question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "28935",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a manga and am completely stuck on what is being said in the\nfollowing line of text:\n\n> まわる = まる = circle ぐわんぐわん = ぐん？ ほわほわする = ほほする = cheeks\n\nI've attached the page with the text highlighted in red. The scene takes place\nwhere the girl is in a circle drinking party. The girl is intoxicated so I'm\nguessing she's \"thinking\" drunkenly which means her words are going to be\nslightly off, but I don't know enough Japanese to figure out what the real\nwords are. I don't know if all the \"わ\" are part of the actual word or if\nthey're placed in to show slurred speech.\n\nPlease correct me if I've misinterpreted the first and last part of the text.\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HDZvO.jpg)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-26T15:11:32.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28890",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T07:11:37.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11234",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"spelling",
"manga"
],
"title": "ぐわん: Is this a word? Drunken speech in manga",
"view_count": 699
} | [
{
"body": "They are all actual words. まわる is 回る, to revolve. She feels her surroundings\n(or herself) are spinning. It can imply her thoughts go round and round (go\nback and forth) in her brain. ぐわんぐわん is one of the\n[擬態語](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_sound_symbolism), it is often\nused to describe a sense of **vertigo** or tinnitus (mix of ぐるんぐるん/ぐるぐる +\nがんがん). ほわほわ is also a 擬態語. It's similar to ふわふわ, which is light, soft, fluffy\nor **flowing** , but it sometimes implies warm feelings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T07:11:37.890",
"id": "28935",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T07:11:37.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3506",
"parent_id": "28890",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 28890 | 28935 | 28935 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28892",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I were heading toward Tokyo but not neccessarily to Tokyo I would use へ. If\nI were going to Tokyo I would use に. That much I understand.\n\nMy question is whether this can be extended to time.\n\nFor example, If I wanted to tell Jim I will call him around 5 (presumably\nsometime between 430 and 6) I would say ５時へ呼ぶでしょう．However, if I want him to be\nat the phone at 5 then I would say ５時に呼ぶでしょう。to indicate that I will be\ncalling at a specific time.\n\nDo I have this correct, or is に always used in regard to time?\n\nよろしくお願いします、",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-26T16:31:18.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28891",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-26T19:28:10.377",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-26T17:08:02.640",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4314",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-へ"
],
"title": "The use of へ and に in regards to time",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "To use \"around\" for time, use ごろ. へ is not used this way\n\n> * 5時ごろ電話するわ！ → I'll call you around 5:00.\n>\n\n注意: Do not confuse this with \"about\" which is ぐらい/くらい.\n\n> × 5時ぐらい電話する → I'll call you \"about\" 5:00 (ブブー） \n> ○ 5時ごろ電話する → I'll call you around 5:00 (ピンポン)\n\nThis is used for time duration instead.\n\n> * 車で行くなら、３時間ぐらいかかる → If you go by car, it'll take about 3 hours.\n>\n\n* * *\n\n*Note that my mapping of `around ←→ ごろ` and `about ←→ ぐらい` is arbitrary, and it would make equally as much sense in English to swap them. However, for my own sanity in their usage, I always did it this way by thinking of \"around\" as drawing a \"round\" circle on a timeline, like so:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pHrps.png)\n\nThus, \"around 5:00\" gives an easier (IMO) visual representation of when this\ntime might be.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-26T19:09:11.260",
"id": "28892",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-26T19:28:10.377",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-26T19:28:10.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "28891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 28891 | 28892 | 28892 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28896",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I haven't seen any examples that make use of this, nor have I seen any\nevidence to the contrary, so I thought I'd ask about it. I know that の\nbasically connects nouns and makes them all 1 noun that can be modified as a\nwhole, but I was also wondering if you can still modify the individual nouns\nwithin the string with subordinate clauses or adjectives.\n\nSo for example, if you wanted to say \"Her beautiful eyes,\" how would you say\nit? Is this correct?\n\n> 彼女の美しい目\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-26T23:24:38.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28894",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-27T00:05:54.893",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-26T23:32:10.453",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"particle-の",
"subordinate-clauses",
"modification"
],
"title": "Modifying individual nouns in の strings",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, you can do that. 「彼女の美しい目」 is a grammatically correct phrase.\n\nIn fact, there is even an example sentence on Weblio with that [exact\nphrase](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E5%BD%BC%E5%A5%B3%E3%81%AE%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E7%9B%AE%22).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-27T00:05:54.893",
"id": "28896",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-27T00:05:54.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "28894",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 28894 | 28896 | 28896 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29430",
"answer_count": 5,
"body": "I'm Japanese giving advice to my friend.\n\nHe wrote two sentences like this:\n\n> 昨日は寝れませんでした。気分が悪かった **ですから** 。\n\nAccording to a textbook「〜ですから。」is correct, but for me 「〜からです。」sounds better\nthan「〜ですから。」\n\nI couldn't find out when 「〜からです。」is better to use.\n\nCan anyone tell me where to place 〜からです or 〜ですから in different grammatical\nsituations?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-27T15:33:02.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28900",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T11:09:38.750",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-27T22:34:03.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11556",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Why does the sentence combination 「situation。 explanation から。」sound awkward?",
"view_count": 601
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's just a tad archaic. For example this sentence given in a related\nSE answer:\n\n> 函館山からの夜景を見るといいですよ。とても美しいですから。\n\nIs definitely a common pattern you'll see in novels etc., but not many people\nactually talk like this.\n\nI'd even argue `昨日は寝れませんでした。気分が悪かったからです。` sounds equally overly fancy; in that\nsituation I'd say `昨日は寝れませんでした。気分が悪かったので。` or `昨日は寝れませんでした。気分が悪くて。`.\n\nIn a different situation, e.g. `熊は川に向かいます。サケが遡って来ることを知っているからです。` it's no\nlonger weird because it's an appropriate situation to be fancy.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T22:22:27.257",
"id": "28925",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-29T22:22:27.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "28900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "気分が悪かったですから, 昨日は寝れませんでした。 You are just stating your reason.\n\nからです is used when you are emphasizing your reason when e.g asked about it or\nyou have to explain it. For example\n\nQ.なぜ昨日寝れなかった？ A.気分が悪かったからだ。 or more better 気分が悪かったのだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T15:06:29.567",
"id": "29393",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-22T15:06:29.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10513",
"parent_id": "28900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "A purely grammatical difference that I noticed is that they can have different\nmeanings.\n\nThe から in ですから always means \"because,\" but the から in からです can mean different\nthings based on what comes before it.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 彼はアメリカからです。 He is from America. \n> 授業は８時からです。 Class is from 8:00 onward. \n> 夏休みは６月からです。 Summer vacation starts in June. \n> 手紙は先生からです。 The letter is from the teacher.\n\nですから and だから help make it clearer that から is not being used in a situation\nlike one of the above. In my opinion, they also sound more natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T22:32:31.387",
"id": "29426",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T01:08:59.117",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-24T01:08:59.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "9981",
"owner_user_id": "9981",
"parent_id": "28900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I think it has something to do with the proceeding sentence.\n\nIf you compare 「昨日は寝れませんでした。」 to 「函館山からの夜景を見るといいですよ。」 (from the example\nreferenced in Enno's post), the latter is a suggestion, while the former is a\nfact.\n\nMaking up some other examples with \"suggestions\",\n「彼と会ったほうがいいと思いますよ。とてもいい人ですから。」 and 「その授業は取らないほうがいいと思いますよ。先生がとても怖い人ですから。」 seem\nfine as well.\n\n「勝訴すると思います。彼は一流の弁護士ですから。」 and 「まだ就労経験はありません。学生ですから。」, on the other hand, sound\narrogant or mocking. Which sometimes could be an intended nuance, like\n「僕は一流企業に就職できると思います。東大生ですから。」 or something, but generally seems like something\nto be avoided.\n\nI'm not sure whether a \"suggestion\"-type leading sentence is the only kind\nwhich makes it natural to use a 〜ですから sentence without the ironic overtone,\nbut I couldn't think of any other types.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T04:08:06.167",
"id": "29430",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T04:08:06.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "28900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I really like Darius's observation about suggestion vs. fact, and that\ncertainly has something to do with it, but I think there is also another\nreason for it being weird.\n\nA lot of the awkwardness comes from the “悪 **かったですから** ”, rather than just the\n“ですから”. For example, it doesn't sound as weird when you tweak it to avoid\nmaking a `〜かったですから`:\n\n> * 昨日は寝れませんでした。気分が悪かった **もの** ですから。\n> * 昨日は寝れませんでした。気分が **すぐれませんでした** から。\n> * 昨日は寝れませんでした。気分が **最悪でした** から。\n>\n\nStatements that end in `〜かったですから` actually all sound a little awkward, whether\nit follows a suggestion or a fact.\n\n> * ぜひ夜景を見てください。私が見たときはとても美し **かったですから** 。 ← ?\n> * ぜひ夜景を見てください。私が見たときはとても **きれいでしたから** 。 ← Better\n> * 寝坊してしまいました。とても眠 **かったですから** 。 ← ?\n> * 寝坊してしまいました。とても眠かった **もの** ですから。 ← Better\n>\n\nWhen you invert the clauses, you can clearly see how clumsy the `〜かったですから` is:\n\n> * 忙し **かったですから** 、行けませんでした。 ← Bad\n> * 忙し **かったから** 、行けませんでした。 ← OK\n> * 多忙 **でしたから** 、行けませんでした。 ← OK\n>",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T11:09:38.750",
"id": "29433",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T11:09:38.750",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "888",
"parent_id": "28900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 28900 | 29430 | 29430 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28903",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> いつからか、翡翠がやってくれば平穏な朝を迎えられる **ような** 、そんな日課が出来上がっている。\n\nWhy is ような used before the comma?\n\nI think it means:\n\n> Since who knows when, if Hisui comes, as if i am brought with a tranquil\n> morning, that way the day starts.\n\nBut I do not understand why ような is used before the comma.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-27T16:51:10.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28901",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-01T22:43:43.527",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-01T22:43:43.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ような without a noun following it",
"view_count": 331
} | [
{
"body": "I'm a native speaker and I'm still not actually not sure… ☺\n\nAlthough, Japanese sentences sometimes have the verb after the noun, although\nthat might be a bit of a stretch. I believe if a predicate has a \"、\" or \"を\"\nafter it, it is forming a compound sentence. I am still not sure… But I think\nit's a sentence structure quirk.\n\nHope I was able to help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-28T00:53:37.677",
"id": "28902",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-28T00:53:37.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11559",
"parent_id": "28901",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "There certainly is a noun following 「～～ような」, if the noun does not\n**_directly_** follow it. That noun is 「[日課]{にっか}」.\n\n>\n> 「いつからか、[翡翠]{ひすい}がやってくれば[平穏]{へいおん}な[朝]{あさ}を[迎]{むか}えられるような、そんな日課が[出来上]{できあ}がっている。」\n\n「翡翠がやってくれば平穏な朝を迎えられるような」 is an adjectival phrase that modifies 「日課」.\n\n「そんな」 also modifies 「日課」.\n\n「そんな」 here means \"that sort of\". The author could have just said\n「翡翠がやってくれば平穏な朝を迎えられる **ような日課** 」 without using 「、そんな」.\n\n「翡翠がやってくれば平穏な朝を迎えられるような」, however, is such a **_long and eloquent_**\nadjectival phrase that it could sound a little \"affected\" if the author placed\n「日課」 directly following it.\n\nBy placing 「、そんな」(= \"that sort of\"), it could serve as a softener that brings\nthe eloquence level down a bit.\n\nMy shot at a TL:\n\n\"Since who knows when, a sort of a daily routine has been formed in which I\nfeel as if I could greet the dawn peacefully whenever Hisui comes/is here.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-28T02:10:42.847",
"id": "28903",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-28T02:10:42.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "28901",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 28901 | 28903 | 28903 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28905",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Subject: ironic story; place: Osaka; time: pre-mordern; situation: a boy is\nthreatened with a sword-fight. More threatened than really called for a duel,\nso he has time.\n\nThe hero of the story says to himself:\n\n> こんな事になるんやったら何か得物を持って来るんやったなぁ。\n\nAnd starts to search through his belongings for something to use as a weapon.\n\n* * *\n\nThe situation is clear and the meaning is easy to deduce or at least I can\nimagine what I would say in such a situation...\n\n...except for the latter んやったなぁ. Either it leads to the next scene (searching\nthe belongings):\n\n> 1 Gee, things turned bad... I wonder do I have anything for a weapon...\n\nor is just a statement of resignation:\n\n> 2 Now that things turned that way, I should have brought some weapon with\n> me...\n\nthat can be said before running away (as well as before searching for a\nweapon).\n\nHow shall I interpret 持って来るんやったなぁ here (as 1 or 2 or maybe something else)?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-28T11:15:28.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28904",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-28T23:22:43.500",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-28T23:22:43.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "Preparing for a fight in Osaka (dialectal んやったなぁ)",
"view_count": 354
} | [
{
"body": "> ~のだった\n\nmeans \"should have\", and んやった is just a colloquial dialectal form of that. So\npretty much your number 2.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-28T13:33:44.247",
"id": "28905",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-28T13:33:44.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1073",
"parent_id": "28904",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 28904 | 28905 | 28905 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28913",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The talk he is referring is something he was told to not let anyone know.\n\n> 琥珀{こはく}さんは謝{あやま}れって言{い}ってたけど、あんな話{はなし}を聞{き}いたあと **だと**\n> ヘンに意識{いしき}してしまって、困{こま}る。\n>\n> お屋敷{やしき｝のお部屋｛へや｝もそう多｛おお｝くはありませんから、使用人｛しようにん｝用｛よう｝ **にと**\n> 建｛た｝てられたのが離｛はな｝れのお屋敷｛やしき｝なんです。\n\nI am having trouble with this だと in the first and with にと in the second. Can\nsomeone explain why is と used in this situations?\n\n1) Kohaku san told me to apologize but, after that conversation if I give it\naway I am in trouble.\n\nI think と makes what's before it an adverb for [意識]{いしき}して\n\n2) Since there are not many rooms in the mansion, for the servants has been\nconstructed a building which is a separated mansion.\n\nI think [用]{よう}にと means do something until it's complete.\n\nThis is just my idea though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-28T15:42:04.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28906",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-06T09:43:12.440",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-29T03:51:24.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "だと, にと particle doubts",
"view_count": 1588
} | [
{
"body": "The first instance of the と particle is the と-conditional and the second is\nthe と-quoting particle.\n\n* * *\n\n> 琥珀さんは謝れって言ってたけど、あんな話を聞いたあとだとヘンに意識してしまって、困る。\n\nI had been told to apologize to Kohaku but after having been told so, I\nstrangely noticed that it would be embarassing.\n\n~~Assuming 琥珀 is the subject of 聞いた and that 話 refers to the story that should\nbe kept secret, a possible translation would be:\n\n> Even though Kohaku urges me to apologize, if she hears that story, she would\n> realize something (ヘンに here suggests that what will be realized may not be\n> entirely true and above all, it is not to the advandage of the speaker) and\n> I would end up being in trouble.\n\nNevertheless, due to the lack of context, it is difficult to figure out with\ncertainity who is the subject of 聞いた (琥珀 or just a someone) and whether 話\nrefers to the story that should be left concealed or to the apologies. But\nwhat is sure is that the subject of 聞いた and 意識して is the same.~~\n\n* * *\n\nIn the second case, there is no room for hesitation, it is the quotative\nparticle.\n\n> お屋敷のお部屋もそう多くはありませんから、使用人用にと建てられたのが離れのお屋敷なんです。\n\nIt expresses what the speaker think about the little detached shelter. And he\nsays that he thinks that \"since the mansion is not that spacious, the detached\nshelter has been built for the use of the servants of the house\"\n\nIt could be rephrased this way:\n\n> お屋敷のお部屋もそう多くはありませんから、「使用人用に」と思って・考えて建てられたのが離れのお屋敷なんです。\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** : To answer Splikie's comment about のが. Here の is used as a device so\nas to say twice the same thing. You could safely replace this の by something\nlike 建物.\n\nBut,\n\n> 使用人用にと思って・考えて建てられた建物が離れのお屋敷なんです。\n\nis a bit wordy, thus you omit 建物 and instead you put の.\n\nThis の is the same that the one in bold in the following sentence.\n\n> A: 誰のペンですか？ \n> B: 私 **の** です。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T09:36:32.807",
"id": "28913",
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"parent_id": "28906",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 28906 | 28913 | 28913 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "With verbs that don't take に, the matter is simple: わたしは彼に食べてもらった means 'He\nate it for me', with a favour being explicit. But how would handles things\nwith verbs that do take に? Would you say わたしには彼に任せてもらった 'He left it to me'? If\nnot, how would you say it?\n\n(Please feel free to edit this question if you feel it is poorly worded.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T01:27:20.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28908",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-04T03:54:52.563",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-30T12:49:16.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-に",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "に and verbs that take it with もらう",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "If I understand correctly, you are asking how to express something like this,\nwhere you want to have 私 be both the `〜は` subject and a `〜に` object:\n\n> **私** は (彼に ( **私** に任せてもらった) ) \n> _I had him leave it to me_\n\n私は彼に私に〜 is extremely awkward and should be avoided at all costs. Even if you\nomit the `subject-私` and say 彼に私に〜, it sounds confusing. Also, you cannot\nmerge `subject-私` and `object-私` by saying 私には.\n\n* * *\n\nHere are some ways to go around it:\n\n 1. One way is to rephrase it by **flipping the subject** , using くれる instead of もらう:\n\n> **彼は** 私に任せてくれた \n> _He left it to me for me_\n\n 2. You could **add some stuff in between** the two objects to make it less awkward:\n\n> (私は)彼に **お願いして** 私に任せてもらった \n> _I asked and had him leave it to me_\n\n 3. Or, if the `〜は` subject and the `〜に` object are the same, and it is clear in context, you can usually **omit that object** altogether:\n\n> (私は)彼に ~~私に~~ 任せてもらった \n> _I had him leave it to me_ ←implied\n\n* * *\n\nIn a case where you must state a `〜に` object that is different from the\nsubject, you get a sentence with a **consecutive`〜に`**, in this word order:\n\n> (私は)彼に学校に行ってもらった \n> _I had him go to school_\n\nThe awkwardness of a consecutive `〜に` varies from case to case. For example,\n彼に会社に〜 is probably more digestible than 彼に娘に〜, which in turn is still much\nless confusing than 彼に彼女に〜. Personal taste will play into it, too. An in-depth\nstudy of this is outside the scope of my answer, so I'll leave it at that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T03:54:52.563",
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| 28908 | 29004 | 29004 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading Hunter x Hunter volume 24, when suddenly this thing appeared:\n\n> 賜｛みつ｝ぎ物｛もの｝\n\nJust a bit of context: they are trying to infiltrate the enemy's base, and\ntake advantage of one corrupt individual appetite for young women by sending\nin an undercover team member dressed up as a regular girl. The team leader\n(who thus sent the girl in) then uses the above phrase to say something along\nthe lines of\n\n> Enjoy your present\n\nI forgot the exact phrase but will add it later if necessary.\n\nMy question is why didn't the author use 貢{みつ}ぎ物 / 貢物 but this kanji ? Does it\nhave to do with the current situation the character is in ?\n\nI guess a related question is how do 貢ぐ and 賜る differ in sense ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T01:36:09.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28909",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T06:12:08.573",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-29T02:18:12.823",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3614",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"kanji",
"manga",
"puns"
],
"title": "Why is みつぎもの written 賜ぎ物 instead of 貢ぎ物 in this comic?",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "This is a guess since I haven't read the series and the context you've given\nis rather fuzzy.\n\nMangaka sometimes use furigana to employ a spoken word / meaning difference.\nThe usual example is adding the furigana あいつ to someone's name: [太郎]{あいつ}\n\nThe spoken word is あいつ but the kanji provide an explanation to the reader that\nthe character means 太郎\n\nI've also seen this example: [過去]{ゆめ}を見ていた。 (from 吸血姫 美夕)\n\nIn the situation you describe, from the speaker's point of view the meaning is\n賜物 (fruit of our labour -- presumably the time it took to prepare the plan)\nwhile the audience (enemy) hears 貢ぎ物 (tribute).\n\nNormally this would be written as [賜物]{貢ぎ物} but since Hunter x Hunter's target\naudience is rather young (primary school or thereabouts), they might not know\nhow to read 貢ぎ物 and you typically can't add furigana to a furigana to clarify\nthe pronunciation. The author or editor probably realised this, and in their\nsearch of a solution they ended up with the hybrid 賜ぎ物\n\nFor the dual meaning to work, the audience needs to notice that the word is\nnot spelt with the usual kanji. You did notice it; I'm not so sure about the\naverage reader.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T06:06:33.343",
"id": "28934",
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}
]
| 28909 | 28934 | 28934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28911",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm sorry for the weird title. English is not my first language and I'm not\nsure how to put it... I wanted to say something among the lines \"How Americans\nimagine Japan to be/What is Japan like, according to Americans\" - the nuance\nbeing that I'm talking about Americans who have never been to Japan. I was\nthinking of using 印象, but I think 印象 is more about looking at something and\ngetting an impression of what is it like, so it might not really be the best\nchoice of words. Is there a nice, simple way of stating it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T07:17:36.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28910",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-29T09:15:34.507",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-29T08:20:16.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "10712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Can I use 印象 to talk about something the subject does not have personal experience with, but has an opinion about?",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "So if you want to simply say \"an image of Japan, you can use イメージ:\n\n> 日本のイメージ \n> 日本に対するイメージ\n\nIt doesn't determine if someone had or had not direct experience with Japan.\nThe image might change when getting more exposure.\n\nTo emphasize imaginative aspect you might decide for: \"Japan as imagined by\nAmericans\"\n\n> アメリカ人が想像する日本 \n> アメリカ人の想像する日本",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T07:53:57.927",
"id": "28911",
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]
| 28910 | 28911 | 28911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28914",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Today I got a mail from my company but I am unable to figure out the meaning\nof がんばっぺ！！.\n\nThe sentence is as follows-\n\n> 下期も 製図勉強会や(秘)レクレーション大会などを 予定しております。\n>\n> 水戸のみなさん、一緒に **がんばっぺ** ！！\n\nIs it similar to がんばれ？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T09:15:55.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28912",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-10-29T10:02:35.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "10437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"dialects"
],
"title": "What does がんばっぺ mean?",
"view_count": 294
} | [
{
"body": "I see in your e-mail, that you mention 水戸｛みと｝市.\n\n頑張っペ is 茨城弁｛いばらきべん｝. `っぺ` is typically used to replace volitional form よう/おう\nsounds. It is used on this sign for example:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2uDib.jpg)\n\nThus, I would translate your example into `頑張ろう` !\n\nNote that using `っぺ` has other uses, see the [wikipedia\nentry](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%8E%E5%BC%81) if you feel\nup to it. The main other use is to make a guess, a conjecture.\n\nExample:\n\n> そっぢは食べもんがうまかっぺー？\n\nTaken from [this\nthread](http://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/t/2012/0511/506518.htm?g=01)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T10:09:04.787",
"id": "28914",
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}
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| 28912 | 28914 | 28914 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28924",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example: in a conversation about food, when your friend says that the food\nis おいしい, then you can also say おいしいね, or そうだね.\n\nAre there other ways you can say in agreement? Perhaps a phrase similar to 'I\nAgree!' or 'Yes! Really!'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T12:27:15.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28915",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-31T13:53:27.140",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-31T13:53:27.140",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Word request: Agreeing in a conversation",
"view_count": 246
} | [
{
"body": "There is the word 同感 which basically means \"feeling the same\". It can be used\nto in the same way as \"ditto\" in English.\n\n> A: そのラーメン凄く美味しいよね。 \n> B: （私は、) 同感だ。\n>\n> A: Those ramen are so much great. \n> B: I agree./ Ditto. / B just nods.\n\nThat said, there is not a lot of emotions packed in this (= 同感) expression. It\nmerely expresses that you feel the same; just like \"ditto\" would.\n\n* * *\n\nFor more colorful expressions, the comment from Choco describes some possible\nanswers (more specifically related to Kansai). But you can freely use\nsomething like:\n\n> でしょう（ね）(isn't it ? / you're right !)\n\nto express agreement with a previously said おいしい・うまい, regardless of dialects.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T13:12:07.123",
"id": "28916",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T11:44:13.377",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "Totally overkill (and maybe that's what you're going for) but 賛成！works pretty\nmuch like 同感。Another one I used to love to do (which in the case of food goes\nreally well with the over-acting one finds on Japanese TV is to do)\n正解！(Correct!) like they'd say on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.\n\nThe answers in your original post are arguably the most colloquial though. I\nwill add that you need a certain level of fluency for this to not sound\nmechanic and weird. IMHO, anyway.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T21:00:59.803",
"id": "28924",
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"owner_user_id": "7550",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 28915 | 28924 | 28916 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28918",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 為替 and 両替? Both mean \"exchange\". When each of\nthem should be used?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T13:15:50.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28917",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-29T20:49:17.370",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-29T20:47:56.747",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "7045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between [為替]{かわせ} and 両｛りょう｝替｛がえ｝?",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "両替 is \"exchanging money\"... it can be in the same currency, and often is, but\ncan be different as well. You'll see 両替しません on signs on registers around town,\ntelling you they won't make change (from yen notes to coins). Similarly, you\nmight see 業務両替禁止 or something to that effect in arcades on their change\nmachines, telling other businesses not to come in and make change.\n\n為替 on the other hand, entails quite a few meanings, but it's easiest to think\nof it as changing the underlying denominator. It can mean cash to stamps or\nother monetary devices, but I think the easiest is thinking of changing one\nforeign currency to another.\n\nWhen speaking in fiscal terminology, I always heard 為替リスク or 為替レート when\nhearing the FX rate or FX risk of some monetary unit. One example was my life\ninsurance policy in Japan that I paid/received in dollars, even though it's\ndomicile was Japan. I even Googled 両替リスク and the first hits that came back\nwere 為替リスク. (Extrapolate that as you will - maybe worth a dig). For what it's\nworth, every time I went to a bank to change money, the term used was always\n両替, but I believe that's short for 外貨両替.\n\nHope that helps.\n\n[A Japanese answer to the same\nquestion](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1142094486)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T16:13:15.257",
"id": "28918",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 28917 | 28918 | 28918 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28931",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"始める\" is transitive while \"始まる\" is its intransitive form. In a textbook, I\ndiscovered:\n\n> (1) 知らないうちに、雨が降り **始めて** いた。 \n> (2) 明治時代の **初め** 、日本は急速に近代化しつつあった。 \n> (3) パーティをやっている最中に、急に雨が降り **出した** 。\n\nIn each of those sentences, shouldn't an intransitive verb be used? Transitive\nverbs require _direct objects_. And, _direct objects_ do not make sense with\nregard to \" _falling rain_ \" and \" _the beginning of an era_ \".\n\nAre these sentence grammatically correct (but perhaps might sound unnatural)?\n\n> (4) 知らないうちに、雨が降り **始まって** いた。 \n> (5) 明治時代の **初まり** 、日本は急速に近代化しつつあった。 \n> (6) パーティをやっている最中に、急に雨が降り **出た** 。\n\nIn the same chapter, I read this sentence which makes total sense to me with\nregard to using the intransitive \"始まる\":\n\n> (7) 決勝戦が今、 **始まろう** としている。\n\nHow can I understand the use of transitive verbs in an intransitive context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T16:14:33.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28919",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T08:08:45.247",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-30T08:08:45.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"transitivity",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "In what contexts can \"始{はじ}める\" be an intransitive verb?",
"view_count": 380
} | [
{
"body": "When used on their own, 始める and 出す are always transitive. However, when used\nas an _auxiliary_ verb, 始める and 出す will always be used instead of their\nintransitive counterparts. The main verb, the verb that this helping verb\nattaches to, is the real determiner of transitivity. Transitivity has nothing\nto do with the auxiliary verb. For example, because 降る is intransitive, 降り始める\nwill also be intransitive. On the other hand, 書く is transitive, so 書き始める is\nalso transitive. The transitivity between the main verb and the auxiliary does\nnot need to correspond.\n\n始まる and 出る cannot be used as auxiliary verbs. It is just ungrammatical. 始める\nand 出す are used every time, as stated above.\n\nAs for 始め, that is its own word and is arguably separate from the verb 始める,\nand it can definitely be used where the verb would typically be intransitive.\nHowever, 始まり is also a valid word for \"beginning\", and the difference between\nthe two is somewhat subtle and tough to explain (but I found an explanation\n[here](http://www.italki.com/question/254404)).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T02:56:03.210",
"id": "28931",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9749",
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"score": 11
}
]
| 28919 | 28931 | 28931 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28936",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a problem understanding this sentence.\n\n>\n> ヒットした映画の続編・続々編が制作されるのも、単に興業収益があがるというだけではなく、2時間程度の映画ではあがるきれないものが多すぎて、その部分を埋めてほしいという観客の要望も背景の一つになっています。\n\nFrom my understanding the first part:\n\n> ヒットした映画の続編・続々編が制作されるのも、単に興業収益があがるというだけではなく、\n\nMeans something like:\n\n> Sequels of popular movies are not only produced to increase the profit,\n\n* * *\n\nFor the next part:\n\n> 2時間程度の映画ではあがるきれないものが多すぎて、\n\ndoes it mean?\n\n> movies with a 2 hour format missing a lot(because it is to much)\n\n* * *\n\nand then the next part is also tricky\n\n> その部分を埋めてほしいという観客の要望も背景の一つになっています。\n\ni came up with something like:\n\n> the desire of the viewers to fill this gap is becoming one with...\n\nbut i have the feeling that i get it totally wrong after the second comma\nstarting with 2時間程度...",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-10-29T16:23:01.487",
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"owner_user_id": "11525",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help me understand this sentence about film",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "To my mind, the sentence is ill-structured on several accounts.\n\nFirst, 「あがるきれない」should definitely be 「あがりきれない」, but even then its meaning is\nunclear in this context, to the point of constituting a wrong word choice.\n\nNevertheless, it can be fairly reasonably inferred that the\npart「2時間程度の映画ではあがりきれないものが多すぎて」is saying something about **the 2-hour movie\nleaving many aspects of the story unexplained or untouched.** (「...きれない」means\nsome kind of \"incompleteness\". )\n\n> ...その部分を埋めてほしいという観客の要望も背景の一つになっています\n\nThis part should translate into:\n\n> \"...the demand from the audience for 'filling in those missing parts' is one\n> of the reasons (for making sequels)\"\n\nwith 「背景(background)」being used synoymously with「理由(reason)」.\n\nOverall, a slightly better version of the passage might read something like:\n\n>\n> 「ヒットした映画の続編・続々編を制作するのは、単に興業収益をあげるためだけではありません。2時間程度の映画ではカバーできない箇所も多く、その部分を埋めてほしいという観客の要望も背景の一つになっています。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T07:26:39.030",
"id": "28936",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T07:26:39.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "28920",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 28920 | 28936 | 28936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28930",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Today I wanted to say that a book was 'colloquial'. I went to my dictionary\nand found:\n\ncolloquial adj. 口語の；\n\nIs it correct to just remove の and write:\n\n> この本は口語です。\n\nOr must this word always be used as an adjective? Is there a general rule for\nの adjectives?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T17:43:23.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28921",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T02:44:12.880",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Can I make a noun from a の adjective in general?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it is acceptable. \"This book is colloquial\" sounds strange to me, since\nyou are describing a book, but that is how you say it.\n\nの-adjectives modify a noun by using の to link the two words. For example,\n「やっぱり」とは口語の言葉です and 「やっぱり」とは口語です both mean the same thing. However, they would\ntranslated as \"やっぱり is a colloquial word\" and \"やっぱり is colloquial\"\nrespectively. The nuance is different, but the meaning is still the same.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T18:41:06.030",
"id": "28922",
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{
"body": "First, 口語 is a noun, and この本は口語です doesn't make much sense. You usually have to\nsay \"この本は口語で書かれています\" or \"この本は口語体で書かれています\". Likewise, この本は料理の本です is OK but\nこの本は料理です is not. (If one has to rapidly sort hundreds of books about various\ntopics, he may just say 「この本は料理、この本は動物、...」, but that's an exception)\n\nSecond, you may have to rethink 口語 is the right word, because 口語 (and its\nantonym 文語) is an ambiguous term. 口語 may refer to:\n\n 1. The style of Japanese mainly used in modern (casual) conversations, as opposed to the style used typically in official documents and news articles.\n 2. Modern Japanese in general, as opposed to [classical Japanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/classical-japanese).\n\nFor example,\n\n * 我、その本を読みけり。 : Unequivocally 文語\n * 私はその本を読みました。 : 文語 or 口語 depending on the context\n * 俺、その本読んだよ。 : Unequivocally 口語\n\nIn other words, one can say that more than 99.9% of the books newly published\ntoday are in 口語 (in the second sense). This confusion is described\n[elsewhere](http://okwave.jp/qa/q4164091/a12511036.html).\n\nIf what you want to mean is the first sense (conversational Japanese), the\nsafer phrases are 話し言葉, 会話のような文体, etc.\n\n> この本は会話のような文体で書かれています。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "28921",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 28921 | 28930 | 28930 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28927",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "It's a word in a song called 「スローモーション」 by サカナクション.\n\nSomewhere in the middle part the song goes like this:\n\n> 行けない **つらりつらり** と行けない\n>\n> それはつまりつまりはスローモーション\n>\n> ふわりふわり漂う 僕はまるで雪のよう\n\nI didn't find lyrics with a kanji of this word in it, so つらり is given in\nhiragana only. And I can't guess it from the context either. Is it 辛い in a\nspecial form, or 面 in a special form? Or maybe an iconic expression like\nざらざら、ごろごろ etc.?\n\n[Here](http://rocklyric.jp/lyric.php?sid=88814/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3)\nis the link to the full lyrics (for further understanding, if needed).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T19:18:18.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28923",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-04T18:00:51.930",
"last_edit_date": "2015-10-29T19:51:12.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "11253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What does つらり mean?",
"view_count": 633
} | [
{
"body": "There is an uncommon adverb つらつら(と) which either means:\n\n * [熟々](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/148490/meaning/m0u/): thoroughly, carefully. よくよく.\n * 滑々(?): smoothly, fluently, easily, without thinking deeply. すんなり, つるつる, すらすら.\n\nThe two definitions seemingly conflict with each other. Actually the former is\nthe \"dictionary definition\", [which confuses\nsome](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1022827180).\nThe latter is the [common usage](http://okwave.jp/qa/q7672704.html) IMO.\nHiragana is almost always used for both cases.\n\nThe lyrics are hard to logically understand, but I think this つらりつらり is a\nvariation of the latter above. Inserting り in certain adverbs is very common.\n（すらすら → すらりすらり, ぐるぐる → ぐるりぐるり, きらきら → きらりきらり）\n\nSo つらりつらりと行けない should mean something like \"I can't go smoothly\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T22:25:28.540",
"id": "28926",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-29T23:26:42.687",
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{
"body": "The lyrics are pretty straightforward but this portion is a little cryptic. \nWhile I can't be 100%, I can give you my opinion (after all i'm not the\nwriter).\n\nつらり normally means close to ずらり or 全部. So...\n\n> 行けない つらり[つらり]と行けない\n\nThe literal translation is \"can't go. Can't go in completely\". This is your\nanswer.\n\nNow, the key to truly understanding what it means is in the rest of the\nlyrics.\n\n> \"それはつまりつまりはスローモーション\"\n\nwhich means \"that is in other words slow motion\", indicating つらり to be the\nopposite of slow motion, or slowly. And the rest of the lyrics indicates\nfrustration of not getting off at the place he was heading (終着駅）, and throwing\naway [something] before it completely accumulated. Whether the actual line\nmeans his inability to commit or to not being able to do things that matter to\nhim quickly, it sure sounds like he knows what that means to his future. A sad\nsong.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T22:39:17.273",
"id": "28927",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-29T23:27:10.837",
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"score": 0
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{
"body": "If it's ずらり it might be \"lined up / in a row\" as in one person behind the\nother or one-by-one. The phrase could be interpreted as:\n\n行けない つらりつらりと行けない I can't go, one-by-one I can't go\n\nそれはつまりつまりはスローモーション That is, in other words, slow motion",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-04T18:00:51.930",
"id": "78413",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-04T18:00:51.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39566",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 28923 | 28927 | 28926 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've tried Voicetext.jp and Google's text to voice service to read this\n\n> 四中の\n\nIt reads something like\n\n> Yon-chū no\n\nBut Google suggested this romanization, which left me doubtful\n\n> Shi-chū no\n\nSo, I have been redirected to a [similar\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/328/how-to-choose-\nbetween-%E3%82%88%E3%82%93-yon-vs-%E3%81%97-shi-\nfor-%E5%9B%9B-4-and-%E3%81%97%E3%81%A1-shichi-vs) discussing why there is\ndifferent pronunciations of the numbers 4, 7 and 9 (maybe there's more).\n\nFrom the given answers, I can't decide how to read things like\n\n> 足立区立第四中学校\n\nBecause none of the examples addressed there were close enough to school\nnames, rankings and such...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-29T22:47:51.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28928",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T22:42:57.773",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11523",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "\"Yon\" vs. \"Shi\" in school names",
"view_count": 1229
} | [
{
"body": "In your case, it is fairly easy: do not think that 四 is an isolated entity. It\ncomes with 第, with `第四｛だいよん｝`, meaning `The fourth`.\n\nIn this case, whenever you encounter a counter, go with the 訓｛くん｝読｛よ｝み. This\nwas highlighted in the answer you linked:\n\n> Kunyomi is typically used in cases where you point out you have X of some\n> item.\n\nFor example, you would say 四枚｛よんまい｝ to count flat things, 四本｛よんほん｝ to count\ncylindrical things, 四番目｛よんばんめ｝ which is another way of saying fourth, 四匹｛よんひき｝\nto count animals and so on...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T01:40:51.383",
"id": "28929",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-30T01:40:51.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3614",
"parent_id": "28928",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 28928 | 28929 | 28929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Whenever I leave my office building for lunch a guard in charge greets me\n(everyone) with a:\n\n> お疲れさまです。いらっしゃいませ。\n\n**Edit:** This is [a recording of what I\nheard](https://www.dropbox.com/s/tu8lquc81tkrnz1/i--shaimase.mp3?dl=0). Based\non comments I received under this question and what I set my ears to hear, I\ndo hear either いらっしゃいませ or いってらっしゃいませ when playing back.\n\n* * *\n\nOriginal question:\n\nI am used to hearing the phrase いらっしゃいませ for \"welcome\" (explained to come from\n居る \"be\" or or 来る \"come\"), but in this case I am leaving, it's not my\ndestination and I won't spend more than a second hanging around the guard.\n\nWhy isn't it odd? If it's indeed いらっしゃいませ what image should I create in my\nmind when told so? Me coming to the guard's place, me leaving the building, me\nbeing, me leaving and coming back?",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T03:48:41.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28932",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-10T12:23:07.673",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-10T12:23:07.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "Hearing いらっしゃいませ when leaving the building. Why?",
"view_count": 645
} | [
{
"body": "いらっしゃいませ is one of those words that can mean its own opposite -- at least,\nfrom an English speaker's perspective. It's the imperative or command form of\na super-polite 敬語【けいご】 word that can mean: _to go_ , _to come_ , or simply _to\nbe_.\n\nThat said, given it's etymological origins in the word 入る【いる】, and the way the\nterm is often used by shopkeepers to mean _come on in_ , your guess at _come\nback [into the building]_ is probably right.\n\nUPDATE\n\nThere's some interesting commentary by native speakers under the question\npost, pointing to a greater likelihood that the いらっしゃいませ heard by the asker is\ninstead a slurred or informally contracted 行ってらっしゃいませ. This would seem to\nbetter fit the stated situations in which the asker has heard the phrase.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T05:34:04.100",
"id": "28933",
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 28932 | null | 28933 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28949",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 俺が覚えてなかろうと、俺に人殺しをするつもりがなかったとしても、そんなものは何の意味も持ちえない。\n\nHow can I translate this sentence?\n\nなかろう I think is the volitional of ない. So volitional+と= Be about to, try to do.\nIt can be used to say even though when you find であろうとなかろうと\n\nてない=ていない Not being in a certain state.\n\nV-masu+える=Can, able, possible. V-masu+えない=Can't, unable, not possible.\n\nMy translation would be:\n\nEven if I do not remember, Even if there was no intention for me to kill, all\nof that is meaningless (lit. can't have any meaning).\n\nI am not sure though since the fantranslation is:\n\nWhat I remember and how much I did not want to kill are meaningless.\n\nSo could someone explain to me if I got てなかろうと right or not? If not can\nsomeone tell me why?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T13:30:03.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28939",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "V+て なかろうと meaning",
"view_count": 928
} | [
{
"body": "覚えてなかろうと equals to 覚えてなかったとしても or 覚えてないにしても and such\n\nSo it roughly means something like, even if i don't remember, whether i\nremeber it or not, and such.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-31T01:04:06.573",
"id": "28948",
"last_activity_date": "2015-10-31T01:04:06.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "The う in なかろうと is an auxiliary verb ([助動詞]{じょ・どう・し}) and as chocoさん says in\ncomment, the と is a conjunctive particle ([接続助詞]{せつ・ぞく・じょ・し}). The combination\nof 助動詞「う」 and 接続助詞「と」 expresses that the statement is hypothetical, and the\nfollowing statement (which is 「そんなものは何の意味も持ちえない」 in this case) contrasts with\nthe former statement which includes うと.\n\nThe link in chocoさん's comment is the definitions of [助詞]{じょ・し}「と」. The forth\ndefinition in the second section is the one which explains the meaning of this\nkind of うと. The definition is already cited in chocoさん's comment below this\nanswer, but it's important, so I bring it up here gratefully.\n\n> ４． **[逆接]{ぎゃく・せつ}の[仮定]{か・てい}[条件]{じょう・けん}を[表]{あらわ}す** 。たとえ…であっても。…ても。\n>\n> ㋐ [意志]{い・し}・[推量]{すい・りょう}の[助動詞]{じょ・どう・し}「う」「よう」「まい」などに[付]{つ}く。\n\n[覚]{おぼ}える is a verb. It's not 覚 ＋ える. If the word [得]{え}る is added to 覚える in\norder to mean _can_ , _able_ , or _possible_ , it would become 覚え得る which is\nread おぼえ **う** る. Instead of [覚]{おぼ}え[得]{う}る, 「[覚]{おぼ}えられる」 is commonly used\nthese days, though.\n\nThe listing below is the grammatical composition of the phrase 覚えてなかろうと.\n\n> **[覚]{おぼ}え** ：Verb ([動詞]{どう・し})「[覚]{おぼ}える」 in the Continuative form\n> ([連用形]{れん・よう・けい})\n>\n> **て** ：Conjunctive particle ([接続助詞]{せつ・ぞく・じょ・し})\n>\n> **なかろ** ：Subsidiary adjective ([補助形容詞]{ほ・じょ・けい・よう・し})「ない」 in the Irrealis\n> form ([未然形]{み・ぜん・けい})\n>\n> **う** ：Auxiliary verb ([助動詞]{じょ・どう・し}) in the Terminal form\n> ([終止形]{しゅう・し・けい})\n>\n> **と** ：Conjunctive particle ([接続助詞]{せつ・ぞく・じょ・し})\n\nSo, the うと makes [覚]{おぼ}えてない hypothetical, which means, the fan-translation\n\"What I remember\" is not accurate, and your translation \"Even if I do not\nremember\" correctly expresses the literal meaning of 覚えてなかろうと and the contrast\nnuance it implies.\n\n覚えてなかろうと is equivalent to 覚えてなくても in meaning, although 覚えてなかろうと sounds a bit\nmore dramatic than 覚えてなくても.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-10-31T01:04:19.713",
"id": "28949",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 28939 | 28949 | 28949 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I´m reading [this article](http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000208692) and the\nsentence below looks weird to me. I copied it as it is in this article:\n\n> 拒否しよう **と** 決心した気持ちに **対抗できずに** 、言われるままに行動してしまう主人公の姿は、現代人の中にも根強く生きていると感じる。\n\nThere are some parts which I struggle with.\n\n> 拒否しよう **と** 決心した気持ちに **対抗できずに**\n\nI have trouble understanding the meanings of と and 対抗できずに. \nThis seems illogical to me. \nWhat do you think about it?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-10-30T15:33:30.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28940",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:20:44.103",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-13T08:20:44.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "11580",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Isn't there something wrong in this sentence? Does 対抗できずに create semantic conflict?",
"view_count": 444
} | [
{
"body": "> 「拒否しよう」と決心した気持ちに対抗できずに \n> unable to beat/resist his/her (own) resolution to say no\n\n * 「拒否しよう」>> \"I will refuse\" \"I won't obey\" \"I'll say no\" \n * と >> the case particle as a quotative marker \n * 決心した気持ち >> determined mind, decision, resolution \n * に対抗できずに ≒ に対抗できなくて/できないで >> \"Not being able to beat/resist...\" \"Unable to beat/resist...\" \n\n* * *\n\nEdit:\n\n私には、「拒否しようと決心した気持ちに対抗できず」と「言われるままに行動してしまう」が、互いに相反する内容に思われて、なぜここで「対抗できず」という言葉が使われているか分かりません。どなたかお分かりになる方、ご回答くださいませんか。\n\n* * *\n\nUpdate: I confirmed this with a Japanese language teacher so here's how I read\nit:\n\nAs you can see, this is logically incompatible with the 言われるままに行動してしまう part. I\nthink the writer meant to write something like\n拒否しようと決心した気持ちを[貫]{つらぬ}き通せずに、言われるままに行動してしまう主人公 (The hero, who ends up doing as\nhe is told, unable to act up to his resolution to say no), but chose the wrong\nword 対抗 for some reason.",
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| 28940 | null | 28963 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28946",
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"body": "An example is the following:\n\n> * 電気がついています。けしましょうか。\n> * いいえ、つけておいてください。\n>\n\nThe question is, can I translate the last part as \"Please, leave them turned\non\", so that the whole translation is:\n\n> * The lights are on. Should I turn them off?\n> * No, please, leave them turned on.\n>\n\nHow would you translate the phrase \"Please leave them turned on\"?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 4,
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "つけておいてください translation",
"view_count": 280
} | [
{
"body": "(Since I cannot comment, I place my translation here)\n\nI will translate like this\n\n> No, please keep it on.\n\nBecause the implication is a habit in Japanese. I prefer **\"keep it on\"** for\nshorter presentation.\n\nOR\n\n> No, please keep the light on.",
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| 28941 | 28946 | 28946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28994",
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"body": "I'm aware of two ways to say \"try\"\n\n> 1) verb-てみる Try (for the first time) to see how it is\n>\n> 2) verb-vol とする\n\nNow, I've seen it said that 2) is used when failure is involved e.g. I tried\nto answer the phone but I didn't get there in time. But it thought it was more\ngenerally used for \"I'll attempt to do something and it will probably work out\nfine, but there may be difficulties.\n\nYesterday I wrote this sentence:\n\n> ちびまる子ちゃんという本を読もうとしています\n>\n> I'm trying to read a book called Chibi Maruko-chan.\n\nSome people said the sentence was fine but I got two corrections:\n\n> ちびまる子ちゃんという本を読もうと思って、読んでいます\n>\n> I think I will read ちびまる子ちゃん and I'm reading it (my literal translation)\n>\n> ちびまる子ちゃんという本を読もうと思っています\n>\n> I think I will read ちびまる子ちゃん (my literal translation)\n\nI'm puzzled. What has \"thinking about reading\" got to do with \"trying to\nread\"? Have I misunderstood how to use verb-vol とする? Thanks.",
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"tags": [
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],
"title": "Different ways to \"try\"",
"view_count": 519
} | [
{
"body": "> 読もうと思って\n\ncarries a more positive meaning. You say to your friend that \"you have thought\nabout reading it\".\n\n> 読もうとしたら\n\nmeans you attempted to read the book, but in the end you didn't manage to do\nit.\n\nIt can also mean that you are trying to read it at this very moment. When you\nuse the corrected sentence, it will mean you wanted to read it at some point\nin time, but not when you are pronouncing the sentence.",
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"creation_date": "2015-10-30T19:40:23.750",
"id": "28943",
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"body": "_Trying to read_ can sometimes be indistinguishable from _thinking of reading_\n, in that you may not have started the act of reading at all. Maybe this\nambiguity prompted those “corrections”.\n\n* * *\n\n## 1. I was trying to read X, but it's out of print.\n\nIn this case, **読もうと思った** が絶版{ぜっぱん}だ is pretty much the same as **読もうとした**\nが絶版だ. You are at the purely volitional stage, or _attempting to start_\nreading, and not in the midst of reading. Then it can safely be rephrased as\n_I was thinking of reading_ or _I was going to read_.\n\nMany uses of 〜ようとする are in this category, where you can replace it with 〜と思う\nwithout consequence. For example, these sentences are basically the same, so\nmuch that it would be inappropriate to translate it as _trying_ :\n\n> 出かけ **ようとした** ら雨{あめ}が降って{ふって}きたのでやめた \n> 出かけ **ようと思った** ら雨が降ってきたのでやめた \n> _I was going to leave but then it started raining so I didn't._\n\n* * *\n\n## 2. I was trying to read X, and I had trouble with this sentence.\n\nWhen you have clearly started reading, 読もうと思う is obviously not a suitable\nchoice. 読もうとする is not wrong, but if you want to make it absolutely clear that\nyou are in the attempt of reading (and not just attempting to start reading),\nyou can also say something like:\n\n> ちびまる子ちゃんという本を読むのに挑戦{ちょうせん}しています\n\nThis can have the nuance of trying something new or challenging, and doesn't\nhave to be as weighty as a _challenge_ per se. 新しい食べ物に挑戦しよう ( _Let's try a new\nfood_ ), いつもは聴かない{きかない}音楽{おんがく}に挑戦した ( _I tried some music I don't usually\nlisten to_ ), etc.",
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| 28942 | 28994 | 28994 |
{
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"body": "As I was taught, with verbs and adjectives, when you want to express an\nexcessive degree, you simply attach 「すぎる」 to the stem of the word, as below.\n\n> **食【た】べ** る **食べ** 過ぎる\n>\n> 多【おお】い **多** すぎる\n\nHowever, when it comes to negative forms, there seem to be cases where 「さ」 is\nappended before 「すぎる」, and cases where 「さ」 is not.\n\nFor example, I have recently heard:\n\n> おもしろく **なさすぎる**\n>\n> 知ら **なすぎる**\n>\n> 知ら **なさすぎる**\n\nWhen is this 「さ」 needed? Is it perhaps optional only for verbs? In the case\nthat it is optional, is there a difference between having and leaving out 「さ」?",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Should I use 「なすぎる」 or 「なさすぎる」?",
"view_count": 2197
} | [
{
"body": "Referencing the answer\n[here](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1014406135):\n\nThe 「ない」s in 「食べない」 and 「多くない」 are different. The first is an auxiliary verb,\nand the second is an adjective.\n\nIt seems the \"traditionally correct\" way is to first add the 「さ」 in the case\nof the adjective, and to directly attach 「すぎる」 in the case of the auxiliary\nverb.\n\nFor example, as you heard:\n\n> おもしろくな **さすぎる**\n>\n> 知らな **すぎる**\n\nHowever, in practical usage, there is also an increasingly popular trend to\nattach the 「さ」 in both cases, as in:\n\n> し **なさすぎる**\n>\n> 知ら **なさすぎる**",
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| 28944 | 28945 | 28945 |
{
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"body": "Japanese counters such as 一つ are adverbs even though they describe nouns such\nas in the following sentence.\n\n> りんごを一つ食べた\n\nIt is clear that 一つ refers to the amount of apples. However, what do adverbs\nsuch as たくさん and ちょっと refer to when they are used, the amount of nouns the\nverb was done to or the amount of the verb that was done? For example\n\n> りんごをたくさん食べた\n\nDoes たくさん refer to the amount of apples eaten or does it refer to the amount\nof the verb done such as how \"a lot\" describes how much running was done in a\nsentence like \"yesterday, I ran a lot\"? Some other examples are\n\n> 人がたくさん死んだ\n>\n> Many people died.\n>\n> 私はたくさん死んだ\n>\n> I died a lot.\n\nI am not sure if these interpretations are correct, mainly because I don't\nknow if たくさん as an adverb describes the noun or the verb. The former has たくさん\nseemingly describe the amount of nouns, but the latter has たくさん describe the\namount of the verb done. ちょっと is also confusing. りんごをちょっと食べた sounds natural,\nbut 人がちょっと死んだ doesn't sounds natural and does not feel like an opposite of\n人がたくさん死んだ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-10-31T04:30:21.833",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs",
"quantifiers"
],
"title": "How do adverbs denoting amounts such as たくさん and ちょっと work?",
"view_count": 459
} | [
{
"body": "It has to do a lot with the particle used after the subject, but the thinking\nis a little bit different than in English.\n\nYou can use just たくさん食べた without any subject before it, and it still works\ndepending on the context.\n\nThese kind of adverbs are ambiguous in nature. If there is a context then it\nmodifies the context, but if there isn't one, it's a verb modifier.\n\n> ちょっと食べた\n>\n> (I) ate a little\n>\n> りんごをちょっと食べた\n>\n> (I) ate a little of the apple\n\nAlso, if you want to be less ambiguous, you should use these modifiers before\nthe subject (But be careful, not all modifiers can be used)\n\n> りんごをたくさん食べた\n>\n> (I) ate a lot of apples (ambiguous)\n>\n> たくさんのりんごを食べた\n>\n> (I) ate a lot of apples (unambiguous)",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-04T05:32:06.960",
"id": "29007",
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"body": "It's the excellent question! I've never thought it, but it is obviously\nconfusing.\n\n> OK:子供が、りんごをたくさん食べた。＝子供が、たくさんのりんごを食べた。\n\n\"食べる\" is a transitive verb, so it requires an object. \nThe statement just \"たくさん食べた\" is incomplete, an object is required.\n\nEven you can say \"たくさん\" of \"たくさん食べた\" modifies \"食べた,\" but semantically \"たくさん\"\nmodifies the object of \"食べた\" or \"りんご.\" Thus \"りんごをたくさん食べた\" means\n\"たくさんのりんごを食べた.\" \"たくさん\" semantically modifies \"りんご.\"\n\nOK:妹が、りんごを一つ食べた。＝妹が、一つのりんごを食べた。 \nOK:私は、りんごをちょっと食べた。＝私は、ちょっとのりんごを食べた。\n\nActually we say \"たくさんのりんご,\" \"一つのりんご,\" but don't say \"ちょっとのりんご.\" Even\n\"ちょっとのりんご\" is an odd expression it could make sense as \"small amount of\napples\".\n\n> OK: \"人がたくさん死んだ\" = \"たくさんの人が死んだ\" \n> NG: \"私はたくさん死んだ\" = \"たくさんの私は死んだ\" \n> \"たくさんの私\" doesn't make sense.\n\n\"死ぬ\" is an intransive verb, it doesn't require an object. It requires a\nsubject.\n\nIn the senence \"<主語>がたくさん死んだ,\" \"たくさん\" semantically modifies <主語> as\n\"たくさんの<主語>,\" then <主語> in this context has to have plural form. So we can take\n\"人\", \"魚{さかな}\" or \"兵士\" as the subject of \"たくさん死んだ\", but we can't take \"私.\"\n\nI as a Buddhist can say \"神がたくさんいます。\" I can't say \"妻がたくさんいます。\"",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-10T08:13:20.197",
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| 28950 | null | 29007 |
{
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"body": "I have a problem understanding the meaning of the following sentence:\n\n> 子供が心配の種になるのは事実であるが、ゆとりを与えてくれるかは不確実である。\n\nweblio translates it to\n\n> Children when they are little make parents fools.\n\nBut what are the meanings of `心配の種になる`and `ゆとりを与える`? After some research and\nguess, here is my own translation:\n\n> It is the fact that children always make us worry, but whether they give a\n> think about /realize (understand) that or not is uncertain.\n\nCan some one provide a translation that is more literal than what weblio\ngives?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-10-31T05:53:40.377",
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"last_editor_user_id": "4422",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What are the meanings of 心配の種になる and ゆとりを与える?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "心配の種になる = become cause of worry\n\nゆとりを与えてくれる = give leeway/peace of mind\n\n\"It is certain that children will cause worry, but uncertain that they will\ngive peace of mind.\" Seems like an overly literal Japanese translation of the\nphrase \"Children are certain cares and uncertain comforts.\" The given\ntranslation was probably assigned in error.",
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"id": "28955",
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| 28951 | null | 28955 |
{
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"body": "I found [an answer saying that 「さくや」is the correct reading of\n「昨夜」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/278/4623), but despite that I often\nencounter it as「ゆうべ」.\n\nIs there a difference in meaning or are both readings interchangeable?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-10-31T10:04:54.773",
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"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "How to decide whether to read 「昨夜」 as 「さくや」 or「 ゆうべ」?",
"view_count": 1359
} | [
{
"body": "Both are correct readings. It depends a lot on the context, but ゆうべ is\ninformal and さくや is formal.\n\nThe same can be seen in 明日 with あす and あした, or in 昨日 with きのう and さくじつ.",
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| 28952 | 29008 | 29008 |
{
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"body": "橋 reads as はし but 新橋 reads as しんばし\n\n澤 as さわ and 金澤 as かなざわ etc.\n\nany rules for how to pronounce?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-10-31T13:42:40.163",
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"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of 清音 and 濁音",
"view_count": 80
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| 28953 | null | null |
{
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"body": "I have found the following sentence in my practising book (only 日本 is written\nin kanji because it's in one of the first lessons):\n\n> 日本は しまが ６８５２ とう あります。\n\n 1. I am guessing that とう is the counter for islands. Is that right?\n 2. Can it be written 島 like しま?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-01T00:29:38.627",
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"id": "28957",
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"owner_user_id": "9341",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "Counter for islands?",
"view_count": 1391
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct on both accounts. With the kanji for 島 being used, this\nsentence would be written as\n\n> 日本は島が６８５２島あります。\n\nThe first 島 would use the kun reading しま and the second would use the on\nreading とう.\n\nSource: <http://www.benricho.org/kazu/shi.html>",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-01T01:03:12.627",
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| 28957 | 28958 | 28958 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29010",
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"body": "> 頭のどこかで諦めてしまっている。体に力が入らず、何より **気力がつきかけていた** 。\n\nI'm not sure how to interpret the meaning of かける in this sentence. What\nmeaning does it have here?\n\nAlso, is this つき **尽き** or **付き?**",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-01T05:27:05.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28960",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-01T09:17:31.553",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11108",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "気力がつきかけていた: What meaning does かける have here? And which つき is this?",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "It's 尽き\n\nかける means almost\n\nExample:\n\n> 終わりかけた\n>\n> (I) almost finished",
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| 28960 | 29010 | 29010 |
{
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"body": "Here's the sentence:\n\n\n\nHmmm, all I could get was \"Susana\"?\n\nBut I don't really understand why quoting \"ス\" makes sense.\n\nIs this a valid sentence?",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is this a valid sentence?",
"view_count": 76
} | [
{
"body": "Those aren't quotes; they're the kana デ and ズ next to each other.\n\nAll together, the thing reads 「スサナ エルナンデズ」. This looks like an attempted\ntranscription of the name \"Susanna Hernandez\" into katakana.\n\nI suspect the person who wrote it is relatively new to the language - the ン\nlooks like a ソ, and assuming that \"Susanna\" is pronounced as it is in English,\nthe first name should be スザナ, possibly with some long vowels thrown in.",
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{
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"body": "Situation from a story: 侍A is pursuing 侍B. 侍A meets 町人C and interrogates him:\n\n> 侍B (some description)、逃げては来なんだかな。\n\nI guess it must mean something like \"didn't he come here while running away?\"\n\nI cannot quite understand the form 来なんだかな here. The answer to [this\nquestion](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1287751347)\nsuggests 来なん is a phrase expressing a desire. It does not seem to be the case,\nwhere 侍A seemingly is wondering.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"kansai-ben",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "The meaning of 来なんだ (a seemingly archaic form)",
"view_count": 752
} | [
{
"body": "来なんだ = 来なかった. The negative past. You often hear this form in 時代劇 and from old\npeople in fiction (think [波平]{なみへい} in Sazaesan, Dumbledore in Harry\nPotter...)\n\n> **デジタル大辞泉** の解説 \n> **なんだ［助動］** \n>\n>\n> ［助動］［なんだら｜なんで（なんだり）｜なんだ｜なんだ（なんだる）｜なんだれ｜○］動詞型活用語の未然形に付く。過去の打消しの意を表す。なかった。 \n>\n> [補説]語源は未詳。打消しの助動詞「ぬ」に「あった」の付いた「ぬあった」の音変化とみる説や、打消しの「なん」に過去の「た」が付いた助動詞からとする説など、諸説がある。室町時代から江戸後期まで用いられたが、江戸末期からは「なかった」がそれに代わった。現在では、主に関西方言に行われる。 \n> 「売薬の外は誰にも逢わ **なんだ** ことは」〈鏡花・高野聖〉 \n> 「実否ヲ未ダ決シサセラレ **ナンダレ** バ」〈天草本伊曽保・イソポが生涯〉 \n> 「物しったり物しら **なんだ** り、物しり物しらずさ」〈滑・浮世床・初〉\n\n[Digital\nDaijisen](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0-590581) gives a\ncouple of theories about the development of this form and tells us it was used\nfrom the Muromachi era to the late Edo era, after which ～なかった took over. It\ngoes on to say that in the modern era the form remains mainly in Kansai\ndialects.\n\nRegarding its modern usage in Kansai Japanese,\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#.E5.85.B1.E9.80.9A.E8.AA.9E.E3.82.84.E4.BB.96.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80.E3.81.A8.E3.81.AE.E6.8E.A5.E8.A7.A6.E3.81.AB.E3.82.88.E3.82.8B.E5.A4.89.E5.8C.96.E3.81.AE.E4.BE.8B)\nsays that ～んかった is becoming more popular than ～なんだ which fits with my\nimpression:\n\n>\n> 西日本に多い否定の助動詞「ん」の過去表現は本来「…なんだ」であるが「ん」と共通語「…なかった」が交じり合って「…んかった」という形が生まれ、「…なんだ」に取って代わりつつある。 \n> （例）知らなんだ→知らんかった",
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| 28964 | 28965 | 28965 |
{
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"body": "In a story book I found this construct:\n\n> 「sentence where one character insults another」そこまで言うか。\n\nLiterally \"Does he say until there\". I can only guess that it means \"He went\nas far as to say ...\" or something like that. But it that's true, then why the\nか?\n\nIt's possible that そこまで言うか is a separate sentence not attached to the quotes.\nMaybe \"Did he really say that?\" would work. Dosen't seem like something I'd\nexpect the narrator (who is not part of the story) to say though.\n\nIs this a fixed formula I should learn or am I missing the obvious\ntranslation? Thanks.",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Meaning of そこまで言うか",
"view_count": 848
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{
"body": "It's more like accusing the other party of being a jerk.\n\n> 「あいつは心底使えない。辞めてくれれば清々するのに」 \n> 「そこまで言うか」(You guys were friends just a few days ago!)\n\n.\n\n> 「あいつはハゲ、デブ、チビと三拍子揃ってるし、一生結婚は無理だろうな」 \n> 「そこまで言うか」 ( _That's_ a bit going too far)\n\nThe `か` can express both a question or a strong emotional reaction. You can\nalso say そこまで言う？ but in this case, it's always a question or accusation (and\nthus you must always pronounce it as a question), whereas そこまで言うか can be used\nin different tones because `か` does not always indicate a question (rather, it\njust indicates a strong feeling aka 感嘆). For example:\n\n> 「お前はパチンコばっかりで、親らしいこと一回もしたことがないだろう。最低な奴だ！」 \n> 「そこまで言うか。。。」 (half admitting and sad)\n\nIn the above example you can NOT use そこまで言う because it would change the\nmeaning.",
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| 28966 | 28972 | 28972 |
{
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"body": "When I listen to \"watashi wa\", for example, sometimes I have the impression\nthat the 'w' sounds like 'v' as in \"vial\" or \"violence\" in English (Similar to\n'w' in the German Language). Nevertheless, I also have the impression of\nlistening 'w' as in \"wonderful\" sometimes, so I'm confused. Do the Japanese\nuse both sounds? How 'w' is pronounced?",
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"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How is 'w' pronounced?",
"view_count": 7731
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{
"body": "There is no \"w\", except in \"wa\", so you only have to learn that. And it helps\nto see a Japanese MC on tv with a microphone and a constant toothy grin, while\ntalking furiously. This is an important key, because it demonstrates that\nJapanese can be spoken without ever moving the lips sideways. So the beginning\nof the 'wa' syllable is basically done by opening your lips like a letterbox,\nwith purely vertical movement.\n\nIn loanwords, the combinations ウィ, ウェ, and ウォ also occur, but again these can\nbe made with the microphone and grin uninterrupted, simply moving the lips\nvertically. But what cannot occur is ウゥ: not only does it not make sense,\nsince you would be replacing the end of a vowel with itself, but typically\nJapanese speakers find it essentially impossible to pronounce (e.g.)\n\"Woolworths\", which demands that the \"w\" represents a sideways opening of the\nlips (twice!)",
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"body": "## Short answer:\n\nJapanese has two semivowels, /y/ and /w/.\n\n 1. The semivowel /y/ is pronounced like the vowel /i/.\n\n 2. The semivowel /w/ is pronounced like the vowel /u/.\n\nTo say `や`, try saying `いあ` /ia/, but focus on transitioning smoothly from one\nvowel to the other. You'll end up with a `や` /ya/ sound. Likewise, to say `わ`,\nstart by saying `うあ` /ua/, but go smoothly from the first vowel to the second.\nYou'll end up with a `わ` /wa/ sound.\n\nThis is why Japanese has never had /wu/ or /yi/ sequences, even in Old\nJapanese. If you start with an `う` sound and end with an `う` sound, you just\nget /u/, not /wu/. Likewise for /i/, not /yi/.\n\nJapanese /w/ is not pronounced [v].\n\n* * *\n\n## Long answer:\n\nTo pronounce Japanese /w/ properly, you'll have to learn how to pronounce\nJapanese /u/ properly.\n\nIn IPA, the Japanese vowel /u/ is usually transcribed [ɯ], which is the symbol\nfor a **high back unrounded vowel** , but it's not exactly the same [ɯ] sound\nyou'll find in some other languages. Although in rapid speech it may be\nunrounded, in careful speech the lips are \"compressed\", which is a little\ndifferent from what is usually called \"rounded\" or \"unrounded\":\n\n> In compression [ . . . ] the jaw closes and brings the lips together\n> vertically so that the side portions are in contact, but there's no\n> conspicuous protrusion. Figure 3-3 illustrates with a Japanese /u/. The\n> clear lip compression shown in Figure 3-3 is characteristic of careful\n> pronunciation (§2.12) in Japanese.8 In connected speech at normal\n> conversational tempos, compression is generally weaker, and often totally\n> absent. As a result, Japanese /u/ is commonly described as unrounded.\n>\n> ( _The Sounds of Japanese_ , Vance 2008, p54-55)\n\nAnd here's the picture from the book:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N81fa.jpg)\n\nThe Japanese /w/ is the semivowel version of the same sound. The IPA symbol\nfor this is [ɰ] (and again, this may be a little different from [ɰ] in other\nlanguages because of the lip compression, at least in careful speech).\n\nOnce you can pronounce the Japanese [ɯ] properly, try making the same shape\nwith your mouth, but transition smoothly to the following vowel [ɑ]. You\nshould come up with a proper `わ` /wa/ sound.\n\n* * *\n\n## A note about phonotactics\n\nAlthough in general in Modern Japanese /w/ only appears before /a/, you may\nhear a non-phonemic [ɰ] inserted in certain contexts before /o/, and in recent\nloans (外来語), you may come across the sequences /wi/ /we/ and /wo/ (spelled\n`ウィ`, `ウェ`, and `ウォ` in kana). Speakers may not pronounce these consistently\ntoday, but the sequences do seem to be re-entering the language through\nloanwords, and you may hear them from time to time. You may also hear them in\ncolloquial pronunciations like `怖ぇ` /koweʜ/, although other speakers may\nsimply drop the /w/ as expected (resulting in /koeʜ/).\n\nSo it's not entirely true that [ɰ] is limited to `わ` /wa/.",
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| 28967 | 28968 | 28968 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading a manga and ういっく has come up three different times. Unfortunately,\nit's the only word/phrase so I can't garner what it means based on context.\nI've attached the three panels in which I've found this word. Someone, please\ntell me what it means as I know I'm missing a subtle nuance to the wordplay\ngoing on in the manga.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BhjJS.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fUIvu.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ewEDA.jpg)",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "meaning of: ういっく",
"view_count": 352
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{
"body": "> うぃっく\n\nIt's an imitative sound of a hiccup often used to describe drunk people.",
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| 28969 | 28971 | 28971 |
{
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"body": "The context is a coach's comment after losing a soccer game. (Full article\nhere - <http://www.giravanz.jp/game/report/2015/match39.html>)\n\n>\n> 苦しい時間帯に何とか凌ぎながらゼロ失点でいくと勝ちゲームの流れを作れるのですが、ただ今日のゲームで言うと、あそこで耐えきれない、失点してしまうというのがまだまだ自分たちでゲームを作れないというゲームだったのではないかなと思います。\n\nMy translation: We can tide over hard times, not concede and win games, but\nfor today's game I think we couldn't hold them out and couldn't play how we\nwanted.\n\nI'm pretty sure I understand the meaning, but I'm struggling to get it\nsounding natural in English. Any feedback would be appreciated. Thank you.",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Need help translating a sentence",
"view_count": 202
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{
"body": "I think the first half of the translation will be more clear if you phrase it\nas an if–then statement:\n\n> 苦しい時間帯に 何とか凌ぎながらゼロ失点でいくと 勝ちゲームの流れを作れる \n> _If we can somehow manage to get through the difficult times of a game\n> without losing points, we can set up the flow of a winning game_\n\nThe second half of your translation is fine. Since they couldn't hold them\nout, it was a game that showed they still were incapable of taking charge of a\ngame.\n\n(If it makes you feel any better, that Japanese sentence is rambling and\npoorly edited. It's a run-on, and doesn't even sound natural in Japanese. To\nmake it sound natural in English, you might want to break it up into two\nsentences.)",
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| 28974 | 28989 | 28989 |
{
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"body": "I don't understand why 口座, \"(bank) account\" is written with the kanji 座 in\nit...\n\nI got that 口 conveyed the idea of a number of something from the 広辞苑 which\nhave this definition :\n\n> 人または物件の数（をかぞえる語）。\n\nBut what about the other?",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Meaning of 座 in 口座",
"view_count": 324
} | [
{
"body": "座{ざ} literally meaning a _seat_ stands here for a _place_ - a designated spot\nwhere a certain action (like transactions occurred).\n\nThe word 座 was historically used for a _trade guild_ (and wikipedia\n[article](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A7) further explains further\ntheories behind its origins); the character is used in the word 銀座{ぎんざ} for a\n_mint_ and is also commonly used in names of theatres (like 松竹座{しょうちくざ})\n\nSo while contemporary bank account might be just a set of records in a\ndatabase, the word 銀行口座 originates from the place you go to perform bank\ntransactions.",
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"body": "Backing up macraf's answer regarding the 座 part, Shogakukan's _Kokugo Dai\nJiten_ notes this as the first definition for 口座 (emphasis mine):\n\n> 簿記で各々の勘定が記入される **ところ** 。資産、負債、資本の増減や損益の発生などを各種類別に記録計算するために設けられる。勘定口座。\n\nThat said, the derivation of the term as a whole is still a bit mysterious:\nShogakukan provides no real etymology, and I cannot find any clearly related\nmeaning for the 口 part.\n\nThis term only means \" _number of people or items_ \" when it is used as a\nsuffix after a number, so that particular meaning is not relevant here. The\nbasic meaning of the kanji is \" _mouth; gap; opening_ \", but in the context of\nan \" _account_ \", this seems less relevant. It may be related to the idea of\nan _opening_ where one converses with the account keeper (bank teller, shop\nmanager, etc.), as in 窓口【まどぐち】 literally \" _window opening (which one can talk\nthrough)_ \" → \" _window, contact, liaison_ \".\n\nThe best clue is that all of the dictionaries I've consulted (Shogakukan,\nDaijirin, Daijisen, Shinmeikai) all give the meaning as some variation of \"\n_place where an account is recorded_ \", and also list this as a contraction of\nlonger terms 預金口座【よきんこうざ】 (\"savings account\") or 勘定口座【かんじょうこうざ】 (literally\n\"account account\", as in the 口座 _account_ [record] wherein one keeps track of\nthe 勘定 _account_ [amount of money coming in and out]).\n\nSo my guess, based on the resources I can find, is that 口座 originally referred\nto \" _the place where one communicates with someone [such as a teller, or a\nshop manager]_ \". Over time, the consistent use of 口座 in larger compounds\nrelated to money and accounting led to the meaning shifting somewhat,\ninfluenced by the meanings of the larger terms, to become \" _the place where\nan account is recorded_ \", and from there, to just the \" _account_ \" sense.",
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| 28976 | 28977 | 28977 |
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"body": "I sometimes hear a phrase 仕事があれば used in situations where a freelancer or an\nartist says something that in English would be \"if you pay me I will do it\"\n(まぁ、仕事があれば〜), \"if you pay me I will go\" (仕事があれば、どこへでも行く).\n\nHowever I can't find any dictionary or usage example in which 仕事 would be\nlikened to the actual _compensation_ for work. _Work_ , _task_ , _duty_ ,\n_assignment_ - all refer to an obligation of a person doing the actual work,\nbut not the person who orders the work to be done. These two are closely\nrelated, but does 仕事 always mean a work done for a compensation?\n\nAm I interpreting the phrase 仕事があれば correctly?\n\nThe reason I am asking is that usually I heard it is spoken with a grin or it\ncaused a few chuckles around. Something unusual for a dry, literal\ninterpretation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Does 仕事があれば bear a notion of \"if you pay me\"?",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "Close. 仕事 means work, job, task, and etc, or workmanship, and never means\ncompensation for a job or work done.\n\nConsider someone looking for a job. \"If they pay me\" is close but a bit\ndifferent from \"if they have a job for me\". Right? So, 仕事があれば, because of the\ndefinition of 仕事, therefore is a lot closer to the latter.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T01:31:32.960",
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{
"body": "仕事 just means job or task, _paid or unpaid_. Whether it means a _paid_ job\ndepends on the context.\n\nIf a freelancer says \"これは遊びではなくて仕事だ\", this 仕事 definitely refers to a paid job.\nIf the same person says \"家に帰って猫に餌をやる仕事がある\", this 仕事 is of course unpaid.\n\n> The reason I am asking is that usually I heard it is spoken with a grin or\n> it caused a few chuckles around. Something unusual for a dry, literal\n> interpretation.\n\nThat's just because 仕事 obviously refers to a paid job in that context, and \"if\nyou pay me\" is implied. A job officially offered to a freelancer or a\nprofessional artist is always with a compensation... well, at least in Japan.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 28978 | null | 28984 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28988",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 96人も遅刻する **ような** 学校なんだな\n\nIn this sentence, I've done my best to translate as 'that is like 96 people\nbeing late for school'\n\nbut, ような here is confusing me. it makes me think of this sentence as 'that is\nlike a school where 96 people are late'",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-02T23:57:24.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "96人も遅刻するような学校なんだな。- Confusing use of ような",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "I would recommend a translation without the word _like_.\n\n> 96人も遅刻するような学校なんだな \n> _So it's the kind of school where 96 people are late._\n\nSimilar use cases:\n\n * 困ったら{こまったら}すぐ噓{うそ}をつくような男だ \n_He's the kind of guy who will lie as soon as he's in trouble._\n\n * 口{くち}で言わなくてもわかるような関係{かんけい}だ \n_It's the kind of relationship where you can communicate without saying things\nout loud._",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 28979 | 28988 | 28988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28990",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got a red paper with the following message when I took my bicycle in front\nof a station in Japan.\n\n> 無断{むだん}利用{りよう}されています。\n\nIt roughly means \"being used without authorization\".\n\n# Questions\n\n * What is the subject of the sentence? Does it refer to the space on which I parked my bicycle?\n\n * Why was it phrased using passive form?\n\n * Is there a convention in Japanese language to select the implicit subjects?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T04:11:35.973",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the implicit subject of 無断利用されています。?",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "The full sentence would be:\n\n> あなたはこの駐輪場を無断利用されています。\n\nThe omitted subject is \"you\" and the omitted _object_ is 駐輪場【ちゅうりんじょう】\n(bicycle parking), where you parked your bicycle. Many bicycle parking areas\nnear stations are operated by local governments and available only for\nregistered users who paid annual fee.\n\nThis れる is not a passive marker but a honorific marker. The message seems\npoliter than it needs to be. 「(あなたは)無断利用しています」 would have been equally OK in\nthis situation.\n\nIt's theoretically possible to take this sentence as a passive sentence (i.e.,\nこの駐輪場はあなたに無断利用されています), but as you already guessed, passive voice is not\nnecessary here, and inferring an implied subject other than 'you' is not\nnecessary, either.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T09:58:55.913",
"id": "28990",
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| 28981 | 28990 | 28990 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28997",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Consider 神のご加護があらんことを\n\n 1. How is あらんことを different from あろうことを ? \n(c.f.[ archaic -an\nconjugation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14415/542)) \nApart from sounding archaic, are there other functional differences?\n\n 2. How is {あらん・あろう}ことを different from あることを ? \nWhat does the volitional form do that the plain form does not in this phrase?\n\nIs there a preference for one of the forms? I.e. is there an idiomatically\nfrozen choice that is chosen over the others.\n\n 3. How idiomatic is ～ことを ? Is it such that we do not even consider if there is any possible verb that follows after it? If there is an implicit verb, would it be something like お願いします or 祈ります ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T04:52:16.373",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
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"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"idioms",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "~あらんことを: Slight Variations and Idiomatic Degree",
"view_count": 1477
} | [
{
"body": "\"～ことを\" itself is not that idiomatic, but I think \"～があらんことを\" is idiomatic.\n\n**神のご加護があらんことを** : This sounds natural to me. You can safely say \"Xがあらんことを\" is\nan archaic-sounding idiomatic phrase which means \"I wish you X\" or \"May there\nbe X\". This is a fixed pattern used mainly by priests, and I have never\nwondered what is omitted after it. I think those who don't go to church\nregularly would encounter this expression only in fiction, and understand it\nwithout thinking its grammar at all.\n\n**神のご加護があろうことを** : Maybe not too bad, but I'm not familiar with this. A Google\nsearch for \"加護があろうことを\" gave only one result. Of course \"Xがあろうこと\" can simply\nmean \"Xがあるであろうこと\" or \"that X probably exists\" in modern Japanese, and you can\nfind thousands of such examples on the net. It's just uncommon as a wish.\n\n**神のご加護があることを** or **神のご加護がありますことを** : Not common nor idiomatic, but\nunderstandable as the plain sentence where something like \"願っています\" is omitted\nat the end. \"神のご加護があることを願っています\" is a perfectly grammatical sentence which only\nuses the simplest contemporary grammar. So it sounds businesslike and matter-\nof-fact as compared with \"ご加護があらんことを\", which has a religious atmosphere.\n\nEDIT: Note that 「～があらんことを」 is a grandiose phrase. Religious characters in\nmanga and games say this all the time, but I don't think ordinary Japanese\nChristians use this often in daily conversations today. 「～がありますように」 is much\nmore common both among secular people and religious people.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T15:44:38.127",
"id": "28997",
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"body": "This answers the second question \"What does the volitional form do that the\nplain form does not in this phrase?\" :\n\n[Translation of one of the answers found in\n知恵袋](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10114358715): \n\n> 「あらんことを」は祈願文で、“御加護がある”ことは実現してほしいのですが、そうなるかならないかはまだ決まっていません。\n> それで「あることを」と言わないのです>\n\nBy saying あらんことを, one wishes to realise the state of 御加護がある. (i.e. to wish\nthat the state transitions from 御加護がない to 御加護がある).\n\nThe future state of events cannot be said to be certain, and since we cannot\nguarantee the future state of 御加護がある, the phrase あることを is not used.\n\nThe volitional form allows the subjunctive mood which the plain form does not.",
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| 28982 | 28997 | 28997 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28987",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say \"Even though I didn't have time, I went out of my way to...\"\n(not a dialogue, just an essay reflecting on my stupidity).\n\n> 時間がなかったのに、わざと...\n\n(In case this is a silly question: I just watched a video explaining the\ndifference between わざわざ and わざと, but all of the examples used described the\nactions of other people (namely 'you'--\"Thanks for coming while you're busy\",\n\"You punched me on purpose didn't you\", etc.). After reading that くせに can't be\nused for oneself, I began to wonder if it was true for the mentioned\nexpressions too. Is there a list somewhere that lists all of the 'can't use\nfor yourself' words?)",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T05:50:58.793",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Can わざわざ or わざと be used for oneself?",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "Yes. わざわざ and わざと can be used for yourself.\n\n> 母「またこぼすとわかっているのに **わざわざ** 拭いて{ふいて}あげた」 \n> _Mother: I took the trouble to clean it up for you, even though I know\n> you'll spill it again._ \n> 子「拭いて{ふいて}もらえるとわかっていたから **わざと** こぼした」 \n> _Child: I spilled it on purpose, knowing that you'll clean it up._\n\n* * *\n\nIt's true that くせに is mostly used for other people, but not always. For\nexample, 何も知らないくせに! as an insult is used toward others, but you can also use\nit for yourself in a humbling way:\n\n> 何も知らないくせに口を挟んで{はさんで}しまった \n> _I interjected despite not knowing anything_\n\nA similar thing can be said for おかげで. While mostly used for other people, it\ncan also be used for yourself or your own actions:\n\n> * あんなに練習{れんしゅう}したおかげで成功{せいこう}した \n> _I succeeded, thanks to all that practicing._\n> * 私のおかげでプロジェクトが成功したんだから感謝{かんしゃ}しなさい \n> _The project succeed thanks to me, so be grateful._ (self-aggrandizing)\n> * 私が失敗{しっぱい}したおかげでチームが負けて{まけて}しまった \n> _The team lost, thanks to my mistake._ (sarcastic/self-deprecating)\n>\n\nSo, even if there were such a list of “can't use for yourself” words, it would\nprobably need a lot of clarification…",
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| 28983 | 28987 | 28987 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "28993",
"answer_count": 7,
"body": "As in, I want to say veterans/old hats at doing something instead of beginners\nat doing something.\n\nEdit: Thank you for all the responses. I wasn't looking to imply skill, so I\nthink 経験者 is the word I am looking for, but I learned a lot of other great\nwords through the responses.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T10:41:05.997",
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"last_editor_user_id": "11604",
"owner_user_id": "11604",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the opposite of 初心者?",
"view_count": 2660
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's [熟練者]{じゅくれんしゃ}...\n\n[Source](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/antonym/content/%E5%88%9D%E5%BF%83%E8%80%85)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T12:09:45.910",
"id": "28992",
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},
{
"body": "The word I hear most common for this is: ベテラン.\n\nThe second one: 経験者{けいけんしゃ}.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T12:37:31.370",
"id": "28993",
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{
"body": "This depends on context. At this point I would say macraf's answer\n(particularly 経験者) is the best (at least in my findings), but if we are indeed\ntalking about skill involved (IE, you can rank someone, like in a game) 中級者\nand 上級者 must also be considered.\n\nAgain, considering the context (perhaps you can give a bit more?) none of\nthese may sound natural.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T13:08:44.620",
"id": "28995",
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},
{
"body": "Again, depending on context, other possible terms include 玄人【くろうと】 and\n専門家【せんもんか】.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T21:07:50.783",
"id": "28998",
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"body": "If you are just looking to say someone who is very good at certain thing, then\nhow about 達人【たつじん】? I hear that often.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-03T22:06:56.763",
"id": "29001",
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{
"body": "People also use プロ quite widely. I once tried to ask a host family if I could\nsay 素人 and 玄人, and my host mother laughed and told me that nobody used 玄人 -\nonly プロ。",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-04T16:18:29.510",
"id": "29021",
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"body": "You guys are all correct! :)\n\nI would use 経験者（けいけんしゃ）. It really depends on the context. I'll list the ones\nthat weren't in this thread.\n\n * エキスパート（expert in katakana has the same meaning as in English）\n * プロ（professional）\n * 腕利き（うできき）\n * カリスマ（someone who is really good that he/she is almost revered.）\n\nAs you might know, a lot of English words are borrowed today, so it might be\nuseful to know these words.",
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| 28991 | 28993 | 28992 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29006",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> おいらなんて、怒られっぱなしの人生だもんねーー。アハハ。でもおもしろくって仕方ないもんねー。\n>\n> For me, it's the life of being got angry at. Ha Ha. But,\n> interesting(ly)...it can't be helped ??\n\nI'm guessing this is おもしろく (interestingly) with either って=は or って=と. I've\nnever seen an adverb used as a topic before, but it doesn't really seem to\nwork as a quote marker either. Can anyone shed some light here? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-03T21:34:25.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "28999",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-04T05:20:09.100",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"i-adjectives",
"gemination",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Adverb followed by って",
"view_count": 688
} | [
{
"body": "It's probably a grammatical error. It's supposed to be おもしろくて but this person\nadded the っ in before the て, because of a simple grammatical error, or to make\nan emphatic connotation, like \"it's soooo interesting\".",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-04T05:17:54.200",
"id": "29005",
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},
{
"body": "The standard form is おもしろくて仕方ない, where おもしろくて is used as an adjective (not\nadverb) in the [て-form for connecting\npredicates](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3439/%E3%81%84adjective-\ndifference-between-%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%8F \"いAdjective. difference\nbetween くて and く\").\n\n> (て-form adjective) + 仕方ない\n\nor\n\n> (たい-form verb in て-form) + 仕方ない\n\nis a common phrase that means “It's so (adjective)” or “I really want to\n(verb)”. The nuance of this 仕方ない is “I can't stand it”, but it's not to be\ntaken literally, just like when someone says “My homework is so hard it's\n_killing me_ ”.\n\n### Examples\n\n * 眠くて{ねむくて}仕方ない _I'm so sleepy_\n * 彼女はかわいくて仕方ない _She's so cute_\n * 不思議{ふしぎ}で仕方ない _It's so strange_\n * 虫がうるさくて仕方ない _The bugs are so noisy_\n * 帰りたくて仕方ない _I really want to go home_\n\nThe `っ` can be inserted in the `くて` for emphatic effect: かわいくて→かわいくって,\nうるさくて→うるさくって, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-04T05:20:09.100",
"id": "29006",
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| 28999 | 29006 | 29006 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29014",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From\n[dictionary](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%A6%99%E5%8F%96%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%AE)\narticle on a certain shrine:\n\n香取神宮は 千葉県香取市香取にある神社。 **下総国一の宮** 。祭神は経津主神。鹿島神宮とともに軍神として尊崇を受けた。\n\nしもうさのくに。。。？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-04T09:09:30.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29012",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-04T12:38:50.147",
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"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How is 下総国一の宮 pronounced?",
"view_count": 58
} | [
{
"body": "Yes.\n\n> [下総{しもうさ}国{のくに}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%B7%8F%E5%9B%BD)\n> [一{いち}の宮{みや}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%AE)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-04T12:26:34.443",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 29012 | 29014 | 29014 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29015",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to buy new phone but I am unable to understand the meaning of 実質負担金額.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PDSSG.png)\n\nPlease help me to understand this.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T09:43:05.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29013",
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"owner_user_id": "10437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 実質負担金額?",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "If you break it down into 実質、負担、金額...\n\n実質 is 'real', 'actual', etc. \n負担 is your burden, as in to bear a cost. \n金額 is an amount of money. \n\nSo, the actual cost you will bear, the amount you're actually going to have to\npay.\n\nIf you have a look, it looks like there's a set cost for the phone, but if you\ntake away the monthly discount (24 months worth), this is the amount you will\n\"actually\" end up paying.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-04T12:42:44.940",
"id": "29015",
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"score": 4
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]
| 29013 | 29015 | 29015 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a board by the road (similar to\n[tobidashibōya](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E3%81%B3%E5%87%BA%E3%81%97%E5%9D%8A%E3%82%84)).\n\nIt should mean \"shall I stop smiling?\" but seeing this I am not even sure.\n\nDoes it really mean that? Why? Is it a warning for drivers? Is it a \"manner\"\nreminder for children? Does it relate to some preconception of 笑顔 or a smiling\ngirl? Or is it something uniquely odd?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5TxHW.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T14:08:47.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29016",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-04T16:24:13.237",
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"culture"
],
"title": "「この笑顔なくしていいの？」 on a board by the road (photo)",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "I'm pretty sure this is targeted to adults. The board says \"Is it OK if you\nlost this (=the girl's) smile?\" rather than \"Can I stop this (=my) smile?\" In\nother words, I think the board basically says \"Don't do **[that]** if you care\nfor this smile.\"\n\nBut I can't tell what the board actually wants to stop. I bet the average\nreaction from native speakers is just like yours, \"え、この看板、どういう意味?\"\n\nThis is my speculation but if this is on a high-traffic road, perhaps it means\n\"stop speeding, drive carefully\". If I saw the same board in\n[富士の樹海](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aokigahara), I would interpret it as\n\"stop committing suicide\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T16:15:22.803",
"id": "29020",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 29016 | null | 29020 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29019",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of 結構もった in phrases like\n\n> 結構もった方じゃないか \n> 結構もった方だと思います",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T14:08:52.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "9576",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 結構もった方じゃないか",
"view_count": 347
} | [
{
"body": "もつ in such a phrase means \"hang on\", \"keep up\", or \"stay good\". From the\ndefinition #9 in [this dictionary\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/219381/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> ９ 長くそのままの状態を保ち続ける。もちこたえる。「夏場でも―・つ食品」「これじゃとてもからだが―・たない\n\nIn this sense, もつ can be also written as 保つ in kanji.\n\nDepending on the subject, 結構もつ can mean \"(for a battery/food) to have a longer\nlife than expected\", \"(for a person) to hang on for quite some time before\ngiving up\", and so on.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T15:05:28.923",
"id": "29019",
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| 29017 | 29019 | 29019 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was in Tokyo earlier this year and one thing I noticed people saying a lot\nwas something that sounded like `anno`.\n\nIt sounded to me like an uncertain pause in a sentence, like:\n\n```\n\n I'd like, er... (anno) one of those please\n \n```\n\nIs there an equivalent in Japanese of the English 'er...'?\n\nIf so, how would I use it in a basic Japanese sentence such as ordering\ndrinks?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T18:51:41.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29023",
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"owner_user_id": "11623",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What's the Japanese for 'er...' - a pause or uncertainty in a sentence?",
"view_count": 1229
} | [
{
"body": "You heard あのう _anō_ , which is a bit like \"ahem\" or \"well\", used to get\nsomeone's attention and prepare the listener to what you're going to say.\n\nA better substitute for \"er\" would be えっと／ええと. To order a beer you could say\n\n> えっと、生一。\n>\n> えっと、とりあえず生で。\n\n(if you're asked by the waiter).\n\nIf you're trying to get the waiter's attention, it's better to use あのう.\n\nAlso check\n\n * [Where does 「えっと」 come from?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9580/where-does-%E3%81%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8-come-from)\n * [How to begin a reply to a question?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/16030/how-to-begin-a-reply-to-a-question/16031#16031)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T19:07:23.563",
"id": "29024",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-05T08:36:04.277",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
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},
{
"body": "You heard right (more or less), and you're assumption is right. \"I'd like...\nuh... a beer\". \"Etto\" (sometimes with the E longer than other times) also\nworks similarly and is more formal... if you can believe that.\n\nIt can also be used to get someone's attention, by simply stating either\nrather blankly. Tone and other words appended can change this from harmless to\nangry.\n\nAnother usage is just to buy time. Translation wise it would probably the\nsame, but also colloquially could sound more like, \"Let's see...\" like you\nmight say while looking over a menu while your server anxiously awaits you to\ndecide.\n\nBasic usage will sound different since the variable in the sentence (drinks in\nthis case) are located in a different part of the sentence. For example if\nyou're asked what you want, a valid reply might be.\n\n```\n\n えっとですね。。。ビールをお願いします。\n \n```\n\nIn short... both are pretty flexible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T19:12:13.167",
"id": "29026",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-04T19:12:13.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7550",
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| 29023 | null | 29024 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29028",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence:\n\n> 来年は、踊り子三百人をフランスに招いて、阿波踊りの魅力をもっと **広めて** いくようです。\n\nStripping the sentence to basic sentence structure:\n\n> 魅力を **広めて** いく。\n\nHow can that be grammatically correct?\n\nAs \"広める\" is transitive with an obvious object, there must be an _actor_ as the\nsubject? I don't see one. You can sort of hide the _actor_ using passive\nvoice. This seems grammatically correct to me:\n\n> 魅力が **広められて** いる。\n\nOr, isn't the intransitive verb also an option:\n\n> 魅力が **広まって** い _る_ 。\n\nIn English, the given sentence sounds to me like:\n\n> ??? is widening the appeal of the dance.\n\nBut, who is widening the appeal? Don't you have to say:\n\n> The appeal of the dance is widening.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T19:30:40.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29027",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-05T00:31:53.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"transitivity"
],
"title": "\"広める\" instead of \"広まる\" or \"広められる\" in this context?",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "You're right, there has to be an actor and there is. The same actor as for 招く\nearlier in the sentence.\n\n> 阿波踊りとは、徳島県を発祥とする盆踊りです。日本三大盆踊りで、日本の伝統芸能の一つとして、日本全国からたくさんの観客が訪れます。\n> その阿波踊りが、フランスのパリで初めて開催されました。このイベントは、日本在住のフランス人ジャーナリストが阿波踊りを自分の国に届けたい思いで、１０年かけて実らせました。\n>\n> パリでは、大人から子供まで阿波踊りの魅力を味わうことができ、会場は熱気に包まれたそうです。\n>\n> **来年は、踊り子３００人をフランスに招いて、阿波踊りの魅力をもっと広めていくようです。**\n> ([Source](http://newsinslowjapanese.com/2015/10/12/japanese-\n> listening-166-awa-odori-in-paris/))\n\nHere's the whole context I found. From the earlier context, the unspoken actor\nin the final sentence must be the event organisers (who else would do these\nactions?).\n\nSo, \"It appears they [the event organisers] will bring 300 dancers to France\nnext year and spread the appeal of awa-odori even more.\"",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T19:47:45.003",
"id": "29028",
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}
]
| 29027 | 29028 | 29028 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29048",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In elementary Japanese, you are taught to say you dislike something with\nが嫌いです. For example:\n\n> 国の状態が嫌いです。\n\nI've also seen 嫌う used to express dislike, like:\n\n> 昨日を嫌った。\n\nAre they both interchangeable? Does 嫌う represent the action of disliking\nsomething, implying you might show signs, but 嫌い just mentions a state of\nbeing, a presence of dislike that may or may not be substantiated?\n\nAlso with verbals, is there a difference between:\n\n> 読むのを嫌っている。\n\nand\n\n> 読むのが嫌いです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-04T22:37:29.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29029",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-06T04:53:25.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6881",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"usage",
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Using 嫌い and 嫌う",
"view_count": 822
} | [
{
"body": "I think your understanding is sufficient.\n\nTo answer your second question....`嫌う` can also imply willingness to avoid. So\nfor example, `ゴブリンは闇を嫌わずに行きつづけた。`\n\nLiterally it translates to:\n\n> Goblin, not disliking the darkness, kept going.\n\nMaybe it actually likes it dark, or maybe it was just brave for the moment.\n\nNevetheless, It had no willingness to avoid the darkness at all. Similarly,\n`彼は優しい娘を嫌う。` also implies that he avoids kind girls for whatever the reasons.\nMaybe because that's actually his type and he gets nervous?\n\nWho knows whether he actually dislikes them or not, but his unwillingness is\nknown.\n\nOn the other hand, `彼は優しい娘が嫌い` is much more definitive in expressing a\ndispleasing feeling toward kind girls, instead of just aversion.That is the\ndifference.\n\nSo for the difference between `読むのを嫌っている` and `読むのが嫌いです`, the former(嫌う)\nexpresses a willingness to avoid. Whether he actually dislikes reading or\navoid it for other reasons is unclear. In contrast, the latter(嫌い) is clearly\nstating that he doesn't like to read.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-06T04:16:01.590",
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}
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| 29029 | 29048 | 29048 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29031",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Overheard the phrase which sounded like \"絶対について来ないでね。\". I believe it means\n'absolutely don't come/follow'. The speaker was actually hinting to follow\nher. I'm just curious if my translation makes sense, and if I've spelled\nthings correctly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T00:01:53.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29030",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-05T01:54:16.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"spelling"
],
"title": "\"絶対について来ないでね。\" as \"Absolutely don't come/follow\"",
"view_count": 224
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, your translation is absolutely correct and 絶対について来ないでね literally means\n\"Never follow me\".\n\nBut in some situations, 絶対にXするなよ can be taken as a hint of \"Do X (at your own\nrisk)\"! If native speakers encounter a girl who says 絶対について来ないでね in manga or\nlight-novels, they can instantly imagine the テンプレ (\"template\") story after\nthis: the boy who heard this would end up in following her.\n\nThe key word here is **絶対に** which is described\n[here](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E7%B5%B6%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%AB%E6%8A%BC%E3%81%99%E3%81%AA%E3%82%88).\n「[絶対に押すなよ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0FCgvLxeiM)」 is a famous joke by a\ncomedian group called\n[ダチョウ倶楽部](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6%E5%80%B6%E6%A5%BD%E9%83%A8),\nand they often used 絶対にするな somehow as a sign of \"Do it\".\n\nJapanese people who know this background often make pages titled\n[絶対に見るなよ!](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E7%B5%B6%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%AB%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%82%88),\nwhich are actually intended to be seen by many.\n\nIf a real woman says 絶対について来ないでね, you'll have to determine whether she is\nsaying it seriously or jokingly. It can be extremely difficult even for native\nspeakers to tell what she is actually thinking.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T01:36:17.337",
"id": "29031",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 29030 | 29031 | 29031 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am really confused in digesting Japanese tenses while referring to English\ntenses in mind. Is there a list mapping each English tense to Japanese one?\n\nPlease kindly also provide us with some sentences per tense.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T02:00:21.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29032",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-06T12:26:44.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "Mapping 16 English tenses to Japanese tenses",
"view_count": 521
} | [
{
"body": "> \"Is there a list mapping each English tense to Japanese one?\"\n\nThere is a simple answer to this question: No. Unrelated languages, like\nEnglish (or any other Indo-European language) and Japanese do not have\ncorresponding sets of grammar functions, so it is not possible in any\nmeaningful way to map one to the other.\n\nIt may sound hard, but you have to learn how different bits of Japanese verb\nmorphology (\"endings\", in other words) work, and work on hearing enough\nJapanese that you _understand_ it. Whether or not you can immediately give\n\"English replacements\" for the bits is largely irrelevant, and if you struggle\nthrough trying to pretend that each Japanese structure has a corresponding\nEnglish structure, you will have a very hard time as you keep bumping into the\nfact that this is not true.\n\nI hope this helps; that is my intention, but there are many people around with\nother ideas -- for example that everything is about \"translation\", which I\nthink is a way to make things even more difficult than they already are.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-06T12:26:44.963",
"id": "29051",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7717",
"parent_id": "29032",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 29032 | null | 29051 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29059",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I found a joke that goes like this:\n\n> 私の家はそりゃもう狭かったのよ。どれくらい狭かったかって？ 横に歯磨きができないのよ。\n\nNow, if translated correctly, it should be saying:\n\n> My house is like already very narrow. How narrow? From the sides you can't\n> brush your teeth.\n\nIs the joke just lame, did I translate it incorrectly, or is there a double\nmeaning that I am not seeing?",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T05:54:42.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29033",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-06T21:18:53.270",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-05T06:25:09.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "6881",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"jokes"
],
"title": "Japanese joke explanation, brushing teeth in a narrow home",
"view_count": 340
} | [
{
"body": "To bring this to a finality, I will answer my own question.\n\n横に歯磨き refers to brushing teeth sideways, and the joke, which is more of a\ncomical overstatement, is referring to a living space that is so crammed that\nhe does not have space to brush his teeth. So while there are cramped spaces\nin larger cities in Tokyo, it is not necessary a pun or a particular\nreference.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-06T21:18:53.270",
"id": "29059",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6881",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29033 | 29059 | 29059 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29047",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "お誕生日おめでとう vs 誕生日おめでとう\n\nWhat's the difference? And is it needed?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T10:20:33.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29034",
"last_activity_date": "2022-06-26T11:48:42.953",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-06T06:33:18.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "10230",
"owner_user_id": "10230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-usage",
"greetings"
],
"title": "Is お needed before 誕生日おめでとう (Happy birthday)?",
"view_count": 469
} | [
{
"body": "お誕生日おめでとう is a little bit more polite than 誕生日おめでとう.\n\nthe point is a little bit..",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T15:35:02.190",
"id": "29038",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-05T16:35:39.633",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-05T16:35:39.633",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The explanation by YOSUKE gives the right interpretation. The one with お is a\nlittle more polite and more respectful, though it can be taken as slightly\nmore distanced, if used for very closed friends. I'll illustrate the nuance.\nFor example, compare calling your father \"dad\" or \"father\". While the use of\nthe word father doesn't warrant a lack of affection, it has a more respectful\nor more distant tone (at least here in the US). The impression made with the\nuse of お in the context of congratulating one's bday follows a similar logic.\n\nWhile お is not necessary, if you are talking to a very traditional (older)\nperson or those to whom you absolutely must show your respect, the use of お\nand ございます would ensure the highest level of respect. Omitting any one will\nchange the level slightly.\n\nThat said, intentionally using polite or honorific expression towards close\nfriend in Japan is a very common form of joke. I believe the same can be said\nin most cultures, if not all.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-06T02:04:33.820",
"id": "29047",
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"owner_user_id": "11571",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 29034 | 29047 | 29047 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29036",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "落ち葉が敷き詰められた庭。\n\nWhy is the passive form used here?\n\nIs it because it's reffering to 庭?\n\nI thought with passive it should have been:\n\n庭は落ち葉に敷き詰められた。\n\nCan someone explain the rule here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T11:30:41.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29035",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-05T13:27:48.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "が and passive verb referring to modified noun",
"view_count": 277
} | [
{
"body": "You'll get 落ち葉が敷き詰められた庭 by turning 庭に落ち葉が敷き詰められた。 into a relative clause.\n\n* * *\n\nHere are the non-relative active voice sentences:\n\n> 落ち葉 **を** 庭 **に** 敷き詰めた。/ \n> 庭 **を** 落ち葉 **で** 敷き詰めた。\n\nTheir passive voice equivalents would be:\n\n> 落ち葉 **が** 庭に敷き詰められた。/ \n> 庭 **が** 落ち葉で敷き詰められた。\n\nTurning them into relative clauses, you'll get:\n\n> 「（庭に敷き詰められた）落ち葉」「（落ち葉が敷き詰められた）庭」/ \n> 「（落ち葉で敷き詰められた）庭」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T13:08:49.627",
"id": "29036",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-05T13:27:48.033",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-05T13:27:48.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "29035",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29035 | 29036 | 29036 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私が遠野の屋敷に帰ってきていた理由は、一重に父がうるさかったからだ。 \n> **その父も亡くなり、父の後継者としての責務も卒業するまで代理を立てられた今、私が好き好んでこの屋敷に帰ってくる理由はない**\n> 。なにしろ卒業してしまえば、あとはずっとこの屋敷で過ごすのだ。\n>\n> The reason why I came back to Tohno's mansion is only one, my father was\n> very annoying about it. \n> Since my father is no more and so are my duties as the successor, until I\n> graduate the me which has been elected as the proxy, will do as I please\n> since I have no reason to come back to this mansion. At any rate after I\n> graduate, I will always stay here.\n\nIs it correct or am I wrong?\n\nThe fan translation is:\n\n> The only reason I came back to the mansion was because my father wanted me\n> to. Now that father is dead and I do not have the responsibility as the\n> successor until I graduate, there is no reason for me to come back to this\n> mansion. Because when I graduate, I will live in this mansion for the rest\n> of my life.\n\nI am not sure about this passage:\n\n> その父も亡くなり、父の後継者としての責務も卒業するまで代理を立てられた今、私が好き好んでこの屋敷に帰ってくる理由はない。\n\n亡くなり refers to the father and I believe it also refer to the duties as the\nheir. With 卒業 starts another different sentence. That's how I understand it.\n\nSo I would say\n\n> その父も亡くなり、父の後継者としての責務も亡くなり, 卒業するまで代理を立てられた今、私が好き好んでこの屋敷に帰ってくる理由はない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T14:40:47.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29037",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-21T13:27:36.100",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to parse 後継者としての責務も卒業するまで代理を立てられた",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "> 父の後継者としての責務も卒業するまで代理を立てられた\n\nIt might be clearer if you rewrote/parsed it as:\n\n> 卒業するまで、父の後継者としての責務にも代理を立てられた / \n> 父の後継者としての責務も、（卒業するまで）代理を立てられた\n\nWhich is literally like \"Someone has been nominated to perform the duties as\nmy father's successor (in my place) until I graduate.\"\n\nHence the translation \"I do not have the responsibility as the successor until\nI graduate.\"",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T17:05:50.240",
"id": "29040",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-05T17:18:06.363",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-05T17:18:06.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "29037",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 29037 | 29040 | 29040 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 秋葉さんのルートは他のルートとは違っていて、 **好感度さえ** クリアしていればグッド・トゥルー、共に特別な条件を必要としません。\n\nさえ.\n\nThis is the particle which always give me problems. \nHow can I translate this sentence? \nI can't really grasp it.\n\nI tried to and my translation would be:\n\n> Akiha's route is different from the others and as long as you clear it\n> favorably the true and good ending, together they do not require necessary\n> conditions.\n\nStill makes no sense.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T15:50:15.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29039",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-06T11:14:45.143",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-06T11:14:45.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "What is the grammatical function of 好感度さえ in 好感度さえクリアしていれば?",
"view_count": 194
} | [
{
"body": "Role of さえ translated in bold:\n\n'Unlike other routes, Akiba's route doesn't require [...], **as long as** you\nmake a good impression (\"obtain enough good will points\").'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-06T07:25:48.377",
"id": "29050",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-06T07:25:48.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5176",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 29039 | null | 29050 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I came across this Japanese tv commercial. Video and transcript are given\nbelow.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOuwA6rtKsM>\n\n<http://www.suntory.co.jp/news/article/12494.html>\n\nMy question is: what's the meaning of 最初にこれ飲んどけって…ありますか? I think the key is to\nbreak down 飲んどけ but I don't know how this comes about. Seems to me it's made\nfrom 飲む (past) + どけ, but I can find only どける in dictionary and the combined\nmeaning doesn't make sense.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T17:14:51.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29041",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-05T21:44:54.277",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-05T21:44:54.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "4295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"meaning",
"copywriting"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 飲んどけ?",
"view_count": 234
} | []
| 29041 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29062",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Compare:\n\n> 何かを忘れた気がする。 \n> 何かを忘れたような気がする。 \n> I feel like I forgot something.\n\nAs far as I know, they both mean the same thing. What nuance does adding ような\ngive?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T21:59:51.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29042",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-07T14:45:00.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 気がする and ような気がする?",
"view_count": 2313
} | [
{
"body": "Check below links---\n\n<http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=younakigasuru>\n\n<http://www.tanos.co.uk/jlpt/skills/grammar/sentences/?grammarid=437>\n\n<http://friends-esl.com/phrase/phrase249.php>\n\n<http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kigasuru>\n\nような気がするadd the nuance expectation予感,予測or不確.\n\n> もう他に方法はないような気がする。 It's like there is no other way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-06T01:08:13.297",
"id": "29046",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-06T01:08:13.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10437",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "My understanding of the modifier ような on 気がする is that it functions as a\n\"fuzzifier\". It describes the sensation as being even vaguer, tentative and\nballpark-ish than 気がする by itself already implies. The exaggerated \"quasi-\ntranslations\" below should hopefully illustrate the nuance I'm trying to hint\nat:\n\n> 何かを忘れた気がする。\n\n\"I have a hunch that I've forgotten something.\"\n\n> 何かを忘れたような気がする。\n\n\"I'm experiencing a sensation that I can't quite pinpoint, but it resembles\nthe feeling of having forgotten something -- maybe I really have forgotten\nsomething, or maybe its something else, or maybe I'm just imagining things...\"\n\nConstructions like ような気がする are used quite often in day-to-day conversations,\nand are often used by the speaker to casually \"cover their ass\" in case what\nthey say turns out to be nonsense -- or at least to me そのような気がする...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-06T06:47:29.287",
"id": "29049",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-06T06:53:11.953",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Adding ような communicates that the speaker is even less sure. It's also used as\na softener when you say something that's potentially negative.\n\nE.g.\n\n> 「お母さん、最近物忘れが多い気がする」 \n> 「お母さん、最近物忘れが多いような気がする」\n\nA speaker might choose the latter phrasing just to soften the tone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-07T11:36:59.813",
"id": "29062",
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"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "29042",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 29042 | 29062 | 29062 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29044",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am wondering what these emoji mean. Like, why would they create these ones\nspecifically? I'm trying to think of a translation for ココ, but all I can think\nof is \"cocoa\" or a shortened long word, but that wouldn't make any sense.\n\nHere are the emoji in question: and :\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GSesX.png)\n\nAlso, is there a \"proper\" way to use these emoji?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T22:20:13.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29043",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-14T10:18:01.520",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-07T10:52:22.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "104",
"owner_user_id": "11631",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 18,
"tags": [
"internet-slang",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "What is the significance of ココ and サ in emoji?",
"view_count": 9510
} | [
{
"body": "is for サービス, as in receiving something for free. However, I've seen several\nother sources say this means \"service charge\", which is the complete opposite\nof free. So I'm not positive if it's one or the other, or possibly either\ndepending on the context.\n\nis just for ここ (here). [Here's a list](https://www.chenhuijing.com/blog/east-\nasian-character-emojis//) of some other common ones.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-05T22:29:56.263",
"id": "29044",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-13T16:40:13.543",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-13T16:40:13.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "29043",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 19
},
{
"body": "The English version of the latest Unicode CLDR annotations file\n([en.xml](https://www.unicode.org/repos/cldr/tags/latest/common/annotations/en.xml))\nlists \"official\" short name and keywords for all emoji, including and , in XML\nformat:\n\n```\n\n <annotation cp=\"\">“here” | Japanese | Japanese “here” button | katakana | ココ</annotation>\n <annotation cp=\"\" type=\"tts\">Japanese “here” button</annotation>\n <annotation cp=\"\">“service charge” | Japanese | Japanese “service charge” button | katakana | サ</annotation>\n <annotation cp=\"\" type=\"tts\">Japanese “service charge” button</annotation>\n \n```\n\nSo, “service charge” appears to be indeed a correct interpretation for . This\nis confirmed by the Japanese version: サービス料\n([ja.xml](https://www.unicode.org/repos/cldr/tags/latest/common/annotations/ja.xml))\n\n```\n\n <annotation cp=\"\">ここ | ココ | ココのマーク</annotation>\n <annotation cp=\"\" type=\"tts\">ココのマーク</annotation>\n <annotation cp=\"\">サ | サービス料 | サのマーク</annotation>\n <annotation cp=\"\" type=\"tts\">サのマーク</annotation>\n \n```\n\nHTH,",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-12-13T22:49:48.713",
"id": "63380",
"last_activity_date": "2018-12-14T10:18:01.520",
"last_edit_date": "2018-12-14T10:18:01.520",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "29043",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29043 | 29044 | 29044 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あの子は俺たちや秋葉が遊ぶように手を取らせる反面、いざ俺たちが遊びだすと少し離れて俺たちの様子を見守っていてくれた。\n\nAs for that kid, us and Akiha as if playing were made join hands, on the other\nside when we went out to play she distanced herself a little and watched over\nus playing.\n\nIs ように meaning _as if playing_ or does it mean _in order to play_?\n\nHow can I understand when it's used with the meaning of _similar_ or with the\nmeaning of _in order to_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-06T13:23:08.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29052",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-07T14:49:36.873",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-07T14:49:36.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Unclear usage of ように",
"view_count": 275
} | [
{
"body": "This ように is not _as if_ nor _like_ , but _in order to_ or _so as to_. (The\nfourth definition in [this\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226613/meaning/m0u/).)\n\nSo 遊ぶように here means _in order to play_ or _so (we) can play_.\n\n> あの子は俺たちや秋葉が遊ぶように手を取らせる反面... \n> That kid made Akiha and us take (one another's) hands so that we play\n> (together), ...\n\nThe latter half of your translation looks good.\n\n遊ぶように手を取らせる may grammatically mean \"to make someone take hands as if he/she\nwere playing\", but it makes no sense to me.",
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| 29052 | null | 29053 |
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"body": "> 鳴神の 少し響みて さし曇り 雨も降らぬか 君を留めむ\n\nHeard this in a movie. Really can't make sense of this grammar, to be honest.\nCan anybody break down what's going on here?\n\nThanks :)",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Need help making sense of this poem",
"view_count": 58
} | []
| 29055 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Chinese, every character is monosyllabic and Mandarin has a total of about\n~1200 licit syllables including tone (about 400 if you don't count tone). This\nmeans that if I take any Chinese character and randomly choose a Chinese\nsyllable, there is roughly a 1 in 1200 chance that that syllable will be the\ncorrect pronunciation.\n\nNow let's say I do the same thing with Japanese. I take any random Kanji\ncharacter and I randomly choose a full phonological form that can be\nrepresented by a single character. What's the probability that the\npronunciation will be correct? This is a much more complicated question than\nin Mandarin since a whole multi-syllabic word can be represented by a single\ncharacter, but like any language, there is a finite number of licit\nphonological forms in Japanese. Are there any accurate estimates of this\nnumber?\n\n## Edit: To illustrate:\n\nIf I pick the character 鏡 then the phonemic form can be _kagami_. If I select\n鵜, the phonemic form can be _u_. For 八, _hati_. I'm not particularly concerned\nwith the characters being used in a multi-character word, my primary concern\nis solely with individual characters.\n\nSo if I pick the character 鏡 and then I randomly select from all of the full\nphonological forms that can be represented by a single character, what is the\nprobability that I will correctly select _kagami_?\n\nIn Mandarin, because there are only 1200 syllables and characters are always\nmonosyllabic, if I pick a character with one possible pronunciation I have a 1\nin 1200 chance of getting it correct. Some polyphonic syllables may have\nmultiple possible pronunciations so I could have a 2 in 1200 or 3 in 1200\nchance of picking it correctly.\n\nIn Japanese, a character can represent a sequence of multiple syllables, so\nwhat's the chance that out of the list of all possible phonological forms I'll\npick the one that consists of the correct sequence of syllables?\n\n## Edit 2: Overly detailed reason for the question:\n\nI'm researching cross-script differences in reading processes between English\nand Chinese; here's a highly simplified explanation.\n\nIn English, readers mostly compute the sound of a word based on the letters\nand use that computed phonological form to pick the semantic information\nbehind the word. Visual information play a smaller role, but it helps with\nthings like disambiguating homophones (e.g. \"flower\" and \"flour\"). A reader\nsees \"flower\", computes /ˈflɑʊ.ə˞/, and activates the meaning ❀, maybe with\nsome help from visual information.\n\nIn Chinese, readers mostly retrieve semantic information directly from the\nvisual form. Phonological information plays a role, but it doesn't seem to be\nthe primary route of activation. A reader sees \"花\" and directly activates ❀.\n\nLike I said, this is a super simplified explanation, but it covers the main\ngist.\n\nI want to approach this difference as having to do with the \"usefulness\" of\nthe different routes. In English, the visual information route isn't \"useful\"\nbecause English speakers don't make direct associations between visual forms\nand meaning.\n\nIn Chinese, one possibility is that the phonological route isn't \"useful\"\nbecause that information is very non-specific. A Chinese speaker can read \"书\"\nand know what it means with no context because the meaning is directly\nassociated with the visual character. However, if there wasn't that direct\nassociation and the character simply activated \"shū\", it would be difficult to\nretrieve a specific meaning with no context because that phonological form can\nrepresent several dozen morphemes.\n\nI'm trying to figure out if Japanese could be examined as a language kind of\n\"in between\" these two. Chinese _cannot_ use a purely phonological route to\nget from any one of tens of thousands of characters to any one of hundreds of\nthousands of meanings, because you would have to connect them through a\nthousand or so phonological forms, forming a serious cognitive bottleneck. If\nJapanese can get from any one of tens of thousands of characters to any one of\nhundreds of thousands of meanings by going through several thousand possible\nphonological forms, Japanese could potentially have better success with the\nphonological route.\n\nThe question basically comes down to this: is the bottleneck from form to\nmeaning through phonology in Japanese nearly as bad as it is in Chinese?",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"homophonic-kanji",
"phonology",
"linguistics"
],
"title": "How many possible phonological forms could be represented by a randomly chosen single character?",
"view_count": 564
} | [
{
"body": "According to [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/24378/9749),\nthere are 335 音読み in modern use. Assuming that statistic is true, the\nprobability of randomly guessing and getting it right is 1/335.\n\nBut the odds improve based on other things about the kanji. There are certain\nphonetic components will suggest a certain reading. For example, you can bet a\nkanji with the component 寺 in it will be pronounced じ. Also, some readings are\nassociated with more kanji than others--81 Jouyou kanji have the reading\n[しょう](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%20%23kanji%20%23joyo),\nwhile only 2 have the reading\n[じき](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%98%E3%81%8D%20%23kanji%20%23joyo).",
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"body": "I am not aware of any such analysis that looks at the full breadth of Japanese\ncharacter readings. Some background first.\n\n### Background detail\n\nKanji have been used very _flexibly_ , both historically and currently, with\nexamples such as the historical 木乃伊【みいら】, where the spelling comes from\nChinese and the reading comes from Portuguese _mirra_ or Dutch _mirre_\n(\"myrrh\"), or 猟虎【らっこ】, where the spelling is vaguely phonetic and the reading\ncomes from Ainu; or the modern 騎士【ないと】, where the spelling comes from Chinese\nand the reading comes from English _knight_. This flexibility is a wonderful\nfeature of the written language, and is a big part of why furigana exist. You\nwill see numerous examples of this phenomenon (where the reading and spelling\nbasically come from different words) in many (most?) manga series.\n\nThere are also numerous cases where a reading from one term is later applied\nto a completely different spelling. A couple firmly-established examples of\nthis kind of reading/spelling shift include:\n\n * 玉蜀黍【とうもろこし】, where the spelling was coined in Japan using Chinese characters based on their meaning, and the reading comes from older Japanese terms 唐【とう】 referring to foreign goods + 唐黍【もろこし】 referring to sorghum.\n * 美人【かおよびと】, where the reading actually derives from 顔【かお】 + 良【よ】 + 人【ひと】.\n * 月見里【やまなし】, where the spelling apparently came from the old name for a place, and the reading came from the new name.\n\nAs extreme examples, there are also cases where a given kanji compound\nspelling uses a reading where the phonemes cannot be cleanly apportioned to\nthe individual kanji characters. Examples include 啄木鳥【けら】 \" _woodpecker_ \" or\n胡頽子【ぐみ】 \" _silverberry, oleaster_ \". These are rare, but they exist. (FWIW,\nthis phenomenon also exists in Chinese -- where a multi-character spelling\nmight have a single-syllable reading.)\n\nLooking just at single-character readings, there is still a huge range of\npossibilities. One factor is that okurigana (the kana after the kanji on the\nend of a native-Japanese word, used to show inflection) can optionally be left\nunwritten. 始 could represent the native-Japanese readings _haji_ , _hajime_ ,\n_hajima_ , or even _hajimari_ , depending on the written context. Similarly, 志\nmight be _kokoroza_ or _kokorozashi_.\n\n### Fluidity\n\nAssuming that someone somewhere has done this kind of reading count for\nJapanese, it is important to note that any such number would not be a\nconstant: new phonological forms, new readings, can be added to and used for\nkanji spellings, such as _naito_ above. How \"correct\" these new readings are\nconsidered is a different question, and partly just a matter of how popular\nand longstanding any such additional reading might be.\n\nI think your underlying assumption here is flawed:\n\n> ... but like any language, there is a finite number of licit phonological\n> forms in Japanese.\n\nWhile Japanese does have a finite number of _phones_ (i.e. sounds), kanji\nreadings are not limited to this small number. Moreover, as illustrated some\nabove, kanji readings are not as fixed as they are in Chinese, and they keep\nchanging.\n\n### Conclusions\n\nTo reduce complexity, let us assume just the fixed set of readings listed in\ncurrent dictionaries, and evaluate your core query:\n\n> I take any random Kanji character and I randomly choose a full phonological\n> form that can be represented by a single character. What's the probability\n> that the pronunciation will be correct?\n\nAs Blavius notes in his post, the range of _on'yomi_ readings is reasonably\nsmall, increasing the probability of an accurate random guess.\n\nHowever, your question seems to be asking about the full range of Japanese\nterms and readings. Including _kun'yomi_ in the mix greatly expands the scope.\nThe sheer number of \" _full phonological form[s] that can be represented by a\nsingle character_ \" is huge, probably orders of magnitude larger than the\ncorresponding set of \" _full phonological form[s]_ \" for Chinese. This\n**vastly** reduces the likelihood of a random match between character and\nreading. I'm not sure what that probability would be, but it's a vanishingly\nsmall number.",
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| 29056 | null | 29058 |
{
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"body": "It kinda popped into my head one day and I want to know the correct meaning\nand translation into English. Translating it through Google Translate gets you\n'Heart of the writing'. I know the meanings of the kanji by themselves but\nsearching the word 筆記 in a dictionary gets me '(taking) notes; copying'.\n\nI would like to know how a native person would read and understand 筆記の心.\n\nEdit: Wikipedia also has it as 'writing' [筆記\n](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98?oldid=42629220) but I\nunderstand only as far as my knowledge and Google Translate can help me.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What are all the possible meanings of 筆記{ひっき}の心{こころ}?",
"view_count": 257
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{
"body": "I am a native speaker of Japanese. In short, 筆記の心 is confusing and unnatural.\n\n筆記 often means _written_ as opposed to _oral_ (筆記試験 = written exam, 口頭試験 =\noral exam). It's the act of writing characters on paper usually using a pen or\na pencil.\n\n筆記の心 never refers to being a good novelist; thinking of heart-touching, well-\nstructured, grammatical sentences is not what 筆記 refers to.\n\nI don't think 筆記の心 can refer to being a good calligrapher, either. Although\nthe kanji 筆 itself means a brush, in modern usage, 筆記 rarely includes writing\nsomething artistic using a brush. The common name for the art of Japanese\ncalligraphy is 書道【しょどう】, and 書道の心 may mean \"the heart/essence of calligraphy\".",
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"body": "As naruto has explained, I agree that 筆記の心 is somewhat oxymoronic. Unlike 書道\n(calligraphy) or 作文 (composition), 筆記 is just the ordinary physical act of\nwriting by hand, and is not thought of as an _art_.\n\nOne possible interpretation could be in the context of exams. Sometimes we\njust say “筆記” as shorthand for 筆記試験. So I could imagine someone talking about\nthe art of succeeding in exams, saying for example:\n\n> 筆記の心はスピードにあり。 \n> _The essence of the written exam is speed._",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "29080",
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"body": "Is there a Japanese phrase equivalent to \"Chopstick gene\" (or \"Chopsticks\ngene\")? Here's a\n[link](http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v5/n1/full/4000662a.html) to a\ndescription in the scientific journal Molecular Psychiatry, and here's one to\n[everything2.com](http://everything2.com/title/chopstick+gene), but the idea\nis this:\n\nA naive scientist, acting in good faith, tries to determine if there's a\ngenetic component to the ability to use chopsticks. Lo and behold, the\nscientist finds genetic differences between those who are good at it, and\nthose who are bad at it. However, the findings are useless: the genetic\ndifferences have no bearing on chopstick using ability, it's just that some\ngenetic variations are common in Asian people, and some are common in non-\nAsians, and the scientist didn't think of checking that.\n\nJust to clarify, the \"chopstick gene\" isn't meant to be about scientists\ntrying to argue that there are innate differences between different races\nbased on genetic differences, such as people claiming that a so-called\n\"warrior gene\" (a different version of the MAO-A gene) is more common in Maori\npeople than non-Maoris.\n\nI tried doing a search based on 箸遺伝子 (the Japanese for chopstick, plus the\nJapanese for gene), but I didn't notice anything relevant.\n\nThe phrase \"Chopstick gene\" isn't very common in English, so there may not be\na Japanese equivalent.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-07T08:41:37.780",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Is there a Japanese phrase equivalent to \"Chopstick gene\"?",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "I could find two people who refer to this fallacy as “箸の誤り”:\n\n * [集団の構造化による箸の誤り - NATROMの日記](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/NATROM/20041210)\n * [天才遺伝子は存在するか](http://www.pluto.dti.ne.jp/~ohto/nw/nw98/nw980526.html)\n\nBut as commenters have noted, it is probably not an established phrase, even\nwithin the domain.\n\nThe words\n[相関関係と因果関係](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E9%96%A2%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E3%81%A8%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82)\n(correlation and causation) are more widely understood.\n\nSomething like “虚偽の原因の誤謬{ごびゅう}” or “因果関係の誤謬” will work too, especially in the\ncontext of logic/skepticism. (An average person off the street may not know\nwhat a 誤謬 is.)",
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| 29061 | 29080 | 29080 |
{
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"body": "I was reading a news article but I am not sure what 両岸 means in this context.\n\n> 中台の間では経済や人的(てき)交流が進んでいるとしたうえで、 **両岸** の関係は過去６６年間で最も平和的な状態にある.\n\nDictionary search result is as follows:\n\n> りょうがん \n> 両岸\n>\n> 1. both banks (of a river)\n>\n\n>\n> After the heavy rains, the river overflowed its banks. \n> 大雨が続いて川の水が両岸からあふれ出た。",
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"score": 9,
"tags": [
"words",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 両岸 in this context?",
"view_count": 137
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{
"body": "[両岸]{りょうがん} refers to the two countries of China and Taiwan. It comes from the\nfact that they are on both sides (両岸) of the Taiwan Strait. So basically the\nsame meaning as 中台.\n\nFor example, the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between mainland\nChina and Taiwan is **両岸** 経済協力枠組協議 in Japanese.\n\nSo,\n\n> 両岸の関係は過去６６年間で最も平和的な状態にある. \n> China/Taiwan relations are the most peaceful they have been in the past 66\n> years.",
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| 29065 | 29066 | 29066 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29358",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm confused about the parts in bold in the sentence below:\n\n> 山田みたいに、ぜんぜん勉強しなくて **いいやって**\n> 、わりきれるわけじゃないわりにはそれほど勉強しないし、怒られても気にしない性格じゃないし...すごく **いやだなって**\n> 思ってるのに、ついつい怒られているよ...ああ、最悪の人生だね。\n>\n> Like 山田, I don't study at all **???** It doesn't mean that I'm satisfied\n> with not studying that much, and I'm not the sort of person who doesn't care\n> about making people angry... **even though I think it's really unpleasant**\n> ... unintentionally making people angry ... it's the worst life (my\n> translation attempt)\n\nMy best guess at what いいやって means is \"play well and...\" but shouldn't that be\nよくやって?\n\nAs for すごくいやだなって, I'm assuming って is the quote marker for 思う. And いやだな is just\nいやだ (it's unpleasant) with a な on the end for emphasis.\n\nAlso, my translation of \"even though\" for のに seems a bit incongruous.\n\nPlease explain any errors I have made.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-07T16:39:59.530",
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"id": "29068",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Help understanding いいやって and いやだなって",
"view_count": 1028
} | [
{
"body": "As for the part of `ぜんぜん勉強しなくていいやって`, `って` is the quote mark, same as\n`いやだなって思ってる`. `いいや` can be divided into `いい` and `や`. `いい` has a meaning of `I\ndon't mind`, and `や` is just an auxiliary verb. Therefore, the translation of\n`ぜんぜん勉強しなくていいやって` will be `I don't mind if I do not study at all`.\n\nAs for `すごくいやだなって`, your guess is completely correct.\n\nMy translation is:\n\nNot like 山田, I can not consider studying as trivial matters. But, considering\nthis, I do not study that much, and I am not the person who do not care about\ngetting scolded... I feel getting scold is very undesirable, but I somehow\nbeing scolded... it's the worst life.",
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"body": "I think the や in question here is just colloquial/kansai-ben for だ. It doesn't\nreally have anything to do with やる.",
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"body": "I'll elaborate on the いいや.\n\nFrom [大辞林](http://www.excite.co.jp/dictionary/japanese/?itemid=DJR_ya_-130):\n\n> ### や\n>\n> ㊃（終助）② 軽く言い放つような気持ち，または，なげやりな気持ちを表す。 \n> 「まあ，いい **や** 」 「今さらどうしようもない **や** 」\n\nThe `〜や` adds an “oh well” or a “whatever” kind of sentiment. You use it like\nyou would use `〜よ`, but **to yourself** and with a sense of resignation.\n\nいい can sometimes be safely translated to “don't mind”, but perhaps it would be\neasier to just think of it as an “okay”:\n\n> A: ここ座って **いい** ？ _(Is it okay if I sit here?)_ \n> B: **いい** よ _(Okay)_\n\nThen, when you're telling **yourself** that something is okay, you might say:\n\n> このベンチ汚いけど座っていいかな？ **いいや** 、座っちゃおう。 \n> _This bench is dirty, is it okay if I sit? Okay, what the heck, I'll sit._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-20T16:20:37.800",
"id": "29358",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-20T16:20:37.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "888",
"parent_id": "29068",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 29068 | 29358 | 29358 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "社会主義体制下のソ連時代。\n\nThis sentence is structured in a way that is very confusing to me. The best\nway I can translate this is 'The Soviet era under the Socialist System'\n\nAny better ways to translate this.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T03:06:13.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29076",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-26T04:59:28.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "社会主義体制下のソ連時代。Clarification on this sentence",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "'The Soviet era under the Socialist System'で問題ないと思います。\nなお、新聞や雑誌などの記事で、冒頭部分が「社会主義体制下のソ連時代。」のように体言止めでブツ切りにされていて、その次に別の文が続く表現はマスメディアの表現方法として頻繁に見られます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-26T04:59:28.340",
"id": "41211",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 29076 | null | 41211 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 山 を こえ、 たに を こえ、 うみ に でる と、 おに の ふね が ありました\n\nIt translates as\n\n> They went over the mountains, and over the valleys \n> And came out to the sea, and there was a devil boat\n\nWhy is it \"koe\" means \"went over\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T03:20:13.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29077",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T09:42:24.960",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-08T09:42:24.960",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11649",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "How does \"koe\" mean \"went over\"?",
"view_count": 483
} | [
{
"body": "こえ is a\n[conjunctive](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%94%A8%E5%BD%A2) form\nof the verb 越える{こえる} meaning roughly \"to go past\", \"to go beyond\", like\n[山を越える](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%B1%B1%E3%82%92%E8%B6%8A%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T03:38:24.767",
"id": "29078",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T05:02:46.183",
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"last_editor_user_id": "888",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "29077",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 29077 | null | 29078 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The English phrase \"wrapped around your finger\" usually means that a male is\nso fond of a girl that she can get him to do almost anything she wants, or to\ngive her whatever she wants. In my case, it is my 2-year old daughter. I could\nsay she has me \"wrapped around her finger\" because she's just so cute it's\nhard for me to see her upset.\n\nDoes anyone have a similar phrase in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T05:47:34.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29079",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T13:07:13.550",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-08T06:04:37.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "4106",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"idioms",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Japanese equivalent of the phrase \"wrapped around your finger\"?",
"view_count": 988
} | [
{
"body": "When talking about children/grandchildren and not romantic relationships, a\ncommon idiom is:\n\n>\n> [目に入れても痛くない{いたくない}](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%AB%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E7%97%9B%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84) \n> (Literal: _It wouldn't hurt if I put them in my eye_ )\n\nIt's similar to saying that they are the apple of your eye, and you could do\nanything for them.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T06:22:03.503",
"id": "29082",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T06:22:03.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "888",
"parent_id": "29079",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "I guess a phrase similar to \"dance to somebody's tune\" fits here well too:\n\n> 彼女にうまく踊らされている。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T11:19:44.820",
"id": "29088",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T13:07:13.550",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-08T13:07:13.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "29079",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29079 | null | 29082 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, in an a situation like\n\n> 誰がやった？\n>\n> 彼がやったんだ\n\nWould the latter sentence be considered past or present tense? Is んだ a\ncombination of の and だ with だ as a copula, or is it a different word\naltogether that functions more like other sentence ending particles like\nよ,ぞ,な, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T06:08:49.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29081",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T11:36:36.443",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"tense",
"no-da"
],
"title": "Is a sentence like 彼がやったんだ past or present tense?",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "Both is past tense. The former is a question the latter is an answer (he did\nit).\n\nThis topic is similar to this question: [のだから vs のだ (んだから vs\nんだ）](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1870/%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-vs-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89-vs-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T11:36:36.443",
"id": "29090",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T11:36:36.443",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "2965",
"parent_id": "29081",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 29081 | null | 29090 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29089",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 拍子抜けって言えば拍子抜けやなぁ。どこも大事には **なっとらんかった** みたいやし....なんか踊らせてた感があるわ\n\nI don't understand what this part means. I tried looking it up but I can't\nfind anything. Is it a single word?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T08:51:52.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29083",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-18T01:32:33.103",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-18T01:32:33.103",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "What is なっとらんかった?",
"view_count": 938
} | [
{
"body": "なっとらん Kansai-ben = なってない Hyōjungo\n\n> どこも大事にはなってなかったみたいですし",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T11:31:18.263",
"id": "29089",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T11:31:18.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"parent_id": "29083",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29083 | 29089 | 29089 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29157",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I still have a lot of problems figuring out when to use もの at the end of a\nsentence.\n\nI got in my JLPT book this example sentence:\n\n> 100歳の祖母は健康診断で何も異常がなかった。あの年にもなれば、悪いところの一つ二つは（ ）\n\nI was unsure between those two answer options: \na) ありそうなのだ b) ありそうなものだが\n\nI guessed (since I have no reliable language feeling for when to use もの)\nanswer a, but the solution says b). Can someone explain why a) is obviously(?)\nwrong here and it must be b)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T08:55:49.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29084",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-11T07:11:29.997",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-09T10:08:24.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "2965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "Using もの at the end of a sentence",
"view_count": 1482
} | [
{
"body": "## Which is correct\n\nThe correct choice is b) because this sentence is a typical turn of phrase.\nChoosing a) is not impossible, but strange anyway.\n\n## Translation of correct answer\n\nJapanese:\n\n>\n> 100[歳]{さい}の[祖母]{そぼ}は[健康]{けんこう}[診断]{しんだん}で[何]{なに}も[異常]{いじょう}がなかった。あの[年]{とし}にもなれば、[悪]{わる}いところの[一]{ひと}つ[二]{ふた}つはありそうなものだが。\n\nAdd some omitted words to make this sentence clear.\n\n>\n> 100[歳]{さい}の[祖母]{そぼ}は[健康]{けんこう}[診断]{しんだん}で[何]{なに}も[異常]{いじょう}がなかった。（[普通]{ふつう}なら）あの[年]{とし}にもなれば、（[健康]{けんこう}に[関]{かか}わる）[悪]{わる}いところの[一]{ひと}つ[二]{ふた}つはありそうなものだが、（どういうわけか[彼女]{かのじょ}にはない）。\n\nEnglish:\n\n> My grandmother, who is 100 years old, got no bad point on medical\n> examination. (In ordinary case) people will get some trouble in health for\n> being old like her, (but somehow she doesn't).\n\n## Explanation\n\nAn expression, `〜ものだ`, means \"something in general\" in this case.\n\nExample 1:\n\n> こしょうは[普通]{ふつう}[辛]{から}いものだ。\n>\n> Pepper is hot in general.\n\nExample 2, a conversation:\n\n> A「このギターはぼろぼろなのに、なぜか[高]{たか}いよ。」\n>\n> B「ヴィンテージギターはそういうものだよ。」\n>\n> A: This guitar is really damaged, but so expensive somehow.\n>\n> B: It's general for vintage guitar.\n\nExample 3:\n\n> [歳]{とし}をとれば、[肌]{はだ}はシワシワになりそうなものだけど。\n>\n> Skin will get wrinkled for getting old in general.\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThe speaker of first sentence thought that ordinary people will be in ill\nhealth for getting old, but her/his grandmother isn't. The speaker expressed\nher feeling with `ものだ`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T07:11:29.997",
"id": "29157",
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"owner_user_id": "5353",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 29084 | 29157 | 29157 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29773",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard the following phrase in response to someone claiming that he had\nresearched documents about some historical figure. The person who had opposing\nidea commented with:\n\n> かけずほど当てにならない\n\nFrom the context I guess it must have meant something along \"I won't argue\nwith written things\" (more literally \"If it's not written down, it can't\ntrue\"), but the use of かけずほど is a mystery for me.\n\nCould it be **書けず** ほど? What would be a grammatical rule behind it? Or could I\nhave misheard it?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T09:21:23.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29085",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-09T10:15:32.710",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-08T09:24:24.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "If I heard correctly かけずほど当てにならない, then was it 書けずほど?",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "As pointed out by l'électeur in the comments, the person probably said:\n\n> 家系図{かけいず}ほど当てにならないものはない \n> _There is nothing more unreliable than a family tree_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-09T10:15:32.710",
"id": "29773",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "888",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
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| 29085 | 29773 | 29773 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need some help reasoning out the implied meaning of を in a song lyric. The\nlines in question are:\n\n何{なに}もかもが隠{かく}された この世界{せかい}で生{い}きるよ 僕{ぼく}だけの輝{かがや}きを\n\nI'm a little shaky on how を should be interpreted in cases like these where it\njust sort of trails off the sentence. What's a good way to interpret these\nsituations for meaning? In what way is を showing that 輝{かがや}き is an object?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T11:40:29.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29091",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T13:31:35.127",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-08T12:01:34.127",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Implicit Meanings/Interpretations of を",
"view_count": 90
} | [
{
"body": "This sentence omits `生きるよ` at the end of the sentence. So, complete sentence\nwill be `何もかも隠されたこの世界で生きるよ。僕だけの輝きを生きるよ。`.\n\nThe speaker of this sentence thinks that the world is clouded. But at the same\ntime, the speaker sets his mind on living the world in his shining way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T13:31:35.127",
"id": "29093",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 29091 | null | 29093 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29095",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The other day, I saw on a news site The Verge an image from the new Star Wars\nmovie and it had a question without the question marker particle at the end:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QkAHx.jpg)\n\nThe question was:\n\n> どこから来たの? (Where are you from?)\n\nI was expecting the particle `か` at the end.\n\nAre these edge cases or are there patterns of questions that can omit the\nquestion marker ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T14:45:01.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29094",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-08T15:48:31.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10803",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"questions"
],
"title": "No question marker questions",
"view_count": 122
} | [
{
"body": "Questions in plain speech are usually without か. With it, they sound masculine\nand slightly rough. Questions in polite speech can also be without か, but to\nme that sounds slightly feminine unless there's a question word such as 何 or\nどう; in either case, it's more colloquial than a question with か.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T15:48:31.893",
"id": "29095",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 29094 | 29095 | 29095 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29102",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「志貴さま。今のは姉さんにはその...」\n>\n> 黙っていてくださいとごにゃごにゃ呟く翡翠。\n>\n> 「なに、今のって琥珀さんに話しちゃいけないことなんだ。そっか。わかった」\n>\n> そんなことは、ぜひ琥珀さんに教えてあげなくては。\n>\n> 「……志貴さま。その、 **なにを考えているかすぐ解るような態度は改めたほうがよろしいかと思います** 」\n>\n> 「ん？なに、別になにも考えてないけど、俺」\n\n[Shiki-sama, that thing I said just now...]\n\n\"Please do not tell it\" Hisui mumbled.\n\n[What, that thing now you mean it's something I should not tell Kohaku. I see.\nI understand]\n\nThat thing, I have to tell kohaku about it.\n\n[Shiki-sama. Ehm, what you are thinking I immediately understand, an attitude\nlike that I think you should change it]\n\n[What? I am not thinking anything though]\n\n* * *\n\nI am not sure about\n\n> 「……志貴さま。その、なにを考えているかすぐ解るような態度は改めたほうがよろしいかと思います」\n\nIs my translation correct?\n\nThe fan-translation is:\n\n> Shiki-sama. I think you should try not to show what you are thinking.\n\nI am really not sure which one is correct, they are completely different.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-08T16:57:11.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29096",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-21T14:01:02.950",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-21T14:01:02.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "888",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Parsing 何を考えているかすぐ解るような態度は改めたほうがいい",
"view_count": 196
} | [
{
"body": "The correct way to parse this is 《なにを考えてるかすぐ解るような態度》は改めたほうが….\n\nThe thing that he should 改める is the 態度 whereby なにを考えてるかすぐ解る. That is, he\nshould do something about that demeanor of his where anyone would immediately\nknow what he is thinking. The grammatical content of the fan-translation is\nessentially correct here.\n\nYour translation has all the right components, but it puts them together in a\nsort of incoherent way. In particular, Hisui is not directly saying that she\nknows what Shiki is thinking (though it's implied, obviously).\n\n* * *\n\nAddendum: I can't quite tell from your translation where you're getting\ntripped up on translating this, so maybe this breakdown will help.\n\n * なにを考えているか = \"what [Shiki] is thinking\"\n * なにを考えているかすぐ解る = \"for [someone] to immediately know what [Shiki] is thinking\"\n * なにを考えているかすぐ解るような態度 = \"an attitude/demeanor whereby [someone] immediately knows what [Shiki] is thinking\" (let us call this entity \"X\")\n * Xを改める = \"to alter X\"\n * Xを改めたほうがよろしい = \"it is better to alter X\"\n * Xを改めたほうがよろしいかと思います = \"I think you ought to alter X\"",
"comment_count": 6,
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| 29096 | 29102 | 29102 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to express \"*professional English writing style\". The writing styles I\nmean are the ones used in white papers, _The Economist_ , etc. Can I say:\n\n> プロような英書きかた{えがきかた}。\n\nUsing the precedent of \n**\"英語の文法\" ---> \"英文\"**\n\nCan I do this: \n**\"英語の書き方\"** ---> **\"英[書]{が}き方{かた}\"**\n\nMight it sound clever and learned if said by a non-native, but perhaps is not\nsomething that a native would actually say.",
"comment_count": 10,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-08T19:14:52.600",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can I say \"プロような英書き方\"?",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "The word for _writing style_ in this context is 文体{ぶんたい}.\n\nHere are some options to qualify that:\n\n * かしこまった _rigid_ , _strict_ , or _official_\n * 洗練された _polished_\n * 高度な _advanced_\n * 高尚な _refined, high culture_ (perhaps a little snooty)\n * 論文のような _like an academic paper_\n * 公式文書のような _like an official document_\n * 経済誌のような _like an economic journal_\n\nChain them together as you see fit, for example:\n\n> 経済誌のようなかしこまった英語の文体",
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| 29098 | null | 29107 |
{
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"body": "I've observed that in many cases where people are speaking informally and want\nto make an impact especially in exclamations, the speakers will change\ndiphthongs at the end of words to an elongated え.\n\nExamples are:\n\nすごい -> すげえ\n\nお前【まえ】 -> おめえ\n\n手前【てまえ】 -> てめえ\n\nうるさい -> うるせえ\n\nひどい -> ひでえ\n\nない -> ねえ\n\nSome of these seem to be extremely rude.\n\nI'm wondering about how general this is and in what cases it can be used. I'm\ngoing to limit myself to 東京弁【とうきょうべん】, as I can imagine there is a lot of\nvariety depending on where the speaker comes from.\n\nThough, in some cases I can see it leading to confusion, like with:\n\n嫌【きら】い -> きれえ\n\nWhich sounds like きれい, though maybe just to foreigners and not native\nspeakers, context and tone of voice might also make it abundantly clear.\n\nAlso, it'd be nice to get a list of some common words where this can be done,\nif it is in fact not a very general thing. How productive is this change, and\nwhat are the exceptions or rules that prevent this change?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-08T19:49:51.423",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"slang",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Changing of vowels at the end of words to え",
"view_count": 867
} | [
{
"body": "It is assumed by 東京弁{とうきょうべん} you mean 標準語{ひょうじゅんご} - Japanese Standardised\nLanguage. Although there is a dialect called 東京弁 some have argued it contains\nelements from all the different regional dialects as people have gravitated\ntowards the capital. Further, 東京弁 contains two traditional sub-dialects\n[山]{やま}の[手]{て}[言葉]{ことば} and 下町言葉{したまちことば} both of which have almost died out\n(as they were absorbed into the Tokyo standard).\n\nIn 標準語 these words do not officially appear (even in spoken examples).\nHowever, they do see use especially with younger people and especially with\nmales. Almost all the words you have mentioned sound like they come from a\nHigh School to Mid 30 year old male. As to some being \"extremely rude\", if the\ninitial word before the diphthong edition was rude, the word still retains\nit's appropriate level of rudeness.\n\nAlso to look at some of your examples...\n\n * うるさい may also be heard as うぜえー\n * 嫌{きら}い does not become きれえ. Your initial assumption about hearing something else was correct. \n * Most often 綺麗{きれい} becomes きれえ.\n\nIt is of note that in almost all circumstances using these words will not\nelicit good responses from people unless you know the person quite well or\nwould like to get into a fight with someone (in the case of referring to\nanyone as てめえ).\n\nIt is most likely to be done to adjectives, but it is difficult to come up\nwith an all encompassing list as this can be done to a great many words.\nHowever, here are a few.\n\n * 寒{さむ}い -> さめえ OR さみい\n * 暑{あつ}い -> あちぇえ OR あちい\n * 安{やす}い -> やせえ\n * 高{たか}い -> たけえ\n * 可愛{かわい}い -> かわええ\n * 強{つよ}い -> ついぇえ\n * 怖{こわ}い -> こうぇえ\n * 短{みじか}い -> みじけえ\n * 長{なが}い -> なげえ\n * 臭{くさ}い -> くせえ\n * うまい -> うめえ\n * でかい -> でけえ\n * まずい -> まっぜえ\n * 偉{えら}い -> えれぇ\n * 小さい -> ちっちぇえ OR ちっちゃい\n\n * choco also mentions, 赤い -> あけえ\n\nAs to the productivity of the change, that is largely based on the speakers\npreference. It is often seen to be easier to speak as this type of language\naccentuates rolling between syllables without pauses rather than pausing as\nyou would with 標準語。\n\nThe rules / exceptions that prevent the change would be that it isn't\nconsidered proper Japanese (標準語) nor is it generally considered gender\nneutral. Also, some perceive people who talk this way as either a bit \"wild\"\nor somewhat uneducated.\n\nChoco also provided a [link](http://www.ondoku.sakura.ne.jp/hougensiryou.html)\nto a list of 横浜弁 (which seems to be similarly in use in Tokyo proper [link\nalso includes 山形弁と鹿児島弁] and is all in Japanese).",
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{
"body": "It's widely seen in eastern dialects including Tokyo dialect (not Standard\nJapanese), and heavily dialectal speakers may apply it to almost all\ndiphthongs.\n\nTo answer your question, you are not supposed to use it as long as you speak\nStandard Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-09T06:53:26.053",
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| 29099 | 29103 | 29103 |
{
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"body": "I've seen from [this\nlink](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11073/meaning-of-\nsentence-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B) and other sources that\nverb-てまで means \"to the point of verb\" or \"to the extent of verb\". But I can't\nmake this work in the phrase below.\n\n> 必死で努力してまでほめられるの...\n>\n> being praised to the point of being frantic and making effort.\n\nFrom the context I think it should be talking about being frantic and making\neffort so that he can get praise.\n\nIs there another interpretation of verb-てまで that makes more sense here?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-08T20:32:18.583",
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"id": "29101",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Meaning of verb-てまで",
"view_count": 1527
} | [
{
"body": "To approach it from a different angle, it may be useful to know that 〜してまで is\nabout **weighing the _worth_ of actions**. Often the whole construct is\nnegated, meaning that Y is not worth X:\n\n> [X してまで Y する] 〜ない \n> _Y is not worth doing X_\n\n* * *\n\n## Breakdown: Negated example\n\n> お金を払っ **てまで** 食べようとは思わ **ない** \n> _I don't feel like eating it to the extent of paying money._\n\nYou're actually weighing two things, and saying that 食べる is not worth お金を払う:\n\n> [ **お金を払う** してまで **食べる** ] 〜ようとは思わない\n\n* * *\n\n## Breakdown: Non-negated example\n\n> 命をかけ **てまで** 助けてくれた \n> _They saved me, to the point of risking their life._\n\nHere, the rescuer weighed the two things, and decided that 助ける was worth\n命をかける:\n\n> [ **命をかける** してまで **助ける** ] 〜してくれた\n\n* * *\n\n## 必死で努力してまでほめられる\n\nI'm not sure about the context of the ellipsis in your example, but even from\nthat stub you can parse the overall sentiment as:\n\n> ほめられる is not worth 必死で努力する\n\nThe ellipsis could signify a question ( _Is getting praise worth making a\nfrantic effort…?_ ), or disapproval ( _Wow, making a frantic effort for\npraise…_ ). Or it could actually be a non-negated statement, like\n“必死で努力してまでほめられるの **が好き**!” ( _I like getting praise so much that it is worth a\nfrantic effort!_ ).",
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| 29101 | 29109 | 29109 |
{
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"body": "What's the difference between [一番星]{いちばんぼし} and [最初]{さいしょ}の[星]{ほし} ?\n\nDo they both mean _the first star_ in the same context?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-09T03:14:19.803",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 一番星 and 最初の星?",
"view_count": 179
} | [
{
"body": "Only 一番星 means _the first star_. \nIf you call me up and say ''最初の星を見つけた'', I may not understand what you\nmention. I may wonder if you're looking in a new telescope, or you have\nresearched the oldest star in the universe.",
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| 29104 | null | 29110 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29143",
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"body": "What is the difference between 姿勢 vs 態勢 vs 体勢？ They all seem to mean \"posture\"\nor \"attitude.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-09T05:59:03.853",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 姿勢 vs 態勢 vs 体勢？",
"view_count": 361
} | [
{
"body": "## 態勢\n\nPreparedness for response that is temporary or limited. (For standardized,\nsustained, or permanent systems and functions, use 体制 instead.)\n\n * 着陸態勢に入る _prepare for landing_\n * 移民の受け入れ態勢を整える _prepare for accepting immigrants_\n\n## 体勢\n\nBodily posture, position, or form.\n\n * 有利な体勢 _advantageous position_\n * 射撃体勢 _shooting position_\n\n## 姿勢\n\nBodily posture or position; attitude.\n\n * 姿勢がいい _have good posture_\n * 謙虚な姿勢 _humble attitude_\n\nWhen referring to bodily postures, I seem to use 姿勢 when mainly the spine is\ninvolved, and 体勢 when limbs are involved. They're pretty interchangeable\nthough.\n\n* * *\n\nReference:\n[「体制」「態勢」「体勢」などの使い分け](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/gimon/173.html)",
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| 29106 | 29143 | 29143 |
{
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"body": "What differences are there between にとって and として ?\n\nTo the best of my understanding, both have meanings of stating something from\na certain point of view or perspective. However, I think that there's some\nkind of nuance/grammar pattern between them that renders them\nnoninterchangeable.\n\nFor one, I guess it's ok to say\n\n> 僕にとって、これは大嫌い。\n>\n> 人間として、人殺しはいけないことだ。\n\nBut you couldn't reverse the two to say\n\n> 僕として、これは大嫌い。\n>\n> 人間にとって、人殺しはいけないことだ。\n\nIntuitively, I'm thinking it has something to do with volitionality?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-09T12:56:58.833",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between にとって and として",
"view_count": 11065
} | [
{
"body": "It's difficult for me to explain it, so I'll simply write some facts here.\n\n 1. 僕にとって、これは大嫌い is ungrammatical but 僕として **は** これは大嫌い or 僕がこれが大嫌い are fine, and of course you can convert がs to は. 「僕にとってこれは大嫌いなものだ」 is also fine.\n\n 2. 人間として、人殺しはいけないことだ is fine, though it's inversion of 「人殺しは、人間としていけないことだ」.\n\n 3. 僕として、これは大嫌い doesn't make sense but 僕として **は** これは大嫌い is fine.\n\n 4. 人間にとって、人殺しはいけないことだ is fine.",
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"body": "In my head, it basically works like this:\n\n> X として = **As** X \n> X にとって = **For** X\n\nThey can sometimes be interchangeable in the sense that they both make sense,\nbut the meaning is a little different:\n\n 1. 親 **として** 、許せないことだ \n_**As** a parent, it's an unforgivable thing._\n\n 2. 親 **にとって** 、許せないことだ \n_**For** a parent, it's an unforgivable thing._\n\nSame with the murder example. `〜として` would mean “ **As** humans, murder is a\nbad thing”, and `〜にとって` would mean “ **For** humans, murder is a bad thing.”\n\nIn many cases, only one of them will make sense:\n\n * 学校 **として** 、子供を守らないといけない \n_**As** a school, we have to protect our children._\n\n * 僕 **にとって** 、ハワイに行くのは夢だ \n_**For** me, going to Hawaii is a dream._\n\n* * *\n\n## 〜として goes better with categorical nouns\n\n`〜として` will more often take categorical nouns, as opposed to specific nouns.\nFor example, 男 is a category, while 僕 is a specific person. “As a man…” or “As\nmen…” is more natural than “As me…”.\n\nBut when you add `は` at the end to make `〜としては`, it will work with any kind of\nnoun, common or specific. `オバマとしては〜`, `マイクロソフトとしては〜`, `君としては〜`, are all fine.",
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{
"body": "**Usage**\n\n```\n\n とって can be for me\n として can be as someone.\n \n```\n\n**Correct** \nThese are correct, and can be translated into English.\n\n```\n\n 僕にとって、これは大嫌い。\n For me, this is the thing I hate.\n 人間として、人殺しはいけないことだ。\n Murder is never allowed as human being.\n \n```\n\n**Strange** \nSounds strange, but I can understand as Japanese. \nThese can not be translated into proper English.\n\n```\n\n 僕として、これは大嫌い。\n I hate this thing as me.\n \n 人間にとって、人殺しはいけないことだ。\n For human, murder is never allowed.\n \n```",
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| 29113 | 29135 | 29135 |
{
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"body": "In \"Minna no nihongo II\" book, lesson 47, mondai question 6.3 there is a\nsentence:\n\n> オーストラリアで山火事があったそうです.\n\nWhy is で used and not に? If both can be used what would be the difference\nbetween them ? would the meaning of the sentence change",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-09T13:04:05.537",
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"owner_user_id": "11664",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "Usage of で in the following sentence",
"view_count": 249
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{
"body": "You can express where an event happens or takes place by using ''で''. \nYou cannot use ''に'' in this context. \n\nI'm giving examples below. \n\n * 東京{とうきょう} **で** 会議{かいぎ}があります。\n * 空港{くうこう} **で** 荷物{にもつ}の検査{けんさ}がある。\n * 山火事{やまかじ}があったそうです。- どこ **で** ですか。- オーストラリア **で** です。or どこ **で** （あった）かはわかりません。\n * この町{まち} **で** は、11月{がつ}に大{おお}きなお祭{まつ}りがある。- となりの町 **で** も（大きなお祭りが）ありますか。- となりの町 **で** は（大きなお祭りは）ありません。\n\n \n\nMeanwhile, you can use ''に'' to express where a thing is.\n\n * 東京{とうきょう} **に** 国技館{こくぎかん}(Sumo wrestling amphitheater)があります。\n * 空港{くうこう} **に** 荷物{にもつ}の検査場{けんさじょう}がある\n * ウルルという巨大{きょだい}な岩{いわ}があるそうです。- どこ **に** ですか。- オーストラリア **に** です。or どこ **に** （ある）かはわかりません。\n * この町{まち} **に** は、大{おお}きなダム(dam)がある。- となりの町 **に** も（大きなダムが）ありますか。- となりの町 **に** は（大きなダムは）ありません。",
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| 29114 | 29117 | 29117 |
{
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"body": "In Minna No Nihongo II みんなの日本語初級II 文型練習帳(Exercise 38 on page 89) there is an\nexercise about のは, のが and のを, where a list of words is given, and you have to\ndecide which words fit best with のは, which fit best with のが and which fit best\nwith のを.\n\nThe question is:\n\n> 「〜のは／〜のが／〜のを」といっしょによく使われることばをえらびましょう。\n\nWith the list of words being:\n\n> 好きだ、危ない、忘れた、難しい、早い、遅い、体にいい、無理だ、上手だ、気持ちがいい、楽しい、知っている\n\nThe book already gives the answers for the first 2 as being: \nのが好きだ \nのは危ない\n\nCan anyone explain why some of those words fit best with のは and some with のが？\nTo my thinking, all of the words that could go with のは could alternatively go\nwith のが, depending on the exact meaning you want to convey.\n\nMy understanding is that the の nominalizes the preceding phrase, and then the\nは or が are just the normal particles. So, のは would be used to show that the\nnominalized phrase is the 'topic' and のが would show it is the 'subject',\nirrespective of the actual word.\n\nSo, why does it suggest that some of those words fit best with のは and some\nwith のが?",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Can anyone explain this exercise about のは and のが in Minna No Nihongo II?",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "I am just as confused as you, but using the first two answers (のが好きだ, のは危ない)\nas a hint, the sorting I came up with is:\n\n> **のが** : 好きだ、早い、遅い、上手だ \n> **のは** : 危ない、難しい、体にいい、無理だ、気持ちがいい、楽しい \n> **のを** : 忘れた、知っている\n\n(I could be totally wrong though!)\n\n## Method:\n\n 1. Choose a topic that mostly fits all the words. (I chose **走る** )\n 2. From the get go, 走るの **が** 好きだ and 走るの **は** 好きだ are both valid sentences. But the former is already known to be “correct”. The difference between the two is that the `は` marker has a **contrastive** effect. (I like running, but not something else.) This tells you that you have to pick the particle that is the **most neutral**.\n 3. 走るのは危ない is very different from 〜好きだ in one way: it generally **does not take 私は as a subject**. This led me to sort the words into “words that **need a subject person** (either explicitly or implicitly)” and “words that don't”. So the `のは` batch should contain statements that can or can only stand alone as generalized truths, independent of a subject person. (It's dangerous to run, It's difficult to run, etc.)\n\nSo at least in my reasoning, the words seemed to fall into place when I looked\nat whether the particle was most neutral (non-contrastive), and how it\ninteracted when prefixed by 私は〜.\n\n* * *\n\n**Sidenote** : 国語問題 are notorious among natives for being absurd, but I didn't\nknow JSL textbooks could be so puzzling too! There is even a famous [short\nstory](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%A9%A6%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E5%BF%85%E5%8B%9D%E6%B3%95\n\"国語入試問題必勝法 - Wikipedia\") parodying the farcical state of these exams.",
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"body": "In a fictional story about yakuza member Sahei there was a scene of a duel and\nthe following phrase was used:\n\n> まさかこんな相手に斬られるような左兵衛ではございません。\n\nClearly it means \"Sahei wouldn't lose to such an opponent\". However when 〜ような\nmodifies a proper name, to my ears it sounds like \"he is not one of those\nnamed Sahei who would lose to such an opponent\". Effectively splitting the\n左兵衛-named people into two groups: one that would lose, one that would not.\n\nI find the word order in the above sentence somewhat unusual and wonder if\nthere was an implicit subject involved modified by 〜ような. I would write it:\n\n> まさか左兵衛はこんな相手に斬られるような人間ではございません。\n\nAre the two sentences equal? Does the original make grammatical sense in\ncontemporary Japanese? Is there any explanation for such word order (other\nthan literary style, like the rhythm of a fight)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Describing a person by applying a modifier to their name 〜ような《名前》",
"view_count": 155
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{
"body": "They are equivalent in meaning, though I find the first one more natural.\n`まさかこんな相手に斬られるような` is basically a long phrase that is being used as an\nadjective. In the first sentence, the adjective describes the noun `左兵衛`. In\nthe second sentence, the adjective describes the noun `人間`, which is the\nobject of the sentence.\n\nGranted the sentence is very old school way of talking, but you can think of\nit like `I am handsome` vs. `I am a handsome man`.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-09T17:40:39.863",
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"body": "The thing is, `〜ような` is actually optional.\n\n> こんな相手に斬られる左兵衛ではない \n> _Sahei is not one to lose to such an opponent._\n\nis basically the same, and just as correct. Does that make “one” the\nimplicitly involved subject? I don't know.\n\nThis construct, with or without `〜ような`, is still used in contemporary\nJapanese. Here are some things I found on Google:\n\n * こんなことであきらめる俺じゃない\n * それで怒るような近藤さんじゃない\n * 突き飛ばされたくらいで、体勢を崩すような相良さんじゃない\n * そんなことぐらいでメゲるあゆみさんじゃない",
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| 29116 | null | 29139 |
{
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"body": "I heard in an advertisement:\n\n> 知らないと思うけど ...\n\nWhat does this mean? Is it something like 'Did you know that ...' or 'You may\nnot know this but, ...'\n\nUnder what circumstances is saying this acceptable? I mean, would you say this\nto your supervisor? Or it depends on the circumstances?\n\nIs it used commonly outside of advertisements? If not, why? And what are the\nalternatives to convey this meaning?",
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"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Usage of 知らないと思うけど",
"view_count": 295
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{
"body": "It means, \"You probably don't know this but...\" (used a lot in TV\nadvertisements).\n\nYou wouldn't say it to your supervisor, in fact I don't think I have properly\nheard it said this way outside of TV adverts and telling a friend something,\nin which case 実は... (or one of the examples at the bottom of this answer), are\nnormally used.\n\nAlso, it isn't normally used outside of most advertisements because in some\ncontexts it can portray a sense of the listener being out of the loop and thus\nnot included from the goings on in the topic (which in terms of an impersonal\nadvertisement is exactly what the situation is assumed to be).\n\nIt may also be seen as attempting to insult the listeners intelligence usually\nby stating obvious facts (hence why you shouldn't use it with your\nsupervisor).\n\n> i.e あなたは **知らないと思うけど** 、日本は島国だよ。\n>\n> **You probably don't know this, but** Japan is an island nation.\n\nSaying that, it does still appear in everyday conversation.\n\nHere are some examples of its use.\n\n> [TV Shopping Channel] (Note: Not an actual advertisement. Actual company\n> names have been changed)\n>\n\n>> 普通の掃除機ではカーペットからすべての毛玉などを取れないよね？君はまだ **知らないと思うけど**\n、ダイサンの新製品はサイクルテクノロジーを搭載！このサイクルテクノロジーがもっと細かいところまで届いて...\n\n>>\n\n>> Your normal Vacuum cleaner just can't get all of the dust and things in\nyour carpet can it? **You probably didn't know this but** Daisan's new\nproducts have Cycle Technology built in! Cycle technology can reach even\ndeeper than a conventional Vacuum! ...\n\n>\n> [Talking with friends]\n>\n\n>> A:とも君は最近会ってないね？何してるんだろう？\n\n>>\n\n>> B:ええ？あなたは **知らないと思うけど** 、彼は外国人と結婚して、アメリカに引っ越したよ。\n\n>>\n\n>> A: I haven't met Tomo in a while. I wonder what he is up to?\n\n>>\n\n>> B: Ee? **You probably didn't know but** he married a foreigner and moved to\nAmerica.\n\n＊ It is to note that when talking with friends, it is more common instead of\nあなた（など）は知らないと思うけど to use something more colloquial and with a somewhat\nsurprised nuance.\n\n> > i.e. ええ？知らないの？ **OR** あなた知らないよね？ **OR** 聞いてないの？ etc.",
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| 29120 | 29276 | 29276 |
{
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"body": "In one of the grammar questions for N3, I saw one for which I couldn't\nunderstand the reason why のでは is used.\n\n> この英会話講師のアルバイトに応募したきっかけは、先輩からの紹介です。私の専門は言語学ですので、その知識が生かせる「\n> 」、と思い、応募いたしました。文法に詳しいので、英語はもちろん、日本語での文法の説明もできます。\n\nPossible answers are\n\n> 1) から ２）とか ３）なんて ４）のでは\n\nThe answer marked as correct is のでは. However, I don't understand why. I know\nthat のでは is used in sentences like のではない。However, that's not he case here.\nAlso as ので、when implying reason. However in that case I don't see は added.\nWhen searching through google I found more cases where you can use like this\n\"一歩間違えば指先に刺さるのではと思ってしまう\".\n\nHowever, I don't understand which grammar rule allows for this usage of のでは。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"jlpt",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "Question about usage of 「のでは」",
"view_count": 4284
} | [
{
"body": "The \"のでは\" here implies it's one's (humble) opinion or suspicion.\n\nOne can also say \"その知識が生かせるかと思い\".\n\nI presume this usage is related to \"のではない\".",
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"body": "You are close. The omitted phrase is その知識が生かせるのではない **か** , where か is the\nquestion marking particle you must know well.\n\nIt says \"Can't I make use of the knowledge? (I can!)\" rather than saying \"I\ncan't make use of the knowledge\".\n\nSimilarly, 刺さるのでは in that context means 刺さるのでは **ない（だろう）か** , meaning \"I\nwonder if it pricks\".",
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"body": "**のでは describes possibility.** \n\n> 私の専門は言語学ですので、その知識が生かせる「 」、と思い、応募いたしました。\n\nI applied this opportunity because my proficient is Linguistics. \nIt's possible to take advantage of my knowledge. \n\nJapan's Cultural expression way, we do not insist directly. \nIf this is English, \nI am sure that I can take advantage of my skills in this field. \nIn Japan, we softly insist , that's why のでは is added. \nのでは have effect to make the things more softly.\n\n> 私の専門は言語学ですので、その知識が生かせると思い、応募いたしました。 \n>\n\nIn gramatical, \nThis sentence is also collect ,perfectly works. \nYou can use when you want to approach strongly.",
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| 29121 | 29137 | 29137 |
{
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"body": "In the simple sentence 電話を掛けてから、友だちうちへ行きます。I want to know how kara is used. It\ndidn't feel like it's meaning is \"because\" here it is more like \"after\". I\nthink this translates to \" After I make call, then I will go to friend's house\n\". Could anyone tell me what does the sentence mean. I know translation\nquestions are not entertained on our forum, but this is a not a direct\ntranslation question. My confusion is specific. Thanks",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"て-form",
"time",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "から usage as \"after\"",
"view_count": 34
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| 29127 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29129",
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"body": "In my understanding, 速い is used for motion and 早い represents \"early\".\n\nWhich one is the correct one in this example?\n\n> A: 授業がそろそろ始まるので、 **早く** 来てください。\n>\n> B: 授業がそろそろ始まるので、 **速く** 来てください。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"homophonic-kanji",
"i-adjectives",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Confused in choosing 早い versus 速い",
"view_count": 10099
} | [
{
"body": "Your understanding is correct. 速い refers to one's speed and 早い refers to time.\nHowever, 早い has more uses than just meaning early. Check: [How to distinguish\nbetween the meanings of \"quickly\", \"soon\" and \"early\" for\n早く](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6999/how-to-distinguish-\nbetween-the-meanings-of-quickly-soon-and-early-for-%E6%97%A9%E3%81%8F). 早く来る\nwould mean coming quickly with the focus on getting there on time, not\nparticularly on getting there with speed. For example:\n\n> 早く憲法改正してください。\n\nPlease amend the constitution quickly, which emphasis on getting it done\nbefore it is too late. 早く also means to \"hurry up,\" as in the case with coming\nto class early, or the passage of the amendment, or 「早く質問しろよ」. In your\nexample, 早く would make the most sense.\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/179400/meaning/m0u/> Check the dictionary for\nmore detail. 早い has many more definitions than 速い.",
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"body": "A\n\n来る is not an action you can perform with varying degrees of speed. It's\ncorresponding here more to English \"be here\" or \"appear here\" rather than\n\"walk down here\", \"walk up here\".\n\nAlthough there were opinions voiced\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3262/11104) and\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28277/11104) that the action could\nbe expressed in progressive form.",
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| 29128 | 29129 | 29129 |
{
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"body": "This is a dialogue between 3 students.\n\n> A: おまえきょうのテストどうした？ \n> B: へへ まあな \n> A：なんだよまあなって...できたんかよ？ \n> B：ばーか このおれができるわけないだろ \n> C: こいつのまあなはいつものとおり白紙で **ございって** 意味だよ\n\nAs I understand it, the word 「ござる」 is in polite form. I think that, in this\nsituation, the word 「ある」 would be more proper than the previous one.\n\nExtra question: 「まあな」 used in this conversation means 'well', right?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-10T06:18:41.193",
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Why is the word「ござい」used in this sentence? 白紙でございって意味だ",
"view_count": 425
} | [
{
"body": "This ござい is not used to actually show respect. ～でござい is an abbreviated form of\nでございます, and is a fixed phrase commonly used by traditional Japanese street\nperformers such as [チンドン屋](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chindon%27ya),\n[ガマの油売り](http://ameblo.jp/miyazakitei/entry-12087481344.html), and\n[南京玉すだれ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin_Tamasudare) performers to show\nsomething off and draw people's attention. Person C is imitating their way of\nspeaking.\n\n> ㋐《「ございます」の略》「ある」の意の丁寧語。 **多く口上などで用いられた。** 「田舎者で―、冷え物で―」〈滑・浮世風呂・前〉 (from\n> [goo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/78351/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%94%E3%81%96/))\n\nI don't know the English equivalent of this, but basically this ござい sounds\nsomewhat like \"Look at this!\" or \"Behold!\".\n\nOf course a 白紙のテスト is usually a bad thing, but B here does not care for it. He\nseems to be even proud of giving in a blank paper, hence the expression 白紙でござい\n(≒hey look at this blank paper).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T06:46:22.207",
"id": "29132",
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}
]
| 29131 | 29132 | 29132 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29138",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am looking for two separate Japanese phrases that each convey meanings as\nfollows,\n\n 1. A \"study season\" in which the study or lecture begins to ends with some short holidays in between. For example, a study season of 4 months long that spans from the beginning of April to the end of July with some short holidays (such as golden week or other national holidays).\n\n 2. A \"long holiday season following study season\" with no study at all. For example, it spans for about 1-3 months after study season.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T11:09:41.787",
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"id": "29136",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Japanese special phrases for \"study season\" and \"long holiday season following study season\"",
"view_count": 66
} | [
{
"body": "I think the word for 'study season' is\n[学期【がっき】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%9F).\n\nIn most Japanese elementary and middle schools, there are three 学期 in one\nschool year. 1学期 starts in April and ends in mid July (with Golden Week in\nMay), followed by 夏休み (summer vacation). 2学期 starts in September and ends in\nDecember, followed by 冬休み (winter vacation). 3学期 is a relatively short 学期 from\nJanuary to March. There's 春休み (spring vacation) before the next school year\nbegins, lasting for a few weeks. There are some schools which have irregular\nsystems, but they are called 学期 anyway.\n\nThe generic term for long vacations is 長期【ちょうき】休暇【きゅうか】 or 長期【ちょうき】休業【きゅうぎょう】,\nbut these sound stiff and technical. In conversations we just say 夏休み, 冬休み,\netc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T11:40:00.503",
"id": "29138",
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]
| 29136 | 29138 | 29138 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29141",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It might vary from company to company. When we work as a part-time employee,\nmost companies usually pay only for the time we work. It means that we don't\nget paid for the break time in between.\n\nFor example, if we work from 11:00 to 17:00 and there exists 1 hour break time\nin between, the companies will pay only for 5 hours rather than 6 hours.\n\nIs there a special phrase to convey the meaning of \"the amount of time for\npaid activities\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T13:32:15.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29140",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-11T02:41:13.697",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the phrase for \"the amount of time for paid activities\"?",
"view_count": 262
} | [
{
"body": "[労働時間]{ろうどうじかん} seems to work.\n\nThe [Wikipedia\npage](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%B4%E5%83%8D%E6%99%82%E9%96%93) for\n労働時間 talks about 労働時間 in relation to labour laws (労働基準法), and has a section\nabout calulating time worked (労働時間の計算・範囲).\n\nThe following is the relevant paragraph:\n\n>\n> **休憩時間は労働時間に含まれない。ただし、事実上の休憩時間であっても労働者が使用者の一定の指揮命令下に置かれている場合は休憩時間とは見なされず労働時間に含まれる。**\n> 休憩時間中に来客対応や電話対応をさせる場合[6]、使用者または監督者のもとで労働はしていないがいつでも労働できる待機状態である時間（手待ち時間\n> 例：タクシーの客待ち時間。昭和22年9月13日基発17号）は、出勤を命ぜられ、一定の場所に拘束されている以上、そのような時間も労働時間に含まれる。\n\nSo basically, breaks (休憩) aren't counted as 労働時間 so long as workers are\ncompletely free on their break.\n\n労働時間 is for normal company workers, whereas 勤務時間 is the equivalent phrase for\n公務員.\n\n>\n> 勤務時間（きんむじかん）とは、公務員の一般職の職員が自らの職務に従事しなければならない時間のことで、民間企業の労働者に関して規定している労働基準法で言う労働時間の相当するものであり、基本的には労働基準法で定める労働時間と同様の内容となっている。([source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%A4%E5%8B%99%E6%99%82%E9%96%93))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T13:57:49.283",
"id": "29141",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3010",
"parent_id": "29140",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 29140 | 29141 | 29141 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29156",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The best I can think of is 僕が知る限り + fact + とは限らない. Does this work, are there\nbetter alternatives?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T15:30:08.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29142",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T02:41:18.970",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T02:41:18.970",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3577",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How would you say \"for all I know\" using 限り/限る in Japanese?",
"view_count": 977
} | [
{
"body": "I think what you have is fine, but I would say it as 私の知っている限り.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T16:57:07.863",
"id": "29144",
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{
"body": "My suggestion is \"僕【ぼく】の理解限界【りかいげんかい】[と言【い】えば・について・に関【かん】して]....\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T19:10:38.370",
"id": "29146",
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{
"body": "If I understand you correctly, the phrase you're looking for is more about\nentertaining extreme/absurd possibilities, or humorously saying how little you\nknow about the matter, rather than a sincere “to the extent of my knowledge”.\n\nVariations on “知る限り” will work when you are being sincere, but it doesn't\nreally work in a sarcastic way. I'd say it's closer to a “to my knowledge” or\nan “as far as I know”:\n\n> 僕の知る限りではいい人だよ \n> _As far as I know, he's a good person._\n\nWhen you're just putting out some extreme possibilities, you might consider\nvariations on “可能性もある”. Literally, it means “there is even the possibility\nthat…”, but I think the sentiment can be close:\n\n * 35年という期間は長すぎて、働けなくなる可能性や、 **それこそ** 死んでしまう **可能性もあります** \n_35 years is such a long time, you could become unable to work, or for all you\nknow you could be dead._\n\n * あの人はあまりにもよくテレビに出ていて、毎回 別人の **可能性すらある** \n_He's on TV so frequently, for all I know it could be a different person each\ntime._\n\n * プロフィールは全くのデタラメの可能性もあるのです。相手が故意にウソをいってだまし、犯罪に巻き込もうとしている **可能性さえ考えられます** \n_Profiles can be completely fake. For all you know, the person may be lying to\ndeceive you, trying to involve you in a crime._\n\n(Examples taken and edited from the internet.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-11T06:02:18.210",
"id": "29156",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 29142 | 29156 | 29144 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In casual speech what does _ja na_ mean?\n\nAs in this example:\n\n> 葉人をつかまえたん **じゃな**\n\nGoogling for it only turns up results for じゃない。",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-10T19:20:38.223",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"colloquial-language",
"dialects",
"role-language"
],
"title": "What does じゃな mean?",
"view_count": 5037
} | [
{
"body": "じゃ = だ in some dialects. So this is probably 葉人をつかまえたんだな.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T21:41:52.487",
"id": "29149",
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{
"body": "Like @himself noted, it does mean `葉人をつかまえたんだな`. While some dialects do have\nthis change, more importantly it's used to characterise the speaker as a\nstereotypical wise old male (usually in anime or otherwise in a fiction).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T22:58:39.197",
"id": "29152",
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{
"body": "I believe the `んじゃな` in:\n\n```\n\n 葉人をつかまえたんじゃな\n \n```\n\nIs a localized way to say `んだ` which in turn is an everyday speech\nabbreviation of the actual form of `のだ` where the `の` carries an explanatory\ntone of the sentence based on context (i.e. the person is explaining something\nbased on a query from a previous sentence) and the `だ` represents the positive\nstate of being and in this case is a less formal way of saying `です`\n\nFeel free to correct me if I'm wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T09:52:55.753",
"id": "29161",
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"score": 1
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| 29147 | null | 29152 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29154",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a conversation today, my friend wrote the following\n\n> やれば **やるほど** 英語が上手{うま}くなる\n\nAnother example:\n\n> 練習を **やるほど** に強くなる\n\nI'm guessing the meaning is something close to \"If you study, you will become\ngood at English\". Is it a coincidence that やるほど are together? Can you add ほど\non to any verb and use it like so?\n\nUpdate: I found that やればやるほど specifically means something along the lines of\n'the more [-er]'",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-10T21:54:00.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29150",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-10T21:59:01.227",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "Meaning and use of やるほど",
"view_count": 388
} | [
{
"body": "\"やるほど\" means \"to the extent that you do it.\"\n\nThe translation is not just \"If you study, you will become good at English\"\n\nIt is \"If you study, you will become good at English and the extent to which\nyou become better will be proportional to the amount of study that you do.\"\n\nOr perhaps \"The more you study, the better at English you will become.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T04:50:38.147",
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| 29150 | 29154 | 29154 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29155",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a popular quote from the famous novel _The Little Prince_ :\n\n> What is essential is invisible to the eye.\n\nThe Japanese translation goes something like this:\n\n> 大切な物は目に見えないんだ。\n\nI have three questions: First, invisible is \"cannot be seen\". Why is 見えない used\ninstead of 見られない？\n\nSecond, what does it mean when you put: んだ in the end of the sentence? For me\ni wouldnt have thought about it and could have ended with みられない。\n\nThird, 大切 is important. Since the word used in the text is essential, is it\npossible that there is a better word for that? Something that is one level\nhigher than just being important? Perhaps a level like 欠かせない。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T01:38:35.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29153",
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"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "A quote from 星の王子様 (The Little Prince)",
"view_count": 1471
} | [
{
"body": "**Q1** : Because the verb 見える has [more than one\nmeaning](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/210883/meaning/m0u/), and it can both\nmean \"to be able to see (something)\" and \"to be visible\". See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21516/5010), too.\n\n**Q2** : んだ is a colloquial form of のだ. See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23936/5010).\n\n**Q3** : Literally, _important_ is 大切/重要 and _essential_ is 本質的. And according\nto [this page](http://ijustat.com/gaikokugo/le_petit_prince/01.html), the\noriginal French version seems to contain two similar sentences, one using\n_essentiel_ and one using _important_ :\n\n> * **L'essentiel** est invisible pour les yeux.\n> * Le plus **important** est invisible.\n>\n\nThe translation of the latter using _important_ seems to be better-known in\nJapan. 「本質的なものは目に見えない」 would perfectly make sense, but the word 本質的 may be a\nbit too difficult for children.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-11T04:54:05.610",
"id": "29155",
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| 29153 | 29155 | 29155 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29159",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently, I found a nickname, 青水庵 on the internet. How do you read this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T08:50:48.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29158",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-12T00:07:04.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"names"
],
"title": "How do I read 青水庵 as a name?",
"view_count": 2927
} | [
{
"body": "I read it `[青水庵]{せいすいあん}` if there's no hint.\n\nBut, I googled this name and found an\n[illustrator](http://aomizuan.sakura.ne.jp/) (NSFW) who calls himself\n`[青水庵]{あおみずあん}`.\n\n## Why I read せいすいあん first?\n\n`庵` can be read as either `あん` and `いおり`. In case of this, since `庵` occurs\ndirectly after other kanji in a group, the general rule is to read all kanji\nusing the Chinese pronunciation ([音読]{おんよ}み) in general. e.g.\n[吉兆庵](https://www.kitchoan.co.jp/site/) (きっちょうあん)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T09:18:39.230",
"id": "29159",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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| 29158 | 29159 | 29159 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29163",
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"body": "There is this lyric\n\n> 何から逃れたいんだ \n> 現実ってやつか\n\nWhere 逃れたいんだ seems like its the -tai form. How should I translate this?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T09:42:10.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29160",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-28T18:29:22.793",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-28T15:27:15.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "11200",
"owner_user_id": "11200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"potential-form",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "-Tainda form - explanation please",
"view_count": 574
} | [
{
"body": "As people have mentioned in the comments, the -te form doesn't come into this.\n\nHere we have the ichidan verb [逃]{のが}れる, 'to escape'. So the -tai form would\nbe 逃れたい, which is what we see in the lyrics. \nThe same conjugation as, for example, 食べる→食べたい where you just replace `る` with\n`たい`.\n\n> 何から逃れたいんだ \n> What do you want to get away from? \n> 現実ってやつか \n> (That thing called) reality?\n\nAs @Nothing at all says, `-tai` + `-te form` would be `たくて`.\n\nFor example, 現実から逃れ **たくて** 漫画を読む - to read manga because(-te) you want(-tai)\nto get away from reality.\n\nedit: it seems OP completely changed the initial question. This answer talks\nabout the -te form so much because the initial question was \"-Tai form with\n-te form? explanation please\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T12:05:02.787",
"id": "29163",
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},
{
"body": "何から逃れたいんだ From what do you want to escape?\n\n現実ってやつか Reality?\n\n-tai form correspond to want in English.\n\nverb conjugation 逃れる(normal)->逃れたい(want)\n\ne.g I want have sandwich for lunch. 私はサンドイッチをランチに'食べたい'と思います\n\nverb conjugation 食べる(normal)->食べたい(want)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T12:22:37.303",
"id": "29166",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-11T12:22:37.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11680",
"parent_id": "29160",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 29160 | 29163 | 29163 |
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