhich is equal to just now. I think English translation missed it.",
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| 82606 | 82620 | 82620 |
{
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"body": "> もし女神というものが存在するのなら、きっと目の前の相手の **ことを言う** のだろう。\n\nIt has been translated as:\n\n> If there are such things as goddesses, the woman in front of me certainly\n> qualified.\n\nIf I try a litteral transaltion it would be :\n\n> \"I am pretty sure that you could say that ...\" Is this correct ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-14T10:02:55.960",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "meaning of ことを言う",
"view_count": 308
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{
"body": "This type of ～(こと) **を** 言う means \"to refer to ～\", \"to signify ～\". From\n明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> ### 言う\n>\n> ④ 記号（特に、ことば）がある内容を表す。指す。示す。 \n> 「この論説は人類が危機に陥っていること **を** ━・っている」\n\nSo the sentence means \"I'm sure it (=女神) refers to the person in front of me\".\nI think the original translation is fine. I don't know the subject of 言う...\nPractically, the subject is never indicated in a sentence like this.\n\nWe also say ～を指して言う, which is stiffer but means the same thing. Examples:\n\n * 祖母とは親の母親のことを言う。\n * 英語のitは単数のものを、theyは複数のものを指して言う。",
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| 82608 | 82619 | 82619 |
{
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"body": "> Sentence:まさかあれだけやって起きんとは... \n> Translate: (I didn't expect) No matter what I do, he won't wake up.\n\nWhat does とは mean at the end of this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-14T10:35:08.950",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does とは mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 433
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{
"body": "When used at the end of a sentence, とは often shows surprise or disbelief. It\nis often translated as \"To think that...\". Here are some examples:\n\n> もう今年も１２月とは。 \n> To think that it's already December this year too!\n\n> 彼はこういうことをするとは！ \n> To think that he would do something like this!\n\nDo not confuse this with case particle と + topic marker は (彼とは付き合いたくない = I\ndon't want to go out with him.). とは can also be used to define words as well\n(ブラックホールとはなんですか？ = what is a \"black hole\"?). とは only expresses surprise as a\nfinal particle.\n\nWith this, your sentence would roughly mean:\n\n> まさかあれだけやって起きんとは... \n> To think that he wouldn't wake up even though I did that much...",
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| 82610 | null | 82618 |
{
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"body": "I tried to translate the sentence:\n\n> 世間では俺みたいな奴の事を引き篭もりだのネトゲ廃人 **だの** と呼んでいるらしいが\n\nMy try:\n\n> In this world, I am called a game junkie, which is to say “hikikomori” for\n> such people like me\n\nIs the だの similar to という ?\n\nis there a relation between の事を (earlier in the sentence) and だの ?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "meaning and function of だの",
"view_count": 136
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{
"body": "I think you are parsing this sentence incorrectly. The basic structure is:\n\n> AをBと呼んでいる \n> call A (as) B\n\nwhere A = 世間では俺みたいな奴の事 and B = 引き篭もり **だの** ネトゲ廃人 **だの**.\n\nFor the meaning of だの (note that there are two of them but you only\nhighlighted one as causing you problems) see [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25554/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%AE-and-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8B).\n\nOverall translation:\n\n> Society calls people like me things like shut-ins and game junkies.\n\nI'm using your translation of game junkie because I honestly have no idea how\nto translate ネトゲ廃人.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 82612 | 82613 | 82613 |
{
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"body": "According to [Tofugu](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/how-to-make-a-\nreservation/) 〜となっております means \"it is a rule that\" I know that となる means [to\nbecome with the nuance of\nfinality](https://maggiesensei.com/2010/12/10/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B-vs-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%80%80-to-\nnaru-vs-ni-naru/) and てある is for [resulting\nactions](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/teform#Using_for_resultant_states)\n\"in preparation for something\".\n\nThe grammar of this does not thus add up for me:\n\n> お支払いは現金のみとなっております\n>\n> It's our rule that we only accept cash for the payment of the bill\n\nCause if it were literally: :\"It is becoming of only cash for the bill\". Then=\nWouldnt おる be humble (謙譲語) [form of\nいる](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese#Respectful_verbs)\nwhere one would refer to themselves\n\n**Can someone pls explain the grammar and with a literal translation ?**",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "\"となっております\" - \"It is our rule that\" - Honorific Speech?",
"view_count": 505
} | [
{
"body": "お支払いは現金のみとなっております == お支払いは現金のみです\n\nIt is just a polite (business, 謙譲語) form",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-14T14:02:14.923",
"id": "82615",
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"body": "What you mention at first is correct, however, none of it really applies here\n(~てある also isn't equivalent to what's seen here since ~ておる = ~ている but I\ndigress).\n\n\"お支払いは現金のみとなっております\" is just equal to \"お支払いは現金のみです.\" Why is this? Well,\n\"となっております\" is really just a business/part-time job form (or バイト／マニュアル敬語 as\nit's called in Japanese) of \"です;\" in fact, looking up the Wikipedia article\nfor [\"manual keigo\"](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_keigo) shows this\nexact form.\n\nManual keigo is, depending on who you ask, a slightly skewed version of keigo\nmostly used in part-time jobs where certain expressions are used to \"sound\"\npolite despite not really being fully accepted keigo.\n\nNow then, the keigo: おる is 謙譲語 _however_ it is not regular 謙譲語 (i.e. 謙譲語１) but\n謙譲語２ (or 丁重語). 謙譲語２ is, for all intents and purposes, just an even more\npolite/formal version of 丁寧語, which is also why you never use the verbs\nassociated with it in plain form, always ます-form.\n\n(If you want to go deeper into all things keigo, I highly recommend [this\nYouTube playlist](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyJCUas37mqfYgMT-_-\nWeFM_hAwMVs8ok) by a native Japanese speaker who explains all the different\nforms and usage cases of keigo.)\n\nSo, for a full breakdown of the sentence:\n\n * お支払い – payment\n * は – topic particle\n * 現金 – cash\n * となっております – is/copula\n\nThis then gives us the translation \"we only accept payments in cash.\" Breaking\nthe sentence down further than this isn't really necessary since it follows\nmanual keigo basically to a tee as I see it.\n\nAs you can probably tell, I'm not really sure I agree with the translation\nTofugu gave for this sentence. _Why_ they translated it like they did I have\nno clue, but, if I'd hazard a guess, I'd assume it's to get across the\n\"formality\" of the keigo in the sentence in their translation. Though, for\nactually understanding the sentence, their translation really doesn't help\nmuch in my opinion.",
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| 82614 | null | 94062 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82622",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 自動運転の技術は、どのくらい自動で運転できるか **で** ５つのレベルがあります。 \n> The extent to which you can drive automatically is measured by 5 levels.\n\nObviously my translation is rather loose. A more literal translation would be\n\"to what extent you can drive automatically で there are 5 levels\".\n\nI'm struggling to see how this で works. I feel that I want to replace it with\nの because the whole embedded question (which I understand can behave like a\nnoun) is describing what the levels are. Would this be wrong? Could you please\nexplain the で and maybe provide a couple more examples of this usage with an\nembedded question?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-15T13:30:26.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82621",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で",
"embedded-question"
],
"title": "Usage of で after embedded question",
"view_count": 73
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{
"body": "I think the で is indicating the method/way the 5 levels are determined.\n\nFrom [大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A7/#jn-148950)\n\n> ６ 動作・作用の **手段・方法** ・材料などを表す。…を使って。「電話で連絡する」「テレビで知ったニュース」「紙で作った飛行機」\n>\n> 「この御馬―宇治河のまっさき渡し候ふべし」〈平家・九〉\n\nThe examples don't have an embedded question but, here's some with questions:\n\n * 「愛されるか」ではなく「愛することができるか」 **で** 男性を選ぶ\n * 「GDP」をどこまで説明できるか **で** 判明する\n * 【クイズ】何問正解できるか **で** 「あなたの犬好き度」がバレる.\n\nI think replacing で with の would sound pretty awkward as I don't think\nembedded questions act like nouns in that fashion, but I could be wrong.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-15T14:33:22.587",
"id": "82622",
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| 82621 | 82622 | 82622 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Imagine a situation where you've been informed by Mr. Rentarou that on\nWednesday you will have an interview with Ms. Suzuki. Then, you've decided to\nconfirm the information directly to Ms. Suzuki.\n\nI've come up with 2 sentences\n\n> 1. 廉太郎さんに伝えられましたが、水曜日には面談がありますね?\n> 2. 廉太郎さんに水曜日には面談があると伝えられましたが。\n>\n\nI learned that in Japanese, they prefer using a passive voice \"I have been\ntold by Mr. Rentarou ~\" rather than \"Mr. Rentarou told me ~\". In this\nsituation is the passive voice preferred?\n\nLastly, I am confused that sometimes が or けど doesn't always translate as\n\"but\", rather it implies something else depending on the context. This is why\nthe first sentence \"I've been told by Mr. Rentarou, **but** on Wednesday I\nwill have an interview (with you),\" sounds weird to me. Is my correction (the\nsecond sentence) better?\n\nPlease fix if I used the wrong vocabulary for the phrases.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-15T15:48:13.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82624",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-15T15:52:03.107",
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"owner_user_id": "40906",
"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"particles",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Passive voice and complex or connecting sentence",
"view_count": 78
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{
"body": "> > 1. 廉太郎さんに伝えられましたが、水曜日には面談があります **よ** ね?\n>> 2. 廉太郎さんに水曜日には面談があると伝えられましたが。\n\n>>\n\n>\n> they prefer using a passive voice\n\nIt's not that we prefer passive voice but the speaker being the subject of the\nsentence rather than the third party. ([Animacy\nhierarchy](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/21218/%E3%81%AF-%E3%81%8C-and-%E3%82%92-with-\nthe-passive-form/21261#21261)) Anyway, it's true that those example sentences\nare natural in this regard.\n\n> Is my correction (the second sentence) better?\n\nEither will do. If anything, you might mind that the second one is not a\ncomplete sentence, though that's not uncommon at all, after all.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T07:58:46.703",
"id": "82633",
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| 82624 | null | 82633 |
{
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"body": "Would ningengumo (人間蜘蛛) be the correct term for a semifer (latin for half-\nbeast) creature in japanese that would be half human, half spider? The closest\nterm i can find is for a yokai called jorōgumo (絡新婦) which is \"prostitute\nspider\", but denotes a female only. I'm looking for a gender inclusive term\nthat would mean a complete race.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-15T19:38:41.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Would this be the correct term for half human/half spider?",
"view_count": 500
} | [
{
"body": "The traditional pattern for this is `～人間` (and `～男` \"-man\", `～女` \"-woman\",\n`～娘` \"-girl\"). You can use 蜘蛛人間 or 蜘蛛男 to describe a character like Marvel's\nSpider-Man. For example, this [episode list of _Kamen\nRider_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamen_Rider_\\(1971_TV_series\\)#Episode_list)\nhas many examples of monsters named ～男 (oh, the first episode is exactly about\n蜘蛛男, which looks like\n[this](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E4%BB%AE%E9%9D%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%20%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B%E7%94%B7)).\n狼男 is the Japanese term for werewolves.\n\nOn the other hand, `人間～` usually means \"human ～\" or \"human-simulated ～\", and\nit has nothing to do with imaginary creatures. 人間椅子 (human chair), 人間盾 (human\nshield), 人間ジュークボックス (human jukebox), etc. 人間蜘蛛 makes no sense to me.\n\n爆弾人間 (\"bomberman\") sounds like an imaginary bomber-human hybrid, whereas 人間爆弾\n(\"human bomb\") refers to real people who attempt suicide terrorism.\n\n_Jorō-gumo_ is the name of a certain Japanese _yokai_ , and you cannot use it\nto refer to other spider-human hybrids in general. In particular, Marvel's\nSpider-Girl is never called a _jorō-gumo_!\n\nThere are several fixed terms that do not follow the pattern above (e.g., 半魚人\n\"merman\", 人魚 \"mermaid\", 半神 \"demigod\"), but they are not really productive, and\nyou generally cannot coin a new word like these.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T01:51:08.927",
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| 82627 | null | 82629 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82631",
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"body": "hopefully this is just a quick one!\n\nI'm wondering how one would say a sentence like 'You must take off your shoes\nthen, put them in the basket'. I know\n\n> 靴を脱がなければなりません \n> バスケットに置きます\n\ncould be used for each part separately. But, how would you combine these?\nWould you use the negative te-form of なる then add から？i.e.\n\n> 靴を脱がなければならないでから、バスケットに置きま\n\nThank you for any help!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-15T22:07:34.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82628",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-16T05:04:29.937",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-15T22:59:03.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "36655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to write 'must do... then...'",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "You can say:\n\n> 靴を脱いでバスケットに入れなければなりません。\n\nOr you can add から and say (although this is not necessary):\n\n> 靴を脱いでからバスケットに入れなければなりません。\n\nI hope you understand how this works. Simply treat 靴を脱ぐ and バスケットに入れる as a\npaired action combined with the te-form.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T05:04:29.937",
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| 82628 | 82631 | 82631 |
{
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"body": "If I was to refer to people who like fish, I'd say something like 「魚が好きな人」,\nbut if I was to refer to people who do something, how would I go about saying\nthat? Would the format be similar, or would it be completely different. I know\nin Japanese, to like is treated as an adjective, where as, someone doing\nsomething would be a verb, so if I was to refer to people who wear pants,\nwould I say it as something like this 「ズボンを履いている人」? I'm not sure if I'd use\nthe TE form of the verb, or if I'd have to use a different form, nor am I sure\nif I need to use いる or ある. I went with いる, as I'm referring to a live, animate\nperson, but I'm not even sure if I'm even remotely close to saying it\nproperly. Is there some other particle I'd need to use, or a different\nsentence structure? Or would referring to a group of people based on something\nthey do, such as people who wear something, people who exercise, or certain\nactions be unnatural in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T04:03:28.993",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Referring to groups of people",
"view_count": 73
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| 82630 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82659",
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"body": "In _A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar_ , I have (at least tried to) read\nthe grammatical terms and list of abbreviations very carefully, but maybe\nsomething is missing. Or maybe I missed something.\n\nAt some point in the dictionary, it defines a certain usage of grammar as\nfollows:\n\n> {Adj ( _na_ ) stem / N} {∅ / だった} みたいだ\n\nThe dictionary defines the Vmas as the “ます stem” which is the “話し in 話します”,\nand then subsequently defines the Vstem as the “食べ in 食べる”.\n\nWhilst there is no definition for an **Adj ( _na_ ) stem** (or adjective stems\nof any kind), would I be correct to assume the word “stem” means **“disregard\nthe な suffix”**?\n\nAnd furthermore, if I were to find “Adj ( _i_ ) stem”, it would mean to\n“truncate the い suffix”?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T07:31:53.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82632",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives",
"terminology",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "What does “stem” mean in “Adj (na) stem”",
"view_count": 562
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct. The \"stem\" of a word is the part that remains the same when\nyou conjugate it or otherwise combine it with other words.\n\nSo for verbs, the ます-stem is what's left when you remove the ます from the ます\nform (which for ichidan verbs is the same as removing the る from the plain\nform, but that doesn't extend to godan or irregular verbs). So, for example,\n食べ(ます), 行き(ます), or 会い(ます).\n\nい-adjectives behave like verbs, in that the stem is the part without the い.\nSo, for example, 高(い), 黒(い) or 早(い).\n\nThe \"stem\" of a な-adjective or noun is just the word itself, and in the case\nof な-adjectives this means you don't include the な - 好き, 人, きれい or 町.",
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| 82632 | 82659 | 82659 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82635",
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"body": "What is the difference between 痛み and 疼き? Both words mean 'pain', 'ache'. Is\nthere any difference in usage of these words except of frequency? Feel free to\nprovide examples. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T08:25:31.597",
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"id": "82634",
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"tags": [
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"title": "What is the difference between 痛み and 疼き?",
"view_count": 98
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{
"body": "痛み is the general term to describe pain or hurting, whereas 疼き describes a\nmore specific _throbbing_ or _pounding_ type of pain. Examples given by\n[Weblio (Japanese)](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%86%E3%81%9A%E3%81%8F)\nare a pounding tooth ache (or bad tooth) or scar tissue pain.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 82634 | 82635 | 82635 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82638",
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"body": "I've recently read some curious news.\n\nApparently, the mayor of a small Japanese town, Yutaka Umeda, has unexpectedly\nbecome somewhat of a celebrity after the recent US elections, because his name\ncan also be read as \"Jo Baiden\".\n\n[CBS](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/will-japans-own-joe-biden-put-his-small-\ntown-on-the-map/):\n\n> Thanks to the vagaries of Japan's complex written language, an obscure\n> provincial mayor has suddenly gained his 15 minutes of fame after\n> discovering his name can also be read as the moniker of America's president-\n> elect.\n>\n> \"I feel we have a bond,\" Mayor Yutaka Umeda, aka, \"Joe Biden,\" of Yamato\n> town, in southwest Japan, was quoted as saying by local media. \"When I heard\n> (Biden) had won, it was like a personal victory for me, too.\"\n\n[Japan Times](https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/11/09/national/japan-jo-\nbaiden/):\n\n> Yutaka Umeda, 73, mayor of Yamato, Kumamoto Prefecture, was caught by\n> surprise when his family told him that an alternate reading of his name had\n> drawn attention online.\n>\n> \"I feel very close to him. It feels as though I've also won the election\n> after hearing about (Democratic nominee Joe Biden's) projected win\" over his\n> rival, President Donald Trump, Umeda said Sunday.\n>\n> Kanji characters usually have several phonetic readings. The mayor's family\n> name comprises characters meaning \"plum\" and \"rice field,\" but while they\n> are usually pronounced as \"ume\" and \"da\" in names — a fairly common one in\n> Japan — they can also be read as \"bai\" and \"den.\" The character for Yutaka,\n> meanwhile, is more commonly read as \"jo.\"\n\nAdmittedly, I know nothing about Chinese, Japanese or how kanji works. I also\ntried to find an online table of kanji characters and check it myself, but\nunsuccesfully.\n\nIs this true?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T09:11:52.890",
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"id": "82636",
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"score": 9,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Can \"Yutaka Umeda\" (name of a Japanese mayor) be read as \"Jo Baiden\"?",
"view_count": 2630
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{
"body": "According to the town's official website, the mayor of Yamato-cho, Kumamoto is\nindeed named Yutaka Umeda.\n\n<https://www.town.kumamoto-yamato.lg.jp/kiji0035130/index.html>\n\nThe kanji for his name is 梅田 (うめだ, Umeda) 穰 (ゆたか, Yutaka). His name uses\nkun'yomi readings for the kanji, meaning they are of Japanese origin.\n\nIf you read the characters with their Chinese-origin readings (on'yomi), they\nare 梅 (ばい, bai) 田 (でん, den) 穰 (じょう, jou).\n\nSo, yes, the kanji used to write his name do have on'yomi readings that sound\nsimilar to \"Joe Biden.\"",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T09:53:54.590",
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| 82636 | 82638 | 82638 |
{
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"body": "I have not seen な used with a noun in this manner before (I know it can be\nused with な \"nouns\" but I do not believe that 日曜日 is one of these) and was\nwondering what is the exact effect of な in this passage and if there are any\nparticular grammar rules around its usage here.\n\n今日は日曜日 **な** ので銀行は休みです: Banks are closed because today is Sunday.\n\nAny help would be much appreciated.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T14:31:37.563",
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"grammar",
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"title": "What is な’ｓfunction in this sentence?",
"view_count": 147
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{
"body": "「ので」 is used when we express resons (理由・原因). Connection (接続) of 「ので」 is 連体形 +\nの.\n\n> ［接助］《準体助詞「の」＋格助詞「で」から》\n\n「ので」 comes from 準体助詞「の」 plus 格助詞「で」, which means 「の」 could be seen as a noun\nhere.\n\nYou might think 「日曜日 **の** ので」 is the right answer, but it's just too\ndifficult to say in daily converstion (because of the double の, it sounds\nweird), so we use 「日曜日 **な** ので」 instead.",
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"body": "### The grammar\n\nMuch as 古手梨花 described, ので is used to express a reason for something, similar\nto \"because\" in English. Grammatically, ので is the conjunctive conjugation of\nのだ (plain form) and のです (polite form), which can be parsed as possessive or\ngenitive の + the copula (\"to be\") verb だ or です.\n\nの attaches directly to nouns or noun phrases, but because のだ describes\nreasons, it attaches to statements. If you're making a statement about a noun,\nyou finish with the copula だ or です. And, grammatically, those statements that\nのだ attaches to must be in the 連体形【れんたいけい】 or \"attributive\" form, and the\nattributive form of だ or です is な.\n\nExamples:\n\n * 本です。 (It's a book.) \n⇒ 本な[の]{●}[で]{●}[す]{●}。 (It's **because** it's a book.) \n⇒ 本な[の]{●}[で]{●}読みます。 (I read it **because** it's a book.) \n_(Note the reversed clause order to produce a more natural English\ntranslation.)_\n\n### Your sample sentence\n\n> 今日は日曜日なので銀行は休みです。\n\nBasically, this is a longer sentence with a shorter sentence embedded. Let's\nbreak this down like the simpler example further above.\n\n * 今日【きょう】は日曜日【にちようび】です。 (Today is Sunday.) \n⇒ 今日【きょう】は日曜日【にちようび】な[の]{●}[で]{●}[す]{●}。 (It's **because** today is Sunday.) \n⇒ 今日【きょう】は日曜日【にちようび】な[の]{●}[で]{●}銀行【ぎんこう】は休【やす】みです。 (The bank is closed\n**because** today is Sunday.)",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T19:43:44.403",
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| 82641 | 82649 | 82649 |
{
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"body": "Below is the lyrics from the song \"[letter\nsong](https://zh.moegirl.org.cn/Letter_song)\"\n\n> 好きな人と歩いた場所も\n>\n> その時見た景色も\n>\n> 振り返らず\n>\n> 今を駆け抜け\n>\n> 私は何と出会うの\n>\n> 立ち止まる **ほど**\n>\n> 意味を問う **ほど**\n>\n> きっとまだ大人ではなくて\n>\n> 今見てるもの 今出会う人\n>\n> その中でただ前だけを見てる\n\nI want to know what does ほど mean here? Does it mean \"the more ... the more\n...\"?",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 「ほど」 mean here?",
"view_count": 86
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{
"body": "No, this ほど means \"to the point where ～\" or \"enough to ～\". It's [this\nほど](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52302/5010), and is interchangeable\nwith くらい/ぐらい.\n\n> 立ち止まるほど、意味を問うほど、きっとまだ大人ではなくて\n>\n> I'm not yet old enough to stop or reflect on the meanings (of everything I\n> come across) ...\n\nBasically these lines are saying \"I am too young to look back at what I have\nexperienced\".",
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| 82643 | 82653 | 82653 |
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"body": "Context: the boy has just died while saving a girl and is now in the\nafterlife.\n\n> 「……あの女の子は。……俺が突き飛ばした女の子は、生きてますか？」\" 大切な事だった。 俺の人生で、 **最初にして最後** の見せ場だったのだ。\n> 命懸けで助けに入って、結局間に合わなかったのだとしたら悔し過ぎる\"\n\nIt has been translated as:\n\n> That girl … the one I pushed out of the way. Is she alive ?” That was\n> important to me. It was the first - and last cool thing I’d done in my life.\n> If it turned out I’d been too late, that I hadn’t saved her - that would be\n> awful.\n\nCould you explain what 最初にして最後 means ? If if translate with my own words, does\nit mean: \"I was a good actor from beginning to end\" I'm not sure .",
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"meaning",
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"title": "meaning of 最初にして最後の見せ場",
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{
"body": "I'm afraid that it is not translated to \"I was a good actor from beginning to\nend\". It means that was his first time to do something he could be proud of,\nbut at the same time it was his last time to do that because he died.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T18:47:48.107",
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"body": "In this usage XにしてY means \"both X and Y\".\n\nAs you might have guessed X must be either a na-adjective or a noun phrase.\nThough having said that, I'm not sure what 最初 classifies as.\n\n> 俺の人生で、 最初にして最後 の見せ場だった \n> It was both the first, and the last, highlight of my life.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T20:44:21.940",
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"body": "X にして Y is a bookish conjunctive phrase roughly translatable into \"X as well\nas Y\", but also carries a certain rhetorical factor, that describes that Y is\nsupplemental but by no means less important. In this sense, I think the\ntranslation you found does a fairly good job utilizing a dash.\n\n> 俺の人生で、最初にして最後の見せ場だったのだ。 \n> (As) it was the first—and the last—high point of my life.",
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| 82646 | 82663 | 82648 |
{
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"body": "So I know you can't use は after an interrogative word like 何 or 誰. However, if\nyou add a か after them, they're no longer interrogative words, right? So I\nshould be able to say something like:\n\n> 誰かは教室に入ったみたいだな\n\nBut for some reason, it sounds wrong. Can you say that or not? I'm not only\ntalking about words like 何か or 誰か, but also 何も and 誰も or 何でも and 誰でも.\nBasically any interrogative + particle structure. Can they take は?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-16T20:33:32.907",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は",
"topic"
],
"title": "は after words like 何か or 誰か",
"view_count": 338
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{
"body": "Yes, 誰か can safely take は if there is a reason to do so. As you said, this 誰か\nis not for making a question but is a lexicalized noun meaning \"someone\". It\nbehaves almost like other ordinary nouns, and you can attach arbitrary\nparticles as long as it makes sense (誰かを, 誰かに \"to someone\", 誰かと \"with\nsomeone\", 誰かから \"from someone\", 誰かの \"someone's\"...).\n\nThen what's the difference between the following two sentences?\n\n 1. 誰か **が** 教室に入ったみたいだな。\n 2. 誰か **は** 教室に入ったみたいだな。\n\nBoth are grammatical sentences, and we need nothing new or special to explain\nthe difference. が is used when you plainly introduce 誰か into the discourse,\nwhile は is used to make a \"contrast\". In addition, although less common, you\ncan use は after introducing 誰か into the discourse. For example:\n\n * (お前と俺は教室に入っていないが、)誰か **は** 教室に入ったみたいだな。 \nLooks like someone (else) entered the room (although you and I didn't).\n\n * 誰か **が** 学校にいた。その誰か **は** 教室に入ったみたいだな。 \nSomeone was in this school. And that someone seems to have entered the\nclassroom.\n\n * オフィスに誰か **が** います。 \nThere is someone in the office.\n\n * オフィスに誰か **は** います。 \nThere is at least someone in the office.\n\nThe same is true with 何か:\n\n * この扉を開ける何か **が** 必要だ。 \nYou need something to open this door.\n\n * この扉を開けるのに鍵は必要ないが、何か **は** 必要だ。 \nYou don't need a key to open this door, but you still need something (else).\n\n何も/誰も is not even a noun (it's a negative-polarity adverb), and it doesn't\ntake any particle including は. 何でも/誰でも does not take は in a nonnegative\nsentence, but it sometimes takes contrastive-は in a negative sentence. For\nexample, 何でもは買えない is \"We cannot buy everything\", 誰でもは買えない is \"Not everyone can\nbuy it\".",
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| 82650 | null | 82652 |
{
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"body": "I am not sure if it would be a combination of the word 「くれてやる」and the word\n厄{やっ}介{かい} which means trouble or support.\n\nHere is the sentence I found the word. It was said by a boxer during a fight.\nHe was more advantage than his opponent at that time.\n\n> こりずにきたな...いっちょうカウンターでも **くれてやっかい**",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T02:46:11.397",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「くれてやっかい」mean?",
"view_count": 118
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{
"body": "くれてやっかい is a contraction of くれてやるかい. The word 厄介 is not related.\n\nIn general, るか **may** contact to っか in very informal speech:\n\n * するか → すっか\n * やるか → やっか\n * 見るか → 見っか\n * なるか → なっか\n * 来るか → くっか\n * 生きるか → 生きっか, 食べるか → 食べっか, ...\n\nすっか/やっか are relatively common, but others are uncommon. I probably have not\nheard 乗っか, 寄っか, 切っか, 取っか, 怒っか and so on, so this works with only a few common\nverbs that end with る.",
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| 82654 | 82681 | 82681 |
{
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"body": "* 研究室を出た。おやおやおや、追い出されたの間違いでは？\n\nI encountered this line when watching a drama and could not understand why\n\"追い出されたの間違い\" is grammatically correct (compared to\n留学したのきっかけ（×）、留学したきっかけ（〇）、留学のきっかけ（〇）). I wonder why it is not \"追い出されたという間違いでは？\"\nor \"追い出されたのを間違ったのでは？\".\n\nA Japanese friend of mine gave me a few more examples. Now I am convinced that\nit is a natural expression, but I still don't understand the underlying\ngrammar. Could you help me figure it out?\n\n * Aさんが断ったのは、Aさん自身の本心からではなく、Bさんに脅迫されたの間違いでは。 →（Aさんが否定したのは、Aさん自身の本心からではなく）Bさんに脅迫されたの間違いでは。\n * Bさんは病気で死んだのではなく、本当は医者に殺されたの間違いでは？ →（実際には、医者に）殺されたの間違いでは？\n * Cさんが会社を退職したのは、仕事が自分に適していないからではなく、辞めるように上司から追い込まれたからの間違いでは。 →本当は、上司から追い込まれたの間違いでは？",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T03:04:08.100",
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"id": "82655",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "grammar in verb plus の間違い",
"view_count": 108
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{
"body": "Basically, ～の間違い (lit. \"mistake/typo/etc of ～\") is used with a **noun** like\nthis:\n\n * PS4と言いましたが、PS5の間違いです。 \nI said PS4, but I meant PS5.\n\n * この漢字は何の間違いですか？ \nWhat is this kanji a typo for?\n\n * これは何かの間違いだ！ 私は悪くない！ \nThis must be some kind of mistake! I'm not to blame!\n\nYou can see の is simply linking two nouns in these examples.\n\nBut this can be used with a longer expression enclosed in quotes. This is\nbecause you can enclose a long phrase in quotes and treat it as a long noun.\n\n * 「PS4が欲しい」と言いましたが、「PS5が欲しい」の間違いです。 \nI said \"I want a PS4\", but I meant \"I want a PS5\".\n\nFurtheremore, brackets can be safely omitted when there is no risk of\nconfusion.\n\n * PS4が欲しいと言いましたが、PS5が欲しいの間違いです。 \nI said _I want a PS4_ , but I meant _I want a PS5_.\n\nSo when you encounter a sentence like this, try thinking the phrase before と\nis implicitly enclosed in brackets and there is a long \"noun\" there.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [が following an i-adj](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62976/5010)\n * [「の」in「お嫁さんにしたいの好き」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16020/5010)\n * [Direct and indirect quotes](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30584/5010)",
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| 82655 | 82656 | 82656 |
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"body": "Here's my presentation, I'm in high school right now in the highest level\nJapanese class they have, but I want to know if my grammar is wrong or if I\ncan improve some things in it, as well as slowly stray away from the sentence\nframes my teacher gives us like \"最小に、〜です。” and overusing \"今から〜の説明します。” as an\nintroduction and \"ここから以上です。” as a conclusion. I'm supposed to record this\ntonight but I would still like some feedback and help regardless because I\nfeel like it will be useful in the future.\n\n\"今からの発表に食品添加物の説明します。食品添加物はいい点と悪い点があります。\n最小に、食品添加物が食べものに使用されたらもっと美味しくなります。例えば、ぶどう味グミに甘味料と香料を両方使って、そのお菓子の味と匂いがもっと美味しくなります。でも、この添加物が体に悪くて、色々な危険な影響があります。甘味料にいろんな種類があるけど、アスパルテームに集中します。アスパルテームは危険な甘味料です。発がん性だから、食べさせ過ぎたら体に危険になりそうです。\nなぜ食品添加物があまりいい点がないんですか？ 食品添加物が味とどれぐらいまで食べる以外にいい点があまりありません。\nお菓子の会社に私のアドバイスは、無添加お菓子を作ったら、お菓子が食べる人にいいです。ここから以上です。”\n\nI just want feedback in general as well, anything helps. I feel like I overuse\n\"ます” and \"です” as well, and I feel like posting this on here is better than\nlearning off of Google Translate since I know that GT isn't the most reliable\ntool.\n\nOther questions I have if you want to help: How can I make my presentation\nmore interesting? (I tried using a question in my presentation to try to\nchange the format and make it more interesting.) In this sentence, I said\n\"食品添加物が味とどれぐらいまで食べる以外にいい点があまりありません。\" I was trying to say \"Other than taste and\nhow long until you can't eat it, there aren't a lot of good things about food\nadditives.\" I don't know if I worded it right.\n\nThat's all. Thank you if you can help!",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Please give feedback on my Japanese class presentation on food additives",
"view_count": 63
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{
"body": "Asking general feedback is off-topic on this site, but the last paragraph\ncontains a question that can have a clear answer.\n\n> \"Other than taste and how long until you can't eat it, there aren't a lot of\n> good things about food additives.\"\n\nThe part \"there aren't ... additives\" is the main clause of the sentence, so\nyou must say this part in one piece in Japanese too.\n\n> 食品添加物にはいいことがあまりありません\n\nX （に）はいいことがある has a meaning \"X does something good\", so that fits more nicely\nhere.\n\nThen for the first part, we have a convenient word\n[日持ち](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%82%E3%81%A1/) for \"how\nlong a (perishable) thing lasts\" that you can use. (Your attempt どれぐらいまで食べる\nunfortunately makes no sense in this context.)\n\n> 味と日持ちすること以外\n\nputting together,\n\n> 味と日持ちすること以外に、食品添加物にはいいことがあまりありません。",
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| 82657 | null | 82662 |
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"body": "While I was learing Japanese through\n[小1くちばし音読・授業・クイズ2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpIC6GJHaTo), I came acorss\nsentences at at about the 7 minute mark (thanks to @Leebo) as this:\n\n>\n> 正解ですね、ここの部分なんですね、この羽がさ頭の部分からぴょんと違う方向に出ているでしょう。これのことを「冠羽」という風に言うんですね。冠のような羽という意味です。けれども、この羽があるものがオームになります。羽のないもの、似てるけれども小さくて羽のないものが、「インコ」という風になっています。たまにね、\n> **インコなんだけどをオウムって名前がついたりもするそうなので** 、見分けるときに気をつけてください。\n\nThe teacher is talking about the way to distinguish 「オウム」 and 「インコ」, and she\nsays:\n\n> インコなんだけどをオウムって名前がついたりもするそうなので、見分けるときに気をつけてください。\n\nI don't quite understand the grammar of 「なんだけど」, 「を」, and 「そう」 here. Also, I\ndon't quite understand the phrase 「名前がつく」.\n\nMy understanding:\n\n * 「なんだけど」 measn \"A, but B\", as in 今日は休みなんだけど、朝早く起きた。(I'm off work today, but I got up early this morning.) But this rule doesn't work here, because what comes after 「なんだけど」 isn't another sentence, it's a particle 「を」, it's strange for me.\n * 「を」 is mainly used to indicate the object, but the verb used here is 「名前がついたり」, which doesn't need any object.\n * 「そう」 may be used as a 様態の助動詞 or 伝聞の助動詞, but it seems neither fits here.\n\nThanks for you help in advance!",
"comment_count": 4,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"particles",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Question about some grammar structures in the sentence",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "# Japanese\n\n質問1と2について\n\n「なんだけどを」はおかしいと思います。そのような言い方はしたことがありません。 もしそれが「なんだけども」ならば問題ないです。なので質問者さんに同意します。\n\n質問3について\n\nインコなんだけどもオウムって名前がついたりもするそうなので、見分けるときに気をつけてください。\n\nだと仮定した場合、「そう」は伝聞を表すと思います。\n\n* * *\n\n# English\n\nAbout question 1 & 2\n\nI've never heard the phrase \"なんだけどを\". We don't say like that. If it's \"なんだけど\"\nor \"なんだけども\", it makes sense.\n\nAbout question 3\n\nAssuming the phrase is\n\nインコ **なんだけども** オウムって名前がついたりもするそうなので、見分けるときに気をつけてください。\n\n, as you mentioned above, 「そう」 is 伝聞.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T14:23:21.850",
"id": "82670",
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"body": "> オウムって名前がついたりも **するそうな** ので\n\n> 「そう」 may be used as a 様態の助動詞 or 伝聞の助動詞\n\nThe そう should be 伝聞の助動詞. Compare:\n\n> 「するそう(だ)」 -- 伝聞の助動詞 \n> 「しそう(だ)」 -- 様態の助動詞\n\n伝聞の助動詞「そうだ」 is attached to the terminal form of a verb (動詞の終止形). \ne.g. 「食べるそうだ」「言うそうだ」「降るそうだ」 \n様態の助動詞「そうだ」 is attached to the continuative form of a verb (動詞の連用形). \ne.g. 「食べそうだ」「言いそうだ」「降りそうだ」\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典: \nそうだ \n**様態** [...] 語法(1) **動詞** ・助動詞「（ら）れる」「（さ）せる」 **の連用形**\n、形容詞・形容動詞の語幹、助動詞「たい」「ない」の活用しない部分に付く。形容詞「ない」「よい」の場合は「異論はなさそうだ」「気分はよさそうだ」のように語幹と「そうだ」の間に「さ」が入る。助動詞「たい」「ない」の場合は、「た」「な」に付いて「何か言いたそうだ」「何も知らなそうだ」のようになる。「言いたさそうだ」「知らなさそうだ」などは標準的でない。 \n**伝聞** [...] 語法(1) **活用語の終止形** に付く。と違い、「そうでない」や「そうだった」など、打ち消しの形や過去の形は用いられない。\n\n* * *\n\nインコなんだけどを should be a typo for インコなんだけども, as @broccoli has said in the\ncomment.",
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{
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"body": "> **その俳優が大好きなので、ぜひ私に彼へのインタビューを（ ）。**\n>\n> A.させてくださいませんか B.させていただけませんか\n\nHere is my understanding of these two options (which can be wrong):\n\nA: \"you\" is the subject, will \"you\" not give \"me\" the permission to \"do\nsomething\"?\n\nB: \"I\" is the subject, can \"I\" have the permission from \"you\" to \"do\nsomething\"?\n\nWhich one, A or B, is correct or better for this situation?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T07:41:01.880",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"keigo"
],
"title": "「させていただく」or「させてくださる」",
"view_count": 312
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{
"body": "The difference between させてくださいませんか and させていただけませんか would be the point of view\n\nIn させてくださいませんか => someone gives you something (you are not the subjet in the\nsentence)\n\nさせていただけませんか => you receive something from someone (you are the subject in the\nsentence)\n\nHere you have 私に in your sentence so I think the answer would be A :\nさせてくださいませんか",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-18T13:42:09.087",
"id": "82686",
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| 82660 | null | 82686 |
{
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"body": "> だけど...\n\n> 冷えるんだったら スカートじゃない ほう が いい ん じゃないのか?\n\nI just don't understand this sentence.\n\nI'm not keen on if ん is の(?) in both cases and I assume ほう（方）simply indicates\nan action and there's a double negation.\n\n\"If it grows cold, a skirt is... (not?) good [to wear]...not?\"\n\nDoes the character think it should or not be worn for warmth (is it better not\nto?) (it isn't being worn, for the record) and what about the second ではない(の)?\nDoes it just mean \"is that not right?\"?",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T09:51:42.527",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-は",
"manga",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Double negation sentence in manga",
"view_count": 92
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{
"body": "Yes, the second じゃない is an informal way to say something like \"right?\" or\n\"don't you agree?\". You can see the rest of the sentence as the actual\nstatement, and じゃない just as a way to involve the other person. Something like\n\"isn't it?\", if you want to have a negative example.",
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T12:12:27.853",
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"body": "Don't know how this will help your understanding but I usually read \"じゃないのか?\"\nas \"Is it not?\"",
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{
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"body": "im learning at the moment and stuck on if 精度 'Seido' is correct for\n'precision' when describing a piece of measuring equipment as being precise or\naccurate? Would be very greatful if somebody could assist, confirm or correct\nme.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T10:52:43.263",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Correct word/kanji for Precision",
"view_count": 239
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{
"body": "### Accuracy vs precision\n\nSince your question is about the precision and/or accuracy of a piece of\nmeasuring equipment, I think it's especially important to mention that\n[accuracy and precision have distinct\nmeanings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision) in science,\nengineering, statistics, etc.\n\nIn short, the _accuracy_ of a measurement indicates how close the measured\nvalue is to the true value, while the _precision_ of a measurement talks about\nthe uncertainty of your measurement. If you're asked to guess someone's height\nand also how confident you are of your answer, then _accuracy_ refers to how\nclose your guess is to their actual height, and _precision_ refers to your\nconfidence margin (within meters, centimeters, or feet or inches).\n\n## To answer your question\n\nSo with the technical distinction in mind, the [Japanese version of the\narticle\nabove](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%A8%E7%B2%BE%E5%BA%A6)\nuses:\n\n> Accuracy: 正確度{せいかくど}\n>\n> Precision: 精度{せいど}\n\nFor a lot of technical terms, including accuracy and precision, the 度{ど} at\nthe end means _degree_ or _magnitude_. Other examples are 温度{おんど}\n(temperature), 速度{そくど} (velocity) and 湿度{しつど} (humidity). For all of those\nwords, you can use 〇度が高{たか}い and 〇度が低{ひく}い to mean _high value_ and _low\nvalue_ respectively.",
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| 82665 | 82668 | 82668 |
{
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"body": "I know it's a huge topic, but I can't understand the differences between all\nthis ways to say oneself, and by extension yourself, himself, herself ...\n\nIf anyone can help me to have a picture of the uses for oneself, it will be\nvery helpful (and i'm pretty confident that I'm not alone in this situation\n:D)\n\nThank you :)",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Oneself words difference : 自分, 自身, 自ら, 自分自身, 己, 自己, 自力",
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{
"body": "This might not be the most complete answer, but I might be able to give a\ngeneral picture for what they are used for. I'll give a summary of what I have\nread, mostly which comes from\n[goo.ne](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/5450/meaning/m0u/#:%7E:text=%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%EF%BC%8F%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E8%87%AA%E8%BA%AB%EF%BC%8F%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%EF%BC%8F%E5%B7%B1%20%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E5%88%86%E3%81%91&text=%E3%80%8C%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E8%87%AA%E8%BA%AB%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C,%E3%82%92%E5%BC%B7%E8%AA%BF%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E8%AA%9E%E3%80%82&text=%E3%80%8C%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86,%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AB%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%80%82).\n\n**自分** - This refers to the \"self\" in both the concrete and the abstract. For\nexample 「自分の体」refers to your physical body. 「自分の考え」is also perfectly valid.\n\n> 自分のことは、自分で決めろ。 \n> Decide for yourself.\n\n**自分自身** - This creates emphasis by putting two words with similar meanings\ntogether. It emphasizes that \"yourself\" as an individual.\n\n> 自分自身を大切にしなければならない \n> You must cherish yourself.\n\n**自己** - This \"self\" mostly refers to the abstract. The example given was\n「自己の信念を貫く」, \"To stick to your own beliefs\". It also appears in a lot of\ncompounds like 自己紹介 and 自己犠牲.\n\n**己** - This sounds very archaic. You'll find this in old proverbs as well as\ncheesy dramas about old Japan. It has almost the same meaning as 自分.\n\n> 全ては、己の弱さを認めた時に始まる \n> Everything starts from realizing your own weaknesses. (From JOJO)\n\n**自身** - Although this has a lot of overlap with 自分, the difference is that 自身\ncan also be used to refer to inanimate objects. It can mean the equivalent to\nそのもの. 自分 can only refer to \"self\" as something with volition. 自身 can also be\nused to emphasis the noun before it. For example:\n\n> 彼女自身の生き方。 \n> A lifestyle of her own.\n\n**自ら** - This has the same meaning as 自分, but it can also refer to groups of\npeople. In my (possibly wrong) opinion, it also sounds a bit stiff and formal.\n\n> 彼は自らの力で勝った。 \n> He won with his own power.",
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"body": "Although the words you listed are all semantically related, they each have\nquite distinct grammatical roles in the typical usage (with little\noverlapping) that you never want to miss.\n\n### As function words: 自分/己 vs 自身/自ら vs 自己 (vs 自)\n\n**自分** is a **standalone** pronoun that substitutes the same referent (noun)\nthat appears in the context. While it certainly can be categorized as\n\"reflexive pronoun\", its chief use cases are sentences which have multiple\nactions that involve the same participant. Don't expect too much for it to\nreally translate _oneself_ or such in English, and vice versa. Most of the\ntimes they have better lexical expressions; try to look up those parallel\ncorpora.\n\n> 彼は自分を笑った者たちを許さない。 \n> _He does not forgive those who laughed at him (*himself)._\n>\n> _He washed himself._ \n> 彼は体（× 自分）を洗った。\n\nIt also represents various meanings usually translated with adverbs in\nEnglish:\n\n> 自分で _by oneself; personally; alone_ \n> 自分から _on its own will; spontaneously_\n\nSometimes, 自分 appears without an apparent antecedent. In this case, it means\ngeneral \"you\". Japanese usually omits such a pronoun, but it is required, like\nabove, when it has references to the same agent. (Natural translation may\nbecome \"me/myself\" or \"him(self)\" and such according to the context.)\n\n> 視点を持て _Have a perspective._ \n> **自分の** 視点を持て _Have **your own** perspective._\n\nAs I said \"standalone\", 自分 does not form compounds with other nouns. It is\nonly accompanied by particles or affixes (affixable words).\n\n> 自分たち _oneselves_ (plural) \n> 自分らしさ _one's own style; being oneself_ \n> 自分どうし ([see what it\n> means](https://twitter.com/doraemonChannel/status/216095355685703680/photo/1))\n\n**己【おのれ】** is simply an archaic and/or solemn variant of 自分.\n\nMeanwhile, **自身** is a **suffix** , always attached to another noun to add\nmeanings like _the very —_ ; _— oneself_ ; _— per se_ etc. The word must be\nput right after the noun, though the resulted translation may not need to be.\nSometimes it is just for extra emphasis; other times not:\n\n> ボス自身は弱いが、シールドを壊さないと攻撃が通らない。 \n> _The boss is fragile in itself, but you can't damage it before shutting\n> down the shield._\n\nIf you combine 自分 with 自身, you get **自分自身**.\n\nNote that both 自分 and 自身 are mainly for animate nouns. In most cases you\nshould use **自体** instead of 自身 for the \"per se\" sense. There is no exact\nreplacement of 自分 for inanimate nouns, so we usually use それ or repeating the\nnoun in such context.\n\n> 紙幣はそれ自体に価値がない。 \n> _Banknotes do not have value on their own._\n\n**自【みずか】ら** is a synonym of the suffix 自身 with a couple of reservations: (1)\nthere is no 自分 + 自ら; (2) usable with animate and inanimate alike.\n\n**自己** is almost always used as **prefix** to make compounds that means\n_self-_ or _auto-_. It has a large number of derivatives:\n\n> 自己紹介 _self-introduction_ \n> 自己修復材料 _self-healing materials_ \n> 自己免疫 _autoimmunity_ \n> 自己愛 _narcissism_\n\nLastly, there is another **prefix** **自-** , which is either (a) same with 自己\nexclusively for building two- or four-kanji idioms; (b) of one's; or (c) your\nown group, \"friend\" as opposed to \"foe\", or \"we\" to \"they\".\n\n> 自業自得 _You reap what you sow._ \n> 自動詞 _intransitive verb_ \n> 自チーム _one's team_ \n> 自陣 _own base_ , _own half_ , _home territory_ \n> 自文化中心主義 _ethnocentrism_\n\n### As nouns\n\n**自分** is, besides the above, used for true noun for _(one's) self_. It is the\nsimplest word that kids would use for this sense. Has some compounds:\n\n> 自分勝手 _selfish, self-righteous_ \n> 自分探し _finding yourself_\n\n**自身** can also be used apparently alone in bookish styles, which technically\nshould be taken as omission of the previous noun. Not as truly independent to\nform compounds. However, compared to 自分, it focuses more on external\nproperties, such as: one's past, one's life, one's deed, one's belonging etc\n(=自分の身, 我が身). Also applies to **自ら**.\n\n> ボルトは自身／自らの（=彼自身の=自分の持つ）世界記録を更新した。 \n> Bolt broke his own world record.\n\n**自己** is rarely used as noun except for _self_ as a psychological term.\nOtherwise you can safely forget about it in modern writing.\n\n**自力** is literally \"one's own capacity\". Almost only used in the collocation\n自力で \"by oneself (without others' help)\" = 自分（の力）で.\n\n> 自力救済 _self-help_ ([legal term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-\n> help_\\(law\\))) \n> 自力更生 _self-reliance_ (Chinese slogan, lit. \"revitalize on our own\")\n\n### As personal pronouns\n\n**自分** is sometimes [a first-person pronoun\n_I_](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/979/7810), but also dialectal\ninformal _you_ in Kansai.\n\n**己** is also informal _you_ in some (mostly Western) dialects.\n\n### As adverb\n\n**自ら** can be used alone as an adverb: _with one's own hands/initiative; at\nfirst hand_.\n\n### Comparison\n\nSome situations can be expressed with multiple options.\n\n> _The CEO supervise the project in person._ \n> = 社長が **自分で** 計画の音頭を取る。 (pronoun + case) \n> = 社長 **自身** が計画の音頭を取る。 (suffix) \n> = 社長が **自身で** 計画の音頭を取る。 ((pseudo-)noun + case) \n> = 社長 **自ら** が計画の音頭を取る。 (suffix) \n> = 社長が **自ら** 計画の音頭を取る。 (adverb)\n>\n> × 社長 **自分** が計画の音頭を取る。 (not affix) \n> × 社長が **自分** 計画の音頭を取る。 (not bare or as affix) \n> × 社長が **自身** 計画の音頭を取る。 (not bare or as affix)\n\n* * *\n\n**Bonus:**\n\n * 自我: _ego_ (of psychology); note that non-scientific uses are like \"alter ego\": 別人格, \"egoist\": 自己中心的 etc.\n * 本人: _the person him/herself_ , _the principal person_ , _the real McCoy_\n * 我【われ】: contrary to common assumption, this word is more like \"oneself\" than \"I\": 我に返る \"come to oneself\", 我を忘れる \"lose oneself\"; in genitive: 我【わ】が家 \"one's own home\", 我が道 \"one's own way\"\n * 自【おのずか】ら: (of inanimate) spontaneously; as a natural consequence",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-20T04:14:51.127",
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| 82666 | 82707 | 82707 |
{
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"body": "In Japanese, some foods end in \"焼き\". What does it mean? some examples: たこ焼き,\nお好み焼き, 照り焼き, etc. I apologize if I miswrote any of these because I just\nstarted learning Japanese. But what does the suffix \"yaki\" mean?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T18:24:46.433",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"suffixes"
],
"title": "What does \"焼き\" (sorry if i spelled it wrong) mean?",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "It means: bake, fry, cook.\n\n[www.jisho.org](http://www.jisho.org) is a dictionary.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-17T18:39:47.653",
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"body": "The person above already gave you a good answer but to add on- The words that\nyou gave examples of pretty much mean:\n\n\"たこ焼き”：cooked octopus \"お好み焼き”：cooked preference-since you can put things to\nyour preference in okonomiyaki\n\n'yaki' doesn't always have to be related to food, for example, '焼き物’ is\npottery (yakimono) roughly translated to \"baked thing\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-18T00:58:43.350",
"id": "82676",
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"body": "At the word level, 焼き means \"bake(d)\" or \"grill(ed)\". It works slightly\ndifferently depending on whether it's used as a **prefix** and a **suffix**.\n\nWhen 焼き is used as a **prefix** , it just literally means \"grilled/baked ～\".\n\n * 焼き魚 grilled fish\n * 焼きトウモロコシ grilled corn\n * 焼きおにぎり baked _onigiri_\n\nBut when 焼き is used as a **suffix** , it forms a specific (hot) food name\nrelated to the word before it. The word before it can even be a place name or\na person name. Usually you cannot translate it like \"baked/grilled ～\".\n\n * 今川焼き [_Imagawayaki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagawayaki) (not \"baked Imagawa\")\n * たこ焼き [_takoyaki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takoyaki) or \"octopus ball\" (not \"grilled octopus\")\n * 広島焼き Hiroshima-style [_okonomiyaki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okonomiyaki) (not \"baked Hiroshima\")\n * すき焼き [_sukiyaki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukiyaki) (not \"baked shovel\")\n * 山賊焼き _sanzokuyaki_ (not \"baked bandits\"; essentially a grilled chicken)\n * どら焼き [_dorayaki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorayaki) (not \"baked gong\")\n * 目玉焼き sunny-side up fried egg (not \"grilled eyeballs\")\n\nMost of these are unique to Japan and are not translatable. We can never\nimagine what these actually look like correctly from the appearance of these\nwords. After all, 焼き as a suffix is just a convention to name a \"hot\" dish.",
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| 82672 | null | 82680 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82684",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a Japanese promotional postcard that has this text\n\n料金受取人払郵便\n\nand a box with this text in it\n\n牛込局承認 6479\n\nDoes this say that the person receiving the postcard will pay postage followed\nby a permit number? That means I can mail without a stamp, right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-17T18:35:00.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82673",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-18T11:05:25.760",
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"owner_user_id": "34142",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to read this text without any particles?",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "It's read りょうきん (fee)・うけとりにん (recipient)・ばらい (pay)・ゆうびん (mail).\n\nYes, it means you can send the postcard without a stamp and the recipient will\npay the fee. You can read about this service here:\n<https://www.post.japanpost.jp/send/fee/how_to_pay/uke_cyaku/index.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-18T11:05:25.760",
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| 82673 | 82684 | 82684 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82682",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a light novel and a runaway girl's brother has finally come to\npick her up. The two are talking and the girl says she isn't quite ready and\ndoesn't want to go back home.\n\nHe eventually tells her he'll do her a solid and give her a week to think\neverything over. The problem sentence is here:\n\n>\n> お前｛まえ｝の気持｛きも｝ちは分｛わ｝かったよ。でも、やっぱりあまり猶予｛ゆうよ｝はないと思｛おも｝ってほしい。僕｛ぼく｝が稼｛かせ｝げる時間｛じかん｝はせいぜい一週間｛いっしゅうかん｝だ。\n\nFirst sentence I feel fine with. Second one, hmm, \"But, I want you to know\nthere really isn't going to be much of a grace period\"\n\nThird one, \"As for the time I can work, it's at most a week.\"?\n\nI can tell from the rest of their dialogue that he definitely gives her a week\nand she's grateful for it. But I would have thought he would say something\nlike 「僕｛ぼく｝があげる時間｛じかん｝。。。」 not 「稼｛かせ｝げる時間｛じかん｝」, since his work wasn't part of\nthe conversation at all and isn't part of it after this sentence either.\n\nFrom my research, 稼｛かせ｝げる means to work or earn money, and neither of those\ndefinitions make sense to me in that sentence. I just don't get what that verb\nis supposed to mean here. Can someone help me pleasseee?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-18T01:10:33.120",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Question about these sentences with 稼｛かせ｝げる",
"view_count": 283
} | [
{
"body": "稼ぐ primarily means \"to earn money\", but its object can be almost any\nintangible thing gained through hard work.\n\n * 点数を稼ぐ to get scores (sports)\n * マイルを稼ぐ to earn miles\n * 経験値を稼ぐ to grind experience points (game)\n\n時間を稼ぐ is usually translated as **\" to buy time\"**. The verb used is different,\nbut this is a set phrase you have to remember. Note that this guy does not\nhave any \"free time\" to give to her yet; he is going to manage to \"buy time\"\nfrom now in one way or another.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-18T02:48:29.960",
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| 82678 | 82682 | 82682 |
{
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"body": "Would \"悪くならない” be used correctly if we're referring to food and how it won't\ngo bad as fast because of preservatives and can it be used instead of using\n\"日持ち”? I know that \"warukunaranai\" means \"it won't go bad\" or \"it won't turn\nbad\" but is it an appropriate replacement?\n\nFor better context, we saw a video in class about food additives and we were\nrighting down pros and cons of food preservatives, and for one of the pros the\nteacher typed \"悪くならない（保存料）” \"warukunaranai (hozonryou)\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-18T01:26:07.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82679",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T06:04:29.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40926",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Is \"悪くならない” an okay replacement for \"日持ち”?",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "Using 悪くならない for food is a stable choice that means \"don't spoil\". But just in\ncase, it is not an _exact_ replacement for 日持ち, as the word is a noun\n\"capacity of lasting long\" (no derived verb or adjective usage). What replaces\n悪くならない as a whole is 日持ちが良い or 日持ち（が）する.\n\n悪くならない保存料 would mean \"preservative that doesn't let (food) spoil\". It may\nsound weird, but is a basic grammatical mechanism in Japanese often referred\nto as こんにゃく文: comes from the typical example こんにゃくは太らない \"Konjak doesn't\n**cause you to** gain weight\" (not \"konjak doesn't gain weight\").",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-19T07:29:21.870",
"id": "82695",
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| 82679 | null | 82695 |
{
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"body": "I like to translate K-pop and anime themes as a hobby to help me understand\nand memorize the language. In Gurenge, a certain line sticks out: 夜の匂いに 空睨んでも.\nMy research suggests that if Sora comes before an adjective or verb, then it\ncould mean \"fake\". Is that the case here, or does Sora not have its own\ngrammar particle (に), because it would be repeating the exact same syllable?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-18T03:42:04.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82683",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-18T13:33:27.913",
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"tags": [
"conjugations",
"grammar",
"poetry"
],
"title": "空睨んでも - how can I tell when sora is being used for something other than the sky",
"view_count": 97
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{
"body": "I think that 空 means \"sky\" here and that the sentence means:\n\n> even if I look up the sky in the scent of the night",
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| 82683 | null | 82685 |
{
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"body": "I came across this paragraph in\n[クリスマス・カロル](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000914/files/4328_8144.html):\n\n>\n> 彼女は非常に美しかった。図抜けて美しかった。えくぼのある、吃驚したような、素敵な顔をして接吻されるために造られたかと思われるような――確にその通りでもあるのだが――豊かな小さい口をしていた。頤の辺りには、あらゆる種類の小さな可愛らしい斑点があって、それが笑うと一緒に溶けてしまったものだ。それからどんな可憐な少女の頭にも見られないような、極めて晴れやかな一対の眼を持っていた。\n> **引括めて云えば** 、彼女は **気を揉ませるな** とでも云いたいような女であった。しかし世話女房式な、おお、どこまでも世話女房式な女であった。\n\n 1. And I am not sure how to read 引括めて云えば.\n\nWhen I searched in dictionaries I came across 引っ括る （ひっくくる）. So I thought that\nmaybe I could read it as ひっくくめて云えば。coming from the verb 引っ括める (I have not been\nable to find such verb in dictionaries). Would that be right?\n\n 2. Also I am not sure about な. Is it working as an emphaziser since it is the narrator who is describing the woman?:\n\n彼女は 「気を揉ませるな」とでも云いたい = I want to say that she made worry, you know?\n\n 3. And about 気を揉む. The definition for this verb is: _to worry; to fret; to get anxious. Idiomatic expression_\n\nThe version in English for the sentence:\n\n「引括めて云えば、彼女は **気を揉ませるな** とでも云いたいような女であった。しかし世話女房式な、おお、どこまでも世話女房式な女であった。」\n\nis:\n\n「Although she was what you would have called provoking, you know, but\nsatisfactory, too. Oh, perfectly satisfactory.」\n\nSo when I analyse the sentence, I think that the translator decided to use\n気を揉ませる to say that this woman made you worry when you saw (she was provoking,\nin the english version).\n\nWould my assumptions be right in the three things I am asking about?\n\nよろしくお願い致します。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-18T16:46:51.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82687",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-19T04:15:23.860",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-18T16:59:25.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How can one read 引括めて云えば、in クリスマス・カロル",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, the original English text written by Dickens is this (obtained\nfrom [this page](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46/46-h/46-h.htm) in Project\nGutenberg):\n\n> **Altogether** she was what you would have called provoking, you know; but\n> satisfactory, too. Oh, perfectly satisfactory.\n\nThe first word is not _although_ but _altogether_.\n\n* * *\n\n引っ括める is\n[ひっくるめる](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%BC%95%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B).\nひっくるめて言えば means \"in a nutshell\", \"all in all\", \"after all\", etc.\n\nWe don't usually write this verb as 引っ括める today. Kanji usage was not very\nstandardized in the past. It's still possible to guess the reading if you know\nthe verb, though.\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the remaining part... just looking at the Japanese version, it roughly\nmeans \"She was a kind of person who might say 'Do not bother me'. But at the\nsame time, she was a kind of person who loves to take care of her family.\"\nModern speakers might call something like this _tsundere_ :) (I don't know if\nthis is a good translation of provoking-yet-satisfactory, but it may not be\nthat far-fetched.)\n\nMore literally:\n\n * 気を揉む to worry\n * 気を揉ませる to make someone worry\n * 気を揉ませるな Don't make me worry\n * 気を揉ませるなと言いたい to want to say \"Don't make me worry\"\n * 気を揉ませるなと言いたいような女 a woman who appears as if she wants to say \"don't make me worry\"",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-19T03:43:29.897",
"id": "82693",
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| 82687 | null | 82693 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82690",
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"body": "I don’t get how \"日本語が上手になるように毎日勉強しています\" (日本語が上手になる) is a non-volitional\nverb/uncontrollable verb (Uncontrollable Verb - 雨が降る can’t control when it\nrains. 朝になった can’t control time) I understand that \"早く良くなるように休んでください\" (早く良くなる)\nis a non-volitional Verb since you can’t control how someone recovers but why\ncan’t you control becoming/be better at Japanese by studying? For example:\n\"医者になるために毎日勉強しています\" (医者になる)become a doctor by studying/going to a medical\nschool.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-18T17:06:18.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82688",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-18T18:30:43.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "40932",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Volitional verb (意志動詞) and non-volitional verbs (無意志動詞)",
"view_count": 3063
} | [
{
"body": "## Volitionals and Non-Volitionals\n\n[意志動詞【いしどうし】 and\n無意志動詞【むいしどうし】](http://www7a.biglobe.ne.jp/nifongo/1h93fy/ishi.html) are verbs\nthat have \"volition\" or verbs without \"volition\". Volition in this context is\nthe ability of the agent to control the action. In a volitional verb, the verb\nis an expression of the agent's will. Non-volitionals, on the other hand, are\nverbs that are not controlled by the agent and occur spontaneously.\n**Volitionals verbs must be used with agents that have a \"will\" they can\nimpose, like people, animals, or personified objects.**\n\nDo not confuse this with 他動詞【たどうし】(transitive verbs) and\n自動詞【じどうし】(intransitive verbs). Although a large majority of 意志動詞 are 他動詞, some\nare not. Here are some examples:\n\n> 落【お】とす - Transitive, volitional \n> 座る【すわる】 - Intransitive, volitional \n> 落ちる【おちる】 - Intransitive, non-volitional\n\n## になる\n\nSo where does になる fit into all of this? Well, it [seems to have a special\nplace](https://jn1et.com/verb-has-ones-will/) depending on the context. For\nexample, the phrase 「先生【せんせい】になる」makes なる a verb of volition while\n「病気【びょうき】になる」 makes it a non-volitional. The reason for this is you cannot\ncontrol whether you \"become sick\" or not. An easy test for this is adding ください\nto the end.\n\n> 先生【せんせい】になってください \n> Please become a teacher.\n\nThis is a perfectly valid sentence. Whether you do or do not become a teacher\nis under your own control.\n\n> 病気【びょうき】になってください \n> Please get sick.\n\nThis is grammatically incorrect. You do not control whether you get sick or\nnot. If someone asked you to \"get sick\" the best you could do is probably sit\nin the rain and hope you get sick. You are not in control. The article I\nreferenced seems to agree with this notion, but apparently there are scholars\nwho disagree as well, because you could technically ask someone to at least\ntry to get sick.\n\nI want to say that this topic is sometimes debated, and as @Eiríkr Útlendi has\ndemonstrated in the comments, なる is [often listed as an example of\n無意志動詞](https://nihon5-bunka.net/difference-intransitive-non-volitional-verb/).\n\nThere are definitely other verbs can be both volitional and non-volitional.\nFor example, in 「家【いえ】をでる」, 出る【でる】 is volitional. However, in 「水【みず】が出る【でる】」,\n出る is non-volitional.\n\n## なるために、なるように\n\nFrom what I have learned, ために is only used when the clause before it is\ndirectly controlled by the speaker. It is an expression of the agent's will.\n**The clause before ために must express volition. On the other hand, the clause\nbefore ように should not express volition of the agent** ( _Emphasis on \"agent\".\nように may express volition of a different subject—please see the comment\nsection_). Finally, agent of the first clause in a sentence using ために must be\nthe same as the agent of the second clause.\n\nA more intuitive way to explain this is that ために implies full control of the\nsituation while ように implies that the agent does not have full control. Here\nare some examples from\n[Chiebukuro](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1388715483):\n\n> 医者【いしゃ】になるために、一生懸命【いっしょうけんめい】勉強【べんきょう】しています。◎ \n> 医者【いしゃ】になるように、一生懸命【いっしょうけんめい】勉強【べんきょう】しています。× \n> Study hard to become a doctor.\n\nThe second sentence is incorrect because なる here is a volitional. You control\nwhether or not you become a doctor, so this can only be used with ために. As for\n上手, 「日本語が上手になる」 makes なる a 無意志動詞 because 日本語 becomes the agent of the verb,\nwhich cannot have volition since it is an inanimate thing.\n\n> 日本語が上手になるために、一生懸命【いっしょうけんめい】勉強【べんきょう】しています。☓ \n> 日本語が上手になるように、一生懸命【いっしょうけんめい】勉強【べんきょう】しています。〇 \n> In order for my Japanese to get better, I am studying my hardest.\n\nAnother reason why this first sentence is invalid is because the agent of the\nfirst clause （日本語）is different from that of the second （私）.\n\n## More Examples of 意志動詞 and 無意志動詞\n\nある＝無意志動詞 \nいる＝意志動詞 \n喧嘩【けんか】をする＝意志動詞 \nできる＝無意志動詞 \n寝る＝意志動詞 \n出す＝意志動詞 \n\nRelated Posts: [なります intransitive verb - volitional/non-\nvolitional](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68991/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-intransitive-\nverb-volitional-non-volitional)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-18T22:20:36.330",
"id": "82690",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-19T09:17:50.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-19T09:17:50.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "21657",
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "82688",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 82688 | 82690 | 82690 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82692",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to ask about \"住まい\" meaning. I know that \"一番大変\" is the hardest.\nAnd I also search about \"住まい\" and they said it's \"address, home, live,\ndwelling, residence\". But there are no word that suit with \"the hardest\" and\nit's no make sense. Or this is a figurative sentence??\n\nThank you in advanced.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-18T17:12:32.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82689",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-19T03:06:38.073",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of \"住まい\" in \"住まいが一番大変\" sentence?",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "Please don't omit the context and the full sentence. So is this the full\nsentence you are asking about?\n\n> 衣食住の中では住、住まいが一番大変。\n\nThen it means \"Among 衣食住, 住 is the hardest\". 衣食住【いしょくじゅう】 is a compound that\nrefers to the three basic necessities in our life (衣 = clothing, 食 = eating, 住\n= sheltering/housing/housekeeping).\n\n住まい refers to the same thing as 住 here. Since 住 is a short on-reading which\nmakes little sense in isolation, this person rephrased it as 住まい, which is a\nwago that means the same thing.\n\nBut what this 住 (= 住まい) actually translates to depends on the context. It may\nrefer to buying a new physical house, or it may refer to housekeeping jobs\nsuch as cleaning. The sentence may just mean \"I like cooking but cleaning my\nhouse is a hard task to me\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-19T03:06:38.073",
"id": "82692",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82689",
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"score": 2
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| 82689 | 82692 | 82692 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I found this sentence in the lyrics of a song:\n\n> 振り返れ **ば** もう戻れない **から**\n\nI don't understand the context and the function of から placed in this sentence.\n\nThe song is this:\n\n<http://m.kget.jp/lyric.php?song=260055>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-19T01:53:23.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82691",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-19T01:53:23.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"conditionals",
"particle-から",
"japanese-to-english",
"context"
],
"title": "What is the function of から in this sentence?",
"view_count": 36
} | []
| 82691 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am uncertain about the usage of まで in case of punctual/static verbs in this\nVerb (Plain) + まで + Verb (present/future or past) form. Which means, do\nsomething till something.\n\n> Present/Future Tense\n\nIn case of durative verb, using the Present/Future form makes sense\n\nE.g. 私は行くまで食べ物を食べます Meaning I will eat until I go\n\nHowever, when I use punctual/stative verb it does not make any sense, as the\nfunction of まで implies doing something until xyz happens. Now, since punctual\nverb are completed when performed once. So the following sentence, as per me,\ndoes not make any sense.\n\n私は行くまで明かりをつけます\n\n(Roughly it can mean, till I go, I will turn on the light)\n\n * Inference 1: Further, as per my little understanding, since まで is used I tend to think that he will perform tha action of turning on the light again and again until he goes, which I do not want to convey.\n\nWhat I want to convey is that I will turn on the lights (and keep them in that\ncondition) until I go.\n\n> Past Tense\n\nSimilar problem applies in this case as well. In case of Durative verb, using\npast form will work as well.\n\nE.g. 私は行くまで食べ物を食べました. Meaning I ate until I went.\n\nHowever, when I use Punctual verb again with まで\n\nE.g. 私は行くまで明かりをつけました。\n\n * Inference 2: The same inference, as per my understanding, that i was turning the lights on again and again comes into picture due to the nature of particle まで, which i do not want to convey.\n\nAs I wanted to convey was that until I went (left) I turned on the light (and\nit was in that state until I went)\n\n> Usage of ていた instead of た\n\nI think the past tense problems is solved by using ていた (past perfect) e.g.\n私は行くまで明かりをつけていた. Meaning I had turned on the lights till I left. However, I am\nnot sure about that.\n\n 1. Question 1: Is my 1st Inference/understanding correct i.e. 私は行くまで明かりをつけます (does not make any sense). If yes, can you give me an alternative, as I wanted to convey that, What I want to convey is that I will turn on the lights (and keep them in that condition) until I go.\n\n 2. Question 2: Is my 2nd inference/understanding correct i.e. 私は行くまで明かりをつけました (does not mean any sense). If yes can you give me an alternative as what i wanted to convey was Until I went I turned on the lights (and they were on till I left).\n\n 3. Question 3: Can ていた replace た in Verb(plain) + まで + Verb(Past)\n\nありがとう\n\n教えてください",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-19T09:57:14.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82696",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-21T13:55:50.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Usage of まで in this Verb (Plain) + まで form+ Verb (Present/Future or Past)",
"view_count": 187
} | []
| 82696 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82708",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following sentence appears in [this\nvideo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DX0X4JZ7MHc&list=PLCJsqOnZYba7THbRVN518XifFurnwAUKr&index=3)\nat around 7 min:\n\n> 教科書の中でキツツキは木に穴をあける **とありました** が、一秒間のうちに何回どんどんどんどんってできるでしょうか？\n\nThe follwing sentence appears [in this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9847/what-is-the-\nfunction-of-%E3%81%A8-in-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B/9942#9942):\n\n> \"メニューには売り切れ **とある** \" (menu says [it is] sold out.)\n\nI want to know what do 「と」 and 「ある」 mean in these sentences?\n\nIn [this Japanese\ndictionary](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B), 「とある」 got a\nmeaning:\n\n```\n\n according to; reads; reading; is written; says; states. Abbreviation, See also と書いてある\n \n```\n\nbut, how does it abbreviate from と書いてある?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-19T17:04:10.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82697",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-20T02:07:21.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "40606",
"owner_user_id": "40606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does 「とある」 mean in these sentences?",
"view_count": 1105
} | [
{
"body": "～とある can be reworded using ～と書いてある in most of the times, but it doesn't mean\nthat it is the abbreviation of the latter. \"The sign reads 'STOP'.\" is a kind\nof peculiar grammar too, so to speak, but not an abbreviation of \"The sign can\nbe read 'STOP'.\"\n\nThis と is quotative. The so-called \"quotative\" と isn't just for closing\nquotations; its real function is to convert an arbitrary language snippet into\nan adverbial clause in a sentence. Thus the phrase ～と modifies the verb ある.\n\n> 教科書の中でキツツキは木に穴をあけるとありました \n> \"in the textbook, there was literally 'woodpeckers make holes in trees'\" \n> = \"the textbook had (a content) literally 'woodpeckers make holes in\n> trees'\" \n> = \"the textbook (we saw) says 'woodpeckers make holes in trees'\"\n\nIncidentally, the past tense ありました does not mean that it no longer _says_ in\nthis context, but they no longer _see_ the textbook, as you see in the\ntranslation above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T05:28:19.433",
"id": "82708",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "82697",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 82697 | 82708 | 82708 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82703",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence is from\n[here](https://bilingualmanga.com/manga/kuro/chapter-1/5-2). The previous\nsentence is:\n\n「そんなに目が見えないくらい。」\n\nThe translation given is \"Where you always like this?\".\n\nI can't find 「真っ無」 in any dictionary, and a Google search for it only returns\n4 results, none of which were helpful.\n\nI assume this is some sort of colloquial grammar?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-19T19:06:30.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82701",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T01:45:05.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「真{ま｝っ無｛む｝」 in the sentence 「真っ無だったかな。」?",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "It's clear from the context that this is a typo for 真っ黒だったかな (with furigana\napplied by some kind of automatic process).\n\nThe interpretation of the first line would then be:\n\n> クロを[飼]{か}っていて [前]{まえ}とちょっと[違]{ちが}うなって[思]{おも}うことがあります\n\nSince I started keeping Kuro, there's times that I think something's changed\nfrom before...\n\n> そんなに[目]{め}が[見]{み}えないくらい[真]{ま}っ[黒]{くろ}だったかな\n\nI wonder, was Kuro always so black that you almost couldn't see him at all?\n\nAs I observed in my comment, even if the intended reading was _mammu_ , this\ncan only be written as まんむ by the rules of Japanese orthography, and not まっむ.\nAs such, I think it's more likely some automatic furigana process has failed\nto understand what to do with まっむ, and the intended intepretation is\n[真]{ま}っ[黒]{くろ} (\"pitch black\").",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T01:39:03.660",
"id": "82703",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T01:45:05.157",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-20T01:45:05.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "82701",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 82701 | 82703 | 82703 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82704",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm working on a project for my Japanese class. I'm writing about Sweden's\nright of public access (allemansrätten) (yes, I had to look up a lot of\nvocabulary) and trying to say \"the constitution only says...\" or \"all the\nconstitution says is that, notwithstanding the protection of property,\neveryone will have the right of public access\". My attempt was\n\"けんぽうで、みなさんはざいさんけんにかかわらずしぜんきょうじゅけんがあるだけと言う\". The grader corrected this to\n\"けんぽうで、みなさんはざいさんけんにかかわらずしぜんきょうじゅけんがあるからと言う\", but that didn't seem right to me\nso I talked to 先生. His correction was\n\"けんぽうで、みなさんはざいさんけんにかかわらずしぜんきょうじゅけんがあるだけだと言う\", but that seems to me like \"only\"\nis part of the quote, so I just wanted to check.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T00:41:53.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82702",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T01:48:25.400",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-20T01:24:45.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "26558",
"owner_user_id": "26558",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"All [sth.] says is ...\"",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "I would use 「～とだけ」 or 「～としか...ない」.\n\n「～～とだけ[言]{い}っている・[書]{か}いてある」「～～としか言っていない・書いていない」\n\n> [憲法]{けんぽう}には、～～とだけ書いてある。 \n> 憲法には、～～としか書いていない。 \n> 憲法は、～～としか言っていない。\n\n* * *\n\n> His correction was \"けんぽうで、みなさんはざいさんけんにかかわらずしぜんきょうじゅけんがあるだけだと言う\", but that\n> seems to me like \"only\" is part of the quote\n\nI agree with you. 「～があるだけだと言う」 would mean \"It says that you only have ~~.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T01:43:05.330",
"id": "82704",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T01:48:25.400",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-20T01:48:25.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "82702",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 82702 | 82704 | 82704 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I believe that it means `I have to become strong` but I don't really know how\nthe grammar works in the sentence. I know it's using `強い` and I guess `なる` in\npotencial form\n\nPleas explain to me how this works",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T02:11:09.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82705",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T02:24:25.510",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40081",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"i-adjectives",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "僕が強くならなきゃ from 月の大きさ song",
"view_count": 42
} | []
| 82705 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N1NAi.png)\n\ni am thinking of whether the grammar in the question is. Ive never seen any\nproblems like this. What is the case? And how should I answer this question?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T02:55:36.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82706",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T03:04:39.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40955",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "grammar question: ka? or ga? And what is the grammar?",
"view_count": 45
} | []
| 82706 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82715",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Full text:\nさらに検索エンジンの内部では、ユーザーがこれまでにサービスを利用した履歴を集めて興味の範囲が似ているユーザーを類型化しておいて、類型化された好みを検索結果の並べ方に反映します。\n\nMy understanding: Furthermore, the search engine's internal system collects\nthe user's previous use of service, personal history to categorize it with\nsimilar ranges of interest, and then reflects these categorized preferences in\na similar order of search results.\n\nMy Issue: 類型化しておいて. Should we translate this as \"categorize\" or \"classify\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T09:31:07.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82710",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T15:06:43.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "類型化しておいて. Should we translate this as \"categorize\" or \"classify\"?",
"view_count": 45
} | [
{
"body": "Please look for the context and the exact method they are using. If this\narticle explicitly mentions predefined クラス or カテゴリ near this sentence, you\nprobably should use _classify_ or _categorize_ accordingly. If that's not the\ncase, this sentence is probably an explanation of [automatic\nclustering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis#World_wide_web), so\nboth _classify_ and _categorize_ work, but _group_ may be enough, too.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T15:06:43.170",
"id": "82715",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T15:06:43.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82710",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 82710 | 82715 | 82715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82714",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does 総会屋 refer to **only one person** who extorts companies or does it refer\nto **a group of people** who are dedicated to extorting companies?\n\nI'm translating the next sentence, and I have doubts about how to translate\n総会屋.\n\n►\n自らが、暴力団員による不当な行為の防止等に関する法律第２条第二号に規定する暴力団、暴力団関係企業、総会屋若しくはこれらに準ずる者又はその構成員(以下総称して「反社会的勢力」という。)ではないこと。\n\nMy attempt:\n\n► Not being a member or an associated party to an organized criminal group, a\ncompany related to organized criminal groups or a **group engaged in extortion\nor blackmail of companies (sōkaiya)** (hereinafter all considered as\n\"antisocial forces\") , in conformity with ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T12:23:58.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82712",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T15:12:16.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning and translation of 総会屋",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "総会屋 can refer to both a person and a group of people:\n\n> ### [総会屋](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%8F%E4%BC%9A%E5%B1%8B)\n>\n> 株主としての権利行使を濫用することで会社等から不当に金品を収受、または要求する **者および組織** を指す。\n\n反社会的勢力 refers to both, too:\n\n> ###\n> [反社会的勢力](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%A2%E5%8A%9B)\n>\n> 暴力や威力、または詐欺的手法を駆使した不当な要求行為により経済的利益を追求する **集団又は個人の総称** である\n\nBut in your sentence, 総会屋 is used as a group name because it's clearly used\nwith other group names (暴力団, 暴力団関係企業), followed by 又はその構成員. If I read this\ncorrectly, this **自ら** by itself can be either a person or an organization:\n\n> 暴力団、暴力団関係企業、総会屋若しくはこれらに準ずる者... \n> 暴力団, 暴力団関係企業, 総会屋 and similar entities...\n>\n> ...又はその構成員 \n> ...or members of such entities\n\nNote that 者 in legal contexts [can refer to an\norganization](https://www.zukairoppo.com/glossary-hito). And where did\n\"associated party\" come from in your translation? I think neither これらに準ずる者 nor\n構成員 means that.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T14:36:38.303",
"id": "82714",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T15:12:16.497",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-20T15:12:16.497",
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}
]
| 82712 | 82714 | 82714 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating a lease agreement and I would like to know what does 賃料相当額\nexactly refer to in the next sentence.\n\n►\n前項の規定にかかわらず、乙は解約申入れの日から30日分の賃料又は賃料相当額を甲に支払うことにより、解約申入れの日から起算して30日を経過する日までの間、随時に本契約を終了することができる。\n\n► Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, by paying to the\nA party the rent for 30 days since the date of the termination request, or\n**the equivalent rent** , the B party may terminate this contract at any time\nwithin 30 days from the day of the termination request.\n\nContext → 前項: 乙は、甲に対して30日前までに解約の申入れを行うことにより、本契約を終了することができる。\n\nWhat does the \"equivalent rent\" refer to? I don't exactly know to what is\nequivalent this rent.\n\nIf you could help me, I'd appreciate it a lot.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T17:56:13.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82717",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-22T02:44:33.923",
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"owner_user_id": "29677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 賃料相当額",
"view_count": 74
} | [
{
"body": "Strictly speaking, it's not a Japanese question but a legal one.\n\nA rent is an amount of money paid in exchange for using the room or building.\nTherefore, after a fact that a person uses the facility ceases to exist for\nsome reason, transferring money in the name of \"rent\" may lose its legal\nground. In such case, one can describe it 賃料相当額 \"rent equivalent\" to ensure\nthat the lender can claim the same amount as the monthly basis rent in case of\nearly termination.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T02:44:33.923",
"id": "82738",
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"score": 3
}
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| 82717 | null | 82738 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82720",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’ve learned the difference between しか~ない and だけ. But I’m still struggling to\nunderstand the difference between ばかり and だけ. (Feel free to explain しか~ない if\nyou want to)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T19:38:45.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82718",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T21:12:13.100",
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"owner_user_id": "40932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ばかり and だけ",
"view_count": 1180
} | [
{
"body": "ばかり has a nuance of being a lot, or too much. Depending on when it is used the\nspeaker may be trying to express there negative feelings or disapproval for\nsomething or a situation. だけ generally only refers to a limit. There is this,\nand nothing else.\n\n最近ニンジンばかり食べています。 \n最近ニンジンだけ食べています。\n\nThe above sentences both translate to \"recently I am eating only carrots\".\nBut, the first sentence suggests that the speaker would like to be eating\nsomething else. The second sentence sounds more like it is a choice and for\nsome reasons they are deciding to eat nothing but carrots.\n\nAlso, the first sentence may also be a dramatic way to say that someone is\neating too many carrots but may actually also be eating other things.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-20T21:12:13.100",
"id": "82720",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-20T21:12:13.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40768",
"parent_id": "82718",
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}
]
| 82718 | 82720 | 82720 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came across \"datte\" for example: \"だって眠くないんだもの\" Is this specific to\na dialect or used all over Japan?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T01:28:53.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82722",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-30T14:41:29.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40964",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Is the use of \"だって” regional or is it used everywhere?",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "This [だって](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6/) is\na word recognized by dictionaries. It is a part of the Standard Japanese\nvocabulary and safely understood in casual conversation without showing\npeculiar color, if not everyone from every region uses it spontaneously.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-30T14:41:29.743",
"id": "82885",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-30T14:41:29.743",
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}
]
| 82722 | null | 82885 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82762",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JXGH7.png)\n\nThe above image is screengrabbed from the intro to ロンドン精霊探偵団, a story set in\n19th century London. This is a line from the prologue. It reads:\n\n> その予感が \n> 人々の中に芽生え始めようとしていた **なかで** \n> きままに暮らす ひとりの少年がいた……\n\nI have highlighted a string of kana in bold. How should this string be read?\n\nI see the volitional form of 始める followed by としていた, meaning \"was about to\nbegin\", but I can't tell if なかで is particles, words, conjugation, or some\ncombination thereof. What does なかで do to this sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T01:36:09.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82723",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T07:42:41.960",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-24T09:16:32.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "40965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"kana"
],
"title": "Unknown string of kana \"-始めようとしていたなかで-\"?",
"view_count": 1610
} | [
{
"body": "## The construction「〜なかで」\n\nOn the Japan Foundation website, you can download a PDF that outlines [the\ndifferences between なか and\nうち](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/archive/globe/09/report.html#no12).\nWhile that particular issue is not relevant to the question, the document\nexplains all sorts of grammatical constructions using なか, including\nthe「〜なかで」construction.\n\nThere are two distinct usages according to the document, which the author\nrefers to as type A and type B respectively.\n\n### Type A\n\nThe first usage described in the document is that of type A. Here, the\nconstruction「〜なかで」can describe something such as an action, a state, an event,\netc. within a general or broad setting that can give rise to that thing. The\nauthor refers to this broad setting as the _frame_. I'll try to illustrate\nwhat this means by clarifying the examples given in the document:\n\n>\n> 道元{どうげん}は「正{しょう}法{ぼう}眼{げん}蔵{ぞう}」という本{ほん}のなかで、そのような禅{ぜん}の悟{さと}りについてくわしく述{の}べている。\n>\n> Throughout his book, the Shōbōgenzō, Dōgen provides detailed explanations\n> about the concept of enlightenment in zen buddhism.\n\n * Frame: The collection of works written by the Japanese zen buddhist monk Dōgen\n * Within that frame: detailed explanations about enlightenment in zen buddhism\n\n> しかし、このような高度{こうど}成長{せいちょう}、日本{にほん}社会{しゃかい}のなかで、いろいろな問題{もんだい}を起{お}こしました。\n>\n> However, such high growth of the economy has brought about various problems\n> within the Japanese society.\n\n * Frame: the Japanese society\n * Within that frame: various societal problems\n\n>\n> このような幕政{ばくせい}のなかで、西南{せいなん}日本{にほん}の大藩{たいはん}を中心{ちゅうしん}にして、尊王攘夷{そんのうじょうい}のうごきがかたまりました。\n>\n> The Sonnō jōi movement was established around the south-western clan domains\n> under the Shogunate's rule.\n\n * Frame: when the Shogunate was active\n * Within that frame: a movement favouring the emperor and opposing the Shogunate was established\n\nAs you can see, the frame can be something well-defined (inside a book) or it\ncan be a bit more abstract and vague (within society, under the\nadministration).\n\n### Type B\n\nWhile type A uses「〜なかで」to relate a certain frame or setting to events or\nactions that could occur within that frame, type B uses「〜なかで」more specifically\nto represent one or more options out of a range or a set of options. You're\nmost likely more familiar with type B than type A, but I'll clarify with some\nmore examples.\n\n> それでもフランスは、ヨーロッパのなかでスウェーデンに次{つ}いで結婚率{けっこんりつ}が低{ひく}い国{くに}だ。\n>\n> Nevertheless, France has the second lowest marriage rate in Europe after\n> Sweden.\n\nRange of choices: European countries\n\n> このころは、子供{こども}のなかで、男子{だんし}が一人だけ家{いえ}をつぐことになっていました。\n>\n> At the time, of all the children only one boy was to become head of the\n> family.\n\nRange of choices: the children of a certain family\n\n## To answer your question\n\nThere's another piece in the prologue preceding your screenshot. Putting both\ntogether looks like this\n\n> 19世紀{せいき}ロンドン・・・・・・・\n>\n> 何{なに}もかもが\n>\n> 大{おお}きく変{かわ}わろうとしていた時代{じだい}・・・・・・\n>\n> 人々{ひとびと}が過去{かこ}のすべてを捨{す}て\n>\n> 輝{かがや}いて見{み}える未来{みらい}へと\n>\n> 夢中{むちゅう}で走{はしり}り出{だ}そうとしていた時代{じだい}・・・・・・\n>\n> その予感{よかん}が\n>\n> 人々{ひとびと}の中{なか}に芽生{めば}え始{はじ}めようとしていたなかで\n>\n> きままに暮{く}らす 一人{ひとり}の少年{しょうねん}がいた・・・・・・\n\nSince there is no clear set or range of choices, this usage of「〜なかで」is of type\nA. The thing that's happening is the last sentence:\n\n> There was a young boy who lived a carefree life.\n\nWhereas the frame is contained in the previous sentence:\n\n> While a glimmer of hope for a better future budded among the citizens of\n> London\n\nWhere the whole _glimmer of hope_ stuff is contained in「その予感」I believe.\n\nI'm not 100% confident in my translations quite yet, but I hope this helps!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-23T23:40:58.323",
"id": "82762",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 82723 | 82762 | 82762 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across 相手 in this paragraph:\n\n「どうしていいか分からないな！」と、スクルージは笑いながら、同時にまた泣きながら喚いた。そして、靴下を **相手**\nにラオコーンそっくりの様子をして見せたものだ。「俺は羽毛のように軽い、天使のように楽しく、学童のように愉快だよ。俺はまた酔漢のように眼が廻る。皆さん聖降誕祭お目出度う！\n世界中の皆さんよ、新年お目出度う！ いよう、ここだ！ ほーう！ ようよう！」\n\nHow is it working inside the sentence?\n\nIn the sentence 「そして、靴下を **相手** にラオコーンそっくりの様子をして見せたものだ。」I think it is saying\nsomething like 「He showed the appearance of Laocoon by making his socks his\npartner」\n\nIs my translation ok? Would it be ok if one omitted 相手?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T02:10:44.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82724",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-21T08:56:03.300",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33280",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How is 相手 working here?",
"view_count": 92
} | [
{
"body": "It appears you looked up the meaning of `相手` and found that it can mean\n`partner`. It has that meaning sometimes, but in this case it is better to\nthink of it as meaning `the person (or thing) that you are interacting with`.\nSo in the example sentence when it says `靴下を相手に`, Scrooge is\ninteracting/dealing with his socks. With that in mind you could make the\nfollowing literal translation:\n\n> He showed the appearance of a Laocoon in dealing with his socks.\n\nHaving said that, are you aware that you are reading a Japanese translation of\na book that was originally written in English? The original English excerpt is\nthe following:\n\n> “I don't know what to do!\" cried Scrooge, laughing and crying in the same\n> breath; **and making a perfect Laocoön of himself with his stockings.**\n\nAs you can see in the original, it only uses \"with his stockings\", but I\nbelieve the Japanese uses `を相手に` to emphasize there was more of a concerted\neffort (struggle) involved. Also, keep in mind this book is from 1843, so its\nis a Japanese translation of English from the 19th century...",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-21T08:50:38.637",
"id": "82726",
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| 82724 | null | 82726 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82733",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm playing a game and I came across a dialog where a person says:\n\n```\n\n 置いてくもん置いてきゃ\n 許してやらなくもないぜオラァ！\n \n```\n\nAnd I'm having a difficult time understanding how this grammar was formed. I\nam mainly lost on the `置いてくもん置いてきゃ` part. I do not understand what `置いてくもん` is\nat all and it seems like `置いてきゃ` was formed by doing:\n\n```\n\n 置いていく → 置いていけば → 置いていきゃ → 置いてきゃ\n \n If you leave...\n \n```\n\nSo what is and how is the `置いてくもん` part formed?\n\nMy translation overall is something like:\n\n```\n\n You better leave... If you leave...\n Well then perhaps we can forgive you!\n \n```\n\nBackground context of the situation:\n\nDuring this part of the game a cutscene is played where you are running down a\npath and ram into a group of 3 people. You knock them all down to the ground\nin the process. Once they get up, they show their anger and say the above.\nUltimately the game puts you into a fight with them where you must beat them\nup.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T06:23:12.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82725",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-21T16:17:48.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-21T12:33:16.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "30339",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Unknown contractions and grammar in harsh language using 置いてくもん",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "> 置いてくもん置いてきゃ\n\nIt's a colloquial, contracted pronunciation of\n\n> 置いていくものを置いていけば \n> \"If you leave what you (are supposed to) leave\"\n\nIt consists of:\n\n置いていく(置いて行く) ⇒ 置いてく \nもの(物) ⇒ もん \nを is left out \n置いていけば(置いて行けば) ⇒ 置いてきゃ\n\n置いてく is a relative clause that modifies もん. \n［置いてく］もん literally means \"things [that you leave]\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T16:10:08.493",
"id": "82733",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-21T16:17:48.417",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-21T16:17:48.417",
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"parent_id": "82725",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 82725 | 82733 | 82733 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82734",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "寝室で血まみれになって倒れている山村さんを発見して110番した。\n\nCan I just say 寝室で血まみれに倒れている山村さんを発見して110番した。\n\nIf not, then when should I use になって to describe a verb?\n\nContext:遺体が見つかったのは、10月11日午後2時ごろ。2日続けてアルバイトを欠勤した山村さんを心配した親族の女性らが部屋を訪れ、寝室で血まみれになって倒れている山村さんを発見して110番した。犯行現場は寝室とみられ、それ以外の部屋にも血痕があったという。\n\nThanks for reading my question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T09:11:30.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82727",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-21T17:13:50.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40064",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why になって and not just use an adverb?",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "I think if we were to interpret the modified phrase in your sentence, you\nwould get something like this:\n\n> 血まみれに倒れている \n> Falling down bloodied.\n\nWhich, in my opinion, doesn't make much sense here. By turning 血まみれ into an\nadverb, you are modifying the _verb_ , as per its name. \"Covered in blood\"\nisn't really describing how 山村さん fell, it describes 山村さん themself. The\noriginal sentence allows 血まみれ to become a \"state of being\" by adding になっている to\nit.\n\nIf you were to break down the sentence into separate statements, this is\nlikely what you would get:\n\n> 血まみれになっている山村さん。 \n> Yamamura-san, who was covered in blood.\n\n> 倒れている山村さん。 \n> Yamamura-san, who was collapsed.\n\n倒れている and 血まみれになっている have the same functions here. They describe the state\nthat 山村さん is in.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-21T17:13:50.367",
"id": "82734",
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| 82727 | 82734 | 82734 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82731",
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"body": "I have difficulty to understand the expression in the following sentence\n\n> \"その美少女は、髪と同色の、透き通った水色の瞳をパチパチさせ、状況が摑めず固まったままの俺をじっと見ていた\"\n\nIt has been translated as:\n\n> This beauty stare at me with eyes the same light blue as her hair, blinking\n> at my inability to understand what had happened.\n\nContext: the protagonist wakes up in the after life in front of a beauty who\nannounces that he has just died.\n\nFirst I do not undestand why it is が not を that was used. I thought it was\n状況を摑める\n\nSecond I do not undestand 固まったまま. If I look the verb: 固まる 【かたまる】 (v5r,vi) (1),\nit is translated as: to harden; to solidify; (v5r,vi) (2) to become firm; to\nbecome certain; (v5r,vi)\n\nBut I do not understand the meaning in the context of the sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T14:34:16.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82729",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-21T15:17:58.813",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-21T14:45:58.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"grammar"
],
"title": "explanation of 状況が摑めず固まったままの俺",
"view_count": 71
} | [
{
"body": "> ... 状況が摑めず固まったままの俺をじっと見ていた\n\nSo, as I mentioned in the comments, the first part 状況が摑めず, uses が because the\nverb is in potential form. The ず ending means 'without' (there are plenty of\nquestions about that on this site if you're unfamiliar). So the part means\n\"without being able to comprehend the situation\".\n\nまま is perhaps my least favourite piece of Japanese grammar (it often confuses\nme). It roughly means 'leaving something in the same state'. So I think 固まったまま\nwould mean 'remained rigid'.\n\nPutting it all together:\n\n> 状況が摑めず固まったままの俺をじっと見ていた \n> She stared at me, who remained rigid and without comprehension about what\n> happened.\n\nThat's a really terrible piece of English, so perhaps we can understand why\nthe translator changed it so much.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T14:54:17.650",
"id": "82731",
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| 82729 | 82731 | 82731 |
{
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"body": "Hi I have found the following sentence\n\n> \"普段学校に行かず家に引き篭 **もっている俺だったが** 、今日は珍しく外出をした。\"\n\ntranslated as:\n\n> Normally I stay locked in my room. Don’t even go to school. But today, for\n> once, I left the house.\n\nI wonder, why the 俺だったが was used ? What would be the difference if the\nsentence were:\n\n> 普段学校に行かず家に引き **篭もっていたが** 、今日は珍しく外出をした。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T14:40:03.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82730",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-21T14:40:03.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "37097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"syntax",
"grammar"
],
"title": "explanation of 俺だったが",
"view_count": 36
} | []
| 82730 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82751",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently, I bought my first Japanese novel to improve my reading skills. The\nnovel itself uses a modern, very simple grammar (it's Ningen no kouta by Kō\nMachida) so it's not hard to understand. However the text also showcases a few\nlines of poetry from time to time, which I just cannot get. (these are the\nvery first poems of the book) :\n\n> 濃い夏のその濃さゆえの濃い顔のナチュラルメイクこそぎとりてえ\n>\n> 高空を飛ぶ聖マリーの義を超えてなにとも手足高くなってください\n>\n> 上人の真摯な食事は熱量です。きみ残光をなめてください\n>\n> 貧困は男根ですよと言いきるとき団塊オヤジきみの脚をみている\n>\n> どぼ池に糸を垂らせど釣果なしジンギスカンを食したりけむ\n\nI'm not looking for a 'poetic translation', but more like a loose translation\nof the meaning in plain English, or a glimpse of what the text could look like\nif it was put back to 'normal', non-poetic Japanese.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T18:31:31.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82735",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-12-14T02:04:06.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "36175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"literature",
"poetry"
],
"title": "Trouble understanding small bits of poetry in a Japanese novel",
"view_count": 260
} | [
{
"body": "Those tanka are all overly \"artistic\", almost a showcase of unexpected words\nor combinations that make each poem hard to follow in meaning. (Each poem is\ndivided in lines for easier understanding.)\n\n> 濃い夏の / その濃さゆえの / 濃い顔の / ナチュラルメイク / こそぎとりてえ\n\n * 濃い: it has many meanings; among I think less likely to be taught ones is \"dense in information\" (good or bad), such as 濃い内容 \"rich content\" or 濃すぎる一日 \"an overwhelming day; a day where I experienced too much\". 濃い夏 sounds most naturally with this sense. It is also used to describe one's face is \"defined\", how each part looks as if having bold outlines; or the makeup is thick. [A related post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33021/7810).\n\n * ナチュラルメイク: ([wasei eigo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasei-eigo)) a makeup looks as if one doesn't wear any makeup\n\n * こそぎとりてえ < こそぎとりたい < [こそぎとる](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%88%AE%E3%81%8E%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8B) \"scrape off\" + たい \"want\" \ncf. [Changing of diphthongs at the end of words to え in\nexclamations](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29099/7810)\n\n> 高空を / 飛ぶ聖マリーの / 義を超えて / なにとも手足 / 高くなってください\n\n * 聖マリー: if it means the Mother Mary, then very unusual in Japanese to call her マリー because we use the Latin form マリア.\n\n * 義: (of Christianity) righteousness\n\n * なにとも: it could be [何とも](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BD%95%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82-589293) \"by any means; whatever\", but the uncontracted form is obsolete in modern language. It instead can be a joke-abbreviation ([1](https://takashionary.com/akeome/), [2](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36788/7810)) of [なにはともあれ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BD%95%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%82%E3%82%8C/) \"well, anyways\".\n\n * 高くなってください: the most apparent problem of this stanza is that it exceeds the supposed length by three syllables, which is, however, occasionally seen in modern tanka to express \"floods of emotion\". Yet, the word 高い makes little sense in this collocation. We do say one has tall figure by 高い, but not with the word 手足. Your translation says \"soar\" but it's impossible without another verb; 高くなる as such can only mean \"grow high\" in some way. (Or, \"become expensive\" if it makes sense.)\n\n> 上人の / 真摯な食事は / 熱量です。 / きみ残光を / なめてください\n\n * 上人【しょうにん】: a respected Buddhist monk\n\n * 熱量: heating value; (figuratively) energy, passion. Not only for calorie (food energy)\n\n * なめてください: なめる is literally \"lick\", which suggests that there is not much left to \"eat\".\n\n> 貧困は / 男根ですよと / 言いきるとき / 団塊オヤジ / きみの脚をみている\n\n * 言いきる: \"declare; say definitely\". The subject seems to be きみ.\n\n * 団塊オヤジ: オヤジ \"old-timer\" who belongs to 団塊世代 \"baby boomers\". The subject of きみの脚をみている.\n\n> どぼ池に / 糸を垂らせど / 釣果なし / ジンギスカンを / 食したりけむ\n\n * This tanka is the only one based on the Classical grammar among them. Although Classical Japanese in modern tanka is not nearly as common as haiku, but indeed is one of styles.\n\n * どぼ池: roughly \"muddy or unclear pond\", sometimes seen in place names.\n\n * 垂らせど: \"although one drops\"; [ど is a Classical auxiliary](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2711/7810) that connects to modern equivalent of 仮定形 (～すれば minus -ば).\n\n * ジンギスカン: [a Japanese-style lamb/mutton barbecue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingisukan)\n\n * 食したりけむ: 食したり is the older form of 食した. It also derived modern [～たり](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-tari-tari-suru-meaning/) but doesn't share the same meaning. [けむ](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%91%E3%82%80) is another Classical auxiliary whose grammatical function is almost parallel to [らむ discussed in this post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/80247/7810), except that it refers to a past event. Thus the translation would be like \"I wonder if it is because I ate...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-23T04:19:51.053",
"id": "82751",
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| 82735 | 82751 | 82751 |
{
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"body": "I bought a first edition of a photo book by Shiraishi Chieko and it looks as\nthough it has been signed in pencil on the front page. The first character may\nbe slightly smudged because I rubbed it to see if it was printed or in pencil.\nI have tried to translate it [picture of the signed book] online but I am\nhaving no luck.\n\nPlease can anyone tell me what it says.\n\n[1]:\n[https://i.stack.imgur.com/yCScq.jpg\nimage description here](<https://i.stack.imgur.com/8YAml.jpg>)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-21T22:21:35.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82736",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-22T00:51:42.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40972",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "I need help translating a signed photo book",
"view_count": 60
} | [
{
"body": "It just spells her name, Shiraishi Chieko 白石ちえこ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T00:51:42.800",
"id": "82737",
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| 82736 | null | 82737 |
{
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"body": "The く-form of 近い and 多い can be used as nouns and adverbs.\n\nFor most adjectives, however, the く-form is only used as an adverb.\n\nSo why do these exceptions exist?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T02:55:13.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82739",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-22T02:55:13.083",
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"owner_user_id": "12216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"adjectives",
"adverbs",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Why are 近く and 多く nouns?",
"view_count": 144
} | []
| 82739 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "i wanted to know the difference in nuance between まで and に, when used to\nrepresent the number counter, in the following 2 sentences.\n\n四十までアパートに入れます. (Means upto 40 people can enter the apartment)\n\nVs.\n\n四十にアパートに入れます. (Means 40 people can enter the apartment)\n\nAs per my understanding of まで, in the 1st sentence 四十まで is acting as a\nlimiter, i.e. upto 40 people can enter into apartment. In other words, there\nis a limit of 40 people that can enter the apartment, be it due to size of\napartment or other restrictions.\n\nWhereas, when に is used it is just a statement that 40 people can enter the\napartment, whereas, there isn't any inherent restriction/limit on the number\nof people that can enter. E.g. group of xyz number of people will enter first\nand then the rest 40 can later. However, I am not sure about this reasoning.\n\nCan anyone please tell me the difference between the two?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T11:59:35.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82741",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-22T11:59:35.307",
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"owner_user_id": "36729",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"comparative-constructions",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Difference between まで and に when using a Number counter",
"view_count": 71
} | []
| 82741 | null | null |
{
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"body": "I cannot understand the sentence from the grammar point. Could you please\nexplain \"届けるなってな\" to me? Why do the Japanese attach なって after the \"る\" form.\nWhat does the particle \"な\" mean in this context?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T13:40:58.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82743",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-20T21:00:55.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-22T13:47:32.823",
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"owner_user_id": "40977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "届けるなってな meaning",
"view_count": 381
} | [
{
"body": "If the \"な\" or \"なあ\" at the end is often used in the lines of a specific\nindividual, it is just a habit and you can ignore it to read.\n\n> 僕はいつもご飯を食べるんだ(な(あ))。 \n> そうやってあの子を責めるんだ(な(あ))。\n\nIf you value subtle nuances, you can read that the subject of the sentence\nevaluates things from an objective or introspective standpoint.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-24T00:55:02.727",
"id": "82763",
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| 82743 | null | 82763 |
{
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"body": "If a child were to casually ask their teacher, \"do you have [some object],\"\nwhich would they say?\n\n 1. 先生、「何か」はあるの？ (Sensei, [nanika] ha aru no?)\n\n 2. 先生、「何か」があるの？ (Sensei, [nanika] ga aru no?)\n\nI think I've heard a child say the second on one occasion, but a friend of\nmine says the first is correct. Which is it? What's the difference?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T17:14:21.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82744",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-24T03:35:01.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"child-speech"
],
"title": "\"wa\" vs. \"ga\" in the question \"do you have...?\" (child speak!)",
"view_count": 207
} | [
{
"body": "What you might want is 先生、[何か]ある？.\n\nの is used to confirm what you observed, not for simple questions.\n\n何かはある？ is an expression to point out that the other person said s/he doesn't\nhave something but not necessarily anything.\n\n**edit;** [何か]はある？ 1. asks if it's normally available, if not immediately, 2.\nconfirms it for the listener to make sure to have it. 3. shifts focus to\nanother topic after you asks about one. If the answer to the previous question\nis negative, it conveys compromising nuance.\n\n先生、何かがある？ is weird.（ **edit;** 先生、[何か]がある？ is mostly weird too)\n\n**edit** ; [何か]がある？ implies that you would be more or less surprised if the\nanswer is actually yes.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-23T09:07:34.543",
"id": "82753",
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| 82744 | null | 82753 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82755",
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"body": "I think「来日する」means to be in a foreign location and return to Japan. Only\nJapanese can say this?「米国」means the USA. So....\n\nDoes 「らいベイ(する)」 imply the following?\n\n * Before living in Japan, the subject of the sentence must have lived in the USA for a \"long time.\"\n * The subject of the sentence will stop living in Japan and start living in the USA on a permanent basis.\n\nAlso, are there reasons not to say 「来米する」 in conversations?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T19:15:23.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82745",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-23T22:44:20.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40983",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "「来米する」exact meaning and use in conversation?",
"view_count": 236
} | [
{
"body": "First of all...\n\n> I think「来日する」means to be in a foreign location and return to Japan.\n\nNo, you're thinking the other way around. 来日 is \"(for a non-Japanese\nperson/group) to come to Japan\". **Only non-Japanese person/group (e.g., The\nBeatles) can do 来日**. Returning to one's home country is 帰国する.\n\nLikewise, 来米 means \"(for non-American person/group) to come to USA\", but\nJapanese people living in Japan do not ever need this verb for the obvious\nreason. But Japanese speakers living in the USA may use 来米 referring to\nsomeone coming to the USA.\n\n[You cannot combine arbitrary kanji to form a\nword](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17996/5010), but 来-/訪-/在- and so on\nare exceptional. Basically you can pick an arbitrary one-kanji country name or\nprefecture name, and make a compound that means \"to come to Brazil\", \"to visit\nFrance\", \"to stay in Korea\", \"to come to Hokkaido\" and so on. Wikipedia has a\nlist of similar verbs:\n[二字熟語による往来表現の一覧](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%AD%97%E7%86%9F%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E5%BE%80%E6%9D%A5%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7#%E3%80%8C%E5%B8%B0%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%94%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE)\n\nHowever, most of them are rare, and used in stiff written Japanese. Only a few\nwords are safe in conversations. I personally think 来米 would be safely\nunderstood in conversations if there is enough context (for example when the\nspeaker is a Japanese businessperson living in the USA and is inviting his\nJapanese boss living in Japan). But when in doubt, it's always safe to avoid\nit.\n\nSee: [Are there more terms similar to 上京 or 来阪 for going to Japanese\ncities?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64834/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-23T14:57:05.737",
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]
| 82745 | 82755 | 82755 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "According to \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar\" p. 297, により/によって\ncan be used as \"a particle that indicates means\"\n\n> その問題は話し合いに{よって/より}解決出来るはずだ。 \n> We should be able to solve that problem by means of negotiation.\n\nBut,\n\n> However, when the instrument is a concrete, tangible object _ni yori_ cannot\n> be used as in \n> (3) 漢和辞典に{よって/*より}知らない漢字を調べる。\n\nIs this correct? Is there any reason for this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-22T22:00:32.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Why can't により be used with \"concrete, tangible objects\"?",
"view_count": 81
} | []
| 82746 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82769",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am aware that there is a [similar\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/82309/what-is-the-\ndifference-%e5%85%89%e6%99%af-%e6%83%85%e6%99%af-and-%e5%a0%b4%e9%9d%a2) with\na great answer, however I feel like it could be expanded upon. I don't have\nenough points to comment, so I decided to post it as a seperate question.\n\nMy question is what's the difference between:\n\n**光景** , **情景** , **景色** **景観** , **眺め** , **見晴らし** , **場面**\n\nI know they all essentially mean view, scenery and/or spectacle, but what are\nthe more nuanced differences?\n\nAlso, since **光景** , **情景** and **場面** have been explained in the other\nquestion, feel free to leave the definitions out; if you feel like they've\nbeen explained well enough.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-22T22:57:09.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82748",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 光景, 風景, 景色, 情景, 景観, 眺め, 見晴らし and 場面",
"view_count": 910
} | [
{
"body": "* **場面** : scene in the sense of \"situation\"\n * **光景** : a memorable scene seen by one's eyes\n * **情景** : scene in the sense of \"vision\", something imagined in one's mind\n * **景色** : wide scenery/landscape (typically of nature)\n * **風景** : a pleasant, physical sight, not necessarily of nature (though it can be).\n * **景観** : beautiful landscape (e.g., of a city) maintained by people\n * **眺め** : scenery/scene seen from a distance (眺める = to see from a distance); outlook\n * **見晴らし** : wideness/openness/clearness of a view\n\n光景 can refer to any memorable scene/scenery perceived by your eyes. 景色 tends\nto refer to a _wide_ scenery seen from a distance. 景観 tends to be used in the\ncontext of city design, etc.\n\n * あの日部屋で見た光景 \nthe scene I saw in my room that day\n\n * 富士山の山頂から見た景色 \nthe scenery seen from the top of Mt. Fuji\n\n * 美しい京都の景観を守れ！ \nProtect the beautiful landscape of Kyoto!\n\n眺め and 見晴らし are often interchangeable, too, but 眺め focuses on what you're\nseeing (from a distance), whereas 見晴らし focuses on how far or how much you can\nsee. For example 良い眺め tends to refer to a beautiful/pleasing view, whereas\n良い見晴らし tends to refer to an open/clear view.\n\nStill, the following five phrases mean almost the same thing, \"wonderful\nscenery seen from the observation deck of Tokyo Skytree\":\n\n * スカイツリーの展望台から見た素晴らしい光景\n * スカイツリーの展望台から見た素晴らしい景色\n * スカイツリーの展望台から見た素晴らしい景観\n * スカイツリーの展望台から見た素晴らしい眺め\n * スカイツリーの展望台からの素晴らしい見晴らし",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-24T16:51:20.963",
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| 82748 | 82769 | 82769 |
{
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"body": "I saw this phrase:\n\n> 描いていた忘れていたこと\n\nCan there be a sentence or phrase with two verbs in progressive past state?\n\nWhat does this phrase mean?\n\nWhich type of nuance provides こと to the verb?\n\nThis phrase makes sense?\n\nGiven that:\n\n描いていた is progressive past form of 描く (to draw; to paint; to sketch; to picture\nin one's mind; to imagine)\n\nAnd:\n\n忘れていた is progressive past form of 忘れる (to forget)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-23T03:30:34.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82750",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"compound-verbs",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "Trouble with the compossed verbs",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "~~In this example, 描いていた is modifying a noun phrase 忘れていたこと. That is, there\nare two nested relative clauses.\n\nCompare:\n\n * 描いてい **た** 忘れていたこと \nsomething I have forgotten, which I have drawn\n\n * 描いてい **て** 忘れていたこと \nsomething I have drawn and then forgotten\n\nThe former is still a bit difficult to understand without the full context,\nbut this is the literal translation. If you're curious why I didn't use past\nprogressive forms (e.g. \"was forgetting\"), please read: [When is Vている the\ncontinuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\n~~\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** OP said this was the entire sentence, but actually this was a\nsentence fragment in a song. And OP even removed the important space between\n描いていた and 忘れていた...\n\nThis is a simple example of anastrophe where the object of the verb is\nexpressed after the verb.\n\n> 描いていた 忘れていたこと \n> 凍った太陽と燃えていた指針を\n>\n> I was drawing what I had forgotten — the frozen sun and the burning compass",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-23T15:20:50.893",
"id": "82756",
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| 82750 | null | 82756 |
{
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"body": "I have a set of traditional poem cards. One of the poems has the line:\n\n> 嵐の庭の \n> 雪ならで\n\nand furigana is given for the kanji. On the 庭 kanji, the furigana is には. My\ndictionaries give にわ instead. Is this a typo, or is this something to do with\nclassical Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-23T17:16:05.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82757",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-11-24T04:12:53.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "34142",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"furigana",
"kana-usage",
"obsolete-kana"
],
"title": "Is this furigana a typo?",
"view_count": 143
} | []
| 82757 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82760",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the correct stroke order of 繡? Its 新字体 version 粛 is farily\nstraightforward, but this one? Dictionaries tend to not have stroke\ninformation for the 舊字體 form.\n\nMy guess would be:\n\n 1. All the way down from the broom.\n 2. Cross it in the middle.\n 3. 片 on the left – left, top, bottom\n 4. Reverse 片 on the right – top, right, bottom",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-23T21:03:21.670",
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"id": "82758",
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"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"stroke-order",
"kyūjitai-and-shinjitai"
],
"title": "Stroke order of 繡",
"view_count": 220
} | [
{
"body": "I could find 嘯 which seems to have the same right part in the [YARXI\ndictionary](http://yarxi.ru/) (English version is called\n[JISHOP](http://www.jishop.com/) but has no online version):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/twCEM.gif)\n\nI believe the stroke order source is [Kakijun](http://kakijun.com/). Here's\nits version of [肅](http://kakijun.com/c/8085.html):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/183uy.gif)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-23T21:44:03.437",
"id": "82759",
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},
{
"body": "* 繡 (U+7E61) is the kyūjitai form of 繍 (U+7E4D), in the same way 肅 (U+8085) is the kyūjitai form of 粛 (U+7C9B).\n\n * The stroke order for 肅 (U+8085) is available, on [Tangorin](https://tangorin.com/kanji?search=%E8%82%85) for instance:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uc1OH.png)\n\n * For reference, the two bottom parts you're mentioning are made of 片 (U+7247) and 爿 (U+723F), but their respective stroke orders slightly differ from the ones in the combined shape, because of the presence of a large horizontal stroke in the middle:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hHFhW.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IiHVE.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-23T21:54:44.713",
"id": "82760",
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| 82758 | 82760 | 82760 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82765",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can the passive agent be gapped in a relative clause? I mean, can the head of\na relative clause be the passive agent (the word that would be marked by に)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-24T05:21:15.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82764",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-24T06:28:04.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Can the passive agent be gapped?",
"view_count": 373
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, as long as the subject (patient) is animate.\n\n> 私が叱られた先生 _the teacher I was scolded by_ \n> 私が財布を盗まれた泥棒 _the thief I had my wallet stolen by_ \n> 私が降られた雨 _the rain I got caught in_ (indirect passive)\n\nNote that, however, the core meaning of the Japanese passive is telling the\nsubject's status being affected by others' action. Thus if you don't have\nintention to focus on the passive patient (like simply changing the subject),\nyou should keep using the active voice.\n\n> 私を叱った先生 \n> （私の）財布を盗んだ泥棒\n\nPassive with inanimate subject is a marginal usage in Japanese and doesn't\nhave this perk. Usually they don't even mark the agent with に.\n\n> この作家がこの本を書いた \n> この作家 **によって** この本が書かれた \n> この作家が書いた本 \n> この作家によって書かれた本 \n> × この本が書かれた作家",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-24T06:28:04.303",
"id": "82765",
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| 82764 | 82765 | 82765 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82770",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There is a company which sells tea in teabags that have a haiku printed on one\nof the sides (of the teabag). Recently I came upon the following haiku:\n\n```\n\n 昼寝{ひるね}して\n 鳥獣{ちょうじゅう}戯画{ぎが}の\n 中{なか}にをり\n \n```\n\nWhat does をり in the last line mean? I have a feeling that it is intentionally\nwritten in this way and not as おり (which comes from 居る)\n\nThanks a lot!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-24T09:25:34.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82766",
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"owner_user_id": "18895",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"particle-を",
"haiku"
],
"title": "Strange usage of を-Particle inside a 俳句 (haiku)",
"view_count": 336
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, you are right. “をり”means “居る”.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-24T11:04:46.627",
"id": "82767",
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{
"body": "> What does をり in the last line mean? I have a feeling that it is\n> intentionally written in this way and not as おり (which comes from 居る)\n\nThere are two parts to this question, though it seems you probably didn't\nrealize that when you wrote it. :)\n\n# Part 1: What is this word をり?\n\nThis is 居【を】り. It is indeed intentionally written this way, but it is actually\nfrom 居【を】る.\n\n# Part 2: Why is をり written with を instead of the expected お?\n\nThis has to do with\n[[歴史的]{れきしてき}[仮名]{かな}[遣い]{づかい}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%81%A3),\nor [historical kana\nspellings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography).\n\nEnglish has been notoriously conservative in its spellings, keeping old\nspellings long after the pronunciation has shifted and the spelling and the\npronunciation no longer have so much to do with each other. Consider a word\nlike _knight_. In Middle English and earlier (think Chaucer and [_The\nCanterbury Tales_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales)), the\nword was pronounced more or less as it's spelled -- you pronounced the \"K\" at\nthe front and the \"GH\" in the middle, producing a sound more like //knixt//\n(where that //x// indicates a hard \"H\" sound like in Scots _lo **ch**_ or _o\n**ch** , aye!_). But nowadays? English has tons of odd letter combinations\nthat are left unpronounced.\n\nIn many (most?) other phonically written languages in the world (think\nalphabets or syllabaries, as opposed to ideographs as in Chinese, Mayan, or\nancient Egyptian), the spellings are updated when the pronunciation drifts too\nfar from the way things are written. The Korean word for \"to do\" is pronounced\nsomething like //hada//, and thus the spelling is 하다 ( _hada_ ) instead of the\nolder ᄒᆞ다 ( _hoda_ ), which was the way this word was pronounced and spelled\nduring the Middle Korean stage of the language. French spells the word for\n\"hotel\" as _hôtel_ , pretty much as pronounced, instead of the older _hostel_\nas it was pronounced and spelled in the Middle French years. But English? We\njust keep the old spellings.\n\nJapanese mostly follows the trend of other languages around the world.\nPronunciations shift -- this is one constant among _all_ languages, so no\nsurprise there. And as the pronunciations become more removed from the\nspellings, eventually some authority -- be it individual writers making their\nown decisions in group, or be it some centralized authority like the Ministry\nof Education; in modern Japan, the Ministry -- will start using spellings that\nare closer to the pronunciation.\n\n## Sound shifts\n\nBroadly speaking, the biggest shifts in Japanese pronunciation have had to do\nwith the labial consonants: //p//, //f// (strictly speaking, the bilabial\nfricative [[ɸ]], which we don't have in English), //b//, //m//, and //w//. For\nthis post, let's just look at //w//.\n\nAs we've come down through history, most of the //w// sounds in Japanese have\nvanished. We still have //wa//! But pretty much all of the others have\nflattened out to just the vowel value: //wi// became //i//, //we// became\n//e//, and //wo// is almost always just //o// (unless someone is deliberately\nspeaking very carefully). //wu//, so far as we can tell, never existed --\nprobably due to simple biomechanics, and the way the Japanese //u// vowel is\npronounced, it's actually difficult to say //wu//.\n\n(For a little bit more about the //w// sound shifts, see also [this other\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52149/why-is-konnichi-wa-\nwritten-with-%e3%81%af-and-not-%e3%82%8f/52189#52189).)\n\n## Kana spellings and how they are shown in dictionaries\n\nSince //wo// changed to plain //o//, there are various words that have\nhistorical kana spellings that used を, but in modern Japanese, they're spelled\nwith お. Historical spellings can often help show how words are derived or\nrelated (the etymologies), and they are also important for understanding\nClassical Japanese, so monolingual Japanese dictionaries will often show the\nhistorical kana spellings alongside the modern kana spellings. For example,\n[here is the Weblio page for\n居る](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B1%85%E3%82%8B). The top entry is from\nthe Daijisen dictionary, with the following headline:\n\n> お・る〔をる〕【▽居る】\n\nIn order, this is the modern kana spelling お・る, with the interpunct or\n中黒【なかぐろ】 showing where the kanji portion stops and the okurigana begin. Then\nwe have the historical kana spelling 〔をる〕 in the brackets. Finally, we have\nthe kanji spelling 【▽居る】, with that ▽ triangle icon used to indicate where\nthis reading for this kanji is not included in the 常用【じょうよう】 kanji charts.\n\nSo now we can come back to your unstated question:\n\n## Why is をり written with を instead of the expected お?\n\nThe を is used here either because 1) this poem was written some time ago in\nClassical Japanese, and thus uses the older kana spellings, or 2) this poem\nwas written more recently, but the author still wanted to give it a Classical\nJapanese sense.",
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| 82766 | 82770 | 82770 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "There are generally small kanji on a japanese calligraphy (shodo) work.\nSometimes they are written above an inkan or inkan set. What are these kanji\nfor? What types of information is written like this conventionally? Is this a\nnecessary part of a shodo work? I think they contain some meta information\nabout the work but I'm not sure.\n\nExample image is below. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/H9av6.png)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-24T12:55:51.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82768",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-03T04:23:46.020",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T06:32:13.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "40997",
"owner_user_id": "40997",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "What is small kanji part that is usually placed on the left of a japanese calligraphy (shodō) work?",
"view_count": 222
} | [
{
"body": "that's a signature. (usually the name of the calligrapher)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-03T04:23:46.020",
"id": "82918",
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| 82768 | null | 82918 |
{
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"body": "please help me understand this sentence grammar, especialy なんていいから and にしちゃい\nparts\n\n * パジャマの話 **なんていいから** 、早くお昼 **にしちゃい** ましょ\n\nI think translation is something like \"listen up conversations about pigamas\nand such, let's do before noon (not so late?)\". Context for this sentence was\n(conversation about pigama is shameful in this situation). But don't sure\nabout this translation.\n\nI translate it this way:\n\n * パジャマの話 - conversations about pigamas\n * なんて - such as\n * いいから - \"listen up\" , but maybe it \"いい\" and \"から\" - \"good\" and \"since\" ?\n * 早くお昼に - in time before noon\n * しちゃいましょ - let's do\n\nor maybe last two is\n\n * 早くお昼 - before noon\n * にしちゃいましょ - let's choose (???)\n\nThank your for answers!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-24T21:27:01.640",
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"owner_user_id": "41000",
"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "なんていいから and にしちゃい ？",
"view_count": 126
} | [
{
"body": "いい here means 'it doesn't matter' or 'forget about'. パジャマの話 is 'talking about\npyjamas', and なんて just shows slight disdain for the noun it comes after. お昼\nhere means 'lunch'.\n\n'Let's stop talking about pyjamas and have lunch already!'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-24T21:46:28.973",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 82771 | 82772 | 82772 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As specified in the title, is そんなに just short for そのように？ Likewise for こんなに and\nあんなに。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-24T23:29:36.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Is そんなに short for そのように？",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "No, そんなに is not the abbreviation of そのように. It is そんな, an adjective, appended\nwith に to make it an adverb. It means \"so much; so\".\n\nそのように is その appended to the noun 様 (which is the manner in which something is\ndone) and then turned into an adverb with に. It means what you would expect it\nto mean: \"In that way/manner\". They are not interchangeable. Here are some\nexamples:\n\n> そのようにしてください。〇 \n> そんなにしてください。☓ \n> Please do it in that way.\n\n> そんなに怒らないでください。= Please don't get that mad. \n> そのように怒らないでください。= Please don't get mad in that manner. \n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T00:18:26.583",
"id": "82774",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T00:18:26.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21657",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 82773 | null | 82774 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm using manga to learn some grammar and the following sentence came up.\n\n> オレは旅をし世界をめぐっていると…\n\nI can't figure out why し is being used. I know it can be used for listing and\nsuch, but being next to を particle confuses me.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T01:07:10.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82775",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T04:27:02.940",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T04:27:02.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "The use of し in this sentence",
"view_count": 41
} | []
| 82775 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82777",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was randomly reading a grammar book (despite I'm still being in N5) and\nfound the follow sentence:\n\n住み心地のいい小さな家\n\nThe sentence was alone, without context, and it was translated to something\nlike \"a small good to live house\" (the book is not in english, so I'm\ntranslating it by myself).\n\nThis took my attention because I can't see any verbs, but there is that \"to\nlive\". I already tried to understand the phrase by myself, but since I found\n住み心地 is a noun, not a verb, I would appreciate a explanation from someone with\nmore knowledge, specially about what plays the role of a verb here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T02:52:11.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82776",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T04:15:27.267",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T03:50:58.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "38577",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Syntax of 住み心地のいい小さな家",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "I would parse the phrase like this:\n\n> 〔[住]{す}み[心地]{ごこち}のいい〕（小さな）家\n\n住み心地のいい and 小さな both modify the noun 家.\n\n住み心地 is a noun, literally \"living feeling\" → \"comfort in living\". \n住み心地のいい means \"comfortable to live in\". It's a relative clause that modifies\n家.\n\n住み心地 **の** いい家 can be rephrased as 住み心地 **が** いい家, and its non-relative\nversion would be:\n\n> 家は住み心地がいい \n> _lit._ as for house, living feeling is good \n> → house is comfortable to live in\n\nSo\n\n> 〔住み心地のいい〕（小さな）家 \n> _lit._ a （small） house 〔where living feeling is good〕 \n> → a （small） house 〔that's comfortable to live in〕\n\nRelated (regarding the が/の conversion in a relative clause):\n\n * [How does the の work in 「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/9831)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T04:04:18.550",
"id": "82777",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T04:15:27.267",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T04:15:27.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "82776",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 82776 | 82777 | 82777 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82779",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[One of the questions](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VEqIU.jpg) from _Nihongo So-\nMatome N3 - Listening_ :\n\n>\n> 男【おとこ】の人【ひと】と女【おんな】の人【ひと】が話し【はなし】ています。男【おとこ】の人【ひと】は、明日【あす】何時【なんじ】ごろ家【いえ】を出ます【でます】か。\n>\n> 女【おんな】：明日【あした】の飛行機【ひこうき】、何時【なんじ】？ \n> 男【おとこ】：えーと、１６時半【じはん】出発【しゅっぱつ】。 \n>\n> 女【おんな】：国際線【こくさいせん】だから、２時間【じかん】前【まえ】には着いて【ついて】おかないとね。えーと、空港【くうこう】までここから２時間【じかん】かかるとして・・・ \n> 男【おとこ】：そんなにかからないよ。今【いま】、電車【でんしゃ】、速い【はやい】のがあるし。１時間半【じかんはん】あれば十分【じゅうぶん】だよ。\n>\n> 男【おとこ】の人【ひと】は、明日【あす】何時【なんじ】ごろ家【いえ】を出ます【でます】か。\n>\n> １ 午後【ごご】１時【じ】ごろ \n> ２ 午後【ごご】１時半【じはん】ごろ \n> ３ 午後【ごご】２時【じ】ごろ \n> ４ 午後【ごご】２時半【じはん】ごろ\n\nCan someone explain why the answer is 1?\n\nIn my opinion, 男 said that the plane will fly at 16.30 pm. And, he also\nimplied that it takes only 1 hour and a half to arrive at the airport. So I\nthink that they will leave their house at 15.00 pm. (although it's not in the\nanswer choices)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-11-25T04:31:18.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82778",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-26T05:41:31.847",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-26T05:41:31.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "38446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"jlpt",
"time",
"listening"
],
"title": "Time and duration problem from \"Nihongo So-Matome N3 - Listening\"",
"view_count": 246
} | [
{
"body": "The woman also says ２時間前には着いておかないとね, \"you need to get there 2 hours early\". So\nit's １４時半 (午後２時半) that is the goal for arrival at the airport, and it takes\n１時間半 to travel to the airport, so that's the difference between the １６時半\nairplane departure and the 午後１時ごろ house leaving time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T04:41:24.550",
"id": "82779",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T04:41:24.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "82778",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 82778 | 82779 | 82779 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82781",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "平日 can be read へいじつ or ひらび. What's the difference between the two readings? Is\none more formal than the other?\n\nThe basic meaning seems to be \"Weekday\" (ie Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,\nThursday, Friday)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T08:16:12.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82780",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T23:31:14.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T23:31:14.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "1462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "平日 - What's the difference between the two readings へいじつ and ひらび?",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "This word is always read へいじつ in modern Japanese. You can safely forget ひらび.\nAs a native speaker, I didn't even know some dictionaries say it can be read\nひらび.\n\n(I found two (and only two) actual examples of 平日【ひらび】 on the net\n([this](https://navicon.jp/news/54548/) and\n[this](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000207/files/47123_35877.html)), where\nひらび seems to be used in the sense of \"ordinary days\". But these are very rare,\nunique, local usages, so you should not follow them.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T09:18:03.163",
"id": "82781",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T09:18:03.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82780",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 82780 | 82781 | 82781 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "82783",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "寒い can become 寒くない, which is apparently also an i-adjective. Can it be further\nconjugated to 寒くなくない?\n\nWhat about 寒くなくなくない, and so on? Do Japanese speakers regard such expressions\nas outright ungrammatical or merely silly? (Silly as in, in English, multiple\nnegations like \"It's not the case that it's not the case that … it's cold\" are\nsilly but not ungrammatical.)\n\nWhat about verbs? I know the causative-passive 食べさせられる (to be made to eat) is\nlegit, but is there such a thing as, say, potential-causative-passive-\npotential? In English, \"can be made to be able to eat\" is perfectly\ngrammatical and can be actually useful, as when discussing an anorexia\npatient. How would one say it in Japanese?\n\nIs it grammatical to say 食べられさせられられる (食べる -> potential 食べ ~~る~~ られる ->\ncausative 食べられ ~~る~~ させる -> passive 食べられさせ ~~る~~ られる -> potential, the final\nform 食べられさせられ ~~る~~ られる — not sure if I did it right)?\n\nI'm asking this mainly out of theoretical rather than practical interests, but\nI would also appreciate information about limits of conjugation in ordinary\nconversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T09:23:27.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82782",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T19:16:03.570",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T10:30:00.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "41005",
"owner_user_id": "41005",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Can verbs/i-adjectives be indefinitely conjugated, or is there a limit?",
"view_count": 717
} | [
{
"body": "Let's talk about something practical first. Something like 食べさせられたくなかったです,\nbeautifully explained in [this\narticle](https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2017/07/verbs.html), is probably\nthe longest natural verb \"form\" that may appear in ordinary conversations.\n\n> Also, you don't need to worry about extremely long verbs conjugations. They\n> usually do not stack as many times as the number of colors in the rainbow.\n\nThere are rules regarding the order of stacking conjugations. \"Can be made to\nbe able to eat\" is 食べられるようにさせられうる, but this is not a conjugation of one verb.\n\nAlso, double-negation is a relatively common pattern in Japanese. 食べなくない, or\nmore commonly 食べなくはない, means \"I'm not saying I won't eat it\" or \"Admittedly I\nwill eat it.\"\n\n * [What does ...なくはない mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33401/5010)\n * [Double negation of an i-adjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/73991/5010)\n\n* * *\n\nNow, let's move on to something which I don't think is not impractical. If you\ndon't mind sounding silly, it's indeed possible to stack many more\nconjugations and helping verbs for fun! 寒くなくなくなくなくなくない is perfectly valid as a\nwordplay, and children love something like this. [Lyrics sometimes contain\nなくなくなくない](https://www.uta-\nnet.com/user/index_search/search2.html?frm=ichiran&kw=%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84).\nA more \"sophisticated\" version would be 寒くないわけではなからざらずんばあらざらじ (septuple-\nnegative; children do not understand this).\n\nWhen I was a middle school student, I joined all the humble expressions I knew\nand made the most humblestestest expression just for fun:\n食べさせていただかせてもらわせられたてまつりつかまつりはべりおります (≒ \"It's my pleasure to humbly appreciate\nthat I am allowed to be honored to be delighted to eat it.\"). I believe this\nis \"grammatical\", but of course it's nothing more than a silly wordplay, and\nit would be simply rude if I used it in real business settings.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T11:22:22.480",
"id": "82783",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T19:16:03.570",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T19:16:03.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82782",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
]
| 82782 | 82783 | 82783 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I didn't understand \" **ようじゃね** \" in this sentence.\n\n大チャンスで ２分の１をはずす **ようじゃね**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T13:34:55.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "82784",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T15:26:19.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of ようじゃね?",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "> 大チャンスで2分の1をはずすよう **じゃね** 。 \n> _**If**_ he fails to grab this great opportunity and loses a 50-50 bet... _\n> **you know**_.\n\nThis ようじゃ is a colloquial way of saying [ようでは](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-\njapanese-grammar/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF-you-dewa-meaning/) (\"if\nsomething/someone is like ～\"). ね is a filler particle, but it's probably\nworking like \"you know (what I mean)\" here. It depends on the context, but\nusually something like \"he was doomed to fail in the first place\" is implied.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-25T14:34:48.737",
"id": "82786",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-25T15:26:19.063",
"last_edit_date": "2020-11-25T15:26:19.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "82784",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 82784 | null | 82786 |
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