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"body": "So from the context I expect to mean the same thing as\n不思議なくらい指に力がこもっていたが、封筒は破れなかった/封筒が破れるにはならなかった。But in that case, what way 破れないの\nis the subject, and does it have (withが) the meaning of なのに ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-21T17:55:35.733",
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"id": "93491",
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"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Regarding the phrase 破れないのが不思議なくらい指に力がこもっていた。",
"view_count": 72
} | [
{
"body": "The が that appears in this sentence doesn't mean \"but\"; it's the subject\nmarker.\n\n破れないのが不思議だ = It is strange that it doesn't break. \n破れないのが不思議なくらい = So much that it's surprising it doesn't break. \n破れないのが不思議なくらい指に力がこもっていた = I was gripping it so hard that I'm surprised it\ndidn't break.\n\nI think you have to treat な as a pre-noun form of the copula (see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4879/relative-clauses-\nwithout-verbs)). 破れないの is not the subject of こもっていた, but of a hidden copula.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T00:48:42.037",
"id": "93495",
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] | 93491 | null | 93495 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93504",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "> India is a nuclear-capable country.\n\nインドは核 **保有** 国です。 =having/has/possesses\n\n> He is a capable person.\n\n彼は **有能な** 人です。 =an able x\n\n> He is capable of piloting a plane.\n\n彼は飛行機を操縦 **することができます** 。 =has ability of x\n\n—-\n\nIs there a solid word, written or spoken, to mean capable as in “having power\n_and_ ability”?\n\n—-\n\nFor example, a retired pilot (ability) is not capable of flying a plane\nbecause they have no power to do so; Canada supplies the world with enriched\nuranium and has centrifuge facilities (power), but does not have the expertise\nto go further (ability); A person with intelligence and family money (ability)\nwho engages exclusively in vice after vice is not a capable person (power over\noneself).",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T00:44:13.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93494",
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"score": -3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Capable as in “having power and ability”?",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "You may assess this by checking if a reasonable excuse/justification can be\nadded or not.\n\n * A retired pilot **has ability** but... can't fly because of license expiration (reasonable excuse)\n * A certified pilot **has power** but... but can't fly because of diarrhea (reasonable excuse)\n\n* * *\n\nThe convenient word **できる** may be used as ability, power, competency, etc (or\ninclude all of them)., but also accepts excuses/justifications due to its\nvague nature. We've all heard of such phrase:\n\n * \"( **本当は** )できる けれど、 **実際** は ○○のため できない\"\n * \"できる（ **能力を有する** ） けれど、 ○○のため できない\"\n * \"できる（ **立場にある** ） けれど、 ○○のため できない\"\n\nThus you might want to accept a combination of words such as:\n\n\"能力的にも立場・政治的にも遂行することが可能である\"\n\n\"It is doable in terms of both capability and power/political-situation\"\n\n* * *\n\nI have encountered a word that won't accept any excuse whatsoever -\n**available**. A provider \"available at your command\" implies it is competent,\ncapable, authorized, and ready to serve under the current circumstance. There\nwill be no \"but...\" or \"however...\" allowed. Note that it's starting to get\nsubjective from here, and the following word may be industry-specific instead\nof an \"official\" word:\n\nThe degree of \"being available\" is **可用性** , and is measured between low or\nhigh. If one's availability reaches 100%, you have a service provider that is\n\"having power and ability\" to satisfy the given requirement.\n\nAs long as \"可用性が水準を満たしている\" (availability satisfies the requirement), it can,\nshall, and will get the job done as it is already equipped with the capability\nand authorized with power.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T02:02:13.903",
"id": "93497",
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"body": "I messaged some native speakers; this is a tough one. できる, 有能な, 可能な, and 能力\nhave their unique nuances (even though 能力 looks kind of like ‘skillset/talent’\nfused with ‘power’, which is what one of the definitions of _capable_ is.)\n\nGiven the examples, I’m told 可能な is the most versatile choice closest to\n_capable_.\n\nHowever, here is what I reverse-engineered from Google Translate as an\nexperiment that a few Japanese who have been in North America for a while find\nokay (as a new word, but makes sense to them). Good enough unless there is a\nbetter word or loan-word out there.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f4tFZ.jpg)\n\n例) 彼はケーパブルな人です。\n\nPulling on this thread just a bit more…\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ln3nz.jpg)\n\nSome may see how 有能な makes sense naturally and grammatically, but… “has\ntalent/skillset” for something you cannot practice yet you can only do\ncorrectly once? English’s _capable_ works fine here. (Not to mention the mess\nwith “Tom would make an _unwitting_ , capable s—— bomber.”)\n\n—-\n\n**Update** : I’m accepting my own answer because it is not lost in the weeds\nof picking apart examples and the only answer that tries to capture the\nconcept. Native Japanese in Japan say “there isn’t a single word for capable”,\nand Japanese who have lived in northern North America for some time say ケーパブル\nis fine as a loan word because they recognize the nuance. Asked and answered.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T05:58:03.740",
"id": "93504",
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},
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"body": "I think the closest and most neutral equivalent of “capable” is 能力がある. It is\nusually modified by something that comes before it as in 飛行機を操縦する能力があるパイロット\nand 核兵器を保有する能力がある国. There may be circumstances where 飛行機を操縦する能力があるパイロット cannot\nfly a plane, and 核兵器を保有する能力がある国 might choose not to possess nuclear weapons. I\nthink the same can be said about a pilot capable of flying a plane and a\ncountry capable of possessing nuclear weapons.\n\nThe unmodified 能力がある, and 有能な, are usually reserved for people. 能力のある人 or 有能な人\nmight use their abilities for evil or waste them completely either by choice\nor circumstance. I am not sure if the same can be said about a capable person.\nI would guess so.",
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T06:58:33.600",
"id": "93505",
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"body": "The short answer is no, there is no single Japanese word or phrase that\nprecisely corresponds to the English word \"capable\" in the range of contexts\nyou have included in your question. In part, this is simply because English\nand Japanese are two very different languages; naturally, there are many words\nin each that do not have precise, one-to-one equivalents in the other.\n\nBeyond that, however, I have to say that the definition of \"capable\" that you\nhave posited in your question seems arbitrary and idiosyncratic,* and is\nfatally undermined by a putative distinction between \"power\" and \"ability\"\nthat doesn't bear much scrutiny. (For example, you have characterized\nintelligence and family money as an \"ability\" and engaging in \"vice after\nvice\" as evidence of a lack of \"power.\" Couldn't one just as easily say that\nintelligence and money are forms of \"power,\" while engaging in vice after vice\nbetrays a lack of \"ability\" to control oneself?) In other words, I'm not at\nall sure that the word \"capable,\" as you understand it and have attempted to\ndefine it, really exists even in English!\n\n* * *\n\n*[Merriam-Webster's entry for \"capable\"](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capable) includes six definitions, none of which specifies that being \"capable\" requires two separate attributes comparable to your \"power _and_ ability.\"",
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T16:09:31.473",
"id": "93508",
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}
] | 93494 | 93504 | 93505 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93498",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> どこの馬の骨とも知らない男\n\nI am aware that「どこの馬の骨とも知らない」is an idiomatic phrase meaning \"unknown\" but what\ndoes it literally mean? \"Not knowing whatever horse's bone\"? What is the role\nof と before も? Is も connected to どこ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-22T00:54:16.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93496",
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"owner_user_id": "41067",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "とも in どこの馬の骨とも知らない",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "知る actually can take と as a particle. For the difference between ～を知る and\n～と知る, see this answer:\n\n[How do you use 〜と知る?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5236/30454)\n\nI don't fully agree with the answer though. I feel like the differentiation\nseems more complicated than presented in that answer, but the suggested\ntest—try swapping in 分かる—is a good rule of thumb to go by. And I believe it's\nalso common to hear 「どこの馬の骨とも分からないやつ」\n\nThis も just means \"even\", as in 「猿 **も** 木から落ちる」 (\"Even monkeys fall from\ntrees\")\n\n> どこの馬の骨とも知らない男 \n> a man whom we know nothing about, a total stranger, someone whose basic\n> background we don't _even_ know",
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T02:10:03.063",
"id": "93498",
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] | 93496 | 93498 | 93498 |
{
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"body": "Why is the ending います used in 違います instead of です or あります?\n\nI'm wondering if anyone is able to explain why います is used for this phrase\ninstead of です or あります, because in either context of the phrase that I've seen\n(either \"that's incorrect\" or \"there is a difference\") the subject is not a\nliving or animate object, which I thought imasu was reserved for.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-22T04:19:36.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93499",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-22T05:05:02.510",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-22T04:20:20.957",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is the ending います used in 違います instead of です or あります?",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "The います in 違います comes from the way the verb **違う** is conjugated with the\npolite ending ます. To put a verb that ends in う in the ます form, the う is\nchanged to い.\n\nThis is unrelated to the verb of existence いる (います in polite form). And since\nit's a verb conjugation, it's not possible to replace the います of 違います with です.\n\nHere are some other common verbs that end in う and their ます form.\n\n * 会う > 会います \n\n * 言う > 言います \n\n * 歌う > 歌います \n\n * 買う > 買います \n\n * 使う > 使います \n\nThe English translations of \"that's incorrect\" (using an adjective) or \"there\nis a difference\" (a noun plus the copula) offer a hint to why you might have\noverlooked the possibility that this was a verb conjugation. A more literal\ntranslation that uses an equivalent verb in English might be \"it differs\".\nSometimes translations do not maintain the same part of speech as the original\ntext, in order to remain natural for the situation in question.",
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T04:57:59.747",
"id": "93500",
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] | 93499 | null | 93500 |
{
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"body": "My team is developing a app for mobile. I want to tell to customer about the\nspeed of some APIs are very slow. So it is not good for **User Experience**\n(UX) How to say it in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-22T05:31:53.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93501",
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"owner_user_id": "31550",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What Japanese word for \"user experience\" or UX in IT field?",
"view_count": 606
} | [
{
"body": "I assume you're asking here, because UX is not a simple \"word\" in the\ndictionary. There currently is no Japanese word equivalent with such context.\nThus, UX is called \"UX\" in Japanese. You may want to say \"User Experience\"\nwhen verbally communicating.\n\nThis is interesting, because the mobility industry has created 乗り心地 (passenger\ncomfort), a beautiful word to express their UX. But despite developing great\nvideo games and electronic applications for long, Japan still has not\ndeveloped their own word to express UX.\n\nBut this may not be the case in future:\n\n* * *\n\n\"API is slow\" is technically wrong, as the slowness is caused by connection,\nmiddleware, etc.\n\n * \"API\" is API.\n\n * \"Middleware\" is middleware.\n\n * \"Connection\" is 回線 (as in the \"internet connection\").\n\nJapanese word for 回線 exists, because we have been using (telephone)\nconnections for a long time. So in the future, there might be new Japanese\nword to represent \"UX\".\n\n* * *\n\nAlthough there is no perfect match for the word, in essence it may be\ndescribed as:\n\n * 使い心地\n\nor/and\n\n * 使い勝手\n\nThese words are common enough that you may research on your own. Tech savvy\npeople may say \"UX is different from 使い心地・使い勝手\" which is true, but I consider\nit close enough. After all, when someone asks \"what does UX mean?\" those are\nthe words we tend to use for explanation.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT**\n\nFor further research or rationale, I recommend to consult the appropriate\nsource, which is not a dictionary but an industry standard public\nspecification/standards - JIS Z 8521 or 8531. This is because UX is still\nsomewhere between a word and a term. There are many terms like UX causing the\nsame debate: Robust design is 堅牢設計 or ロバストデザイン? Ergonomics is 人間工学 or エルゴノミクス?\nIt's an interesting subject.",
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"body": "For my day job in software engineering (game development), I often give\ntechnical presentations, and have technical meetings with different types of\naudiences. Discussing UX is something I do very commonly.\n\nTo express the concept of UX, I find ユーザー エクスペリエンス a bit unwieldy, and often\nunknown to less savvy audiences, so I generally use ユーザー体験 instead, as it's\neasy to understand, easy to read, and fits better in a presentation slide.",
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T23:21:56.263",
"id": "93513",
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}
] | 93501 | 93503 | 93503 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could the particle に (point in time) be in a sentence that doesn't end on a\nverb? For example: 火曜日に日本語の勉強です。\n\nIf incorrect, could anyone explain why? Could it be that time-indicator に\nalways needs a verb?\n\nI checked 'A dictionary of basic Japanese grammar'. All the example sentences\nended on a verb, except this one: 来年の夏（に）外国旅行をするつもりです。\n\n(source: Makino, S. and Tsutsui, M. (2006). A dictionary of basic Japanese\ngrammar. 55th ed. Tokyo: Japan Times, p. 289, 290).",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T13:45:12.457",
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"id": "93507",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-02-22T16:28:01.553",
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"owner_user_id": "29821",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-に",
"time"
],
"title": "Particle に (point in time) without a verb",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "A sentence like 火曜日に日本語の勉強です does occur in everyday conversation.\n\n> A: 来週何か予定がありますか。 \n> B: はい、月曜日にバイトがあります。それから、火曜日に日本語の勉強です。\n\nHowever, it doesn’t sound quite grammatical. It sounds like something is\nomitted and です is added in its place to make it sound like a proper, polite\nsentence.\n\nThe casual version sounds more natural.\n\n> A: 来週何か予定ある？ \n> B: うん、月曜日にバイト。それから、火曜日に日本語の勉強。\n\nThis sounds natural because a lot of things are omitted anyways.\n\nWhen に points to a specific time, it points to a specific time at which some\nevent or action happens. The event or action itself may be expressed with a\nnoun, but you need a verb to say it happens at the referenced time.\n\n> 火曜日に日本語の勉強が **あります** 。\n>\n> 火曜日に日本語の勉強を **します** 。\n\nFor this reason, a clause that ends with the time-marking に needs to modify a\nverbal clause.\n\nThe sentence from your book is no exception. It should be read this way.\n\n> ［［来年の夏（ **に** ）外国旅行を **する** ］つもり］です。\n\nThe に-clause modifies, or is part of, the verbal clause that ends with する, and\nthis whole thing modifies the noun つもり as a \"relative\" clause.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"id": "93521",
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] | 93507 | null | 93521 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93520",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> An [**auto-antonym**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-antonym) is a word\n> with multiple meanings (senses) of which one is the reverse of another.\n\n* * *\n\nSo apparently the [kanji meaning](https://www.wanikani.com/kanji/%E5%85%88) of\nthis word is \"previous\" or \" **past** \". This seems to be tied to the Chinese\norigin and its on'yomi reading (せん), maybe?\n\nThe [vocabulary meaning](https://www.wanikani.com/vocabulary/%E5%85%88) of the\nstandalone word is \"ahead\" or \" **future** \". This meaning may be connected to\nthe Japanese influence on the word and its kun'yomi reading (さき).\n\n* * *\n\n_Is it true that this kanji (先) can refer to both future events and past ones?\nHow did it evolve to be this way and what has the original chinese meaning to\ndo with it?_\n\n* * *\n\n**UPDATE:** So, this kanji means \"prior\" or \"first\" in Chinese according to\nthis [source](https://www.purpleculture.net/dictionary-\ndetails/?word=%E5%85%88). This further validates that it originally was\nconnected to the concept of \"past\" and the \"future\" meaning came later and was\nintroduced solely in Japan.\n\nThis still does not fully answer any questions.\n\nAlso my question are tangentially related to this\n[exchange](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/16017/i-am-struggling-\nwith-the-sometimes-conflicting-uses-of-%E5%85%88?rq=1). But my questions have\nnot been satisfactorily answered by that question and the core differs from\nwhat I am interested in.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-22T22:32:29.950",
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"id": "93512",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"etymology",
"chinese",
"antonyms"
],
"title": "Is \"先\" an auto-antonym?",
"view_count": 311
} | [
{
"body": "I'd say yes, it's an auto-antonym. Here are two definitions of さき from\nデジタル大辞泉:\n\n> ８ 未来のある時点。将来。前途。「―を見通しての計画」「―の楽しみな青年」\n\n> 10 現在からそう遠くない過去。以前。「―の台風の被害」「―の大臣」\n\nDefinition 8 uses the word 将来 (future) and definition 10 uses the word 過去\n(past). So it's an auto-antonym even if you just consider the word さき\nindependent of the kanji.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-23T06:58:30.690",
"id": "93514",
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{
"body": "The Japanese word さき means the tip of something. For example, 指先 is the tip of\na finger. When it is written as 崎, it means a cape, the tip of a land facing\nthe sea.\n\nWhen it refers to space, 先 means something like \"ahead\" or \"a little farther\"\nwith respect to some reference point. It is usually modified by something that\ncomes before it, as in この先, コンビニの先, etc. Imagine an arrow pointing towards\nthat direction. It should not be difficult to see the connection with \"tip.\"\n\nWhen it refers to time, 先 basically means \"earlier,\" not necessarily the past.\nThis meaning is consistent with Chinese.\n\n> 先に行くね。 \n> _先走了。_\n\nThe noun-modifying form 先の, as in 先の戦争 in reference to WWII, has a formal tone\nto it. Incidentally, its pitch accent is [さきの]【HLL】, not [さきの]【LHH】 as in the\nother senses.\n\n先 does refer to a future time in certain expressions, as in 三年先, 先が思いやられる,\netc. This can be understood as an analogical usage of the spatial sense. You\nare heading towards the future, after all. In fact, この先 can be used in both\nsenses. This usage of 先 seems mostly limited to contexts where you want to\nemphasis remoteness or uncertainty. If you want to state some concrete event\nis planned to happen in three years, you would most likely say 三年後, not 三年先.\n\nTo me, the English expressions “push back” and “push forward” are far more\nconfusing. I am biased, of course.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-23T11:27:58.920",
"id": "93520",
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{
"body": "> Is \"先\" an auto-antonym?\n\nMaybe yes, maybe no. Because...\n\n* * *\n\nIf we have a time machine we could:\n\n * \"Proceed going forward (to the past)\"\n * \"Proceed going forward (to the future)\"\n\nSame word, reverse direction.\n\n* * *\n\nIn Japanese we say 結構です to mean \"It's alright\".\n\nIn either languages we may say:\n\n * It's alright (without it), I don't want it\n * It's alright (to accept it), I'll take it\n\nAgain, opposite meaning only because of perspective and surrounding context.\nThe original meaning of the word is unchanged.\n\n_BTW \"original\" is an auto-antonym._\n\n* * *\n\n> An auto-antonym is a word with multiple meanings (senses) of which one is\n> the reverse of another.\n\nSo yes, in terms of 先, it may possess the meaning reverse of another, but only\nbecause of one's interpretation. Do we call this an auto-antonym? Maybe yes,\nmaybe no.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-23T12:22:31.030",
"id": "93522",
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}
] | 93512 | 93520 | 93520 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93516",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If I want to say something like:\n\nThis movie was adapted from a novel\n\n> この映画は小説から適応されました。\n\nIs this the right way to say it?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-23T08:34:27.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93515",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-02-23T19:56:28.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "42007",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Adaptation as in a 'Movie adaptation'",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "No, 適応 only works with another meaning of adapt/adaptation, one that has to do\nwith the environment, biology, and people.\n\nFor creative works:\n\n> この映画はその小説を原作{げんさく}とした作品だ\n\n> これはその小説を原案{げんあん}にした映画だ\n\n> 小説を脚色{きゃくしょく}した映画だ",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-23T09:15:04.620",
"id": "93516",
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{
"body": "How about using 「もと(元)」, as in...\n\n> これは、小説をもとにした映画です。 \n> この映画は、小説をもとにしています。\n\nOr 「映画化」, as @Nanigashi suggested:\n\n> これは、小説を映画化したものです。\n\nI think using 原作 (in @Eddie's post) is good, too. I think you can also say it\nlike this:\n\n> これは、小説を原作にした映画です。 \n> この映画は、小説が原作となっています。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-24T03:49:31.100",
"id": "93529",
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"score": 3
}
] | 93515 | 93516 | 93529 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that **は** can be translated as 'speaking of...' or 'as for...', but\nwhat's the difference between saying **ここは** 'speaking of here/as for here' to\n**ここには**?\n\nIn the same frame of reference from the previous question, what do combined\nparticles (especially those combined with the particle は) mean?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-23T11:17:29.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93518",
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"owner_user_id": "50652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "What's the difference between the particle は and the combined particles では and には?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "**The particles \" _では_ \" and \" _には_ \" contextualize the topic by providing a\nclarification.**\n\nThe only difference is the precision. I don't think this has an impact on the\ntranslation and meaning of the sentences to be honest. It is not mandatory to\nuse them, unless we want to be clear.\n\n\" _では_ \" = allows you to contextualize a place where there is an action.\n\n> ex: レストランでは食{た}べる。\n\n\" _には_ \" = allows you to contextualize a place where there is no action.\n\n> ex: 公{こう}園{えん}には犬{いぬ}がいる。\n\nThe particles \" _では_ \" and \" _には_ \" should be seen as fusions of the particles\n\" _で_ \" and \" _は_ \", and \" _に_ \" and \" _は_ \".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-05-19T11:30:13.207",
"id": "94579",
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}
] | 93518 | null | 94579 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93532",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I stumbled upon this sentence in bold:\n\n> 俺の言う事は素直に聞く事 お前は馬鹿でガキで道徳がない 俺はお前より先輩だし社会正義も持っているつもりだ\n> 俺の言う事を聞いていればお前は今の生活を守れるぜ どうだ？わかったら返事 おう頭に入れといてやらあ 安心してくれ\n> **アンタらみてえにご立派な目標はねえし** ショボい夢しかねえし\n\nThe spaces just indicate that it starts a new column (it's vertical writing in\nthe manga)\n\nWhat is it that みたいに here is modifying? I'm not sure really about the whole\nアンタらみてえに-part, because doesn't this make an adverb (here it would mean \"looks\nlike アンタら\")?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-23T15:15:21.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93524",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-24T06:59:13.577",
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"owner_user_id": "50132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is, in this sentence: アンタらみてえにご立派な目標はねえし, みたいに modifying",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "[みたい](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84/#je-72829)\nhas two meanings:\n\n> 1〔類似・具体例を表す〕like\n>\n> 2〔推測を表す〕look; seem\n\nThe one in the example is used in the first sense.\n\nI guess the みたい can be translated both _like_ and _unlike_ :\n\n * Unlike you guys, I'm not aiming high\n * I don't have a respectable objective like you\n\nTo my knowledge, English _un/like_ have the same ambiguity in a negative\nsentence.\n\n* * *\n\n(Edit) I forgot to answer the original question: in terms of 'modifying',\nアンタらみてえに modifies ねえ (or ご立派な...ねえ as a whole).",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-24T06:29:51.943",
"id": "93532",
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}
] | 93524 | 93532 | 93532 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93527",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is 近道 read/pronounced as ちかみち and not きんどう?\n\nMy first assumption is that the word originated before the kanji was\nintroduced, but I don't have this sort of information on tap.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-23T16:04:39.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93525",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-24T02:42:47.720",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-24T02:19:26.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "20390",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"readings",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Understanding the Reading of 近道",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "Basic old words tend to be in kun-readings, while modern technical words tend\nto be in on-readings. Still, it's just a tendency. You ultimately have to\nremember the pronunciation of each word individually.\n\nThere are many words that end with 道 pronounced as みち:\n\n * 脇道 (わきみち)\n * 小道 (こみち)\n * 獣道 (けものみち)\n * 坂道 (さかみち)\n * 山道 (やまみち; but see: [What is the difference between 山道【さんどう】 and 山道【やまみち】?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72177/5010))\n\nYou can see these concepts are generally older than on-reading words such as\n国道 (こくどう), 隧道 (ずいどう), 自動車道 (じどうしゃどう), 水道 (すいどう), and 赤道 (せきどう). I don't know\nif 近道 really existed before the arrival of kanji, but it's hard to imagine the\nold people were unfamiliar with the concept of shortcut.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-24T02:37:38.640",
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}
] | 93525 | 93527 | 93527 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does anyone know this book's title? It has different language explanations:\nEnglish, Korean and I'm not sure what the other language is. Attached is a\nscreenshot of the book. I only have a chapter and would like to read the full\nbook. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pOQdo.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-24T03:44:30.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93528",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-24T05:27:21.240",
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"owner_user_id": "50689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"titles"
],
"title": "Does anyone know this book's title?",
"view_count": 86
} | [
{
"body": "The other language that you couldn't identify was Portuguese.\n\nIt looks like this is a Portuguese textbook of Japanese from a university\ncourse at the University of Porto:\n<https://sigarra.up.pt/flup/pt/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=349242>\n\nNote that section 4 on the page matches the Portuguese title on your\nscreenshot: \"4. Impressão, emoção de uma viagem\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-24T05:10:57.337",
"id": "93530",
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] | 93528 | null | 93530 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ピンクのカメラの人はなぜ自分の飯を食ってしまったのか\n>\n> ピンクのカメラが人はなぜ自分の飯を食ってしまったのか\n\nWhich particle should be used before 人, の or が ?\n\nPlease explain the answer",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-24T07:16:44.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93533",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-25T02:39:35.877",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-24T07:17:34.543",
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"owner_user_id": "41262",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the correct way to say \"Why did the guy with pink camera eat my food?\"",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "ピンクのカメラ **が** 人 is clearly ungrammatical, at least in modern Japanese. It must\nbe ピンクのカメラ **の** 人. It is parsed in an embedded structure like this.\n\n> ［［ピンク **の** カメラ］ **の** 人］\n\nThe particle の is used to express various types of relationship, including but\nnot limited to possession. The first の is used to modify the thing referenced\n(カメラ) with one of its attributes, namely color. The second refers to a\nsituation where the person referenced is holding a pink camera. It would\ncorrespond to “with” in English.\n\nIt is important to note that の works within a noun phrase, whereas が plays a\nparticular function on the sentence (or clause) level.\n\nBy the way, 自分の飯 may be understood as referring to the food of the person\nholding a pink camera, instead of the speaker’s (\"my food\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-24T12:50:43.250",
"id": "93536",
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{
"body": "The other answer has already explained the が・の thing, so I'd like to clear up\nsome of the other issues with your translation.\n\n> ピンクのカメラの人はなぜ自分の飯を食ってしまったのか\n\nsounds a little off. More natural, I think, would be:\n\n> ピンクのカメラの人はなぜ（私・僕・俺）のご飯を食べてしまったのかな\n\n自分, as the other answerer said, could easily be taken to refer to 「ピンクのカメラの人」,\nand 飯 and 食う can sound somewhat crude. A bare ～のか at the end of a sentence\ncontaining a question word makes it seem like an incomplete sentence\ncontaining an embedded question (like 「なぜ食べたのか、わからない」 'I don't know _why he\nate it_ ').",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-24T13:17:41.573",
"id": "93537",
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}
] | 93533 | null | 93536 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following pilot's name appears on page 12 of the book\n\n── いつまでも、いつまでも お元気で ──\n\nISBN-13 : 978-4794216205\n\n安原 正文\n\n24歳【さい】\n\n大尉【だいい】\n\nThere are apparently many possible readings of the captain's name; as a matter\nof principle, how does a native speaker reader decide how to pronounce a name\nif it is not possible to ask the person's relatives or friends and if that\nhistorical person is not well-known?\n\nThere are nice answers to this question here\n\n[Is it always necessary to ask how someone's name is pronounced if you\nencounter it first in\nwriting?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43790/31150)\n\nbut I am not sure whether the same rules apply for a person who was born in\n1921, as the captain was.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-24T08:03:11.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93534",
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"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"names"
],
"title": "How to pronounce a name in a book?",
"view_count": 211
} | [
{
"body": "You can try to find other sources that describe the person and hopefully\ninclude furigana, but that's about it. I think it's more common to encounter a\nname written with furigana in Japanese language documents than the IPA\n(international phonetic alphabet) transcription of a name written in English-\nlanguage documents. Usually the best bet is trying to find something\narchived/published by the person's alma mater, like 卒業文集.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-06-08T12:57:51.507",
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}
] | 93534 | null | 94880 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm learning katakana these days and my book introduces the horizontal line\nwhich is use to lengthen a vowel sound as in internet inta-netto\n\nMy book says this line is called yoko bou which I can find in the dictionary.\n\nThen my book mentions that when writing in vertical script it is called tabe\nbou. I cannot find this in the dictionary. I speak Chinese so I already know\nabout 横 horizontal and 纵 vertical. 纵 turns out to be tate in my dictionary.\n\nSo is tabe a typo/mistake or are tate and tabe both variants ? Or maybe tate\nchanges to tabe when followed by bou ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-24T10:13:43.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93535",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"orthography"
],
"title": "How to say the vertical vowel extension line in Japanese?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "_Bou_ is just the reading for 棒【ぼう】 \"bar; pole\". There are a few other names\nfor this mark, as detailed in the JA Wikipedia article at\n[長音符](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6), and also\nsome in the EN Wikipedia article at\n[Chōonpu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu):\n\n * 長音符【ちょうおんぷ】 -- \"long sound mark\"\n * 長音符号【ちょうおんふごう】 -- \"long sound symbol\"\n * 長音記号【ちょうおんきごう】 -- \"long sound notation\"\n * 音引き【おんびき】 -- \"sound puller / lengthener\"\n * 棒引き【ぼうびき】 -- \"bar puller / lengthener\"\n * 伸ばし【のばし】棒【ぼう】 -- \"lengthener / stretcher bar\"\n\nAs you noted, there are also:\n\n * 横【よこ】棒【ぼう】 -- \"horizontal bar / pole\"\n * 縦【たて】棒【ぼう】 -- \"vertical bar / pole\"",
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] | 93535 | null | 93539 |
{
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"body": "って can be used at least 3 different ways that I know of.\n\n 1. Standard って form that most people learn first.て,って,んで,いて,いで etc.\n 2. って for quoting people.\n 3. って for making a demand/command statement.\n 4. A tutorial I'm watching says って=という as well.\n\nAre there any other usages of って I should know?\n\nMost importantly, how do I know which form of って is being used? Is there an\neasy way to know which one is being used?",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-24T20:22:24.557",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"definitions"
],
"title": "How to identify what って means in different situations",
"view_count": 128
} | [] | 93538 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence,\n\n> 毎日、この道を通ります。\n\nwhy is を used? Wouldn't it be に? \nAlso,\n\n> 試験に通る\n\nI thought the verb was intransitive, so I thought it would be が maybe. \"the\ntest was passed\" ?\n\nAny helpful explanations?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-25T02:07:34.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "を/に・通る particle help",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "It's challenging to provide an exhaustive answer for your question. I\nrecommend you leverage the [existing\nposts](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/search?q=%E3%81%AB+%E3%82%92+verb)\nin this forum explaining the basics, and supplement with these examples\ntailored for you:\n\n> In the sentence, 毎日、この道を通ります。 why is を used?\n\n**Example to use を - 1**\n\n * Question E: what are you walking **on** (top of)?\n * Question J: 何(の上) **を** walking していますか？\n\n↓\n\n * Answer E: I am walking **on** (top of) the 道.\n * Answer J: 道(の上) **を** walking しています。\n\n* * *\n\n**Example to use を - 2**\n\n * Question E: what are you searching **for**?\n * Question J: 何 **を** searching していますか？\n\n↓\n\n * Answer E: I am searching **for** the 道.\n * Answer J: 道 **を** searching しています。\n\n* * *\n\n**Example to use に - 1**\n\n * Question E: what are you angry **at**?\n * Question J: 何 **に** angry ですか？\n\n↓\n\n * Answer E: I am angry **at** the 道.\n * Answer J: 道 **に** angry です。\n\n* * *\n\n**Example to use に - 2**\n\n * Question E: where are you throwing **against**?\n * Question J: どこ **に** throwing してますか？\n\n↓\n\n * Answer E: I am throwing **against** the 道.\n * Answer J: 道 **に** throwing しています。\n\n* * *\n\nConsider using **に** when pointing to a target. Shout **against** , scream\n**towards** , ask a question **to** , etc. There are exceptions, but it's a\ngood starting point.\n\n* * *\n\n> Also, 試験に通る I thought the verb was intransitive, so I thought it would be が\n> maybe.\n\nThis is a brilliant obvservation. If we were to use **が** , it would mean:\n\n * J: 試験 **が** 通る\n * E: 試験 **is** passing by (as in, \"Mr. 試験 is passing by your desk\")\n\nSo it's simply wrong unless you're talking about an entity called 試験 who is\nactually passing by.\n\n* * *\n\nLet's remember the tip: \"Consider using **に** when pointing to a target\".\n\nThe target here is 試験. When we say \"passed the exam\", what did we **do**\n(verb) against the exam?\n\n * We did **not** : \" **pass** against the exam\".\n\n * We: \" **accomplished** a result of passing, against the exam\".\n\nTherefore, the verb is **not** 通る. Accomplish (e.g. 結果を出す) is the hidden verb.\n\n * 試験に 通過するという 結果を出す。\n * Against (the target which is) exam, pass is the result I delivered.\n\n↓ people like to cut down components, resulting with...\n\n * 試験に 通 ~~過す~~ る ~~(という結果を出す)~~ 。\n * I passed the exam.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-25T03:41:01.740",
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{
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"body": "I encountered this sentence in an anime 素で無視してたー！ I've looked up 素 with jisho,\nbut non of the definitions seem to fit.\n\nCould someone please explain how 素で works in this sentence and provide me with\nsome other example sentences that would be super helpful.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-25T08:56:15.260",
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"id": "93542",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 素で in 素で無視してたー！",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "This 素 is read す (not そ), and its basic meaning is \"plain\". See the [second\ndefinition on jisho.org](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%B4%A0-1). By extension, 素で\ncan mean \"without hidden implication\", \"with a straight face\", \"without\njoke/wit/excitement/role-play\", \"innocently\", \"seriously\", \"literally\", and so\non, depending on the context. In your context, I think the speaker is saying\nthey didn't ignore something out of malice or intent; they ignored it\ninadvertently.",
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"body": "The\n[_Yomiuri_](https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/local/shiga/feature/CO055052/20220102-OYTAT50233/)\nhad this sentence recently:\n\n> こんだけ土【つち】のついた野菜【やさい】触【さわ】ったん、初【はじ】めてですわ \n> _I've never touched a vegetable with so much dirt on it before._\n\nI have been told that ん can be an abbreviation of の, making the whole\npreceding part function like an extended noun phrase subject. If so, would a\nmore grammatically analogous (though less natural-sounding) sentence be...\n\n> _This is my first touching of a vegetable with so much dirt on it_\n\nI have seen the ん hanging on to the ends of phrases such as the one above and\nwas wondering whether I am understanding its function correctly.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-25T19:19:55.620",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Is ん an abbreviation of の here?",
"view_count": 96
} | [] | 93545 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93547",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A recent question I asked on Hinative showed that たい can be used when talking\nabout other people's feelings and still be natural.\n\n<https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/21298937>\n\nAccording to the Japanese native user who answered the question,\nboth「友人Aは辛いものを食べたい」and 「友人Aは辛い物を食べたがる」are natural sentences despite the former\nusing たい to talk about what 友人A wants.\n\nI'm not really sure why this is...?\n\nThe user's explanation is that both are explaining to the person that I am\ntalking to, 友人B, that 友人A likes spicy things in slightly different ways.\n\nYet other sources straight up say you can't do this the former? Not sure\nwhat's going on here.\n\nFurthermore, I have an extended question, and that is that if たがる is supposed\nto be used over たい when talking about other people's feelings because we can't\ntruly understand other people's feelings...\n\nThen can we also not say something like 「友人Aは辛い物が好きだ」because there'd be no way\nto know whether spicy things are actually likable to 友人A?\n\nThe user on Hinative says that this is also a natural sentence and that me\nsaying this is simply leaving how assertive I am about this statement up in\nthe air. While adding そう or らしい makes it clear that I am not saying this\nstatement as a fact.\n\nIf we cannot make a definite statement about other people's feelings in\nJapanese because we are not them, then why is 「友人Aは辛い物が好きだ」allowed?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-25T21:19:25.843",
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"id": "93546",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "A question on subjectivity. たい＆たがる",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "Let’s evaluate naturalness in polite style first because plain style hides\nsome of the unnaturalness.\n\nSuppose you are discussing with someone which restaurant to choose for your\nnext gathering. Taro is absent but he will also be at the gathering. You\ndecide to convey his preference to another person.\n\nYou would probably say either one of the following.\n\n> 1. 太郎は辛いものを食べたがっています。\n>\n\nTaro may or may not have directly told you that he wants to eat spicy food for\nthis particular occasion, but he was certainly giving off that impression last\ntime you spoke to him about the matter. If this information turns out to be\nincorrect and he later tells you that he didn’t want to eat spicy food, you\nwould probably argue with him, pointing to the earlier behavior or words of\nhis that made you assume he wanted to eat spicy food.\n\n> 2. 太郎は辛いものを食べたいみたいです。\n>\n\n> 3. 太郎は辛いものを食べたいようです。\n>\n\nYou may or may not have heard this from Taro or someone else, but you somehow\ngot the impression that Taro wants to eat spicy food. If this information\nturns out to be incorrect, you would probably have to accept the blame because\nit was your judgment, after all. #3 sounds more formal than #2.\n\n> 4. 太郎は辛いものを食べたいそうです。\n>\n\nThis is hearsay. (Note the い before そう.) You have certainly heard this from\nTaro or someone else. If the information turns out to be incorrect, you would\nprobably blame the source while feeling somewhat responsible for conveying\nincorrect information without verifying it.\n\n> 5. 太郎は辛いものを食べたいらしいです。\n>\n\nThis is similar to #4, but you are rather indifferent to the accuracy of the\ninformation. If it turns out to be incorrect, you don't have a clear source to\nblame and you definitely don’t want to take the responsibility yourself.\n\nNow, suppose the discussion is going the other direction, and you decide to\nremind them that Taro wants to eat spicy food by reiterating it. You might\nsay:\n\n> 6. 太郎は辛いものを食べたい **ん** です。\n>\n\nIn all these sentences, 食べたい is used in a subordinate clause with an\nexpression that conveys some mood. I for one cannot think of a realistic\ncontext where the following straight assertion truly sounds natural.\n\n> ? 太郎は辛いものを食べたいです。\n\nIt only sounds natural in a rather artificial context where you are describing\nTaro with complete objectivity like a voice-over narrator in a documentary\nvideo.\n\nNow, back to plain style. If 太郎は辛いものを食べたい sounds natural in some contexts, I\nwould say it is because it works as a substitute for at least some of the more\ncomplete sentences above.\n\nOn the other hand, the following is a natural statement about Taro’s, more\npermanent, preference.\n\n> 太郎は辛いものが好きです。\n\nIf Taro has declared that he likes spicy food, it is fact enough for you. You\ndon’t need to assume anything.",
"comment_count": 16,
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{
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"body": "In today's _Yomiuri_ , the following sentence appeared:\n\n空自【くうじ】が保有【ほゆう】しているのは計【けい】３１３機【き】（２０２１年【ねん】３月末【がつまつ】現在【げんざい】）だが、中国軍【ちゅうごくぐん】は計【けい】１１４６機【き】に上【のぼ】る\n\n_The Air Self-Defense Force has a total of 313 aircraft (as of the end of\nMarch 2021), while the Chinese military has a total of 1,146._\n\n<https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/column/civil02/20220223-OYT8T50001/2/>\n\nIs the reading of the last verb\n\n上る【のぼる】 climb\n\nor\n\n上る【あがる】 increase\n\n(I hope I got the readings of the other parts correct and apologize if I did\nnot)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-26T06:54:38.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93548",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "Is the reading のぼる climb or あがる increase",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "It is read\n[のぼる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%B8%8A%E3%82%8B/#jn-172351), which\nhas several meanings. One of them is _(an amount) reaches X_ :\n\n> ７ 数量が、無視できない相当の程度に達する。「死傷者が数百人に―・る」\n>\n> [補説]1㋐は「登る」、3・5は「昇る」、その他は「上る」と書くことが多い。\n\nThe reading is decided only on meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-26T13:40:12.780",
"id": "93550",
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{
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"body": "The Potential Form (can) usually is conjugated by replacing whatever verb\nending is based on the verb group. However, I noticed that some verbs such as\nたべられる can also be written as たべれる. What's the distinction between using られる\nand れる? Moreover, can this also be applied to ichidan verbs?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-26T10:41:56.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93549",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"godan-verbs",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "About the Potential Form of Verbs 「られる」",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "In a phenomenon called ら抜き, 'ra-omission', the _potential_ form of the 下一段 and\n上一段 活用, as well as that of the カ変活, I believe, can be truncated to merely ～れる.\nThis omission is rather marked in its colloquiality, and is consequently\nfrowned upon formally.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-05T22:07:08.313",
"id": "93617",
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] | 93549 | null | 93617 |
{
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"body": "Furthermore, are there any other words that retained their larger, pronounced\nつ when this change occurred?\n\nEdit: 仏像 seems to be another one.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-26T18:44:33.447",
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"owner_user_id": "20390",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"history",
"style"
],
"title": "Why did 実在 retain its old form when the 促音 was introduced?",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "It's because 在 (ざい) starts with a voiced sound (z). You usually don't see a\nsokuon before voiced sounds, except in gairaigo.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-26T20:26:53.677",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "93554",
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"body": "Is there some specific reason or logic that came behind this, or was it simply\nbecause everybody thought it was the best representation for the sounds that\ncreate the words that use ゃゅぇょ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-26T23:04:13.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93553",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-02-27T09:05:51.190",
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"owner_user_id": "20390",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"orthography"
],
"title": "Why is the イ段 used for 拗音, as opposed to, say, the ア段?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "I can’t answer how this orthography came to be adopted, but it does make sense\nto use the characters for syllables ending with /i/ before small letters like\nゃ, ゅ, ょ, and sometimes ぇ.\n\nThe syllables represented by those combinations are _palatalized_ sounds. The\ndifference between か and きゃ, for example, is in the degree of _palatalization_\nin their consonants, and the consonants in /i/-ending syllables in Japanese\nare already palatalized compared to their counterparts before the other four\nvowels. As an example, き is transcribed in IPA as [kʲi] whereas か is simply\n[ka]. Here, the small letter [ʲ] indicates the preceding consonant [k] is\n_palatalized_. It means that its place of articulation is shifted closer to\nthe palate. In this particular case, it is shifted forward from the velar,\nwhere [k] is usually articulated. The consonant in きゃ, きゅ, and きょ is the same\nas this palatalized sound, and they are indeed transcribed as [kʲa], [kʲɯ],\nand [kʲo], respectively.\n\nThe effect of palatalization is more obvious in し, ち and their voiced version\nじ (= ぢ). As you must have noticed, the consonants in these syllables are\nrather completely different from their counterparts in syllables ending with\n/a/. Indeed, they are represented by different IPA symbols, as listed below.\n\n> さ [sa]\n>\n> し [ɕi]\n\n> た [ta]\n>\n> ち [tɕi]\n\n> ざ [za] or [dza]\n>\n> じ [ʑi] or [dʑi]\n\nThe symbol [ɕ] represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative whose place\nof articulation is closer to the palate than that of [s], which is the\nvoiceless alveolar fricative. [ʑ] is the voiced equivalent of [ɕ] and is\nsimilarly palatalized compared to [z]. In these cases, palatalization refers\nto a backward shift. And these are the consonants in しゃ, ちゃ, じゃ, etc.\n\n> しゃ [ɕa]\n>\n> ちゃ [tɕa]\n>\n> じゃ [ʑa] or [dʑa]\n\nAlthough the difference between the consonants in は and ひ may be less obvious,\nand that between な and に even less so, ひ and に are also palatalized.\n\n> は [ha]\n>\n> ひ [çi]\n>\n> ひゃ [ça]\n\n> な [na]\n>\n> に [ɲi]\n>\n> にゃ [ɲa]\n\nThe symbol [ç] represents the voiceless palatal fricative. It can occur in\nEnglish words like “human,” too.\n\n[ɲ] is the voiced palatal nasal, the sound for the Spanish letter ñ. I\npersonally feel the degree of palatalization in に is not quite as much,\nthough.\n\nBesides all that about consonants, the semivowel [j] shares most of the\nfeatures of the vowel [i]. In fact, や [ja] is like いあ [ia] pronounced in quick\nsuccession.\n\nTherefore, it makes much more sense to transcribe the sound, say, [ɕa] as しゃ\nthan さゃ, if that's what you are asking.",
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] | 93553 | 93554 | 93554 |
{
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"body": "When using a する verb, it seems very intuitive to used は and も to add nuance to\na statement. 起床はしたんだけれど、まだ寝ボケだった for example. Or something like\n確認もしたのにやっぱり誤り見逃した. To my understanding, は and も can be used pretty freely with\nする-verbs. (If these two sentences are unnatural please let me know.) However,\non the other hand, it seems this usage is less common or less acceptable with\nnon-する verbs. For example 起きはしたんだけれど、まだ寝ボケだった seems to have a different, more\nspecific meaning, such as in sayings like 入れてくれやしねぇ. Is my impression of は and\nも with verbs correct? I always want to use these constructions as they seem\nintuitive but I'm not sure if they're proper.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-27T12:24:19.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93555",
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"owner_user_id": "38959",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "The use of は and も with non-する verbs",
"view_count": 90
} | [] | 93555 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I know the は particle can function as a topic marker or contrast marker. But\n**can it be topic and contrast marker at the same time?**\n\nHere are a few examples:\n\n> A) ビールは飲{の}まない。\n\n> B) 肉{にく}は食{た}べないけど魚{さかな}は食{た}べるよ。\n\n> C) 田中さんは日本語{にほんご}は上手{じょうず}です。\n\nIf I say the は is a contrast marker in the A) example then I'm not sure the\nbeer is not the topic.\n\nI know there is a rule which says: when multiple は particles appear in the\nsame sentence, the first is generally interpreted as the topic marker and the\nrest are contrastive elements. That's okay for the C) example. But there are 2\nsubsentence in the B) example where I don't think the first は is the topic\nmarker. If it is, that means the は is a topic and contrast marker at the same\ntime.\n\nCurrently I think the topic has been omitted in the A) and B) examples because\nwe already know it from the context. So if the は seems to be a contrastive\nmarker then the topic is something else which is wrapping contrastive\nsentences or subsentences. Ergo the は cannot be a topic and contrast marker at\nthe same time. Am I right?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-27T19:40:36.907",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-は",
"topic"
],
"title": "Can the は particle be a topic and contrast marker at same time?",
"view_count": 194
} | [] | 93556 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93558",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I were to say \"one spring onion\" would I say 一個ねぎ, 一個のねぎ, or ねぎを一個?\n\nThis is in the context of cooking, if that makes any difference.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-27T21:07:02.707",
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"owner_user_id": "50703",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the proper way to use 個?",
"view_count": 76
} | [
{
"body": "Google can be a really useful tool for finding out about real-world usage for\nsmall phrases like this. Just put the term in quotes to restrict your search\nto exact matches and see what comes up. Bear in mind that there are tonnes of\nmachine translations and unskilled human translations online, so don't assume\nsomething is grammatical/natural Japanese just because you get some hits.\nYou'd be looking to see hit numbers at least in the tens of thousands\nincluding stuff from popular Japanese websites before you can conclude that.\n\nYou won't find much for ねぎ with 個 (0 hits for \"一個のねぎ\" and just 4 for \"ねぎを一個\").\nThis is because spring onions are long and thin, so they are counted with 本.\n\nIf you search for \"ねぎを一本\" you´ll see 160,000 hits, and tonnes of them from\nrecipes. This is most likely the form you are after, but bear in mind that the\nparticle depends on the context. \"ねぎを一本炒める\" for \"fry one spring onion\" but\n\"ねぎが一本ある\" for \"I have one spring onion\". The form number + counter + の + noun\n(as in \"一本のネギ\") is also grammatically correct, but it has more of a nuance of\n\"THE (only) spring onion\", and won't come up as much in recipes. This is also\nevidenced by a Google search where you'll see a lot of the results that come\nup are from books and stories.\n\nIt's also worth pointing out that ネギ will often be written in katakana in\nrecipes. You could do some Googling yourself to find out how often each of the\nforms are used.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-27T21:33:32.910",
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}
] | 93557 | 93558 | 93558 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93565",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The etymology of the word [経緯]{いきさつ}, in the sense of \"the details of how\nsomething came to be\" seems completely opaque.\n\nEven on the Japanese internet, the only reference I can find is [this\narticle](https://ameblo.jp/gogen3000/entry-12542274891.html) opining that it\nderives from an expression [行き]{いき}[世話]{せわ}[体]{てい}, without citing any\nreferences. This etymology sounds quite unlikely to me given the strange\nreduction せわてい -> さつ.\n\nDoes anyone with better sources than me have a plausible etymology for this\nword?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-28T04:32:37.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93559",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the etymology of [経緯]{いきさつ}?",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "Shōgakukan's 日本【にほん】国語【こくご】大【だい】辞典【じてん】 is usually a pretty good reference for\netymologies. However, their entry for 経緯 as visible [here at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%B5%8C%E7%B7%AF-431210) doesn't provide\nmuch detail about where the いきさつ reading came from. Here's what we can tell\njust from the entry:\n\n * This is a relatively recent word, with the first citation given from 1779.\n\n * The entry includes no historical kana spellings for the いきさつ reading (compare for the けいい reading further above on that page), indicating that this is not related to 域【ゐき】.\n\n * The definition for the いきさつ reading doesn't include anything about textiles. I suspect any \"textile\" connection is purely from the spelling, which looks to me like it's probably 熟字訓【じゅくじくん】, where the kanji and the reading don't have a direct derivational relation.\n\n * The dictionary editors parse this as comprising two morphophonemic (sound-meaning) components, as a compound of いき + さつ.\n\nLet's look at these pieces.\n\n### いき\n\nThe definition itself includes the phrases 「事のなり[ゆ]{●}[き]{●}。[ゆ]{●}[き]{●}がかり」,\nsuggesting that the initial いき may be the 連用形【れんようけい】 or stem of verb 行【い】く.\nThis seems reasonably straightforward: \"how things have gone\" is one way of\ntranslating the concept of いきさつ.\n\n### さつ\n\nBut what about that さつ?\n\nThere are no obvious good matches for this that I can find in any reference.\nNo kanji with this reading seems to have any meanings that align usefully: [さつ\nkanji at Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%95%E3%81%A4), [さつ kanji\nat WWWJDIC](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?1MMC%E3%81%95%E3%81%A4).\n\n * As @jogloran notes in the question itself, the linked blog post at <https://ameblo.jp/gogen3000/entry-12542274891.html> makes the unsupported claim that いきさつ is from 行【い】き世話【せわ】体【てい】, but the clear mismatch between せわてい and さつ renders this extremely unlikely on phonological grounds. The author also explains this as 「進行する世話の体（テイ）」, but I cannot find any examples of such a phrase 行【い】き世話【せわ】. \n \n⇒ Considering the phonology, the relatively recent appearance of the term\n(making radical phonological changes harder to account for), and the apparent\nlack of evidence for the component phrase, I think we must rule this out. \n\n * A different page I found online at <https://boutex.jp/archives/2245> just makes the vague claim that, apparently because いきさつ is spelled with the kanji 経緯, the reading いきさつ must have something to do with textiles and latitude and longitude. But this connection is left unexplained and unreferenced. The post author appears to be unaware of, or to be deliberately ignoring, the possibility of this being 熟字訓【じゅくじくん】. \n \n⇒ Considering the lack of any explanation for how the reading いきさつ connects to\nthe concepts of textiles, or latitude and longitude, I think we must rule this\none out as well. \n\n**Speculation**\n\nGiven the mid-Edo-period appearance of this term in popular literature\n(specifically,\n[洒落本【しゃれぼん】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%92%E8%90%BD%E6%9C%AC), a\ngenre focused on [humor in the red-light\ndistricts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharebon)), it is possible that this\nterm may have arisen from slang. I wonder if いきさつ may have evolved from\nwordplay? Considering that some sources define いきさつ as 「込【こ】み入【い】った事情【じじょう】」\n(\"complicated circumstances\"), one possibility might be from the term\n行【ゆ】き雑【ま】じり (\"going and getting all mixed together\") → ゆき shifts to いき, 雑【ま】じり\nchanges to the 音【おん】読【よ】み reading of ざつ and then shifts to さつ.\n\n### Conclusion\n\nThe source of the term いきさつ has been lost to history, as best I can find in\nresources currently available to me. The initial いき is _probably_ from 行【い】き,\nbut the derivation of the さつ part remains mysterious.",
"comment_count": 5,
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{
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"body": "I have a Chinese name, 藍奕超, which I would like to convert into Japanese.\n\nMy last name is apparently a common Japanese feminine first name but I am a\nmale. I was wondering:\n\na) Is it weird for my last name to be 藍 (あい）\n\nb) Is it weird that my last name is \"feminine\" and I am a male\n\nc) Would あい or らん sound more natural/feel right/is more \"native\"?\n\nd) How would I convert 奕超?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-28T12:45:46.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93560",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41568",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Is it weird to use a common given name as a last name?",
"view_count": 94
} | [] | 93560 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93566",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know [単位](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D) can indicate unit of\nmeasurement, but I can't really understand what does it adds, and if it's\nneeded or something extra; I also tried on\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D), but while I\nunderstand the definition, I don't really understand its usage.\n\nHere's an example; as context, an alien is approaching the spaceship, and the\ncommander asks about its distance; the answer is:\n\n> あと9000キロ単位です\n\nWhat I don't understand is: would the sentence be grammatical also without 単位,\nlike \"あと9000キロです\"? If yes, what does it add? If not, is there any case in\nwhich removing it is right? I think for example about the title\n\"いつだって僕らの恋は10センチだった\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-28T15:14:13.597",
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"id": "93561",
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"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning and usage of 単位",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "[This website](https://anime-\ndiary.net/sidonia/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D%E3%80%8D.html)\nsays a manga uses キロ単位 in the literal sense: 1000 x unit length, where there\nis no indication of what the unit length is. In this particular manga, キロ単位\nseems different from _km_. So 9000キロです is of course grammatical, but would\nmean the usual 9000km.\n\nI don't think it is common to use キロ this way. (I knew the manga, but never\nreally thought what exactly it meant.)\n\n* * *\n\nIn terms of ordinary usage, 1キロ単位 would be used like 1キロ単位で売る= _sell by the\nkilo_ (that is, it is not possible to buy 1500g for example).\n\nAnother usage which is kind of similar is 単位当たり= _per unit_. This 単位 means a\nunit, which can be different depending on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 93561 | 93566 | 93566 |
{
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"body": "I mostly understood the particles in Japanese, but there is still one thing I\ncouldn't get over with. And that is the following problem: I do not exactly\nknow, when to use は、に or no particle. It's about the following three\nsentences:\n\n * いつ勉強しますか\n\n * 六時 **に** 起きます\n\n * 今日 **は** 忙しいです\n\nWhy does the first sentence have no particle, the second one a に-particle and\nthe last one a は-particle? I can see a pattern in some way, but I can't figure\nout, why days use は, why times use に and why does not use any particle",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-02-28T16:47:08.197",
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"owner_user_id": "50710",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "When to use は、に or no particle?",
"view_count": 98
} | [] | 93562 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There are many words to convey \"not at all\"\n\n * 全然\n * 全く\n * 少しも\n * ちっとも\n * さっぱり\n * 一切\n * 一向に\n * まるで\n * これっぽちも\n * まるっきり\n\nI think have a decent idea of formality, with 一切, 一向に, and まるで feeling formal,\nand これっぽちも sounding slangy. Also, I associate さっぱり with \"mental words\" like\nわかる and 思う but I don't know accurate that is, and I also can't really\ndistinguish between them.\n\nWhat are the real distinctions between these words?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-02-28T19:19:48.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93563",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-03T08:59:34.333",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-02T04:30:56.337",
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"owner_user_id": "38831",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "How to properly use the various ways to indicate \"not at all\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 353
} | [
{
"body": "まったく and 全然 are generally neutral and can be used for most cases.\n\nすこしも/ちっとも/これっぽっちも literally means _not even the smallest amount_ , and as such\nthey sound more idiomatic when some amount is under discussion.\n\nA few examples:\n\n * 彼は全然来ない/少しも来ない\n\nThe former normally means simply _he does not come at all (while you are\nwaiting)_. The latter means _his visits are rare (= the number of his visits\nis close to zero)_. Note also that the 全然 version can be used in the same\nsense as the latter, that is, it is ambiguous to an extent.\n\n * スマホが全然見つからない\n\nIn this case 少しも is not natural unless you are looking for many smartphones.\nIn the likely case where you are looking for your (single) smartphone, 全然 is\nmore natural.\n\nThat said, my feeling is that the difference is generally subtle and mostly\nthe words in the question are roughly interchangeable (some may sound more odd\nthan others, but mostly acceptable).\n\n* * *\n\nIf you want something more precise, there is an explanation in\n[類義語使い分け辞典](https://books.kenkyusha.co.jp/book/978-4-327-46135-5.html). The\nfollowing is a short summary.\n\n**少しも** ：期待しているのに、動作・状態・事態などが同じままで変化しない\n\n**全然** ：客観的に動作・状態・事態などが、発生・成立しないことを強調する\n\n * ちっとも is a colloquial version of 少しも\n * さっぱり is used when nothing happens despite expectations or efforts; it also expresses the feeling of resign.\n * まるで～ない means zero possibility; まるきり/まるっきり is its colloquial version. さっぱり assumes (more) expectation while まるきり assumes efforts. E.g. 景気はさっぱり cannot be expressed with まるきり because there is nothing an individual can do for the economy.\n * 一向に is synonymous with 少しも but assumes passing of time. It is for writing. E.g. 一向に来ない = the state of (someone's) non-coming has lasted for a long time.",
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}
] | 93563 | 93592 | 93592 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93575",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was looking at a website for beku and bekarazu, however, I think bekarazu is\nthe zu form of beku and it just doesn't make sense. I would make it べかず\ninstead of べからず because it appeared on a website that the zu form is just the\nnegative form, but instead of nai, zu is attached to the verb. Can someone\nanswer my confusion?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-01T01:17:02.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93564",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-01T21:41:40.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "50287",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation"
],
"title": "Beku and bekarazu, I don't get how the zu form even become like that or am I thinking of two different verbs?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "べく is the adverbial form of べし, which is, as a 形容詞, also regularised to べい\ndialectally. べからず simply consists of べく＋あらず, the latter being the verb in use,\nある, in its classical negation. Compare and contrast to modern past positive\n～かった, which is itself ～くありたり.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-01T18:39:48.113",
"id": "93575",
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"score": 2
}
] | 93564 | 93575 | 93575 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93571",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> まーな、こんくらいのほうが野菜の味がわかんだろ\n\nI know it's the abbreviation of これくらいのほう, but what does it mean exactly?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-01T03:08:23.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93567",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-01T09:25:39.190",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-01T04:32:55.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "41400",
"owner_user_id": "41400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "What does こんくらいのほう mean, in this sentence?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "Without くらい, it becomes このほうが = _in this way (rather than other ways of\ncooking)_. Although some more contexts are necessary for a precise\ntranslation, but the speaker should be saying that the current way of cooking\nis better in that one can taste the natural flavor of vegetables (while it\nwould not remain by other more sophisticated ways of cooking).\n\nくらい makes the expression less direct, so that こんくらいのほうが would translate as\n_like this way (compared with others)_.",
"comment_count": 2,
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] | 93567 | 93571 | 93571 |
{
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"body": "I am bit confused about precedence of A and B in below sentence patterns\n\n> AついでにB\n\n> AがてらB\n\n> AかたがたB\n\n> Aを兼ねてB\n\nIn structure「Aを兼ねてB」, B is a main goal and A is a subsidiary goal according to\n[this page](https://nihongokyoshi-net.com/2020/02/11/jlptn1-grammar-\nwokanete/).\n\nBased on my knowledge, in「A (ついでに / がてら / かたがた) B」structure, A is a main goal\nand B is a subsidiary goal. However when I look up がてら from the [same grammar\nwebsite](https://nihongokyoshi-net.com/2019/02/19/jlptn1-grammar-gateara/), it\nsaid that がてら is synonymous to both を兼ねて and ついでに which is contradictory to\nme. Does it imply that B is a main goal while A is a subsidiary goal in\nboth「AがてらB」and「AついでにB」?\n\nWhat is true precedence of A and B in「A (ついでに / がてら / かたがた / を兼ねて) B」sentence\nstructure?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-01T03:58:20.950",
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"id": "93568",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Precedence of A and B in「A (ついでに / がてら / かたがた / を兼ねて) B」",
"view_count": 58
} | [] | 93568 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "This is from Hayashi Fumiko's writing titled 生活 describing the author's daily\nlife in 1935.\n\n>\n> 夕御飯が済んで、小さい女中と二人で、油ものは油もの、茶飲み茶碗は茶飲み茶碗と、あれこれと近所の活動写真の話などをしながらかたづけものをして、剪花(きりばな)に水を替えてやっていると、もうその頃はたいてい八時が過ぎている。\n\nThe part that I don't get is [油ものは油もの、茶飲み茶碗は茶飲み茶碗と] and how does it relate to\nthe rest of the sentence.\n\nHow can I look up this grammar point?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-01T06:11:01.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "48537",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"syntax"
],
"title": "A は A、 B は B Please help in parsing this sentence 「油ものは油もの、茶飲み茶碗は茶飲み茶碗と」",
"view_count": 98
} | [
{
"body": "油ものは油もの、茶飲み茶碗は茶飲み茶碗と continues to かたづけものをして.\n\nThis describes washing the dishes, separating 「油もの」 and 「茶飲み茶碗」.\n\nIt's like... 油ものは油もの、茶飲み茶碗は茶飲み茶碗、と(いうふうに) **分けて・別々に** 洗う・片付ける.\n\n（「茶飲み茶碗」は水洗いでいいですが、「油もの」は石けんか洗剤のようなものがないと洗えないので）",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-01T08:04:23.220",
"id": "93570",
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] | 93569 | null | 93570 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93573",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm aware that both can mean 'to remember', but is there a nuance on the usage\nof these words? or are they interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-01T09:53:07.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93572",
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"owner_user_id": "50652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Nuances on the usage of 思い出す vs 覚える",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "There is more than a nuance. They mean two different things.\n\nFirst of all, it’s important to note both are punctual verbs. 思い出す means “to\nrecall” in the sense of bringing something back into one’s mind, and 覚える means\n“to memorize” in the sense of intentionally committing something into one’s\nmemory.\n\nNeither describes the state of remembering something. For that, you need to\nsay 覚えている.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-01T10:55:49.073",
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}
] | 93572 | 93573 | 93573 |
{
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"body": "Which word is better for expression meaning of my adaptation to environment,\nsituation or person, which I don't like, but unable to change situation, stop\nor influence situation in anyway.\n\nFor example, noise from neighbors. Some neighbors have their dog constantly\nbarking. Some neighbors have very noisy washing machine and wash their cloth\nevery evening. Some neighbors watch TV very loudly. Some neighbors ... etc.\n\nWhen I moved to this apartment, all these noises made me sick and ware very\npainful. Any negotiations lead to nothing. I wanted to move next month. But 2\nweeks later, I found that despite all these noises are still there (dog is\nstill barking, washing machine is still working), but they do not make me sick\nand do not make me pain anymore. Of course I prefer there would be no dog nor\nwashing machine noise, but now I do not plan to move to new apartment, just\nbecause of these noises. My body and soul are ADOPTED to situation, which I\nstill cannot influence and change in anyway. Simply speaking, now I can live\nwith that.\n\nIf I want to describe my situation something like this: \n**inside adaptation is better than outside resistance** \nwhich word for adaptation is better 適応 or 同化 or maybe there is some other word\nfor ADAPTATION?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-01T13:48:03.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93574",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"expressions",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "適応 vs 同化 for adaptation",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "Today I finally met the word, which I think the best fits to the situation of\nmy question and this word is:\n\n順応 (じゅんのう)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-06-13T17:32:04.780",
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{
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"body": "In _\" A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar\"_, it says that there are\ncases where _-tachi_ cannot be attached to a noun, as in:\n\n> a. 川本と柴田は大学の教師(*たち)だ。(Kawamoto and Shibata are college professors.)\n>\n> b. 彼には子供(*たち)がある。(He has a child/children.)\n\n\"Except in the above cases, the attachment of the suffix _-tachi_ is\noptional.\"\n\nI assume that the use of _-tachi_ in (a) is improper because the plural is\nevident as is, but why is (b) the case? Is there a nuance to Japanese\npluralizing suffixes apart from just making a noun explicitly plural?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-01T20:17:12.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93576",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-03-01T20:53:12.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "50720",
"owner_user_id": "50720",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"plurals",
"plural-suffixes"
],
"title": "When is it inappropriate to use the pluralizing suffixes -たち, -ら?",
"view_count": 919
} | [
{
"body": "I think the reason たち cannot be used in those sentences is that the words\nbefore it don’t refer to concrete people.\n\n> 川本と柴田は大学の教師だ。 \n> Kawamoto and Shibata are college professors.\n\n川本 and 柴田 are concrete people, of course, but 教師 refers to their status, not\nKawamoto and Shibata themselves. It is an abstract concept.\n\n> 彼には子供がある。 \n> He has a child/children.\n\n子供 in this sentence is also an abstract concept that refers to someone to whom\nyou are a parent, not any concrete child or children.\n\nThe following sentence gets a different meaning.\n\n> 彼には子供たちがいる。 \n> He has his children (to take care of, count on, etc.).\n\n子供たち here is understood as referring to his own children, or children under\nhis care.\n\nThis concreteness becomes more obvious when たち follows a proper name.\n\n> 太郎たちはまだ来ていない。 \n> Taro and others haven’t come yet.\n\nIn this case, たち plays a similar function to “et al.”\n\nMaybe you should stop seeing it as a “pluralizing suffix” and start seeing it\nas a marker that extends what it marks (e.g. 子供) into a larger group of people\nthat includes it.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-02T01:41:35.213",
"id": "93577",
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"score": 9
}
] | 93576 | 93577 | 93577 |
{
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"body": "I came across this sentence while reading a Manga, so here are my questions.\n\n> 本当に詳しい **の** ね\n\n 1. Is this の here is the female speech？\n\n 2. Is のね the same as んですね？\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jmXTR.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-02T03:12:05.013",
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"owner_user_id": "50721",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of の at the end of this sentence?",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "1. Yes, 「詳しいのね」has the same meaning of 「詳しいんだね」or 「詳しいんですね」. The「の」here signifies a kind, caring female. Mothers and protective figures (female) also usually speak like this.\n 2. Yes, 「んですね」is more formal, however.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-04-05T21:42:47.117",
"id": "94018",
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] | 93578 | null | 94018 |
{
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"body": "I am learning Hiragana, and I pulled a couple of charts off the internet to\nuse as study aids. One of them has the line of characters ぢゃ, ぢゅ, and ぢょ, but\nthey are not in the other chart.\n\nAre these characters a mistake? Are they still used? Are they deprecated?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-02T17:31:11.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93580",
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"owner_user_id": "40242",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Are the Hiragana characters ぢゃ, ぢゅ, and ぢょ (still) used?",
"view_count": 1244
} | [
{
"body": "They are possible in [rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku), as a\nresult of voicing ちゃ, ちゅ, ちょ:\n\n * いろ + ちゃや = いろ **ぢゃ** や\n * ぼん + ちょうちん = ぼん **ぢょ** うちん\n\nIn other cases, though, じゃ, じゅ, じょ are normally used for _ja/ju/jo_.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-02T19:30:19.720",
"id": "93583",
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}
] | 93580 | null | 93583 |
{
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"body": "I am attempting to make a name for a character and decided on these 4 kanji.\nMy question is, can this be considered a name in Japanese, if so, how would it\nbe pronounced?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-02T18:54:51.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93581",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"names"
],
"title": "「黄米来夏」 Can this be considered a name?",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "This might be an interesting read for you:\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji> (Note that this list is\nsupplementary, but that there are laws regarding what people can and cannot\nname their children.)\n\nMy dictionary lists 来夏 as being a female name with the pronunciations of こなつ,\nらいか, らいな, and らな. No hits on the first two kanji.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-02T19:09:13.160",
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}
] | 93581 | null | 93582 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My understanding was that よろしく is mainly used to make requests or to thank\nsomeone for but in the following example it seems to be used in a context more\nlike \"In regards too\"\n\n> ローラー作戦 **よろしく**\n> 、地元の刑事にも動員をかけたいところだったが、どこから情報が漏れているのかも分からない状況では、かかわる人数は最低限にしたかった。\n\nJust wondering if that interpretation is correct and if that is another usage\nof よろしく or have I misunderstood its usage.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-02T21:39:51.990",
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"id": "93584",
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"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "40207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Usage of よろしく with a noun?",
"view_count": 442
} | [
{
"body": "It means \"just like a ローラー作戦\".\n\nJisho.org\n\n> Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.), Adverb (fukushi) \n> 3. just like ...; as though one were ... (Usually written using kana\n> alone, as ...よろしく)\n\ndictionary.goo.ne.jp\n\n> ５ 上の内容を受けて、いかにもそれらしく、の意を表す。「喜劇俳優―おどけてみせる」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-02T22:39:47.777",
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}
] | 93584 | 93585 | 93585 |
{
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"body": "Is the 2nd image (one below the google translate) more accurate? Is the のですが\njust completely wrong or?\n\nAlso I know the Google translate is wrong at the end because I accidentally\nhad a new line after \"call\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gbKT1.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-03T02:23:46.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93586",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-03T03:13:31.600",
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"owner_user_id": "41568",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it の or not in this case?",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "Both machine translations are not very natural. I would translate this as:\n\n> I want to call him but I'm sleep so I won't call him tonight.\n>\n> * 彼に電話したい **の** ですが、眠いので今夜はしません。\n> * 彼に電話をしたい **の** ですが、眠いので今晩はやめておきます。\n>\n\nEither way, の before ですが is perfectly natural. This type of の is called\n[explanatory-の](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/explanatory-\nnoda/), and it's perfectly natural to use it to set up a context, as in your\nsentence. See the \"preliminary remarks\" section in the linked article. See\nalso: [What is the meaning of\n～んです/～のだ/etc?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010)\n\nBesides, you need a contrastive-は after 今夜/今晩. This is something easily\nforgotten by English speakers, but it's important.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-03T03:13:31.600",
"id": "93587",
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] | 93586 | null | 93587 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93590",
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"body": "「とを」はどういう意味でしょうか。タイポですか？\n\nIn this short story, the narrator is describing the moment he first fell in\nlove, and how it helped him remember why he has the habit of staring at\npeople’s faces (the reason being he developed that habit while living with his\nblind grandfather, hence the reference to 祖父の記憶). The phrase comes from the\nlast sentence of the story.\n\nContext: 私は笑った。娘に親しみが急に加わったような気がした。娘と祖父の記憶とを連れて、砂浜の日向へ出てみたくなった。 \nSource: 「日向」（p26; 川端康成の掌の小説；新潮文庫）",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-03T05:07:02.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93588",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-03T06:47:36.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "50286",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"literature"
],
"title": "「娘と祖父の記憶とを連れて」の「とを」はどう言う意味",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "As Jimmy Yang commented, the second と can be omitted (and is usually omitted),\nand the phrase can be written as\n\n> .. 娘と祖父の記憶を連れて、..\n\nHowever, in this particular case, there is a slight chance that a reader would\nparse the sentence without the second と,\n\n> 娘と祖父の記憶を連れて、砂浜の日向へ出てみたくなった。\n\ndown to the structure\n\n * 娘と（いっしょに、）A してみたくなった。 \n * where A is 祖父の記憶を連れて、砂浜の日向へ出る。\n\nwhich could be interpreted as\n\n> 娘と私がともに祖父の記憶を思い返している状態で、いっしょに砂浜の日向へ出てみたくなった。\n\nI guess that the preceding context would exclude this possibility (e.g., the\ndaughter and the narrator must share the same memory of the grand father for\nthis interpretation to be valid), but in any way the original text clearly\nexpresses that 娘 and 祖父の記憶 are two parallel objects that the narrator wants to\nbring with him or her to the sunny beach.\n\nI haven't read the source text.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-03T06:47:36.207",
"id": "93590",
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] | 93588 | 93590 | 93590 |
{
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"body": "Is it acceptable to use「来夏」as a boy's name? I am currently making a character\nand am still choosing a name. Can this name be read as らいが? If so, would it\nmake this name more masculine?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-03T05:18:10.250",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"names"
],
"title": "「来夏」Can I use this for a boy's name?",
"view_count": 404
} | [
{
"body": "The answer will depend on what you want.\n\nYou can use the name with reading らいが. It would sound definitely uncommon, and\nreading 夏 as が should be a deviation which looks somehow acceptable (to me).\nらいが itself does sound masculine, so if it is just a name of a fictional\ncharacter, I suppose you can go ahead.\n\nNote that currently reading is not part of a name when registering a child\n(unless it is in hiragana/katakana). You can choose whatever combination of\nkanjis listed in the set of characters for names, and decide arbitrarily its\nreading. The name 来夏 with reading らいが looks irregular but not entirely\nimpossible in this sense. ([The rule may be changed in near\nfuture.](https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/130109))\n\nOn the other hand, if you want something that sounds/looks like a common name,\nthe answer is simply no.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-03T12:22:50.033",
"id": "93593",
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{
"body": "Yes, you can go. Parents name their children unique year by year in Japan. It\nis called\n[キラキラネーム](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0).\nIn the news on TV: [『人と同じは嫌？“キラキラネーム”どこまで認める…「毎回名前を発明」する日本人\n戸籍に読み仮名で変化は』](https://www.fnn.jp/articles/-/376217), they say it is okay to\ninvent name as you like unless it sounds too weird like \"[悪魔]{あくま}\" which\nmeans \"a devil\" in Japanese.\n\n[来夏]{らいが} should be okay in general for girls' name. It may sound for\nprofessional female wrestlers in the past like 80s though it should be alright\nif you do not use the each kanji for masculine stuff a lot.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-07-31T15:16:08.373",
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] | 93589 | null | 93593 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "94020",
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"body": "In the given audio <https://voca.ro/135zSkjYsgDP> the girl is saying もう直ちゃん言い方\nto 直ちゃん. It is about the 05:49 mark from 聲の形 if you watch it from the Bluray.\n\nIf I understand correctly the ちゃん shouldnt affect anything in this case:\n[Pitch Accent for\nHonorifics](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/71942/pitch-accent-\nfor-honorifics).\n\nI can't for the life of me hear whether this is atamadaka or heiban. I can\nconvince myself it is both, so I'm wondering what people with trained ears\nhear this as. I know the audio is short, sorry about that.",
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"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"names",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "How do you pronounce the name 直",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "It's atamadaka - sounds like なおちゃん{HLLLL}.",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 93591 | 94020 | 94020 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93598",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I’ve found in a few dictionaries,「狡い」has a negative meaning, like\n“crafty, sly”, and also “unfair” (In Jp-Jp, it appears related to negative\nactions like ごまかす). However, in this short story, such a meaning doesn’t make\nsense to me. Can the word have a different nuance, or a neutral/positive\nmeaning?\n\nIn this short story, the narrator is describing how he first fell in love.\nBecause he was staring at her face, she became embarrassed. I include the\ncontext below.\n\n> 娘がまた言った。 \n> 「慣れてるんですけど、少し恥ずかしいわ。」 \n> その声は、相手の視線を自分の顔に戻してもいいと言う意味を含ませているように聞こえた。娘は悪い素振りを見せたと、さっきから思っていたらしかった。 \n> 明るい顔で、私は娘を見た。娘はちょっと赤くなってから、狡そうな眼をしてみせて、\n> 「私の顔なんか、今に毎日毎晩で珍しくなくなるんですから、安心ね。」と幼いことを言った。\n\nSource: 「日向」（川端康成の掌の小説；新潮文庫）",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-03T20:39:47.333",
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"owner_user_id": "50286",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"literature"
],
"title": "「狡そうな眼」は悪くない意味もありますか",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "Interestingly, the most common contexts which I often hear this word in are\njust about all positive. This short story was written some half a century ago,\nbut I think the usage stays the same. It tells us the girl is playful and\npossibly teasing.\n\n> 狡そうな眼をしてみせて\n\nAnd she is doing such a face and showing her cunning eyes on purpose!\n\nずるい is very commonly used between people romantically involved, as in . 川端's\ntext. It is just something that could sound very flirtatious in the right\ncontext. Read [this](https://ananweb.jp/anan/308427/):\n\n> >\n> 「彼女と付き合う前のデート。日も暮れていい雰囲気になってきたので、隙を見て抱き寄せ、キスをしました。すると彼女は一度離れ、照れたような顔をして、“ズルい”と言ったんです。一瞬ダメだったかな……と思ったんですが、彼女はまんざらでもない様子だったので、思いっきり抱き付きました」アツシ（仮名）／30歳\n>\n> **この場合、「ズルい」という言葉にネガティブな意味はありません。むしろ、キスに対する感想としては最高の言葉かもしれません。**\n> 照れたような表情も加えることで、男性をさらにドキッとさせる効果があるようです。\n\nThis is probably a little personal but there was a period of time when I was\ntold that I was 「ずるい」 almost on a daily basis, and it made my heart sing every\ntime I heard it. Well, happy memories of days gone by.\n\nWell, just for context and comparison, \"sly\" isn't necessarily a bad thing to\nsay about someone; it is often employed to describe someone as showing signs\nof being adorably clever or withholding secrets. This is [David\nThomson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Thomson_\\(film_critic\\)) speaking\nof [Nicole Kidman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Kidman)\n\n> and Batman Forever, where she played a shrink, Dr. Chase Meridian, and did\n> pretty well being **cute and sly** in a franchise film where the heavy\n> lifting and the big money were kept for Val Kilmer, Tommy Lee Jones, and Jim\n> Carrey.",
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] | 93594 | 93598 | 93598 |
{
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"body": "I'm writing a piece in which a man tells a girl who he has just rescued from\nthe rubble of a house to follow him. Right now, I just have him saying,\n“Come,” but I wonder if there's something idiomatic that I can render as\nEnglish (or even a mix of Japanese and English, like the Japanglish “Smith-\n_san_.”\n\n_Edited to make this not a translation request_ : I'm thinking he might\naddress her as 妹ちゃん (which I would render as sister- _chan_ or little sister)\nperhaps? Or is there a stand-alone form for ちゃん that he would use?",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-03T21:03:09.817",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Addressing a female child whose name you do not know?",
"view_count": 186
} | [] | 93595 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm self-learning Japanese, and I usually struggle with the grammar. Because\nEnglish is my first language, I was wondering how you would say \"I speak\nJapanese but it's not my first language\". Does 日本語を話せます、でも私の第一言語ありません sound\ncorrect?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-03T21:33:02.170",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"I speak Japanese but it's not my first language\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 1470
} | [
{
"body": "I would use [母(国)語]{ぼ・こく・ご} (\"native language\"). Sounds more natural.\n\n> 日本語が話せますけど、母(国)語ではありません",
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] | 93596 | null | 93597 |
{
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"body": "If I want to say: \"You should read the book. The story is more fleshed out\",\ncan I say\n\n> 本を読んだほうがいいです。話はより肉付けされるんです。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say 'fleshed out' as in 'complete'",
"view_count": 108
} | [
{
"body": "You are almost correct. Just change 「肉付けされる」to「肉付けされている」for grammar.\n「される」implies that the story will be more fleshed out (as in it is not fleshed\nout now). 「されている」fixes this.",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 93601 | 94019 | 94019 |
{
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"body": "For example, \"5 * 10^80\" would be said as \"5 times 10 to the power of 80\" in\nEnglish. When translating to Japanese, would I translate all of these\noperations literally or is there a more widely used idiom like \"5 followed by\n80 zeroes\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-04T15:16:05.343",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"numbers",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "How do you read out numbers in scientific notation in Japanese?",
"view_count": 867
} | [
{
"body": "> 5 * 10^80\n\nI think it's read 「ごかけるじゅうのはちじゅうじょう」.\n\n5×10⁸⁰ -- [5]{ご} [×]{かける} [10]{じゅう} の [⁸⁰]{はちじゅうじょう} （5[掛]{か}ける10の80[乗]{じょう}）",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-04T22:12:19.223",
"id": "93605",
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"body": "In addition to a scientific notation by Chocolate, we use [無量大数]{むりょうたいすう} for\nsuch a large power. In [Japanese numeral\nsystem](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95), we\nnormally remember up to [兆]{ちょう} of 10^12. Normally we expect to pack such a\nhuge power as an unit like \"mol\" as an avogadro constant. So, we do not\nnormally count it like 無量大数. And in the context of mathematics, we use \"log\"\nfor it.\n\nThe table for 無量大数.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TJqkq.png)\n\nThe table for numeral system. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7RVKv.png)",
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] | 93602 | null | 93605 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93606",
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"body": "From prologue of 義妹生活 novel\n\n>\n> ...ひとえに親父が「元気」だったから。よくもまああんな目に遭いながら再婚なんてする気になったと、心の底から尊敬する。物心ついたときから喧嘩ばかりの両親を見て育ってきた俺は、親父に離婚すると聞かされたときはそりゃそうだろうなと思ったし、自分の甲斐性の無さのせいだと頭を下げられたときは、いやいや母親の浮気が原因って知ってる\n> **しと冷めた気持ちで聞いていた** 。\n\nI understand that this し is reason marker and と is quotative but I struggle to\nunderstand the rest of the sentence. I think this part can be rewritten as\n\n> 自分の甲斐性の無さのせいだと頭を下げられたときは、「いやいや母親の浮気が原因って知ってる\n> **し気にしないでくれ!」と言って、親父の言うことを冷めた気持ちで聞いていた。**\n\nIs that right?\n\nEdit:\n\nBased on @EddieKal comments, it seems to me that という sometimes gets shortened\nto と when placed before 気持ち. Does it apply to other nouns? What is the\ndifference between と and という in this context?",
"comment_count": 7,
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"owner_user_id": "41067",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Help understanding sentence with と",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "This is a quotative-と with implied **思って/考えながら** , etc. (But not 言って; you\ncannot say something while listening...)\n\n> いやいや母親の浮気が原因って知ってるしと冷めた気持ちで聞いていた。 \n> I was listening (to dad's apology) with a turned-off/sober mind, (secretly)\n> thinking \"No, I know it was because of my mother's cheating\".\n\n気にしないでくれ is not implied. He just _thought_ this. He doesn't seem to be willing\nto support either of his parents anyway.",
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] | 93603 | 93606 | 93606 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93611",
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"body": ">\n> シェア型【がた】本屋【ほんや】では、棚主【たなぬし】は自分【じぶん】で本を持【も】ってこないといけないし、店番【みせばん】だってある([source](https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASPD45RT6PCVUTIL023.html?iref=comtop_Culture_04)) \n> _In a shared bookstore, the shelf owners have to bring their own books, and\n> they also have to guard the store._\n\nThe idea of a \"shelf owner\" is a concept too new for dictionaries, apparently.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-05T07:56:12.793",
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"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"neologism"
],
"title": "Is the reading of 棚主【たなぬし】 or perhaps 棚主【ほうしゅ】?",
"view_count": 81
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{
"body": "I think most people would read this as たなぬし using the kun-reading. The biggest\nreason is simply because the on-reading of 棚 is little-known.\n\nI also feel たなしゅ is unlikely. Among the words that end with 主 meaning _owner_\n, there are kun-kun compounds (宿主【やどぬし】, 生主【なまぬし】, 家主【やぬし】), on-kun compounds\n(馬主【ばぬし】), and on-on compounds (店主【てんしゅ】, 社主【しゃしゅ】), but I cannot think of\nkun-on ones.",
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] | 93608 | 93611 | 93611 |
{
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"body": "Here's the text source: <https://www.pixiv.net/novel/show.php?id=15490639>.\n\n> …ん、君今日はちゃんと来たんだ 昨日は、どうしたの？ 風邪引いてたの？ふーん、そっか\n>\n> ちゃんと治ったの？\n>\n> ならよかった...って、なんでそんなに驚いた顔してるの？\n>\n> ...？ **私が君の心配したらダメなの** ？\n\nI think it is 私 that is the subject of both 心配したら and ダメ, but what is this\n君の心配 meant to be? I think it means to worry _about_ 君 (like \"Don't worry about\nME\") but how is this の particle used if it doesn't have the \"possession\nmeaning\" (like 君's or [of 君] I mean)",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"parsing"
],
"title": "How should I understand 君の心配したらダメなの？",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "Depending on the context, 君の心配 can mean either \"someone's anxiety regarding\nyou\" or \"your anxiety (about something)\". In this context, it refers to the\nformer. の is a multi-purpose noun-linking particle, and the possessive meaning\nis just one of the functions.\n\n> 私が君の心配したらダメなの？ \n> Is it bad if I worry about you?\n\nSimilarly, 彼の手伝い can mean both \"someone's help about him\" and \"his help\",\ndepending on the context. 彼の話 can mean both \"the story about him\" and \"his\nstory (about something)\".\n\nThe subject of ダメ is not 私 but the described situation itself. You can\nrephrase the sentence verbosely like this:\n\n> 私が君の心配したら、 **それ** はダメなの？ \n> If I worry about you, is **it** bad?\n\nBut this それ(は) is normally omitted in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-05T10:00:45.097",
"id": "93610",
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] | 93609 | 93610 | 93610 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [animesonglyrics](https://www.animesonglyrics.com/gotoubun-no-\nhanayome/gotoubun-no-kimochi), you can see in the season 1 opening (Gotoubun\nno Kimochi) for the anime adaptation of [The Quintessential\nQuintuplets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quintessential_Quintuplets)\n\n 1. the Romaji: Go-tōbundesu, demo (...) --> the Kanji of which I think is: 五等分です, でも (...)\n 2. the English: It reaches, but (...)\n 3. the Kanji: 届くんです, でも (...) --> the Romaji of which I think is: Todokundesu, demo (...)\n\nsource: <https://www.animesonglyrics.com/gotoubun-no-hanayome/gotoubun-no-\nkimochi>\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RiOTx.png)\n\nIt seems the English and the Kanji match, but they are both different from the\nromaji.\n\nNow, in a live performance [here](https://youtu.be/_g7geUDY1ts?t=69), you can\nsee the actress/singer Inori Minase holds up 5 fingers when singing this line,\nsooo...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KYdZc.png)\n\n 1. I guess the Romaji is correct, while the English and Kanji are wrong?\n\n 2. But it's a mondegreen, i.e. it's understandable to mishear Go-tōbun (五等分) as 届く (Todoku)?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-05T10:52:16.377",
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"id": "93612",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"song-lyrics",
"music",
"song"
],
"title": "The Quintessential Quintuplets (aka 五等分の花嫁) : Is 届くんです (it reaches) a mondegreen that should be 五等分です (It's divided into five equal parts)?",
"view_count": 355
} | [
{
"body": "Different sources list it as 五等分. For example search up 五等分の気持ち 歌詞. Like this\none <https://utaten.com/lyric/mi19011506/>. Many sources says it's 五等分. The\nlyrics on animesonglyrics I think might be wrong here, maybe the contributors\nof the site misheard it. Then someone who translated from the Japanese also\ntranslated it as \"It reaches\" to english.\n\nBut nonetheless, weird how the romaji keeps it as 五等分.\n\nAs for how one can mishear 五等分です as 届くんです, I can't say. Hopefully someone else\ncan answer that.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-05T12:24:09.887",
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] | 93612 | 93614 | 93614 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93620",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From 義妹生活 - １話, 綾瀬 was suspicious about 浅村. She wondered if his family always\nkeep their house clean, their dialogue went like this\n\n> 「普段からここまで綺麗にしてるの？」\n>\n> 「そりゃあもちろん。塵ひとつ残さず殲滅せよ、ってのが浅村家の家訓なので」\n>\n> 「なんだか物騒な家訓だね」\n>\n> 嘘は言ってない。田舎の祖母 **あたり** が先祖にあたる戦国武将の言葉だと吹聴していた。十中八九嘘だろうなと思いながらもニコニコ聞いてた記憶がある。\n\nI kinda get the general idea of the last line but I'm not sure what nuance 辺り\nadds after person. Does it imply that 浅村 isn't exactly sure who did 吹聴 and\nbelieves it was his 田舎の祖母.\n\nAlso, 田舎の祖母 is the one who is doing ニコニコ, right?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-05T22:44:19.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93618",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does person+あたり mean?",
"view_count": 849
} | [
{
"body": "This あたり is thus defined\n([デジタル大辞泉（小学館）](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%82%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A/)):\n\n> 場所・時・人・事柄・数量などをはっきり示さずに、婉曲に言い表す語。多く、名詞の下に付いて接尾語的に用いる。 \n> ㋒たとえば…など。「部長にかみつく―、けっこう気が強い」「山田君―に代わってもらおう」\n\nIt means the noun preceding it only gives us one example among many more. Just\nto give another example where the listing sense is more obvious:\n\n> 鶴田さん、小鹿さん、螢田さんあたりはかなりカリカリしていたが...\n> (『[我が愛しの20世紀全日本プロレス史](https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E6%88%91%E3%81%8C%E6%84%9B%E3%81%97%E3%81%AE20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%85%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD/e_v5IwBfqnkC)』)\n\n> 田舎の祖母あたりが先祖にあたる戦国武将の言葉だと吹聴していた。\n\nThus means:\n\n> Some people (in the family) **like** (my) grandmother who lived in the\n> countryside used to say that was a saying passed down from an ancestor, (who\n> was) a samurai commander in the Warring States period.\n\nニコニコ聞いてた talks about the narrator, not 田舎の祖母\n\n> 十中八九嘘だろうなと思いながらもニコニコ聞いてた記憶がある。 \n> (I) remember thinking it was most likely bragging and not taking it\n> seriously.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-05T23:29:46.350",
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] | 93618 | 93620 | 93620 |
{
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"body": "So, often I see こと being used at the end of sentences like\n\n> 「私の最後の希望はあなたと共に死ねることなのに」\n\n> 「それは僕の生命を吸い取るために 僕の全身を凍らせていないことだ」\n\nIs this like how in English you normally would say \"My aim is ーーー\" and you\nwould use a verb in gerund form like \"living there\" (although to live there\nwould be ok too)? So because 希望 is a noun what 希望 is should be a noun too,\ntherefore 「死ねること」is like \"My hope is _dying_ with you\", right?\n\nShould the second phrase be understood as:\n\n> それは•••全身を凍らせていないことだ \n> That is... not _freezing_ my whole body\n\nWould this phrases make sense without こと?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-05T23:03:04.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93619",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-03-06T01:35:17.117",
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"owner_user_id": "50745",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "Why is こと used at the end of this kind of sentences?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "Your understanding is basically correct, this こと is a nominalizer, something\nthat turns a verb into a noun. You need a noun before だ, なのに, etc.\n\n * [What is the difference between the nominalizers こと and の?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1395/5010)\n * Wasabi - [Nominalizers: こと and の](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/nominalizers-koto-and-no/)\n\nBut note that 死ねる is the potential form of 死ぬ. Thus 死ぬこと is \"dying\" but 死ねること\nis \"being able to die\". Likewise, 凍らせていない is negative -teiru form. 凍らせないこと is\n\"not freezing\" but 凍らせていないこと is \"having not frozen\".\n\n> 私の最後の希望はあなたと共に死ねることなのに \n> My last hope is being able to die with you, but...\n>\n> それは僕の生命を吸い取るために 僕の全身を凍らせていないことだ \n> It is that [something/someone] has not frozen my whole body in order to\n> absorb my life.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-06T01:46:06.763",
"id": "93621",
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] | 93619 | null | 93621 |
{
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"body": "いと's [definition](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8):\n\n> ①大変。非常に。▽程度が **はなはだしい** 。 \n> **②〔下に打消の語を伴って〕それほど。たいして。**\n\nいたう (いたく)'s\n[definition](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8F):\n\n> ① **はなはだしく** 。ひどく。 \n> ②うまく。 \n> **③〔下に打消の語を伴って〕それほど。たいして。**\n\nOne context which I encountered both words in is from 源氏物語『若紫』\n\n> 日も **いと** 長きにつれづれなれば、夕暮れの **いたう** 霞みたるにまぎれて、かの小柴垣のもとに立ち出で給ふ。\n\nWhere いと seems to translate as たいそう in modern Japanese, while いたう becomes ひどく.\nSo いと positive and いたう negative?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-06T05:55:03.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93622",
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"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "How are いと and いたう different in 文語?",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "This is from [古語大鑑](http://www.utp.or.jp/book/b306353.html) (relevant entries:\nいた、いたし、いと).\n\n 1. いたく is 連用形 of いたし, which is いた+し.\n 2. For いたし, the dictionary says:\n\n>\n> [上代](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%BB%A3)に副詞的に用いられた「いた（甚）」に活用語尾「し」のついた形。本来は「程度が甚だしい」の意で、良い意味にも悪い意味にも用いたが、後世には悪い意味が中心となった。\n\n 3. For いた（甚・痛）, it says:\n\n>\n> 副詞「いと」は「いた」の母音交替型とする説があるが、平安時代には「いたし」が「平平平軽」、「いと」が「上平」と第一音節が一致せず(*)、同源の語とは確認できない。\n\n*This is talking about tones.\n\n 4. For いと（最・甚）, it says:\n\n> 「いと」は形容的語義を持つ語を、（..)「いたく」は動作的語義を持つ語をそれぞれ修飾するという機能分担があったとされる。\n\nSo judging from these, both are originally neutral but いたく is often negative\nin more recent texts. And the last distinction matches your example.",
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"creation_date": "2022-04-05T04:10:07.200",
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] | 93622 | null | 94005 |
{
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"body": "In Attack on Titan, Survey Corps Japanese name is (Chōsa Heidan) (調査兵団)\n\nChōsa (調査) means \"Survey\" and Heidan (兵団) means \"Army Corps'\n\nMy question is why are Heidan written directly after Chōsa without a \"の\"\nrelating them to each other.\n\nTo be like (Corps of Survey). I know there's something in English Grammar\ncalled Noun Adjunct or Noun Modifier. Which is simply a noun acting as an\nadjective modifying another noun. Is it the case here or something alike?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-06T09:04:29.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93624",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "50749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の",
"manga",
"anime"
],
"title": "\"no\" in \"Chōsa Heidan\" - Shingeki no Kyojin",
"view_count": 103
} | [] | 93624 | null | null |
{
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"body": "I'm wondering what the pitch of the はららか in is:\n\n> **はららか** に流す涙のように頬を撫でていった\n\nIf I'm not dumb, the definition is:\n\n> 静かに、はらはらと鳴る音を表わす\n> (<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AF%E3%82%89%E3%82%89%E3%81%8B-2075765>)\n\nHowever, I couldn't find anything else about it like pitch. However, it popped\nup in a song\n[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxD9zU9jevo&ab_channel=%E3%82%81%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxD9zU9jevo&ab_channel=%E3%82%81%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B).\nIf you follow the link, the line is at 01:55.\n\nI know that the pitch can change of words especially in pop songs.\n\nMy question is if the pitch for \"はららか\" in the song is also the same for daily\nspeech (I couldn't find it in the dictionary, nor anyone pronouncing it on\nForvo)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-06T13:50:39.737",
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"tags": [
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "The pitch of はららか",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "はららか would be pronounced はららか{LHLL} (similar to うららか{LHLL}、きららか{LHLL} etc).\n\nIt’s a bit hard to say if the song matches it but it seems like it mostly does\nto me.\n\nBut pitch in songs generally ignores pitch accent over half of the time\n(except in rap which tends to be a little closer to speech) so it’s a bit\nfruitless to try and learn pitch accent from songs.",
"comment_count": 0,
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] | 93625 | 93628 | 93628 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference between 記憶 and 記憶力? I guess latter is more like 'power\nof recollection'. Are both the following sentences equally natural?\n\n> 彼は記憶力がいい。 \n> 彼は記憶がいい。 \n> He has a good memory.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-06T15:53:29.910",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 記憶 and 記憶力",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "記憶 refers to memory in the sense of remembered things, whereas 記憶力 refers to\nthe ability to remember things.\n\nIf \"He has a good memory\" means \"He is good at remembering things\", 彼は記憶力がいい\nis the only natural choice. If the sentence means \"He remembers some good\nthing (e.g. about this place)\", it would be 彼には(この場所について)いい記憶がある or\n彼にはいい思い出がある. If the sentence means \"He owns a good (USB) memory\", it would be\n彼はいい(USB)メモリを持っている.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-06T16:02:38.693",
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] | 93626 | 93627 | 93627 |
{
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"body": "I recently learnt the contrastive usages of the は particle and I read the\n[Tofogu article](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/particle-wa/#with--\nadjectives) which has an interesting section which says I can use は contrast\nmarker with the adjectives/nouns positive and negative form. But the article\nis not detailed enough for me to understand exactly what's going on. Here are\nsome example:\n\n**い-adjective:**\n\n_positive form pattern_ : く-form of い-adjective + は + ある\n\n> **難{むずか}しくはある** けど、おもしろい。\n\n_negative form pattern_ : く-form of い-adjective + は + ない / ありません\n\n> **難{むずか}しくはない** けど、ただ時間{じかん}がかかる。\n\n**な-adjective/noun:**\n\n_negative form pattern_ : noun + では + ない / ありません\n\n> **有名{ゆうめい}ではない** が、人気{にんき}はある。\n\nMy first questions are:\n\n 1. **What is the positive form in the case of な-adjective/noun?** Something like that: noun + は + ある?\n 2. **Can the word with くはある / くはない only be in the end of the sentence/subsentence?** So is the following sentence incorrect?:\n\n> 可愛く **は** ない猫です。\n\nCurrently I interpret this は usage in the following way based on these\nexamples and the article:\n\nThe は particle (in these cases) expresses: the statement does not 100% cover\nthe situation/speaker's opinion because there is something else too. The\ndifference between positive and the negative form is the following:\n\n * When the positive form (くはある) has been used then we express the statement covers between 50 and 100% the situation/speaker's opinion.\n * When the negative form (くはない) has been used then we express the statement covers between 0 and 50% the situation/speaker's opinion.\n\nSo my next question:\n\n 3. **Is my interpretation correct?**\n\nBecause I'm not sure. Here one answer under the [Why does 悪く(は)ない give a\ncondescending\nfeeling?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57957/why-\ndoes-%E6%82%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-give-a-condescending-\nfeeling) question says:\n\n> When native speakers such as myself say 「悪く(は)ない。」, they often imply that\n> the object of the discussion is **not too good**. ... English-speakers\n> seemed to often say \"not bad\" in situations where they clearly meant to say\n> \"pretty good\". I am not saying that this usage of 「悪く(は)ない」 never occurs in\n> Japanese, but I can assure you that it is rarer in Japanese.\n\nWhich is contrary to my conclusion. Because the common interpretation\nof「悪く(は)ない」is mostly (50%-100%) bad and not lessly (0%-50%) bad. So:\n\n 4. **Is the「悪く(は)ない」 an exception when we interpret くはない? If not then what is the differences between くはある and くはない?**",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-06T17:12:31.597",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"particle-は",
"adjectives",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What are the proper usages and the meaning of くはある / くはない?",
"view_count": 242
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. What is the positive form in the case of な-adjective/noun?\n>\n\nではある. And when do you see it used? When there's a need to foreground **a sense\nof contrast**.\n\n>\n> 彼は確かに利口ではあるが、冷淡でもある。([source](https://nihongomaster.com/japanese/dictionary/word/103550/dehaaru)) \n> He is clever, **no doubt** , but he is cold, too.\n\n> 本日台風ではありますが営業しております。([source](https://www.quora.com/What-is-deha-\n> arimasu-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99)) \n> Today there is **indeed** typhoon but our shop is still open.\n\nOf course you can leave out the second half of the sentence while still\nkeeping the sense of contrast:\n\n> 本日台風ではありますが。\n\n* * *\n\n> 2. Can the word with くはある / くはない only be in the end of the\n> sentence/subsentence?\n>\n\nAllow me to rephrase your question for you. You are essentially asking: can は\nbe inserted in relative clauses? Namely, you have seen は used in predicative\nphrases, and you wonder if it can be inserted in an attributive phrases,\nright?\n\nSo in such a sentence, the contrastive は occurs predicatively:\n\n> あの問題は難しくはなかった\n\nAnd you are fine with it. Now you are wondering what happens in an attributive\nphrase modifying a noun in a relative clause. The answer is affirmative, too.\nYes, it does occur.\n\n> 難しくはない問題だが「直線に関する対称点」の処理ができたかどうかがカギ。([source](https://kaisoku.kawai-\n> juku.ac.jp/nyushi/honshi/21/ho1-22c.pdf)) \n> It's not a difficult question, but whether the student can figure out the\n> point of symmetry relative to the line is key.\n\nYou probably have read/been told that は can't be used in relative clauses. For\nexamples two answers ([this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/30454)\nand [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43517/%E3%81%AF-\nvs-%E3%81%8C-in-%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AF%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%95%E3%81%84/43519#43519))\nfrom two of the most prolific and knowledgeable contributors both tell you not\nto use は in relative clauses. But there's an exception: when it's the\n**contrastive は** as opposed to the topic marking は. This is actually\nexplained in that Tofugu article you cite, and I'd like you to take a look at\n[this part](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/particle-wa/#in-relative-\nclauses):\n\n> **は IN RELATIVE CLAUSES**\n>\n> Since it's also possible to use の in relative clauses, there are three\n> possible ways to render a sentence like \"I was accepted by the school that\n> Jenny failed to get into.\"\n>\n> ジェニーの落ちた学校に私は受かった。 \n> ジェニーが落ちた学校に私は受かった。 \n> ジェニーは落ちた学校に私は受かった。\n>\n> However, it's worth noting that は can only be used in this way if there is\n> some kind of contrast implied, like in the sentences above. It the relative\n> clause is simply describing the noun, with no nuance of contrast, only の and\n> が can be used:\n>\n> ジェニーの落ちた学校に私も落ちた。 \n> ジェニーが落ちた学校に私も落ちた。 \n> ❌ ジェニーは落ちた学校に私も落ちた。\n\n* * *\n\n> 3. Is my interpretation correct?\n>\n\nNo, not really. There's no such difference between affirmative and negative\nphrases. Again, the key is contrast. When は is used this way, the\nspeaker/writer is trying to show contrast.\n\n* * *\n\n> 4. Is the「悪く(は)ない」 an exception when we interpret くはない? If not then what\n> is the differences between くはある and くはない?\n>\n\nNo, I don't think so.",
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{
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"body": "I'm not certain what purpose も is serving here. I've seen its usage as \"also,\"\netc. but I am not certain if it is being used in the same manner here or being\nused with a different meaning.\n\n> 「きょうはやめだ。明日からもハードだろうしな。帰って寝る」 \n> 夜中の二時を過ぎたころ、彼は道子に宣言した。あくびをかみ殺して、狭苦しい運転席で伸びをする. \n> 「そうか」 \n> 道子 **も** 特に反対はしなかった.もともと口数が多い娘ではなかったが、二四時を回ったころから極端に無口になっている。\n\nWhich according to another source should roughly translate as\n\n> 「Let’s stop here for today. Tomorrow’s probably gonna be a pain. I just\n> wanna go home and sleep for once.」 \n> It was already past two in the morning. He said as such to Michiko. Holding\n> back a yawn, he stretched out from the all-too-cramped driver’s seat. \n> \"Is that so?\" \n> Michiko remained indifferent. She had not been an especially talkative\n> girl, but a full day of making the rounds had left her deathly silent.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-06T21:15:17.273",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"sentence",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What is も purpose here?",
"view_count": 188
} | [
{
"body": "This も means \"also\". The word indicates similarity.\n\nIn this sentence,\n\n> 道子も特に反対はしなかった.\n\nも fits appropriately because the thought of Michiko is similar to that of the\nguy. In other words, Michiko basically agreed with the guy that they go home\nnow.\n\nIn the quoted text,\n\n> 「そうか」\n\nmeans an acknowldgement of what the other person said, like 'O.K.', 'alright',\netc.\n\n> 道子も特に反対はしなかった.\n\nmeans that Michiko did not particularly voice her disagreement.\n\nI think も can be used even when two things are not exactly and literally the\nsame but only similar in a broad sense. For example, I can think of the\nfollowing description\n\n> AとBは週末の旅行について話していたが、話に区切りがついた。 Aは、机に向かって日本語の勉強を始めた。 B **も** 、数学の問題にもどった。\n\nwhich means\n\n> A and B were talking about their trip planned on that weekend, and they came\n> to a conclusion. A started studying Japanese language on his desk. B also\n> got back to his mathematics problem.\n\nHere A and B are now doing different things, but there is similarity that they\nstarted to do their own things.",
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{
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"body": "> 別に迷惑 **だ** なんて\n\nWhat kind of difference in meaning or nuances does this だ impart to such an\nutterance?\n\nExamples with だ:\n\n>\n> 電車から車椅子が降りる時や、車椅子が階段昇降機を使う時に、駅員さんの「ご迷惑をおかけしまーす」という掛け声が聞こえてくるけど、別に迷惑だなんて思ってないから、「ご協力お願いしまーす」程度にしてもらった方がいいかなーて。自分が通る度に「迷惑」て言われたくないだろうなーと思いました。([source](https://twitter.com/mugi1208/status/946166378561540096))\n\n> 「それはもちろん……私のせいで九条さんに迷惑をかけてしまったからです」 \n> 彼女の表情はやけに暗かった。 \n> 後半になるほど小さくなっていくその声に、焦りや恐怖といった感情が含まれているのを感じる。 \n>\n> 「別に迷惑だなんて思ってない」([source](https://kakuyomu.jp/works/1177354054897357912/episodes/1177354055114003960))\n\n> 「今日は、色々迷惑かけてごめんね。」 \n> 最後、と思って傾けても何も出なかったので全部飲んだことを悟り缶を握り潰す。 \n> 見たらお姫様の顔はまた先程のように何かを考えているようだ。 \n> ……どうしたんだ？ \n> 『別に、迷惑だなんて思ってないよ。』([source](https://www.berrys-\n> cafe.jp/pc/book/n1493514/199/))\n\n> 「おはようございます。一か月、迷惑かけてすみませんでした……って、あれ、真瀬さん一人？」 \n> 栞が声をかけると、資料に埋もれていた遥が顔を上げた。 \n> 目の下にはくっきりとクマができている。 \n> 「ああ、別に迷惑だなんて思ってないから気にするな」([source](https://www.berrys-\n> cafe.jp/pc/book/n1477227/35/))\n\n> 「謝るな」 \n> 「だって……お兄ちゃんに迷惑かけちゃったから」 \n>\n> 「……別に、迷惑だなんて言ってない」([source](https://www.alphapolis.co.jp/novel/143044857/821597506/episode/5366018))\n\n>\n> どうしてそんなに泣きそうな顔するの…？別に迷惑だなんて思ってない。([source](https://www.alphapolis.co.jp/novel/626198736/959213939/episode/3783455))\n\nだ-less examples:\n\n>\n> 「あ、あと別に迷惑なんて思ってないからね！むしろこっちが……」([source](https://twitter.com/atchley371/status/755964788941975552))\n\n>\n> 別に迷惑なんてかかってませんぜ([source](https://twitter.com/Ideal_DRAQUE/status/1240087004911550465))\n\n>\n> 別に迷惑なんて思ってねぇのによ。まぁ、一つ迷惑としたら、お前が来ない事だ。([source](https://commu.nosv.org/bbs/haruki/1215650))\n\n>\n> 別に迷惑なんてことはありませんよ([source](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13207348378))\n\n> あ、昨日はお疲れさまでした。私は別に迷惑なんてかかってないですよ\n> DPSですし・・・([source](https://na.finalfantasyxiv.com/lodestone/character/5253941/blog/1245252/?order=2))\n\n> 「海星君、ごめん。何か色々迷惑かけちゃって」 \n> 「別に迷惑なんてかけられてねぇよ。つーか……――」([source](https://www.berrys-\n> cafe.jp/pc/book/n1076137/189/))\n\n> 「ごめんごめん。手料理のときと同じ、ふとした思い付きで誘っただけだからさ。迷惑なら断ってくれていいんだ」 \n> 「別に迷惑なんて言ってません！」([source](https://ncode.syosetu.com/n5484hl/41/))\n\n>\n> 別に迷惑なんて思わんから今度からちゃんと言いや。大先生だけじゃ頼りないやろ？([source](https://www.pixiv.net/novel/show.php?id=16048103))\n\n>\n> 「修羅が俺に迷惑を掛けたく無いと思ってくれるのは嬉しいが、俺は修羅の主であり親だ、別に迷惑なんて幾らでも掛けて良いし、頼ってくれるとこっちも嬉しいんだぜ」([source](https://www.alphapolis.co.jp/novel/445327961/327270578/episode/2063960))\n\nThe だ version feels more like a quote, either a thought or an utterance? It\nfeels a little bit like that because I guess I can't say 別に迷惑 **だ** なんてかかってません\nor 別に迷惑 **だ** なんてことはありませんよ, can I?",
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"title": "だ in 「別に迷惑だなんて」",
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} | [
{
"body": "This type of だ has been explained in previous questions. In short, it\nexpresses the speaker's surprise or disagreement.\n\n * [~たいだとか why is there a だ here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60014/5010)\n * [Is 「３人いるだと」 grammatical?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5693/5010)\n * [i-adjective followed by だ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24481/5010)\n\nThis type of だ/です comes right after a predicate in 終止形. You cannot put だ when\n迷惑 is used as a subject (e.g., 迷惑なんてかかってない) or an object (e.g., 迷惑なんてかけてない).\nWhen 迷惑 is used as a predicate, 迷惑なんて and 迷惑だなんて are interchangeable because\nなんて already has a nuance similar to だ, but I feel the sentence sounds more\nemphatic with だ.\n\n**EDIT** : 迷惑 is a na-adjective, and thus can take だ without the nuance\nmentioned above (e.g. 迷惑だと思っていませんか?). Still, the combination of だなんて typically\nhas a surprised nuance regardless of the word class of the preceding\npredicate.",
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"body": "Does it mean \"to leave somebody without something/to be left without\nsomething\"?\n\n「飯抜きにされた分、いつもより余計に食う」",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-07T03:06:20.783",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does noun + 抜きにする/される mean?",
"view_count": 95
} | [] | 93633 | null | null |
{
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"body": ">\n> 渋谷駅近くにある大型書店。ハチ公口から出てすぐ、観光客やユーチューバーが三脚や自撮り棒といった思い思いの方法で撮影している風景を横目にスクランブル交差点を渡った\n> **先** 。\n\nThe narrator seems to walk across Shibuya Crossing after leaving Hachikou's\nentrance. But I don't get what 先 is doing at the end of this sentence.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-07T03:34:03.167",
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"title": "Sentence ending with 先",
"view_count": 420
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{
"body": "> ～を渡った先。\n\nIt's a contracted way of saying 渡った先だ/です。\n\nI think here it means (それは)～を渡った先だ/です。or 先にある/あります。 \nThe omitted subject is the 大型書店.\n\nThe [先]{さき} means:\n\n> さき【先】〘名〙 \n> ❸ ある基準より空間的に前の方。前方。 \n> 「目的地を目指して先へ進む」「技術では一歩先を行く」「銀行とデパートは目と鼻の先（＝すぐ近く）にある」「玄関先」 \n> (明鏡国語辞典)\n\n> （その書店は、）スクランブル交差点を渡った先（です/にあります）。 \n> You'll see the bookstore after you've walked across Shibuya Crossing.",
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{
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"body": ">\n> 米テスラが近く欧州で初の生産を始めることがほぼ確実になった。独ブランデンブルク州は4日、ベルリン郊外グリューンハイデにテスラが建設している「ギガファクトリー」での生産を条件付きで承認した。この工場ではすでに試験生産を始めており、州政府の認可を待っていた。\n\nI find the text a bit contradictory. The second sentence says the state\nconditionally approved the production but the third sentence says it is still\nwaiting for the approval from the state government. So I'm confused. Do I have\nsome misunderstanding?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-07T09:44:39.947",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"comprehension"
],
"title": "Help with the contradiction: 生産を条件付きで承認した and 州政府の認可を待っていた",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "> the third sentence says it is still waiting for the approval from the state\n> government.\n\nIt says 州政府の認可を待ってい **た** 。, not 州政府の認可を待ってい **る** 。\n\n> **すでに** 試験生産を始め **ており** 、州政府の認可を待っ **ていた** 。 \n> It **had already started** pilot production and **had been** waiting for\n> the approval (until the state approved the production on 4th.)",
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"body": "What's the difference between 氷 and 冰?",
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"title": "What's the difference between 冰 and 氷?",
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{
"body": "冰 is the standard Chinese form of the character (also Taiwan, Hong Kong,\nMacao). It is commonly used in Chinese, while Japan does not currently use it\nat all. (It is on the JIS X 0208 standard though.)\n\n氷 is a form that from the Chinese point of view is a rare alternate (the\n通用規範漢字表 lists is as such, hence expects that people might encounter it\nsomewhere), but is normal in Japan (and Korea).",
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"body": "A guy was talking about importance of reading books\n\n> 成人男性の脳味噌およそ１４００グラム。\n>\n> 今となっては、たった **それだけの閉じた世界の常識** 、偏った視点のくだす判断に従って生きていくことに、恐怖さえ感じていた。\n>\n> （もし本を読まなかったら、俺もあんなふうになっちゃうのかなぁ）\n\nI parsed the bold part of sentence like this「(それだけ) の (閉じた (世界の常識))」.\n\nI think それ refers to the mass of brain and だけ means ほど. 閉じた, meaning similar\nto 狭窄した, modifies the whole 世界の常識 and it means \"knowledge about the world\nwhich is narrow.\" Therefore それだけの閉じた世界の常識 means \"narrow knowledge about the\nworld which is limited by brain size.\" Is that right?\n\nFor the rest of the sentence, に従って applies to both それだけの閉じた世界の常識 and\n偏った視点のくだす判断?",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
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],
"title": "Understanding「それだけの閉じた世界の常識」",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "Here, (たったそれだけの閉じた)世界 is used as a metaphor for one's brain, so 世界の常識 refers\nto not \"the common knowledge about this world\" but \"the (possibly wrong)\nknowledge my brain has taken for granted\". You may have seen a saying like\n\"Your world is only as wide as what you can see\" or something. Every brain has\na different and biased idea of what our world is like, so there are many\ndifferent worlds, so to speak.\n\n> たったそれだけの閉じた世界の常識 \n> the knowledge such a narrow and enclosed world (=brain) takes for granted\n\nに従って applies to both たったそれだけの閉じた世界の常識 and 偏った視点のくだす判断.\n\n> 今となっては、たったそれだけの閉じた世界の常識、偏った視点のくだす判断に従って生きていくことに、恐怖さえ感じていた。\n>\n> Now, I even started to find it frightening to live according to the\n> knowledge such a narrow and enclosed \"world\" has taken for granted, as well\n> as its judgements made from a biased viewpoint.",
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{
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"body": "> 頑張って見るよ\n\nWhat does this mean? To me, it feels like \"Try my best and see\".",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-07T19:13:07.220",
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"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "Verb[て] + Verb - 頑張って見るよ",
"view_count": 87
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{
"body": "I don't think it's written with a kanji on みる for those cases.\n\nNevertheless, てみる means \"to try to \". It can be both capability (see if you\n_can_ do it), or invitational (Just give it a shot to see how it's like).",
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"body": "(-て)みる is one of the Japanese [subsidiary\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010) that means \"to try\nV-ing\". As a subsidiary verb, the original meaning of \"to see\" has been lost,\nat least partly. (Compare how, in English, \"have\" as in \"I have to do\" or \"go\"\nas in \"I'm going to do\" has lost its original sense of having or going.)\nSubsidiary verbs are usually written in hiragana in formal writings, but some\npeople don't pay enough attention to this rule and use kanji anyway.\n\nNote that (-て)みる means \"to try V-ing\", not \"to try to V\". See: [What is the\ndifference between \"verb＋て＋みる\" and\n\"verb＋(よ)う+とする\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19038/5010)\n\nSo 頑張ってみるよ means \"I'll try my best (anyway, and see what happens)\". 頑張るよ just\nmeans \"I'll do my best\", and てみる adds the implication that the speaker is not\nsure about the result.\n\nIn non-typical contexts, 見る can be taken literally; \"I'll try hard and watch\nit (e.g., the TV program broadcast at 3 a.m.)\". Check the previous context.",
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"body": "English Wikipedia on [Mira (given\nname)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira_\\(given_name\\)) says it's a Japanese\nname, but no real-life Japanese person with known written format for their\nname in Japanese is shown.\n\nAll Japanese examples are fictional and in kana, no kanji.\n\nSo is \"Mira\" a name used by real Japanese people? If so, do they also only use\nkana? Or is there at least one person that uses kanji? If the latter, what's\ntheir name mean?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Does \"Mira\" mean anything as a Japanese name?",
"view_count": 1334
} | [
{
"body": "ミラ is not a common traditional Japanese name. There is no typical kanji\nassociated with this name (although [it's\neasy](https://b-name.jp/%E8%B5%A4%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8/f/yomi/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%89/289191)\nto assign kanji that can be read as みら). You may find ミラ in stage names and\nfictional characters' names, but they are typically written in katakana, and I\nbelieve most of them are ones inspired by foreign names. ありす happens to be\npart of a traditional Japanese surname (see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13901/5010)), but I'm not aware\nof such an interesting coincidence regarding ミラ.",
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"body": "I need help with this long sentence from the novel. My brain stopped working\nproperly on the second part. The context is a guy was having a chat with a\ngirl who complained about getting approached by many guys. His inner monologue\nwent like this\n\n> 口説かれた回数を愚痴るなど相談相手によっては自虐風自慢と受け取られてもおかしくないところだが、\n> **そこはフラットなスタンスを至上とする俺のこと、妙なバイアスをかけることなく素直に悩みを受け止める。**\n\nI believe the first part can be understood as\n\n> ((口説かれた回数を愚痴るなど) ((相談相手によっては) (自虐風自慢と受け取られてもおかしくない)))ところだが\n>\n> Complaining about number of times you got approached, depending on who you\n> discuss with, it can be taken as 自虐風自慢. However, ...\n\nI get the general idea but I'm confused how the second part is put together.\nHow 俺のこと works here? Who is doing 妙なバイアスをかける (and to who?) and 悩みを受け止める?",
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"title": "Understanding「のこと、…」",
"view_count": 425
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{
"body": "This ～のこと is an uncommon conjunctive usage of こと meaning \"since it's ～\". It's\na friend of [のことだから](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-koto-dakara-meaning/)\nand [ことだし/ことですし](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n1-grammar-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A0%E3%81%97-koto-dashi/).\nフラットなスタンスを至上とする modifies 俺 as a relative clause.\n\n> そこはフラットなスタンスを至上とする俺の **こと** 、 \n> (But) **since** I am a guy who regards フラットなスタンス as supreme, ...\n\n(Not sure how to translate this フラットなスタンス...basically \"attitude to avoid\ncynical/prejudiced ways of seeing things\" or something along those lines.)\n\n**EDIT** Here are some possible variants of saying \"since she is who she is\",\n\"because it's her\":\n\n * 彼女のことだから、また遅刻するだろう。(or ですから～でしょう)\n * 彼女のことなので、また遅刻するだろう。(or ですので～でしょう)\n * 彼女のことだし、また遅刻するだろう。(or ですし～でしょう)\n * 彼女のことだ、また遅刻するだろう。(or です～でしょう)\n * 彼女のこと、また遅刻するだろう。",
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{
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"body": "> 賃金の伸びに物価の変動を反映した実質賃金\n\nDoes this mean \"the real wages which reflect the fluctuation of price amid the\nwages increase\"?\n\n>\n> 厚生労働省は８日午前、１月の毎月勤労統計調査（速報）を発表した。賃金の伸びに物価の変動を反映した実質賃金は前年同月比０・４％増と、５か月ぶりに上昇した。労働者１人あたりの平均賃金を示す現金給与総額（名目賃金）は、同０・９％増の２７万４１７２円だった。\n\nI don't quite understand it especially 伸び and に in that sentence.",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Understanding 賃金の伸びに物価の変動を反映した実質賃金",
"view_count": 116
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{
"body": "The issue here appears to be the usage of the word 反映. Since you seem to be\nfamiliar with the core meaning of the word, let's look at the structures this\nword occurs in. It has several \"patterns\", if you will. First, let's look at\nwhat dictionaries have to say:\n[デジタル大辞泉（小学館）](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%8F%8D%E6%98%A0/)\n\n> １ 光や色などが反射して光って見えること。「夕日が雪山に―する」\n>\n> ２ 対照的に色がうつり合って美しさを増すこと。「壁と床 (ゆか) の色が面白く―し合っている」\n>\n> ３ あるものの性質が、他に影響して現れること。反影。また、それを現すこと。「住民の意見を政治に―させる」\n\nThe first two senses obviously are more literal and closely related to words\nthat talk about physical phenomena like 反射. Our focus is the third one, the\nfigurative usage of 反映.\n\nThis 反映 chiefly has these patterns that you will likely encounter:\n\n> * 1 **A** を/は **B** に反映する\n> * 1a **C** が/は **A** を **B** に反映する\n> * 1b **A** を **B** に反映する **C**\n> * 2 **A** が/は **B** に反映される\n> * 2a **A** が反映される **B**\n> * 3 **A** を/は **B** に反映させる\n> * 4 **B** が/は **A** を反映する\n> * 4a **A** を反映する **B**\n>\n\nHere apparently we are dealing with 1, more specifically, 1b. How the actual\nsentence is best rendered in English depends on context and style. に doesn't\nalways have to become \"in\", but \"in\" is a good place to start. I am going to\ngive you a couple more examples before we move on to your sentence at issue.\n\n> 趣旨( **A** )を素案( **B** )に反映した意見( **C** ) (source: 西宮市 official website) \n> (literally) Opinions that reflect the main point(s) in the draft \n> (Or in other words) Suggestions that allow the main points to be reflected\n> in the draft; suggestions that show the main points reflected in the draft\n\n> レンタル傘の利用情報( **A** )をＳＮＳ( **B** )に反映するシステム( **C** ) ([特許庁 registered patent\n> JP2012008614A](https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2012008614A/ja)) \n> System for incorporating usage information of rental umbrella into SNS ([\n> **official\n> translation**](https://patents.google.com/patent/JP2012008614A/en))\n\n> 長年培ってきた電源のアプリケーションを含めたノウハウ( **A** )を設計( **B** )に反映したプラズマ負荷に最適な信頼性の高い電源(\n> **C** )です。 ([source](https://showcase.ulvac.co.jp/ja/products/dc-power-\n> generator/large-capacity-dc-power-generator/dc-20-am.html)) \n> These highly reliable power generators have been optimized for plasma loads\n> with a design that reflects our many years of knowledge that includes power\n> generator applications. ( **official translation** )\n\nI understand where your confusion is coming from. When you try to render a\nsentence following this structure in a different language, B and C both seem\nto do the \"reflecting\" or at least both seem capable of reflecting A. But as\nyou can see from the examples, C always has more of **an active role** than B\nin causing or allowing the reflection of A.\n\n> 賃金の伸びに物価の変動を反映した実質賃金 \n> real wages that reflect price fluctuations _in/in terms of/in the manner\n> of/as indicated by_ wage growth\n\nBy the way, I disagree with the other answer. Pretty sure this に is a 格助詞.",
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"body": "Eddie Kal explained the word 反映する and associated に very well. I just would\nlike to add a few points.\n\nFirst, 伸び means increase or growth.\n\nSecond, I would say that the original text,\n\n> 賃金の伸びに物価の変動を反映した実質賃金は前年同月比０・４％増と、５か月ぶりに上昇した。\n\nis logically incorrect, strictly speaking, but that this template is commonly\nused in news reports. To be logically correct, it must be said as\n\n> 名目賃金に物価の変動を反映した実質賃金は前年同月比０・４％増と、５か月ぶりに上昇した。\n\nwhere 名目（めいもく）賃金 means the nominal wages (i.e., the face value of wages, or\nunadjusted raw data of wages), or as\n\n> 賃金の伸びに物価の変動を反映した実質賃金の増加額は前年同月比０・４％であった。実質賃金は５か月ぶりに上昇した。\n\nIn other words, the increase of the wages face value should correspond to the\nincrease of the real wages, rather than the real wages itself. I'm afraid\nthat, if you analyzed the text carefully and rigorously, then you might have\ngot stuck at this type of skewing of logic.\n\nThird, you could translate 反映した as 'adjusted' in this case. I think you can\ntranslate, for example, '実質賃金とは、名目賃金に物価の変動を反映したものである。' to 'Real wages is the\nnominal wages adjusted by changes of the prices.'",
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"body": "Can someone please translate and explain to me these sentences from a grammar\nstandpoint?\n\n> Anata no gakkou ni Nani ga arimasu ka?\n>\n> Anata no ie ni Nani ga arimasu ka?\n>\n> Doubutsuen ni Nani ga imasu ka?\n\nI know it’s a translation but I really tried all I could to translate them,\nbut they just don't make sense.",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What do arimasu and imasu mean in sentences?",
"view_count": 298
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{
"body": "_Arimasu_ (from [_aru_](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%9C%A8%E3%82%8B)) and\n_imasu_ (form [_iru_](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%B1%85%E3%82%8B)) mean \"To be,\nto exist\", the difference being that the first is used with inanimate objects,\nwhile the second with animate ones.\n\nSo your sentences mean respectively \"What is in your school?\" ( _anata no\ngakkou_ being \"your school\"), \"What is in your house?\" ( _anata no ie_ being\n\"your house\") and \"What is in the zoo?\"; in the last sentence using _iru_\nmeans the speaker is asking about which animals are in the zoo, and not which\nstructures (or anything inanimate).",
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"body": "I was reading an article on NHK and I came across this\n\n> こうした歴史から、同じソビエトを構成した国のなかでも、ロシアはウクライナに対して特に“同じルーツを持つ国”という意識を強く **持っていている**\n> と指摘しています。[for full\n> context](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220228/k10013504991000.html#:%7E:text=%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E3%82%92%E5%BC%B7%E3%81%8F-,%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B,-%E3%81%A8%E6%8C%87%E6%91%98%E3%81%97)\n\nCan someone explain the usage of double te form here? I've also seen triple te\nform once or twice before.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Can someone explain the double te form?",
"view_count": 148
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"body": "What does 「ってえ」 mean? The context is that this character steps wrong as he is\nwalking through the sand, and after letting out a moan he says \"ってえ...\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ej0IS.jpg)",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-08T18:53:55.983",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does ってえ mean in this manga?",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "That should be read together with what's uttered immediately before it. So\nnotice the 「いっ」 in the text bubble uttered simultaneously with the\nonomatopoeia 「ズキッ」 as he sprains his ankle.\n\nTogether, that gives you 「いってぇ...」 = 痛い{いたい} (It hurts!)",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-08T19:07:13.140",
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{
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"body": "I read an article and it had the word \"shinimonogurui\". And this is how it was\nexplained:\n\n> 「死に物狂い」というのは、「生きるか死ぬかというくらいの覚悟を持って全力で物事に当たるさま」を意味している表現なのです\n>\n>\n> 例えば、「死に物狂いで努力し続けた結果、何とか第一志望の会社に入社することができました」といった文章において、「死に物狂い」の表現を正しく使うことができます。\n\nIs this word just \"desperation\" as we understand it in English or is it a\nresult of Japanese people being pushed by the culture to work so hard it's\nlike live or die?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-08T19:36:41.677",
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"owner_user_id": "50779",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"culture"
],
"title": "\"Struggle to the death\" Japanese culture",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "死に物狂い means a question of life and death. It can mean desperation in a\n\"nothing else to lose\" or \"back to the wall\" situation, not a lack of hope and\na lost of will to fight. On the contrary, it really is fighting for one's\nlife.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-08T19:56:26.070",
"id": "93658",
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{
"body": "Although that example sentence happens to be about someone's job, the phrase\nitself is fundamentally irrelevant to the so-called hardworking culture.\nNothing in the article you're reading indicates such a connection, right?\n\"Desperate\" or \"frantic\" is usually a safe translation. It can be used in\ntruly life-threatening urgent situations (like a tsunami), but it is also\nbroadly used in situations where someone tries something very hard.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-09T05:20:06.013",
"id": "93665",
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}
] | 93657 | null | 93665 |
{
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"body": "From 義妹生活, 浅村 got asked what does he think about 綾瀬 and it went like this\n\n> 「……。美人……、だとは思います。はい」素直に答えた。\n> 歯切れが悪くなってしまうのは、これから家族として一緒に暮らす異性のことをそんなふうに形容してしまうことへの罪悪感で胸の奥がモヤモヤするからだ。\n>\n> 人間関係に関するスタンスは近いものがありそうだけど、それでも綾瀬さんと自分が同じ世界の住人だと吹聴できるほど **図々しくはなれなかった** 。\n\nI think「図々しくはなれなかった」can be broke down to\neither「図々しく+は+成れなかった」or「図々しく+はなれなかった」. Which one is correct? If it is the\nfirst one, does は add a sense of contrast to the adverb?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-08T22:57:39.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93660",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Parsing「図々しくはなれなかった」",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "As you guessed, the first parsing is correct.\n\nThe meaning is more of an emphasis than contrast. Actually the は can be\nremoved: 図々しくなれなかった.\n\nCf. [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AF/#jn-172815)\n\n> ３ 叙述の内容、またはその一部分を強調して明示する意を表す。「喜ばずに―いられない」\n\nBasically the part means _he didn't dare to say Ayase-san and he belonged to\nthe same world (because it would be too 図々しい)_. I'm not quite sure why saying\nit is 図々しい, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-08T23:33:37.990",
"id": "93661",
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{
"body": "This is 図々しく+は+成れなかった. And it has to be the contrastive は. It can't be a topic\nmarking は. That's why you are likely to see が, けど, ものの, ところが, も, しても, でも, etc.\ntucked somewhere in the sentence. When you don't see any of these words, the\ncontrast is implied and there are things left out.\n\n> 奥に一番良いソファー席があった **が**\n> 、学生服で陣取るほどに図々しくはなれなかった。([source](https://tyasui.com/2021/10/05/newtown/))\n\n> **ところが** 、お雪には、それほど図々しくはなれなかったのです。\n> ([source](https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E5%B3%A0/dPvJsMVjK5MC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%22&pg=PT45&printsec=frontcover))\n\nFor implied contrast, see this discussion.\n\n[〜くはない vs 〜くない in adjective\nnegations](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18662/30454)\n\n図々しくなった is also very common.\n\n> 随分図々しくなったな、お前は \n> I see you've really gotten shameless (in your mannerism/words)\n\n> 人間関係に関するスタンスは近いものがありそうだ **けど** 、 **それでも**\n> 綾瀬さんと自分が同じ世界の住人だと吹聴できるほど図々しくはなれなかった。 \n> **Although** there did seem to be certain aspects in our relationship that\n> could be (objectively) described as close, I couldn't bring myself to do\n> something as brazen as claiming that 綾瀬さん and I belonged to the same world.",
"comment_count": 1,
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] | 93660 | null | 93661 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93664",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 津田監督に逆らって柴門を雇うなんてチームはどこにもいませんよ。\n\nThe placement of なんて feels most unlikely to me. I would expect\n\n> 津田監督に逆らって柴門なんてを雇うチームはどこにもいませんよ。\n\nor\n\n> 津田監督に逆らって柴門を雇うチームなんてはどこにもいませんよ。\n\nI have always been hesitant about なんて's placement. How are they different?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-09T04:14:05.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93663",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-09T04:42:49.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"word-order"
],
"title": "柴門を雇うなんてチーム, 柴門なんてを雇うチーム, 柴門を雇うチームなんて",
"view_count": 68
} | [
{
"body": "なんて _replaces_ を and は, so なんてを and なんては are plain wrong. なんて is also short\nfor などという, so 柴門を雇うなんてチーム is correct (see the 同格 usage\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A6/)).\n\nCorrect expressons are:\n\n * 柴門 **なんて** 雇うチーム **は** どこにもありません。\n * 柴門 **を** 雇う **なんて** チーム **は** どこにもありません。\n * 柴門 **を** 雇うチーム **なんて** どこにもありません。\n\nDifferent words/phrases are marked with なんて, but these mean roughly the same\nthing, although the first one might sound most harsh to 柴門.",
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}
] | 93663 | 93664 | 93664 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93668",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A passage from the first chapter of 夜は短し歩けよ乙女 by 森見登美彦:\n\n> \n> あな恐ろしやと思いながら肩身の狭い思いをしてカウンターをすり抜けると、その奥に隠れ家のような薄暗い空間があって、羽貫さんが四人のナイスミドルの方々に交じってお喋りしていました。 \n> 紅い布張りのソファに座ったおじさん方は、皆さん紅いネクタイを締めています。 **巡り合う好機**\n> はことごとく酒瓶に変えて憂うことのない羽貫さんは早々とその紅ネクタイのおじさん方と意気投合しているようなのです。\n\nWhat does 巡り合う好機 mean?\n\n * A good chance to meet someone?\n * The good chance (for something to happen) that is meeting someone? (equivalence)\n * A good chance that you happen across? Or that happens across you?\n\nIs 好機 the direct object of 変える?\n\nDoes 巡り合う好機はことごとく酒瓶に変えて憂うことのない, as a whole, modify 羽貫さん? (Even though it\ncontains は)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-09T06:11:54.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93666",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-09T09:30:42.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"particle-は",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Meaning of 巡り合う好機 in this passage",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "> Does 巡り合う好機はことごとく酒瓶に変えて憂うことのない, as a whole, modify 羽貫さん?\n\nYes.\n\n> Is 好機 the direct object of 変える?\n\nYes.\n\n> What does 巡り合う好機 mean?\n\nIt means 'Good chance which Ms. Hanuki encounters.', and this chance is for\ngetting a drink from someone.\n\nThis sentence,\n\n> 巡り合う好機はことごとく酒瓶に変えて憂うことのない羽貫さんは早々とその紅ネクタイのおじさん方と意気投合しているようなのです。\n\nis equivalent to\n\n * 羽貫さんは、巡り合う好機はことごとく酒瓶に変えて憂うことがありません。\n * 羽貫さんは早々とその紅ネクタイのおじさん方と意気投合しているようなのです。\n\nand to\n\n * 羽貫さんは、巡り合う好機をことごとく酒瓶に変えます。そして、そうすることを憂いません。\n * 羽貫さんは早々とその紅ネクタイのおじさん方と意気投合しているようなのです。\n\nThe sentence means\n\n * Ms. Hanuki does not hesitate to utilize all the chances she can get to drink.\n * Ms. Hanuki seems to have already made friends with those gentlemen wearing the red ties.\n\n好機を酒瓶に変える is the author's own elegant rhetoric, and it'd be expressed as\n機会さえあれば、酒を飲む or 酒をおごってもらう機会を目ざとく見つける in daily language.",
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] | 93666 | 93668 | 93668 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93762",
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"body": "I'm thinking of a particular word, 足らず, which I have audio of here,\n<https://no.forvo.com/word/%E8%B6%B3%E3%82%89%E3%81%9A/#ja>\n\nI'm thinking it's 足らず{HLL}. Is there a pattern to how the pitches of ず\nnegative verbs are, or must they simply be remembered?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-09T11:58:32.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93670",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-03-27T12:59:34.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "50132",
"owner_user_id": "50132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Is there a pattern for ず negatives?",
"view_count": 305
} | [
{
"body": "There is a pattern for 〜ず verbs, which is that they normally follow the accent\nof the base verb:\n\n**Accented base → Accent on mora before ず \nHeiban base → Heiban**\n\n * できる{LHL}→できず{LHL}\n * はなす{LHL}→はなさず{LHHL}\n * きく{LH}→きかず{LHH}\n * いう{LH}→いわず{LHH}\n * ...the majority of verbs follow this pattern\n\n* * *\n\nHowever, there are some exceptions:\n\n * おもわず{LHLL} is the traditional accent as a standalone adverb (and is still most common but おもわず{LHHL} is also heard), while おもわず{LHHL} is more common when it's the full verb, IMO\n * あらず{HLL}\n * おらず{HLL} (おらず{LHL} is also heard)\n * たえず{HLL}\n * とわず{HLL} (とわず{LHL} is also heard)\n * ならず{HLL}\n * べからず{LHLL}\n * You occasionally hear のこらず{LHLL}, but のこらず{LHHL} is more common these days\n * いわずとも{LHLL} (as opposed to heiban -- only when used with とも)\n\nAs for why these exist, I believe that having the accent _two_ mora before ず\nis the traditional accent for this conjugation, and as a result you can still\nsee it fossilized in certain adverbs and other words that feel like they have\na distinct meaning (i.e., distinct entry in the speakers lexicon) beyond just\na generic ~ず conjugation. But occasionally speakers may choose to just say the\nmore regular/modern \"one mora before ず\" accent even for these lexicalized\nitems.\n\n* * *\n\nThen, there are cases where a 〜ず-inflected verb compounds with a noun and as\nas a result gets a compound noun accent:\n\n * はじしらず{LHHLL}\n * いのちしらず {LHHHLL}\n * おやしらず {LHHLL}\n * やくたたず{LHHLL}\n\nBut there are cases where you might think it should get such a noun compound\naccent but doesn't (i.e. is not thought of as noun compounding):\n\n * むこうみず{LHLLL}\n * われしらず{HLLLL}\n\nIn the case of 足らず, as a normal conjugation it would be たらず{LHH} (e.g.,\n恐るるに足らず), but this is often commonly seen in noun compounds like したたらず{LHHLL},\nじたらず{LHLL}, すんたらず{HHHLL}, [amount]たらず{HLL}.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-18T19:32:48.540",
"id": "93762",
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},
{
"body": "Apparently I lack the reputation to post this as a comment to the other\nanswer, so I guess I'll make my own.\n\nAccording to section 89 in the 新明解日本語アクセント辞典 rule appendix, on accented verbs\nthe standard rule is to keep the accent in place rather than moving it to be\nbefore the ず. For example, はなさず would be はな\\さず rather than はなさ\\ず as suggested\nby Darius.\n\nOther examples given by the shinmeikai include:\n\n読まず ＝ よ\\まず\n\n飲まず ＝ の\\まず\n\n食わず ＝ く\\わず\n\n思わず ＝ おも\\わず\n\nAnd according to random stuff I could find online, some people will also read\nit with the pattern shifted like how Darius said, but the above is whats\nconsidered technically correct and more widespread generally speaking afaik.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-27T15:38:03.750",
"id": "93867",
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] | 93670 | 93762 | 93762 |
{
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"body": "I usually see による used as a way to express the cause of something:\n\n> 震災によってたくさんの人の命が失われた。 \n> There were many people who lost their lives due to the earthquake.\n\nBut in some places I see it being used as a way to express dependency on\nsomething:\n\n> すべてはそれによるね \n> Everything depends on it.\n\nHow can I differentiate between those uses?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-09T16:34:58.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93671",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-09T18:44:06.983",
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"owner_user_id": "50789",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "About the meaning of による (cause or dependency?)",
"view_count": 105
} | [] | 93671 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93674",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand a scene from a manga which I'll describe as best as\npossible. One person is undressing and there is an onomatopoeia that reads\nぺろん. Another person says then:\n\n> おい、ぺろんって私の身体で何してんの\n\nWhich I guess means something like\n\n> Hey, what are you doing to my body?\n\nI don't understand what ぺろん means here. Can't find it easily anywhere. Some\nmeanings I've found\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%BA%E3%82%8D%E3%82%93/).\nSomething similar in\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14424/what-\ndoes-%e3%81%b4%e3%82%8d%e3%83%bc%e3%82%93-mean) question. From that, I\nunderstand the onomatopoeia, it gives the idea of something dangling (in this\ncase the clothes), but I still don't understand its meaning within that\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-09T18:21:54.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93673",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"manga",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does ぺろん mean?",
"view_count": 277
} | [
{
"body": "The first definition in your link says 「舌を出す様子」, and links to ぺろり, which it\ndefines as 「なめる様子」.\n\nBasically, the setnence means something 'What are you doing, licking my body?'",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-09T18:46:55.867",
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] | 93673 | 93674 | 93674 |
{
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"body": "From 義妹生活 - １話. 浅村 (who also have single father who is divorced) learned that\n綾瀬 grew up with mother who is divorced who works at night everyday and rarely\ninteract with each other. This is the reason 綾瀬 is cold and not good with\npeople. The below is 浅村's thoughts.\n\n>\n> あまりにも大人びたドライな空気をまとっている理由が彼女の話を聞いているとなんとなくわかるような気がした。寂しがる気配が皆無なのは、孤独に慣れているからなのだろう。\n>\n> **もともと片親と言えどももう高校生。俺自身もそうだけど、親と会えないからってどうという年齢でもなかった。**\n\nI have difficulty understanding the last part. I think「もともと片親と言えどももう高校生」refers\nto 綾瀬 and it means \"Even though she have single parent in the beginning, she\nis already in high school\"? What does it mean exactly?\n\nFor the second sentence, does そう refer to the fact that he is also a high\nschool student? I think「親と会えないからってどうという年齢でもなかった」means \"I'm no longer in age\nwhere I get worried because I can't meet my parents.\"? I'm not sure about\nthe「からってどうという」part.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-10T01:05:40.320",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Understanding「もともと片親と言えどももう高校生。親と会えないからってどうという年齢でもなかった。」",
"view_count": 63
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{
"body": "I've attempted to translate the sentences:\n\n> Listening to her, I felt that I could somehow understand why she was wearing\n> a too mature and dry air. The fact that she shows no sign of loneliness is\n> probably because she is used to being alone.\n>\n> Even though she only had one parent to begin with, she is already a high\n> school student. Like myself, both of us weren't at an age where it mattered\n> that we couldn't see our parents.\n\nPerhaps the author has the impression that at the age of high school students,\nthey are no longer in the age to care much about whether they see their\nparents or not. On top of that, 綾瀬 has only one parent to begin with, and she\nhas been in situations where her parent is absent (for example, as you have\nshown, she's away on business. In particular, in the case of 綾瀬's mother, she\nworks at night, so 綾瀬 is at school during the day and cannot see her mother,\nand at night she cannot see her mother because her mother is at work), so she\nwould have been used to this, so 浅村 thought that she was used to loneliness.\n\nAs for the part about \"俺自身もそうだけど\", as you indicated, it's referring to that 浅村\nalso has only one parent, and he is a high school student like 綾瀬.",
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{
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"body": "I'm not sure what I'm missing here, but\n\n> 来年の１月には３５歳になりますが、 **サッカーは年齢じゃないということ**\n> を証明していきたいですし、若い選手に負けないように頑張りたいと思います。([source](https://sports.yahoo.co.jp/column/detail/201412100002-spnavi))\n\n> **我々はお荷物じゃないこと** を証明しよう。\n\nAren't those 名詞節? Is the rule about は not occurring in subordinate clauses lax\nwith 名詞節?\n\n* * *\n\nNote on terminology:\n\nI am aware that snail in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/30454) refers to this type\nof clause as \"gapless relative clauses\", but [『日本語文法入門ハンドブック 著者:\n加藤重広』](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=NDknf0v40gkC&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false),\nalso recommended by snail, calls it 名詞節, which seems to make more sense\nbecause it often corresponds with content clauses in other languages.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-10T06:51:25.823",
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"tags": [
"particle-は",
"は-and-が",
"subordinate-clauses",
"noun-clauses"
],
"title": "は in 名詞節 (content clauses)",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "In the first case, サッカーは年齢じゃない is not a nominal clause, but a quotation. In\nsuch clauses, は is acceptable, for example:\n\n> 先生は [テスト **は** 火曜日だ] と言った。\n\nIn the second sentence, 我々 is not the subject of a nominal clause, but the\nmain one.\n\n> 我々 **は** [お荷物じゃない] ことを証明しよう。\n\nThis being said, there actually are cases of は occurring in nominal clauses.\nIt is only appropriate when は is used as a contrast marker, not as a topic\nmarker.\n\n> [昨日 **は** ここにあった]本が今日はない。 (The book which was here _yesterday_ is not here\n> _today_.)",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-10T14:40:15.787",
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"body": "It may be banal, but the simple answer is that there are always exceptions to\nrules.\n\nThe following are excerpts from 中上級を教える人のための日本語文法ハンドブック p326-\n\n> 基本的な規則は、従属節（および名詞修飾節）の中では「が」を使うというものです。\n\nIt gives two cases of exception to this rule:\n\n> 主節と従属節の主語が同じ場合です。この場合は通常「は」が使われます。\n>\n> * 彼の本は面白いからきっと売れるよ\n>\n\n>\n> 判断の根拠を表す「から」や「ので」の節や並列を表す「し」の節などの場合です。これらの節は独立度が高いため、「は」と「が」の区別の原則も短文の場合と同じになります。\n>\n> * 明日{は/が}定休日だから今日は混んでるでしょう\n>\n\nIt gives further examples and some grammatical explanations, but basically the\nsecond example in the question is the case of 主節と従属節の主語が同じ and the first\nexample should be understood as an example of the second exception above\n(although it is not a 判断の根拠, essentially it is an independent sentence. To me,\nサッカーは・が are both possible without changing the nuance).\n\n* * *\n\nThere is even a [book](https://www.9640.jp/book_view/?128) on the subject,\ncited by the handbook.",
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] | 93677 | 93696 | 93696 |
{
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"body": "What does ほんとにあった mean? (translation), the context appears in the image but I\nexplain: they went to the shore of a lake to look for herbs for their friend\nwho is sick, and the bird, thanks to being sensitive to water, found the shore\nand took them and when they arrived say that\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wlByz.jpg)",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-11T02:16:46.300",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"manga",
"english-to-japanese",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "what meaning \"...ほんとにあった\"?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "This ほんとにあった means \"(I realized) it really exists!\", \"It's really here!\". This\nperson had been skeptical, but just realized the bird was correct.\n\nThis あった is something called _modal-ta_. It's used when the speaker found\nsomething. See: [Non conventional usage of the past\ntense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40733/5010)",
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] | 93682 | null | 93691 |
{
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"body": "I am trying to understand what makes a 文節 内の関係 or 外の関係. And if 外の関係, which\none.\n\n> 彼がいる場所 \n> 彼女と初めて会ったところ\n\nAm I correct in thinking these two can only be 外の関係の内容補充修飾節, because I can't\nput the 被修飾名詞 back with a 格助詞?\n\n> *彼が場所にいる \n> *ところで彼女と初めて会った\n\nWhat about these?\n\n> 彼がいるその場所 \n> 彼女と初めて会ったそのところ\n\nThese are 内の関係, aren't they?\n\n> 彼がその場所にいる \n> そのところで彼女と初めて会った\n\nDespite lack of 指示語, these seem to be 内 instead of 外:\n\n> 彼がいる学校 \n> 彼女と初めて会ったパーティー\n\n> 彼が学校にいる \n> パーティーで彼女と初めて会った\n\nWhy is that?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-11T08:43:48.933",
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"id": "93685",
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"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "彼がいる場所、彼がいるその場所、彼がいる学校",
"view_count": 97
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{
"body": "They are all 内の関係.\n\n彼がいる場所 and 彼女と初めて会ったところ are the results of filling a general word to refer to\na place, respectively 場所 and ところ, into the placeholders, or gaps, in the\nfollowing templates.\n\n> 彼が／は＿＿＿にいる。\n>\n> ＿＿＿で彼女と初めて会った。\n\nYou don’t use 指示詞 with those words because 彼がいる and 彼女と初めて会った modify them\ninstead. The English sentence “He is at/in the place” might sound incomplete\nwithout context but “the place he is at/in” would be enough to specify what\nplace it is. It is the result of filling in a general word “place” in the gap\nin the following template.\n\n> He is at/in ______.\n\nEnglish requires a definite article here but you don’t say “that place …” just\nbecause “He is at/in that place” sounds more complete than “He is at/in the\nplace” as a standalone sentence. It is the same in Japanese except, of course,\nthere is no equivalent to the definite article and particles like に and で are\ndropped.\n\nThe presence of 指示詞 only makes a difference in whether the relative clause is\nrestrictive (制限的) or non-restrictive (非制限的).\n\n外の関係 refers to a case where the modified noun doesn’t fit in any placeholder,\nor gap, in the original statement from which the noun phrase is created. For\nexample, the original statement for 魚を焼く匂い would be 魚を焼く. There is no place\nfor 匂い. If you need to create a placeholder to put 匂い into, the template would\nbecome something like this.\n\n> ＿＿＿を出して魚を焼く。\n\nThis is not considered 内の関係 because the placeholder requires more explanation\nthan a simple case particle like に or で.",
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{
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"body": "I found this construction in a couple of places:\n\n> 母を失ってまでモチベーションが続かない\n>\n> 君の歌詞を盗んでまで、彼女が唇の動きを真似るメリットがない\n>\n> 人を殺してまで得られる自由\n\nFocusing on the third example, the subtitles is \"A freedom that I can attain\nthrough murder\", and automatic translation (which I know can be unrealiable,\nbut in this case confirms the subtitles) is \"Freedom that can be gained by\nkilling people\".\n\nI know this construction [means](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7-te-made-meaning/) \"even; will go as far as\nto\", and I found\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29101/meaning-of-\nverb-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7?rq=1) question in which the structure is\nexplained as weighing the worth of actions; trying to read the structure\nitself, I think it means \"Going to the point of doing... to\", like \"Going to\nthe point of killing people, to be able to get one's freedom\".\n\nUsing the worth angle from that answer, should I read it as \"A freedom that\ncan be attained going as far as killing people\", or maybe (with similar\nmeaning, but more stress on worth) \"A freedom that is worth killing people to\nbe able to obtain\", and the translation given above adapt this in a more\nnatural English wording?\n\nFollowing this reasoning, the other examples would mean:\n\n> 母を失ってまでモチベーションが続かない: My motivation can't keep going as far as to take the\n> mother's body (so going on with the motivation isn't worth the death of the\n> mother).\n>\n> 君の歌詞を盗んでまで、彼女が唇の動きを真似るメリットがない: There is no gain in her copying the motion of\n> the lips, to the point of stealing your lyrics (like \"What's the point of\n> stealing your lyrics just to lip sync them?\"; as context: character A wrote\n> lyrics, character B published video with lip synch - but no audio - of those\n> lyrics without A knowing, and the speaker is speaking about that).\n\nThese were from a book, so no subtitles to rely on.\n\nSo, can the part with てまで be seen as a (potential) cost to get the following\npart, like stealing lyrics to lip sync (which seems absurd to the character,\nhence the negative); and freedom at the cost of killing people?",
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"title": "Meaning of a verb + てまで",
"view_count": 138
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{
"body": "I think overall your understanding is correct.\n\n * 人殺ししてまで得られる自由\n\nmeans, as you understand it correctly, _freedom attained by (going as far as)\ncommitting a murder_ (or several murders).\n\n * 君の歌詞を盗んでまで、彼女が唇の動きを真似るメリットがない\n\nis easier to understand if you parse it as **(** 君の歌詞を盗んでまで、彼女が唇の動きを真似る **)**\nメリットがない so that it would translate as _There is no merit of copying her lip\nmotion by (going as far as) stealing your lyrics_ * (although I cannot clearly\nmake sense of it).\n\nIn these, Aしてまで can be understood as meaning doing A is a (potential)\n**large** cost.\n\nA direct example would be\n\n * 1000円払ってまでその映画を見たくない\n\nmeans _I don't want to see the movie by paying as much as 1000 yean (e.g.\nbecause it is available on amazon prime)_.\n\n* * *\n\nOn the other hand, without further context, I'd understand the first example\nas _even after my mother's death, I cannot keep the motivation_. It could mean\n_by going as far as losing mom_ if doing so entails something good for the\nspeaker's motivation. But it looks less likely.\n\nThe usage still has some sense of \"limit\" in common with the other two, but\n母を失って is not something that is done hoping for some benefits.\n\nA less ambiguous example is:\n\n * 70過ぎてまで働きたくない _I don't want to work even after the age of 70_",
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{
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"body": "I was getting some new vocabulary using My First Story's song called アンダーグラウンド\nand then I couldn't understand the meaning of the verse 全部 同じ顔で聞いてるけど, how can\nyou listen with your face? Is there another meaning for 聞くthan to hear?\n\nThe song is available [here](https://youtu.be/S1Sm9OiVWkE)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-11T20:36:26.220",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 顔で聞いてる?",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "> Is there another meaning for 聞くthan to hear?\n\nThere is ('to ask'), but I don't think it's relevant here.\n\nThe verse in the song goes:\n\n「ずっと嘘吐いてばっかだ」とか\n\n「どっか頭オカシイんじゃない」とか\n\n全部 同じ顔で聞いてるけど\n\nそうじゃない\n\nそうじゃない\n\n'[They say] \"You're always telling nothing but lies\", or \"You must be crazy\",\nand I listen to it all _with the same face [expression]_ , but it's not true,\nit's not true'\n\n全部、同じ顔で聞いてる here means the speaker simply always listens with the same look on\ntheir face. Reading the title, by the way, I kind of thought it might be\nsomething like 'the question is written on someone's face', with the 'to ask'\nmeaning, but looking up the lyrics that does not appear to be the case.",
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{
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"body": "I know you can link adjectives in Japanese this way: using **-KUTE** for -I\nadjectives, and **DE** for -Na adjectives. For example:\n\nKirei(na) + Wakai + Yasashii + Onna --> \" _Kirei **de** , waka **kute** ,\nyasashii onna_ (a beautiful, young and gentle woman)\". きれいで、若くて、優しい女\n\nI also know you can link adjectives in negative form this way: **-KUNAKUTE**\nfor -I adjectives, **-DEHANAKUTE** / **-JANAKUTE** for -Na adjectives:\n\nKirei dehanai + Wakakunai + Yasashikunai + Onna --> \" _Kirei dehana **kute** ,\nwakakuna **kute** , yasashikunai onna_ (a woman who is not beautiful, young or\ngentle)\". きれいではなくて、若くなくて、優しくない女\n\nBut, the question is, can you apply this to link past form adjectives ( _Kirei\ndatta, Wakakatta, Yasashikatta..._ )? Is this possible in Japanese? How would\nyou say \" _I miss a women that was beautiful and gentle_ \", or something like\nthis.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-11T22:09:43.653",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Can you link adjectives in past tense?",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "When you want to simply join two adjectives using the te-form or the\ncontinuative form, conjugate the last adjective into the past tense, and\nthat's enough.\n\n * それは赤くて大きかった。 \nそれは赤く大きかった。 \nIt was red and big.\n\n * それは大きくて赤かった。 \nそれは大きく赤かった。 \nIt was big and red.\n\n * 彼は健康で美しかった。 \nHe was healthy and beautiful.\n\n * 彼は美しくて健康だった。 \n彼は美しく健康だった。 \nHe was beautiful and healthy.\n\nThis is the same as when you join two verbs to describe two past events (e.g.,\n朝食を食べて歯を磨いた).\n\nIn rare cases, you can use the ta-form like the following:\n\n * 若かった美しい女性 \na beautiful woman who was (once) young \n(若かった is modifying the noun phrase 美しい女性)",
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{
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"body": "I sometimes come across verbs ending with「てかかる」, for example 食ってかかる and\n舐めてかかる. It sometimes show up in novels I'm reading, for example\n\n> 若い私はその時暗に相手も私と同じような感じを持っていはしまいかと疑った。そうして腹の中で先生の返事を **予期してかかった** 。(こころ-上-三話)\n\n> でも、丸が目撃証言だけで信じるなんて珍しいね。噂話には **疑ってかかる** ほうなのに。\n\nDoes adding かかる after a て-form verb emphasize the verb's meaning? Also, I\nwonder how てかかる is related to 連用形+かける.\n\nI already read [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42544/41067) and its related\nlinks but I can't find anything helpful.",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What nuance does かかる adds to て-form of a verb?",
"view_count": 299
} | [
{
"body": "[かかる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%8E%9B%E3%82%8B/) has quite a few\nmeanings.\n\nかかる in 食ってかかる is used in the sense of _to attack_.\n\nThe others are used in the following sense:\n\n> 26\n> 多く、動詞の連用形に接続助詞「て」を添えた形に付いて、初めからそのような状態で、またはそのように思い込んで、事に対する意を表す。「相手をのんで―・る」「だめだと決めて―・る」\n\nI think a modern relevant word is とりかかる = _to start working on_.\n\nAs these suggest, the basic nuance is \"prejudice, preconception\" in the\nattitude of dealing with things: 舐めてかかる = face them with underestimation;\n予期してかかる = expect a certain answer (beforehand/before getting an actual reply);\n疑ってかかる = treat with doubt (from the start).",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "93698",
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"body": "This is MC's thought about a girl who's sitting next to him, but she's still\nkeeping a distance with him.\n\nThis is hard for me to understand, so much thanks if anyone can help me\nunderstand what he has been thinking here o/ (the last part ...結構堪える)\n\n> 俺、そんなに嫌われたのかな…… \n> (Did she hate me that much ...)\n>\n> すっごい可愛いし、最初はフレンドリーにしてくれたのに……結構堪える。 \n> (She's very cute, and was friendly at first though....??)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-12T09:06:25.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "What does this mean in this context ? 結構堪える [A character's thought about a girl when she's keeping a distance from him, while sitting with him]",
"view_count": 884
} | [
{
"body": "This 堪える is read こたえる. In this context, it means \"this is tough\", \"it saddens\nme\", etc.\n\n> ####\n> [こた・える〔こたへる〕【応える】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%93%E3%81%9F%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B/#jn-79630)\n>\n> ２ 外からの刺激を身に強く感じる。「寒さが骨身に―・える」「父の死が―・えた」\n\n> #### こた・える【応える】\n>\n> ❷刺激や苦痛がひどく負担になる。 \n> 「酷暑が（身に）応える」「友人の死が骨身に応える」「つれない言葉が心に応える」「深酒は体に応える」\n>\n> (Source: 明鏡国語辞典(第三版))\n\n> #### [応える【こたえる】](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B)\n>\n> 2. to affect; to take a toll; to strike home; to have an effect on; to be\n> hard on someone (e.g. heat, cold, work, illness, etc.); to be a strain\n> **See also 堪える, sometimes 堪える**\n>\n\nAs those entries suggest, the correct kanji for this meaning is 応える, not 堪える.\nBut this \"misuse\" of 堪える is common, and we may have to accept this.\n\n堪える is also read as こらえる and たえる, in which case it only means \"to endure\".\n\n * [What's the difference between 堪える{こたえる} and 堪える{こらえる}？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/69718/5010)",
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{
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"body": "I've got this phrase:\n\n> コンタクトすると目が乾いた感じになって、目が赤くなります。\n\nWhich means:\n\n> When I use contacts, my eyes feel dry and become red.\n\nPretty easy, but there's a little thing with the usage of the ~た form which I\ndon't understand. When they say 目が乾いた感じになって, I'd rather have used\n目が乾性{かんせい}な感じになって, to express the dry feeling. Would this also be correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-12T12:13:15.223",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-03-12T12:17:18.050",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"interpretation",
"past"
],
"title": "Can we use ~た form to make a verb an adverb?",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "This 乾いた is perfectly fine and natural. Here, 乾いた is a relative clause that\nmodifies 感じ, so this 乾いた is functionally more like an adjective than an\nadverb.\n\n * [What are the general principles of using verbs to modify nouns (e.g. 焦げるトースト/焦げたトースト)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11975/5010)\n * [\"太ってる猫\" vs \"太った猫\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3361/5010)\n\nIn your case, 感じ (\"feeling\") is not a tangible object, but the same principle\napplies. 乾いた感じ refers to a feeling that something has dried.\n\nOn the other hand, 乾性 sounds awfully strange in a context like this. For one\nthing, 乾性 is a highly stiff technical term (See: [汗をかくvs 発汗する - is there a\ndifference?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33685/5010)). For another,\n乾性 usually refers to a type of a product, etc., not a state of something. If\nyou want to use a kango, you can say 目が乾燥した感じになって (乾燥 is not so stiff, and\nusually is safe in casual conversations).",
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}
] | 93699 | 93700 | 93700 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93705",
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"body": "A passage from the second chapter of 夜は短し歩けよ乙女 by 森見登美彦:\n\n> \n> 先ほどまで、ご主人は奥さんと一緒に本棚に囲まれた内側にいて、レジを打っていました。私と樋口さんが姿を見せると、あとを大学生のアルバイトに任せて出てきてくれました。そして案内されたのは店舗の背後にある木立の奥です。そこには\n> **缶に入れた** 蚊取り線香の煙がふんわり漂い、小さなテーブルと椅子が置いてあって、午後のお茶会に好適な「森の隠れ家」になっていたのです。\n\nI don't understand why 入れた was chosen over 入った. Does it imply that ご主人 put the\nincense in the can after showing the narrator and 樋口さん to the back? Or does it\njust neutrally mean \"incense in a can\"?\n\nI feel comfortable with the phrase ～のことを書いた本 referenced by [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/53684/difference-\nbetween-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%92%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E6%9C%AC-\nand-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%92%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E6%9C%AC).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-13T05:44:13.993",
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"id": "93701",
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"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Choice of 入れた in 缶に入れた蚊取り線香",
"view_count": 66
} | [
{
"body": "You can say 缶に入った蚊取り線香, but to me it sounds more like what you buy at the\nstore, i.e., 蚊取り線香 which is not yet used.\n\nNormally you set fire on 蚊取り線香 (and put out the fire without completely\nextinguishing it), then put it in some case/dish, for which can is often used.\nThis \"put-in-a-case\" action makes 入れた more natural, I suppose.\n\nSo the passage describes the scent of 蚊取り線香 put in a can (case) hanging in the\nair.\n\n* * *\n\nThe major 蚊取り線香 is sold in a can like the following (the rightmost picture is\na can case/dish; picture from\n[here](https://www.kincho.co.jp/seihin/qa/qa_uzumaki.html))\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Nqz7S.png)\n\nYou can see [a variety of\nthem](https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=%20%E8%9A%8A%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8A%E7%B7%9A%E9%A6%99%20%E7%9A%BF)\nby image search.",
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] | 93701 | 93705 | 93705 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "93703",
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"body": "There was already a discussion here, with examples\n\n[Reading of prefix 大](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/92884/31150)\n\nbut what about for 大イベント?\n\nI was hoping one could generalize that 大+katakana=【だい】, but at least one word\nseems to contradict that theory:\n\nオオアルマジロ 《大アルマジロ》 【おおアルマジロ】 (n) (uk) giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus)\n\nSo what about 大イベント?\n\nIs it 【おおイベント】 or 【だいイベント】?\n\nIt appeared here\n\n<https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/economy/20220103-OYT1T50112/>\n\nin the sentence\n\n人生【じんせい】の大イベントを諦【あきら】める――。\n\n_Giving up on life's big events--that's what it's all about._",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-13T05:50:36.817",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"katakana"
],
"title": "When is 大【おお】 and when is 大【だい】?",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "It is だいイベント.\n\nMy impression is that だい is more common in most cases, apart from\nanimals/insects etc., like you mention. You can think those おお derive from\n[大型]{おおがた}.\n\nAnother possible hint is you can replace the word following 大 by something\nelse of the same category: [大災害]{だいさいがい}.\n\n* * *\n\n#I mean above simply as a sort of mnemonic, and not something linguistically\nvalid.",
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"creation_date": "2022-03-13T06:42:53.937",
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] | 93702 | 93703 | 93703 |
{
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"body": "What is the meaning of と in the following phrase?\n\n> 俺と同じことをするんだ - Do the same thing I do.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-13T15:04:21.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93709",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と usage in 俺と同じ",
"view_count": 63
} | [] | 93709 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does the onomatopoeia that appears in red in the image mean? I'm not\nreally sure if it says ガヌッ or ガスッ ,since I'm not good at identifying\ncharacters, so I'll leave the image (also to give context) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hGjlH.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-14T02:43:15.557",
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"tags": [
"manga",
"japanese-to-english",
"sound-symbolism"
],
"title": "What does ガスッ mean?",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "It says 「ガスッ」。What it literally means is tough to describe, but I would say\nit's something similar to a rough hug or grasp.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-04-04T22:12:45.583",
"id": "93991",
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{
"body": "A typical sound that ガスッ describes is the sound made by a solid and rigid but\nnot too heavy thing (like a wood block) bumping against another solid and\nrigid but not too heavy thing. In this case, I think it describes that one\nperson is bumping against another person a bit too hard, somewhat\nmetaphorically and exaggeratedly. If it was a quick tap or a soft hug, ガスッ\nwouldn't be adequate.",
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{
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"body": "I tried to write the expression \"to expose yourself to life\". I would like to\nexpress \"to expose\" like as in \"I expose myself to live, with all things, bad\nand good, that could happen\".\n\nIn this case, I don't know if I have to use 露呈{ろてい} or 露見{ろけん}.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-14T07:48:20.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93711",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What is the right expression to say \"I expose myself to life\". Would it be 露呈{ろてい}, 露見{ろけん} or something else?",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "Just a short answer, 露見 or 露呈 is used usually in the sense that something\nnegative (e.g. bribery) is found out or betrayed. So the answer is that both\ndoes not work for _to expose sb. to sth._\n\nIn terms of dictionary translation, the\n_[expose](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/expose/#ej-29717)_ means\n晒す（さらす）, but 「（人を）人生にさらす」 is not an idiomatic combination. You would need to\nchoose different words depending on the context. E.g. if you mean by _expose\nmyself to life, good or bad_ \"accept\", it would be 受け入れる or \"confront\" then\n立ち向かう etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-03-16T09:33:40.640",
"id": "93730",
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] | 93711 | null | 93730 |
{
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"body": "Basically, I'm asking if anyone knows of a possible etymological reason. Maybe\nit has to do with the ideogram itself, maybe it's a saying, but I'm not\nfinding satisfying answers online.\n\nApparently, in Chinese it can also mean \"in an awkward or difficult position\",\nand according to [wikitionary entry for the chinese etymology of the\nword](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8B%BC%E7%8B%BD#Etymology):\n\n> An Old Chinese ideophone of the phonetic shape /raːd(s) paːd(s) ~ raːŋ\n> paːd(s)/ (ZS), initially used to describe a limping or stumbling gait. Folk\n> etymology (as used by Tang-Dynasty Duan Chengshi) states that 狽／狈 (bèi) was\n> a wolf-like animal in Chinese mythology, which had very short forelegs and\n> long hind legs, and needed to mount a wolf in order to walk, so the two\n> animals would always hunt together. This eventually led to the meaning of\n> “to conspire”.\n\nI can see how this would lead to the meaning of \"being in an awkard or\ndifficult position\". Further, the ideograms being two different kind of wolf\nkanji also make sense with this etymology, given that one wolf rides the\nother, and one is a legendary kind of wolf.\n\nBut then again, that's the Chinese etymology/meaning, and I'm more interested\nin the Japanese one. Apparently, 狼狽する is also in the phrase 周章狼狽する, which also\nmeans \"consternation, falling into panic\". And according to [this answer on\nJapanese Yahoo\nAnswers](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q109883315),\nit has to do with the codependence of both of the wolves, and it later\nchanged, but there's no source on that.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-03-14T15:44:12.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "93712",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-19T20:00:40.113",
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"owner_user_id": "44116",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Anyone has any idea why 狼狽 means \"confusion/panic/consternation\" when both kanjis are ways of saying \"wolf\"?",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "The explanation from 新明解語源辞典 gives weight to the old meaning of codependence\nof both the wolves : both 狼 and 狽 designate legendary wild creatures. The\nfirst one with long forelegs and short hind legs. The latter with the opposite\nfeatures. So 狽 must ride on the back of 狼 for both of them to advance\nefficiently. Hence the sense of codependence. But the insecurity is palpable\ntoo.\n\nAlso, interestingly, the same dictionary mentions that this interpretation\ndates from as far back as 唐代, Tang period (618-907). And that, in contrast to\nthat classical interpretation, the _onomatopoeia_ view has been gaining weight\nrecently among scholars.\n\nI personally find the \"pair of legendary animals\" interpretation much more\nsatisfying and easy to remember, but I have no clue which, if any, is correct.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-09-19T19:52:24.440",
"id": "96282",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-19T19:52:24.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27777",
"parent_id": "93712",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] | 93712 | 96282 | 96282 |
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