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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "The so-called “continuous” form, or て-form, of a verb doesn’t by itself mean\nsomething is continuing. It is just one of its many functions.\n\n> 今仕事をし **て** います。 \n> I am working now.\n\nIt can also express reason or cause.\n\n> 仕事があっ **て** 、パーティーに行けませんでした。 \n> I couldn’t go to the party because I had work to do.\n\nSomeone who didn’t know that might ask you a question like this.\n\n> **どうして** パーティーに行かなかったんですか。 \n> Why didn’t you go to the party?\n\nI wouldn’t recommend splitting どうして into どう and して because どうして can also be\nused by itself or followed only by ですか, something that would sound odd with a\nnormal て-form. However, it would not be totally wrong to say that a verbal\nphrase consisting of the question word どう and the generic verb する is put into\nthe same て-form where the speaker expects the response to explain the reason.\nIf we had to translate this question in a similar way to the statement above,\nit would be something like this.\n\n> _lit._ You didn’t come to the party because what happened?\n\nどうして in this sentence can be understood as asking how things unfolded for the\nperson in question. There might be some parallelism to the English expression\n“how come” (or not). In other contexts, どうする can mean, more literally, how to\ndeal with something.\n\n> Q: **どうすれば** いいですか。 \n> What should I do? \n> ( _lit._ If I do it how, it will be good?)\n>\n> A: 仕事をやめればいいです。 \n> You should quit your job.\n\nHere, too, どうする is put in the same form as the part of the response that\nanswers it, namely the conditional form.\n\nBy the way, the て-form can also express means.\n\n> 電車に乗っ **て** パーティーに行きました。 \n> I went to the party by (taking the) train.\n\nWhile it may not be incorrect to ask a means with どうして, it is usually avoided\nand どうやって is used, instead.\n\n> **どうやって** パーティーに行ったんですか。 \n> How did you go to the party?\n\nIf the reason or means is expressed with a noun, it is marked with で. This is\nlike the noun version of the て-form.\n\n> 仕事 **で** パーティーに行けませんでした。 \n> I couldn’t go to the party because of work.\n\n> 電車 **で** パーティーに行きました。 \n> I went to the party by train.\n\nA genuine problem arises here because なんで can be used to ask both a reason and\na means, although the latter is usually written as 何で and is not usually used\nin a negative question.\n\n> **なんで** パーティーに行ったんですか。 \n> Why did you go to the party? \n> How (by what means) did you go to the party?\n\nOne way to avoid this confusion is to read 何で as なにで when it is meant for a\nmeans.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-16T09:48:45.293", "id": "93731", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T11:06:18.873", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-16T11:06:18.873", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93713", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Native speakers don’t necessarily see the ように in ようになる or ようにする as the same\nthing as the ように in, say, ように見える, which describes what your perception or\nimpression is like.\n\nHowever, they are certainly related. If you choose to, you could understand\nthe ように in ようになる and ようにする as describing what the result of a change would be\n**like**.\n\nConsider the following sentence as an example.\n\n> 新聞が読めるようになる。 \n> You will be able to read newspapers.\n\n新聞が読める describes the target state you think the person will be in when the\nchange in question has happened. The connection with the other usage may be\nclearer when ように is used with a noun.\n\n> 学者のようになる。 \n> You will be like a scholar.\n\nThis practically means the same as the following with みたい.\n\n> 学者みたいになる。\n\nように in this sense is not usually used with an adjective. There is a better way\nto say the same thing.\n\n> 賢くなる。 \n> You will be smart.\n\n> 綺麗になる。 \n> You will be beautiful.\n\nWhen ように is used with a verb, that verb normally refers to a state, not a one-\ntime action or change. In the first example, a potential form is used to\ndescribe a state where you have the ability to do something. When a dictionary\nform is used, it is still understood as referring to a state, a habitual state\nto be more precise.\n\n> 新聞を読むようになる。 \n> You will get into the habit of reading newspapers.\n\nNote that ように cannot be replaced with みたいに in these examples with a verb.\n\nようにする works in the same way except you are the one who actively causes the\nchange.\n\n> 新聞を読むようにする。 \n> I will make it a habit to read newspapers.\n\nThe verbal phrase before ように still describes what the intended target state is\nlike.\n\nYou can also use a more concrete verb instead of する.\n\n> 新聞が読めるように毎日勉強する。 \n> I will study everyday so that I will be able to read newspapers.\n\nThis may make it easer to understand that ように describes what the intended\ntarget state is like because of the way it is translated into English. It now\nneatly corresponds to “so that.”\n\nOn the other hand, it becomes syntactically similar to a sentence like this.\n\n> 貪るように毎日勉強する。 \n> He studies everyday as if to “devour” (books).\n\nIn this sentence, ように is used to describe how something is done as you\nperceive it, just like the ように in ように見える. We know that because it is hard to\ninterpret 貪る as describing a habitual state, and it is much more normal to\nunderstand it as referring to an action to which the way he studies is\nlikened. In short, you need context to determine in which meaning ように is used.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-15T05:08:07.647", "id": "93721", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-24T02:54:04.413", "last_edit_date": "2022-05-24T02:54:04.413", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93714", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "The way you ended the sentence and the fact that you omitted を after 仕事\nsuggest that this is part of an informal conversation. しなければ sounds a bit too\nformal in it, although it is perfectly fine in a more formal, especially\nwritten sentence.\n\n> 日本語を生かす仕事をしなければ、もったいないと思います。\n\nしなかったら is OK in casual speech, but it could sound a bit dialectal and\ncertainly looks informal in writing. Certain regional dialects tend to use たら\nmore than れば. When I am speaking in Kansai-ben, I would probably say せんかったら\n(if not せんと).\n\nWhen I am speaking the standard variant of Japanese, I would most likely use\nと.\n\n> 日本語を生かす仕事しない **と** 、もったいないよ。\n\nYou get many more search results for\n[しないともったいない](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=%22%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8)\nthan for\n[しなければもったいない](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=%22%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%91%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8)\nor\n[しなかったらもったいない](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=%22%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-15T03:33:59.873", "id": "93720", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-15T03:47:34.483", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-15T03:47:34.483", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93716", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "Consider a simpler そこがT-samaらしい.\n\nThis usage of Aらしい means, as you understand, \"subj. has/expresses some quality\nof A\". More verbosely put, it means that the subject is something expected\nfrom personality or usual behavior or way of thinking of A.\n\nそこが refers to the fact that the plan tries to fulfill many (incompatible?)\nobjectives at the same time or T-sama tries to execute such a plan. So そこがT-\nsamaらしい would mean that such a perfectionistic plan is something quite\nexpected from T-sama's character / T-sama is quite likely to conceive.\n\nNow about the ending らしくはあるか, it works as an emphasis or you can understand it\nas \"the plan is hard, but is expected from T-sama's persoality\". About か [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/77682/seemingly-non-\ninterrogative-use-of-sentence-ending-%E3%81%8B) should be helpful.\nIncorporating these nuance into the above would give a precise translation.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-16T09:20:46.997", "id": "93729", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T09:36:16.797", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-16T09:36:16.797", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93718", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The correct (or one of the correct) answers would be\n「十月に日本に行くので日本語を勉強しています。」Just replace 「行き」with 「行く」。「行く」in this sense\ntranslates to \"am going\"/\"will go\". Replacing 「ので」with 「から」also works in an\ninformal sense - 「ので」is more formal than 「から」。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-04T22:10:32.267", "id": "93990", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-04T22:10:32.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "93719", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "From a 68,000 word dictionary, I counted 22,000 words whose readings include\none, or more, of 「っ, ゃ, ゅ, ょ」. Unfortunately, I triple-counted unusual words\nlike 出張(しゅっちょう). 「ょ」was in 11,000 of the words while「ゃ」was in just 2,200. I\nignored all katakana.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-16T17:55:07.363", "id": "93739", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T17:55:07.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3962", "parent_id": "93722", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Assuming C said だとよ to B, and assuming everyone is at the same place, yes, C\nis basically \"quoting\" A's statement. Its purpose is to confirm B heard what A\nsaid, and to prompt B's response. It's something like \"So that's what A is\nsaying, huh?\", \"(B,) you heard what A said?\", \"(B,) what do you say after A\nsaid this?\", etc. Note that saying だとよ by itself does not necessary mean C has\nagreed with A.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-15T13:52:01.100", "id": "93724", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-15T13:52:01.100", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93723", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "A common phrase, not a direct translation, is \"Don't break my dreams\" 夢を壊すな\n(yume wo kowasu na) or 夢を壊さないでください (yume wo kowasanaide kudasai)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-15T20:15:08.600", "id": "93726", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-15T21:42:49.703", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-15T21:42:49.703", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "19665", "parent_id": "93725", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "You may have gotten this doubt from your textbook’s explanation on whether to\nuse 思う or 思っている based on who you are talking about. While that distinction is\nlegitimate, と is common in all cases.\n\nBy the way, it is perfectly fine to ask what someone thinks using 思う, or its\nnegative form 思わない, if you are directly asking that person as in your second\nexample.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-16T03:56:47.210", "id": "93728", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T05:11:03.867", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-16T05:11:03.867", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93727", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The teacher used the word 勝手 to mean “without permission” in a legal sense.\nThe student understood it as meaning “as one pleases,” “of one’s own free\nwill,” or something like that. He is asking if he can upload TV programs if\nヨシオ says OK because that’s, by his logic, 勝手じゃない.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-16T10:57:56.803", "id": "93733", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T10:57:56.803", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93732", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "比較的 is used as an adverb by itself and not normally used as an adjective.\n(That’s except, of course, when 比較的な is used in the sense of 比較のような or 比較みたいな\nin very colloquial speech.) In fact, the word is listed as an adverb in\ndictionaries, unlike 具体的 and most other words that end with 的, which are all\nlisted as な-adjectives, or 形容動詞.\n\n可及的 is the only other adverb as far as I can find in the dictionaries I have\naccess to on my computer or online. But I don’t think I have ever seen or\nheard this word used without being followed by 速やかに. It is almost like 可及的速やかに\nis one adverb.\n\nSome of the dictionaries have an entry for [快快的]{カイカイデー}. It seems this\nChinese expression was used in Japan in the Taisho era. Nobody uses it any\nlonger. (If it is an adverb, I would think it should be written as 快快地,\nthough...)\n\nSo, practically speaking, 比較的 seems to be the only exception.\n\n[Reference]\n\n * [広辞苑](https://sakura-paris.org/dict/%E5%BA%83%E8%BE%9E%E8%8B%91/suffix/%E7%9A%84)\n * [大辞林](https://sakura-paris.org/dict/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%9E%97/suffix/%E7%9A%84)\n * [大辞泉](https://sakura-paris.org/dict/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%B3%89/suffix/%E7%9A%84)\n * [ハイブリッド新辞林](https://sakura-paris.org/dict/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E6%96%B0%E8%BE%9E%E6%9E%97/suffix/%E7%9A%84)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-16T13:31:41.763", "id": "93737", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-16T13:31:41.763", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93734", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "A short answer is that you could use 豹 if you mean the animal with round spots\non its skin.\n\n* * *\n\n[A dictionary](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=panther) says that _leopard_ and\n_panther_ are synonymous while [this website](https://pediaa.com/difference-\nbetween-panther-and-leopard/) claims that panthers are black(ish).\n\nIn Japanese, 豹 is a species under the genus\n[豹属](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6%E5%B1%9E).\nNormally 豹 makes us think of spotted yellow skin (e.g. ヒョウ柄) and there is a\nspecific word 黒豹 to refer to black leopards/panthers. So as a name of the\nspecies, 豹 corresponds to the English\n_[leopard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard)_. If you mean black leopards\nby _panther_ , then there is no common single kanji for it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-17T01:43:28.940", "id": "93742", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-17T05:40:25.330", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-17T05:40:25.330", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93735", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There are two parts:\n\n * **ということ（は）** or in other cases（というものは）= (I conclude) that ~, the fact is that ~\n * **になります** = becomes\n\nということは is used in complex pieces of writing to focus the reader on key points\n- for example, the substance of a remark, piece of knowledge or an event. In\nsimpler sentences it isn't needed.\n\nWhen the writer uses といことは , their aim is to either state that they think that\n\n 1. X is **impossible** , or\n 2. X is **a fact**.\n\nIn the sample sentence, it seems that (2) is relevant.\n\nIt may be that the writer wants to draw a parallel between the two uses of\n'limit', 範囲 and 限界, and conclude that 範囲 is in fact a 限界.\n\n * 私の言葉の **範囲** が, The limits of my language\n\n * そのまま left unchanged / as they currently are\n\n * **限界** ということになります。 **become in fact / become so that** they are the limits to\n\n * 私の世界の my world", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-14T23:47:53.187", "id": "94121", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-14T23:47:53.187", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48882", "parent_id": "93738", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I think the easiest way to understand ということになります is by viewing XがYということになります\nas a set phrase that concludes that X implies or can be rephrased in terms of\nY.\n\nYou could think of it like this:\n\n> XがYということになります = X is, in other words, Y\n\nOr, if applied to your sample sentence:\n\n> 私の言葉の範囲 is, in other words, 私の世界の限界", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-15T12:57:23.023", "id": "94130", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-15T12:57:23.023", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51082", "parent_id": "93738", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "「怠惰はあなたを不幸にする」\n\nは(wa)is concatenated with 怠惰(taida).\n\nを(wo)is concatenated with あなた(anata).\n\n～にする(~ni suru) is concatenated with 不幸(fukou).\n\nI don't think any other interpretation than this is possible.\n\nMaybe you are confusing the fact that many expressions that end with <～にする＞\nare already idioms themselves. So 「不幸にする」can be regarded as an idiom, so\n「不幸をする」doesn't seem to make sense.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T10:10:55.503", "id": "93881", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T16:44:29.370", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T16:44:29.370", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93740", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "不幸だ is a na-adjective turned into an adverb using に, the same way －くis used to\nmake adverbs out of i-adjectives. Do not mistake this に as the に particle, it\nis just the renyoukei (conjunctive form) of the copula だ.\n\nIt is also worth noting that にする can be used with adjectives much like になる,\nexcept the meaning is causative, as in to make something happen, rather than\nsomething just occurring or becoming that way.\n\nAll that said, the translation of your sentence is \"Laziness makes you\nunhappy\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T16:05:39.150", "id": "93887", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T16:05:39.150", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50937", "parent_id": "93740", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Grammatically speaking, this じゃない _is_ a negation. This Xじゃないけど is a kind of\nset phrase that typically implies \"I don't mean to directly quote from X, but\nI feel the same thing as what X said\", \"What I'm saying happens to be similar\nto what X said, but I want to say this as my own words\", \"You may be remined\nof what X said, but this is what _I_ am thinking now\", etc.\n\nSometimes, Xじゃないけど is used intentionally while evidently quoting someone's\nfamous statement or mimicking someone's signature gag. In such cases, it may\nbe like saying \"no pun intended\" when a pun is intended, so you shouldn't take\nit literally. Your second sentence about Shakespeare may be an example of this\n(I don't know whether Shakespeare really said this, though).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-17T06:06:30.147", "id": "93746", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-17T06:21:17.223", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-17T06:21:17.223", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93743", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "This くらい means \"at least\", and it is associated with 幼馴染に, not ちゃんと.\n\n * [Understanding くらい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34126/5010)\n * [Does でも mean \"but\" in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/86037/5010)\n\n> **幼馴染にくらい** ちゃんと悩みは相談しなさい！ \n> You should talk about your problems **at least to your childhood friend**!\n\nAnd yes, you can replace 悩みは to 悩みを.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-17T05:43:22.240", "id": "93745", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-17T05:43:22.240", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93744", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I'd read it as え.\n\n> ひしゃくの[柄]{え}、フライパンの[柄]{え}、[柄]{え}の長い[箒]{ほうき}...\n\n[柄]{え} means \"handle, grip\" (≈ [取]{と}っ[手]{て}).\n\n* * *\n\n[柄]{がら} means \"pattern, design\" (≈ [模様]{もよう}).\n\n> [桜]{さくら}の[柄]{がら}のハンカチ\n\n[柄]{がら} also means \"physique, frame\" (≈ [体格]{たいかく}), and \"nature, quality (of\na person or area)\" (≈ [性質]{せいしつ}, [品格]{ひんかく}).\n\n> [柄]{がら}の大きい男 (≈ [大柄]{おおがら}の男) \n> [柄]{がら}の悪い地域\n\n* * *\n\nI've never seen [柄]{つか}. It seems like it's used for the handle of 武器, such as\n刀, 剣, 弓.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-17T08:08:39.647", "id": "93748", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-17T08:08:39.647", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "93747", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "I agree with\n[Chocolate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/9831/chocolate):\n\nもう一度、左手を清め、最後にひしゃくを立てて残った水で **柄** を清める。\n\nHiragana: もういちど、 ひだりて を きよめ、 さいご に ひしゃく を たてて のこった みず で **え** を きよめる。\n\nEnglish: Cleanse the left hand once again, and finally, hold up the ladle and\ncleanse the **handle** with the remaining water.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-17T17:51:43.860", "id": "93752", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-17T17:51:43.860", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50849", "parent_id": "93747", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "近寄る and 近づく are closer in meaning than 迫る.\n\n近寄る means quite literally to approach. It can also meaning to get close to\nsomeone emotionally. Because 寄る means to come or approach physically, its uses\nbasically stop there. On a personal level, I've been competent in Japanese for\n10 years and I've only ever seen this word written, not spoken. Even written\nit's not that common.\n\n近づく has several more layers however. While also meaning to approach physically\nas well as emotionally, it is also used to describe approaching dates and\nevents. It can also be used to describe approaching an ideal certain\ncircumstance.\n\n迫る on the other hand is used to describe something approaching in an impending\nsense. This can be used to describe something physical (an army, for example)\nor otherwise (dates, events, calamity, etc.).\n\nDefinitions in Japanese can be found here:\n\n[近寄る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%BF%91%E5%AF%84%E3%82%8B/) \n[近づく](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%98%E3%81%8F/#jn-141203) \n[迫る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%BF%AB%E3%82%8B_%28%E3%81%9B%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%29/#jn-125115)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-18T01:59:23.107", "id": "93756", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-18T05:16:58.230", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-18T05:16:58.230", "last_editor_user_id": "21657", "owner_user_id": "50360", "parent_id": "93751", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "見方 is traditionally and still dominantly pronounced 尾高, aka accented on the\nthird (=last) mora, aka [3].\n\n[3][2] has been the order suggested by dictionaries anywhere from NHK 1998 to\nNHK 2016, 新明解国語辞典 7th edition (2011), 大辞林 4th edition (2019).\n\nIt’s in _more_ recent dictionary editions that we see the preference reversed\nto [2][3]: 新明解国語辞典 8th edition (2020), 大辞泉 (2021). But 三省堂国語辞典 8th edition\n(2021) keeps it with [3] preferred.\n\nPersonally I disagree with that reversal, as even most of the younger people I\nknow say it [3] still. Certainly news casters and other voice professionals\nall still say it [3]. So this is what I would recommend to a learner.\n\nWith regards to confusion with 味方, it will sound different in most sentences\nbecause 味方 is [0], not [3]. And the meaning (and as a result\ncontexts/collocations) are considerably different. I can’t recall ever being\nconfused once.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-18T11:32:05.653", "id": "93758", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-18T11:32:05.653", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "93754", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Both are correct, there is no set-in-stone answer as the difference in\npronunciation is slight. As you said, the pronunciation depends on context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-04T22:06:38.353", "id": "93988", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-05T11:28:25.023", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-05T11:28:25.023", "last_editor_user_id": "50991", "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "93757", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You are basically right. The 起こす refers to the action of putting something\ninto something else in another form, where some sort of transcription or\nextraction is involved. Practically, it is used in a narrow context as given\nin the examples: transcribing sounds into texts. When drafting a prose, it is\n原稿を起こす; When there is a original, （e.g. インタビューを）原稿に起こす.\n\nA related word is\n[テープ起こし](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E8%B5%B7%E3%81%97/#jn-150658)\n（= テープを文字に起こす）. I don't think other source of sounds are used in this way (no\nmp3起こし). Also, 文字起こし （=文字に起こす） can be used in the same sense.\n\n* * *\n\n[パターン](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%83%91%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3/#jn-176548)\nhere is used in the following sense.\n\n> ３ 洋裁などで用いる型紙。「―オーダー」\n\nwhich are [things like\nthese](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E3%83%91%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%80%80%E6%9C%8D&sxsrf=APq-\nWBv65gX_KMrSH0E59dEnhV6W2bWlmg:1647645732894&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivvf_U5tD2AhXZyYsBHdDrA1gQ_AUoAXoECAMQAw&biw=1338&bih=781&dpr=1.1).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-18T23:27:26.637", "id": "93765", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-18T23:27:26.637", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93759", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I suppose _do you mean to_ would require some modifications depending on what\nyou are asking.\n\nSpeaking backward, つもりですか/つもりでしたか normally sounds like _do you plan to/did you\nplan to...?_. That is, it sounds asking about the explicit plan, not implicit\nintentions. So if a sentence can be rewritten as _do you plan/try to...?_ ,\nつもりですか probably can be used.\n\nAs for the particular example, suppose (this year) there is written\n3月19日（日）（＝actually 土曜日） we normally say\n\n 1. 日付と曜日が食い違っていますが、どちらが正しいでしょうか？\n\n 2. 19日は土曜日ですか、曜日のほうが間違っているということでよろしいでしょうか？\n\n 3. 19日は土曜日ですが、20日の間違いということでよろしいでしょうか？\n\nIn 1. you generally ask about the inconsistency; in 2, you assume the day of\nthe week is wrong; in 3, you assume the date is wrong.\n\nSlightly more generally, I guess you need to rephrase the English to something\nlike \"Currently X (which puzzles me), did you mean to write Y?\", and translate\nit as \"Xとなっていますが、Yということでよろしいでしょうか\" (with possibly many modifications depending\non the context).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-18T23:44:28.090", "id": "93766", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-21T00:53:41.110", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-21T00:53:41.110", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93760", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "One would place filler vowels where impermissible clusters such as 'dr' form,\nand substitute for vowels like /æ/ with their closest match, thus making\ninitial /ændru:/ into /andorɯ:/ or even /andorʲɯ:/, those being アンドルー and\nアンドリュー, respectively. You may also find it useful to check Japanese sources\nsuch as wikis for folk with a given name, to see whether there exists a\npredominant way of transliteration.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-18T19:36:10.457", "id": "93763", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-18T19:36:10.457", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50401", "parent_id": "93761", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「なんやけど」means 「なんだけど」in the Kansai dialect, mostly spoken in the Kansai region.\nThis sentence roughly means \"About the fireflies, they're lost.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-05T21:38:35.330", "id": "94017", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-05T21:38:35.330", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "93764", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Flat meaning of \"なんやけどな\" in your case is something like \"as for.\" If this\nphrase is used at the front, the speaker often implies \"I'm going to tell you\nsomething you do not anticipate,\" for both good and bad outcomes.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-05T18:26:36.657", "id": "96127", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-05T19:14:57.557", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-05T19:14:57.557", "last_editor_user_id": "54245", "owner_user_id": "54245", "parent_id": "93764", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "The combined characters you are referring to are called \"Kanji.\" It's a system\nof writing, like hiragana and katakana, but they use Chinese characters. Most\nkanji are made of different parts.\n\nFor example, the character \"私{わたし}\" is made of the grain radical (禾) on the\nleft and \"厶\" on the right. It's helpful to remember these characters like so,\nalong with their meanings and pronunciation.\n\nAnother example, the character \"鷹{たか}\" is made of the parts \"广\", \"亻\", \"隹\", and\n\"鳥\". Its radical is the bird radical (鳥).\n\n[Jisho.org](https://jisho.org/) is a great resource for this.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-06T11:33:55.097", "id": "94030", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-06T12:05:25.037", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-06T12:05:25.037", "last_editor_user_id": "50991", "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "93768", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I am just beginning too, but already I have some tips. First you can’t think\nof any kanji as derived from Kana. Japanese doesn’t start with a phonetic\nspelling of the word and then somehow cobbling together into a pictograph. In\nfact the Kana were originally kanji they’ve been (overly) simplified.\n\nIf you’re looking up single kanji in google translate you might get the\npronunciation which you could translate into kana, but the two are not\nequivalent. When something like “bus“ translates into multiple kanji, I will\nuse Google translate to work out the kana for pronunciation and check the\nmeaning of each kanji. So “bus” is “ride go”. Maybe not the most sophisticated\ntranslation process but it does help me understand them better.\n\nThe best site I have found for understanding kanji components is\n<https://jisho.org/search/%23kanji%20%E6%84%9B>. In this example you’re\nlooking at the Kanji for love. Not only does it give you the definition and\nlots of other information about this symbol but on the left-hand side it\nbreaks it down into component parts. Some of those component parts have deeper\nmeaning. Sometimes not. That can help you understand the character a bit\nbetter.\n\nFinally, You have to also remember that these are Chinese characters adopted\nby the Japanese. Sometimes I can look at the Chinese word and understand the\norigin a bit better. If you understand Chinese you can also know that they\nbuild aggregates not just based on meaning but also on phonetics. So an\naggregate kanji might have Chinese symbols indicating heart 心 and at the same\ntime symbols that mean nothing at all 冖 to you but meant something to some\nChinese living 2000 years ago.\n\nI believe the word you are looking for is “inscrutable”. In any case this is\nthe best help I have at the moment. Good luck.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-06T12:05:11.150", "id": "94031", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-06T12:05:11.150", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48831", "parent_id": "93768", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Look up \"Remembering The Kanji\". It's a book that helps with exactly this.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-06T13:04:52.743", "id": "94032", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-06T13:04:52.743", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38417", "parent_id": "93768", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "Korean also uses '~ね' sound as '~네', and the two have similar usage to each\nother, even though not perfectly the same.\n\nIf I search for the [Japanese words of Portuguese\norigin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_words_of_Portuguese_origin),\nI can see that many words which are widely used in daily life in Japan are\ninfluenced by Portuguese words.\n\nSuch as タバコ、天ぷら、コップ、ビロード are the words that you can encounter in daily life of\nJapan with no doubt.\n\nHowever, it is funny that if I search for the Portuguese words of Japanese\norigin, some of the\n[sources](https://www.ezglot.com/etymologies.php?l=por&l2=jpn) introduce 天ぷら\nas the Japanese influenced vocabulary.\n\nI wonder whether if the Portuguese use 天ぷら(Tennpura) in their daily lives\nwhich I don't have a clue.\n\nAnyway, I have to give my opinion that your hypothesis with '~ね' should be\nnegative as long as I know, but it was worth for a question.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T09:28:10.637", "id": "93879", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T16:56:44.147", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T16:56:44.147", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93770", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "To dig into whether Japanese clause-final particle ね and Portuguese term _né_\nmight be related, we have to lay out where these terms individually came from,\nand figure out if, historically, there is any evidence of borrowing.\n\n### Portuguese _né_\n\nThis word basically means \"isn't it?\" It is used in a fashion similar to some\nuses of Japanese ね, added at the end of a sentence to seek confirmation or\nagreement from the listener.\n\nVarious sources online explain clearly that Portuguese _né_ is a contraction\nof _não é_ , literally _não_ (\"not\", deriving from Latin _non_ ) + _é_ (\"is\",\nthird-person singular, deriving from Latin _est_ ). Compare French _n'est-ce\npas_ (literally \"isn't it\").\n\nWhat I cannot find, however, is when this contraction first arises. Despite\nthe [plethora of\nsites](https://www.google.com/search?q=etimologia+do+palavra+n%C3%A9)\nexplaining the derivation of _né_ , none that I've yet read gives any dates\nfor first appearance.\n\n### Japanese ね\n\nThis word has a lot of meanings attested throughout history, as we can see\nfrom the _Kokugo Daijiten_ (KDJ) entry [here at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AD-594445) (in Japanese). Some of\nthese are probably not related to the clause-final particle, such as the ～ね\nimperative conjugation of completion auxiliary ～ぬ, or the ～ね realis\nconjugation of negation auxiliary ～ぬ (from older ～ず). So let's just focus on\nthe clause-final particle (technically, the 終助詞【しゅうじょし】). On the KDJ page,\nthis is the section under the headword **ね［終助・間助］**.\n\nThe supplementary notes for this portion of the entry (the [補説] section\ntowards the bottom) explains that most of these senses appear from the late\nEdo Period, roughly 1600–1868. This is late enough that a Portuguese\nderivation is not ruled out, considering [first contact in 1543 and active\ntrade up until around 1614](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanban_trade).\n\n_However_ , one of the senses for ね, a kind of exhortative use like _\"\nshouldn't you [do what came before]\"_, is illustrated with quotes from the\n[_Man'yōshū_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB), a\ncollection of poetry written from around 600 up through 759 — well before any\nPortuguese ↔ Japanese interaction. The supplementary notes for ね also mention\nthat this has overlap with clause-final particle な, and [the KDJ entry for\nな](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA-586863) includes usage examples from the\nearly to mid-700s.\n\nLooking at the senses for clause-final ね and な, it does appear to me that the\nmodern use of both of these particles, as a kind of \"[tag\nquestion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_question)\" seeking confirmation or\nagreement from the listener, has been a natural outgrowth of the oldest\nexhortative senses.\n\n### The history\n\n * The Portuguese first reached Japan in about 1543, and were mostly kicked out in 1614.\n * The clause-final particle ね is already in evidence in the 700s.\n\n⇒ **Conclusion:** The Japanese particle ね and the Portuguese term _né_ are\nonly accidentally similar.\n\nIt's actually surprisingly easy to find words in any two languages that kinda\nsorta sound similar and kinda sorta have similar meanings. If you're\ninterested in word origins and comparative linguistics, I highly recommend you\nread [\"How likely are chance resemblances between\nlanguages?\"](https://www.zompist.com/chance.htm) The author even lays out a\nwell-backed-up mathematical model for determining the likelihood of such non-\ncognate similarities.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T23:09:54.297", "id": "93937", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T23:09:54.297", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "93770", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Most modern Japanese people haven't seriously counted fundoshi (actually, many\nof them haven't even seen one in real life). Still, I think the natural\ncounter for them is either 枚 or 本 (or maybe 着).\n\nHere, 一丁 is a special expression found in several _set phrases_ :\n\n * ふんどし一丁 (and by extension, [パンツ一丁](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%81))\n * [もう一丁](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24201/5010)\n * [一丁前](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24937/5010)\n\nThe existence of these phrases does not mean people today _count_ ふんどし or パンツ\nusing 丁. And this does not mean \"ふんどし1枚\" is incorrect, either.\n\n丁 is used as a true counter for tōfu blocks, ramen/gyūdon bowls and handguns.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T02:31:01.297", "id": "93790", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T05:49:15.270", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T05:49:15.270", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93771", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Technically it is an inverted cleft sentence (I don't know this is the correct\nterm).\n\nConsider the non-inverted version: 強くあろうと意識したのはそのときからだな, which has the same\nstructure as\n\n * はじめてアメリカに行ったのは18歳の時です _It was when I was 18 years old that I went to the US for the first time_.\n\nSo the sentence should be translated as _It was since then that (I)\n強くあろうと意識した._\n\nNow あろう here is ある +\n[う](https://www.kokugobunpou.com/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E/%E3%81%86-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86/#gsc.tab=0),\nmeaning _try to be(come)_ and 意識する means something along the lines of \"obj. is\ngot awareness in subj's mind\". So the whole phrase means literally _I got\naware that I will try to be strong_. More idiomatically, it means _I started\nmaking conscious efforts to become strong_.\n\nCf. [A dictionary](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98-30519) has the\nfollowing definition (closest would be ロ):\n\n> ③ (━する) 何事かを気にとめること。\n>\n> (イ) 心に悟ること。わかること。また考えること。\n>\n> (ロ) ある意図をもってすること。\n>\n> (ハ) 自分やまわりのようすがどうなっているかに気づくこと。\n>\n> (ニ) 特別にある人や物事を気にかけること。\n\n* * *\n\nBTW, I think you could try to add a bit more of your current\ngrammatical/lexical understanding, so that the question clarifies exactly what\npart of the sentence poses difficulty. I understand it is not always possible\nbut just a suggestion.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-21T03:39:46.257", "id": "93779", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-21T03:39:46.257", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93772", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "There is another answer I got from a Japanese guy, in case someone wondering\nabout the meaning will need this in the future.\n\n強く -- adverb form of 強い. interpret as 強い人で\n\nあろう -- volitional of ある. interpret as 存在しよう\n\n\"It's from then that I consciously strived to be strong\" /\"...became\naware/conscious of striving/trying to be strong\"\n\nVagabond manga chapter 272 reference Eng:\n<https://cloud.heavenmanga.org/cdn/2021/02/06/vagabond-chap-272-page-19.jpg>\n\nJapanese:\n<https://renote.jp/files/blobs/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBdGZpIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19\n--e78aa92079c767234ba125ec9e65ef0ac15f733e/d66c0e98.jpg>\n\n(the fan translation is wrong. This's what the old lady said\n\nOld lady: \"Mahatachi...in this world, there's no such thing as \"the strong\"\n\n\"...There are only those who are striving/trying to be strong... that's all\")", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T17:59:28.757", "id": "93800", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T19:05:20.417", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T19:05:20.417", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "42363", "parent_id": "93772", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "It does seem that you are parsing it incorrectly, here, with interchangeable\nparts in bold:\n\n> {(みんな **が** いなくなった[さびしい沼地]) のふち}の@葦 **が** しげったところ@に立って\n\nAdditionally, have a look here: [How does the の work in\n「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12825/how-does-\nthe-%E3%81%AE-work-\nin-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E),\nwhere this particular の, the attributive subject marker, is explained.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-20T20:47:26.367", "id": "93775", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-20T22:15:30.943", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-20T22:15:30.943", "last_editor_user_id": "50401", "owner_user_id": "50401", "parent_id": "93773", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> 『こんないっぱい黒歴史持ってるには若すぎる。』\n\nこんな ↔ Such(or this much, that much)\n\nいっぱい ↔ a lot of(or fully, bunch of)\n\n黒歴史 ↔ shameful old memories (some of the past that you want to hide from\nothers)\n\n持ってる(=持っている) ↔ having(=have + ing)\n\n~には ↔ to do ~ (or to be ~)\n\n若すぎる ↔ too young\n\nSo I may interpret the sentence as the following.\n\n> He(or she) is too young to have such a lot of shameful old memories.\n\nRemember that even though there is no 'he'(or she) which could have been the\nsubject word in the original sentence, Japanese language is already implying\nit. The biggest characteristic of Japanese language is that they omit\nfrequently with the subject(such as 私、僕、彼、あなた）word that depicts a person.\n\nThe meaning of 「には」can be totally changed depending on the context of the\nsentence. So my explanation can only go for the sentence you've posed on the\nquestion.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T10:00:07.230", "id": "93880", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T16:50:15.083", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T16:50:15.083", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93777", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I suppose you almost got it.\n\n 1. にまで: に comes from **Xに** 影響力を持つ = have influence **over X**. まで here is [極端な例をあげて、他の場合を言外に推測させる意を表す。](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7/#jn-208999), or more practically _even_ (it is possible to use _as far as_ , like you tried).\n 2. You are correct in that など indicates an example. 年貢取り立てに検査制度を導入する is an example of まつりごと (or まつりごとへの影響力), which is an archaic word for _politics_ (rendered 政 in Kanji). So the sentence gives introduction of inspection into annual tributes as an example of politics.\n\nSo the whole sentence means, _Our clan that came to have influence even over\npolitics, e.g. bringing in inspection system in requisition of annual\ntributes._", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-21T04:00:19.410", "id": "93780", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-21T04:00:19.410", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93778", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "It seems that you are touching the deepest theory of linguistics in Japanese.\n\nWhat you are asking is 「連濁」(Rendaku) phenomenon in Japanese.\n\nPlease refer the following Wikipedia documents.\n\n 1. [[In Japanese]](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E6%BF%81)\n 2. [[In English]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku)\n\nAs I've said, since you are touching the deepest theory of linguistics in\nJapanese, I'm almost sure that unless a someone is PhD in Japanese who has\nbeen working with that Rendaku phenomenon for his career, nobody can easily\nanswer to your question.\n\nIf you refer the English Wikipedia document that I've attached, you will read\nthe following.\n\n\"Despite a number of rules which have been formulated to help explain the\ndistribution of the effect of rendaku, there still remain many examples of\nwords in which rendaku manifests in ways currently unpredictable.\"\n\nI did try to answer your question of [Question: Why 四本(yonn-honn) vs 四泊(yonn-\npaku)?] by searching for some sources,( [[source1]](https://www.nihongo-\nappliedlinguistics.net/wp/archives/9028)\n[[source2]](https://marginaliae.wordpress.com/2013/03/05/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%BD%E3%82%93%E3%80%81%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BB%E3%82%93%E3%80%81%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E3%81%BC%E3%82%93%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA/))\nbut it seems that your example goes for the exception of rules of Rendaku\nphenomenon.\n\nIt is definitely 四本(yonn-honn) to read it, but you know what. I've read a\nstory from some Japanese who read it as [yonn-\npon](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1049417445?sort=1&page=2),\nand you will see that nobody explains it why it is yonn-honn but they just\nknow that it is yonn-honn.\n\nSo yeah, Japanese is like that. How would you answer if someone asks you about\nEnglish when he asks why the word 'guarantee' is being read as [ɡærənˈtiː] not\n[gwaranti:]? I hope you could just be familiar with the language itself rather\nthan thinking about its theoretical part. Many problems in language doesn't\nwork like math. The only way to learn language is to feel it, as you feel some\nmusic.\n\nGood luck!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T09:07:38.857", "id": "93878", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T09:07:38.857", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93781", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> A: なんで仕事がそんなにお上手ですか？ \n> Eddie: まあ、そんなことないですよ。まだまだ未熟なので。好きだから、この仕事が。\n\n「好きだから、この仕事が。」 sounds good to me. I think it's quite natural to say it like\nthat in daily conversation. I don't think it should be corrected here.\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, なんで仕事がそんなにお上手 **なん** ですか？ would sound more natural.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-21T07:26:39.000", "id": "93783", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-21T07:26:39.000", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "93782", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The restaurant should be ヨシミーツ in katakana. That shogun is ヨシミツ in katakana,\nso the only difference is the length of ミ. If you chose other spellings, it\nwould be almost impossible for Japanese speakers to notice the intended pun.\n\nGoogle translated _yoshi_ to ヨッシー because it happens to be the name of [this\ncharacter](https://www.nintendo.co.jp/kids/character/yoshi/), but ヨッシー is not\nthe standard romaji of _yoshi_. \"Tsu\" describes one sound, and it must not be\ndivided to トス. You must not remove the long vowel marker between ミ and ト.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T09:05:54.203", "id": "93794", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T09:05:54.203", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93784", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Kanji stroke order is made so that the character is easy to write with a brush\n(for calligraphy etc.) In the case of 求, the ending point of the 4th stroke\nmakes it easier to start the 5th stroke. If the 4th stroke was written from\ntop to bottom, the brush wouldn't flow that easily. As you noticed in 球, the\n4th stroke goes upwards to flow into the next stroke. Same logic for 求。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-04T22:03:28.920", "id": "93987", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-04T22:03:28.920", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "93787", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This is used both in Kanto and Tohoku.\n\nIn Kanto, 文句あっか, 困っから, できっか, やれっか and such are rough 若者言葉 typically used by\ndelinquent or irritated young people. It's not standard Japanese, but it's not\ndialectal, either. The tweet by 河野太郎 seems to be an example of this.\n\nSimilar expressions are heard also in Tohoku dialects, and in such cases, it's\ndialectal. Your other three quotes are examples of this.\n\nTypical 老人語 is based on dialects in western Japan ([esp.\n瀬戸内](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/91491/5010)). I feel the last two\nquotes are 東北弁, but not streotypical 老人語.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T01:21:05.350", "id": "93789", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T01:21:05.350", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93788", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I would use ないといけない or its shortened colloquial version ないと.\n\n> 彼女に電話して教えてあげないと。 \n> _I have to call her to let her know._\n\nないといけない sounds less obligatory and more subjective than なければならない, while the\nlatter’s contracted colloquial form なきゃ can be used practically\ninterchangeably with ないと.\n\n> 彼女に電話して教えてあげなきゃ。\n\nAs a native speaker of a Western dialect, I personally never say なきゃ even when\nI'm speaking in standard Japanese (perhaps unless it is followed by いけない)\nbecause it sounds feminine to me. I guess it is a regional thing.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T08:07:15.457", "id": "93793", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T08:53:34.930", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T08:53:34.930", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93791", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "As suggested by the comment, たとえ・・・でも is usually translated as _even if ..._.\nSo the part literally means _don't think (cruel things) even if (you) just\nthink (cruel things)._\n\nA neutral reading is that _to think (of cruel things)_ is contrasted with _to\ndo (cruel things)_. The monster says _Your thinking is already harmful, even\nif you don't actually do those things, so don't even think about them_.\n\n* * *\n\n#I suppose 'she' does not know her thinking is harmful, otherwise it sounds a\nbit strange to me because in case she knows about her ability, then she is\nintentionally doing harm, so the monster should beg her just to stop.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T10:34:22.230", "id": "93795", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T10:34:22.230", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93792", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This と marks the content of actions such as 思う, 書く and 感じる.\n\n> > すぐに何かおかしい **と** 感じました。\n>\n> I immediately sensed **that** something was wrong.\n\nThe predicate of the clause marked by this と can be in the dictionary form,\nta-form, nai-form or plain command form. In this case, it's in the dictionary\nform, おかしい.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T21:18:19.007", "id": "93801", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T21:23:42.100", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T21:23:42.100", "last_editor_user_id": "45630", "owner_user_id": "45630", "parent_id": "93796", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "怠惰なブラシ sounds like a brush that is lazy. That is, a personified brush who has\nits own will and refuses to work hard.\n\n怠けものブラシ may refer to the same thing depending on the context, but it usually\nrefers to a brush suitable for use by lazy people. This name doesn't sound\nslangy or funny at all to me.\n[怠けもの](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%80%A0%E3%81%91%E8%80%85) is a compound noun\nmeaning \"lazy person\", so the title simply means \"lazy person('s) brush\". If\nsomeone said this name is incorrect, you don't have to believe them.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-22T15:12:03.787", "id": "93798", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-22T15:19:57.763", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-22T15:19:57.763", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93797", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You can split the sentence by words like this:\n\n> あまり/一般的な/好み/と/は/言え/ない/ **もの/が**\n\n * 言えない - can't say\n * もの(=物) - things\n * が - (subject marker)\n\nSo that basically means, \"I mean, it appears to be a word to refer to people\nwhose taste differs from general ones.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-23T14:57:44.153", "id": "93811", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-23T14:57:44.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14627", "parent_id": "93806", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "verb-た is not a past tense per se, it's the accomplished form. (That's why you\ncan see it used for sentence speaking about the future.)\n\n知った doesn't only mean \"I knew\", it means \"before I didn't know, and after I\nknew.\" The fact of my knowing has been accomplished. \n知っていた means I was in the knowing both before and after, there are no changes\nhappening here.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-23T17:52:19.433", "id": "93814", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-23T17:52:19.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1065", "parent_id": "93807", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "As far as you are speaking in the affirmative, the verb 知る is like any other\nverb that describes an instantaneous change of state. The dictionary form\nrefers to a change that either happens habitually or will happen in the\nfuture. It can be translated as “get to know” or “learn” The simple past form\n知った only describes a change that happened in the past. It corresponds to “got\nto know” or “learned.” The English verb “know” is the one that is peculiar\nhere as its simple past form “knew” can describe both a past state and a past\nchange of state.\n\n知っている refers to a current state where you “know” something. Technically\nspeaking, this is a state that resulted from a past change of state, although\nyou are not always conscious of what put you in that state or when that event\nhappened. Similarly, its past version 知っていた describes a past state that,\ntechnically speaking, resulted from an earlier change of state. This\ncorresponds to “knew” in its stative sense.\n\nThe peculiarity of the Japanese verb comes into play when you start talking in\nthe negative. The simple negative form 知らない refers to a current state where\nyou don’t know something, not a change of state that doesn’t or won’t happen.\n知らなかった is used for a similar state in the past, not a change of state that\ndidn’t happen. 知っていない and 知っていなかった are both ungrammatical and should never be\nused.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-26T22:07:46.257", "id": "93859", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-26T22:07:46.257", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93807", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "想いを音に means something more like \"express your thought in sound\". 音を思いに is even\nhard to understand even for Japanese people tbh. I guess it's trying to be\npoetic.\n\nBut what omitted here is not _suru_. 想いを音に **込めて** would be the full sentence.\nYou can omit verbs like this, but only in things like songs, poems or slogans.\nIt sounds weird if you just omit it in the middle of a normal sentence…", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T13:07:18.360", "id": "93838", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T14:36:12.040", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-25T14:36:12.040", "last_editor_user_id": "3097", "owner_user_id": "50916", "parent_id": "93812", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "I think it's because 厚か is the word with ましい is the stem - so か is not being\nused as a substitute for the が particle. I could be wrong", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-26T08:02:46.330", "id": "93855", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-26T08:02:46.330", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50927", "parent_id": "93815", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "I'm Japanese and your question is so cool and many Japanese people don't think\nlike you. \nI think if Japanese people see only 酷い捨てられ方をされた then don't think it's weird\nand they think like you \"got abandoned in cruel way\" . When I read your\nquestion and I thought 酷い捨て方をされた is grammaticaly perfect but 酷い捨てられ方をした is\nweirder than 酷い捨てられ方をされた. I'm not Japanese grammatical professional but\naccording to my life in Japan for more than 35 years 酷い捨てられ方をされた is natural\nand no problem when you use in polite or casual situation.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T14:17:11.560", "id": "93829", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T14:17:11.560", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "93816", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I think we don't say 捨て方をされた and rather say 捨てられ方をされた. This way you are\nstressing that it's got abandoned terribly, and also both 捨てられ and された are\npassive voice which is making it more sound like so.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T15:55:34.750", "id": "93849", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T15:55:34.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50916", "parent_id": "93816", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "The following mean all the same to me, but the bold された strongly suggests\n被害/迷惑の受け身, so that 2 and 3 sound more like the speaker thinking she is damaged\nby being abandoned while 1 more neutrally states she was abandoned and that in\na bad way. But these are a bit 'theoretical', I don't think they are really\ndistinguished consciously.\n\n 1. 彼女はひどい捨てられ方をした\n 2. 彼女はひどい捨てられ方を **された**\n 3. 彼女はひどい捨て方を **された**\n\nNote: 彼女はひどい捨て方をした means _she_ is the one who abandoned.\n\nGrammatically, one thing I noticed in a dictionary is that\n[方](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%96%B9_%28%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9F%29/#jn-41597)\ncan mean\n\n * ２ 動詞の連用形や動作性の漢語名詞に付いて、…すること、の意を表す。「打ち―やめ」「調査―を依頼される」\n\nThe 方 retains some meaning of _way_ , but here it functions more as a\nnominalizer, so the above are roughly the same as the following (unnatural)\nsentences\n\n 1. 彼女はひどく捨てられることをした\n 2. 彼女はひどく捨てられることをされた\n 3. 彼女はひどく捨てることをされた\n\nwhich roughly correspond to\n\n 1. She did (went through) the experience of being abandoned in a horrible way.\n 2. The experience of being abandoned in a horrible way was done to her.\n 3. She was done (a victim of) the act of abandoning in a horrible way.\n\n* * *\n\nI think ultimately all these work somehow by vagueness of 方（こと）・する.\n\nAnother thing to consider is the fact that generally there is no\nstraightforward translation for _in adj. way_.\n\nFor example, it is not possible to translate _he abandoned her in a cruel way_\ninto かれはadjなやりかたで/advで彼女を捨てた. 残酷に won't sound idiomatic here. (I mean this\nonly generally. In specific cases, there could be straightforward\ntranslations. E.g. in a simple way = 単純に).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T08:35:48.253", "id": "93915", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T22:27:36.933", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-31T22:27:36.933", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93816", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "There is a difference.\n\nと変わらない means what you think it means. Something is no different from something\nelse.\n\nに変わらない is a variant of に変わり（は）ない or に違い（は）ない. It would say a less common one.\nThese expressions are used to say something remains the same or some statement\nremains true despite a difference in appearance or despite the circumstances.\nOften times a noun clause comes before に as in your first example.\n\n> あなたが彼の跡取り息子の母親であることには変わりないんだから。 \n> It remains true that you are the mother of the heir to his business.\n\nこと is omitted in your last example.\n\n> しかしありがたい（こと）に変わりは無い。 \n> I am equally grateful. \n> ( _lit._ There is no difference in that I am grateful.)\n\n* * *\n\n[Edit]\n\nと変わりない means the same as と変わり（が／は）ない or と違い（が／は）ない. The function of と remains\nthe same as と変わらない or と違わない. It's just using a noun instead of a verb.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T02:58:26.653", "id": "93820", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T04:04:56.620", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-24T04:04:56.620", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93818", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "と as in Xと変わり(は)ない is the same と as in ～と比べる, ～と違う, ～と似ている, ～と同じ, ～と並ぶ. It\nmarks the thing you compare something with. When you say Xと変わりない, you are\ncomparing something _with X_. It means \"(something) is no different from X\".\n\nに as in Xに変わり(は)ない is an abstract place marker. This に is the same に as in\n私には夢がない, その理論に欠点はない, etc. When you say Xに変わりない, you are talking about the\n(possible) change of one thing, X (e.g., the significance of a fact, the\nmeaning of a word). Thus, Xに変わりない means \"X stays the same\", \"X still holds\ntrue\", \"X is always how it is\", etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T04:52:35.653", "id": "93822", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T05:38:08.487", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-24T05:38:08.487", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93818", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "I think there is a difference in nuance. As in [naruto's\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/93822/50904), it's a matter of\nsaying \"similar with\" (と変わりない, lit. has no difference with) vs. saying\n\"similar to\" (に変わりない, lit. has no difference to).\n\n＊私は兄 **と** 変わりない。 _Watashi wa ani-to kawarinai._ There is no difference\nbetween me and my brother, i.e. I am nothing lesser of him.\n\n＊私は兄 **に** 変わりない。 _Watashi wa ani-ni kawarinai._ I don't make a difference to\nbrother. This could be in both a positive or negative sense; i.e. whether it's\nme or my father going with him, my brother trusts us both so it won't matter,\n**OR** my brother is indifferent to whether or not I will be there.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T10:44:57.517", "id": "93824", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T10:44:57.517", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50904", "parent_id": "93818", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "That sentence is inverted. The version in the normal order would be something\nlike this.\n\n> 手も汚さず正しくあろうとするなんて（ことは）断ります。\n\n手も汚さず means without getting even my hands dirty. The sense of “even” is added\nby も. Without it, the phrase would be 手を汚さず. It is used figuratively here, of\ncourse. The grammar point here is `[V ない-stem]-ず`, which is usually translated\nas “without V-ing”.\n\n正しくあろうとする means to try or strive to be righteous. It matches the construction\n`[V volitional form]-とする`, which is usually translated as “try to V”.\n\nSo, what the speaker refuses is, literally, something like striving to be\nrighteous without getting even their hands dirty. The official translation\nconveys the “dirty” part but from the opposite angle because 汚す is used in a\nnegative form anyways. The “righteous” part seems to be missing, indeed. It\nmight have added the adverb “righteously,” although I don’t know how natural\nthat would sound in English.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T04:00:34.117", "id": "93821", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T04:00:34.117", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93819", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "First, they are not of the same language level, とても is polite, なかなか is casual.\n\nとても is \"very\".\n\nなかなか is \"very\" with the nuance of \"not bad\".\n\nIf you say とても美味しい to someone who cooked something, they're pleased. If you\nsay なかなか美味しい, they'll be mad because it'll be taken as if you're looking down\non them - \"Not too bad for somebody like you\" kinda thing.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T13:38:13.523", "id": "93826", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T11:19:39.423", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-25T11:19:39.423", "last_editor_user_id": "30123", "owner_user_id": "1065", "parent_id": "93823", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 }, { "body": "As a native Japanese speaker I think it's weird \"とても\" and \"なかなか\" seem to be\nthe same in English.\n\nThat's because \"とても\" suggestion a different degree (either higher or lower)\nthan what I expected and also \"なかなか\" sounds more or less equal to what I\nexpected.\n\nWhen the amount or value compared with what you expected is high, you should\nuse \"とても\" but when the amount or value almost equals or is a little more or\nless than what you expected, you should use \"なかなか\".\n\nI think like this. This explanation is based on my life in Japan for more than\n35 years.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T14:04:50.413", "id": "93828", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T16:26:50.883", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-24T16:26:50.883", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": null, "parent_id": "93823", "post_type": "answer", "score": 12 }, { "body": "As a supplement to the existing answers, I would say なかなか would be closer to\nthe English words 'pretty', 'rather', or 'quite' than 'very' which とても\nmatches.\n\nI have an example that may make this difference clearer, though it may be an\nodd example; in the forging minigame in Dragon Quest XI, a well-made item can\nturn out ちょっといい which is +1, なかなかいい which is +2, or とてもいい which is +3.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-24T23:52:26.947", "id": "93832", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T23:52:26.947", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "93823", "post_type": "answer", "score": 12 } ]

[ { "body": "した上で isn't the same as したら.\n\nNot sure I'm finding the right words but it implies sequential actions that\nyou plan on doing.\n\n> オンラインでの手続きを可能にするとしたら\n\nWould be \"If we make the application submittable online...\"\n\nwhile\n\n> オンラインでの手続きを可能にするとしたうえで\n\nis rather \"We're gonna make the application submittable online and **on top of\nthat**...\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T11:26:14.500", "id": "93837", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T11:26:14.500", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1065", "parent_id": "93831", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I think it's `一` \"one; certain\" followed by `話部` \"speech (fragment); a part of\nspoken sentence; phrase\". 話部 is a rare word, but I don't think there is a\nmeaning more profound than what the kanji suggest. This 一話部をになっている should mean\nどうも functions as a part of a longer sentence (rather than functioning as a\nsingle-word sentence like \"Hello!\" or \"Thanks!\").", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T02:26:33.360", "id": "93834", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T02:26:33.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93833", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I am interpreting this as a translation request, so I'll translate these\nsentences based on context.\n\n 1. 「人事を尽くして天命を待つ……なんて言うけど、掛かってるのはみんなの命だ。それじゃダメなのはわかってるけど……。」⇒ \"I'll do the best I can and wait for destiny... or so I say, but it's everyone's lives that are on the line. I know that's no good, but...\"\n\n「人事を尽くす」roughly means \"do everything in my power.\" Since 「して」follows this\nphrase, it means to do what I (or we) can to wait for destiny\n(天命)。「掛かっている」means \"on the line\".\n\n 2. 「……俺のミスで人が死ぬっていきなり言われても……こんなの、どうしろっていうんだよ」⇒ \"If someone suddenly told me that people would die because of my mistakes, I wouldn't know what I should do about that.\"\n\nI'll need more context to clarify some parts, but it sounds like a lot of\ndoubts on the MC's part.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-05T21:29:10.037", "id": "94016", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-05T21:29:10.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "93835", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Most of Japanese people wonder the same thing but seems no one knows the\nanswer. But I found this [blog](https://whitebear0930.net/archives/18986) most\nplausible. It says 昨 means just one previous time (like last month or last\nyear) and 先 means even before than 昨 (like a few days ago: 先日).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T15:32:09.670", "id": "93848", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T15:32:09.670", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50916", "parent_id": "93836", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In my experience living in Japan, stroke order has only been important when it\ncame to online dictionaries that let you search by 'stroke' - so, if you don't\nknow what a word means - you can look it up by stroke order.\n\nI also heard many Japanese people forget _some_ kanji because they rely on\nelectronic devices when answering things, and my teacher once told me that\npeople can sometimes tell if you write kanji in the wrong order.\n\nI haven't actually practiced writing Kanji in a long time, however, as I think\npursuing speaking/reading fluency trumps writing fluency at the moment. But in\nthe end, you do want to write properly if people can tell you wrote something\nwrong.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T14:11:43.187", "id": "93843", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T14:11:43.187", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42117", "parent_id": "93839", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Well, it's same for Japanese children. For some reason when we start learning\nthe basic, easy kanji, teachers stress the right stroke order; but when you\nstart learning more difficult kanji they care less. Honestly, stroke order\nisn't that important unless you are learning _shodo_ (書道) as people can tell\nif it's written in the right stroke order or not, or taking the Kanji Aptitude\nTest (漢字検定).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T14:14:49.753", "id": "93844", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T14:46:04.190", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-25T14:46:04.190", "last_editor_user_id": "3097", "owner_user_id": "50916", "parent_id": "93839", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "The stroke order matters mostly in relation to handwriting. Although writing\nmay be not the most prevalent way over typing nowadays, recent rise of touch\ndevices allows people to easily input characters by handwriting again. It lets\nyou look up kanji you don't know whose reading; and to my experience, those\nrecognition engines are trained with people's normal stroke order, while would\nbe less accurate when written in untypical order.\n\nThe importance of stroke order in the discussion of handwriting is more like\nthat of the common sense. People may say the order is not that strict (and\nit's not always unique actually), but for example you don't write capital A\nfrom its horizontal bar. Since the previously written strokes rein in the\nlayout of following strokes, character produced in unusual order may look\nunnatural aside from good or bad. Thankfully [learning the stroke order is\nrule-based](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/kanji-stroke-order/) rather than\nmemorizing the same number of definitions as kanji.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-26T11:28:35.423", "id": "93856", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-26T11:28:35.423", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "93839", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Since kanji shapes are heavily based on calligraphy, the stroke order and the\nsubtle nuances of strokes (like _hane_ , _harai_ ) are generally considered\nmore important than the stroke order of Latin characters. All Japanese\nchildren [learn calligraphy (書道) at elementary school](https://web-\njapan.org/kidsweb/cool/13-08/index.html) for dozens of hours, and are taught\nto pay attention to stroke order and stroke nuances even when they are writing\nwith a pencil or a ball-point pen. [Special\nfonts](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52583/5010) similar to calligraphy\nare used in elementary school textbooks.\n\nNot all Japanese adults can write beautiful kanji themselves, but basically\nall adults can intuitively notice dirty kanji whose strokes are written in\nrandom order with their endings pointing to random directions. You don't have\nto worry about too many details, but I recommend you remember the correct\norder of most common components including 田, 山, 見, 糸, 本 and so on.\n\nOf course, if you do not plan to write handwritten Japanese at all, you can\nput off learning those things and rely on computers. It depends on your\npurpose of learning Japanese.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-27T02:53:27.750", "id": "93861", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-27T02:53:27.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93839", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I'm still studying Japanese and live in Japan, so please take my words with a\ngrain of salt when compared to an actual fluent speaker.\n\nI think that なん in this case is used to emphasize the previous word: \"そう\". So\nwithout なん the sentence would be: そうです which has the feeling of the meaning-\n\"that's right...\" or \"oh, yeah...( it's true that...)\". Again, sorry if I\ncan't actually encapsulate the meaning.\n\nSo, if I were to hazard a guess - it would just be that: \"That's\n_**right**_..\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T13:54:05.890", "id": "93841", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T13:54:05.890", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42117", "parent_id": "93840", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "こと itself doesn't have meaning in here. It makes verbs into noun. For example,\n本を読むことが何よりも大好きだ means I love reading books more than anything. So こと makes the\nverb 本を読む(read books) into noun \"reading books\". I hope it makes sense.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-25T15:19:49.377", "id": "93847", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-25T15:19:49.377", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50916", "parent_id": "93846", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Sorry but it's gramatically incorrect in Japanese (many of Japanese people use\nit though). なります here doesn't have specific meaning. 今晩の晩ご飯は何人になりますか。means\n\"how many people are coming to tonight's dinner?\". Verb なる itself has meaning\nof become. But somehow we misuse it when we normally use it at polite. Common\nmistake is 千円になります instead of 千円でございます (this product costs ¥1000) when shop\nstaff tells customer the price of product. 千円になります literally sounds something\nbecomes ¥1000.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-26T01:29:41.743", "id": "93853", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-26T01:29:41.743", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50916", "parent_id": "93850", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It seems some words are being ommitted, so I'm not even sure what exactly\nmeans in Japanese. But I assume, \"There is many difficulties in life, and you\nhave to deal with it but try not to defeat\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-26T01:37:56.760", "id": "93854", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-26T01:37:56.760", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50916", "parent_id": "93852", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 }, { "body": "> 世の中は **いっぱい いっぱい せいいっぱい**\n\nseems to be trying to make a rhyme here. So, it may mean more of a figurative\nmanner and 'Life is one hurdle after another' sounds a good translation as an\naphorism in my first impression when you encounter a lot of difficulties with\na **full** energy.\n\n * いっぱい literally means 'full'.\n * いっぱいいっぱい is a set phrase and normally used to beyond one's control when one has too many things to deal with.\n * せいいっぱい literally means \"Full energy\".\n * へこたれる means gives up, so へこたれんなよ means \"don't give up\" or something like that.\n\nThere is a space in lyrics, so it does not explicitly say \"いっぱいいっぱい” in a\ncomplainant sense and it implies a flavor of the set phrase.\n\nTherefore, it probably implies something like \"there are so many things to\nwork on with your full energy to your limit\" and \"Never give up\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-27T02:21:23.387", "id": "93860", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-27T02:24:26.627", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-27T02:24:26.627", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "93852", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> 予定を確認すると、次の週末なら二人とも空いていたので、急いで温泉旅館を予約しました。\n\n> → When we(or I) check the schedule, the next weekend is empty for two of us,\n> so we hurriedly made a reservation for onsen ryokan(hot spring hotel).\n\nThe meaning of「なら」in this sentence is to emphasize that\n\n 1. if it becomes next week, then both of us are empty with our schedules.\n\n 2. it it becomes other than next week, then nothing is sure. (Maybe we can adjust the schedule to each other, but it can be difficult.)\n\nIf I search for the usage of[「なら」](https://blognihongo.com/n4/grammar_nara/),\nthere are much more details to be distinguished with its respective usage in\nJapanese. (Imagine when you explain someone the word 'if' in English.)\n\nSo the explanation of 「なら」that I've shown above can only go for the sentence\nyou've posed on the question.\n\nHowever if I try to generalize the meaning of 「なら」, I may interpret it as\nfollows.\n\n> <~~~なら＞ → <If something is ~~~>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T08:12:30.533", "id": "93877", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T16:46:42.323", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T16:46:42.323", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93862", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Your guess is correct. 酸類 explicitly refers to all kinds of acids. As\njisho.org says, 類 is a suffix: <https://jisho.org/word/%E9%A1%9E>\n\nThere are several similar suffixes including -類, -属, -系 and -群, variously\ntranslated like \"X series\", \"X group\", \"X family\", \"category X\", \"X-oids\" and\nso on and on. They are used differently according to the conventions of each\nfield, and I don't think there is a large essential difference.\n\nIn particular, 類 is common in the context of biological classification. See:\n[類 in animal and plant names](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18549/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T00:31:41.170", "id": "93872", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T00:38:35.010", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T00:38:35.010", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93863", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It means \"You seemed to be having a lot of fun!\" or \"You seemed to be having a\nlot of fun, huh?\". As sentence-end particles, な and ね mildly seek agreement\nlike \"huh?\" in English, but that does not mean it's a true question that\nexpects an answer.\n\nDepending on the context, this statement may be a sarcastic remark, in which\ncase your second translation may work, too. But it's an \"implication\" at most\nrather than a literal translation.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T00:21:33.237", "id": "93871", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-29T00:12:55.370", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-29T00:12:55.370", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93864", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "* if this is a correct explanation of あばば in the 『非色』 excerpt too;\n\nYes, it is. To me, it is kind of oldish to call it あばば, it is now commonly\nreferred to as いないいないばあ. Not only is it said, but it is _done_. See [the video\nof this page](https://www2.shimajiro.co.jp/happy085/fureai/haihai.html), for\nexample. Basically you cup and disclose your face to attract the attention of\nchild.\n\n * if there is any particular reason あばば was emphasised; and\n\nI think it is more for clarifying that あばば is a single word than emphasizing.\nThe same usage explained in [this chiebukuro\nanswer](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12172024727).\n\n> 仮名で書かれているので読みにくいために、＜一つのことば＞として区別できるようにしています。\n\n * how exactly the verb してみせる functions in this context.\n\nしてみせる literally means _do and show_. あばば here is considered as a movement\nrather than the phrase itself, so the sentence is saying _I did (and showed)\nthe movement of あばば to Mary_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-27T23:13:48.777", "id": "93870", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-27T23:13:48.777", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93865", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "> どうすれば電話で必要なこと **を** きちんと伝えることができるか \n> What should we do to make sure we properly communicate the necessary things\n> over the phone? (loose translation)\n\n_Note the お - > を typo you had._\n\nRegarding どうすれば I can do no better than point you to [this\nlink](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44141/understanding-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89).\nIt uses どうしたら but the meaning is the same. An in-place translation of どうすれば\nmight be \"by means of doing what ...\", but there is no natural direct\ntranslation.\n\nRegarding the two ことs, the first one means 'things'. 必要なこと = \"things which are\nneeded\". The second こと is part of the usual pattern \"verb + ことができる\" which\nmeans \"to be able to do verb\".\n\nA word-for-word translation might be something like \"by means of doing what\n(どうすれば), by means of phone (電話で), necessary things (必要なこと) properly (きちんと) can\nwe communicate (伝えることができるか)\". Which roughly becomes my initial loose\ntranslation.\n\nI should also note that using か to indicate a question after the plain form of\na verb is a little rough. I wonder where this sentence came from?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-27T16:39:08.620", "id": "93869", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-27T16:39:08.620", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "93868", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "繰り返して comes from 繰り返す. It is being used a lot in Japanese as you use the word\n'repeat' a lot in English.\n\n'~~~繰り返してきた' can be interpreted as \"We have been repeatedly gone through ~~~.\"\n\n<verb+て> words can never be put in dictionaries by itself. I've just searched\nfor some related Japanese texts in Google whether there are some exceptions,\nbut I couldn't find one. (Comments are welcomed if there are any exception for\nthem).\n\nHowever, some phrases like ＜～て＋いく＞、＜～て＋くる＞ can be introduced as independent\nexpressions or idioms in Japanese.\n\nExplaining the usage of '~てform' (て形 in Japanese) would need a small book to\ncover all of them. (Imagine you are explaining someone the usage of 'which',\n'that', 'who', 'where' in English)\n\nSo I recommend you to be just be familiar with the language itself first, then\nstudy deeper more about the theoretical things.\n\nHowever, you will be surprised someday that even Japanese don't know much\nabout the theories of Japanese by themselves. So please just to be familiar\nwith the language itself. Good luck!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T07:43:24.960", "id": "93876", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T08:14:07.113", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T08:14:07.113", "last_editor_user_id": "50935", "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93873", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "繰り返して is nothing but the て-form of 繰り返す. I find it a bit odd that it is listed\nas if it is a standalone adverb in your dictionary. 繰り返し, with a ます-stem\nending, seems more qualified as one. In comparison, 繰り返して is clearly a verb\nand, being transitive, sounds much more natural when it is used with a direct\nobject than otherwise.\n\nBoth your examples do have a direct object, as indicated with brackets below.\n\n> われわれは［数知れない失敗を］繰り返してきた\n\n> ［これを］繰り返していけば…\n\nIf 繰り返して were an adverb, the sentences would be grammatical without it, but\nthat doesn’t seem to be the case.\n\n> x われわれは数知れない失敗をきた\n\n> ? これをいけば…", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T14:42:21.430", "id": "93883", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T14:42:21.430", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93873", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Your sentence can be rewrote as the following.\n\n> 明日、数学を勉強して、数学を教えるつもりです。 \n> (Tomorrow, after studying math, I will teach math.)\n\nIt seems that the main purpose of your question is to ask the meaning and\nusage of だが and だけど, but the sentence you've shown is irrelevant to those\ngrammar terms.\n\nAnyway, I can explain about だが and だけど.\n\nだが and だけど are both conjunctions. There are no big differences between the\nusage of them.\n\n> 明日、数学を勉強するつもりだが、数学を教える時間はなさそう。 \n> (Tomorrow, I will study math, but I don't have time to teach math.)\n\n> 明日、数学を勉強するつもりだけど、数学を教える時間はなさそう。 \n> (Tomorrow, I will study math, but I don't have time to teach math.)\n\nBoth sentences can be regarded as expressing the same meaning. However,\n「だが」sounds much heavier then [だけど]. I would expect to hear だが in daily lives\nonly when I hear some speech from politicians' press briefings, and when some\nold boss give some speeches to their young employees.\n\nAlso please note that だが and だけど are both non-honorific languages, which are\nan important part in Japanese.\n\nThe honorific version of them would be だが → ですが and だけど → ですけど. When you speak\nJapanese in your daily lives you will need to be speak with honorific\nlanguages for the most of time.\n\nIn the same manner, ですが and ですけど can also be regarded as the same meaning.\nHowever, if I search for other people's opinions with [this\nlink](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11116156371),\nthey say that だけど＆ですけど are informal than だが＆ですが and I can agree with them.\n\nSo if you are working in a company and having some speech and conference that\nneeds to be formal and polite, you are recommended to choose だが＆ですが over\nだけど＆ですけど.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T07:22:57.583", "id": "93875", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T07:34:08.650", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T07:34:08.650", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93874", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> 「70億人の頭の上に風船を」↔ 'Balloons above 7 billion people'\n\nThe vocabulary 'balloon' makes the sentence quite poetic. It seems that the\nsentence intentionally omitted some verb to make the sentence looking even\nmore lyrical.\n\nJapanese people conventionally use the phrase 「頭の上」(above head) as the meaning\n'above'(direction) to distinguish it from just 「上」, which can be interpreted\nas having various meanings. (Rank, above your chest, upon some condition,\netc.)\n\nIf I make the number crazily larger and omit 'wo', then the sentence looks\nlike the following.\n\n> 「千億人の頭の上に風船」↔ 'Balloons above 100 billion people'\n\nNow the sentence, in my opinion, becomes much less poetic. Also due to the\nunrealistic number and absence of a poetic element of the sentence, the\natmosphere the sentence gives me is quite dystopian.\n\nAs regards your question about the 'condition', I don't get it how can a\nsentence of [70億人の頭の上に風船を」can imply 'If~~~' as its meaning. To imply\n'could~~~' or 'if~~~' in a Japanese sentence, some words like\n「もし」,「かもしれない」should be included. Maybe there was some confusion on your part\nwhile communicating to each other.\n\n**Edit:** After knowing the context(context like 「頭の上に風船をつけて」), now I may\nchange my opinion on the sentence.\n\n> 「70億人の頭の上に風船を」↔ 'A balloon upon each of 7 billion people's head'\n\nThis sentence is intentionally omitting the verb 「つける」, which could have been\ndirectly meaning 'attaching a balloon to each of people's head'. However to\nmake the sentence more poetic, it omitted the verb and it is allowed in a\nJapanese sentence for those who know the context.\n\nIn this case, considering the context,「頭の上」attains its meaning as not just\n'above'(direction) but 'upon head'. Since it is implying its intention to\nattach something(which is a balloon) on the head.\n\nThis is a title of a song which should be lyrical, and people who enjoys the\nsong should already have been knowing the context.\n\nSo even though the word 「つけたら」('If someone attach something on something') has\nbeen omitted, it is fair enough to translate the sentence as \"If I Could Put\nBalloons on 7 Billion People's Heads\". It is because when we translate a\nlanguage to another language just literally, without considering its context,\nwe see often that the translation ruins the atmosphere of the original\nsentence.\n\nIf I were a fan of the song who wanted to translate it\n\n> 'A balloon upon each of 7 billion people's head'\n\nvs\n\n> 'If I could put balloons on 7 billion people's heads'\n\neven I would choose the latter one since it is conveying the intention of the\nsentence more rightly. In many cases of translation, such as when we make some\nsubtitles of movies or animes, we observe a lot that those subtitles choose to\nconvey the atmosphere of the sentence rather than just translating it\nliterally.\n\nThe translation you've posed on the question is the case which chose to convey\nthe atmosphere of the sentence than just translating it literally.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T15:09:16.170", "id": "93885", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-29T07:04:09.293", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-29T07:04:09.293", "last_editor_user_id": "50935", "owner_user_id": "50935", "parent_id": "93882", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, the part before 覚えて adverbially works on 覚えて. However, you are not\nparsing it right. You should read it this way.\n\n> ［［私の噛む力（だけ）で］［私だって（ことが）］（デンジ君が）わかる］くらいに\n\nFirst of all, the (semantic) subject (agent) of わかる is the listener, not the\nspeaker. だって doesn't mean でも in this context. It's the copula だ followed by\nthe quotative って. Therefore, 私だってわかる should be read as 私だということがわかる.\n\n> Remember my biting force (= how strongly I bite) to the extent that you can\n> tell I'm the one biting only by feeling it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-28T21:39:09.377", "id": "93888", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-28T21:55:33.177", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-28T21:55:33.177", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93884", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Your understanding of the sentence is correct. I'm not sure which part of\nじゃないんだろう you mean specifically though.\n\n「殺し」 means 'killing' as you have pointed out. 「じゃない」, means \"not,\" which I'm\nsure I don't need to tell you. 「ん」 is an abbreviation for 「の」 in this\nsentence. 「だろう」means something like, \"It seems\" or \"I'm sure,\" among other\nthings (take your pick here).\n\n「のだろう」is used here because it is preceded by the nai stem (未然形). According to\n[goo\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86/#jn-171991)\nit means to \"emphasize\" or \"make sure.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-30T05:31:33.413", "id": "93897", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-30T05:31:33.413", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50360", "parent_id": "93889", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There appear to be two questions in your post. :)\n\n# Origin of the word たま (\"jewel; small round thing\")\n\nThis appears in some of the oldest documents written in Japanese, such as the\n[_Nihon Shoki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon_Shoki) of 720. This is\nalso reflected in Okinawan _tama_ (\"jewel; small round thing\"), further\nindicating that this term is likely part of the core Proto-Japonic vocabulary.\n\nJapanese references like [the _Kokugo Daijiten_ ( _KDJ_ ) entry\nhere](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%8E%89%E3%83%BB%E7%8F%A0%E3%83%BB%E7%90%83-2060412)\nsuggest that 玉【たま】 (\"jewel; small round thing\") may be cognate with 魂【たましい】\n(\"soul, spirit\"), possibly from a shared sense of \"precious, mystical\". Any\nfurther derivation is hard to trace, due to the lack of any older textual\nevidence for the term.\n\nLooking outside of Japonic for comparisons, I found that Ainu has a word\n_tama_ meaning \"ball; bead\", as recorded [here on page\n437](https://archive.org/details/ainuenglishjapan00batcuoft/page/436/mode/2up?view=theater)\nin the 1905 edition of John Batchelor's _Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary_.\nHowever, this seems like a borrowing from Japanese into Ainu: Ainu only seems\nto have one other term related to this, _tamane_ (\"to become a ball\"), but\nthat's clearly just noun _tama_ (\"ball\") + verb\n[_ne_](https://archive.org/details/ainuenglishjapan00batcuoft/page/276/mode/2up?view=theater)\n(\"to be, to become\").\n\nLooking to the Asian mainland, I did find Mongolian\n[тана](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0#Mongolian) (\n_tana_ , \"mother of pearl\"). The meaning is roughly in the right general area,\nbut there is that //n// ↔ //m// mismatch with Japonic.\n\nKorean seems to have borrowed the word _tama_ from Japanese, as\n[다마](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%A7%88#Korean) ( _dama_ ,\n\"ball; marble; lightbulb\"). The native Korean term for \"marble; gem, jewel\" is\n[구슬](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%AC#Korean) ( _guseul_ ).\nThis Koreanic phonemic shape clearly has nothing in common with Japonic\n_tama_. Rather, the [_Samguk Sagi_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagi)\nrecords a Goguryeo place name _*kos_ (\"jade; jewel\") and a likely-related\nBaekje place name _*kus_ (\"something precious\"), possibly cognate with\nJapanese [奇【くす】し](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E3%81%97#Japanese)\n(\"mystical, strange, wonderful, precious\") and\n[薬【くすり】](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%96%AC#Japanese) (\"medicine\", from\nthe mystical effect these would have on the body).\n\n# Use of the Chinese character 玉 to spell the native Japanese word たま\n\nWritten Japanese has used multiple kanji to spell _tama_. [The _KDJ_\nentry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%8E%89%E3%83%BB%E7%8F%A0%E3%83%BB%E7%90%83-2060412)\nlists three as the canonical accepted spellings, 玉・珠・球, as does [the\n_Daijisen_\nentry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%8E%89-53197#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89).\n\nLooking at the three 玉・珠・球, we can see that these all share the element 王,\nwhich is actually the older form of 玉 (as explained [here at\nWiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89#Chinese)). These have\nsome semantic (meaning) overlap in Chinese as well:\n\n * [玉](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89#Chinese): \"jade; gem\"\n * [球](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%90%83#Chinese): \"jade; ball\"\n * [珠](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8F%A0#Chinese): \"pearl; bead\"\n\nAll of these refer to \"something precious\", and \"something round\". This\nmatches the core senses underlying usage in Japanese, as you note: _\" a\ncircular object, female entertainer, testicles\"_.\n\nAs for why 玉 came to be used commonly in Japanese for the \"small round thing\"\nsense, I suspect it was a combination of this semantic overlap, combined with\nthe simple fact that 玉 is a simpler character and easier to write than the\nalternatives.\n\n### Update\n\nThe _KDJ_ is pretty good about listing the oldest known citations for each\nindividual sense of a word. That said, their focus is on the meanings more\nthan the spellings, so I'm not sure if their\n[entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%8E%89%E3%83%BB%E7%8F%A0%E3%83%BB%E7%90%83-2060412)\nincludes the oldest known instances of each spelling.\n\nBe that as it may, a quick perusal there shows that the 玉 spelling in their\nquotes first appears from 1566 in reference to \"testicles\":\n\n * [1]③(チ) 男子の生殖器。「きんたま」の略。 \n※全九集（1566頃）五「へのこはれやぶれ黄水いづ、 **玉** もかたくはれ痛み」\n\nThe next-oldest is from 1622 in reference to \"pellet, bullet\":\n\n * [1]③(ロ) (「弾・弾丸」とも書く) (初期のものは丸くなっていたところから) 弾丸。 \n※信長記（1622）三「是は杉谷善住坊といひし鉄炮の上手、〈略〉二つ **玉** (タマ)をもって纔十間ばかりにてうちはづし申事も」\n\nThat said, I've noticed in the past that sometimes the quotes in the _KDJ_ use\nnormalized or simplified spellings, where the actual source documents used\ndifferent characters. So it's possible that different editions of the source\ndocuments might have used 玉 where the citations in the _KDJ_ entry use just\nhiragana たま.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T08:11:40.630", "id": "93914", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T18:22:12.977", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-31T18:22:12.977", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "93890", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "The man in the video says ありがとう存じます, where\n[存ずる【ぞんずる】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%AD%98%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8B/) is\na humble verb for 考える. You may have heard (～と)存じ上げます, which is more common.\n\nThat said, ありがとう存じます is not something usually said by real modern Japanese\nspeakers (including \"upper class\" speakers). When something more stilted than\nありがとうございます is necessary, people usually say 感謝申し上げます, ありがたく存じます, etc. There is\nusually nothing wrong with the girl saying ありがとうございます in this situation, so I\nfeel this scene is meant to emphasize the weirdness of 貴族言葉 in this world.\n\n( **EDIT** : Looks like there are several native Japanese speakers who are\nwondering if ありがとう存じます used in this anime is a real phrase. In my opinion, it\nmight have been a valid expression 150 years ago when\n[ウ音便](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24217/5010) as in 悲しゅうありません and\n嬉しゅうて喜ばしゅうて was a norm among upper-class ladies, but it's unnatural at least\nin today's standard Japanese.)\n\nJapanese has no sound that is romanized as \"dzi\", so you can get almost\nnothing related to Japanese by searching with this spelling. What you heard is\njust one of the allophones of じ (\"ji\" in Hepburn romanization, \"zi\" in\nkunrei). See: [\"z\" sound, which to\nchoose?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68584/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-30T00:40:25.520", "id": "93896", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-30T10:52:52.073", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-30T10:52:52.073", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93893", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "As I said in the comment section, you must see the particle before ある/いる. \"ある\nis for inanimate things and いる is for animate things\" is a rule that is\nrelevant when ある/いる is used as an existence verb. This rule has nothing to do\nwith the usage of **で** ある and **で** いる because these constructions do not\nexpress the existence of something/someone in the first place.\n\nBasically ～である is a stilted copula, i.e., a literary version of ～だ. ～でいる is a\ncopula in progressive aspect, i.e., \"to stay/keep X\" in English. See: [What is\nthe difference between でいる and である in this\nexample?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66270/5010) / [What is the\nmeaning/grammar behind noun +\nでいる?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62732/5010)\n\nHere is a very simple summary:\n\n * X **が** いる。 \nThere is X. \n(X is a person, animal, etc.)\n\n * X **が** ある。 \nThere is X. \n(X is an inanimate object.)\n\n * A **は** X **で** ある。 \nA is X. (literary/formal) \n(X is a noun, a na-adjective or a no-adjective)\n\n * A **は** X **で** いる。 \nA stays X. / A keeps being X. \n(X is a noun, a na-adjective or a no-adjective)\n\nAnd simplest examples:\n\n * 猫 **が** いる。 \nThere is a cat. \n(猫 is an animal)\n\n * 本 **が** ある。 \nThere is a book. \n(本 is an inanimate object)\n\n * 私 **は** 学生 **で** ある。 \nI am a student. \n(である is a stilted だ)\n\n * 私 **は** 元気 **で** いる。 \nI am keeping healthy. / I'm doing well.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-30T16:00:18.360", "id": "93902", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-30T16:21:46.303", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-30T16:21:46.303", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93895", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "(大)魔王 is a gender-neutral title, and you can find female 魔王 in Japanese\nfictional works (example\n[1](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E9%AD%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%A7%98%28%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E6%A7%98%E3%81%AF%E3%81%8F%E3%81%98%E3%81%91%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%21%29),\n[2](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E9%AD%94%E7%8E%8B%28%E3%81%BE%E3%81%8A%E3%82%86%E3%81%86%29),\n[3](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E9%AD%94%E7%8E%8B%28%E8%BB%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%29)).\nThus, technically speaking, 大魔王クッパ姫 is perfectly correct. That said, most\nJapanese people recognize Bowser simply as クッパ, and few people remember his\ntitle is 大魔王.\n\nThe first image you posted is a\n[fanart](https://seiga.nicovideo.jp/seiga/im8554041) drawn in the style of\n[Bikkuriman stickers](https://www.pinterest.jp/shuixiv/bikkuriman-stickers/).\n(It's so good that I almost thought it was official!) Many characters in\nBikkuriman had kanji titles, and I think that's why the little-known title,\n大魔王, was intentionally added.\n\nNote that the romaji of 大魔王 is _daimaō_ , not _daimo_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-30T10:16:25.727", "id": "93900", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-30T11:23:30.967", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-30T11:23:30.967", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93898", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Google's translation seems legitimate to me. The basic structure is:\n\n> サービスでは、「X Managed Platform」を採用した運用・保守を行う。\n>\n> In this service, (they) perform operation and maintenance employing X\n> Managed Platform.\n\nAnd \"NTT Com社内の大規模なプロジェクトへの導入も進む\" is a relative clause modifying \"X Managed\nPlatform\".\n\n> NTT Com社内の大規模なプロジェクトへの導入も進む「X Managed Platform」\n>\n> X Managed Platform, which is being introduced into large projects at NTT Com\n\n(If you're unsure about this relative clause, please read\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/92740/5010).)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-30T10:43:30.110", "id": "93901", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-30T10:43:30.110", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93899", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Google Translate did a great job (surprise!). O and V correspond, and so do O2\nand V2.\n\nサービスでは、{[<(NTT Com社内の大規模なプロジェクトへの導入)も進む「X Managed Platform」 O2>を採用した V2]\n運用・保守を O} (行う V)。\n\nThe verb and object are of the sentence are\n\n> 運用・保守を行う\n\nWhat type of 運用・保守?\n\n> 「X Managed Platform」を 採用した運用・保守を行う\n\nWhat is 「X Managed Platform」?\n\n> 大規模なプロジェクトへの導入も進む「X Managed Platform」を 採用した運用・保守を行う\n\nWhich 大規模なプロジェクト?\n\n> NTT Com社内の大規模なプロジェクトへの導入も進む「X Managed Platform」を 採用した運用・保守を行う\n\nWhere do you 運用・保守を行う?\n\n> サービスでは、NTT Com社内の大規模なプロジェクトへの導入も進む「X Managed Platform」を 採用した運用・保守を行う", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T23:10:39.003", "id": "93938", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T23:10:39.003", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50966", "parent_id": "93899", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Partial answer, addressing #2 in the question post. :)\n\n[NihongoDera](https://nihongodera.com/tools/kana-converter) is not the best\nresource for names, which tend to have dedicated kanji readings that don't\nalways match the usual on or kun.\n\nYou might have better luck with the ENAMDICT dictionary (the name-focused side\nof WWWJDIC), such as this mirror at Monash University:\n\n * [http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?2MUJ御行](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?2MUJ%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%8C)\n\nChange the string at the end of the URL to look up a different name, by kanji,\nkana, or romaji. Change the number `2` just after the `?` question mark to `1`\nto look up regular words. Or just use the website UI. :)\n\nName entries tend to have codes added in parentheses to the left of each\nromaji reading. The entry above, with that code highlighted, looks like:\n\n\n\nThe `(u)` here is the code. The [**Dictionary\nCodes**](http://nihongo.monash.edu/wwwjdicinf.html#code_tag) section of the\nhelp page, more specifically the **Names Dictionary Codes** sub-section\n(scroll down a bit -- it's not possible to link to that directly,\nunfortunately), explains what these mean. According to the table there, the\n`u` code stands for \"(as-yet) **u** nclassified\" -- as compared to `s` for\n**s** urnames, or `g` for a **g** iven name that isn't yet classed by gender,\nor `f` for **f** emale given names, or `m` for **m** ale given names, etc.\n\nHappy researching!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T00:35:04.967", "id": "93906", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T19:06:16.760", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-31T19:06:16.760", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "93903", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "みゆき as a masculine name is rare but not totally unheard of.\n\nHere's an example:\n[戸部{とべ}実之{みゆき}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B8%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%9F%E4%B9%8B)\n\nYou are not alone in thinking みゆき sounds very feminine. Apparently it sounds\nfeminine to a lot of native Japanese ears too. [The answerers\nhere](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1068572045)\nseem to unanimously consider みゆき a girl's name.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T02:19:03.970", "id": "93907", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T02:19:03.970", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "93903", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Oh wait a new chapter of Kaguya-sama [Chapter 264](https://kaguyasama-wa-\nkokurasetai.fandom.com/wiki/Chapter_264) was released on May 26, 2022 (last\nmonth and about 2 months after my post).\n\n> I knew something was up!\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MZUAl.jpg)\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MiVMn.jpg)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-06-26T14:17:17.750", "id": "95175", "last_activity_date": "2022-06-26T14:17:17.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10230", "parent_id": "93903", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "If you are asking only about politeness, then John-san would sound politer.\nThe rule is that _san_ takes precedence.\n\nBut in Japan, you won't use first names to call people very often in the first\nplace. _John-san_ does not sound too weird primarily because it is not a\nJapanese name.\n\nNormally, firstname-san would require some kind of relationship between the\nspeaker and the addressed (e.g. wife and husband). And familyname-kun would\nalso require* some relationship, e.g. addressing to someone less senior. So as\na practical advice, you should stay away from both if you are not sure of the\nimplications.\n\n*in case of grownups. Among boys, familyname-kun is quite normal.\n\n* * *\n\nIn case of high school students.\n\nConsider [苗木誠 (Naegi\nMakoto)](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E8%8B%97%E6%9C%A8%E8%AA%A0), [十神白夜 (Togami\nByakuya)](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E5%8D%81%E7%A5%9E%E7%99%BD%E5%A4%9C), [朝日奈葵\n(Asahina Aoi)](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%A5%88%E8%91%B5).\nDisclaimer: LGBT is not considered.\n\nThough most probably how they call each other is simply the author's choice,\nsuppose they are real.\n\nFirst, in case of students of this age*, _family name-san_ would be the norm\nwhen a boy addressing a girl, _family name-kun_ when a girl addressing a boy.\nSo in reality it is quite normal 苗木 (and 十神) call her 朝日奈さん, and 朝日奈 calls\nthem 苗木くん/十神くん. (*what I write here should roughly apply to 10+ years old.)\n\nSecond I guess use of 葵さん is simply because (1) 朝日奈 is a little long and (2)\nあさひなさん is **slightly** hard to pronounce due to the double さ. Use of ちゃん would\nsound that the boy knowing her since childhood. It is possible for a high\nschool boy to use ちゃん if that is how he calls her for a long time, or he is\nparticularly friendly or even possibly tries to make advance on her.\n\nThird, regarding use of くん from 苗木 to 十神, it looks mostly due to the\npersonality of 苗木 (who is described お人好しで心優しい性格の、平和主義な常識人). Apart from the\nsoft personality, use of くん could mean 苗木 feels distance toward 十神. Calling\n白夜君 won't be impossible , but this also kind of suggests knowing him for a\nlong time.\n\nIn reality, boys call each other by family name alone if they are close\nenough. If they talk to each other every day, they would quite probably call\neach other 苗木/十神. If they are in the same class, know each other, but are not\nclose, then 苗木くん/十神くん are likely. Students who speak in a rough way would use\n苗木/十神 even to peers of such a relationship.\n\n* * *\n\nSo these depend on age, relationship, speaker's personality, etc. Another\nfactor is names themselves. I myself once wondered why 夏目漱石/森鴎外/芥川龍之介 are\nreferred to as 漱石/鴎外/芥川, but after all these are just conventions, possibly\ndue to the ease of pronunciations.", "comment_count": 12, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T08:56:20.927", "id": "93916", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T23:29:49.160", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-01T23:29:49.160", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93904", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "These four sentences look equally natural and correct to me. I can feel no\ndifference regarding politeness level. Just in case you missed this, this type\nof たり marks an unlikely occasion, often as a softener. See: [Meaning of\nーたりしない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55396/5010) and [What does\n良いところだったりする mean in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52637/5010)\n\nWhen there are two or more verbs, for example, 歌ったり踊ったりしている is more common and\nnatural than 歌っていたり踊っていたりする, although the latter is not incorrect.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T03:39:47.273", "id": "93908", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T03:39:47.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93905", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "> A-1. 歌を歌ったりしていますか？\n>\n> A-2. 歌を歌っていたりしますか？\n\nA-1 is asking whether the other person spends time singing songs and possibly\ndoing other things. The main point of the question is what the listener does\nas a habit or is currently doing. You could list another activity.\n\n> 歌を歌ったり音楽を聴いたりしていますか？\n\nA-2 has a slightly different implication. It sounds as if it is asking whether\nthe current situation is such that the listener, or someone else, is in the\nmiddle of singing. The main point of the question is what the situation is\nlike. I cannot think of a good scenario in which this question sounds\ncompletely natural. Perhaps it is part of a phone conversation and the speaker\nsuspects from the background noise that the listener is with someone and that\nperson is singing a song.\n\nThe difference is in a way more obvious in the following pair. (I swapped the\norder of the sentences so the correspondence with the first pair would be\nclearer.)\n\n> B-1. あなた、私が盗んだと思ったりしています？\n>\n> B-2. あなた、私が盗んだと思っていたりします？\n\nB-1 sounds a bit unnatural to me. It cannot be asking whether the other person\nis currently having a particular idea or doing other things. In other words,\nwhat the speaker wants to know cannot be what the listener is doing now. Just\nlike B-2, it must be also asking what the current situation is like. If the\npurpose is that, the second construction sounds much more natural. It implies\nthat the speaker suspects the current situation is something unexpected for\nthem.\n\n> あなた、もしかして／ひょっとして私が盗んだと思っていたりします？\n\nIt could be understood as a rhetorical question whose real meaning is\nsomething like this.\n\n> あなた、まさか私が盗んだと思ってないでしょうね。\n\nIt is probably because of this acusatory implication that the native speaker\nyou consulted thought B-2 (the “first” in the original order) was “less\npolite” than B-1 (the “second” in the original order). To me, B-1 simply\nsounds less natural.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T03:59:32.490", "id": "93909", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T04:15:18.873", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-31T04:15:18.873", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93905", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "ちゃう is not a verb -- やっちゃいけないこと is simply a reduction of やってはいけないこと \"Something\nthat must not be done\". Your understanding of やっちゃいけない is not correct, as it\nis not a command in this context at all.\n\nAccordingly the sentence simply translates to:\n\n> やっちゃいけないことをやっちゃった \n> I ended up doing something I wasn't meant to do.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T05:35:35.143", "id": "93911", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T05:35:35.143", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "93910", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "ちゃう is not a verb that can stand on its own, as far as I know, except in some\ndialects as a form of 違う.\n\nAre you familiar with ～てしまう? This form, in this case, means the result was\nundesirable. The 過去形 being った is normal for godan verbs ending in う. It can\ncontract to ちゃう.\n\nSuperficially やっちゃいけない may resemble it somewhat, but this やっちゃ is やっては.\n～ては（駄目・いけない・ならない）is a form meaning 'must not', 'should not', etc. Are you\nfamiliar with this?\n\nAccordingly, the sentence is something like 'I did something I shouldn't\nhave.'", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T05:40:21.343", "id": "93912", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T05:40:21.343", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "93910", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "It's not wrong to say ちゃう is a verb, but it's a pretty misleading statement.\nAlso, ちゃう cannot stand on its own. ちゃう is what is called a 補助動詞 or auxiliary\nverb and attaches to another verb to add a nuance to that verb.\n\nちゃう is in fact a contraction and colloquial form of the 補助動詞 てしまう, and denotes\na regret or disappointment in the action/state the preceding verb represents.\n補助動詞 follows the same conjugation pattern as the (regular) verbs, and both ちゃう\nand てしまう are godan-verbs. Their ta-forms are ちゃった and しまった, respectively.\n\nAs for やる, you have the wrong やる. 遣る is an archaic verb means \"to send a\ndelegate,\" which I assume you expressed as \"to command.\" やる here is the plain\nやる which is pretty much the same as する in meaning: \"to do.\"\n\nTo sum up, your やっちゃった = やる vb. \"do\" + ちゃう aux. vb. _regret_ + た particle\n_past_\n\nBy the way, ちゃ in やっ **ちゃ** いけない is not てしまう. It's a contraction of ては. A more\nformal way to say this would be やってはいけないこと. ってはいけない or ちゃいけない can be broken\ndown even further by a linguist, but I think it's better for you to consider\nthe whole thing as a coupla that means \"must not\" (prohibition). So やっちゃいけないこと\n= やる vb. \"do\" + っちゃいけない coupla \"must not\" + こと \"thing\"\n\nThis gives you a word-by-word translation of: \"[I] regrettably did a/the thing\nI must not have done.\"\n\nOn a side note, やっちゃった！ is an utterance you can say on the spot when you screw\nup something (e.g., drop a glass). It's very close to \"I did it!!!\" in\nEnglish.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T22:55:21.247", "id": "93936", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T22:55:21.247", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50966", "parent_id": "93910", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "One way to understand is to think the subject of 消えて is ピーマンぽさ, and that of\n助かる is the speaker. So literally the sentence means _I am saved by the hotness\nadded (to the food) and the pepper-ishness disappearing._", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-03-31T13:13:17.337", "id": "93918", "last_activity_date": "2022-03-31T21:53:31.483", "last_edit_date": "2022-03-31T21:53:31.483", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93917", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "「日本語の」is describing what type of book it is. The only noun is 「本」, so\n「今使っている」modifies the only noun in the sentence, 「本」。", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-04T22:16:56.577", "id": "93992", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-04T22:16:56.577", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50991", "parent_id": "93921", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "A relative clause modifies a noun phrase. In this case there is a _potential_\nambiguity as it could modify the noun phrase 日本語 or it could modify the noun\nphrase 日本語の本. The ambiguity is resolved pragmatically, that is by\nunderstanding the context.\n\nWhile it would be grammatically possible to parse this as 今[使っている日本語の]本 that\nis odd to the point of being meaningless. Therefore the understood meaning is\n今使っている[日本語の本].\n\nA similar ambiguity can exist in English and many other languages: You can say\n\"A book about Japanese that I'm using\". Pragmatically you understand that you\nare using the book, and the book is about Japanese. You don't interpret this\nas being a book about \"the Japanese that I'm using\". since that is\nnonsensical. Sometimes the placement of a modfier creates ambiguity that\nresults in a ludicrous sentence (see \"misplaced modifier). Normally, you have\nno difficulty parsing the sentence correctly", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-02T16:37:08.977", "id": "96085", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-02T16:37:08.977", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11299", "parent_id": "93921", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "The meaning of \"madamada\" in this context is \"I'm not tired yet\" or \"I can\nstill keep (fighting)\".\n\nIf the following text is not \"俺にやっつけられたいヤツは、かかってくるのだ！\" but something like\n\"出直してこい(come back again)\", \"madamada\" will mean \"You're still have a long way\nto go before you can beat me\", but in this case, from this following text \"\n俺にやっつけられたいヤツは、かかってくるのだ！\", he wants to keep fighting, so that \"I'm not tired\nyet\" or \"I can still keep (fighting)\" is much more suitable.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T02:21:30.910", "id": "93923", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T02:31:09.910", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-01T02:31:09.910", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "50906", "parent_id": "93922", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I don’t think it’s correct to say ６月 in that sentence doesn’t take に because\nit is the subject.\n\nAs you suggest, ６月 is clearly not the subject In the following modified\nsentence but it still doesn’t go well with に. (That’s if a sentence can\ncontain only one subject.)\n\n> ６月は気温が涼しい。\n\nI don’t think it is even necessary to go into that discussion of whether ６月 is\nthe subject or not. It doesn’t take に because the sentence has no verb. When a\ntime expression is marked with に, it indicates that some event happens at a\nspecific time. And the idea of some event happening is usually expressed with\na verb. A nominal predicate makes the sentence sound incomplete as we\ndiscussed [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/93521/43676). An\nadjectival predicate makes it even worse, if not outright incorrect.\n\n> x ６月に涼しい。\n\nOn the other hand, the following sentence is perfectly fine.\n\n> ６月に（は）涼しく **なる** 。\n\nHere, the verb なる indicates that something (a change) happens at the time\nmarked with に.\n\nWhen に is used with an adjectival predicate, it usually carries the same\nmeaning as に対して.\n\n> 環境にやさしい。\n\nIt obviously doesn’t mark a time expression like ６月 in this case.\n\nThis doesn't directly answer your question but I think whether ６月 is the\nsubject or not is moot here.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T09:12:08.807", "id": "93928", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T09:12:08.807", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93924", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I can't find a duplicate, so I'm going to do a quick breakdown for you.\n\n * いただく is the humble version of もらう\n\nいただく → potential form いただける → past いただけた\n\nIn general (with exceptions), verb te-form + もらう/いただく tells you two things: 1.\nthe action represented by the verb is done by the listener, as opposed to the\nspeaker; 2. it's humbly considered/described by the speaker as a favor granted\nby the listener.\n\n * でしょうか\n\nでしょうか is a very polite and softened way to ask questions. It follows a variety\nof sentence structures.\n\n> 課長 、明日の会議の企画書、見ていただけたでしょうか。\n\nthus means:\n\n> 課長 (maybe like manager), have you seen the proposal for tomorrow's meeting\n> (the proposal that will be presented/discussed in tomorrow's meeting)?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T06:19:10.430", "id": "93926", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T08:06:33.793", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-01T08:06:33.793", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "93925", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It is called しんにょう or しんにゅう. It means something to do with roads/ways/walking.\n(Your examples mean _reach/return/far/fast_ respectively).\n\nThe modern norm is one dot at the first (top left) stroke (= total three\nstrokes), but it used to be two dots like the following picture; and today non\nregular kanjis (outside 常用漢字) has still two dots. See the references below for\ndetails.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9fxdV.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/clNyI.png)\n\n**References**\n\n * [Wikipedia/繞#しんにょう](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%9E#%E3%81%97%E3%82%93%E3%81%AB%E3%82%87%E3%81%86)\n * [「つじ」の「しんにょう」は１点？ ２点？](https://mainichi-kotoba.jp/blog-20171223)\n * [第228回 越後と「辶」（しんにょう）](https://dictionary.sanseido-publ.co.jp/column/kanji_genzai228)\n * [部首：しんにょう・しんにゅう（辵 辶）の漢字（画数順）](https://kanji.jitenon.jp/cat/bushu03015.html)", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T09:33:03.967", "id": "93929", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T22:36:36.820", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-01T22:36:36.820", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93927", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> (1) what does the なった means here?\n\n気分 is \"feeling, mood\". According to the provided context そんな気分 is just\npointing to the feeling stated in the first sentence (my attempted translation\nmight not be accurate):\n\n> 起きたら忘れてしまていて、でも何か... 欠けている\n>\n> I forgot it after waking up, but something is missing\n\nTherefore, そんな気分 would be \"The feeling of finding that something is missing\".\n\nI think you are correct than なった is the past verb to mean \"became\", and the\nconstruction here is **A + に + なる** (where A is a noun or a na-adjective)\nwhich means \"to become A\" :\n\n> 寒くなった\n>\n> I got cold.\n\n> きれいになった [She] became beautiful.\n\nIn your sentence, I understand it as though the speaker didn't have this\nfeeling initially, but at some point he got it.\n\n> ~のは as ending, how does it work/what nuance does it give to the sentence?\n\nI don't think that のは is meant to be a sentence ending construction. Note that\nit is not the case that your sentence ends in a period:\n\n> のは。\n\nBut instead, if we look at the context, it is followed by the ellipsis \"...\",\nand after that by a \"たぶん...\":\n\n> そんな気分になったのは **...** 、たぶん **...** [something implied or deferred as an\n> ending]\n\nwhich suggests that grammatically it should have an ending. the の is\nnominalizing the predicate そん気分になった (please take a look to [this\nQ&A](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1347/32952) for more info on\nnominalizing sentences with の) and the は is making the nominalized predicate\nthe topic of the _incomplete_ sentence:\n\n> そんな気分になったのは... [something missing]\n>\n> Getting this feeling... [something missing]\n\nThere is a grammar construction **Aのは、Bからです** meaning \"the reason for A is B\":\n\n> 寒くなった **のは** 窓が開いている **から** です\n>\n> The reason it has become cold is that the window is open.\n\nNote that in this construction, the reason A is being emphasized by the use of\nのは, so it sounds stronger than just:\n\n> 窓が開いている **から** 寒くなった.\n\nThis is the grammar I guess is being used in your sentence. Maybe I am wrong\nand のは is just emphazising the sentence as a subject without being linked to\nthe reasons for it.\n\nAll in all, my guess is that leaving そんな気分になったのは **...** 、たぶん **...** as an\nincomplete sentence is a narrative tool, and that what comes after the\nsentence is the exposition of the events or the facts that explain why the\nspeaker had such a feeling.\n\nSomehow, if this was a movie or an anime, it would be the equivalent to a\nnarrator voice explaining something, and then changing the focus to a scene, a\ndialog or a flashback where the narrator shuts up and the characters start\ninteracting. So all in all, I would understand it as:\n\n> そんな気分になったのは... たぶん... [Events shown directly in the story]\n>\n> The reason why I got that feeling is, maybe... [Events shown directly in the\n> story]", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T14:06:12.267", "id": "93933", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-01T14:13:18.220", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-01T14:13:18.220", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "32952", "parent_id": "93930", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "のは does not end the sentence, but the dot means some pause in the character's\nnarration. The full sentence continues そんな気分になったのは...たぶん...あの時から.\n\nIt is a cleft sentence, you can [search on this\nSE](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/search?q=cleft%20) for other examples.\nRoughly AのはB（である/です) corresponds to _It is B that A_. E.g. コロナが始まった **のは**\n2020年からだ = **It is** since 2020 **that** the covid-19 started.\n\nSo the sentence translates as _It is ... maybe ... since then that I felt that\nway_.\n\nそんな気分 is, as explained well in jamanso7's answer, the mood described by the\npreceding sentence. Xな気分になる generally means _to get the mood X_ , or _to\nbecome X (e.g. sad)_ , or _to come to state of mind X_. Here in particular, it\nis closer to _got such a feeling_ or _started to feel that way_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T23:24:03.483", "id": "93939", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-02T04:22:25.967", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-02T04:22:25.967", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93930", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I suspect that your difficulty may come from confusion with に導入される =\nintroduced to.\n\nHere what exactly is the subject of 導入される is a bit hard to tell, but it should\nbe the whole situation described in the previous sentence: switch to the\nprivate sector.\n\nThe phrase parses as ((飲料水などに使う) 上水道で)導入される = introduced in water supply used\nfor drinking water etc. The に is _for_ , the で is _in/at (location)_.\n\nIn this case で can be replaced by に (上水道に), but possibly で was used so that に\ndoes not appear too often. As an example, うちの会社 **で** 新システムが導入された = うちの会社\n**に** 新システムが導入された: _A new system was introduced in/to our company_.\n\nNote 上水道 is the system of water supply, used in contrast to 下水道 = sewerage. So\nthe first sentence says the water-related infrastructure in Miyagi Pref. is\nrun by a private company, replacing the local government. And the next\nsentence means, in particular, it is the first case where 上水道 is run by a\nprivate company (= Sewerage is managed by private sector in some other\nprefectures).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T12:55:09.737", "id": "93932", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-02T00:22:19.647", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-02T00:22:19.647", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93931", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Literally 妥協する is _to compromise_ , where two parties have something in\nconflict. The conflict is substantial, there must be real negotiations\ngenerally. すり合わせる is more _to adjust_ , where it has do with things being\ndifferent.\n\nAs nouns, 妥協 is more about the fact of settling on something lesser. すり合わせ is\nmore the negotiation itself.\n\nSo sometimes, the result of すり合わせ may be called 妥協, but generally 妥協 sounds\nmore like one party (or both) really abandoning a part of its requirements\nwhile すり合わせ can be a simple adjustment.\n\n* * *\n\nFor example, 予定をすり合わせる means to adjust each other's schedule. In most cases, I\nsuppose people can do this without too much sacrificing. Note 予定をすり合わせる can be\nused also when there are no plans yet. In this case there is absolutely no\nsacrifice.\n\nOn the other hand, 予定を妥協する does not generally sound very natural. But if it is\nabout a negotiation of purchase of some goods at enterprise level, 入荷予定を妥協する\ncan sound natural, meaning (e.g.) the receiver accepts the goods being\ndelivered later than expected.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-01T22:34:43.067", "id": "93935", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-02T07:27:21.617", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-02T07:27:21.617", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93934", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "If you just look at that line, it's hard to make sense of it without context,\nand it's understandable why you are at a loss. Let's put it back into context.\n\n> 男：その．．．．．．いろいろ理由つけてメイティングしないし、無茶な研究始めるし \n> Male: Um... I've been using various reasons to not mate, and also started\n> some crazy research.\n\n> 男：周防さんの立場からしたら俺にたくさん子供作ってもらわないと困るはずなのに．．． \n> Male: From your (Suou) point of view, I think you should be unhappy if I\n> don't produce a lot of kids for you.\n\n> 男：．．．なのに俺が特効薬作るって言ったら色々手伝ってくれますし．．．何だか悪いなって思ってて \n> Male: ... but after I said I wanted to make a special medicine, you've been\n> helping me... I've been feeling kinda bad (about it)\n\n> 女：って、すみません．．．っ 悪いと思うなら協力しろって話ですよね \n> Female: Well... If you feel bad, I'm going to say \"cooperate with me/give\n> me your help.\"\n\n> 男：分かってはいるんですけど．．．その．．．どうしても．．． \n> Male: I actually do understand that (you need me to help you)... but,\n> well... I just...\n\nSo I gave rough translations of every line. As you can see, 悪いと思うなら is talking\nabout the listener, namely the guy: if (you) feel bad (about that). And\n協力しろって話ですよね is about what the speaker wants to say to him: (you know) I'm\ngoing to say/I'd like to say to you: come help me!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-02T08:00:21.920", "id": "93942", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-02T08:00:21.920", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "93941", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "話 can mean what would be a great variety of words in English, all derived from\nits core meaning \"story.\"\n\n[大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%A9%B1/)\n\nYour 話 here is the definition #7. I would translate it as: \"If I feel sorry, I\nshould be helping you. That's the **deal** , right?\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-02T15:11:36.893", "id": "93945", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-02T15:11:36.893", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50966", "parent_id": "93941", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "It is like saying:\n\n> You would be like, “if you are feeling bad, then cooperate with me,” right?\n\nThe imperative 協力しろ is directed from the girl to the guy, but only in what the\nguy thinks is a natural reaction from the girl to what he has just said. She\ndidn’t actually say it.\n\n話 basically means the same as こと. It is used in the same way as in the\nsentence in this [question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21064/43676).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-02T16:02:18.237", "id": "93949", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-02T16:09:30.860", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-02T16:09:30.860", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93941", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Every verb that has the /e/ vowel sound immediately before ます in its ます-form\nis an _ichidan_ (or Group-II) verb, and every potential verb, with the only\nexception of the irregular できる, meets this condition. できる also happens to be\nan _ichidan_ verb. So, yes, all potential verbs are _ichidan_ verbs.\n\nなる (なります) itself is a _godan_ (or Group-I) verb, but its potential form なれる\n(なれます /nar **e** masu/) is an _ichian_ verb, and therefore, it becomes なれたら\nwhen it is followed by たら.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-02T15:31:29.113", "id": "93948", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-02T15:31:29.113", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93944", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "For me, there is only one possible interpretation for the Japanese sentence.\nこんなもの refers to other things the speaker is now directing the listener's\nattention to. The sentence says nothing about how similar they are to whatever\nthey were first referencing.\n\n> 他にもこんなものがあります。 \n> Besides that, we have (things like) these.\n\nI don't know how native speakers of English read it, but I would translate the\nEnglish sentence into something like this.\n\n> There are also other things like this. \n> これに似たものが他にもあります。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-03T03:38:04.380", "id": "93951", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-03T03:38:04.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "93950", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Judging from [the lyrics](https://utaten.com/lyric/rq21040606/), most of them\nare not proper sentences, more of arrays of words. Also in some places, there\nare 当て字 (use of phonetic equivalent) like \"地獄覇\", where 覇 is used as a kanji\nfor the normal particle は.\n\nSo just a plain listener won't think that it is written entirely kanji. It is\nweird more because there are not many sentences that make sense. I guess it is\nmimicking Buddhist mantras.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-03T23:21:12.633", "id": "93967", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-03T23:21:12.633", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93952", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I assume you are asking whether calling your spouse a 親友 is completely\nunnatural in Japanese or not. The answer is that it is possible to say\n夫/妻は親友です.\n\n * [夫（妻）が親友という方いますか？](https://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/topics/id/175406/)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-03T23:06:01.033", "id": "93966", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-03T23:06:01.033", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93953", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Yes, you may think about them as your 親友, but you will always refer to them as\nyour romantic partner to other people.\n\nIf you refer to your romantic partner as your best friend to someone else, it\nmight be understood that you don't see them as your romantic partner anymore\nand they have been \"downgraded\" to a best friend.\n\n\"My husband/wife is my best friend\" using the word 親友 should be ok.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-05T12:57:37.893", "id": "94011", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-05T12:57:37.893", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50976", "parent_id": "93953", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Here よく means _how (can/do you) ...?_ , indicating the speaker thinks '...' is\nsomething extraordinary. It is somewhat close to _how come ...?_.\n\nSo the sentence means _how can you live in such a cold room like this? (I\nthink it's impossible)_.\n\nIncidentally よく can be put at the front: よくこんな寒い部屋に住めるね.\n\n* * *\n\nOther examples:\n\n * よくこんなもの見つけたね _How did you find such a thing? (I am surprised you did)_\n * よくそんなこと言えるね _How dare you say such a thing?_\n * よく日本語なんか勉強するね _How come you study Japanese!_\n\nNote that it often comes with そんな/こんな or なんか (roughly corresponding to _such_\n).\n\n* * *\n\nデジタル大辞泉 lists this usage of よく(well) as [separate\ndefinitions](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%88%E3%81%8F/#jn-227079_):\n\n> ４ 困難なことをしたり、考えられないような喜ばしい結果を得たりして感じ入るさま。本当にまあ。よくぞ。「―来てくれました」「月給だけで―やっていけるね」\n>\n> ５ 相手の非常識な言動などを非難するさま。4を反語的にいう語。よくもまあ。「―のこのこと来られたものだ」\n\n5 is the definition for _how dare.._.\n\nThat said, I suppose it can be understood as an exclamation. E.g. the sentence\nin question is _how well you live in such a cold room!_ and the speaker thinks\nyou are doing too well (much).\n\n* * *\n\nIn terms of register, it is colloquial, but can be made polite. E.g.\nよくこんな寒い部屋に住めますね.\n\nEnding with な (e.g. 住めるな) would sound masculine and somewhat more rude.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-03T14:00:09.053", "id": "93956", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-05T19:56:28.027", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-05T19:56:28.027", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93955", "post_type": "answer", "score": 11 } ]

[ { "body": "Summary:\n\n 1. ❌ パソコン **が** こわれられた。 (ungrammatical)\n 2. パソコン **に** こわれられた。 \nMy PC broke (on its own, and I'm troubled).\n\n 3. パソコン **を** こわされた。 \nI had my PC broken (by someone, and I'm troubled). \nSomeone broke my PC (and I'm troubled).\n\n* * *\n\nSentence 1 is simply ungrammatical. You need to use に to express \"suffering\npassive\".\n\nSentence 2 is a correct sentence with a \"passive form of an intransitive\nverb\". It means the PC crashed **on its own** (no person is to blame), and\nthat fact troubled the speaker. It's a typical \"suffering passive (迷惑の受け身)\"\nsentence. Textbook examples of this include:\n\n * 雨に降られた。\n * 親に死なれた。\n\nSentence 3 is a correct sentence known as an indirect passive sentence. Here,\n**there is a person** who broke the speaker's PC. The textbook example of this\nis:\n\n * 財布を盗まれた。 \nI had my wallet stolen.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-04T01:55:23.893", "id": "93972", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-19T00:59:19.607", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-19T00:59:19.607", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93958", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Indeed, that explanation (\"に functions to express the purpose of _an action_\n\") seems misleading to me. 朝ご飯 is a simple noun, and 朝ご飯する is ungrammatical.\nHere, this に is a rather simple role/purpose marker described in several\nprevious questions. It roughly corresponds to \"as\" or \"for\" in English.\n\n * [に to indicate the role you want something to play?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65432/5010)\n * [Meaning of にと思って in a sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55453/5010)\n * [Can に have the same function as として?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/82913/5010)\n * [grammar of 前の誕生日プレゼントにもらった彼女の絵](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/73351/5010)\n\nに can also take a suru-verb as a purpose, for example 運転には免許が必要だ (\"To drive\nit, you need a license\"), but your sentence about 朝ご飯 is slightly different.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-04T01:32:02.223", "id": "93971", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-04T01:37:08.650", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-04T01:37:08.650", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "93959", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "As for 1, I think you are correct. The lie referred to in the last phrase\nseems to be that A asked D for going to the restaurant.\n\nRegarding the second question, it depends on the character which of the\nsentences are most probable, so I simply give more natural translations:\n\n * だんだんAのこと( **が** )わかって **きた** みたいです\n * 今日だけ **は** , **Aの** 考えてる **ことが** (or Aの考えが)分かるみたいです。\n * **少なくとも** 今 **は(もう) **デート** だ**と思ってたことを知ってます(or 思ってたことはお見通しです may be better).\n\nGrammatically what you should check may be contrastive は which was missing in\nthe 2nd and 3rd sentence.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-08T14:10:39.077", "id": "94050", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-08T14:10:39.077", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "93960", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "と isn't being used with a volitional here. とするなら、とすると、とすれば are expressions to\nmake conditionals. Here is an example from the answer to the related post I've\nlinked below.\n\n> お友達が来るとすれば５月でしょう \n> If my friend is going to come, it will probably be in May.\n\nAll of these expressions are constructed as \"Aとする＋conditional expression\",\nwhich essentially means \"Assuming A, then B\". とするなら is no exception here.\nとするなら＝とする＋なら, 「なら」 being the conditional expression here.\n\nIn your case, you have\n\n> 使うとするなら、(...) などの文章でしょうか。 \n> If you're going to use it, (...) is the kind of sentence you would write.\n\nIf you changed it to the volitional 使おう, you would get a slightly different\nmeaning:\n\n> 使おうとするなら、(...) \n> If you're going to try to use it (...)\n\nRelated Post: [What are the purposes of としたら, とすれば,\nとすると?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42362/what-are-the-\npurposes-\nof-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8) \nFurther reading & more examples: [Supplementary\nSuru](https://www.imabi.net/supplementarysuru.htm) (とすると etc. is at the very\nbottom of the article)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-04-03T22:06:58.860", "id": "93964", "last_activity_date": "2022-04-03T22:41:18.597", "last_edit_date": "2022-04-03T22:41:18.597", "last_editor_user_id": "21657", "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "93961", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

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