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{
"accepted_answer_id": "29165",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Could I translate \"Opportunities for Customers\" as \"お客様との機会点\"\n\nI've seen it used in similar ways to the opposite, which is 問題点 (\"problems\")\n\nI was wondering if this is a correct use in the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T11:28:53.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29162",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-11T12:16:47.670",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation"
],
"title": "機会点-Opportunities",
"view_count": 644
} | [
{
"body": "Opportunities for Customers お客様への機会 It seems to give chance to customer.\n\nお客様との機会 mean the opportunity with customer.\n\nIf you have whole sentence, I can choose more appropriate word choice.\nJapanese are sensitive.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T12:13:45.890",
"id": "29164",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-11T12:13:45.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "I haven't seen such a word as 機会点, but according to Google, 機会点 seems to be\nthe unique term made up by the former president of McDonald's Japan, [Eikō\nHarada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eik%C5%8D_Harada). Did you see 機会点 in a\ncontext related to him?\n\n> その日本マクドナルドＨＤの社長原田泳幸氏は、「課題点」とか「問題点」と言わず、「 **機会点** 」と言っているそうです。なるほどね・・・\n> ([source](http://yyamagata18.blog83.fc2.com/blog-entry-546.html))\n>\n>\n> セールスレポートは昨日までの結果。そして、コールセンターのレポートは、今日からわれわれが取り組むべき課題だ、とも言います。どっちを先に見るべきかというと、コールセンターのレポートです。その課題のところに\n> **機会点** があるわけです。([source](http://keisukeish.exblog.jp/16262099))\n>\n> \"問題点は、 **機会点** とよぶ\" 日本マクドナルド原田社長 ([source](http://ba-\n> um.tumblr.com/post/26109057245/%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%82%B9%E3%81%AF%E6%A9%9F%E4%BC%9A%E7%82%B9%E3%81%A8%E3%82%88%E3%81%B6))\n\nIn general, I don't think 機会点 is recognized by an average Japanese\nbusinessperson. Possible translation would be \"お客様にとっての機会／チャンス／利点\", etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T12:16:47.670",
"id": "29165",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-11T12:16:47.670",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29162",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 29162 | 29165 | 29165 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29172",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 俺一人に琥珀さんと翡翠をかまわせているのも申し訳ないから、とりあえず二人にはもとの仕事に戻ってもらった。\n\nI am pretty sure it's the causative form here since the causative-passive\nwould require 俺一人 to be marked with は.\n\nI am not sure why 俺一人 is marked with に instead of を though.\n\nI understand the meaning of the sentence, it's just that i do not understand\nwhy the particles are like that.\n\nShouldn't it be\n\n> 俺一人 **を** 琥珀さんと翡翠 **に** かまわせているのも申し訳ないから、とりあえず二人にはもとの仕事に戻ってもらった。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T15:19:26.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29170",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-11T22:13:58.427",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-11T22:13:58.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causative, causative-passive and particles",
"view_count": 457
} | [
{
"body": "構【かま】う (= \"care about\", \"mind\", \"worry about\") can be used in the forms of\nboth \"～ **に** 構う\" (intransitively) and \"～ **を** 構う\" (transitively).\n\nFor example, you can both say 「俺はお前 **に** 構っている暇がない」 and 「俺はお前 **を**\n構っている暇がない」, and they're semantically the same! According to [BCCWJ\nCorpus](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/), \"～に構う\" is roughly three\ntimes more common than \"～を構う\".\n\nYou seem to know how to make causative forms from both intransitive and\ntransitive verbs, but [here's the\nsummary](http://thejapanesepage.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=15666#p171340).\n[This question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3624/5010) helps, too.\n\nThe causative version of \"SがVする\" is \"SをVさせる\" if V is an _intransitive_ verb\nthat does not take を. So:\n\n> 琥珀さんと翡翠 **が** 俺一人 **に** かまっている (かまう here is _intransitive_ ) \n> → 琥珀さんと翡翠 **を** 俺一人 **に** かまわせている (using causative form) \n> → 俺一人 **に** 琥珀さんと翡翠 **を** かまわせている (swapping word order)\n\nThe causative version of \"SがOをVする\" is \"SにOをVさせる\" if V is a _transitive_ verb.\nSo:\n\n> 琥珀さんと翡翠 **が** 俺一人 **を** かまっている (かまう here is _transitive_ ) \n> → 琥珀さんと翡翠 **に** 俺一人 **を** かまわせている (using causative form) \n> → 俺一人 **を** 琥珀さんと翡翠 **に** かまわせている (swapping word order)\n\nIn conclusion, the original sentence and your suggestion are both valid, and\nsound equally natural to me.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T17:12:58.963",
"id": "29172",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29170",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 29170 | 29172 | 29172 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 幻想でさえ既知感すら拒絶のはず\n\nさえ and すら in the same sentence? How do I understand this? Like this?\n\n> Even in an illusion even knowledge is supposed to be rejected",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T17:00:27.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29171",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-02T04:49:13.970",
"last_edit_date": "2022-05-02T04:49:13.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "でさえ and すら in the same sentence",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "Based on [the rest of this\ntext](http://book.2ch.net/poem/kako/1054/10540/1054046920.html), it's safe to\nassume that this is intentionally written to be nonsensical. It is very\nunlikely that you will see this kind of usage anywhere else.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-09T10:43:53.960",
"id": "29774",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-09T10:43:53.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "888",
"parent_id": "29171",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 29171 | null | 29774 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29179",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the natural way to express the concept of 'overrated'?\n\nFor example \"this actor is overrated\". The nearest I can think of is\nこの役者はこうひょうかすぎる。But I don't know if this is even grammatically correct.\n\nMore generally, is there a way to express over-something? For example \"I over-\ncooked the egg\". I think I can say 卵をにすぎる to mean \"I cooked the egg too much\"\nbut that doesn't have the same feeling.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T22:48:31.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29174",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-12T05:38:49.953",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-11T22:51:42.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrase-requests",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to express the phrase \"overrated\" or \"over-...\"",
"view_count": 1903
} | [
{
"body": "If you just want to say \"overrated,\" 「過大評価」 is the word for it.\n\n> この役者は過大評価されている。\n\nThe antonym is 「過小評価」. 「高評価すぎる」 sounds a bit strange but would be fine it it\nwere 「高く評価されすぎる」. I think 高評価 is used often in context that imply positive\nimpressions, which doesn't match the negative nuance of \"overrated.\"\n\nIn general, 〜すぎる works for most of the time. You can also use 「過度に」 for\n\"over-\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T05:38:49.953",
"id": "29179",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-12T05:38:49.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5212",
"parent_id": "29174",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 29174 | 29179 | 29179 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I believe the romaji is 'hageshi gemu' and I had checked the kanji on Google\nTranslate but it's not 100% trustworthy.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T23:23:28.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29175",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-08T12:44:11.850",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-08T12:44:11.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "11684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the kanji for 'intense game'?",
"view_count": 259
} | [
{
"body": "Hageshii Ge-mu is 激しいゲーム. You could also just say [激戦]{げき・せん} or [熱戦]{ねっ・せん}.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-11T23:30:43.570",
"id": "29176",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-11T23:30:43.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "29175",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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| 29175 | null | 29176 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29180",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When you have a phrase like,\n\n> 起きたばかりでまだなにも食べていない。\n\ndoes it feel more like\n\n\"I just woke up, so I haven't eaten anything yet\" ?\n\nor\n\n\"I just woke up, so I'm not eating anything yet\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T04:57:23.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29177",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-12T07:59:41.877",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-12T05:13:10.160",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"て-form",
"aspect"
],
"title": "「〜ている」Sentence Translation",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "The former. For the vast majority of verbs and situations I can think of, it\nis:\n\n> まだ [ te-form verb ] いない \n> _I haven't [ past participle ] yet_\n\n * まだ髪が乾いていない _My hair hasn't dried yet_\n * その本はまだ読んでいない _I haven't read that book yet_\n * まだ聴いていない曲 _A song I haven't heard yet_\n\n* * *\n\n_I'm not [ present participle ] yet_ can be expressed with something like:\n\n> まだ [ verb stem ] はじめていない\n\nSo for example, まだ何も食べはじめていない (literally _I haven't started eating yet_ ) is\ncloser to _I'm not eating anything yet_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T07:58:57.763",
"id": "29180",
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{
"body": "The first one is correct: \"I just woke up, so I haven't eaten anything yet\"\n\nFor \"I just woke up, so I'm not eating anything yet\", it should be\n起きたばかりなのでまだ食べない",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T07:59:41.877",
"id": "29181",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9861",
"parent_id": "29177",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29177 | 29180 | 29180 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29182",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have 3 sentences, each with relative clause as follows. By considering the\nEnglish translation, is my understanding correct?\n\n> **A** : 私が好きな女性はたばこを吸わない。\n>\n> **A'** : The woman who likes me does not smoke.\n>\n> **B** : 私は好きな女性がたばこを吸わない。\n>\n> **B'** : The woman I like does not smoke.\n>\n> **C** : 私はたばこを吸わない女性が好きだ。\n>\n> **C'** : I like women who don't smoke.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T05:23:11.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29178",
"last_activity_date": "2016-07-06T01:09:21.120",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-12T15:52:37.990",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Combinatorical relative clauses",
"view_count": 392
} | [
{
"body": "**A** can have two meanings. \nOne is the meaning of **A'** , the other is of **B'**. \nActually, I took **A** as the same meaning as **B'** when I read at first. \n \nWhen you say \"歌{うた}が好{す}きな彼{かれ}が...\", I understand that as \"he who likes\nsongs...\". However, if you say \"彼が好きな歌が...\" I take it as \"a song or songs he\nlikes...\"\n\nGenerally, \"Xが好きなY\" has different shades of meaning depending on the context. \nIn this case, you probably get the right meaning easily because a song cannot\nlike someone. \n\nHowever, using \"私が好きな女性\" would embarrass you because I may like a woman, and a\nwoman also may like me.\n\nTo avoid misunderstanding:\n\n> 1. To express \"a woman that likes me\", almost all Japanese use のこと: \n> \"私 **のこと** が好きな女性\"\n>\n> 2. To express \"a woman who I like\", some use の instead of が: \n> ''私 **の** 好きな女性''\n>\n>\n\nBy the way, sentence **B** is not natural. \"私が好きな女性は\" or \"私の好きな女性は\" is more\nnatural.\n\n* * *\n\nFurthermore, **C** also may have two meanings.\n\n> 1. I generally prefer women who don't smoke. (This is the interpretation\n> **C'** you gave, isn't this?)\n> 2. I like a woman who doesn't smoke (whose name is XXX. I.e. a particular\n> woman).\n>\n\nIf you'd like to disambiguate them, you can say ''たばこを吸わない女性 **のほう** が好きだ''\nfor situation 1 above, and ''たばこを吸わない女性 **のこと** が好きだ'' for situation 2.\n\n* * *\n\nSummary\n\n * Xが好きなY -> Y that X likes, or Y that likes X. \n * Xの好きなY -> Y that X likes. \n * Xのことが好きなY -> Y that likes X.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T08:32:01.220",
"id": "29182",
"last_activity_date": "2016-07-06T01:09:21.120",
"last_edit_date": "2016-07-06T01:09:21.120",
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{
"body": "I think it is best to think 好き in terms of \"being liked\".\n\n私が好きなものだ can be understood like \"The thing that is liked by me\" indeed nobody\nwould say that in English since there is the sorter and more natural \"The\nthing I like\".\n\nTherefore, 私がすきな女性 is \"the woman/women that is/are liked by me\" ( = \"the\nwoman/women I like\". By putting the theme particle は after 女性, you thematize\nyour sentence which means 私がすきな女性 becomes the core topic of your sentence.\n\n> 私が好きな女性は煙草｛たばこ｝を吸わない。 \n> As for the woman/women I like, they do not smoke.\n\nYou are expressing a characteristic of the woman/women you like.\n\nOn the other hand, if you choose to put は after 私, 私 becomes the core topic,\nthis time everything revolves around 私.\n\n> 私は好きな女性が煙草｛たばこ｝を吸わない。 \n> As for me, the woman/women I like do not smoke.\n\nYou are expressing a property of 私, here, clearly, 私 does not like\n\"woman/women who do(es) smoke\".\n\n* * *\n\nFor expressing \"the woman who loves me\" I think it will be difficult to\nexpress it unambiguously with 好き only. I think that you have to use the verb\n愛する which basically means \"to love\". \nDepending on the context, you may want to have the focus on you or on the\nwoman that loves you. This is done by play with active and passive voices.\n\n> 私を愛する女性は煙草｛たばこ｝を吸わない。 \n> The woman/women who love(s) me do(es) not smoke.\n\n\n\n> 私が愛される女性は煙草｛たばこ｝を吸わない。 \n> The woman/women by whom I am loved do not smoke.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T08:32:23.563",
"id": "29183",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 29178 | 29182 | 29182 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that the word\n[立つ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/137174/meaning/m0u/) has various meanings,\nbut basically can be used to describe a state (for inanimate and animate\nobjects) as well as a process (for animate objects). To describe a state for\ninanimate objects both: 立つ and 立っている seem to be accepted forms (ビルが立つ,\nビルが立っている).\n\nNow, an idiomatic expression\n[顔が立つ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/37556/meaning/m0u/) is undoubtedly used\nto describe a state of \"keeping one's face\".\n\n**The form 顔が立っている does not seem to be recognised. is my observation wrong?**\n\nWhat exactly does 立つ mean in this context and why the form 立っている is incorrect?\nIs it really a state, or could it be a response to some kind of a ...\"periodic\ntest\"? Like \"whenever I look at him, his response is 顔が立つ thus he is a man of\nhonour\"?\n\nIf the form 顔が立っている is incorrect, how does 立つ in 顔が立つ differ from 立つ in 腹が立つ,\nwhere 腹が立っている is also recognised and used form?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T10:50:36.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29184",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-13T10:20:23.547",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-13T01:51:53.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology",
"idioms",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Is 立つ in 顔が立つ is always imperfective? If so why?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "As user4092 suggests in the comments, I don't think 顔が立っている is particularly\nincorrect. It's just not frequently said. Some actual examples from the\ninternet:\n\n * 彼らの頑張りで、こちらの **顔が立っている** のだから。\n * 嫁が親戚付き合いを自然にこなしてくれるので、俺と俺の親の **顔が立っている** 。\n * その芸能事務所のマネージャーがただそのモデルなりタレントの子達にたいしては **顔が立っている** だけって事でしょう。\n\n* * *\n\n顔が立つ is perhaps more like an action rather than a state, similar to the\nEnglish _to save face_. Then it follows that you don't often say “my face is\n**being saved/kept** ”.\n\n * こうすれば部長の顔が立つ _This way we'll **save** the manager's face_\n * こうすると部長の顔が立たない _This will make the manager **lose** face_\n\nI can think of some other 〜が立つ idioms that are also less likely to be used in\n〜立っている form:\n\n * 歯が立たない _insurmountable_\n * 角が立つ _harsh_\n * 口が立つ _eloquent_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-13T10:20:23.547",
"id": "29211",
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]
| 29184 | null | 29211 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29187",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZspvO.png)\n\nWhere does the furigana split on the word 小路{こうじ}? Does the う belong to 小 or\ndoes it belong to 路? Or is the word considered to have a 熟字訓読み (i.e. no\nsplit)?\n\n小 has the reading こ\n\n路 has the reading じ\n\nWhere does the う fit in this?\n\n小路{こうじ}、小{こ}・路{うじ}、 or 小{こう}・路{じ}?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-12T15:03:57.530",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"readings",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Where does the furigana split on 小路?",
"view_count": 317
} | [
{
"body": "If I had to say, ''う'' fits 路. But almost all people don't care, I think, and\nneither do I. It's general to be written like [小路]{こうじ}. \nThe original form of こうじ was こみち（小さい[路]{みち}） in hundreds years ago. \nkomiti -> komdi -> -> -> kouji \n \nJapanese language has varied throughout history. \nVowel reduction and change from ''m'' to ''u'' brought out ''こうじ''. \nAs an example similar, [日向]{ひゅうが}, which is the old name of Miyazaki\nprefecture, was [日]{ひ}[向]{むか}. \nIt has changed like himuka -> himga -> hiuga(=hyuuga) \n\nMeanwhile, 600-700 years ago, たちつてと used to be pronounced as _ta, **ti, tu** ,\nte, to_, so the process of change I gave above doesn't include spelling\nmistakes.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-12T15:55:47.313",
"id": "29187",
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},
{
"body": "小路 should most likely be split as 小 (こう) 路(じ). The vowel lengthing is probably\nemphatic and used to distinguish it from other homophones. Also to mention my\nIME puts 小路 at the bottom of the list for こうじ so I think it is not a common\nreading.\n\nGoo 辞典 says it is a sound change from こみち, and it also links to 大路 (おおじ).\nWhile it makes no mention of the etymology, just how the sounds ぢ -> じ merged,\nI would say 小路 (こみち -> こうじ) changed to contrast with 大路 (おおじ), which has a\nlong vowel from 大.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-12T18:51:37.543",
"id": "29190",
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]
| 29186 | 29187 | 29187 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29208",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard it in a song called 「さよならはエモーション」 by サカナクション.\n\nThe last refrain in the [lyrics](http://www.kasi-time.com/item-73836.html)\nstarts like this:\n\n> さよなら\n>\n> **僕は夜を乗りこなす**\n>\n> ずっと涙こらえ\n>\n> 忘れてたこと\n>\n> いつか見つけ出す\n>\n> ずっと深い霧を抜け\n\nAs to the meaning of 乗りこなす:\n\nFrom excite.co.jp\n\n> のりこなす［乗り熟す］\n>\n> （ 動サ五［四］ ） 思うままに操れる。巧みに乗る。 「駻馬（かんば）を－・す」\n\nNow, I can't see the meaning behind 夜を乗りこなす even with looking up the meaning\nof 乗りこなす. Is it maybe just an artistic expression of the songwriter so the\nmeaning has to be interpreted?\n\nAlso, the translation of 乗りこなす on jisho.org is:\n\n> to manage (a horse)\n\nSo the translation of the lyrics would be \"I manage the night\", but then it\ndoesn't make sense in the whole context of the lyrics to me.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-12T17:59:08.040",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「乗りこなす」 in this songtext",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "This is one of those instances were the literal translation from the word on\njapanese to english may conflict with the overall meaning depending on the\ncontext.\n\nAs you pointed out the japanese dictionary definition of 乗りこなす is:\n\n> 思うままに操れる\n>\n> \"To control as you wish\"\n\nSo in english it will be something like\n\n> I will be the master of the night",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T06:04:02.230",
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| 29188 | 29208 | 29208 |
{
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"body": "I've started listening to Japanese podcasts more frequently to cultivate my\naudio comprehension, and I've encountered an expression I am not confident\nthat I understand.\n\nThe female broadcaster jokingly asks the male broadcaster what year in the\nHeisei era they're in...\n\n> F: さって、平成何年でしょうか。 \n> M: 「平成何年でしょうか」？そんな風に止めてくださいよ！ \n> F: はい。私も、今、そこで調べ **ようと思ったら** ですね？\n\nI know that the basic meaning of the ようと思う construct is \"(I) think (I) will X\"\nwhere \"X\" is the verb ending in the volitional よう, and my guess would be\nようと思ったら means something like \"If (I) think (I) will X\" or \"If (I'm) going to\nX,\" so I'm taking this sentence to mean something like \"I (should) look into\nit now if I'm going to, right?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T00:22:45.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29192",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-13T01:14:48.590",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"volitional-form",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Conditional inclination with ようと思ったら",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "It means \"I had intended to check it\". She's saying \"I agree. You know, just\nnow, I had intended to check it.\"\n\nShe said 思ったら because the guy stopped her before she managed to check it. If\nshe used 〜と思ったけどね it'd mean the same thing, without the 'being stopped by you'\nimplied.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T03:40:08.373",
"id": "29205",
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| 29192 | null | 29205 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29195",
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"body": "[This\npage](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/1281/meaning/m0u/%E6%8B%85%E3%81%86/)\nis supposed to disambiguate the two words but I am at loss to perceive the\ndifference:\n\n> 1.「担ぐ」は、物を肩にのせる意。\n>\n> 2.「担う」は、物を肩にかけて運ぶ意。\n\nIn particular, I don't really know how to understand properly the difference\nbetween 肩に載せる and 肩にかける. Up to my understanding, the former would have the\nsense of \"to put on one's shoulder and the thing that is shouldered is in\nmajor part above the shoulder\" like in 神輿｛みこし｝を担ぐ, the later would have the\nmeaning of \"to put on one's shoulder and the thing that is shouldered is in\nmajor part below the shoulder\". In this sense I have the feeling that かける\ncould be cognate with ぶらさげる.\n\nIs this correct or are there other nuances that I did not catch?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T01:13:59.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29194",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between [担]{にな}う and [担]{かつ}ぐ?",
"view_count": 819
} | [
{
"body": "I think the difference between 肩に乗せる and 肩にかける is trivial, and does not help\nunderstand the difference between 担ぐ and 担う.\n\nWhat's more important is the following sentence:\n\n> （「担う」は）下から **支える** 意味合いが強く、通常は「次代をになう」「責任をになう」のように、\n> **物事を支えるという抽象的な意味で用いられる** ことが多い。\n\n担【かつ】ぐ and 担【にな】う both means _to carry_ , but the latter is almost always used\nmetaphorically today (役割を担う, ～の機能を担う, ～という意味を担う, etc). I checked the first 200\nhits of 担う in BCCWJ, and none of them meant to physically carry something on\none's shoulder or back. goo辞書 seems to have [some\nexamples](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/167677/example/m0u/) of 担う used in\nthe physical sense, but they are from old novels.\n\nOn the other hand, 担ぐ is used both physically and metaphorically today. The\nmost important metaphorical usage of 担ぐ is _to flatter_ someone.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T01:30:34.840",
"id": "29195",
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},
{
"body": "In addition to naruto's answer, I think there's an element of aspect: if I\nunderstand the terms correctly, _katsugu_ is telic or momentary, describing\nthe action of actually **putting** something on one's shoulders, whereas\n_ninau_ has more atelic or ongoing connotations of something **being on**\none's shoulders. This may be part of why the usage diverged over time.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T02:50:52.230",
"id": "29203",
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| 29194 | 29195 | 29195 |
{
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"body": "I have a class project and I have to write a recipe. On it I'm trying to write\nsomething along the lines of \"Serving for x people\".\n\nWhat would be a good way to say that phrase?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-13T01:40:48.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29196",
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"owner_user_id": "11696",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "How to say \"Serving for # people\"?",
"view_count": 1188
} | [
{
"body": "I think that 〜人分 works to mean \"serves X people\", e.g. ３人分 means \"serves three\npeople\".\n\nSource: <http://cookpad.com/recipe/2524181>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-13T02:09:35.213",
"id": "29200",
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{
"body": "One possible phrase to use when ordering a serving is 人前{にんまえ}, like\n一人前{いちにんまえ}, 二人前{ににんまえ}, 三人前{さんにんまえ}...\n\nA proper suffix used for counting servings, but generally used only by waiters\nand cooks is 丁{ちょう}, like ラーメン１丁{いっちょう}頂きました (when waiter \"passes\" the order\nto the kitchen).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T02:19:30.780",
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| 29196 | null | 29200 |
{
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"body": "I know that there are several types of counters of spoons/cups.\n\nFor example, a counter for cup is はい while another counter is カップ。\n\nAlso さじ and はい are also counters for spoons. What exactly are the differences\nbetween these counters?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T01:47:24.327",
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"id": "29197",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"counters"
],
"title": "Difference in counters for spoons",
"view_count": 1739
} | [
{
"body": "杯{はい} is not really a counter for vessels or containers like a cup or a spoon,\nbut for their contents, ie. cupfuls or spoonfuls.\n\nSo if you were ordering two cups of coffee, you would use 2杯, if you wanted an\nempty cup to pour yourself coffee from the pot, you would use カップ.\n\nThe character/word 杯 itself might also be used more figuratively in reference\nto the \"fullness\" as explained\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5872/11104).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T02:03:22.840",
"id": "29199",
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{
"body": "To count the number of spoons themselves in everyday life, **本【ほん】** is almost\nalways used (eg 5本のスプーン). さじ is rarely used for this purpose today, but\noccasionally we see \"ひとさじのスプーン\" used as a bit poetic or literary expression.\n\nTo measure the amount of liquid/sugar/etc using a spoon, 杯【はい】 is mainly used\n(eg スプーン3杯分の砂糖), and さじ is sometimes used alternatively (eg 砂糖3さじ).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T02:58:31.373",
"id": "29204",
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| 29197 | null | 29204 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29209",
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"body": "I was wondering if there is a simple way to say that \"I learned a lot\" by\ndoing something, e.g. \"I learned a lot about how to work well on a team in my\nfirst job\". I know that there are the words 習う and 学ぶ, but I thought that both\nof these related to more formal, classroom style learning as opposed to\nsomething more informal and life-skills-like.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T02:32:52.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29202",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say that you \"learned a lot\" by doing something",
"view_count": 6735
} | [
{
"body": "学ぶ is the most common word you learn by something. 学ぶ can be used any activity\nyou learn by, not only classroom style learning. You can use it even playing.\n\n> 子供は友達と遊ぶことで多くのことを学びます。 \n> Children learn a lot by playing their friends.\n\n\"I learned a lot by doing something\" can be translated like 「私は 〜\nで多くのことを学びました。」 You can substitute any noun into 〜 to make any sentence you\nlike.\n\nExample:\n\n> I learned a lot about how to work well on a team in my first job. \n> 私は、初めての仕事でチームで仕事をうまく進めることを学びました。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-13T04:31:26.840",
"id": "29207",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "勉強になりました。 is used quite often to say that something you took part in brought\nyou some knowledge.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T08:22:59.067",
"id": "29209",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-13T08:22:59.067",
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},
{
"body": "Takashi already said it but 学ぶ is not always related to school or to formal\nthings, in fact you can use it for pretty much all the things you learn no\nmatter where and how.\n\nNevertheless, there is other options, one of them is 身につける. Literally, 身につける\nmeans \"to put on oneself\" and is often seen when talking about clothes, but in\naddition to this meaning, it can mean \"to acquire knowledge\".\n\nAn attempt at translating your sentence may be:\n\n> 初めての仕事を通して、チームの中で他のメンバーと一緒に仕事を円滑に進めていく上での 多くの・様々な ことを 学びました・身につけました。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T08:48:03.230",
"id": "29210",
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}
]
| 29202 | 29209 | 29209 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I looked up 大丈夫{だいじょうぶ} in a Japanese dictionary and the first entry reads:\n\n> 危険{きけん}や心配{しんぱい}のないさま。間違い{まちがい}がないさま。\n\nWhy is it that, in the first definition, the subject (危険や心配) seems to be\nmarked by の, while the subject in the second definition (間違い) is marked by が?\nAlthough I seem to encounter this usage in real Japanese quite a bit, I can't\nfind anything explicitly saying that の can be used as a subject marker.\n\nAt first, I assumed that の is used to mark the subject of an attributive verb\nclause, and が is used to mark the subject of a predicative clause. Reading\nthis dictionary entry debunked that, however, because the verb clause in the\nsecond definition is also attributive (i.e. it's modifying the noun さま),\nalthough it's marked by が.\n\nAre there rules to follow in order to choose correctly between の and が? Is it\nmerely a matter of preference, or would it actually be grammatically incorrect\nto say 「危険や心配がないさま」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-13T03:45:30.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29206",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11116",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-の",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "の as subject marking particle?",
"view_count": 63
} | []
| 29206 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29213",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How are the [five\nelements](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/76561/meaning/m1u/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C/)\n木・火・土・金・水 pronounced in Japanese (when referring specifically to 五行, not just\ngenerally any water, fire etc.)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-13T10:28:30.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29212",
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"owner_user_id": "11053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings"
],
"title": "How are the traditional 5 elements in the Chinese doctrine of Five Agents pronounced in Japanese?",
"view_count": 376
} | [
{
"body": "I get\n\n>\n> [[木]{もく}、[火]{か}、[土]{ど}、[金]{ごん}、[水]{すい}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3)\n\nby googling that phrase and \"発音\"",
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"id": "29213",
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{
"body": "> 木{もく}、火{か}、土{ど}、金{ごん}、水{すい}\n\nis correct, as in @virmaior's answer. The reason why these readings are used\nrather than standard kan'on readings is historical -- the readings used here\nare actually all go'on (呉音) with the sole exception of 土 which now uses\nkanyō'on, customary readings from Japan. Below is a bit of history on why\ngo'on are used, but not directly relevant to answering the ambiguity around 金\ndiscussed in the comments.\n\n* * *\n\nGo'on are based on the readings of Chinese characters from Jiankang, then the\ncapital of the Eastern Wu state, now Nanjing. Actually, go'on readings are\nolder than kan'on readings in terms of when they were loaned to Japan, and\nthey came to Japan as some of the first readings of Chinese characters through\nspiritual works via Buddhist and Confucianists who travelled to Japan.\n\nGo'on have a historical relationship with Japanese of being used in religious\nand spiritual works, due to the majority of these ideologies coming from Wu\n(呉), and because of that are used in these religious texts, including in\nbuddhist terms and the wuxing (五行{ごぎょう}, the 5 chinese elements).\n\n* * *\n\nMore specifically though, on its own as an element of the wuxing, we use 金{ごん}\n(as supported by\n[this](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3),\n[this](http://www.geocities.jp/mishimagoyomi/inyo5gyo/inyo5gyo.htm),\n[weblio](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9C%A8%E3%83%BB%E7%81%AB%E3%83%BB%E5%9C%9F%E3%83%BB%E9%87%91%E3%83%BB%E6%B0%B4),\n[goo](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/59135/meaning/m0u/%E9%87%91%E5%89%8B%E6%9C%A8/),\n[yahoo](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%87%91%E5%89%8B%E6%9C%A8-481119#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89),\nand more). But, in virtually all other contexts it's used as 金{きん}, notably\nwhen describing 相剋 and 相生, which is why the wikipedia picture in\n[五行思想](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3)\nlabels it as 金{きん}, because this is what it is referred to when saying, for\ninstance, 金剋木{きんこくもく} (source\n[one](http://kanji.quus.net/jyukugo3325/idiom25076.htm)\n[two](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%87%91%E5%89%8B%E6%9C%A8)\n[three](http://www.kosyokan.com/aisyou2.htm)).\n\nBut there isn't total agreement on that. My IME (google) accepts 金{ごん} and\n金{きん} for all xiangxing (相性{あいしょう}) relationships, and\n[this](http://homepage1.nifty.com/haruakira/onmyoudou/f_03.html) website gives\n金剋木{ごんこくもく} rather than 金{きん}. But it seems this is a minority, and an\nincorrect minority according to all the dictionaries cited above.\n\nAlone, 金 is definitely 金{ごん} in the wuxing. This is a result of the go'on\nreadings that are used for the wuxing elements when they're in isolation and\nin the 5 character compound 木火土金水{もくかどごんすい} (though ど is used rather than つ\nfor 土 as a result of switching to kanyō'on for this character all the time\nwhen discussing it as an element). There seems to be confusion about which\nreadings to use when amongst native Japanese, but overall the prevailing usage\nis:\n\n * 金{ごン} alone\n * 金{きん} when used in xiangxing (相性) (such as 金剋木)\n\nNone of the other elements have this problem, and all stay as they are listed\nat the top.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-29T00:09:01.260",
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| 29212 | 29213 | 29528 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29233",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> メインビジュアルを公開！パッケージにも使用予定のイラストです！発売まであと3カ月を切った本作をどうぞよろしくお願いします！\n\nDiscolsure of the main visual! The illustration that is planned to be used on\nthe package! Thank you in advance for this work which will release in less\nthan 3 months.\n\nWhat does\n\n> をどうぞよろしくお願いします\n\nMean here?\n\nThat was my translation.\n\n2 other questions.\n\nis\n\n> 発売まであと3カ月を切った本作\n\nThe work that in less than 3 months will be released?\n\nI think that timeを切る means something like: In less than 本作=It can be used for\ngames too I guess.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-13T15:30:44.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "どうぞよろしくお願いします meaning",
"view_count": 4590
} | [
{
"body": "> をどうぞよろしくお願いします\n\nWell, firstly phrases like よろしくお願いします and お疲れ様 don't have a definite English\ntranslation. どうぞよろしくお願いします is just a more polite way to say よろしくお願いします, which\nin this case means either 'thank you for your support' or 'thank you for\nconsidering this work', as artists / writers are known to say some forms of\nthis phrase.\n\nBy the way, 'in advance' is not expressed at all, and if you want to express\nthat or 'ongoing support', you can append '今後も～'\n\n> あと３ヶ月を切った\n\nYou're right, this means under 3 months. The full translation would be \"It'll\ngo on sale in less than 3 months from now!\"\n\n> 本作\n\nis basically 'this piece of work', so it can be practically anything from\nfilms to books to games.",
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| 29214 | 29233 | 29233 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29217",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw a tweet that said\n\n```\n\n 要は日本酒が呑みたい\n \n```\n\nAnd my dictionary translated [呑む](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%91%91%E3%82%80)\nas 'to drink', with 飲む as the default spelling and 呑む as an alternate form.\n\nWhat is the difference between 飲む and 呑む?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T00:48:01.740",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"homophonic-kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 飲む and 呑む?",
"view_count": 1933
} | [
{
"body": "Maybe you know that to say \"to take a pill\" in Japanese you would say 丸薬をのむ.\n(I did not put the kanji of のむ intentionally).\n\n飲む is used to say _to drink_. I mean, to absorb a liquid through your mouth\nlike \"to drink water, syrup, beer, ...\"\n\nOn the other side 呑む is used more to mean _to swallow_. It can be figurative\nor not. 涙｛なみだ｝を呑｛の｝む (to refrain one's anger), 固唾｛かたず｝を呑む(to hold one's breath\nbecause of anxiety/fear), 息を呑む (to gasp). 町は闇に呑まれた (the village was in the\ndark).\n\nThus, the \"right\" spelling of 丸薬をのむ is with 呑む but today everyone uses 飲む\n(because 呑 is not part of the 常用漢字).",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T01:16:57.280",
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| 29215 | 29217 | 29217 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29218",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Newcomer in the Japanese stackexchange. :) My knowledge in the language is\nfairly limited and I need your help.\n\nI'd like to know how is \" ** _My little sister can't run this fast_** \" in\nJapanese? Different online translations give different variations. I don't\nknow how correct or \"stiff\" they are.\n\nAnd if you're wondering, there's an anime \" _My little sister can't be this\ncute\"(Ore no imouto ga konnani kawaii wake ga nai)_ [俺の妹がこんなに可愛いわけがない]. All\nthe episodes are titled \"my little sister can't ...\". So I'd like the\n**closest** translation to the anime title.\n\nHere's what I know:\n\nOre no - my\n\nimouto - little sister\n\nga - is (when new info is introduced)\n\nkonnani - in this way\n\nkawaii - cute\n\nwake - being\n\nga - is (when new info is introduced) but why twice?\n\nnai - negative particle\n\nAnd I expect it to be something like this: _Ore no imouto ga konnani hayaku ga\nhashiranai_\n\nP.S. Also, could you provide the correct sentence in Japanese hieroglyphs, as\nwell? Onegai.\n\n**_EDIT:_**\n\nThank you both for the thorough explanations. :)\n\nAnd I didn't know that Japanese symbols are not called \"hieroglyphs\" at all.\nEnglish is not my native language. Maybe the term is most suitable for ancient\nwriting systems.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T01:09:24.407",
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"id": "29216",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-16T04:23:36.937",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Help with \"My little sister can't run this fast\" in the style of ～こんなに～わけがない",
"view_count": 445
} | [
{
"body": "The most literal translation of this title would be:\n\n> There is no way my little sister is this cute.\n\nThe _is_ in the above sentence is not really grammatical and should be\nunderstood as _can be_.\n\nJust mimicking the title of the anime you get:\n\n(hashiru : run ; hayaku : fast)\n\n>\n> おれ{ore}の{no}い{i}も{mo}う{u}と{to}が{ga}こ{ko}ん{n}な{na}に{ni}は{ha}や{ya}く{ku}は{ha}し{shi}る{ru}わ{wa}け{ke}が{ga}な{na}い{i}。 \n> 俺の妹がこんなに速く走るわけがない。 \n> My little sister can't run this fast\n\n* * *\n\nFirst が{ga} is not _is_ but が tells you that what is just before が is the\nsubject of the sentence. Here there are two が because two sentences are\nintertwined.\n\n> 1: 俺の妹がこんなに可愛い \n> 1: My little is this cute.\n>\n> 2: ～わけがない \n> 2: No way ～ is true.\n\nCombining the two: No way (the fact that) _my little sister is this cute_ is\ntrue which translates more properly to _My little sister can't be this cute_",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T01:50:34.523",
"id": "29218",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"body": "Your own translation is pretty close. Here it is, tweaked a bit:\n\n俺【おれ】の妹【いもうと】がこんなに速【はや】くは走【はし】れない \n_Ore no imōto ga konna ni hayaku wa hashirenai_\n\nBreaking this down word for word:\n\n_I_ (very informal, masculine) + [possessive] + _younger sister_ + [subject] +\n_this degree_ + [adverb marker] + _quickly_ + [contrastive topic] + _can't\nrun_\n\nThe main differences from your try: 1) _ga_ can't be used that way after an\nadverb, while _wa_ can be, and _wa_ is often used in negative statements like\nthis one; and 2) _hashir **a** nai_ just means \"doesn't run\", while the\npotential form for \"can't run\" would be _hashir **e** nai_.\n\nAs an aside, Japanese characters are called _kana_ for the simpler phonetic\ncharacters (either the rounder\n_[hiragana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana)_ for native words, or the\nangular _[katakana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana)_ for borrowed\nwords, sound effects, and the like -- click through to the Wikipedia pages),\nor _[kanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji)_ for the more complicated\nideographic / logographic characters, most of which were originally imported\nfrom written Chinese.",
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| 29216 | 29218 | 29218 |
{
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"body": "It seems I can remove it and keep the same meaning...\n\n暗黒物質は自然界の新しい種類の力を介して相互作用する雑多な粒子の集まりからなり，それ自体が私たちの宇宙にひっそりと絡み合う1 つの宇宙 **なの**\nかもしれない。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-14T06:18:06.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29220",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-14T06:50:29.220",
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"owner_user_id": "11010",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-の",
"no-da"
],
"title": "what is the meaning of なの here",
"view_count": 1084
} | [
{
"body": "There is a slight difference between 〜かもしれない and 〜なのかもしれない that is really hard\nto explain, but is nonetheless good to know because in a lot of cases one will\nbe much more natural than the other.\n\nOne way to look at it might be:\n\n * X は Y かもしれない → _X could be Y_\n * X は Y **なの** かもしれない → _It could be that X is Y_\n\nFor example, if you heard someone coming down the chimney on Christmas Eve,\nyou would say:\n\n> あの音はサンタさん **かもしれない** ！ \n> _That sound could be Santa!_\n\nBut if you didn't hear anyone coming down the chimney all night, you would\nsay:\n\n> サンタさんはお父さん **なのかもしれない** ！ \n> _It could be that Santa is Dad!_\n\nOr if you offended your friend last week and are afraid of seeing her again,\nyou might say 「まだ怒ってる **かもしれない** から会いたくない ( _I don't want to see her because\nshe could still be angry_ )」. But if she seems to be ignoring your calls since\nyou've offended her, you might say to yourself 「まだ怒ってる **のかもしれない** ( _It could\nbe that she is still angry_ )」.\n\n* * *\n\nSo in your specific example, another way to translate the difference in nuance\nis:\n\n * それ自体が宇宙かもしれない _It might be a universe in itself_\n * それ自体が宇宙 **なの** かもしれない _One might say that it is a universe in itself_",
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"id": "29222",
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| 29220 | null | 29222 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29228",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 管理に適切な分家筋を選んでほしい。\n\nI understand the meaning, but not the particle used.\n\n> 貴方に英語を教えて欲しい\n\nに is used to show the one who does the action you want him to. \nを is used to show what you want to have done.\n\nWhy is this sentence like this?\n\nEdit. Posted the whole context\n\n> 補足。 七夜の血筋は、ある種殺人鬼を輩出する一族である。 もしあの養子が生き残ってしまった場合、命を共有して繋がっているシキに悪影響を及ぼすだろう。\n> せっかく理性を取り戻したシキが、七夜の養子に引きずられて『殺人鬼』になってしまう可能性も否定できない。\n>\n> そのような事態が起きないよう、養子は目の届く範囲で飼わなければならない。 だが遠野の屋敷に近づける事も許されない。 管理に適切な分家筋を選んでほしい。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T14:05:32.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29223",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-14T14:47:47.250",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "てほしい particle usage",
"view_count": 725
} | [
{
"body": "> 管理{かんり}に適切{てきせつ}な分家筋{ぶんけすじ}を選{えら}んでほしい。\n\nThis sentence will be translated as ''I want you to select a ''分家筋{ぶんけすじ}''\nthat is appropriate to manage it.\n\nOnly glancing at the sentence, you cannot find out the real meaning. It's\nnecessary to guess it from the context or from every meaning of the words. \n\nI will give an example as follows. \n\n> 彼{かれ}に英語{えいご}を教{おし}えてほしい。\n\nThis sentence can be translated as two ways. \n\n> **A**. I want him to teach someone English.\n>\n> **A'**\n> （彼女{かのじょ}が私{わたし}に英語{えいご}を教{おし}えてくれると言{い}っているけれど、私{わたし}は）彼{かれ}に英語{えいご}を教{おし}えてほしい。\n>\n> **B**. I want you to teach him English.\n>\n> **B'**. （あなたは英語{えいご}を教{おし}えるのがうまいから、あなたが）彼{かれ}に英語{えいご}を教{おし}えてほしい。",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 29223 | 29228 | 29228 |
{
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"body": "A while ago as part of [another\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29068/help-\nunderstanding-this-sentence-please) I asked about the bold part of this\nsentence:\n\n> 山田みたいに、ぜんぜん勉強しなくて **いいやって** 、...\n>\n> Like 山田 I don't study at all and ???...\n\nI was told that \"いいや can be divided into いい and や. いい has a meaning of I don't\nmind, and や is just an auxiliary verb\", and that って was the quote marker. So\nthe sentence meant \"(I don't mind if I do not study at all (like 山田)\"\n\nWhilst the translation seems to make sense I still don't understand the\ngrammar and how to use it in other sentences. Can someone please provide\nfurther clarification?\n\n 1. Surely や isn't a verb on its own it has to be やる doesn't it?\n 2. ..which means that って is just the te-form rather than the quote marker?\n 3. If って is the quote marker then what is the ellipted verb?\n 4. Is いい 'good' or the stem form of 言う or something else. I'm assuming 'good' makes most sense, but I've never seen an adjective modify a verb before.?\n\nBasically I haven't got a clue how to make sense of this grammar. Please help.",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of しなくていいやって",
"view_count": 343
} | [
{
"body": "How about parsing it this way:\n\n> [（山田みたいに、「ぜんぜん勉強しなくていいや。」って、わりきれる）わけじゃない]わりには・・・\n\nLiterally: Although it's not that I can convince myself (thinking) \"I don't\nhave to study at all!\" like Yamada, ...\n\n 1. The や is a 終助詞(sentence-ending particle). \n\n 2. The って is quotative (≒ と). You can rephrase this part as:\n\n> 「ぜんぜん勉強しなくていいや。」と、わりきれる\n\n 3. ～～と割り切る (≒ ～～と言って/思って 割り切る) \"convince oneself / be satisfied, thinking / saying ~~\"\n\n 4. The いい (良い) means _okay_ or _doesn't matter_. しなくていい means \"don't have to~~\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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}
]
| 29224 | 29229 | 29229 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29231",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say,\n\n> I bought this book for 1200 yen.\n\nMy attempt is as follows but I am not sure whether it is correct or not.\n\n * 私はこの本を１２００円買いました。\n\n * 私はこの本を１２００円で買いました。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T15:52:37.873",
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"id": "29227",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"I bought this book for 1200 yen.\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 2177
} | [
{
"body": "The latter is correct. The former is grammatically wrong as it roughly\ntranslates to \"I bought this book 1200 yen\" (lacking 'for', as denoted by で).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-14T17:44:39.527",
"id": "29231",
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| 29227 | 29231 | 29231 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that えらい is an adjective which means distinguished/famous etc.\nThen I came across this conversation\n\n> 「おいらよりマシかぁ、なぁんだ、じゃあえらいなぁ。」\n>\n> 「別にえらかァないよ...」\n>\n> \"Preferable to me!? What! Well, I'm distinguished.\"\n>\n> \"You're not particularly distinguished.\"\n\n(all the extra あ and ア are supposed to be in small font. Any one know how to\ndo that?)\n\nThe second sentence led me to think that there must also be a verb えらく ->\nえらかない. But I can't find it in any dictionary. What's going on in the second\nsentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T17:05:16.233",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"particle-は",
"contractions",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "えらかない - strange conjugation of えらい",
"view_count": 280
} | [
{
"body": "えらかァない is a colloquial, collapsed way of saying えらくはない. \nえらく(連用形/continuative form of えらい) + は(係助詞/binding particle) + negative ない\n\n> 「おいらよりマシかぁ、なぁんだ、じゃあえらいなぁ。」 \n> 「別にえらかァないよ...」\n\n\"Better than me? Well, **you're** distinguished/great, then.\" \n\" **I'm** not particularly distinguished/great...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T17:46:32.713",
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| 29230 | 29232 | 29232 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29235",
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"body": "What does the \"marker\" (?) **やや書** used in Japanese-English dictionaries\nindicate?\n\nIn addition how would you pronounce the phrase when citing someone a\ndefinition from a dictionary? やや書{しょ}? やや書{かき}?\n\nI cannot pinpoint any pattern in below examples and I can't find a definition\nof the phrase itself. Trying to devise its literal meaning \"usually in\nwriting\" (?) does not really match the examples (why \"insecure\" would be\nmarked as a written form?)\n\n> ときの声を上げる \n> : shout [ **｟やや書｠** raise] a war cry.\n>\n> [2] 疑わしい doubtful \n> : （不確実な） uncertain; （不安定な） unsteady, **｟やや書｠** insecure; （信用できない）\n> unreliable.\n>\n> やや \n> : 〖少し〗a little, ｟話｠ a (little) bit; 【少しばかり】slightly; 【いくぶん】rather\n> (!控えめにいってかえって意味を強める) , **｟やや書｠** somewhat (!rather より客観的な語) ; 【ある程度まで】to\n> some extent.\n>\n> さしおく 差し置く \n> : (意図的に無視する) ignore, **(やや書)** disregard; (そのままにしておく) leave.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-14T23:38:23.267",
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"id": "29234",
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"dictionary"
],
"title": "What does やや書 indicate?",
"view_count": 555
} | [
{
"body": "For this sort of question, you should check the 凡例 of the dictionary.\n\nThe [Wisdom E-J](http://www.sanseido.net/main/dictionary/hanrei/wisdomEJ.aspx)\ndefines 話 and 書 like this:\n\n```\n\n 〔話〕 (話し言葉(spoken))\n 〔書〕 (書き言葉(written))\n \n```\n\nThe [Wisdom J-E](http://www.sanseido.net/main/dictionary/hanrei/wisdomJE.aspx)\ndefines them like this:\n\n```\n\n 〔話〕 口語\n 〔書〕 改まった語，文語\n \n```\n\nBut I think the abbreviations must still come from 話し言葉 and 書き言葉, in any case.\n\nSo in this case, I think `書` is a dictionary-specific abbreviation indicating\n`書き言葉` 'written language'. They're suggesting that the English translation\nmarked with `やや書` is a bit more characteristic of written language than\nspoken.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-15T00:01:14.837",
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| 29234 | 29235 | 29235 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 何かいいことがあったか？\n>\n> 何か一言を言ってください\n\nIn sentences like these, is 何か an adverb? I have read that [counters such as\n一つ are adverbs](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Japanese/Grammar/Counters) when\nused in sentences like りんごを一つ食べた. Is it possible that 何か is functioning like\nan adverb similar to how 一つ is functioning like an adverb in that sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T10:21:49.973",
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"owner_user_id": "7712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parts-of-speech"
],
"title": "Is 何か an adverb?",
"view_count": 446
} | [
{
"body": "何か can be used to mean 'something', which can also be an adverb; or\n'anything', which can be used to describe the extent/magnitude, and is an\nadverb in that case.\n\n> 何かいいことがあったか？ - What's the good news? / Did something good happen?\n>\n> 何か一言を言ってください - Please say a few words.\n\nHow about\n\n> りんごを一つ食べた, as opposed to 一つのりんごを食べた?\n\nThe former's 一つ functions as an adverb while the latter is just a noun.\n\nSo to answer your question: Yes, it is an adverb in those sentences.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T16:47:55.170",
"id": "29245",
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"body": "In the sentences 何かいいことがあったか？ and 何か一言言ってください, which can be translated\nrespectively:\n\n> Was there something good (good news) for you? - Here ‘something’ is used as\n> a subject.\n>\n> Would you please say something (a few words?) – Here ‘something’ is used as\n> an object.\n\nI think '何か' functions as a pronoun rather than an adverb.\n\nThe usage of '何か' here is different from '一つ' in 'りんごを一つ食べた,' where '一つ'\ncorresponds to 'an' or 'one' of 'an (one) apple.'",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-15T01:13:21.807",
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| 29238 | null | 29245 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Person 1「ふむ……魅力的な提案だが、今はよしておこう。こちらも色々と仕事があるのでね」\n\nPerson 2「今は……ね。ああ、でも貴方に手を付けちゃうとガーネットに怒られそう。姫様にも色々言われそうだわ。 私よりもよっぽど面倒そうじゃない」\n\nPerson 1「 **本人には自覚は全くないんだがな** ―― まあ、その様子なら大丈夫だとは思うが、面倒事が起こる前に用事を済ませて帰れよ？」\n\nI was under the impression that 本人 is third person, and if he was referring to\nガーネット or 姫様 then he would have used 本人たち instead. In this case then I think it\nwould refer to the person he is talking to, but I don't quite understand. Does\nanyone care to clarify who he is referring to?\n\nEdit: Context:\n\nPerson 2 jokingly \"invited\" Person 1 to sleep with them.\n\n1) Why would ガーネット get angry if Person 2 slept with Person 1?\n\nPerson 1 is an Incubus who in the past has deceived ガーネット and slept with her,\nshe would naturally get angry if her friend sleeps with the same man she\ndetests.\n\n1) Why would 姫様 get angry if Person 2 slept with Person 1?\n\nPerson 1 is also technically her future husband.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T10:26:32.557",
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"id": "29239",
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"owner_user_id": "9219",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Who is 本人 referring to in 本人には自覚は全くないんだがな",
"view_count": 324
} | [
{
"body": "I think, 本人 refers to the person he is speaking to, since he said\n「...私よりもよっぽど面倒そうじゃない」 Then, indicated by 「... **その** 様子なら大丈夫だとは思うが...」 and\nimperatively asking him to clear things up and go home.「... 面倒事が起こる前に用事を済ませて\n**帰れ** よ？」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T10:48:15.193",
"id": "29240",
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{
"body": "Most of the time, 本人 refers to a third person. But there are some cases where\nit refers to the speaker himself/herself in a third-person way.\n\n * 「俺はよく面倒そうなやつだと言われるんだ。 **本人** には自覚が全くないんだけどね」 \n_People often call me a troublesome guy. But the person himself (= me) doesn't\nsee himself that way at all._\n\n * 「 **本人** は気にしてませんので、そんなに謝っていただかなくても結構です」 \n_The person herself (= me) wasn't offended, so you don't have to apologize so\nprofusely._\n\n * 「医者には自宅で休むようにと言われましたが、 **本人** はいたって元気です」 \n_The doctor told me to rest at home, but the person herself (= me) is feeling\nquite fine._\n\nI have no idea what your conversation is about, but you should consider the\npossibility that 本人 refers to Person 1 himself.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T12:03:14.477",
"id": "29242",
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"body": "Based on the additional context provided I believe that 本人 refers to 姫様.\n\nThe statement 私よりもよっぽど面倒そうじゃない to me says that rather than \"Person 1\" or\n\"Person 2\" being more or less of a bother, it's referring to what they will\nhave to face as a consequence if they sleep together(Person 2 would likely get\nan earful from ガーネット and Person 1 an earful from 姫様, and Person 2 thinks that\ndealing with 姫様 is going to be more troublesome than ガーネット)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T14:22:40.713",
"id": "29244",
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"score": 2
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| 29239 | null | 29244 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29841",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've checked [this\nlink](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25022/using-\nboth-%E3%81%A8-and-%E3%82%92-with-the-verb-%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86) but i'm afraid\nit didn't help my understanding in this example:\n\n> とし子ちゃんにきくと、やっぱり自分のこと **を** ふつうだと言った。\n>\n> When she asked とし子, とし子 also said that her own affairs were ordinary (my,\n> probably wrong, translation).\n\nI don't understand the use of を in this sentence. There is no verb in the\nquoted sentence 自分のことをふつうだ which takes an object.\n\nI came across a similar structure once AをBと思う (to regard A as B). I'm\nwondering if something similar is going on here? This leads me to the same\nunderstanding given in the link i.e 'call A like B'\n\nMaybe \"she spoke about here own affairs as though they were ordinary\"? Am I\ngetting closer here?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T11:38:39.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29241",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Use of object marker with no verb",
"view_count": 253
} | [
{
"body": "Answering my own question for the purposes of tidying up. Many thanks to\nl'électeur (now 職場恋愛小説執筆中) for the hints and confirmation.\n\nThe phrase 自分のことをXと言う means \"To label oneself as X\" or \"to say of oneself that\nX\".\n\nIn this example: \"She said of herself that she is ordinary\".",
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"creation_date": "2015-12-13T23:12:09.757",
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| 29241 | 29841 | 29841 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29254",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have two sentences:\n\n> このホールで時々コンサートがある (Kono hooru de tokidoki konsaato ga aru)\n>\n> このホールでコンサートが時々ある (Kono hooru de konsaato ga tokidoki aru)\n\nThe former (provided by textbook) should mean \"There are sometimes concerts in\nthis hall\".\n\nDoes the latter (created by myself) mean the same thing as the fomer? Does it\nhave a nuance to it (e.g. emphasis on it being a concert?)? Is it even\ngrammatically correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-15T19:38:03.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29249",
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"owner_user_id": "10888",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Nuances with placement of frequency words",
"view_count": 575
} | [
{
"body": "Unlike English, Japanese does not depend so much on the sequence of words in\nthe sentence to convey meaning because particles like \"de\" and \"ga\" identify\nthe function of the words they follow in the sentence. \"Kono hooru de\" tells\nthe location. The particle \"de\" indicates a location where activity happens.\nIn \"konsaato ga\" the \"ga\" tells you that \"konsaato\"is the subject, it's what\nwe're talking about. \"Tokidoki\" means at times or from time to time. The \"aru\"\n(= to exist or to have) must come at the end of the sentence but the other\nphrases may be arraigned pretty much as you like. \"Tokidoki konsaato ga kono\nhooru de arimasu.\" Is different from the two you quoted but works just as well\nand means the same thing.\n\nIn answer to the wandering coder: the difference is in the addition of the\nword \"his\".",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T20:42:35.317",
"id": "29252",
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"body": "* Does the latter (created by myself) mean the same thing as the former?\n * Is it even grammatically correct?\n * Does it have a nuance to it (e.g. emphasis on it being a concert?)?\n\nBoth of your examples are grammatically correct and describe the same event.\nBut there is a slight difference/nuance in your examples as is shown below:\n\n> 1. **このホールで** 時々{ときどき}コンサートがある。\n>\n> 2. このホールでコンサートが **時々** ある。\n>\n>\n\nIn Japanese, word order doesn't have as much impact on the meaning of a\nsentence that describes an event as in English, but it shows **the focus**\nwithin a sentence. When a frequency word like 時々{ときどき} is close to the verb ある\nsuch as in #2, the time/frequency of the event is focused more.\n\n> 3. **時々** 、このホールでコンサートがある。\n>\n> 4. **コンサートが** このホールで時々ある。\n>\n> 5. **コンサートが** 時々このホールである。\n>\n> 6. コンサートがこのホールで **時々** ある。\n>\n> 7. このホールでコンサートがある、 **時々** 。\n>\n> 8. コンサートがこのホールである、 **時々** 。\n>\n>\n\n時々{ときどき} and other time/frequency expressions are more focused when there is a\npause after it at the beginning of the sentence such as in #3, or when the\nadverb is placed right before the verb such as in #2 and 6, or when it is\nplaced at the end of a sentence such as in #7 and 8.\n\nVerbs (predicates) are the foundation of a sentence, filling in the details\n(5W1H: who, what, when, where, why, how) with other words. Subject nouns,\nwhich are normally marked by が in Japanese, play the 2nd most important role\nin a sentence; therefore, the subjects are normally focused in a declarative\nsentence such as #4 and 5.\n\nこのホールで in #1 is focused, because it is placed at the head of the sentence\nwhere the subject コンサートが is expected to be placed.",
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| 29249 | 29254 | 29254 |
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"body": "What is Japanese word for the grammar term \"verb base\"?\n\nIn English language descriptions of the Japanese language verb conjugation for\n\"kau' for example, \"ka\" is listed as the stem. Base #1 is \"wa\" to which nai\ncan be added to make ka+wa+nai = kawanai. Base #2 is \"i\" to which masu can be\nadded to make ka+i+masu = kaimasu. Each base adds a hiragana ending in the\nsound of \"a\" for base #1, \"i\" for base #2, \"u\" for base #3, \"e\" for base #4,\nor \"ou\" for base #5. My question is; is there a Japanese word for this English\nterm \"base\". 語幹 ( _gokan_ ) has been suggested, but I think that refers to the\nEnglish term \"stem\", the unchanging part of the verb, in the above system.\n\n_Kotae ga areba kanshin shimasu._",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-15T20:15:09.347",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is Japanese for the grammar term \"verb base\"?",
"view_count": 349
} | [
{
"body": "What you are looking for is probably the word \"活用語尾\" (Katsuyou Gobi).\n\nThat means the changing part that attaches to \"語幹\" (Gokan).\n\nCheck [this page](http://blog.livedoor.jp/aritouch/archives/3693722.html)\n(written in Japanese) for the detail description and more examples.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T07:00:56.757",
"id": "29282",
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"body": "This\n[page](http://www.kokugobunpou.com/%E7%94%A8%E8%A8%80/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E-2-%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8%E3%81%A8%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E/)\nhighlights in red the part right after the \"語幹\" (gokan) and calls it \"活用語尾\"\n(katsuyou gobi), so I think it is the term you are looking for.\n\nThis [page](http://www.hello-school.net/harojapa006.htm) only describes names\ntwo parts of the verb: \"語幹\" (gokan) and \"活用語尾\" (katsuyou gobi), and then all\nof the different verb forms.",
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"creation_date": "2016-04-27T22:10:46.750",
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| 29251 | null | 29282 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29256",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I often trip up in guessing the pronunciation of words that have been borrowed\ninto Japanese from English where the original pronunciation had \"ti\" in it.\n\nFor example, I might say ネイチブ instead of ネイティブ.\n\nI realised this is because the way those words are rendered in Japanese isn't\nconsistent. Sometimes it's ティ, but sometimes it's チ.\n\nSo far I can think of the words below, but I'd be grateful if you could\nsuggest more. **EDIT: To be clear, I would just like people to list a few they\ncan come up with off the top of their heads, for the purpose of new\ndiscoveries. No need for an exhaustive list.**\n\n## ティ\n\nネイティブ (native) \nティー (tea) \nパッティー (patty) \nティーシャツ (T-shirt)\n\n## チ\n\nチップ (tip) \nモチベーション (motivation) \nチーム (team) \nチケット (ticket) \nチベット (Tibet)",
"comment_count": 11,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T01:58:43.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"pronunciation",
"loanwords",
"phonology"
],
"title": "Trying to think of borrowed English words that parse \"ti\" as ティ or as チ。",
"view_count": 533
} | [
{
"body": "Well this question is very broad, but I'll just list some I can think off the\ntop of my head. I will be adding more as I come across them online.\n\nDo you want to include medical/scientific terms? There's a lot of them.\n\nティ\n\n```\n\n ティーンズ teens\n ティアラ tiara\n ティシュ tissue\n ティーピーオー TPO\n ティルト tilt\n フェスティバル festival\n \n```\n\nチ\n\n```\n\n チクタク tictac\n チタン Titan/Titanium\n チタニウム Titanium\n チッカー ticker\n チルダ tilde\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T06:09:45.847",
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| 29253 | 29256 | 29256 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29260",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "He was asked if he liked to read an replied:\n\n> 「あはは、そんな優雅な趣味はしてないよ。自分では落ち着いているって気もしないんだけど、メガネをかけてるとそういうイメージが先行するのかもしれないね」\n>\n> [Ahahah, I don't have such an elegant hobby. I do not feel like I am calm by\n> myself though, the fact that I have glasses could make you think that tough]\n\nIt does not make much sense, I am not sure if this is correct.\n\n自分では [By me] 落ち着いている[Be calm] って気もしないんだ [Do not feel] けど[But] 、メガネをかけてる[Having\nglasses] と[Conditional] そういうイメージが先行するの[That image has priority] かもしれないね[maybe]\n\nThis is how I think it is. Any corrections or help?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Translation help with って",
"view_count": 94
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it is almost exactly what you think.\n\nって acts as a casual quoting particle in this case, meaning \"For/By (では) me, I\ndon't even (indicated by も) feel calm. However, by wearing glasses, that kind\nof image (referring to image of wearing glasses) might make you think so.\"\n\n先行する may also be somewhat confusing because the dictionary doesn't provide the\n'priority' definition that you have stated. In this case, it means \"precede\",\nreferring to the image of him wearing glasses preceding the fact that he is\nnot being calm.",
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| 29259 | 29260 | 29260 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29263",
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"body": "I heard this the other day, and I can't find it in my dictionary. From the\ncontext, it seemed to be used with the meaning of \"disappointing,\" or \"a let-\ndown.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T17:53:53.220",
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"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does しょっぽい mean?",
"view_count": 405
} | [
{
"body": "I'm more familiar with the adverb しょんぼり, meaning _\"down in the dumps,\ndownhearted, blue\"_. Looking into this some, I've discovered related terms\nしょぼくれる, しょぼしょぼ, しょぼん（と）, and しょぼたれる, all with the same basic meaning.\n\nFrom this, I would guess that しょっぽい is part of this same group. The っぽい ending\nis an adjectivizing suffix meaning _\"-ish\"_ , so presumably しょっぽい would mean\n_\"bluish (of mood), kinda depressed or depressing\"_.\n\n### UPDATE\n\nAs others have noted in the comments to the question, the asker's しょっぽい may be\na mis-hearing or alteration of しょぼい, itself derived as the simple\nadjectivization of the root しょぼ + い.",
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| 29261 | 29263 | 29263 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29346",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**EDIT:** It seems I have a misunderstanding about んじゃない. I thought it was\nmeant to add \"isn't it\" to the end of a question. e.g. 田中さんはケーキを食べるんじゃない \"田中\neats cake doesn't he?.\n\nAccording to Tsuyoshi Ito's answer below it seems it can also be used to\nnegate a sentence. I'm not sure what this means. Does it become \"田中 doesn't\neat cake does he?\" or just \"田中 doesn't eat cake\". If the latter, how does it\ndiffer from 田中さんはケーキを食べない.\n\nIn summary, how do I know which way to interpret んじゃない?\n\nI've looked at all the related questions on this site but none of them are\nclearing up my confusion.\n\n**ORIGINAL:** I'm having trouble making any sense from this sentence:\n\n> だってふつうって言ったらふつうなんだから、特別なことしてるんじゃないもん、ねぇ。\n>\n> After all, when you say you're ordinary, you're ordinary, so it makes you\n> special doesn't it?\n\nI don't really know how to interpret じゃないもん. Is that making my translation go\nwrong or is this sentence really as silly as my translation?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T20:31:25.590",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Use of んじゃない after verbs",
"view_count": 1890
} | [
{
"body": "～じゃないもん is a colloquial expression for ～ではないもの. The もん/もの here is used to\nexpress insistence.\n\nYour translation is incorrect at least because the negation in じゃない/ではない is\nmissing. I do not know about the rest because of the lack of context. I am\nparticularly unsure about the correctness of any of the occurrences of “you”\nin your translation.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T23:47:03.850",
"id": "29272",
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"body": "The difference between the two translations you're thinking about here is the\nquestion mark.\n\nんじゃない is just a composite of ん/の which is used for explanatory purposes and\nじゃない。(んだ/のだ when its not negated)\n\nWith no question mark or tone it only negates the sentence and signifies that\nthe speaker is trying to explain themselves.\n\nWhen you add the question mark as in the grammar you refer to, んじゃない？ it gains\nthe confirmation seeking meaning \"isn't?\" it etc.",
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| 29262 | 29346 | 29272 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29265",
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"body": "For exemple is it possible to write 部分々数 in place of 部分分数 or is it considered\nbad practice?\n\nI am asking this primarily because it is convenient for taking notes. But I\nwould want to know if it is possible to use in every document or if it should\nbe reserved for personal use.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T22:05:08.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29264",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"symbols"
],
"title": "Is it possible to use 々 and co (ヽ、ゝ、...) even if the shortened part is from another word?",
"view_count": 85
} | [
{
"body": "From what I understand, it's not to be used across words as you mentioned.\n\n> * [会社社長]{かい・しゃ・しゃ・ちょう} → The president of a company\n> * [民主主義]{みん・しゅ・しゅ・ぎ} → Democracy\n> * [市神神社]{いち・がみ・じん・じゃ} → Ichigami Shrine\n>\n\nFrom [Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B8%8A%E3%82%8A%E5%AD%97):\n\n> 「会社-社長」「民主-\n> 主義」のように意味が区切れる場合は使用しないことが原則だが、「公演会々場」のように使われることもある。特に、結婚や葬式に関しては、同じ漢字を直接繰り返すことは、再婚や不幸の繰り返しを連想させ縁起が悪いため、「結婚式々場」、「告別式々場」と表記することが多い。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T22:24:34.407",
"id": "29265",
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{
"body": "It is definitely a bad style.\n\n* * *\n\nWikipedia [article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iteration_mark#Kanji) first\nstates:\n\n> Using 々 instead of repeating kanji is usually the preferred form, with two\n> restrictions: (...) the repetition must be within a single word.\n\nThen admits in longer compound words it is sometimes used:\n\n> the abbreviated 民主々義 is only occasionally seen\n\nNevertheless you can see dōnojiten used with disregard for all rules:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KdC5l.jpg)",
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| 29264 | 29265 | 29266 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29269",
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"body": "Whenever I see 「よく」, I have to ask someone whether it means \"often\" or \"good\".\n\nFor example, here is a sentence from my book:\n\n> クラスへ行って、先生の講義をよく聞いて、ノートをよく取り、それをよく覚えれば、試験でいい点がもらえる。\n\nI thought all three 「よく」s meant \"often\" _(eg. \"often takes notes\")_ , but a\nJapanese friend said they all mean \"good\" _(eg. \"takes good notes\")_. He said\n\"often takes notes\" would be 「よくノートを取り」. However, he doesn't know why.\n\nHow can you tell the two usages apart?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T22:28:19.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29267",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "How to tell よく (often) apart from よく (good)?",
"view_count": 13442
} | [
{
"body": "It's the placement of the frequency word (よく).\n\n```\n\n 先生の講義をよく聞いて -> Listen well\n \n よく先生の講義を聞いて -> Often listen\n \n ノートをよく取り -> Take good notes\n \n よくノートを取り -> Often take notes\n \n それをよく覚えれば -> (If) Remember well\n \n```\n\nIf you don't see the pattern yet, **よく + verb** (directly preceding the verb)\nwould _generally_ have the connotation of 'well', while よく anywhere else in\nthe sentence would likely be 'often', with the focus of the sentence shifted\nelsewhere.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T22:34:40.293",
"id": "29268",
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{
"body": "As Yuu wrote, there is a tendency that よく immediately before a verb often\nmeans “well” and that よく at the beginning of a sentence often means “often,”\nbut it is by no means a firm rule. Word order is one of the clues, but in the\nend, the distinction depends on the context.\n\nFor example, suppose that someone said\n\n> よく先生の講義を聞いていれば、試験でいい点がもらえる。\n\nDoes it really mean “You will get a good mark on an exam if you are listening\nto your teacher’s lecture _often_ (like two thirds of the time)”? It may,\ndepending on the context, but I think that in most contexts, it is more likely\nthat the speaker meant “You will get a good mark on an exam if you are\nlistening to your teacher’s lecture _carefully_ ,” even though this means that\nthe speaker used a slightly less natural word order.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T23:03:15.410",
"id": "29269",
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{
"body": "良く, yoku, means both \"frequently\" and \"well\". It's the same kanji as yoi but\nin the adverb form. If you think about doing something well as being similar\nto doing it thoroughly and doing it thoroughly as similar to doing it often\nperhaps you can see the relatedness of the two concepts. One of the pleasures\nof learning a new language is that it makes you think outside your accustomed\nmodes.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-29T23:57:49.997",
"id": "29554",
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}
]
| 29267 | 29269 | 29269 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I came across this sentence:\n\n冗談はその角刈りだけにしてくださいよ\n\n(Source: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1e-WwxCZ3w>)\n\nFrom the context, I reckon it means \"Please don't joke /Give me a break\", but\nI'm stumped by 角刈り. My dictionary says 角刈り = a crew cut (haircut), which makes\nno sense here. Is this some sort of slang/idiom?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T23:03:52.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29270",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-16T23:11:25.940",
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"owner_user_id": "4295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 角刈り in this context?",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "Actually, you're pretty much right. The literal translation would be \"Let the\nonly joke be your crew cut (or hairstyle) and I would localize it to something\nlike \"The only joke here is your hair.\" Basically, the speaker is mocking his\ntarget's hairstyle.\n\nIt should be noted that usually this line isn't used with 角刈り, but with 顔, as\nin 「冗談は顔だけにしてくれ」(thus taking a jab at someone's looks).",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 29270 | null | 29274 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference between 全く vs 全然? Is there a preference between using\n全く or 全然 in essay writing?\n\n[Is this true](https://twitter.com/akokitamura/status/567154059694469120):\n\n> 全部 (zenbu) all [casual] \n> 全て (subete) all [formal]\n>\n> * 全然〜ない (zenzen nai) not 〜 at all [casual]\n> * 全く〜ない (mattaku nai) not 〜 at all [formal]\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-16T23:31:11.513",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"formality"
],
"title": "全く vs 全然 (formal / casual)",
"view_count": 3837
} | [
{
"body": "I think you had better use 全{まった}く than 全然{ぜんぜん} in your essay because 全然\ncarries a bit stronger emotional overtones than 全く does. 全然 probably gives an\ninformal, easy, friendly, or familiar impression.\n\nIt's no problem for you to use 全然 in conversation or in E-mail to your friend,\nhowever, it isn't appropriate for a serious or polite essay.",
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| 29271 | null | 29296 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading Install from Risa Wataya and right from the start, there's a\nsentence I had to read many many times before I could make any sense out of\nit:\n\n>\n> 「バカだねみんなと同じ生活が嫌なんて一体自分をどれだけ特別だと思ってるんだ努力もせず時間だけそんな惜しんで、大体あんたにゃ人生の目標がない、だからそう、うだうだと他の何百人もの人間が乗り越えてきた基本的でありきたりな悩みをひきずってんのさ。」\n\nHere's my (poor) attempt at a translation:\n\n> Isn't it stupid? Not wanting to live the same life as everyone else. With\n> time you'll regret not putting any effort in thinking about how much you're\n> special/different. First off, there's no goal in your life if you're not\n> part of it(?). That's why you're having to drag the basic (?) and common\n> trouble of surpassing hundreds of people.\n\nI feel about 0% confident in that translation, especially because of all those\nsubclauses. Did I get some of it right? ^^\n\nThanks!\n\nEDIT: Here's my attempt to add punctuation:\n\n>\n> 「バカだね。みんなと同じ生活が嫌なんて。一体、自分をどれだけ特別だと思ってるんだ努力もせず、時間だけそんな惜しんで（す）。大体あんたにゃ人生の目標がない。だからそう、うだうだと（他の何百人もの人間が乗り越えてきた基本的でありきたりな悩みを）ひきずってんのさ。」\n\nI'm assuming that's incorrect? ^^;",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T00:18:34.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"subordinate-clauses",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Help for a translation",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know why the author punctuated in such a strange way, but I'd say\nyou're 70% correct. Split the passage into five sentences as follows:\n\n> * バカだね、みんなと同じ生活が嫌なんて。\n> * 一体自分をどれだけ特別だと思ってるんだ。 \n> How special do you think you are?\n> * 努力もせず時間だけそんな惜しんで。 \n> (You're) Just grudging time, even though you're making no effort.\n> * 大体あんたにゃ人生の目標がない。\n> * だからそう、うだうだと、[[他の何百人もの人間が乗り越えてきた]基本的でありきたりな悩み]をひきずってんのさ。 \n> So that's why you're being bothered by [the basic and common trouble\n> [hundreds of other people have already overcome]].\n>\n\n * The third sentence ends with で/て just because いる is omitted after it. (It's not a request)\n * 時間を惜しむ = to grudge/value time\n * 他の人が乗り越えてきた悩み = trouble which other people have (already) overcome",
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| 29275 | 29283 | 29283 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29281",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Hello fellow inquisitors of Japanese. In my classroom today - in Balamb\nGardens of course - my students and I were gleefully reading through Shiwon\nMiura's latest novel あの家に暮らす四人の女 when we - to our great befuddlement I must\nadd - encountered the following sentence:\n\n> 稼いで、いい車乗って、いい女抱き **てえな** と身の内をたぎらせていたのか。\n\nThe problem you see is the てえな. We were unable to ascertain its meaning,\ndespite burrowing through several dictionaries.\n\nAny ideas on what it means?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T02:10:00.637",
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"owner_user_id": "9681",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "てえな attached to verb stem",
"view_count": 400
} | [
{
"body": "The ～てえ is an informal, masculine version of ～たい, \"want to~~\". \nたい is a 助動詞. The な is a 終助詞(sentence-ending particle).\n\nYou can parse the sentence this way:\n\n> 「稼いで、いい車(に)乗って、いい女(を)抱きてえな。」と身の内をたぎらせていたのか。\n\n* * *\n\nExample:\n\n> 食いたい --> 食いてえ (食いてぇ、食いてー) \n> 結婚したい --> 結婚してえ (結婚してぇ、結婚してー)\n\nCompare:\n\n> 知らない --> 知らねえ (知らねぇ、知らねー) \n> うるさい --> うるせえ (うるせぇ、うるせー)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T05:13:49.800",
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{
"body": "This is a kind of vowel transform. \n\"ai\" sometimes changes to \"e\" or \"ee\". \nOther vowel translation: \n\"ou\" -> \"u\" or \"oo\" \n\"てえ\" is often used by male, but you should not use this in public.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T16:07:54.523",
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| 29277 | 29281 | 29281 |
{
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"body": "In the following sentence\n\n> イタリアの理論物理学者フェルミ（Enrico Fermi ）は，この現象を，原子核の崩壊を引き起こす力 **と** ，力を媒介する未知の **粒子**\n> の存在を仮定することで説明しようとした。\n\nI guess the と followed by a comma means an exhaustive and. But an and of what?\nI guess of 粒子. Are there grammatical rules to determine this? Or is it just\nsemantics?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T02:48:40.017",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11010",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-と",
"punctuation",
"coordination"
],
"title": "と followed by a comma",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "> 原子核の崩壊を引き起こす力と，力を媒介する未知の粒子の存在を仮定する\n\nThis means:\n\n> Assuming the existence of [(原子核の崩壊を引き起こす)力] and [(力を媒介する)未知の粒子]\n\n* * *\n\nIf there is no comma, it can be read as:\n\n> Assuming the existence of [(原子核の崩壊を引き起こす and 力と力を媒介する)未知の粒子]\n\nor\n\n> Assuming the existence of 〈[{(原子核の崩壊を引き起こす)力と力}を媒介する]未知の粒子〉",
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| 29278 | null | 29280 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29288",
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"body": "In Nihongo so-matome N3 grammar p53. In question I number 4 there is this\nquestion written where both answers seems fine to me.\n\n> おとなりのひとはりょこうの（a.たびに、b.ついでに）おみやげをかってきてくれます。\n\nIf we choose たびに the sentence will have the meaning of:\n\n * \"Every time my neighbor go on a trip he gets me a souvenir.\"\n\nIf we choose ついでに the sentence will have the meaning of:\n\n * Since he was going on a trip he got me a souvenir.\"\n\nWhy is the answer たびに and we can't use ついでに? Is there something that I didn't\nnotice in the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T14:16:48.710",
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"owner_user_id": "11664",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference between ついでに and たびに in the following example",
"view_count": 865
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{
"body": "Grammatically, they both work. The only reason I can think of for `ついで` being\nwrong is a little nitpicky, but it does highlight an important nuance of this\nword.\n\n`ついでに` is very hard to translate appropriately. The concept is similar to the\n“while you're at it” in “While you're at it, could you do this too?”. It is to\ntake the opportunity to do something else, since you've already done something\nsimilar, or in close proximity.\n\n * 薬局{やっきょく}に行った **ついでに** 、コーヒーを買って{かって}きた。 \nThis makes sense if you are able to buy coffee on the way to/from (or somewhat\nnearby) the pharmacy.\n\n * 薬局{やっきょく}に行った **ついでに** 、薬{くすり}を買って{かって}きた。 \nI won't say this is blatantly wrong, but it is a little strange in most\nsituations. You usually go to the pharmacy for the exact purpose of buying\nmedication. This doesn't really fit the concept of `ついでに`.\n\nPerhaps this is what the textbook wanted to point out. おみやげ, by their very\ndefinition, are exactly what you buy on trips to bring home. In exaggerated\nterms, it's like saying you went to the zoo, and ついでに looked at some animals.\n\nIt would make more sense if there was a different noun in place of the おみやげ.\nFor example, she gets cosmetics for you:\n\n> おとなりのひとはりょこうのついでに化粧品{けしょうひん}をかってきてくれます",
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| 29286 | 29288 | 29288 |
{
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"body": "It's an example sentence from tangorin.com, I wanted to know some sentence\nexamples for さすが. One sentence I found is completely confusing for me, I can't\nlogically translate the sentence to the original translation below:\n\n> 彼は **さすが** 大学に **行っただけのことはある** 。 \n> He didn't go to college for nothing.\n\nThe really confusing part is especially the rear 行っただけのことはある. I know that\nsimply said ことがある means 'to have done something', concluding that (in my mind)\nthe translation would be something like:\n\n> This guy, as one would expect, he _did_ really go to university [ _only_ for\n> the sake of going to the university].\n\nGiving you the image that this guy is some bum instead of the right\ntranslation which gives you the image that this guy is actually something.\n\nBut, as you can see, my translation is nowhere near the original (right)\ntranslation, also due to my level of Japanese being only somewhere around B2.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-17T14:17:55.037",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-17T14:56:35.240",
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"owner_user_id": "11253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"usage"
],
"title": "Help with さすが大学に行っただけのことはある",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "<http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%95%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C>\n\n> さすがは～だけあって （just） as expected of （just） as you'd expect of just as one would\n> expect from just like\n\nFrom my understanding, It's basically saying \" **It was no surprise that he\nwent to a University** \". The sentence puts emphasis on it not being much of a\nsurprise, that the person speaking didn't expect anything less the man in the\nsentence.\n\nIn this example the だけのことはある should put even more emphasis on the fact that\nit's little surprise that he went to a University. Probably means that the\nperson is quite smart.\n\nanother example of だけのことはある\n\n<http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B>\n\n> さすが～と呼ばれるだけのことはある not known as ~ for nothing",
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| 29287 | 29295 | 29295 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29327",
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"body": "The context is this. \nA girl who was always alone when she was a kid had a butler who was called すわの\nwho is now far away from her. She just saved a boy from drowning and she feels\ngood about that because the boy and his brother thanked her for that.\n\n> すわの、あんたがいてくれたなら聞いてほしかった。 \n> 本当自分でも分かんないんだけど、あの時なんかこう胸が[暖]{あった}かくなったんだ。\n\nThe translation is\n\n> If you were here I would ask you. \n> I do not know by myself but I feel warm inside.\n\nIs the translation wrong? \nIsn't てほしい used when you want someone to do something?\n\nI would translate it\n\n> Suwano, If you were here I would have wanted you to listen. \n> I can't really understand by myself, but that time my heart became warm\n> like this.\n\nAlso can someone explain me how this form works? \nCould I use the particle が in a sentence like this\n\n> I want A to teach B English \n> 私はＡにＢに英語を教えてほしい \n> or \n> 私はＡがＢに英語を教えてほしい\n\nI know the first one is correct, but what about the second one?\n\nAnother user made this example to me in a previous thread. It was this\n\n> 彼に英語を教えてほしい。\n>\n> This sentence can be translated as two ways.\n>\n> A. I want him to teach someone English.\n>\n> A' （彼女が私に英語を教えてくれると言っているけれど、私は）彼に英語を教えてほしい。\n>\n> B. I want you to teach him English.\n>\n> B'. （あなたは英語を教えるのがうまいから、あなたが）彼に英語を教えてほしい。\n\nIn B' could it become\n\n> B'（あなたは英語を教えるのがうまいから、僕はあなたに）彼に英語を教えてほしい。\n\nAlso how can I know if 聞いてほしい is _want someone to listen_ or _want someone to\nask_?\n\nEdit. Nothing at all was referring to something I wrote before but it was just\nconfusing so I edited it out.\n\nEdit 2. For those who want to know the source for the context it's Binbougami\nGa!? Episode 3 about minute 19.30",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "てほしい usage with more than 2 people, particles に and が",
"view_count": 617
} | [
{
"body": "> あんたがいてくれたなら聞{き}いてほしかった。\n\n \nThis sentence might NOT be translated as ''... **I** would ask you.'' It is no\nwonder you doubt the translation. \n_聞いてほしい_ means that the speaker wants someone to do _聞く_. \nConversely, if the translation were correct, the original must be _聞きたかった_ or\n_尋{たず}ねたかった_. \n \n\n_聞く_ can mean either _listen_ or _ask_. Also, it can be translated as _follow_\nor _obey_ in other contexts. \nIt depends on the context which meaning does ''聞く'' express. The root concept\nof 聞く seems to know by receiving some sound. \n\n* * *\n\n> I want A to teach B English. ／ A=あなた B=彼 \n> \n> 1.(?) 私{わたし}は、A **に** Bに英語{えいご}を教{おし}えてほしい。／ (?)私はあなた **に** 彼に英語を教えてほしい。 \n> 2. 私は、A **が** Bに英語を教えてほしい。／私はあなた **が** 彼に英語を教えてほしい。 \n> 3. 私は、A **から** Bに英語を教えてほしい。／私はあなた **から** 彼に英語を教えてほしい。 \n>\n\nExample #1 is not wrong grammatically, but the meaning is a bit unclear\nbecause ''someone+に'' follows the same form. \nSo, you'd better say as #2 or #3. \n\ncf. ''から'' is used to indicate the subject when the verb is 伝{つた}える, 話{はな}す,\n言{い}う, 教{おし}える, 渡{わた}す, 送{おく}る, and so on. \nFor examples,\n\n> 私はあなた **から** 彼にこれを渡してほしい。 \n> I want you to hand this to him.",
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| 29290 | 29327 | 29327 |
{
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"body": "The one answer I have really found says there is no semantic difference. Is\nthere a formality difference? Is する為には more formal than するには?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-18T01:18:48.923",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"formal-nouns",
"formality"
],
"title": "The difference between するには and する為には",
"view_count": 675
} | [
{
"body": "When “するためには” is used, the following context is likely to be “必要{ひつよう}がある”,\n“しなければならない”, or a similar expression.\n\nYou can say ためには instead of には in example A, B, and C.\n\n> A. 朝日{あさひ}を見{み}に行{い}く **には** 、5時{じ}に起{お}きないと間{ま}に合{あ}わない。\n>\n> B. 外国{がいこく}で車{くるま}を運転{うんてん}する **には** 、まず交通{こうつう}ルールを知{し}る必要{ひつよう}があります。\n>\n> C. 彼女{かのじょ}に喜{よろこ}んでもらう **には** 、何{なに}をあげたらいいだろう。\n\n \nYou can say D, E but cannot say D', E'. \nPeople will understand even if you say D' or E', but they will feel it\nstrange. \nI think that's because ために indicates purpose.\n\n> D. このズボンは、私が履く{はく} **には** きつすぎます。 \n> D'. *このズボンは、私が履く **ためには** きつすぎます。\n>\n> E. この時期{じき}は、半袖{はんそで}で散歩{さんぽ}する **には** 寒い{さむい}。 \n> E'. *この時期は、半袖で散歩する **ためには** 寒い。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T15:05:25.173",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 29291 | 29308 | 29308 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29294",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does \"ねーし\" mean? For example: 笑ってねーし！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-18T02:14:37.647",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"ねーし\"",
"view_count": 1076
} | [
{
"body": "～ねーし ＜＞ ～ねえし ＜＞ ～ないし\n\n笑ってねーし would be a colloquial way of saying \"I didn't laugh!\" A more standard\nway of saying it would be 笑ってないし。\n\nThe elongation(ー) after ね means to elongate the sound of the previous letter\n(hence ねえ above). The ねー is the colloquial form of ない。 The し is another\n(normally colloquial) letter usually used to list things. In this instance\nhowever, its use is at the end of a rebuttal to an inquisition or accusation.\n\n> A: 何{なん}でトムとメールしないの？\n>\n> A: Why haven't you emailed Tom?\n>\n> B: だって彼{かれ}のメールアドレス知{し}らないし！\n>\n> B: Because, I don't know his email address!\n\nSimilar colloquial words can be found in this similar question\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29099/changing-of-\ndiphthongs-at-the-end-of-words-to-%E3%81%88-in-exclamations/29103#29103).",
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| 29292 | 29294 | 29294 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29299",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came across the following in the lyrics for a song:\n\n「きみが すきで すきで でもああ ああ だけど だめで だめで うまくいかない」\n\nIt seems strange that で instead of だ is used after すき and だめ. Is there a\nreason for using で here, or is this just a quirk of the song writer?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-18T05:58:59.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29298",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Odd use of で in だめで",
"view_count": 222
} | [
{
"body": "The で after だめ is exactly the same as the で after すき: the connective form or\n(a.k.a. \"-te form\" ) of だ/です.\n\nIf you replace all the で in your sentence with だ...\n\n> きみがすきだ。すきだ。でも、ああ、ああーだけど、だめだ。だめだ。うまくいかない。\n\n...you still have valid Japanese, but spread over 5 sentences instead of 1.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T06:21:01.887",
"id": "29299",
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| 29298 | 29299 | 29299 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Which one is the correct one between the following 2 sentences? Are my English\ntranslations correct?\n\n> A: 昨日食べたのは肉まん **です** 。\n>\n> A': It **is** nikuman (steamed meat bun) that I ate yesterday.\n>\n> B: 昨日食べたのは肉まん **でした** 。\n>\n> B': It **was** nikuman (steamed meat bun) that I ate yesterday.\n\nNote: I am not a native speaker in both English and Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T06:26:10.807",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "Confused in choosing でした or です in のは～だ grammar",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "Both A and B in Japanese are correct, the same fact as A' in English. B' is\nincorrect English. Do you want to know about English?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T14:00:13.273",
"id": "29305",
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{
"body": "As Toshihiko wrote, both A and B are correct sentences in Japanese. However,\nthey are not always interchangeable.\n\nFor example, suppose that you ate nikuman yesterday, but today your coworker\nasked you:\n\n> 昨日カレーまんを食べていましたよね。どこで買ったんですか? _You were eating karēman (curry-flavored pork\n> bun) yesterday. Where did you buy it?_\n\nYou can say (A) いいえ、昨日食べたのは肉まんです in response, but it is strange to say (B)\nいいえ、昨日食べたのは肉まんでした. It is hard for me to pinpoint why (B) sounds strange in\nthis case, but I feel that (B) emphasizes the pastness of the event for no\nreason even though you are making a correction now.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T19:34:46.497",
"id": "29313",
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{
"body": "The key here is the word order. The neutral order is “昨日肉まんを食べました”. By saying\nit in the order “昨日食べたのは肉まん[です/でした]”, you are already conveying a\n**contrastive** nuance. That is to say, you ate 肉まん and **not something\nelse**.\n\nです/でした tends to have implications on this contrastive nuance:\n\n> 昨日食べたのは肉まん **です** 。ラーメンではなくて。 \n> _It was nikuman that I ate yesterday. Not ramen._\n>\n> 昨日食べたのは肉まん **でした** 。ラーメンではなくて。 \n> _**It turns out** it was nikuman that I ate yesterday. Not ramen._\n\nUsing `でした` can imply that you are overturning a previous belief or statement.\nYou previously thought/said it was ramen, but it turned out to be nikuman.\n\nSo for example, these are the natural choices:\n\n * 先に帰ってきたのはお父さん **です** 。 \n_It was my father who came home first._\n\n * お母さんが先に帰ってくるはずだったのに、先に帰ってきたのはお父さん **でした** 。 \n_My mother was supposed to come home first, but it turned out to be my father\nwho came home first._",
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| 29300 | null | 29315 |
{
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"answer_count": 4,
"body": "This may sound strange, but say you're talking to a friend on the phone, or an\nequivalent. You want to ask if they have a new game or say, got the new\ncharacter in a game. I realise you can ask 'have you received', but is there\nany way besides 持つ and ある? Like a verb to 'own' or to 'possess'?\n\nIf I'm not making sense, say if I asked you if you had a car. Would I just say\nあなたは車がある？ What about a new character in a game? How would I say 'do you own\nhim' or 'have you got/received him yet'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-18T12:07:25.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29302",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-29T21:35:19.153",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-29T17:43:06.533",
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"owner_user_id": "11735",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"do you have\"",
"view_count": 10721
} | [
{
"body": "I suppose these could be used for gaming. Remember to use the right tense.\n\n> 仲間に入れる - make a friend out of \n> 仲間に加える - to add into your group of friends \n> 手に入れる - often used when finding items in game \n> 見つかる / 見つける - to find/be found transitive/intransitive \n> ゲットする - english loanword for \"get\" suru verb \n> プレーする - english loanfor for \"to play\" hear it used in sports a lot. Maybe\n> for videogames too \n>\n\nThere are a lot of loanwords in both videosgames and sports.\n\nmore general words for purchase/import/buy\n\n> 購入 - purchase \n> 輸入 - import \n> 買う - buy \n>\n\nfor cars\n\n> 新車 - new car \n> 外車 - import car \n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T13:33:50.637",
"id": "29303",
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{
"body": "Here are some more verbs that are related to having, receiving, and owning.\n\nThese ones are common:\n\nくれる - to give (usually to speaker) \nもらう - to receive (from somebody) \nゲットする - to get, to obtain \n受{う}ける - to get, to receive \n得{え}る - to acquire, to get \n取{と}る - to take \n含{ふく}む to have, to include \n抱{かか}える - to hold/carry in/under the arms, to have (problems, debts, etc.) \n\nThere ones may be more rare or formal:\n\n達{たっ}する - to reach, to get to \n擁{よう}する - to have, to possess \n有{ゆう}する - to own, to have \n所有{しょゆう}する - to own, to possess (property)\n\nAlso, 持つ has an advantage over ある because you can leave out the topic/subject\nwithout changing the meaning.\n\n> 車がある。 There is a car. \n> 私は車がある。 I have a car. (As for me, there is a car.) \n> （私は）車を持ってる。 (I) have a car.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T20:35:22.880",
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"body": "Like Saitama and Darcinon mentioned, there are several expressions you can use\nfor different situations here, depending on the context. I don't think there's\na universal answer here though.\n\nIf you want to ask \"do you have/own a car?\" The most natural way of asking\nwould be\n\n> 車を持っている？\n\nIn theory you could use 持っている with the game character as well, but in that\ncontext these terms might be better.\n\n> 大乱闘スマッシュブラザーズでワリオをゲットした？ \n> or \n> もうワリオを手に入れた？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T22:37:25.727",
"id": "29316",
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{
"body": "> you're talking to a friend on the phone... if I asked you if you had a car.\n> Would I just say あなたは車がある？\n\nI would say 「[車]{くるま} [持]{も}ってる？」 or 「車 ある？」\n\n> What about a new character in a game? How would I say 'do you own him' or\n> 'have you got/received him yet'?\n\n「XX手{て}に入{い}れた?」 would be fine, but to sound more casual I would say 「XX\n[取]{と}った？」 「XX [取]{と}れた？」 「XX ゲットした?」 or maybe 「XX もう持ってる？」\n\n> You want to ask if they have a new game\n\nI would say 「XX (もう)買った？」 or 「XX もう持ってる？」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-20T08:26:40.657",
"id": "29355",
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| 29302 | null | 29303 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29330",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please, help!\n\nWhat is the meaning of\n\n> しようとすることができる\n\ncan try to do something?\n\nLet's take the following sentence as an example\n\n> 身近な目標に向かってチャレンジしようとすることができる。\n\nDoes it mean\n\n> To focuse on one of the near goals and try to achieve it.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T14:42:55.620",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of しようとすることができる",
"view_count": 613
} | [
{
"body": "〜しようとする can mean “attempt” or “want to do”, and 〜ことができる denotes ability:\n\n> 〜しようとすることができる \n> _to be able to attempt_ ; \n> _to have the ability to want to do_\n\nI struggle to think of a single situation where this phrase would be used\nthough. Maybe when describing the developmental stages of a child? (e.g.\n口に指を入れようすることができる _have the ability to want to put fingers in their mouths_ )\n\n* * *\n\n### チャレンジしようとする\n\nThis seems like a redundant phrase, similar to saying “attempt to try”. I'm\nnot sure whether this is intentional, or if it is just a poorly considered way\nof saying チャレンジする.\n\nPreserving the redundancy, the sentence would be translated as:\n\n> 身近な目標に向かってチャレンジしようとすることができる \n> _have the ability to attempt/want to try to achieve a near-term goal_",
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| 29306 | 29330 | 29330 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I came across this sentence: 夢を売るのよ スポーツって。\n\nI guess here 夢を売る can't be translated to \"dream selling\", that just doesn't\nmake sense.\n\nSo what does it mean anyways?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-18T15:53:19.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does \"夢を売る\" mean? sell a dream?",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "Would help if you provided more context.\n\n> 夢を売る\n>\n> <http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%A4%A2%E3%82%92%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8B>\n>\n> <http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%A4%A2%E3%82%92%E5%A3%B2>\n\nLooking it up in dictionaries provides no other meanings for the word. I'd\nguess that it's used in the context of \"selling dreams\", like how sports make\nkids and young adults dream of becoming professional athletes, and making it\nbig.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 29309 | null | 29310 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29320",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the following example:\n\n> 大きかったり重かったりする本\n>\n> a big, heavy book\n\nI am not sure this sentence is correct to begin with, (part of me feels like\nit should be した) but assuming that it is, what would be the difference between\nthe above and the following?\n\n> 大きくて重い本\n\nBoth appear to me to mean \"a big, heavy book\".\n\nI would also like to confirm that chaining adjectives unconjugated as follows\nis ungrammatical.\n\n> 大きい重い本 ×",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-18T23:53:56.033",
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"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "たり vs. て for multiple adjectives",
"view_count": 574
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{
"body": "大きかったり重かったりする本 could be plural: some books being big, some heavy, some both.\nIt does not make that much sense on a single book (unless the book is\nsometimes being heavy, and sometimes being big).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-19T01:56:02.510",
"id": "29320",
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{
"body": "When multiple adjectives are equally applied to one noun, in most cases only\nthe last one needs to be marked for tense, and all the previous ones can be\nleft as plain adverbials.\n\n大きくて重かったりする本\n\nIf you do it with both, it will sound like that the two adjectives refer to\ntwo separate instances.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T01:06:10.567",
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| 29317 | 29320 | 29320 |
{
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"body": "I am thinking of adding more Japanese words or phrases, that have the same\npronunciation as には has, to the following sentence.\n\n> 庭{にわ}には二{に}羽{わ}鶏{にわとり}がいる。\n\nCould you help me to find such words (if any)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-19T02:46:30.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29321",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-03T06:44:48.267",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-03T01:06:24.367",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Repeated word puzzle – 庭には二羽鶏がいる",
"view_count": 6491
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{
"body": "There is a classic extension of this tongue twister that goes like this:\n\n> 裏庭【うらにわ】には二羽 庭には二羽 ニワトリがいる。 \n> (pronounced as うらにわにわにわにわにわにわにわとりがいる)\n\n裏庭 means _backyard_.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T03:02:17.763",
"id": "29322",
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{
"body": "言葉遊び or 早口言葉 would help you. \nFor example, すももも桃{もも}も桃{もも}のうち",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-02T20:00:14.557",
"id": "29618",
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"body": "Some Japanese tongue twisters.\n\nLevel １. Namamugi namagome namatamago( 生麦生米生卵).\n\nLevel ２. Tokyotokkyokyokakyoku(東京特許許可局).\n\nLevel ３. Kaeru pyokopyoko mipyokopyoko awasete pyokopyoko\nmupyokopyoko(蛙ぴょこぴょこ三ぴょこぴょこ合わせてぴょこぴょこ六ぴょこぴょこ).\n\nLevel ４. Tonarino takegakini taketatekaketanowa taketatekaketakattsutakara\ntaketatekaketa(隣の竹垣に竹立てかけたのは、竹立てかけたかったから、竹立てかけた).",
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"creation_date": "2015-12-03T06:44:48.267",
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| 29321 | 29322 | 29322 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29324",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to clarify the differences between `傷{きず}` and `怪我{けが}`. Are\nthese assertions correct?\n\n> * `傷` is used exclusively for minor cuts and abrasions to the skin?\n> * `怪我` can also be used for cuts and abrasions, as well as bruising or\n> other minor injuries. `怪我` is also used for major injuries such as broken\n> bones, concussions, etc?\n>\n\nSo, calling any type of injury a `怪我` is technically correct. And, using `怪我`\nallows you to say `怪我した。`\n\nUsing `傷` allows you to be more specific as to the type of injury, but then\nyou must say something like `傷がついた。`\n\nMy strategy is to always say `怪我する` because I don't need to worry about\nsensing the distinction between `傷` and `怪我`, and I like how `怪我する` sounds. Is\nthis a good policy? Is it ever critical that I say `傷` instead of `怪我`?",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T03:35:12.620",
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"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is \"傷\" a subset of \"怪我\"?",
"view_count": 987
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{
"body": "傷 refers to damaged skin/surface resulting mainly from an injury, and 怪我\nrefers to injury itself. While, by its nature, 傷 does not usually refer to\nlife-threatening injuries, I don't think 傷 is a strict subset of 怪我.\n\n * 腕に傷がある: OK\n * 腕に怪我がある: Understandable, but slightly unnatural to me\n * 昔の傷: An old scar\n * 昔の怪我: (refers to an old event rather than a scar)\n * 怪我をする: OK\n * 傷をする: Wrong",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T04:51:58.487",
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"body": "If you want to be more specific you could also use:\n\n### Serious injury\n\n * 大怪我{おおけが} — more casual \n\n * 重傷{じゅうしょう} - more formal\n\n### Light injury\n\n * かすり傷{きず} - more casual \n\n * 軽傷{けいしょう} - more formal\n\nTo my understanding, both 傷 and 怪我 are very general terms and don't really say\nmuch about the magnitude of damage. I think it's correct that 傷 is used for\nmore for cuts and damage to the skin, while 怪我 has a broader usage, and can be\nused for pretty much any type of injury. 傷 is also used in some other\nwords/verbs like scars and hurt feelings, 傷跡 and 傷つく.\n\nOn the news they use 軽傷 and 重傷 a lot, but I've also heard 大怪我 and things like\n軽い/重い or 怪我/傷.\n\n**Also be careful about the usage of _傷つく_ since that verb is often used with\n[hurt\nfeelings/emotions](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E5%BF%83%E3%81%AE%E5%82%B7).**\n\n傷を負う may be better if you are talking about getting hurt and want to use 傷,\nbut a native speaker can probably clarify that.\n\nFor broken bones 骨折する is also often used.\n\nAnother word that you probably hear a lot on the news is\n[傷害](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/+%E5%82%B7%E5%AE%B3%E3%82%92)\nwhich seems to mean just \"injury\" or \"damage\".",
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| 29323 | 29324 | 29324 |
{
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"body": "I am under the impression that many of the current words used have both a\nnative or an international counterpart.\n\nFor example:\n\n 1. 扉 (とびら) vs ドア\n 2. 全て (すべて) vs 全部\n 3. いちご vs ストロベリー\n\n.. and the list goes on.\n\nI am actually curious about how these words are used in a sentence. For\nexample, I hear in trains that 扉 (とびら) or ドア are both used interchangeably.\nThe same is true for いちご and ストロベリー.\n\nI am unsure about 全て (すべて) and 全部. Are they used interchangeably? Or should\nthere be a proper context when a \"native\" Japanese word must be used vs a\nChinese/imported one.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T08:23:21.507",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "\"native\" Japanese words vs Chinese/international \"imports\"",
"view_count": 371
} | [
{
"body": "The simplest answer is that there is no complete rule to explain when to use\nwhat. Some imports both of the Sino-Japanese variety and the modern variety\nhave completely overrun their Japanese equivalents or potential equivalents.\nバイト or アルバイト is the word for part-time jobs in Japan. [通]{つう}じる is the most\nnatural way to say something was conveyed.\n\nAt the same time, there are some rough rules to go by. First off, a\ngeneralized word for foreign words is [外来語]{がいらいご}. Then, [漢語]{かんご} (Chinese\nimport words) will have a higher tendency to come across as academic/formal\n(not formal as in polite) in contrast to a native Japanese word [和語]{わご} or\n[大和言葉]{やまとことば} which might tend to sound more colloquial or theoretically be\ntaught to children in advance of the imported words.\n\nOther foreign imports exist because they were imported simultaneously with the\nconcept like レポート. My sense is that if we add recent カタカナ言葉 then we will\ndiscover that these words sound trendier.\n\nFor some of these, what I do as a fellow non-native speaker is use a google\nimage search. In two of your three cases, it confirmed my suspicions:\n\n 1. 扉 gets you much more ornate looking doors than ドア\n 2. いちご (preferred over 苺 ) is the [fruit](https://www.google.co.th/search?q=%E8%8B%BA&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIpKvjwYucyQIV4tmmCh0QwAHi&biw=1280&bih=743) vs. [ストロベリー](https://www.google.co.th/search?q=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIm8i9oo2cyQIVgSymCh3eWQ5V&biw=1280&bih=743) the flavor ...\n\nFor 全て / すべて, one thing to notice is that it can be both noun and adverb.",
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"body": "Excellent answer. Just one comment regarding 外来語. It's often the abbreviated\nversion of the word that's most frequently used. It's also a generation thing,\nso younger people tend to use more 外来語. and more frequently the abbreviated\nversion.\n\n * マクドナルド becomes マック \"mc donalds\"\n * リュックサック becomes リュック \"rucksack/backpack\"\n\nThis can be frustrating for language learners, since the words often get\nabbreviated to the point where they no longer share any resemblance to their\nforeign counter-part, and pretty much becomes 和製語.\n\nOne example is the word [NG]{エヌジー} which means \"No Good\". It's often used in\nJapanese TV-shows, and has been changed to the point where it retains it's\noriginal meaning, but the way it's written and pronounced has no resemblance\nto the original loan-words (ノー and グッド).",
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| 29328 | null | 29329 |
{
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"body": "I have been wondering about the different nuances each of the following\nsentences carries. Maybe I am trying to interpret too much into these, but I\nam really curious about the slight difference it does using each.\n\n> 「日本にお寿司を食べに行きたい」= _\"I want to go to Japan to eat Sushi\"_\n\nDoes this convey the nuance, that you want to go to Japan _mainly_ to eat\nsushi?\n\n> 「日本にお寿司を食べていきたい」= _\"I want to go eat Sushi in Japan\"_\n\nCould this possibly be misunderstood for \"I want to stay eating Sushi in\nJapan?\" What is the exact nuance with this one? Is this even a valid option?\n\n> 「日本に行ってお寿司を食べたい」= _\"I want to go to Japan and eat sushi\"_\n\nAs in, I want to go to Japan and eat sushi, but anything else would also be\ngood?\n\nOr could this even be misunderstood to mean _\"I want to go to Japan; I want to\neat sushi?\"_ As in, the act of eating sushi doesn't necessarily have to happen\nin Japan?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "The different nuances of wanting to go to do something",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "「日本にお寿司を食べていきたい」is not a natural sentence. 「日本 **では** お寿司を食べていきたい」is better,\nand it implies \"He/she came from a foreign country for some purpose except\nSushi, and he/she want to go eat Sushi before go back to one's home country\".\n\nI don't feel different nuances between「日本にお寿司を食べに行きたい」and 「日本に行ってお寿司を食べたい」.\nThose sentences are perfect.\n\n> Or could this even be misunderstood to mean \"I want to go to Japan; I want\n> to eat sushi?\"\n\nNo, it obviously says the main purpose of the trip is Sushi.\n\n> As in, the act of eating sushi doesn't necessarily have to happen in Japan?\n\nYes, it's a necessary act. He/she will feel badly disappointed if can't eat\nSushi.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-20T06:09:07.097",
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"body": "> 「[日本]{に・ほん}にお[寿司]{す・し}を[食]{た}べに[行]{い}きたい。」(1)-A\n\nIn this case, the speaker's purpose of visiting Japan is eating sushi. This\nsentence clearly expresses that the speaker's motivation to go to Japan is\nsushi.\n\n> 「日本に行って、お寿司を食べたい。」(2)-A\n\ncan have the same nuance as (1)-A above, but it also can imply eating sushi is\none of the purposes of visiting Japan. it depends on the tone and the context.\n\n> 「日本でお寿司を食べていきたい。」(3)-A\n\nUsing に instead of で in this sentence is unusual, so I explain the nuance of\nで-version of the sentence. (By the way, what user4092さん mentioned in comment\nis true. 日本にお寿司を食べていきたい literally means so. This composition of sentence is\nused sometimes, for example, when someone says [映画]{えい・が}に[夕飯]{ゆう・はん}を食べていきたい\nwhich means 映画に夕飯を食べてから行きたい(I want to go to movies after have dinner). If\nsomeone means so, the composition of 「夕飯を食べて、映画に行きたい」 or 「お寿司を食べて、日本に行きたい」 is\npreferred, though.)\n\nWhen someone says this way (「日本でお寿司を食べていきたい。」), there are other plans in\nher/his mind. The other plans might be stopping by other places, or visiting\nthe next place, or how to go back to her/his country, or something like that.\nThe speaker has something else to do in the trip, but anyway, in Japan, s/he\nwants to eat sushi. Eating sushi in Japan is not the whole plan the speaker\nhas. It's a part of the itinerary the speaker plans. So this sentence implies\nthat the speaker visits Japan from other country and will leave Japan after\ns/he eats sushi because s/he has other plans. In other words, it expresses the\nnuance of \"go, do(eat sushi), and then leave for the next place.\"\n\nThe sentence (3)-A could also mean \"In Japan, at least I want to eat sushi.\"\nWhether the \"at least\" nuance is expressed depends on the tone and the\ncontext.\n\n##\n\n## を VS は\n\nThe \"at least\" nuance becomes obvious when は is used instead of を.\n\n> 「日本でお寿司は食べていきたい。」(3)-B\n\nThis sentence implies that eating sushi has the top priority in the speaker's\nto-do list of trip to Japan.\n\nThe sentence (2)-A could not express the \"at least\" or \" top priority\" nuance.\nIt simply describes that eating sushi is what the speaker wants to do. But if\nは is used instead of を such as (2)-B, it could.\n\n> 「日本に行って、お寿司は食べたい。」(2)-B\n\nIf は is used instead of を in the sentence (1)-A, such as (1)-B, it implies\nthat the speaker wants to go to Japan in order to eat sushi but there are\nother things s/he doesn't want to do in Japan.\n\n> 「日本にお寿司は食べに行きたい。」(1)-B\n\nThe (2)-B and (3)-B sentences also could imply the same nuance as (1)-B. It\ndepends on the tone and the context.\n\n##\n\n## Omission of を and に\n\nIn colloquial Japanese, を and に are often omitted when they are directly\nfollowed by their verbs (there are some exceptions though). For example, in\nthe sentence (2)-A, 日本に's verb is 行く which directly follows 日本に, and お寿司を's\nverb is 食べる which directly follows お寿司を. So these を and に can be omitted like\nthis.\n\n> 「日本行って、お寿司食べたい。」(2)-C\n\nThis expression is natural and common in casual conversations.\n\nOn the other hand, in the sentence (1)-A, 日本に's verb 行く does not directly\nfollow 日本に. There is a phrase お寿司を食べに between 日本に and 行きたい. So this に in the\n日本に is never omitted, while the を of お寿司を食べに is omittable as well as (2)-A's を\nabove. So it can be said\n\n> 「日本 **に** お寿司食べに行きたい。」(1)-C\n\nSome people, usually young people, even omit the に of 食べに like this.\n\n> 「日本にお寿司食べ行きたい。」(1)-D\n\nBut this type of に omission is very casual and not something most people do.\nThe omission of に in verb-に-verb sequences is much less common than those in\nnoun-に-verb sequences.\n\nThe (3)-A's を also can be omitted like this.\n\n> 「日本でお寿司食べていきたい。」(3)-C\n\nSo, in real conversations, you may encounter these omitted versions of\nsentence. But, although they don't contain を and に, they have the same\nmeanings and nuances as the original sentences which contain を and に.",
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| 29332 | 29363 | 29363 |
{
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"body": "In Nihongo so-matome N3 grammar p63. In question I number 3 there is this\nquestion written where both answers seems fine to me.\n\n * 男の(a.くせに,b.わりに)、女みたいだ.\n\nThe answer is くせに.\n\nIsn't わりに used when an unexpected feeling occurs? for example here the normal\nis that for being a boy he is supposed to look like a boy however he look like\na girl. Also くせに makes perfect sense to me. Why くせに is the correct answer?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Usage of くせに and わりに in the following sentence",
"view_count": 1173
} | [
{
"body": "I think you need to look at more than just the English translations to get the\nway わりに is used.\n\nくせに can be used as a [somewhat ruder replacement of\nのに](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kuseni), so it makes sense to\nsay that here. (の there is a nominalizer with no particular meaning of its own\nwhereas くせ has meaning).\n\nIn contrast, わりに used to be written as 割に which helps make clearer what it\ndoes.\n\nSpecifically, it it says \"As much/little as X, _[unwritten: one might infer\nY]_ , but surprisingly Z.\n\nI think the problem for the example sentence is 男 is not a proportional fact X\nof the relevant sort.\n\nAll of the examples being offered online are like:\n\n> 年の割には若く見える. [here](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\n> jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB-wari-ni/) [also\n> here](https://chokochoko.wordpress.com/grammar-notebook/wariniha/)\n\n= he looks young if you take in account his age [which should make him look\nolder]\n\n> お金がないと言っている割に、よく旅行するね。 [here](http://www.jlptsensei.com/grammar-\n> lesson/warini/)\n\n= as much as she says she has no money, she seems to travel a lot.\n\nthe basic pattern is we need some sort of proportional claim and then a second\nfact to the contrary.\n\nYou don't have that in the sentence above, so it can't be わりに\n\nI think when they're saying \"unexpected feeling\" they mean that the expression\nincludes some opprobrium. As in we're annoyed at this outcome. (cf.\n\n> お金がないのに、よく旅行に行きます。\n\n= even though she doesn't have any money she often travels. (perhaps because\nshe collects airline miles)",
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| 29333 | 29334 | 29334 |
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"body": "I want to say that I am visiting a place (= Japan) for the first time.\n\nThe sentences that I am thinking of are:\n\n 1. これは私に日本中を始まるです。\n 2. 私が日本を始まるです。\n\nWhich one sounds more correct? I am only one year into Japanese but I'm trying\nto learn as much as possible.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T14:54:36.827",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Saying it's my first time in (a place)",
"view_count": 20147
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{
"body": "Unfortunately, neither of those is correct, but you're on the right track.\nWhat you're looking for is [初]{はじ}めて instead of 始まる.\n\n> * 日本（に・は・には）初めてです.\n>",
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"body": "I think you can say...\n\n[日本]{にほん}は[初]{はじ}めてです。 \n(Lit. As for Japan, this is (my) first time.)\n\nOR\n\n日本には初めて[来]{き}ました。 \n(Lit. To Japan, I came for the first time.)\n\nOR\n\n日本に[来]{く}るのは(これが)初めてです。 \n日本に[来]{き}たのは(これが)初めてです。 \n(This is the first time I've been in Japan.)",
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| 29335 | null | 29352 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29340",
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"body": "> ……久しぶりに自分に戻れた。 こうして筆を持つのは何ヶ月ぶりか。 おそらく次はないだろう。 筆はここで止める事にする。 私の死後、\n> **これはアキハに渡すよう娘に言いつけた** 。 アキハがこれを読むかどうかは解らない。 だが一度でも目を通したのなら、必ず処分する事。\n> それが私、遠野槙久が我が娘にあてる、ただ一つの遺言である。\n>\n> After a long time I came back to myself. It's been so many months since I\n> could hold my brush like this. Probably there will not be another time. Now\n> I will stop using the brush. After my death, I will give this to Akiha, so I\n> told my daughter. I do not now if Akiha will read it or not. But, even if\n> you read this one time, make sure to dispose it. This is, Tohono Makihisa,\n> my will that I will pass down to my daughter.\n\nI don't get why よう is used here. よう means situation, appearance or will to do\nsomething so I thought.\n\n> 私の死後、[これは(this notebook) アキハに渡す]>よう(situation, will)娘に言いつけた。\n\nThe second part is also confusing because Akiha is the daughter, so he is\nsaying something like:\n\n> After my death, this notebook I will give it to Akiha, so I told my\n> daughter.\n\nAm I on the right track?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Verb dictionary form+よう",
"view_count": 490
} | [
{
"body": "An easy way to remember this pattern is that it's used when telling someone to\ndo something else, but it's not limited to that (obviously).\n\n```\n\n Aさんに, 私に電話するように伝えてください。\n 風邪をひかないように気をつけてください。\n \n```\n\nYour example is quite similar. The translation of which is \"I told my daughter\nto give this notebook to Akiha after my death.\" The way it got infused into my\nbrain was we had these dialogues my 2nd or 3rd year, where you called for\nsomeone that wasn't home, and told them to call you back (or something else -\nas seen in my first example). I think we read those a million times.\n\nSimilarly...\n\n```\n\n そうするように頑張ります。\n いい人になるように頑張ります。\n \n```\n\nIf you wanted to translate all of these in a similar fashion, you'd simply\ntranslate the verb dictionary form + ように as \"to\". \"Tell him to call me\". \"Be\ncareful not to get a cold\". \"All do my best to do that\". \"I'll do my best to\nbecome a good person\". Colloquially they might come out quite different\nthough.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T17:34:45.487",
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| 29336 | 29340 | 29340 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29384",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the context of my actually being in Hiroshima, I think I could say\n\n> すごいすごい。初めてです、広島は。\n\nto mean \"`This is my first time in Hiroshima`\".\n\n * Is this correct?\n * Is that natural Japanese? \n * Do the gratuitous \"`すごい`\"s enhance the context?\n\nSomehow helps clarify what I'm trying to say?\n\nBut, this would not sound ok at all?\n\n> 花粉症が酷くて、暑くて、初めてです、Floridaは\n\n**addendum** \nI'm now thinking that my assertion is groundless. My speaking is somewhat\nmodeled after _キキ_ in `魔女の宅急便`. She is always so positive. Being negative when\nyou visit a place just sounds unnatural to me. In any event, who am I to say\nwhat \"sounds natural\"...",
"comment_count": 7,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Is \"初めてです、広島は。\" ok in spoken Japanese?",
"view_count": 346
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{
"body": "「すごいすごい。[初]{はじ}めてです、[広島]{ひろ・しま}は。」 is not wrong, but if you are a man, it's a\nlittle strange, because 「すごいすごい」 is a phrase that a girl says, usually (if it\nhas a positive nuance). If you want to emphasize すごい, すっごい would be more\nnatural to use than すごいすごい. すっごい is commonly used by both men and women.\n\n> 「すっごい初めてです！」\n\nis naturally said in casual conversations by some young people. It means \"This\nis my very first time!\"\n\n> 「めっちゃ初めてです！」\n\nhas the same meaning, and used by many people.\n\nです is keigo, so 「すっごい初めてです」 and 「めっちゃ初めてです」 are nice ways to say, but they\nsound somewhat casual.\n\n> 「まったく初めてです。」\n\nis polite and more common, so this can be used in more various situations.\n\nIf you feel 「初めてです」 is too simple,\n\n> 「初めてなんです。」\n\nmay fit your needs. This なん confirms the meaning of 初めてです. It's like saying\n\"This is definitely my first time.\"\n\nThe は of 広島は is not necessary.\n\n> 「初めてです、広島。」 or 「初めてなんです、広島。」\n\nsounds natural.\n\nWhen some distinction is needed to express, は is useful. For example,\n\n> 「初めてなんです、広島 **は** 。[大阪]{おお・さか}は[二三度]{に・さん・ど}[行]{い}ったことあるんですけど。」 (This is\n> definitely my first time in Hiroshima. I've visited Osaka a couple of times,\n> though.)\n\nIf you want to say something positive about the place but don't want to\nspecify what, 「すごいところですね。」 is a nice way to say as mentioned in the comment by\nThe Wandering Coderさん. Or,\n\n> 「いろいろすごいです。」 or 「ほんと、すごいです。」\n\nwould work well. In this case, saying a 初めてです sentence first would sound more\nnatural. For example,\n\n> 「初めてなんです、広島。いろいろほんと、すごいです。」\n\nAbout the Florida sentence, the following example would sound more natural and\nrelatively understandable for native Japanese speakers.\n\n>\n> 「ここ[来]{き}て[突然]{とつ・ぜん}[花粉症]{か・ふん・しょう}が[酷]{ひど}くなっちゃうし、もうとにかく[暑]{あつ}くて。しかも、初めてなんです、[フロリダ]{ふ・ろ・り・だ}。」",
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| 29338 | 29384 | 29384 |
{
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"body": "Let's say I have an interview with 3 people. Each interviewer does self-\nintroduction followed by よろしくお願いします. When they say it I say it too, kind of,\nin response. Then I say my self-introduction and say the phrase. Then we start\nto discuss different topics and sometimes I feel it is a right moment to say\nit again.\n\nMy question is when is the right time to say it? Do I say it each time\ninterviewers say it? Do I say it only at the end of my self-introduction or it\ndoes not matter and I can say it whenever I feel like it without any\npenalties?\n\nよろしくお願いします!",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T17:07:05.520",
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"owner_user_id": "2922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "How many よろしくお願いします to say during job interview?",
"view_count": 727
} | [
{
"body": "Firstly, like what _Nothing_ commented, you'll want to use よろしくお願いいたします\ninstead of よろしくお願いします.\n\n> You'll only need it to say it during your self-introduction and upon\n> entering the interview room.\n\nIn all seriousness though, you'll need 失礼いたします a lot more than よろしくお願いいたします.\nThough this isn't what you're asking, I'll just leave this here:\n\n 1. Before you enter the interview room. If there's no response after knocking a few times, say 失礼いたします and enter.\n\n 2. When you open the door, open it only slightly and say 失礼いたします again when you see your interviewer(s). \n\n 3. Just before you sit - when you're beside your sit, please say 失礼いたします again before sitting (please wait for them to tell you to sit first! It's usually something with ~お掛け下さい).\n\n 4. After your interview ends, stand beside your chair and say 失礼いたします again. \n\n 5. And again before you open the door to leave the room.",
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| 29339 | 29343 | 29343 |
{
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"body": "[A recent headline](http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20151119-00000001-jct-\nsoci):\n\n> 「レッドブル」飲んだ米国人「死亡報道」で大騒ぎ 日本のまとめサイト「デマ情報」に引っかかり、相次ぎ「謝罪」\n\nCan someone help me understand how this works?\n\n「」=Is this a quotation mark?\n\nI can't understand what modifies what.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T19:01:51.117",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「」 don't seem to be 'quotation marks' in news article titles, what do they mean?",
"view_count": 534
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{
"body": "`「」` is used to emphasize a word in the case.\n\nThis is not ordinary usage, but only magazines or newspapers use `「」` for\nemphasis in the title of articles.",
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"body": "It is used for:\n\nShort references (spoken or written)\n\nE.g.「ただいま～」という声が玄関から聞こえた。\n\n* * *\n\nEmphasizing or pointing out a word/phrase (as Hibiya Ryuto noted)\n\nE.g.期末テストでなんと「90点」を取ったよ！\n\n左上にある「返信」ボタンを押してください。\n\n* * *\n\nDenoting titles of books, articles, etc.\n\nE.g.「日米情報摩擦」という本を読んでいます。",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-20T00:51:10.507",
"id": "29349",
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{
"body": "You really don't want to take writing cues from J-CAST “News”, as it is not\nexactly a high-quality news source…\n\nIf you look at [Yomiuri](http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/) or\n[Asahi](http://www.asahi.com/) headlines, you'll see that they don't abuse the\n[brackets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_typographic_symbols#Brackets_and_quotation_marks)\n(カギ括弧) in this fashion. Usually in headlines, they are for quotes, or to\nemphasize an unfamiliar word.\n\nIn this case, most of the brackets are seemingly used to highlight keywords,\nfor the clickbait factor. I would say that the only warranted use is 「レッドブル」,\nbecause Red Bull is a foreign brand name.\n\nA saner rendition would be something like:\n\n> 「レッドブル」飲んだ米国人の死亡報道で大騒ぎ デマ情報に引っかかった日本のまとめサイトが相次ぎ謝罪\n\nThe brackets around 死亡報道 can maybe be justified too, as a form of “sarcastic\nquotes”, because the report turned out to be false. In fact, you might even\ninterpret all of the brackets to be sarcastic quotes, because it's “very\nfunny” that this trivial nonsense is masquerading as a “news article”.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-20T17:03:20.293",
"id": "29359",
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{
"body": "Quotation marks are common even in English to quote tiny paragraphs of text.\nIt often comes off as sarcastic, but usually it's intended to be a single word\n(or more) quote to validate what's being said.\n\nTake the example from the BBC world news headline today:\n\n> \"Mali hotel attack: 'No more hostages' after special forces raid\".\n\nIt's not that \"no more hostages\" is sarcastic, but just a validation through\nquotes that it's been confirmed by someone else.\n\nIn this case, 「謝罪」validates that 謝罪 was actually said by Redbull, and isn't\njust the headline inventing a story.\n\n「死亡報道」shows that the name 死亡報道 is unofficial, and just a name given to the\nevent. Much like saying \"the so called death reports\" (いわゆる「死亡報道」). Or, you\ncould argue that this is a quote as we see above with 謝罪; it's not totally\nclear what's being intended.\n\nFinally, 「デマ情報」and「レッドブル」have quotation marks because they're the names of a\nnews source and foreign company -- two organization names. It's non-standard\nJapanese (I don't think any language actually has this as standard usage), but\nwhoever wrote the title had it in mind as a name. Some newspapers in English\ndo this too. Again, from the BBC:\n\n> Oregon shooting and the anonymous '4chan' message board\n\nAnd a Japanese example:\n\n> 「４ｃｈａｎ」は日本のインターネット掲示板を参考に作られたと言われ、過去にも犯罪の予告に使われています。\n\n4chan just happens to be an easy example to find.\n\nIf talking from a standardized viewpoint, none of these usages are strictly\nformal Japanese, though I would argue that none of them are wrong per-say (I\ndon't actually know what academics on 国語 have to say on this usage). In fact,\nas I've made some effort to point out, there's a lot of convergence on how\nthis news source is using 「」and how western news organizations use quotation\nmarks in their headlines and articles.",
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| 29341 | 29359 | 29359 |
{
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"body": "> あの、考古学者 **なんです** が、インディ・ジョーンズみたいな帽子を被ってなくてすいません。\n\nAlthough I _am_ an archeologist...? (Although I assure you that I am an\narcheologist...)\n\nSource: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xs-XWk_oQA> 0:23",
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"owner_user_id": "11732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does なんです mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1848
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{
"body": "In this case, the なんです functions exactly like\n\n> んです (which isn't used here due to grammar restrictions)\n\nSo basically, he wants to say 'Although I _am_ an archaeologist, I do not wear\na hat like Indiana Jones'. He assumes that the viewers might have the\nmisconception that all archaeologists wear hats, just because Indiana Jones\n(who might be the only famous archaeologist they know, and hence the\nmisconception) does.\n\nIn other words, that archaeologist thinks that (to the general public) being\nan archaeologist **implies** that he wears a hat like Indiana Jones.\n\nYou may read this page for more examples on ~なんです・んです:\n\n<http://www.japanese-language.aiyori.org/article10.html>",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-19T20:55:16.740",
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| 29342 | 29344 | 29344 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29977",
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"body": "I was reading this\n\n[How to unambiguously express sentences with lots of relative\npropositions?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2955/how-to-\nunambiguously-express-sentences-with-lots-of-relative-propositions?rq=1)\n\nAnd I started having doubts.\n\n> 月曜日には昨日妹さんにあった飼い主がいる私が作っていたケーキを食った犬が去勢手術を受ける。\n\ntranslated as\n\n> On Monday, the dog that ate the pudding that I cooked and whose owner's\n> sister I met yesterday will be castrated.\n\nshouldn't it be translated as\n\nOn monday, the sister who yesterday met the owner which is me who made a cake\nwhich the dog ate,is getting castrated\n\nWhere am i translating this wrong?\n\nMy analysis is\n\nI tought that everytime there is a verb a relative ends and modifies the noun\nthat follows it.\n\n月曜日には, [[[[昨日妹さんにあった]>飼い主がいる]>私が作っていた]>ケーキを食った]>犬が去勢手術を受ける。\n\nIsn't\n\n妹さんにあった飼い主\n\nthe relative of\n\n飼い主が妹さんに会った ?\n\nHas it something to do with the invertion they spoke of?\n\n[相手の日本人 or\n日本人の相手?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2943/%E7%9B%B8%E6%89%8B%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA-\nor-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%B8%E6%89%8B)\n\nI am getting all kinds of confused here.\n\nCan something like this work as a relative?\n\n> 僕が手で林檎を食べた I ate an apple with my hands\n>\n> A. 手で林檎を食べた僕 I who ate an apple with my hands\n>\n> B. 僕が林檎を食べた手 The hands with which I ate an apple\n>\n> C. 僕が手で食べた林檎 The apple which I ate with my hands\n\nI have doubts regarding B since it does seem unnatural to me but reading\n\n[Relative clauses distinguishing whom/with\nwhich/that](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14541/relative-\nclauses-distinguishing-whom-with-which-that)\n\n> I wrote with the pen 私はペンで書いた\n>\n> The pen with which I wrote 私が書いたペン\n\nIt's supposed to be correct.\n\nSorry if it is really long",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Relative question",
"view_count": 230
} | [
{
"body": "月曜日には 「昨日妹さんにあった」、「飼い主がいる」、「私が作っていたケーキを食った」犬が去勢手術を受ける。\n\nAlternatively, the first two clauses can be combined, since both meeting a dog\nand meeting its owner are semantically valid.\n\nThis sentence 僕が手で林檎を食べた is a little unnatural, and without context can sound\nlike it is your hand who ate and apple, which may be the reason why the\nrelative phrases especially the second one is somewhat weird sounding.\n手で林檎を食べた僕 and 僕が手で食べた林檎 are both correct. In addition to 僕が林檎を食べた手, you might\nalso say 僕の林檎を食べた手.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"body": "Similarly to the [answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/29941) which I\nposted recently to another question about a sentence with a complicated\nmodification structure, it is useful to break the sentence like this into\nbunsetsu. Then the original intention is represented as the following diagram.\n\n\n\nBut this sentence is complicated not just because of this diagram has a\ncomplicated shape.\n\nAs you probably know, a relative clause is constructed by taking out one part\nof a sentence as its head. For example, if we have a simple sentence\n\n> 飼い主が妹さんに会った。 An owner met a sister.\n\nand make a noun phrase by taking out its subject 飼い主 as a head, we obtain\n\n> 妹さんに会った飼い主 the owner who met a sister.\n\nHowever, we can take out some of the other parts of a sentence as a head. If\nwe start with\n\n> 飼い主の妹さんに会った。 I met the owner’s sister.\n\nand take out 飼い主, it becomes\n\n> 妹さんに会った飼い主 the owner whose sister I met.\n\nThe resulting form in Japanese is the same as before, but it means a different\nthing! In English, “which/who,” “whose,” “whom,” “to whom” and so on\ndistinguish the grammatical role of the head in a relative clause. In\nJapanese, this distinction is not made explicitly. To recover the omitted\nparticle for the head of a relative clause, we have to consider the meaning.\n\nIn the sentence above, the original form from which each relative clause was\nconstructed is:\n\n * 昨日妹さんに会った飼い主: 昨日飼い主 **の** 妹さんに会った。\n * ……飼い主がいる犬: 犬 **に** ……飼い主がいる。\n * 私が作っていたケーキ: 私がケーキ **を** 作っていた。\n * ……ケーキを食った犬: 犬 **が** ……ケーキを食った。\n\nI think that this sentence is fairly unambiguous, but other interpretations\nare probably possible if we assume less likely contexts. For example, if 私 is\na personified animal, then 飼い主がいる私 might be interpreted differently.",
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| 29345 | 29977 | 29977 |
{
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"body": "I'm going through my elementary Japanese learning book and another question\ncame to mind.\n\nSo, 欲しい｛ほしい｝ means \"want\" and 居る{いる} means \"to be\", \"to have\" or \"to exist\"\n\nHow does one combine the two to say \"Do you want to be ...?\"\n\nExample:\n\n> Do you want to be my team member (e.g sports team member) ?\n\nI first thought:\n\n> 僕のチームのメンバーが欲しいですか。\n\nBut that sounds more like \"Do you want my team member?\"\n\nThen my next thought was:\n\n> 僕のチームのメンバーがいますか。\n\nHowever, doesn't that mean \"Does my team member exist?\"\n\n:D\n\nSo...yeah, scratching my head at the moment.",
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"tags": [
"questions"
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"title": "How to ask \"Do you want to be ...?\" question?",
"view_count": 2109
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{
"body": "Translating \"want\" is slightly difficult:\n\n * \"want that\" =「thatが欲しい」\"want to own that stuff\"\n * \"want to do that act\" = 「thatをしたい」\n * \"want to be that\" = 「thatになりたい」\"want to become that role/position/status\" or「thatでありたい」\"want to keep that state\"\n\nI think「僕のチームのメンバーになりたいですか」is good for \"Do you want to become my team\nmember?\". If you ask him/her to become your team member, you can also\nsay「僕のチームのメンバーになりませんか」.\n\n「僕のteam memberがいますか」means \"Does my team member exist?\" as you say.",
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"body": "Basically, 欲しい is used only when:\n\n * the subject wants some _thing_ (e.g., \"水が欲しい\": \"I want [some] water\")\n * after the て-form of a verb, when the subject wants somebody else to do something (e.g., \"やめてほしい\": \"I want [you] to stop [doing that]\")\n\nIn your example though, it's not a matter of the subject --\"you\"-- wanting\nsomething to happen, but a question of what the other person wants. In that\ncase, you could use the continuative form of the verb (連用形{れんようけい}) + -たい:\n\n> 僕のチームのメンバーになりたい(ですか・かな)?\n\nHowever, keep in mind that using -たい in the 2nd person like this is considered\nto be an informal construction, usually best reserved for friends and/or\npeople (significantly) younger than you are.\n\nIn a polite setting, asking what somebody wants is usually avoided simply by\nasking directly what that person will do:\n\n> 僕のチームのメンバーになりませんか?",
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| 29351 | 29353 | 29353 |
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"body": "I am reading [Fate Zero 1](http://sai-zen-sen.jp/sa/fate-zero/works/) by\n[虚淵]{うろぶち}玄{げん}, this book likes using archaisms and very precise vocabulary\nwhich is challenging.\n\nSomewhere in [the prologue](http://sai-zen-sen.jp/works/fictions/fate-\nzero/01/01.html) there is this line:\n\n> その日{ひ}から、彼{かれ}は天秤{てんびん}の計{はか}り手{て} **たろう** と志{こころざし}を固{かた}めた。 \n> He firmly conviced himself that from now on he will be a servant of the\n> world's balance.\n\nI looked up in a\n[dictionary](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86) and I\ngot this:\n\n> たろ・う \n> （ 連語 ） \n> 〔過去の助動詞「た」の未然形に推量の助動詞「う」の付いたもの〕\n> 活用語の連用形に接続する。ガ・ナ・バ・マ行五（四）段活用の動詞に付く場合には「だろう」となる。 \n> ① 過去の事柄やすでに完了し実現した事柄についての推量・想像などの意を表す。 「その時は，さぞ困っ－・うね」\n> 「あの人の口から出たんじゃなかったら，僕も頭から信用しなかっ－・う」 \n> ②（多く上昇調のイントネーションを伴って）過去の事柄やすでに完了し実現した事柄について，相手に念を押したり同意を求めたりする気持ちを表す。\n> 「お父さんもまだ小さかっ－・う。ちょっと怖かったよ」 「この間話し－・う，そんなことは考えない方がいいよ」\n\nWhich roughly translates to\n\n> たろう (Compound word) \n> (Auxiliary う showing supposition/guess that binds to the unrealis form of\n> the auxiliary た) When sticking to a strong verb ending in ga, na, ba or ma,\n> たろう becomes だろう. \n> ① Shows guess about a situation of the past or a situation that is\n> finished. (There is no doubt that that time it must have been troublesome)\n> (If it was not him who said that I would have not believe it.) \n> ② (Often with a raise of intonation) Try to convince about a past fact. (My\n> father's still a child. That's freakin'.) (not sure about the translation:\n> It's better not to think that this discussion has been a quiet one.)\n\nSo it's about auxiliary た and う. A quick look up leads to the fact that う is a\ndeformation of auxialiary む according to\n[goo](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/17145/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%86/).\n\n> む \n> （ 助動 ） （ ○ ・○ ・む（ん） ・む（ん） ・め ・○ ） \n> 〔中古の半ば以降，発音が mu から m となり，さらに n に変わったので，後世「ん」とも書かれる〕 \n> 推量の助動詞。活用語の未然形に付く。 \n> ① **目前にないこと，まだ実現していないことについて予想し推量する意を表す。…であるだろう。…だろう。**\n> 「現（うつつ）にも夢にも我は思はずき古りたる君にここに逢はむとは／万葉集 2601」\n> 「我が背子が国へましなばほととぎす鳴かむ五月（さつき）はさぶしけむかも／万葉集 3996」 \n> ② 話し手自身の意志や決意を表す。…するつもりだ。…するようにしよう。 「見れど飽かぬ吉野の川の常滑（とこなめ）の絶ゆる事なくまたかへり見む／万葉集\n> 37」 「弓矢を取り立てむとすれども，手に力もなくなりて，萎えかかりたり／竹取」 \n> ③ 相手や第三者の行為を勧誘し，期待する意を表す。…してくれ。…してもらいたい。…すればよい。\n> 「逢ひ難き君に逢へる夜（よ）ほととぎす他（あた）し時ゆは今こそ鳴かめ／万葉集 1947」\n> 「若宮など生ひ出で給はば，さるべきついでもありなむ。命長くとこそ思ひ念ぜめ／源氏 桐壺」 「子といふものなくてありなん／徒然 6」 \n> ④ （連体形を用いて）実現していないことを仮定していうのに用いる。…であるようなものなら。…としたら。 「二人して打たむには，侍りなむや／枕草子 9」\n> 「年五十になるまで，上手に至らざらん芸をば捨つべきなり／徒然 151」 \n> ⑤（連体形を用いて）実現が可能だったり予想されたりするとき，推量する形で婉曲に述べるのに用いる。 「恋しからむをりをり，取りいでて見給へ／竹取」\n> 「これが花の咲かむ折は来むよ／更級」 〔 (1)\n> 上代では，形容詞活用にはその古い未然形語尾「け」に付く。「大魚（おうお）よし鮪（しび）突く海人（あま）よ其（し）が離（あ）ればうら恋（こお）しけむ鮪突く鮪／古事記\n> 下」 (2)\n> 現代語でも文語調の文章の中に「ん」の形で用いられる。「幸多からんことを祈る」「政治家たらんとする者は」「あらん限りの力」「まさに出発せんとする時」〕\n\nAnd た\n\n> た （ 助動 ） （ たろ ・○ ・た ・た ・たら ・○ ） \n> 〔古語の完了の助動詞「たり」の連体形「たる」からの転。中世以降の語〕 \n>\n> 動詞・形容詞・形容動詞および助動詞「れる・られる」「せる・させる」「ない」「たい」「らしい」「そうだ（様態）」「ようだ」「だ」「ます」「です」などの連用形に接続する。ただし，サ行以外の五段活用の動詞には，その音便の形に付く。また，ガ・ナ・バ・マの各行の五段活用の動詞に付く時は「だ」となる。 \n> ① **動作・作用が過去の事柄であることを表す。** 「大昔，この辺一帯は海だった」 「去年，北海道に移った弟が，先月帰ってきた」 \n> ② **動作・作用が完了したことを表す。** 「やっと手紙を書き終えました」 「飛行機は無事着陸した」 「日はすっかり沈んだ」 \n> ③ 物事が実現することを表す。 「何年ぶりかで当地方にも雪が降った」 「一番になった人には賞品をあげる」 「シャボン玉が屋根までとんだ」 \n> ④ 物事や事態の確認を表す。 「見ると，それは若いスマートな青年であった」 「国境の長いトンネルを抜けると雪国であった／雪国 康成」 \n> ⑤（連体形を用いて）動作・作用がすんで，その結果が状態として存在していることを表す。てある。ている。 「壁にかけた絵」 「弟の写した写真」\n> 「とがった鉛筆」 「整った身なり」 ⑥（終止形を用いて） \n> ㋐ 強い決意・断言や軽い命令などを表す。 「承知しました」 「わかった，わかった」 「邪魔になるから，そこをどいた」 \n> ㋑ 疑問・質問などをもちかけることを表す。 「今度の会合は何日でした」 「上りの列車は何時だった」 \n> ⑦ 仮定形「たら」は，接続助詞「ば」を伴わないで，それだけでも用いられる。 \n> ㋐ 仮定条件を表す。仮にそうであるならば。もしそうなったらば。 「雨が降ったら，中止にする」 「電話があったらメモしておいてくれ」\n> 「その本を読んだら早く返してくれ」 \n> ㋑ 未来の確定条件を表す。 「春になったら暖かくなる」 \n> ㋒ 遠回しに命令する意を表す。主として女性が用いる。 「早くお帰りになったら」 「後片付けだけはしといたら」\n\nI emphasized what I think is relevant. My question has a bit evolved since I\nstarted and I would like to know\n\n * whether the first sense of たろう is equivalent to たでしょう?\n * whether the second sense of たろう can be found in recent works (that do not try to sound ancient), if not what is an equivalent?",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "For what purposes is たろう used?",
"view_count": 1698
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{
"body": "As @mirka said in the comment, this is from an archaic affirmative auxiliary\nverb\n[たり](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/139245/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A/)\n(≒である), not the auxiliary verb た denoting past tense. And this う denotes\nsomeone's will (as in 学校に行こ **う** ). So basically it's a nuanced, literary\nversion of 天秤の計り手であろう (\"to be going to be a 計り手\").\n\nIn modern usage, I think the nuance of this kind of `(職業/身分) + たる` is\nsomething like \"behave properly as X\", \"a good X\", \"qualify as X\", etc., as\ndescribed in [this entry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/139292/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> 《文語の断定の助動詞「たり」の連体形》 \n> １ 資格を表す。…であるところの。「学生 **たる** もの、勉強すべきである」\n\n学生たるもの勉強すべき roughly means \"A _(good)_ student should study\".\n\nXたろう is not very common, but one can say, for example, （困難な状況で）紳士たろうとする, which\nmeans \"to try to behave properly as a gentleman\".",
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| 29356 | 29365 | 29365 |
{
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"body": "Just started learning Japanese and have question with the following sentence.\n\n> わたしはえをみるのがすきです\n\nDo I have to use の in this situation? Can I just say わたしはえをみるがすきです without the\nの？",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Question with this sentence わたしはえをみるのがすきです",
"view_count": 557
} | [
{
"body": "You seem to be a native English speaker, so try thinking about it this way.\n\nThe sentence could be roughly translated as follows.\n\n> I like looking at drawings.\n\nHowever, could you say the following?\n\n> I like look at drawings.\n\nNo. That is not valid English because you can only like a noun. \"looking\" is a\nnoun that represents an action.\n\nSimilarly, えをみる is a verb. You cannot like a verb, so you have to nominalize\nit (convert it to a noun). That is what the の is doing, and that is why it is\nnecessary.",
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| 29367 | null | 29368 |
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"body": "What is the difference between 殊{こと}に and 特{とく}に?\n\nI've looked around on goo, and weblio, and [this chiebukuro\nquestion](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1219628897),\nbut I just wanted to see if anyone had anymore further input on the difference\nbetween these two words and how they're used.\n\nThank you!",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 殊に and 特に?",
"view_count": 293
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{
"body": "IMO there is very little difference in what they mean but `殊に` is much more\nfancier than `特に`. `殊に` is almost never used in normal day to day speech, and\nis rarely used in written language.",
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{
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"body": "Just read [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29367/question-with-\nthis-\nsentence-%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9F%E3%81%97%E3%81%AF%E3%81%88%E3%82%92%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8C%E3%81%99%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99)\nand it reminded me of something I'd been meaning to ask.\n\n> 私、そんなに悪いことしてるおぼえないんだけど...\n>\n> I don't remember doing such bad things but...\n\nIs the lack of a nominaliser on してる an error in my book or is there a reason\nthis grammar is allowed? The book seems to be written in a very colloquial\nstyle so I was wondering if it's just natural but lazy Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T13:10:38.700",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Missing nominaliser in this sentence?",
"view_count": 296
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{
"body": "You're probably confused because it looks like two verbs together, してる and\n覚えない (neg. of 覚える)\n\nBut it's actually a relative clause ending in してる, modifying the noun 覚え, with\na particle (は or が) colloquially being dropped between 覚え and ない.\n\n[覚え](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A6%9A%E3%81%88-454303) as a noun here is\ndefinition 2 in this dictionary:\n\n> 記憶に残っている事柄。また、思い当たること。心覚え。「この顔には覚えがある」「身に覚えがない」\n\nSo `memory`, `recollection`, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T14:09:50.157",
"id": "29372",
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{
"body": "私、そんなに悪いことしてる **おぼえ** (は)ないんだけど.. I think you parse it now.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T14:13:35.730",
"id": "29373",
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}
]
| 29370 | 29372 | 29372 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29375",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"I'm writing **with** a pen\"\n\n\"I'm writing **with** a pencil\"\n\n\"I'm drawing **with** a blue crayon\"\n\nand so on.\n\n> ボールペン **で** かいています。\n\nor\n\n> ボールペン **を** かいています。\n\nor what do I use?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T13:20:02.527",
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"owner_user_id": "11758",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Which particle do I use to express using a writing instrument?",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "ボールペンで書{か}いています is correct で = \"by means of/with\" in this context.\n\nYour other sentence ボールペンをかいています would literally mean \"I am writing a pen\"\nwhich doesn't make any sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T15:01:57.687",
"id": "29375",
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| 29371 | 29375 | 29375 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29383",
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"body": "Context: A kid who is part of the Nanaya tribe is inside a dark forest when he\nsees a man with a red eye who looks like has gone mad and is standing in a\nfield.\n\n> 七夜では紅赤朱と口伝される。 \n> くれないせきしゅ。 \n> 一言にいえば極めて旧い、先祖 **還り** を **起こした** 混血の事を指す。 \n> 小我としてのリセイが大我としてのリセイに飲まれて正気ではなくなってしまった者の事だ。 赤い凶眼は、憑かれたモノの証だという。\n>\n> The red crimson has been made into Nanaya's popular tradition. \n> Deep crimson vermilion. \n> If I had to say it briefly it points to a very old mixed race which caused\n> the return to the ancestors. \n> Someone whose rationality has himself as been swallowed by a bigger\n> rationality. \n> They say that those red unlucky eyes are evidence of being possessed.\n\n一言にいえば極めて旧い、先祖還りを起こした混血の事を指す\n\nI do not understand this 起こした. Is it to awaken or to cause?\n\n先祖還り=\"Return of the ancestors\" or \"Return to the ancestors\"?\n\nを起こす=\"To cause something\" or \"To awake to something\" or \"To awaken something\"?\n\nEdit: \n先祖還り= Atavism \nSo I presume\n\n> 一言にいえば極めて旧い、先祖還りを起こした混血の事を指す\n\ncould be\n\n> If I had to say it briefly it points to a very old mixed race which awoke\n> its atavism.\n\nor\n\n> If I had to say it briefly it points to a very old mixed race which caused\n> atavism.\n\nWhich would be better?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T15:22:44.613",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Problems with 起こす and the suffix 還り",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "I think 起こす here is \"to cause/develop\" as in 心臓の発作を起こす or アレルギーを起こす. The noun\n還り (\"returning\") is not something that can sleep. If the phrase were\n(体内に眠っている)先祖の血を起こす, then _awake_ might be better.\n\nI read 先祖還り as 先祖 **に** 還ること (returning _to_ the ancestors). I think 先祖還り in\nthis context is someone being like his 先祖, not his 先祖 actually returning to\nlife having their own will.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T04:28:38.617",
"id": "29382",
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{
"body": "Here ~を起こす is a verb whose subject it is that goes through a change in state\nor an event denoted by its object.\n\nOften used in connection with medical conditions of some kind:\n\n(~の)発作を起こす：to have a fit (of ~) \n貧血を起こす：to have an attack of anemia \n脳内出血を起こす：suffer a cerebral hemorrhage \nヒステリーを起こす：to have a fit of hysteria; go hysteric\n\n混血 I think refers to an individual/individuals rather than a whole race; but\nit is seemingly modified by 極めて旧い(very old/antiquated), which is not a common\ndescriptor of a person. This creates a conundrum. One explanation is that\n極めて旧い in fact hitches only on the 先祖(ancestor) part of the word 先祖還り(return to\nancestor; atavism), with the result of 「旧い先祖・還り」(return to a very old\nancestor), which, though possibly an abomination to some minds, does make\nsense (kind of?) And that's what I went with for my translation attempt:\n\n> To put it in a few words, it refers to a mixed-blood that has undergone an\n> atavistic reversion to his/her ancient ancestor.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 29376 | 29383 | 29382 |
{
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"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n> 特別警報が出たときは、 **もう** 被害が出 **ている** かもしれないぐらい危険なときです。\n\nwhat is the meaning of もう?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-21T20:35:29.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29379",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect"
],
"title": "もう used with 〜ている",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "The meaning of もう in this sentence is `already`.",
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| 29379 | null | 29380 |
{
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"body": "From the grammar book I learned that when 自動詞 is being used as an adjective,\nit should change its form to the た形, for example:\n\n * 優れ{すぐれ} **た** 学生\n * 拗れ{こじれ} **た** 話し\n\nBut can I say 優れ **る** 学生 or 拗れ **る** 話し? Why?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T09:16:28.937",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-30T09:47:49.920",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"adjectives",
"tense"
],
"title": "Is た形 required when using 自動詞 as an adjective?",
"view_count": 407
} | [
{
"body": "These verbs are generally used in the past tense possibly through connotation\nof a static, perfective state. If you want to emphasize a present imperfective\naspect, such as when expressing a subjective opinion that you just came up\nwith that very moment, you can use 優れている. In this sense you can even use 優れていた\nif it happened in the past.\n\n * バルサに敗れたシメオネ、「彼らの方が優れていた」\n\nIndeed, the ている form is the most frequent when it is the main verb of the\nsentence, while the plain form often only appears directly modifying a noun.\n\nOther common verbs of this type include [似]{に}た, ありふれた and ばかげた.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T16:20:05.053",
"id": "29398",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-02-10T01:42:20.010",
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{
"body": "You can, but the meaning will change.\n\nBasically, you can use 辞書形 (dictionary), た形 (perfective), 可能形 (potential) verb\nphrases, and of course all of their negative forms, to modify a noun.\n\n * 【辞書形】飛ぶ{とぶ}豚{ぶた} _a pig that will fly_\n * 【た形】飛んだ豚 _a pig that flew_\n * 【可能形】飛べる豚 _a pig that can fly_\n\nA lot of other derivatives work too:\n\n * 【〜いる】飛んで **いる** 豚 _a pig that is flying_\n * 【〜しまう】飛んで **しまう** 豚 _a pig that flies unintentionally_\n * 【〜そうな】飛び **そうな** 豚 _a pig that seems like it's going to fly_ , etc.\n\nSo the meaning of your example will change accordingly: こじれ **た** 話 ( _a\nmatter that became complicated_ ) vs. こじれ **る** 話 ( _a matter that will become\ncomplicated_ ).\n\n* * *\n\n優れる is a verb that needs special attention though. The dictionary form will\nwant some kind of prepositional object. And when 優れる takes an object, it is\nmore commonly used in the continuous form.\n\n * 【た形】優れ **た** 学生 _an excellent student_\n * 【辞書形】優れ **る** 学生 ← unnatural \n * 【目的語+辞書形】 **スポーツに** 優れ **る** 学生 _a student who excels in sports_ ← OK\n * 【目的語+進行形】 **スポーツに** 優れ **ている** 学生 ← more common",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T16:20:13.177",
"id": "29399",
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| 29385 | null | 29399 |
{
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"body": "1. I can usually hear people say 'お金を貯めるために、アルバイトをする’, but if I use the 自動詞 '貯まる' instead of the 他動詞 in the sentence, like 'お金が貯まるために、アルバイトをする', is it also acceptable?\n\n 2. You know I have a big problem with using Japanese 自動詞 and 他動詞 properly, I always get confused with the differences between them. For instance, '車がへいに突き当たる’, in this phrase, the subject 'the car' has a direct action on the wall. Why is the verb '突き当たる' a 自動詞 and not a 他動詞?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T09:48:53.787",
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"id": "29386",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-23T22:33:35.377",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrases",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "I have some questions about transitivity: 貯める and 貯まる",
"view_count": 525
} | [
{
"body": "Let's see...\n\n 1. ~~Both are grammatically correct~~ This is wrong.See [Difference between ために and ように](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12450/difference-between-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB) \nbut still\n\n> a. お金を貯めるために、アルバイトをする。 \n> \"Do a part time job to save money.\"\n>\n> b. お金が貯まるために、アルバイトをする。 \n> \"Do a part time job so that money will be saved up.\"\n\n(b) gives a feeling that you don't have control over saving money; i.e., you\nstart part timing and hope money will pile up. This is not the case with (a).\n\n 2. It is \"The car crashed into the wall.\" and not \"The car crashed the wall.\" \n\nIn English, _crash_ is both transitive and intransitive:\n\n> \"MS Windows crashed.\" (Intransitive) \n> \"Buggy software crashed Windows.\" (Transitive)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T15:38:46.277",
"id": "29394",
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{
"body": "'お金を貯めるために、アルバイトをする’ is correct, but 'お金が貯まるために、アルバイトをする' is wrong. I don't\nknow it's because of grammar or just because of convention.\n\nYou can say with intransitive verb \"お金が貯まるようにアルバイトする。\".\n\nDifference between transitive and intransitive you may recognize with `lay`\nand `lie`.",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-24T00:34:37.267",
"id": "29427",
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"body": "There are two ways to express purposes, ''ために'' and ''ように'' you know, they are\ndistinguished clearly. \n \n''ために'' is used when you can do it by your intention.\n\n> 旅行に行くために、お金を貯める。 \n> お金を貯めるために、アルバイトをする。 \n> 風邪を治すために、寝ている。 \n> みんなに見せるために、大きく書く。\n\n_行く_ , _貯める_ , _治す_ , and _見せる_ are thought to be done by your will. \n \nThen, please look at examples below. ''ように'' is used when others or other\nthings do it, or you can't control it.\n\n> 旅行に行けるように、お金を貯める。 \n> お金が貯まるように、アルバイトをする。 \n> 風邪が治るように、寝ている。 \n> みんなに見えるように、大きく書く。\n\n_行ける_ , _貯まる_ , _治る_ , and _見える_ are not thought to be done by your will, so\n''ように'' is used. \n \nAlthough now you may think that ''貯める'' is always followed by ''ために'' not by\n''ように'', ''ように'' can also follow ''貯める''. \n\n> 彼がお金を貯める **ように** 、貯金箱を買ってあげた。 \n>\n\nYou can not control whether he saves money. So ''ように'' is used. \nIf you have him save money, you can say as below. \n\n> 彼にお金を貯めさせる **ために** 、貯金箱を買ってあげた。 \n> 彼にお金を貯めてもらう **ために** 、貯金箱を買ってあげた。",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-25T05:14:47.393",
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| 29386 | null | 29394 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29390",
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"body": "I've been trying to read a manga book and there's one bit that I can't get my\nhead around. The sentence:\n\n> もう二度{にど}と列車{れっしゃ}や車に **は** 乗{の} **らん**\n\nI'm fine with most of it but I'm confused about why the は exists and why the\nverb ends in らん. Please help me, thanks a lot :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T11:02:16.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29387",
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"last_editor_user_id": "888",
"owner_user_id": "11768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"colloquial-language",
"manga",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Trouble with もう二度と列車や車には乗らん",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "The person is declaring that he/she will `二度と列車や車に乗らない`.\n\n`もう`'s literal meaning is \"has gotten to the state\" (e.g. もう歩けない、もう食べれる), and\nhere it indicates that the speaker has gotten to the state that he/she will\nnever board a train or car (he/she \"had enough\").\n\nThe `は` specifies that he/she will **specifically** not board a train or car\n(while he/she might board other means of transport, like a ship or plane). It\nhas the effect of singling out trains and cars.\n\n`乗らん` is short for `乗らない` and shows some aggressiveness. Here it shows that he\nor she had enough of trains and cars and is angry enough to vow never to board\nthem again. (e.g. saying いらん、やらん sounds much more rude/strong than いらない、やらない）",
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T14:33:55.933",
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| 29387 | 29390 | 29390 |
{
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"body": "Here is the sentence relating to the questions.\n\n> こんなうすぎたねえ車の中で また おあいできる **とは思わなんだ** ぜ。\n\n1) Why is the 「は」included with the particle 「と」? I think only 「と」would be\nenough to be used with the verb 「思う」. Or the 「は」used for emphasizing?\n\n2) I think 「い」is missing to make the verb 「思う」 negative, becoming 「思わな **い**\nんだ」. Or is this an exceptional case or something of the verb conjugation?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T12:39:50.817",
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"id": "29388",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"particle-は",
"particle-と",
"negation"
],
"title": "Questions about 「とは」and 「思わなんだ」",
"view_count": 274
} | []
| 29388 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29396",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Okay, that may sound a little confusing, and no, not looking for the name of a\nzoo or theme park here XD\n\nEssentially, simply put, I'm writing a novel, and for that, building a world\naround it. Yes, there is no need for the Kanji - I am well aware of that, and\nyet, I feel like using kanji for specific phrases.\n\nMy story has several locations. Much like a heaven - earth - hell, except they\nare based on a reincarnation and enlightenment system instead of an afterlife\nbased on a moral judgement sort of thing. Those souls that achieve\nenlightenment and 'ascend' beyond their eternal cycle of death and rebirth in\nJinkai by discarding their current worldly attachments, go to Tenkai, where\ncelestials and other deities live. And \"hell\" is fully inhabited by demons,\nnot inherently evil, merely fundamentally different to those that live on\n\"earth\". Yes, sinners and saints don't matter in this universe. Morality is a\nhuman construct (at least in this story if you would disagree on that, as I\nreally don't want to be dragged into a meaningless debate).\n\nAnyways, the three worlds are as such:\n\nTenkai - Celestial World (天界)\n\nNingenkai/Jinkai - Human World (人界/人間界)\n\nMakai - Demon World (魔界)\n\nParticularly, using Yōkai instead of another phrase for Demon, such as Akuma,\nas that would be more 'Devil' I believe, and would have more 'Evil'\nconnotations. I thought of using Mazoku, except that implies 'Demon Race', as\nin a singular species. I want 'Demons' in Makai to be the equivalent of all\n'Organisms' on \"Earth\", as opposed to merely being the opposite of Humans.\n(But, I would **very** much appreciate if someone could provide a general term\nas such to use the would imply Demons - or even something like \"Others\" as in\nfundamentally different from Earth's inhabitants, as Yōkai's meaning is closer\nto ghosts and strange apparitions.)\n\n**As such, here I come to the crux of the matter.** Particularly, the naming\nof the Human World. I believe that sounds rather pretentious, as Humans alone\nare not the inhabitants of Earth. Yes, they are the apex predators and all\nthat, but to keep Makai and Jinkai parallel while giving the impression that\nMakai is not of only one species, but composed of several diverse set of\nbeings that are merely fundamentally different to all creatures on earth. As 魔\n(Demon) is up to interpretation, it does not have the same problem. For\nexample, there would be demonic equivalents of dogs and bacteria as well, on\nMakai.\n\nSo, is there another prefix I could use, instead of Jin or Ningen, that would\nimply all the known organisms on earth (animals inclusive of humans at least,\n**preferably** others outside the animalia kingdom as well, such as\nmicroorganisms)? I would also like it if it is simpler in terms of the number\nof syllables, even if the term itself is particularly obscure.\n\nI understand this is a very tall order, on top of a very lengthy request. I\nthink the above would be important context as to understand the exact\nimplications of my query. If not, I apologize for the long read, so thanks for\nat least putting up with me XD Thanks in advance for the assistance as well,\nif I may be so forward as to presume as such? :D",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T13:20:55.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29389",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-22T13:29:18.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "11769",
"owner_user_id": "11769",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"kanji",
"word-requests",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What would be the most apt word in kanji, for \"Animal world\"?",
"view_count": 724
} | [
{
"body": "This is definitely a difficult question to answer. It might be smart to do\nsome research into religious terms (i.e. Buddhism) where they take in to\nconsideration that there are other worlds than our own. Otherwise you could go\nmore biological in your approach. For example organism world: **生物界** (living\ncreature world) or **生体界** (living body world).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T14:53:46.100",
"id": "29392",
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},
{
"body": "**人間界** is very commonly used for this purpose, and I recommend you accept\nthis term unless you really have a good reason. 人間界 just means \"the world\nwhere humans exist\", and everyone understands that there are also other\nanimals, plants and bacteria and so on in 人間界. Another good option is **地上界**\n( _Chijōkai_ , lit. \"the world on the Earth\") if your other two worlds are not\non our planet. **自然界** ( _Shizenkai_ , lit. \"the world of nature\") may be\nanother option, but in many works of fiction 自然界 can be an opposing concept of\n人間界 (for example in movies like _Lion King_ or _Princess Mononoke_ ), so\nyou'll have to explain your definition of 自然界. 動物界 would be the literal\ntranslation of \"Animal World\", but it obviously doesn't meet your requirement.\n\nI think **魔界** is OK as long as this is the term named by humans, and humans\nare more or less afraid of the beings living there. Residents in 魔界 (ie 魔物/魔族)\nare not necessarily evil in many works, and in some cases [humans and 魔物 live\nhappily together](http://www.dragonquest.jp/dqm2/) even though they're still\ncalled 魔物 from 魔界. (Think of _Monsters Inc._ , though I don't know whether\ntheir world is actually called 魔界 in the movie)\n\nBut if you want to avoid the \"evil\" and \"dark\" connotation of 魔界, I also\nrecall seeing **冥界** ( _Meikai_ ) and **幽界** ( _Yūkai_ ) several times, both\nof which don't have a fixed definition and just feel like \"yet another\ndifferent world which is not bound to flesh\" to me. Please try Google Image\nSearch before accepting any of these. Another option might be **異界** ( _Ikai_\n, lit \"different world\") if you really want to emphasize the \"parallel\"\nnuance. This essentially just means parallel world in general, but I think you\ncan determine to use it as a proper noun in your novel.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T15:41:26.937",
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| 29389 | 29396 | 29396 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29400",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 山田さんの声が後ろから **降ってきた** のだ。 \n> 山田's voice _came falling_ from behind.\n\nWhat is the nuance implied by 降る here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T14:40:03.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29391",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-22T14:54:29.530",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of 降ってくる when talking about voice",
"view_count": 227
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. 後ろから山田さんの声がしたのだ。\n> 2. 後ろから山田さんの声が聞こえたのだ。\n> 3. 後ろから山田さんの声が降ってきたのだ。\n>\n\nPutting aside the fact that the sentence 3 is uncommon and a bit literary, the\nsemantic nuance of the sentence 3, if any, is that the voice came\n_unexpectedly and suddenly_.\n\nA figurative expression \"空から降ってきたような話\" means \"sudden and unexpected offer\".\nThere's an idiomatic phrase\n[降って湧く](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/195911/meaning/m0u/) which means\n\"(something) happens suddenly and unexpectedly\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"id": "29400",
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| 29391 | 29400 | 29400 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29397",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 奉納とは 神仏に喜んで納めてもらうために物品を供えたり、その前で芸能・競技などを行ったりすること。\n\n(from\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/202399/meaning/m0u/%E5%A5%89%E7%B4%8D/))\n\nIt seems to make sense without 納める. What meaning does it add / how is it used\nhere?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T15:41:01.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29395",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-22T16:00:32.423",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "How is 納める used here?",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "This 納める is a verb which means \"(for 神仏) to receive\". It's definition 2 in\n[this entry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/30841/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> ２ 金や物などを受け取って自分のものとする。手に入れる。受納する。獲得する。 **「薄志ですが、―・めてください」**\n> 「勝利を―・める」「手中に―・める」\n\nSo \"神仏に喜んで納めてもらうために\" means \"so that 神仏 receive them delightedly.\"\n\nNote that 納める also means \"to offer\", \"to pay\" or \"to put in\" in most cases\n(see definitions 1 and 3). Perhaps it's an example of [auto-\nantonym](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-antonym). This (\"神仏が物品を納める\") is an\nexample of the less common usage of the verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T16:00:32.423",
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| 29395 | 29397 | 29397 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was asked by my teacher to email a Japanese student and remind her that we\nhave an activity tomorrow. I am not sure of the structure used to state such a\nphrase.\n\nMy attempt: こんにちはMさん！ 先生は私がMさんと明日の活動を確認しますと聞きました。 よろしくお願いします！\n\nBecause I don't want her to think that I'm a weird creeper, I'm trying to say\nthat the teacher asked me to confirm with her.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T21:45:27.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29402",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-22T21:51:34.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "10587",
"owner_user_id": "10587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "How would you say, \"I am emailing you to confirm/remind you of the activity tomorrow\"?",
"view_count": 1541
} | [
{
"body": "I'd write:\n\n「こんにちはMさん、先生に頼まれて明日の予定を覚えてるかの確認のメールを送らせてもらってます。返信よろしくお願いします。」\n\nor you can use the word \"リマインダー\" like:\n\n「こんにちはMさん、先生に頼まれて明日の予定のリマインダーを送っています。返信よろしくお願いします。」\n\nMaybe some people don't know the word.\n\nHow to write, especially how polite should do you write depends on the\nrelationship of people, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T07:45:47.990",
"id": "29415",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11556",
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| 29402 | null | 29415 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example in this sentence\n\n> 「―――いえ。 **誰にも遠野くんは傷つけさせません** 。 それだけは信じてください」\n> ……というか、そんな事より旅費とかパスポートとかを心配してしまう自分の小市民ぶりが情けない。\n\nor this one\n\n> 「……兄さん。秋葉にとって、兄さんは本当に一番大切な人だった。 だって、どんなに焦がれていても、それが手に入らないなら目障りなだけでしょう？」\n>\n> 「―――だから、殺してあげますね兄さん。一番大切なモノだったから、 **貴方は他の誰にも傷つけさせません** 」\n\nShould the を particle be used here? I was taught that in the causative form it\nwas the topic who made に do the action on an object を, at least if the verb is\ntransitive in its original form.\n\nIsn't here the verb 傷つける which is transitive?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-22T21:58:11.310",
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"id": "29403",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-を",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causative を and は, are they interchangable?",
"view_count": 284
} | [
{
"body": "> A. 誰{だれ}にも遠{とお}野{の}くん **は** 傷{きず}つけさせません。 \n> B. 貴方{あなた} **は** 他{ほか}の誰{だれ}にも傷{きず}つけさせません。\n\nThe plain forms of these sentences are as below.\n\n> A'. 誰{だれ}にも遠{とお}野{の}くん **を** 傷{きず}つけさせません。 \n> B'. 貴方{あなた} **を** 他{ほか}の誰{だれ}にも傷{きず}つけさせません。\n\nWhen you add the particle は to を, を is almost always omitted, only は is spoken\nor written. In old Japanese, _をば_ was used in the case, you may seldom see it\nnowadays. \n \n\nThe particle は is not only used for the topic marker, but also used for\nemphasis. \nは being used for emphasis, you can give an implied hint that others may be\ndifferent from what は mentions. \nFor example, A suggests indirectly that someone except for 遠{とお}野{の}くん may be\ninjured, while A' doesn't have any contrast or comparison between 遠{とお}野{の}くん\nand others.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T05:20:39.763",
"id": "29413",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-23T13:00:14.980",
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| 29403 | null | 29413 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29405",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the function of both of the のか's in this sentence?\n\n> 現代の私達にとって古代エジプトが一体どんな関係がある **のか** 、突き詰めて言えば考古学というのが一体役に立つ **のか**\n> 、というふうに思っている方がいるかもしれません。\n\nSource: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xs-XWk_oQA> 0:28\n\nBelow is the English translation from this source, but I feel like some of the\nmeaning is simplified:\n\n\"Some people may wonder how ancient Egypt is relevant for our lives today.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-22T22:56:28.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29404",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-22T23:20:56.087",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-22T23:14:44.517",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"questions",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "What is the function of both of the のか's in this sentence",
"view_count": 68
} | [
{
"body": "These two phrases are actually separate complete sentences:\n\n> 現代の私達にとって古代エジプトが一体どんな関係があるのか \n> 突き詰めて言えば考古学というのが一体役に立つのか\n\nBoth of them are being quoted by the following phrase:\n\n> というふうに思っている方がいるかもしれません。\n\n方 in this case is かた, a polite way to say person/people. It is quoting the\nfirst two phrases as examples of things people might say.\n\nの at the end of a sentence adds the sense of giving or asking for an\nexplanation. か of course makes it a question, but it can also be used to list\npossibilities.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 29404 | 29405 | 29405 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29416",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How to use Japanese causative sentences to say the following?\n\n> He had me not wash the dishes.\n\nI believe that \"彼は私に皿を洗わせませんでした。\" is not the answer because its translation\nbecomes \"He has not made me wash the dishes.\".",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-23T00:01:55.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29406",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-11-23T00:21:36.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"causation"
],
"title": "Is it possible to use causative sentences to say \"not to do\"?",
"view_count": 622
} | [
{
"body": "Direct translation of \"He had me not wash the dishes.\" is, as you wrote\n\"彼は私に皿を洗わせませんでした。\". That is correct.\n\nBut it's bit awkward for me, I real situation he stopped me to wash dishes\nbecause I wanted to wash. That was indicated, isn't it?\n\nFor me \"彼は私に皿を洗わせてくれませんでした。\" sounds more natural.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T01:55:55.603",
"id": "29411",
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},
{
"body": "Using the terms from snailboat's link:\n\n * **Not [force doing]** \n_He didn't have me wash the dishes (but I washed them because I was bored)._ \nSimilar to → He did not force me to wash the dishes.\n\n * **Force [not doing]** \n_He had me not wash the dishes (because I'm really clumsy)_. \nSimilar to → He forced me to not wash the dishes.\n\nVerbs in the form 〜せなかった/〜せませんでした are ambiguous and can work for both of these\ntwo meanings. It will only mean one or the other depending on the context. You\nwill need to rephrase it if you want to be absolutely clear. There are many\noptions, but just to give a few:\n\n * **Not [force doing]**\n * 洗わせることはしなかった\n * 洗えとは言わなかった\n * 洗わせようとはしなかった\n * **Force [not doing]**\n * 洗うことを許さなかった\n * 洗うことを禁じた\n * 洗わないように指示した",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-23T08:49:33.093",
"id": "29416",
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| 29406 | 29416 | 29416 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29445",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was looking up some examples using 夫婦 and I came across this:\n\n夫婦の契り translated on [alc](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%A5%91%E3%82%8A) as\n\"marriage bed\".\n\nNo problem, but then I looked as 契り by itself. On WWWJDIC there are 3\ndefinitions:\n\n> (1) pledge; vow; promise; \n> (2) (of a man and woman) having sexual relations; having sexual\n> intercourse; \n> (3) destiny; fate; karma\n\nWhat I am looking for is examples or how to understand the meaning of 契り for\nthe third definition. \nAnd is there any connection between this definition and the other two, or\ncompletely separate?\n\nOn this goo\n[page](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/all/%E5%A5%91%E3%82%8A/m1u/) it lists\na definition meaning one's destiny between lives, but beyond that was not\nhelpful.\n\nMaybe something like good karma is derived from following (1) and (2)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-23T00:39:06.893",
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"owner_user_id": "3169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Usage of 契り when meaning destiny/fate/karma",
"view_count": 334
} | [
{
"body": "IMHO main meaning of 契り is \"promise\". And sex is the promise of marriage. And\nkarma, because they made the promise in the past life of them.\n\nBy the way, I rarely see that 契り is used as the meaning of destiny.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-23T01:50:47.423",
"id": "29410",
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{
"body": "The meaning of 契り for the third definition implies the promise that will\nhappen unavoidably to someone. Probably it should be understood as the\ncommitment ( relation) or vow. Perhaps you can see 契り on the name of wedding\nring pairs, title of video game or film, like ペアリング 運命の契り ( a name of ring).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T03:16:47.713",
"id": "29412",
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{
"body": "契り is almost always used in the first or second sense today, so let's check\n[学研古語辞典](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E5%A5%91%E3%82%8A):\n\n> ② **前世からの約束** 。宿縁。因縁。 \n> [出典]源氏物語 桐壺 「前（さき）の世にも **御ちぎり** や深かりけむ、世になく清らなる玉の男御子（をのこみこ）さへ生まれ給（たま）ひぬ」 \n> [訳] 前の世においてもご宿縁が深かったのであろうか、この世にまたとなく気品があって美しい玉のような男の御子までもお生まれになった。\n>\n> * [参考] 平安時代は、前世の因縁によってこの世のあり方が決まるという、仏教の因果応報の思想が盛んであった。②には、そのような、\n> **すでに前世から定まっていて人の力ではどうにもならない、現世に対する拘束力** という意味合いがこめられている\n>\n\nAnd see this [question](http://soudan1.biglobe.ne.jp/qa5649366.html).\n\n[This article\n(PDF)](http://ypir.lib.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp/bg/file/1220/20100125181919/BG30005000002.pdf)\nseems to explain how 契り was used in 源氏物語. 源氏物語 is a novel written more than\n1000 years ago, and the word 契り was used over 100 times throughout the novel\nas a synonym of the Buddism concept 宿縁 (≒destiny, karma).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T02:58:38.613",
"id": "29445",
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| 29407 | 29445 | 29410 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29414",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both words mean _she_ , but what's the difference, how should I use them?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T01:27:44.143",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between あれ and 彼女？",
"view_count": 250
} | [
{
"body": "No, あれ means basically \"That\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T01:42:33.933",
"id": "29409",
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"body": "あれ does not technically mean _she_.\n\nThere is a very peculiar way of informal communication that allows あれ to stand\nin for basically anything. If you can't recall the right word, or you don't\nfeel like saying it explicitly, or you are pretty sure the other person will\nunderstand in context, you can fall back to ridiculous sentences like:\n\n * ちょっと、 **あれ** を **あれ** してくるね \n_I'll just go [verb] the [noun]._\n\n * そういう言い方は **あれ** だと思う \n_That's a [negative adjective] way of putting it._\n\n * **あれ** やっておいた？ \n_Did you do [task]?_\n\nIt is only in this roundabout way that some men sometimes refer to their\nsignificant others as あれ. Often it seems to be that they are not comfortable\nsaying the word 彼女/妻/嫁 etc. out loud, especially in front of their buddies.\n\n * **あれ** がうるさいから飲みに行けない \n_I can't join you for drinks because my [wife/girlfriend] is nagging._\n\n * **あれ** とはもう10年になります \n_We've been together for ten years now._\n\nSo to answer your question “How should I use them?”, I suggest that you\n**not** refer to fellow humans as あれ.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T07:40:31.680",
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]
| 29408 | 29414 | 29414 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 秋葉はシキから、何かの悪霊じみたモノを受け継いでしまった。 簡単に言うと、ソレは秋葉に移った時点でとても薄くなっていて、\n> **秋葉の性格が少し強気になる程度の影響で収まった、というのだ** 。 \n> それが原因で秋葉は暴走してしまったワケだけど、あの一件の後、秋葉はソレの手綱を握ってしまったらしい。 \n> ……強気というよりはいじわるになった、というのが正しいと思うのだが、本人に言うと怒るのでやめておく。\n>\n> Akiha inherited from Shiki something like an evil spirit. \n> To put it simply, when it transferred into Akiha it faded and the influence\n> on her personality was that she became a little more confident and nothing\n> else. (lit it calmed down). \n> That was the cause for her reckless behaviour but, after that incident she\n> put it under control. \n> I should say that she did not become more confident but more bullish, that\n> would be correct I think but, if I said that to her she would get mad so I\n> gave up on that.\n\nI am not sure if I am understanding how 程度 works. It's a noun and I think it\nworks this way.\n\n簡単に言うと、ソレは秋葉に移った時点でとても薄くなっていて、[[ **秋葉の性格が少し強気になる** ]> **程度** の影響で収まった]、というのだ。 \nSo all those things in the [] modifies 程度 which refers to 影響.\n\n影響 can mean influence or effect. What I do not understand is if it should be\ntranslated like.\n\nThe degree of the influence of the spirit was so little that it only made her\na little more confident and it stopped there\n\nor\n\nHer personality become a little more confident to the degree that she was able\nto calm it down.\n\nSo how does it work?\n\nCould I use ほど or ぐらい instead?\n\n> 簡単に言うと、ソレは秋葉に移った時点でとても薄くなっていて、 **秋葉の性格が少し強気になる程の影響で収まった** 、というのだ。\n>\n> 簡単に言うと、ソレは秋葉に移った時点でとても薄くなっていて、 **秋葉の性格が少し強気になるぐらいの影響で収まった** 、というのだ。\n\nI know that 程度 is a noun ほど and ぐらい can be particles and nouns if I am not\nwrong. What are the different nuances?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T17:52:36.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29417",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-14T07:18:34.170",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-23T22:41:27.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "程度, 程,ぐらい differences, nuances",
"view_count": 796
} | [
{
"body": "程度 has the most neutral nuance of the three and is open to the widest range of\ninterpretations. It can be substituted for either, but most often it is seen\nas closer to ぐらい, as neither implies a subjective view that the extent is seen\nas large or small. The difference is that ぐらい is associated with some form of\nuncertainty, while 程度 on its own is not.\n\nほど \"to the point that...\" implies the upper limit of the extent, so it would\nbe more logical to use some conjunction between the two phrases to suggest why\nit is relevant here to remark on the magnitude of 影響:\n\n * ソレは秋葉に移った時点でとても薄くなっていたが、秋葉の性格が少し強気になる程の影響で収まった",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-11-23T21:35:44.733",
"id": "29425",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-23T21:35:44.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11489",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "They are synonyms by themselves, but have different nuances when used as\nformal nouns (though all translated as \"to the degree\").\n\n * _X_ **程度** の～: suggests the degree of _X_ is **smaller** in magnitude, amount, seriousness etc. than you expected\n\n * _X_ **程** の～: opposed to 程度の; the degree is **bigger** in physical or mental impact than you expected\n\n * _X_ **ぐらい（くらい）** の～: **neutral** about _X_ 's significance relative to your expectation\n\nSo, in this case, since 収まる implies \"don't go any severer\", 程度 and くらい would\nfit well, but 程 would sound awkward.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-14T07:18:34.170",
"id": "39189",
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}
]
| 29417 | null | 39189 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29422",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> その表情から察する **に** 魔剣を所持している人は少ないみたいだ。\n\nI'm having trouble figuring out what に does here. Does it have the same\nmeaning as と?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T18:52:18.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29418",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-08T12:37:04.960",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-08T12:37:04.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "What does the に do in 表情から察するに?",
"view_count": 602
} | [
{
"body": "That's right. This kind of `に` won't always be replaceable with `と`, but in\nyour case it basically is.\n\nFrom [デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AB/):\n\n> ［接助］活用語の連体形に付く。 \n> **１** あとの叙述の前置きとして続ける意を表す。…と。…ところ。 \n> 「考えてみる **に** 庶民のための政治は当分望めそうにない」\n\nThe `に` marks a lead-in to the main point which follows.\n\n * その表情から察するに〜 _Judging from the expression…_\n * 私が思うに〜 _The way I think of it…_\n * 彼が言うに〜 _According to him…_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T20:13:15.953",
"id": "29422",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-23T20:13:15.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "888",
"parent_id": "29418",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 29418 | 29422 | 29422 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29420",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a difference on how these two words should be used? I see 「牛肉{ぎゅうにく}」\nused a lot more than 「ビーフ」, but I'm wondering if there is a certain context\nfor each of the two words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T19:17:11.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29419",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-13T13:08:19.417",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-13T13:08:19.417",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11631",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"food"
],
"title": "Difference between ビーフ and 牛肉",
"view_count": 230
} | [
{
"body": "牛肉 is used nearly universally, but use ビーフ on a case-by-case basis where you\nknow the name of the food uses this instead (ビーフ is often favored in names of\ndishes).\n\n* * *\n\nThe two words are interchangeable in meaning, but that doesn't go to say that\nthey're interchangeable in speech. Both ビーフ and 牛肉 mean the same thing, but\nthese are used differently.\n\nFor the most part, 牛肉 is the standard word for cow meat (i.e. beef). At shops,\nin cooking books and so on, this is more common in the _general_ sense.\n\nIn a non-general sense, ビーフ very often appears in names of dishes or types of\nbeef. For example\n\n> 神戸ビーフ\n>\n> ビーフシチュー\n>\n> ローストビーフ\n\nBeef is restricted in usage mostly to names of foods, but never used commonly\nto refer to cow meat in general, for which 牛肉 is standard.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T19:42:49.443",
"id": "29420",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-23T19:42:49.443",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9185",
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{
"body": "While the meanings are practically identical, ビーフ is used more commonly for\nrestaurant menu, such as ビーフシチュー and ビーフカレー.\n\nIf you want to express the same thing using 牛肉, you cannot simply use 牛肉シチュー -\nthat's unnatural grammatically - but you have to say 牛肉のシチュー. Same goes for\n〜カレー and other types of food involving beef.\n\nThat said, in both cases, the ビーフ prefix is more commonly used when\nconjugating with Katakana related to food, according to personal experience\nand google number of search results.\n\nHowever, this is only for the case with 牛肉. When 牛 is used alone - such as in\nfood like 牛丼 and 牛カツ - it is very common, and what I have said above may not\napply.\n\nLikewise goes for conjugation/usage with non-foodstuff - 牛肉 is more likely to\nbe used. In this case, even for Katakana, for example 牛肉アレルギー.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T19:45:31.757",
"id": "29421",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-23T19:45:31.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9861",
"parent_id": "29419",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 29419 | 29420 | 29421 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29424",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 関口やナベちゃんに「そんなとこ、ボッと立っ **てんな** よ」と言われたことを思いだし、情けなさそうにうなずいた。 \n> He recalled being told by 関口やナベ that ??? and bowed his head miserably.\n\nTo be honest, I'm stuck on everything in the quotes (something about\nblushing?) but, in particular I'm puzzled about the んな part in bold after the\nte-form verb. I'm guessing it's a contraction of たってのな but I've never seen\nthat before either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T20:41:59.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29423",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-23T20:46:37.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Meaning of んな after verb in て form",
"view_count": 2037
} | [
{
"body": "It's a contraction of ～ているな. The な here means 'don't', as a negative\nimperative. 「ボッと立ってんなよ」 means 「ボッと立っているなよ」 'Don't just stand there dazed.'",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-23T20:46:37.147",
"id": "29424",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-23T20:46:37.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "29423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 29423 | 29424 | 29424 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29429",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> で、そのときに私がいつも思い出す **のが** 、映画『シンドラーのリスト』 **のある** 場面です。ご覧になった方いますか？シンドラーのリスト。 \n> (Source: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xs-XWk_oQA> at 0:47)\n\nCan anyone shed some light on the uses of のが and のある in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T01:42:52.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29428",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T03:30:56.100",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-24T02:13:25.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "11732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "Need help with のが and のある in this sentence",
"view_count": 1798
} | [
{
"body": "そのときに私がいつも思い出す _のが_ = **What** comes up to my mind whenever in the situation\nlike this,\n\nのある = \"の” + \"ある\" = **a** scene **of** a movie \"Schindler's list\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T03:30:56.100",
"id": "29429",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T03:30:56.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11556",
"parent_id": "29428",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 29428 | 29429 | 29429 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29439",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The [slogan](https://tokyo2020.jp/jp/news/index.php?mode=page&id=273) of the\n2020 Olympics in Japan is\n\n> 未来{あした} をつかもう (Discover tomorrow)\n\nWhy is it read as あした？ I did not find a standardised dictionary with that\nreading, however I found あす as a reading in a\n[dictionary](http://name.m3q.jp/list?s=%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5&g=2) for names. It\nseems it would be the same if it were 明日, but I still don't understand.\n\nIf it's for an aesthetic reason, does that mean I could put 'beautiful'\nreadings onto Kanji I like? (Of course, only to a degree that is)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T10:04:13.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29431",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-21T00:34:43.480",
"last_edit_date": "2021-07-21T00:34:43.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "11253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"copywriting",
"creative-furigana"
],
"title": "Why is 未来 read as あした?",
"view_count": 1241
} | [
{
"body": "明日 can be read あす or あした. \nあした is used in conversation, while あす is used in writing. But natives don't\ndistinguish them.\n\nIn recent popularity, in order to emphasize the word we intentionally read\nwords not in the correct pronunciation that the writing usually demands.\n\nE.g. 本気 is correctly read as ほんき, but we see 本気{マジ} with マジ assigned as its\nreading sometimes.\n\nSo for no special reason, we read 未来 (future) as あした (tomorrow); this implies\na bright future. This reading contains the meaning that it is not the _far_\nfuture but the near (nearness implied by 'tomorrow') bright future that we can\nreach.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T11:00:04.047",
"id": "29432",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T15:23:27.367",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-25T15:23:27.367",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "明日 can be read as either あす or あした. あした is more common in speech, while あす is\nmore common in prose (like poetry) and formal documents, as well as older\ntexts.\n\n未来 is normally read as みらい (音読み) of course, and occasionally みく (訓読み).\nPoetically, it's also あす, as you point out, but this is uncommon. As in\nEnglish, \"tomorrow\" is being used to mean \"the future\", as in phrases like\n\"the world of tomorrow\".\n\nIn this case, あした is applied more stylistically than anything else, and if\nthere weren't the furigana above the characters I doubt anybody would read it\nthat way. It's not uncommon for kanji to be given one-off stylistic readings\nthat are non-standard. For example:\n\n> とある魔術の禁書目録{インデックス}, a popular anime and manga\n>\n> 泥棒{あなた}は信用出来ない (from the question linked below)\n\n[Why do some kanji have furigana that are not valid\nreadings?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5565/why-do-some-\nkanji-have-furigana-that-are-not-valid-readings) discusses a very similar\nsituation.\n\nIn this case too, reading 未来 as あした is stylistic rather than standard, used\nfor artistic and advertising effect. Plus, it stands out as memorable as all\nslogans should. It's suggesting \"world of tomorrow\" (i.e. the future) in the\npoetic sense, just as is seen in other languages like French and English (just\nnot in common speech because it sounds too ridiculous).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T20:22:14.807",
"id": "29439",
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"parent_id": "29431",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29431 | 29439 | 29432 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29507",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "First: When you call a young boy ぼく, is it LH or HL?\n\nSecond: When do boys saying 僕 move from LH to HL?\n\nThird: When voice actors voice young characters, do they use HL or LH?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T12:21:56.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29435",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-28T15:29:33.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Questions regarding the pitch accent of 僕",
"view_count": 610
} | [
{
"body": "I hear both ぼく{HL} and ぼく{LH} for a first personal pronoun even only in Tokyo,\nso you can use either one you like. I actually use ぼく{HL} more frequently than\nぼく{LH}, but I DO pronounce ぼく{LH} occasionally. \n \nAs I feel both of them are pronounced regardless of age, I cannot declare\nwhich a voice actor voices. \n \nぼく{HL} seems to be used more often than ぼく{LH} when you call a young boy. \n\nFurthermore, I looked up 僕 in accent dictionaries which tell us the pitch\naccent of many words in or around Tokyo. Each dictionary indicates two ways of\naccent, the left ones are considered to be more general than the right ones\nbelow. \nI will omit the names and the authors of dictionaries, if you want to know I\nwill add them as a comment.\n\n> * ぼく{HL}; ぼく{LH} (1932)\n> * ぼく{LH}; ぼく{HL} (1951)\n> * ぼく{HL}; ぼく{LH} (1960)\n> * ぼく{HL}; ぼく{LH} (1966)\n> * ぼく{HL}; 《新》ぼく{LH} (1981)\n>\n\nThe dictionaries say there have been two ways of _僕_ for at least 80 years.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-28T04:52:32.533",
"id": "29507",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-28T15:29:33.500",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-28T15:29:33.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "11654",
"owner_user_id": "11654",
"parent_id": "29435",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 29435 | 29507 | 29507 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29443",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is a relative possible with the passive form?\n\n> 誰もが残された時間を、駆け抜けて、過ぎていく。\n\nIs this indirect passive? How would I make 誰もが残された時間 not relative?\n\n> 誰もが残された時間\n>\n> 誰もが時間を残された\n\nI also would like to add another question because it seems I am lost. I\nthought in Japanese what comes before a verb refers to it, then that verb\nmodifies a noun that comes after it.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 僕が彼にくれたペンで書いた手紙をメールで彼女に届いた。\n>\n> [[僕が彼にくれた]ペンで書いた]手紙をメールで彼女に届いた。\n\nIn this example 僕が彼にくれた modifies ペン and 僕が彼にくれたペンで書いた modifies 手紙. Am I wrong?\n\nI really do not understand what modifies what in Japanese apparently -- my\nprevious idea doesn't work with sentences like the original example. Could\nsomebody explain this to me?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T14:47:13.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29436",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T01:44:03.920",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"relative-clauses",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Relative and passive and how to parse sentences",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "It's 誰もが駆け抜けて過ぎていく (\"everyone rushes away and goes past\"), and 残された時間 (\"time\nleft\") is [where it happens](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21313/5010).\n誰もが時間を残された makes little sense unless\n[迷惑の受け身](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1777/5010) is intended, and the\nnoun clause 誰もが残された時間 also makes little or no sense to me. The normal way to\nsay \"time left for everyone\" is 誰も **に** 残された時間. (eg 私に残された時間は少ない。 = There is\nlittle time left for me.)\n\nAs for the other question, first, 手紙を届いた is ungrammatical because 届く is\nintransitive. 届ける is the transitive counterpart. [僕が彼にくれた sounds\nstrange](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25535/5010) too, and this part\nshould be either 僕が彼に **あげた** ペン (the pen I gave to him) or **彼が僕に** くれたペン\n(the pen he gave to me). Oh, and you should use 郵便 instead of メール, because メール\nusually refers to emails.\n\n> 彼が僕にくれたペンで書いた手紙を郵便で彼女に届けた。\n\nNow this sentence is simple to me. As you suggest, 彼に僕にくれた modifies ペン and\n彼が僕にくれたペンで書いた modifies 手紙.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T01:37:14.673",
"id": "29443",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T01:44:03.920",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29436",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 29436 | 29443 | 29443 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [the Progressive Japanese-English\ndictionary](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E6%93%8D%E7%B8%A6):\n\n> 彼を操縦するなど **わけはない** \n> I can easily twist [wind] him around [((英)) round] my little finger.\n\nCan you please tell me what わけはない means in this sentence? Thank you",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T19:43:13.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29437",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T23:29:05.193",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-24T22:41:31.147",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-は",
"negation",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "understanding the meaning of わけはない",
"view_count": 323
} | [
{
"body": "It uses the second definition at\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/wakeganai):\n\n> 2. easy; simple\n>\n\nIt is also the second definition at\n[dictonary.goo.ne.jp/jn](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/237973/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%8F%E3%81%91%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/):\n\n> ２ 簡単である。手数がかからない。\n\nIn the sentence you provided, the particle が is changed to は.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T22:55:11.247",
"id": "29442",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-24T22:55:11.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9981",
"parent_id": "29437",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 29437 | null | 29442 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29444",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't catch the grammar of the following sentence\n\n> 今なら嫉妬で100人は殺{ヤ}れますよ。\n\nIn the previous text there was no reference to 100人. What is the function of は\nhere? Is it a contrastive marker used instead of を?\n\nWhat is the meaning of the sentence?\n\n> Now I am so jealous that I am able to kill at least 100 men.\n\nAm I right?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-24T19:57:31.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29438",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T14:34:04.007",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T14:34:04.007",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9576",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Does は mean 'at least' in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1942
} | [
{
"body": "You're correct, this kind of は means \"at least\".\n\n * 3個は食べられる。 I can eat at least three.\n * ここに3人はいる。 There are at least three people here.\n * 3時間は待つ必要がある。 We have to wait at least for three hours.\n\nOf course `number + は` does not mean \"at least\" in sentences like this:\n\n * 5個のりんごがある。3個はまだ青い。 There are five apples. Three of them are still green.\n * 10年は長い時間だ。 Ten years is a long time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T01:54:24.017",
"id": "29444",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T01:54:24.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29438",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 29438 | 29444 | 29444 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29449",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that 赤ん坊 and 赤ちゃん are used frequently to refer to a baby but it would\nseem that 幼子 could also refer to a baby or an infant. In my dictionary it was\neven marked as \"common\". Now, I searched the word on google.jp and what came\nup on images were most definitely not babies (or at least, not any cute\nbabies). Is this word just not used anymore?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T05:32:16.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29448",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T07:48:25.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Is 幼子 ever used nowadays?",
"view_count": 699
} | [
{
"body": "幼子 sounds a little old, and we don't use this word in daily conversation. (not\nso old as we can't understand the meaning.) It also sounds formal, so it is\nsometimes used in essays or titles of books.\n\nInstead of 幼子, we often use 幼児(youji, same as 幼子) or 乳児(nyuuji, a breast-fed\nbaby). They sound more formal than 赤ん坊 or 赤ちゃん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T07:42:34.220",
"id": "29449",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T07:48:25.813",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-25T07:48:25.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "11790",
"owner_user_id": "11790",
"parent_id": "29448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 29448 | 29449 | 29449 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29454",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "鯖を読む would be naively translated as \"Reading a mackerel\". Weblio\n[describes](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E9%AF%96%E3%82%92%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%80)\nit as metaphorically meaning to misrepresent a number, such as their age.\n\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%80) says that as well as\nmeaning \"to read\", it used to mean \"to count\":\n\n> to count\n>\n> See also さばを読む, now mostly used in idioms\n\nShould I put this down to verbs not having a one-to-one correspondence in\nmeanings between Japanese and English?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T10:41:21.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29450",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T14:30:21.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Understanding \"鯖を読む\"",
"view_count": 325
} | [
{
"body": "The primary meaning of the verb 読む in ancient Japanese was _to count_.\n\n[よむ is primarily defined as\n数える](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%88%E3%82%80) in 学研全訳古語辞典:\n\n> ①順に数える。数を数える。 \n> 「月よめばいまだ冬なり」 \n> [訳] 月日を数えると、まだ冬である。\n\nAnd according to\n[国語教育わたしの主張](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=KKv_OQOsIvkC&lpg=PA104&ots=uLHVIFlHmJ&dq=%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%80%20%E6%95%B0%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%80%80%E5%8F%A4%E8%AA%9E&hl=ja&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%80%20%E6%95%B0%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E3%80%80%E5%8F%A4%E8%AA%9E&f=false):\n\n> 日本最古の歴史物語である古事記（紀元七一二）や風土記では、読むは「数える」という意味であった。\n\nThen it began to mean _to say out loud, to chant_ , because that's what people\ndo when counting things. Then it began to mean _to create (a haiku/waka)_\nbecause a haiku was chanted or \"sung\". The modern primary meaning of 読む, _to\nread (silently and understand what's written)_ , is relatively new one.\n\nToday, the meaning of _to count_ is only found in a very few idioms such as\n鯖を読む. As a native speaker, I of course know the metaphoric meaning of 鯖を読む,\nbut I didn't know what 読む stands for in this idiom. Mackerels (鯖) are fish\nwhich are caught in bulk and spoil very quickly, and counting the number of\nmackerels was not what old people did seriously. That's why 鯖を読む means\n\"presenting a wrong number\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T14:30:21.823",
"id": "29454",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T14:30:21.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29450",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 29450 | 29454 | 29454 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29452",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Ok I've been listening to this girl broadcasting her webcam and sometimes she\nwill start talking in a sort of a \"rolling R\" dialect, or like a \"yakuza\" type\nof speaking with rolling R's. Is there is specific term for this in Japanese?\n\nI can tell it's almost like an \"alpha\" way of speaking. I just don't know how\nto explain it in Japanese. She knows a little bit of English, so I tried to\nsay \"I like you how you talk almost Yakuza-style\" but she didn't understand\nwhat I said.\n\nIs there is specific way to explain a \"rolling R\" way of speaking in Japanese?\n\nPlease don't bother explaining how Yakuza \"really talk\", I'm simply asking for\na specific way to reference a rolling \"R\" in Japanese.\n\nHow would I say \"I like how you roll your 'R's\" in Japanese??\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T11:22:11.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29451",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T12:26:27.350",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-25T12:26:27.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "11558",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How would I explain to a Japanese that I like to hear their rolling \"R\"?",
"view_count": 641
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not 100% confident, but maybe you're referring to\n[巻【ま】き舌【じた】](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B7%BB%E3%81%8D%E8%88%8C%E3%83%BB%E5%B7%BB%E8%88%8C-386779)(の口調).\n\nUsing 巻き舌 is not really special when speaking foreign languages, but 巻き舌\nJapanese has a lot of \"ｒ\" sounds, and is often associated with yakuza-style,\noverpowering speech.\n\nUse google video search with 「巻き舌 口調」 or 「巻き舌 暴言」 to hear some examples.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T12:26:11.853",
"id": "29452",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T12:26:11.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29451",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 29451 | 29452 | 29452 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29457",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard the following phrase from [an ad for Jetstar\nJapan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4WT3b0Jx7g):\n\n> びっくりする **くらい** 最低よね！\n\nI know the individual meaning of the words. \nびっくりする - to be surprised, \nくらい - around(?) \n最低 - lowest/cheapest\n\nThis ad is from a low cost carrier in Japan. Putting all these together, what\nis the possible meaning of the statement above?\n\n(a) Surprised that (the fare) is almost the cheapest. \n(b) Almost surprised that (the fare) is the cheapest.\n\nThe placement of くらい confused me about which it is modifying.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T13:52:54.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29453",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T19:28:02.990",
"last_edit_date": "2015-11-25T19:28:02.990",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"copywriting",
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "Postpositional or prepositional くらい",
"view_count": 359
} | [
{
"body": "～くらい in this context means **\"to the point where ～\"**. びっくりするくらい最低 literally\nmeans \" _worst_ to the point where one is surprised\", or simply, \"surprisingly\n_worst_ \".\n\n> * 眠れないくらい嬉しい happy to the point where I can't sleep / too happy to sleep\n> * 目に見えるくらい大きい big enough to be seen\n>\n\n* * *\n\nThis ad is somewhat tricky because it plays on words using a double meaning of\nthe word 最低. 最低 both means \"worst\" and \"lowest\", but when people just say\n「最低!」 or 「最低よね!」, it's usually understood as a slangy expression which means\n\"Disgusting!\", \"It sucks!\" (If someone is surprised at something very cheap,\nthey say 「安い!」 rather than 「最低!」)\n\nIn the first half of the ad, the two ladies repeatedly say 「最低よね!」 with an\nirritated voice, giving the audience the impression that they are clearly\ndisgusted by something. Then this conversation follows:\n\n> A「でも…最低なのって…嫌いじゃないかも…」 But... being \"saitei\" may not be unfavorable... \n> B「最低って?」 Being \"saitei\" is...? \n> A「最高！」 \"Great\"!\n\nAnd the audience understands the true message of the ad, \"Being the lowest (in\nprice) is good!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-11-25T15:39:34.763",
"id": "29457",
"last_activity_date": "2015-11-25T15:39:34.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29453",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 29453 | 29457 | 29457 |
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