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list | id
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "33310",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have heard that some phrases may be used in a humble form when speaking to a\nsuperior regardless of whether or not it has an impact on the superior. でございます\nis one of them.\n\nBut does that only apply when talking about oneself?\n\nFor example, 私は学生でございます is valid when speaking to an interviewer. But can I\nalso say 田村さんは学生でございます if 田村さん is my colleague? How about if the person is my\nbrother, i.e. 弟は学生でございます? Similarly, what if I don't know the person?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T03:30:15.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33255",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-02T00:51:10.010",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T04:10:55.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "14033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "How to correctly use でございます when speaking with a superior?",
"view_count": 765
} | [
{
"body": "ございます is not a humble verb. So you can use it regardless of the subject, as\nlong as you want to show politeness to the listener.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T00:51:10.010",
"id": "33310",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-02T00:51:10.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "33255",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33255 | 33310 | 33310 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence.\n\n> ソフトのプレイ中にHOMEボタンを押すと、ソフトが **中断され** HOMEメニューが表示されます。\n\nI think 「て」 should follow the verb 「中断され」 to create conjunctive/continuative\nform.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T05:12:05.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33256",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-13T09:26:38.317",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-13T09:26:38.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"て-form",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Is the 「て」 missing from 「され」 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 421
} | [
{
"body": "No, it's not. This れ is the pre-masu-form (stem) of れる, and it doesn't require\nて after it.\n\n * [なく vs. なくて and stem form vs. てform as conjunctions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2934/5010)\n * [Connecting phrases with the stem of masu-form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6412/5010)\n * [Stem of ます-form as conjuction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25921/5010)\n * [て versus combining-form for joining clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23789/5010)\n\nIn your example, you can insert て after 中断され without changing the meaning of\nthe sentence. But since this is from a formal documentation, doing so may make\nthe sentence look a little less sophisticated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T06:15:16.353",
"id": "33259",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-19T15:43:36.263",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-19T15:43:36.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33256",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 33256 | null | 33259 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33265",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The meaning of 「酷い言われようだ」 seems (to me) to be something not very different\nfrom 「酷いことを言われた」.\n\n```\n\n e.g. それが今やサラリーマンとは「会社に飼われる家畜」なんですってよ。まったく酷い言われようです。\n \n```\n\nMy questions:\n\n 1. Is my interpretation correct? Did I miss any nuance?\n 2. If the 「酷いこと」 has already been said, why was the 「よう-form」 used?\n 3. 「言われよう」 seems to be treated as a noun phrase here, since it's modified by 「酷い」 and followed by 「だ」. I've never seen a 「よう-form」 used as a noun phrase elsewhere. Is it a common usage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T09:03:20.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33263",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T13:40:30.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "On the interpretation of 「酷い言われようだ」",
"view_count": 1482
} | [
{
"body": "This 「言われよう」 is not exactly the 「よう-form」, which expresses volition or\nintention, but rather 「言われ ＋ 様{よう}」, where the 「様{よう}」 means \"a way to.../of\n...ing\". So 「言われ様{よう}」 means, literally speaking, \"a way of being told\", and\nas such, it is treated as a noun phrase.\n\nAs for your question 1, 「酷いことを言われた。」would mean that someone had actually told\nthe speaker the 「酷いこと」 (\"You, salarymen, are nothing but corporate\nlivestock!\"), whereas 「酷い言われようだ。」 doesn't necessarily suggest such direct\ncommunication. Your example text goes something like this:\n\n> But salarymen are now, they say, \"corporate livestock\" -- what an awful way\n> of putting it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T10:39:20.757",
"id": "33265",
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"last_editor_user_id": "11575",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "33263",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 33263 | 33265 | 33265 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33267",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a poem named 「[生きる](http://zawameki.org/poem/poem2.html)」 by 谷川俊太郎, the\npoet described \"to live\" with many instances.\n\nIn the instances put forward in the penultimate stanza, the poet put 「が」 after\nthe subjects, such as in 「犬 **が** 吠える」, 「地球 **が** 廻っている」, etc.\n\nHowever, in the final stanza, the poet started to use the topic marker 「は」,\nsuch as in 「鳥 **は** はばたく」 and 「海 **は** とどろく」.\n\nI wonder what made the poet choose to use 「が」 in one stanza but 「は」 in\nanother, and what effect that has brought about.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T09:32:52.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33264",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-02T16:13:32.493",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-02T16:13:32.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "5346",
"owner_user_id": "5346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "On the usage of 「は」 and 「が」 in a poem by 谷川俊太郎",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "は can be used to describe the general feature of something, while が does not\nhave such a nuance.\n\n * りんごは赤い。 Apples are red. (as the general fact)\n * りんごが赤い。 This (specific) apple looks red.\n * 鳥は飛ぶ。 Birds (can) fly. (as the general fact)\n * 鳥が飛んでいる。 A (certain) bird is flying.\n\nLet's take a look at the third stanza. See that いま is always used with が?\nHere, the poet is _not_ trying to explain the general facts about something.\nHe is saying a certain soldier is wounded somewhere in this moment, a certain\ndog is now barking somewhere, the earth is now rotating, etc. 「いま兵士は傷つく」\nsounds odd because he has not introduced any soldier into \"the universe of\ndiscourse\" before that line, and a soldier is not something that is always\nwounded.\n\nIn the final stanza, the poet is presenting 鳥ははばたく, 人は愛する, etc., as the\ngeneral facts which are always true.\n\nIn other words, the third stanza is saying \"Many things are now randomly\nhappening in this world, and that is what 生きる means.\" The final stanza is\nsaying something more abstract and philosophical... \"Every truth in this world\nis 生きる\" or something like that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T11:16:53.057",
"id": "33267",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T11:16:53.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33264",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 33264 | 33267 | 33267 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33271",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> ...お出かけ用のワンピースを着て、コートをはおりながら... \n> ...she put on a dress suitable for the trip and while putting on her\n> coat...\n\nI've not seen the verb はおる before and it does not appear in any of my more\nbasic dictionaries. Is it a commonly used word for putting on an item of\nclothing or is it a more obscure word that was used to avoid repeating 着る?\nBasically, would I sound weird if I used it in everyday conversation?\n\nFor what items of clothing can it be used?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T11:02:46.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33266",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-01T02:00:39.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 22,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is はおる a commonly used verb",
"view_count": 1584
} | [
{
"body": "はおる is not rare at all, and it's certainly worth learning. (You may not have\nto remember how to write its kanji, 羽織る)\n\nはおる is more \"specific\" than 着る. It can be only used for something that loosely\ncovers you from your back. Coats and jackets are something you can はおる, but\nT-shirts, one-pieces and turtlenecks are not something you can はおる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T11:23:48.040",
"id": "33269",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T11:28:49.993",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T11:28:49.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
},
{
"body": "はおる(羽織る) is a pretty common word.\n\nIt's used for wearing something that hangs somewhat lightly or loosely over\nyour body, on top of inner layers of clothing.\n\nCan be used with:\nコート(coats)、ジャケット(jackets)、カーディガン(cardigans)、ポンチョ(ponchos)、シャツ(shirts), etc.\n\nCannot be used with: 下着(underwear)、ズボン(pants/trousers)、Ｔシャツ(T-shirts)、etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T11:28:10.697",
"id": "33270",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T11:28:10.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "33266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "はおる and 着る are somewhat close **but not the same words**!\n\nはおる(羽織る) means **to wear clothes over another, as if you're covering them.** \nSo I'd say someone \"はおる\" his/her coat when they do so _without closing its\nzipper / buttons._\n\nIt's kind of hard to explain in words, but **there's a very similar word**\n羽織{はおり}, which is a noun. 羽織 is similar to coat. [Try googling how they look\nlike](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E7%BE%BD%E7%B9%94).\n\nNotice there's no zippers or buttons or _obis_ closing the front? The word はおる\noriginates from this kind of clothing. It is to wear clothes like 羽織. So you\n**can't** use はおる against clothes whose 'front' can't be kept opened (T-shirts\nfor example).\n\nAnd as long as you're catching the meaning of はおる which I explained, it is\nfine to use はおる in everyday conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T11:29:56.100",
"id": "33271",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-01T02:00:39.337",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13662",
"parent_id": "33266",
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"score": 19
}
]
| 33266 | 33271 | 33271 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The first one is fine but I'm not sure about the second one? The first one is\n\"na\" and the second one looks like \"shi\" on its side, facing down, but is it\n\"shi\" or something else?\n\n",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T11:17:14.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33268",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T12:56:17.593",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T12:07:09.500",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14029",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"hiragana",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "What does the second of these two Japanese symbols mean?",
"view_count": 92
} | []
| 33268 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone tell me what this means? The only definition I could find was\n\"summer vacation\" which made no sense in the context. This is what's on ether\nside of it:\n\n> これ完全にマウン卜ポジシヨンに **なってる** から!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T13:13:49.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33273",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T18:25:54.763",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T18:25:54.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "13900",
"owner_user_id": "14029",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"hiragana",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does なってる mean?",
"view_count": 2671
} | [
{
"body": "> nounになってる = nounになっている \n> has become noun\n\nYou need to be careful to distinguish between the large and small characters.\nIt's なってる not なつてる and ポジション = \"position\", not ポジシヨン.\n\nI have no idea what a \"mount position\" is, but it (これ）has become one.\nHopefully you can figure that out from the context of the story.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T14:05:41.167",
"id": "33274",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T14:05:41.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "33273",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33273 | null | 33274 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33283",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Example: according to kotobank, one of the definitions of 滑る is\n\n> 俗に、面白いことをしゃべろうとして失敗する。冗談・ギャグが受けない状態をいう。\n\nI'm curious, are constructions like \"冗談・ギャグ\" used in speech? If they are, is\nit basically like taking a short pause while talking? And does it sound\nnatural, formal or just plain weird?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T19:31:01.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33282",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T23:45:10.817",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T23:45:10.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Are constructions like listing with 中黒 used in speech?",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "Yes this can be found in everyday speech. It can sometimes be expressed by\nusing a pause or saying \"なかぽつ\" but this is generally used for quoting or\nreading off something exactly the way it is written. I would say it is much\nmore common for a speaker to include とか or など to the same effect in colloquial\nspeech. Saying なかぽつ can sound a bit tongue in cheek by being so precise with\nwords.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T22:23:51.027",
"id": "33283",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T23:42:38.850",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T23:42:38.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "14027",
"owner_user_id": "14027",
"parent_id": "33282",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33282 | 33283 | 33283 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On Google translate it shows \"speakers\" as スピーカー. Is this the correct\ntranslation for electronic speakers or is it something else?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T02:03:53.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33284",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-01T04:59:48.333",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"speakers\" as in electronic speakers?",
"view_count": 613
} | [
{
"body": "\"speaker\" is translated as:\n\n * スピーカー (electric device)\n * 話者 or スピーカー (as in native _speaker_ of English)\n * 演者 or スピーカー (as in speaker of a conference)\n\n* * *\n\nGoogle Translate is the least credible resource. Please try other sites first\n(like [this one](http://tangorin.com/general/speaker)) if you want more info\nfor a specific word.\n\n * [List of online English-Japanese dictionaries](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/756/resources-for-learning-japanese/761#761)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T04:59:48.333",
"id": "33285",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-01T04:59:48.333",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T15:48:25.793",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33284 | null | 33285 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33299",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have the following sentence, extracted from a textbook,\n\n> こちらからお願いに伺うべきところを先方｛せんぽう｝からお出｛い｝でいただき、恐縮した。\n\nThis sentence feels a bit overly polite which does not help me. I think that\nこちら is the one who speaks (it could be a legal entity but since the verb is\nお出でいただく I assume that it is an actual person), 先方 is the one who did the favor\nto the subject here omitted.\n\nSo I understand “お願いに伺うべきところを” as “at a time where you should have asked me a\nfavor”. 先方 seems to means someone else in one's in-group (内).\n\nIf I understood correctly, here, the speaker explains that he/she feels sorry\nfor not having been the person to come while he/she feels strongly he/she\nshould have been asked.\n\nIs this interpretation correct or did I fumbled my way around with 先方 and\nお出でいただく?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T07:53:17.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33288",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-02T08:28:47.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Identifying who's who?",
"view_count": 296
} | [
{
"body": "「こちらからお願いに伺うべきところを」 means \"Even though I was (originally) the one who should\ngo (to them) to ask them a favor.\" (≂「私のほうからお願いに行くべきなのに」)\n\n「先方からお出でいただき」 means \"They came to me.\" (≂ 「相手に(私のところへ)来てもらって /\n相手のほうから(私のところへ)来てくれて」)\n\n先方 is the person (or people) that こちら(= 私, the speaker) should have visited\nand asked a favor of. (先方 isn't someone in こちら's in-group.)\n\nおいでいただく is the humble form of 来てもらう (lit. \"I have them come (to me).\").\n\nSo I think the sentence means something like...\n\n> Even though I/we should have visited them to ask them (something), they came\n> to me/us instead, so I/we felt very sorry/obliged.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T10:09:43.173",
"id": "33299",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-02T08:28:47.853",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "33288",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 33288 | 33299 | 33299 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33291",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I read a doujinshi about an older brother who was teased by his younger\nbrother, and the younger brother said \"兄者など\". I don't really get what it\nmeans. Someone please help me ;__;",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T07:53:41.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33289",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-02T16:20:15.050",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-02T16:20:15.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "14049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-など"
],
"title": "What does \"兄者など\" mean?",
"view_count": 1202
} | [
{
"body": "It means \"such a brother\", or \"like this type of brother(if that's what the\ncontext meant). It seems to like :\" such a (bad/good/handsome etc.) brother\"\n兄-elder brother 者-nature/type など-alike",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T08:04:01.670",
"id": "33291",
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{
"body": "[兄者]{あにじゃ} was the term of calling one's older brother before the early modern\nperiod in Japan. \nThat use only in a television drama.\n\nA meaning of など depends on the context. I think that has meanings like 'and so\non' and 'such'.\n\nI guess that younger brother imitates TV on purpose.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T08:44:48.660",
"id": "33294",
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{
"body": "The など is used as a belittling / derogatory suffix. (≂なんか) e.g:\n\n> * 「お[兄]{にい}ちゃんなんか！」 (≂ 「[兄者]{あにじゃ}など！」← sounds literary/archaic)\n> * 「お前なんか！」\"The heck with you!\"\n>\n\nIt's definition #2 in\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/164368/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> ある事物を例示し、特にそれを **軽んじて扱う** 意を表す。 **否定的** な表現の中で多く使われる。… **なんか**\n> 。…なんて。「わたしのことなどお忘れでしょう」「金などいるものか」",
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| 33289 | 33291 | 33296 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33292",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So, I have this:\n\n> 父 **に** 犬を追いかけられています。\n\nIs it correct? And what does that に particle mean?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "I have some problem with passive form of verbs, and actually with に particle in it",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "EDIT: I have had a misunderstanding as reported by chocolate in the comments,\nso I have corrected myself.\n\nThe に particle here shows the agent (the one who does the action). 犬を追いかける is\n\"to run after a dog\".\n\nSo 「父 **に** 犬を追いかけられています。」 is \"The dog is run after **by** my father.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T08:09:49.303",
"id": "33292",
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{
"body": "I think 父が犬に追いかけられています is correct.\n\nIn the case of 父に犬を追いかけられています, if I must say, it means 'My dog gets chased by\nmy father.'\n\nに is a postpositional particle for an object.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 父に犬を[呼]{よ}んでもらいます。 \n> I have my father call a dog.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T08:20:03.567",
"id": "33293",
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| 33290 | 33292 | 33292 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33297",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "田中孝司 is pronounced as たなかたかし and たなかこうじ. I'm afraid that there could be other\npronunciations of the same kanji characters.\n\nHow should I understand it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T08:56:13.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"names"
],
"title": "How do I read 田中孝司 as a name?",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "If a name can be read in several different ways there is no way to predict how\nit is read and the only reliable method is to ask the owner of the name.\n\nIn the case you brought, it seems that the two reading you gave are the only\nones in use according to this [dictionary of\nnames](http://name.m3q.jp/list?s=%E5%AD%9D%E5%8F%B8).\n\nHowever, the name you mention happens to be the name of a football player and\nin that case his name is 田中｛たなか｝孝司｛こうじ｝.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T09:34:49.300",
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| 33295 | 33297 | 33297 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33307",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> いいか、危ないぞ。 \n> ホントに危ないんだぞ。 \n> **イリヤ本人もだけど、部屋の主たる思春期の少年のナイーヴな心臓とかな**\n\nLook, it's dangerous. \nReally dangerous. \nFor Illya too but, among other things the naive earth of the young boy going\nthrough puberty who is the owner of the room.\n\nCan とか be used with も to have an inclusive meaning?",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T14:40:39.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can とか have the same meaning as も?",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "> Can とか used with も to have an inclusive meaning?\n\nWell, yes sometimes, at least in casual conversations. Both can be used to\nmake a non-exhaustive list, but such a mixture of とか and も won't look \"well-\nformed\". For example, an excited kid may say something like this:\n\n> 「いろいろ買ったよ、おもちゃとか、ケーキとか、あとね、絵本も！」\n\nBut I think this とか in the sentence in question is used primarily for a\neuphemistic purpose. It's something like \"well...\", \"say...\", or \"you know...\"\n\nThe last sentence is a bit roundabout, but it's basically saying \"Of course\nyou (Illya) are in danger, but the heart of the owner of this room who is in\nhis puberty (ie, my heart) is also in danger (=almost stopping, because of\nIllya)!\"",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T15:56:07.887",
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| 33301 | 33307 | 33307 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33306",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As I'm starting to explore more kanji, I've come across these two ways of\nwriting すわる (to sit): 座る and 坐る.\n\nI would like to know when to use one over the other. Are there nuances that\nwould make one very inappropriate to use in a special setting? Is one being\nused for sitting with a roof over one's head (a house) vs under open sky (on a\nbench in a park)?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T14:43:39.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33302",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "When to use 座る vs 坐る",
"view_count": 751
} | [
{
"body": "坐る is very rarely used. I have seen it little.\n\nAs far as I searched, 坐る was a Kanji for a verb, and 座 was a Kanji for a noun\nthat means a place to sit in early Showa era. \nThough the government enacted the following rules in Showa 31th(1956).\n<http://kokugo.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/joho/kakuki/03/pdf/doon.pdf> \n× 坐→座\n\nIt seems that they were unified into one Kanji by this rules. That is to say,\n坐 is old Kanji.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T15:20:19.523",
"id": "33305",
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"body": "To built up a bit on my comment ( _坐 is old school 座. Now, you might only see\nthe former in books and museums (it's quite common to see 坐像{ざぞう}). May be\nthere are nuances but I never heard of._ ) 語源-allguide has an entry on 座る.\n\n> 【意味】 座るとは、膝を折り曲げて腰を下ろす。ある地位や役に就く。\n>\n> 【座るの語源・由来】 \n> 座るは、落ち着いて動かないことを表す「据わる（すわる）」と同源。 \n> 「居ても立ってもいられない」と言うように、古く、「立つ」の対義語は「居る」であった。\n> 平安時代末頃から、「居る」が「存在する」といった意味で多く用いられるようになったことから、他動詞「すう（据う）」が自動詞化した「すわる」が、「立つ」の対義語として用いられるようになった。 \n> 漢字の「坐」は「人＋人＋土」で、地面に尻をつけることを示している。 \n> 「座」の漢字は、「广（いえ）＋坐」で、家の中で人が座る場所のことである。 \n> 「坐」が動詞、「座」が名詞として用いられたが、常用漢字では「座」に統一された。\n\nTranslation:\n\n> 座る means _bend your knees and seat your rear_. Or, be employed at a\n> position.\n>\n> [Etymology of 座る] \n> 座る shares its etymology with 据｛す｝わる and means _being calm without moving_. \n> As seen in\n> [「居｛い｝ても立ってもいられない」](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B1%85%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E5%B1%85%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-436527)(boils\n> at the core but can't afford not keeping calm), the antonym of 立つ was 居る. \n> Since, by the end of the Heian era, 居る became used a lot in the meaning of\n> _to exist_ the transitive verb 据｛す｝う turned into the intransitive verb\n> 据｛す｝わる and (すわる) started to be used as the antonym of 立つ. \n> The kanji 坐 is made of 人＋人＋土 and means to seat one's rear on the ground (as\n> you have guessed in your question). \n> The kanji 座 is made of 广（いえ）＋坐 and refers to a place where one would seat\n> in a house. 坐 was used as a verb, whereas 座 was used as a noun. But this 坐\n> is not a 常用漢字, 座 is now used for both.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T15:33:49.703",
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| 33302 | 33306 | 33305 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33304",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 繁栄にあつく。 \n> ルーツは原初からして不明。 \n> **滅日** の記憶はない。\n\nHospitable to flourishing. \nStarting from the base, the roots are mysterious. \nThere are no memories of ??\n\nI looked up that word in a dictionary and could not find anything. \nSo I tried a J-J Dictionary and found this:\n\n> 陰陽道(オンヨウドウ)で，万事に凶の日。人の生まれ年によって定まるという。\n\nI am not sure I understand this though. \nI'll give you my interpretation: \nIn Omnyou: A day of bad luck for all and everything. Defined by the year in\nwhich a person is born.\n\nIs it something like an unlucky day?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T14:48:00.047",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "滅日 meaning and J-J definition problems",
"view_count": 175
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think 滅日 is a widely known word, and that dictionary definition is\nprobably irrelevant.\n\nBut 滅 literally means \"perish\" and 日 literally means \"day/date\", so it could\nmean \"the date of death.\" I found [this page](http://mai-\nnet.net/bbs/sst/sst.php?act=dump&cate=all&all=1072&n=4) which includes this\nphrase:\n\n> **誕生の記憶** など無く。繁栄もなく。ルーツは原初からして不明瞭。滅日の記憶も無い。\n\nThat part looks almost like a paranoid poem, but \"I don't remember (my?) birth\nnor (my?) death\" seems to make sense to me.\n\n\"Unlucky\" is not the primary meaning of 滅. Some compounds like\n[仏滅](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%9C) have such a nuance,\nthough.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T15:18:58.327",
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| 33303 | 33304 | 33304 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33309",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I wonder why all the translation engines show only the word フリー as a\ntranslation for the word \"free\". Why Japanese people had to borrow an english\nword? Wasn't there anything for free in Japanese history? Does the native\nJapanese word for \"free\" exist?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T17:19:59.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33308",
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"owner_user_id": "13907",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"translation",
"history"
],
"title": "Native Japanese word for フリー",
"view_count": 8030
} | [
{
"body": "It's because English \"free\" has two major meanings which are totally\ndifferent, and no native Japanese word covers both of the two meanings of\n\"free\".\n\n * Free as in \"free WiFi\", no charge = **無料**\n * Free as in \"free speech\", liberty = **自由**\n\nIf you type only \"free\" to, for example, Google Translate, it can't guess the\nintended meaning, so it ends up with フリー, which is at least understandable to\nmost Japanese speakers. If you provide a few more words to the program, it can\ngive a better translation. Here are some results I got:\n\n * `free` → フリー\n * `free WiFi` → **無料** のWiFi\n * `free call` → **無料** 通話\n * `free speech` → 言論の **自由**\n * `free will` → **自由** 意思",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T18:03:13.010",
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{
"body": "値{あたい} is a native Japanese word for price.\n\nSaying \"without price\" would be equivalent to \"for free\" in English:\n\n値なく・値なき・値なし・値のない and so on...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-30T15:00:36.273",
"id": "36320",
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{
"body": "We often use the word, “フリー” to mean (1) flexible or non-committed, e.g.\nフリー・サイズ, フリー・タイム、フリー・ランサー、フリー・マーケット (or 青空市場、not “flea market”) and フリー・サービス\nin place of self-service. (2) no charge, for free, e.g. フリー・シート in place of\n自由席、and フリー・チャージ inn place of 無料.\n\nOf course we use “自由,” in such a way as;\n\n最近自由な時間がなくてね – I don’t have enough free time these days.\n\n五体の自由が利かない – lose the physical locomotiveness.\n\n彼は英語を自由自在に話す – He has a very good command of speaking English →He speaks\nEnglish fluently.\n\nどうぞご自由に – Please help yourself.\n\nＢut we don’t say “フリー” for “freedom.” We say \"自由\" for freedom.\n\nThe history of \"自由\" to be used in the meaning of “freedom” is pretty new.\n\nAccording to blogs. yahoo. jp, it was first used by Hukuzawa Yukichi, an\nenlightment thinker in Meiji era, and the founder of the Keio University in\nhis famous work “西洋事情 – An Introduction of the Western culture” as the\ntranslation of the English word, “freedom.” Before then the word, 自由 was used\nas a zen terminology to mean the liberation from one’s worldly desire.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-07-01T00:04:32.780",
"id": "36324",
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| 33308 | 33309 | 33309 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33313",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In episode 24 of the Japanese anime **Shin Atashin'chi** , around 13:45, a boy\non the verge of tears collects a heap of dirt or sand with his hand while\nholding a sack in the other. This happens in reaction to hearing that his\nsecret love interest finds an older boy attractive.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/edoR6.jpg)\n\nI assume this is a metaphor for somebody in despair or with their hopes\nshattered.\n\nIs this interpretation correct?\n\nIs the act a reference to a Japanese fairy tale, story, myth or legend?\n\nOr is he digging his own grave because he is preparing for death from sadness?\n\n_The episode is focused on the sport of Baseball. I mention this after reading\nthe answer._",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T04:11:04.113",
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"metaphor",
"sports"
],
"title": "Metaphor of collecting dirt",
"view_count": 424
} | [
{
"body": "The All-Japan Senior High School Baseball Championship Tournament is held at\n甲子園 stadium every year.\n\nThere is a custom that losing teams bring a little dirt from 甲子園 stadium back\nto their school in memory. So, I think his action in this case means the thing\nyou assumed.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T06:05:38.843",
"id": "33313",
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| 33311 | 33313 | 33313 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33317",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was just curious if there is a way to make the ~たい form polite? for example\n\n```\n\n 戦いたい - Want to fight\n \n```\n\nI was thinking possibly using the honorific form instead of the masu form\nmight be acceptable?\n\n```\n\n お戦いになりたい\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T05:51:51.743",
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"tags": [
"conjugations",
"honorifics",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Desire form verbs (~たい), is there a polite form?",
"view_count": 3598
} | [
{
"body": "I assume you mean the _honorific_ form, rather than the simple _polite_ form\n(which can be achieved by just adding です after 戦いたい).\n\nお戦いになりたい sounds odd in most cases, because ～たい itself is usually for a desire\n_of your own_. Honorific expressions are for someone higher than you.\n\n * <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/3844/5010>\n * [Can たい and たがる be used for a 1st/2nd/3rd person's desire?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23860/5010)\n\nThe natural honorific version would be 「将軍は戦いたがっていらっしゃる」「将軍は戦いたがっておいでだ」 etc.\nYou can still use plain たい before other certain honorific expressions:\n「将軍は戦いたいと考えていらっしゃる」, 「将軍は戦いたいと仰っている」.\n\nAs you can see in the second link above, there are cases where ～たい can be used\nfor 3rd party's desire. For example I think 「将軍がお戦いになりたい理由が分かりません」 (=\"I don't\nunderstand the reason why General wants to fight\") is not incorrect, although\nI still feel this is slightly awkward.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T07:12:32.543",
"id": "33317",
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{
"body": "My thought is as follows: \nThere are two types of paradigm. \nたい is a adjective form that shows a state of a subjective will. \nたがる is a verb form that shows a state from an objective viewpoint.\n\n```\n\n 私は戦いたいです。 I want to fight.\n あなたは戦いたがっています。 You want to fight.\n \n 私は戦いたくありません。 I don't want to fight.\n あなたは戦いたがっていません。 You don't want to fight.\n \n 私は戦いたいですか。 (impossible sentence)\n あなたは戦いたいですか。 Do you want to fight?\n 彼は戦いたがっていますか。 Does he want to fight?\n \n```\n\nTherefore, \nbecause to ask directly other person's will is rude as the honorific form, I\nthink たい is rarely used.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-03T12:04:34.280",
"id": "33332",
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| 33312 | 33317 | 33317 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33318",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm aware that this is a common question and one that can be quite\nsituational, but I have a few specific questions regarding nuance between\nthese two pronouns for \"I\".\n\njisho.org describes 俺 as \"Male term or language, sounds rough or arrogant\".\nHowever, based on my knowledge, I'd say that this is the most common pronoun\namong college and older males (please correct me if I'm wrong, I may just\nwatch too much anime where the characters are over-confident). While I\nunderstand that it may sound too colloquial in a formal situation, is 俺 really\nas arrogant as a dictionary definition makes it out to be?\n\nIn a similar vein, would 僕 sound overly submissive or weak for an adult male\n(I'm personally a 20 year old college student), or would it just sound more\nhumble and polite (still colloquial, though)?\n\nLast, do people change their pronoun based on the situation? For example,\nwould an adult use 僕 typically around friends/coworkers, but if it's necessary\nto take a leadership position briefly or make a strong point, switch to 俺 to\nbe more assertive, then back to 僕 when the situation gets more relaxed again?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T06:12:24.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33314",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Nuance between 僕 and 俺?",
"view_count": 1380
} | [
{
"body": "I typically use 僕 when talking to some one older who I respect. I will use 俺\nif I am talking with male friends. I rarely ever use 私 unless Im talking to\nsome one I have just met.\n\nIm not a native speaker but I have never had anyone correct me on my usage\n\n僕 is generally only used by younger boys but it can also be used by some one\nwho feels they are young or younger than the person they are talking to\n\n俺 is typically an arrogant way of saying I. People who use it usually have\nhigher self esteem than most and think very highly of themselves. Especially\nif they use it around other who are not good friends\n\nBut like I said Im not a native speaker so I could be wrong on some points",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T06:43:32.193",
"id": "33315",
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{
"body": "> I'd say that this is the most common pronoun among college and older males\n\nI wouldn't say it's the most common one, but in a manly/friendly/aggressive\nenvironment you might encounter it. In real life speech it's not as common as\n僕 and 私 since there are a lot less situations where you can use 俺 safely. It\nis used _a lot_ on the internet, though. It's the most common pronoun I\nencounter in BBS boards.\n\n> While I understand that it may sound too colloquial in a formal situation,\n> is 俺 really as arrogant as a dictionary definition makes it out to be?\n\nIn Japanese, the nuance some words carry often changes as your environment\nchanges. It depends on a lot of things; context, the people around you, level\nof politeness, and so on. If you are at work, you're at a polite setting, so\nusing 俺 would come off as overconfident and arrogant. If you're with your\nmanly mates, it comes off as normal. So it really depends on the context in\nwhich you're using it. What's for sure is that it's _definitely not_ as common\nas animes make it out to be and most times it _will_ sound\nrude/inappropriate/arrogant.\n\n> In a similar vein, would 僕 sound overly submissive or weak for an adult male\n> (I'm personally a 20 year old college student), or would it just sound more\n> humble and polite (still colloquial, though)?\n\nAgain, it depends on the context. Some use it almost all the time, some don't.\nThe nuance it carries is that you're just a normal dude, not much more than\nthat. If you're in a formal setting, it could sound a bit inappropriate in the\nsense that it might sound weak or rude, but generally you should be able to\nget away with 僕 in almost every situation. How a speaker perceives someone\nusing 僕 is up to them, but I would advise to avoid it in serious\nsettings(work, business, etc).\n\n> Last, do people change their pronoun based on the situation?\n\nI don't think people change their pronoun if they're trying to make some sort\nof point, it sounds kind of anime-ish and weird. Japanese people don't use\npersonal pronouns that much anyway. In fact, when you can avoid it, you\ngenerally should.\n\nTip: don't learn Japanese from anime. It's highly unrealistic.",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"body": "First, I'd like to explain the whole scheme concerning personal pronouns.\n\n 1. You are supposed to use Standard Japanese when you speak in public or formal situations and in this case, you basically use 私 (derived from old Tokyo) only.\n 2. Otherwise, you speak in a dialect of your own. \n 3. In many areas including most populated ones, people speak New Tokyo dialect, which is almost a virtual standard, and in which people use おれ (derived from Kanto, Tohoku) or ぼく (derived from current Yamaguchi pref.).\n\nAs for use of おれ or ぼく, the former おれ is (I believe overwhelmingly) more\ncommon than ぼく as the first person's pronoun in private speech, but it depends\non people.\n\nSome people use ぼく among internal societies beside their private use of おれ,\nlike pupil in school(*1) or athletes in sport industry. But as long as you\nspeak in the same society, switching one to the other is not likely to happen.\n\n(*1) It can be said that ぼく is the standard for elementally school classes.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T11:36:39.507",
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}
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| 33314 | 33318 | 33318 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Im getting two different conjugations of なさる masu form from different sites\n\nsome say なさります some say なさいます\n\nI know that the conjugation rule for godan verbs ending in る is to convert the\nる into り and add ます\n\nI also know that なさる is the honorific form of する which is an irregular verb,\nso I am truly stumped as to what the proper spelling would be.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T07:03:07.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33316",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"politeness"
],
"title": "What is the correct なさる masu form?",
"view_count": 42
} | []
| 33316 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A person was excited for the trip tomorrow and couldn't sleep. Reflecting on\nwhy he didn't drink much at last night's party:\n\n> こうしたとき酒が飲めれば、したたか酔うて眠ればよい。しかし祝杯すらも盃に口をつけてごまかすほどであるから、秘めたる興奮のさましようはなかった。\n\n盃に口をつけてごまかすほど - what does this mean (e.g. does this mean that 祝杯 was small,\none 口-ish size only)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T12:30:23.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33320",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "盃に口をつけてごまかすほど to describe a 祝杯",
"view_count": 75
} | [
{
"body": "The first sentence indicates that the writer cannot drink. Then in the next he\ngoes on to describe how much of a lightweight/teetotaler he is by saying,\n\"祝杯すらも盃に口をつけてごまかすほどである\" -- his alcohol aversion is such that, even when\nparticipating in celebratory drinking of sake, he only goes through the\nmotions of drinking by just touching his mouth to 盃!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T14:14:02.650",
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"score": 2
}
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| 33320 | null | 33323 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm pretty confused about the `に` particle and I hope to receive some\nclarification.\n\n* * *\n\n> 1.彼は私に本をくれました。\n>\n> 2.私は母にしかられた。\n\n* * *\n\nIn the first sentence, the `に` particle is used to indicate the target, which\nis `私`. So I know the sentence means _\"He gave me the book.\"_\n\nHowever, the `に` particle is used to indicate the source in the second\nsentence, so it means _\"I was scolded by my mother.\"_\n\nSo my question is, how can I tell if the `に` particle is indicating a target\nor a source? Do I have to solely rely on context? Or am I having a major\nmisunderstanding of the particle itself here?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T13:07:54.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33321",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-02T13:13:21.573",
"last_editor_user_id": "14057",
"owner_user_id": "14057",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "How do I tell if the に particle is indicating a target or a source?",
"view_count": 291
} | [
{
"body": "If you are using a passive verb (a verb that ends in られる), に is generally used\nas the **Source**. If it's a verb that is not passive (such as 行く), に would be\nthe **target/destination** particle. Context clues help as well. It makes\nsense to eat a McDonald's hamburger (マックを食べる) than to be eaten by one\n(マックに食べられる).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-08T05:54:01.453",
"id": "35758",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-08T15:07:56.937",
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| 33321 | null | 35758 |
{
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"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I saw this sentence in a book:\n\n> すさまじい幸運が重なっての勝利だった。\n\nIt seems pretty clear that this means \"I won thanks to incredible luck\" but I\nwas caught a little off guard by what appears to be the use of the て form + の\nparticle.\n\nIs that actually what this is, and what nuance does it represent?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T14:07:37.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33322",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Usage of て form plus の (幸運が重なっての勝利)",
"view_count": 91
} | []
| 33322 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33326",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The verb ひるがえす feels like it is made of two part ひる and かえす but I could not\nfind any references backing this interpretation. And I can't figure out what\nwould be ひる.\n\n@snailboat also mentioned くつがえす whose meaning is very close to ひるがえす. If an\nanswer could solve both cases it would be much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T15:38:12.433",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-04T08:52:14.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"compounds"
],
"title": "Is 翻す a former compound verb that merged into its current form?",
"view_count": 344
} | [
{
"body": "[翻]{ひるがえ}す is a transitive verb of [翻]{ひるがえ}る. \nIt seems that it shows the movement of a flag originally.\n\nThis theory remains a matter of speculation.\n\n> 翻る…[旗]{はた}が翻る(A flag flaps) \n> →ひらひらと[裏]{うら}[返]{がえ}る→ひるがえる\n\nothers:\n\n> [蘇]{よみがえ}る…[死者]{ししゃ}が蘇る(The dead revive) \n> →[黄泉]{よみ}から[帰]{かえ}る→よみがえる\n\n※黄泉 is the land of the dead.\n\nI did not understand about [覆]{くつがえ}る... \n \n \n(about a hypothesis) \nThis is an ancient Japanese poem([和歌]{わか}) \nたみのなけきに むかつひめ いそききしいに ゆきひらき \n民の嘆きに 向津姫 急ぎ紀志伊に 行き翻らき [link](http://gejirin.com/gsrc/hi/hiraku.html)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T16:46:01.300",
"id": "33326",
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{
"body": "## ひるがえす・ひるがえる\n\nNariuji's answer above for 翻す matches what I've researched in the past. ひる,\nひら, even ふる (as in 振る) all seem to be related to ideas of _something flat\nwaving or flapping_ , cognate with 鰭{ひれ} _fin_ , and possibly even cognate\nwith 簸{ひ}る (ancient root verb ふ) _to winnow (by shaking grain)_.\n\n## くつがえす・くつがえる\n\nLooking specifically at 覆す・覆る, this appears to be a compound of くつ + かえす・かえる.\n\n### The かえす・かえる Part\n\nOne of the first senses listed for かえす, spelled using the kanji 反 or 返, is:\n\n> 事物{ものごと}や事柄{ことがら}の位置{いち}を逆{ぎゃく}にする。 \n> To reverse the positions of things or facts.\n\nかえる is simply the intransitive side of this same meaning:\n\n> 事物{ものごと}や事柄{ことがら}の位置{いち}が逆{ぎゃく}になる。 \n> The positions of things or facts become reversed.\n\n### The くつ Part\n\nBut the くつ portion remains a bit mysterious.\n\n * One etymon (root word) for くつ that seems to make sense semantically here is 靴 _shoes_ -- as in 靴反す _to reverse the position of one's shoes_ → _to make one's shoes on the top_ → _to turn upside down_.\n\n * As an alternative possibility, I note that くつ is also an old reading for 口, only used in very old compounds (such as 轡{くつわ} = 口 + 輪 = mouth ring = the bit for a horse). So perhaps くつがえす = 口反す _to reverse the position of one's mouth_ → _to make one's mouth on the bottom_ → _to turn upside down_.\n\nHowever, both options here refer specifically to a person's body, whereas\n覆す・覆る can be used for all kinds of things.\n\n**A more likely etymon** is probably the くつ in less-used adverb くっつり\n_sufficiently, adequately; completely_. This word is missing from both\n[Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8A) and\n[Weblio](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8A),\nbut I do find it in my dead-tree 国語大辞典 from Shogakukan. This may be the same\nくつ in くっつく _to really stick to something_ (sometimes unsatisfyingly explained\nas 食う + 付く).\n\nMany adverbs of the form `CVCCV + り`, such as くっつり or がっくり or ゆったり, appear to\nbe derived from gemination (double-consonanting) of the underlying two-mora\nroot + り from あり. So ゆったり is from ゆた (with an underlying meaning of _loose_ in\nterms of _roomy, not constricting_ ), observable in part by the synonymous\nadverb ゆたゆた, while がっくり is from がく (with an underlying meaning of _loose_ in\nterms of _able to wiggle about_ ), with synonym がくがく. (See [this related\nthread talking about such -り\nadverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18729/%E3%81%A3-%E3%82%8A-form-\nadverbs/36660#36660).)\n\nSo くっつり would appear to derive from くつ (with an underlying meaning of\n_sufficiently; completely_ ).\n\n### Putting It Together\n\nFrom this, くつ + かえす = くつ反{がえ}す = _to completely turn something over_ , which\nseems to best match the meaning of 覆{くつがえ}す. So too can we derive くつ + かえる =\nくつ反{がえ}る = _to completely turn over (on its own)_ , which seems to best match\nthe meaning of 覆{くつがえ}る.",
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| 33324 | 33326 | 33326 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33328",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the differences between them, and in what kind of sentences should I\nuse one rather than the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T18:27:54.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33327",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-03T14:53:07.900",
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"owner_user_id": "14061",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "When to use 倒れる or 落ちる?",
"view_count": 2602
} | [
{
"body": "The main difference is in the distinction _what is falling from where?_\nGenerally, things that are bound by the ground are said to 倒れる. Trees,\nbuildings, people, poles, and so on. It also carries the sense of \"to\ncollapse\". 落ちる, on the other hand, carries the broad sense of \"fall\" and often\nis not interchangeable with 倒れる. It's easier to show it with some examples.\nCompare the following:\n\n * 木が倒れた\n * 木が落ちた\n * 人が倒れた\n * 人が落ちた\n\n1: The tree fell(collapsed). It was standing beforehand.\n\n2: The tree fell(from a certain height). It was above the ground beforehand.\n\n3: The person fell(or collapsed), but before that he was on the ground, maybe\nwalking.\n\n4: The person fell, maybe from a rooftop, or a plane.\n\nThey are different in that sense.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-02T19:03:42.237",
"id": "33328",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 33327 | 33328 | 33328 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33330",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw this in a book I'm reading:\n\n> 思考に空白が生まれ、突撃してくるキラーアントの姿を、ただ **受け入れるがままになった** 。\n\nI'm familiar with まま but I've never seen it used that way. How should I\ninterpret the last part of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-02T21:33:11.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33329",
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"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does ～がままになる mean?",
"view_count": 1299
} | [
{
"body": "Grammatical explanation could be even more confusing, but the conclusion is,\n`V + がまま` has just the same meaning as `V + まま` \"staying as (one) V\".\n\n> My thoughts were interrupted, and I **couldn't help allowing** the killer\n> ant to charge into me ( _lit._ ...how the killer ant charges into me).\n\n* * *\n\nWhat makes you confused probably is the が. Since `がまま` is a fixed phrase using\nClassical Japanese grammar, where が and の meant the opposite of what they do\ntoday, the が should be interpreted as の. But you may notice that when verbs\nqualify nouns they don't need particle の anyway. It's true, actually this\nphrase is an \"imitated\" Classical Japanese and this が is totally redundant\nwith verbs. Despite this fact, the construction begets many idioms such as:\nあるがまま \"as it is; que sera sera*\", なすがまま \"at the mercy of\", わがまま \"selfish\"\n(this one is grammatically correct).\n\n*Incidentally, this is bad Spanish, too...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T01:52:49.693",
"id": "33330",
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| 33329 | 33330 | 33330 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33340",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is the sentence I am trying to understand: \nContext: They are talking about recycling\n\n> これはいらなくなった服でお母さんが作ったんだ\n\nI understand the meaning, which would roughly be: My mother made this with\nclothes that were not needed. My question is, why is it using that verb\nconjugation: いらない+なる=いらなくなった (to become not needed).\n\nAm I missing some nuance in the translation? Why is the sentence written in\nthis way and would this be incorrect or unnatural?:\n\n> これはいらなかった服でお母さんが作ったんだ\n\nみなさんありがとう！",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T15:33:01.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33334",
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"owner_user_id": "9478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Why is it using いらなくなった instead of いらなかった here?",
"view_count": 424
} | [
{
"body": "いらなくなった has nuance that \"I needed the clothes before but it became not needed\nnow.\"\n\nI think いらなかった don't have the nuance like \"I needed the clothes before.\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T16:31:13.357",
"id": "33336",
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},
{
"body": "My nuance is as follows:\n\n> いらなくなった服： used clothes [使]{つか}い[古]{ふる}し \n>\n>\n> いらなかった服 ： leftover clothes [余]{あま}り[物]{もの} \n>\n>\n> いらない服 ： unneeded clothes [不要品]{ふようひん} \n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T17:46:25.067",
"id": "33340",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33334 | 33340 | 33336 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33338",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a ことわざ which means \"don't talk about things you don't understand\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T16:21:51.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33335",
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"owner_user_id": "9199",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "ことわざ for staying out of things you don't understand",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "There is commonly an used phrase which has the meaning as you say, it is\n知ったかぶり but it isn't ことわざ.\n\nIn ことわざ, 知らざるを知らざると為せ是知るなり is the one but it isn't common. The meaning is that\n\"知っていることと知らないことをはっきり区別し、知らないことは知らないと認めるのが本当に知ることだということ (Distinguishing what\nyou know and you don't know, and it is truly knowing to accept what you don't\nknow without pretending to know them.)\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T17:05:04.950",
"id": "33338",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-24T04:41:08.417",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-24T04:41:08.417",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "33335",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33335 | 33338 | 33338 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "53306",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> その返事と、その笑顔が、一番たまらなかった。\n>\n> **一度や二度じゃ、とうてい伝えきれないくらいに。**\n\nMy main confusion is with the 一度や二度じゃ part of the above. The character just\nconfessed his feelings to someone and after hearing her response we see the\nabove. I've looked up and 一度や二度じゃ or 一度や二度では appear to be relatively commonly\nused in these types of statements.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 初めて訪れた時、一度や二度ではとても回りきれないことを知り、時間がかかってもいつかは制覇しようと思っていました。\n\nThis makes sense to me as it means one or two times (of visiting the place).\nHowever, I don't quite understand what it means in the context of\n一度や二度じゃ、とうてい伝えきれないくらいに. One or two what exactly?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T16:44:58.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "9219",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Meaning of 一度や二度じゃ、とうてい伝えきれないくらいに",
"view_count": 330
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence means \"I can't tell you only once or twice. I want to tell you\nmore.\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T17:21:19.347",
"id": "33339",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-03T19:00:29.070",
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},
{
"body": "> その返事と、その笑顔が、一番たまらなかった。\n>\n> 一度や二度じゃ、とうてい伝えきれないくらいに。\n\nIn this context, 「一度や二度じゃ」 should mean:\n\n> \" _ **in one sitting or two**_ \"\n\nThere was simply too much to tell about その返事とその笑顔.\n\n> \" _ **His/Her reply and smile were so amazing to the extent that I just\n> could not tell you everything in one sitting or two!**_ \"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-17T09:24:16.053",
"id": "53306",
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"parent_id": "33337",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33337 | 53306 | 33339 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33342",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's the \"ship\" from relationship, and generally refers to a romantic or\nsexual pairing/couple that an individual finds enjoyment from and/or supports.\nI know about the naming conventions (eg. サスサク), just not what the support is\ncalled. eg: 「サスサクは私の好きな何々です。」とか「どれの二人は愛にされていると思いますか。」シップかペアか何かと言って知りません。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T17:58:21.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33341",
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"owner_user_id": "14073",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "What's a \"ship\" called in Japan?",
"view_count": 2921
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's カップリング or simply CP. Japanese Wikipedia article on the topic:\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/カップリング_(同人)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0_\\(%E5%90%8C%E4%BA%BA\\))\n\nFor example, here is some thread where people are talking about 好きなカップリング:\n<http://f-talk.net/others/727/>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-03T20:20:00.123",
"id": "33342",
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
"parent_id": "33341",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 33341 | 33342 | 33342 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33345",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm putting together an Anki deck based on the Tatoeba corpus, and I'm\nuncertain about the translation provided for one of the sentences. The\nsentence \"スミス先生、生徒が二人足りません。\" is translated as \"There are two students missing,\nMr. Smith.\" My concern is with the use of 足りません here. Is this the most natural\nway to express this sentiment?\n\nI'm familiar with 足りません in its meanings of 'to be insufficient' or 'to not be\nworthy', and it seems to a poor student like myself that the sentence should\nbe \"Two students are not enough [for the implied task], Mr. Smith.\" If 足りません\nisn't appropriate for the given translation, would 抜ける or 無くなる be better\nchoices?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T02:59:17.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33344",
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"owner_user_id": "10099",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "足りません - can it also mean 'missing'?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "I'm pretty sure that in this case, a more \"transparent\" translation would be\n\"Mr. Smith, we're two students short.\" To me, the implication seems to be that\n足りません means \"insufficient\" in the sense that whatever number of students they\nhave is two short of being a full class, thus it is \"insufficient\" or \"not\nenough\" to call it a full class. Thus 生徒二人 in this case is an adverb. If we\nwere using your interpretation of \"two students are not enough,\" the sentence\nwould be something like: \"スミス先生、二人の生徒では足りません\" or something like that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T04:26:43.287",
"id": "33345",
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"owner_user_id": "9596",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 33344 | 33345 | 33345 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33383",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "菩提心をおこすこと、かならず慮知心をもちいる。\n\nIt's something about enlightenment and Buddha thing, but I can't find any\nEnglish equivalent to 慮知心, not to mention the whole expression.\n\n\"Enlightenment through empathy\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T10:47:39.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33347",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-05T11:21:03.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"religion"
],
"title": "Obscure religious expression",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "Leaving the two pieces of jargon as-is, this archaic Japanese sentence can be\ntranslated as \"To make/cause/realize 菩提心, one always uses 慮知心.\"\n\n菩提心 is explained in [this Wikipedia\narticle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhicitta).\n\n慮知心 seems to be much rarer, and it's a word introduced by\n[道元](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen) as one of the \"three types of\n心\" (mind/heart). To put it very plainly, 慮知心 is 思慮分別する心 (\"mind that reasons\nand thinks deeply\"), according to\n[this](http://seesaawiki.jp/w/turatura/d/%CE%B8%C3%CE%BF%B4).\n\nSo I think the whole sentence roughly means \"To try to achieve the\nenlightenment of Buddha, you must exert your reasoning skills.\" or something\nlike that. But 慮知心 seems to have a much deeper meaning to Buddhism experts, so\nyou may want to ask about this word in [Buddhism Stack\nExchange](https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-05T11:18:19.887",
"id": "33383",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 33347 | 33383 | 33383 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How does one say:\n\n> Knowing that I hurt you (your feelings) is breaking my heart.\n\n\"Breaking my heart\" I think I know:\n\n> 胸が張り裂けています。\n\nbut the first part and how to connect the two I'm clueless about.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T13:14:53.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33349",
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"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "14077",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say \"Knowing that I hurt you is breaking my heart\"",
"view_count": 546
} | [
{
"body": "I think the sentence \"Knowing that I hurt you \" can be translated as\nあなたを傷つけたと知る.\n\nI translate your sentence as あなたを傷つけたと知り、私の胸は張り裂けそうだ.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T16:56:28.187",
"id": "33358",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-21T14:45:55.803",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-21T14:45:55.803",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "あなたを傷つけたと知って、胸が張り裂けそうです。 How about this one?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-20T08:46:44.723",
"id": "33671",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-20T08:46:44.723",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14217",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I'll give a shot at my own translation for this:\n\n> あなたを傷つけたと思うと、胸が張り裂けそう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T12:52:01.517",
"id": "34239",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
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| 33349 | null | 33358 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33361",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This is a quote from a Japanese woman (the English translation is her own)\nsaying that she would like to have a kid.\n\n> Finally I met my sweet sweet niece!!!!!!!! I...I...I want a baby, too lol\n>\n> ついに、ついに姪っ子と初対面♪( ´θ｀)ノ 子宮がうずく（笑）\n\nThe Japanese wording was however somewhat unusual for me, as it literally\nmeans something along the lines that her womb is throbbing. Is this phrase\ncommonly used, or was it just a unique way to say that she wants a baby?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T13:30:06.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33350",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-04T20:12:02.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "11176",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Is 子宮が疼く commonly used for wanting a child?",
"view_count": 1325
} | [
{
"body": "I had to do some research to find out the answer to your question... Let's\njust, err, not discuss how I found this out.\n\n「子宮がうずく」, according to the great internet at least, is an expression usually\nused under a sexual context meaning \"to get really excited\". And I mean,\nlike.. really excited. I'll spare you the details, but it is generally used in\nsituations like one where girls go to a bar and they see a really handsome\nguy, so they say that he's a ”子宮がうずく男\". The nuance behind this is that\nregardless of whether or not they like that guy, they find him attractive, so\nyou can kind of guess the rest. I am really not sure why that woman said that,\nthough. I could only find sexual contexts for that expression. There is some\nchance she said it tongue-in-cheek, but I really can't say. I most certainly\ndid not find any evidence pointing towards \"wanting to have a baby\".\n\nAnyway this is what I could come up with, maybe a native speaker can tell you\nmore.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T20:10:49.590",
"id": "33361",
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{
"body": "Definitely not common. In the US, I don't think people would use something\nlike the direct translation \"My uterus is itching\" to express wanting a child.\n\nTo me, it has a more sexual connotation, to be sexually aroused, to want\nsomeone's baby. Whether or not the woman using this line meant that, I'm not\nsure, but I read it as \"I want to go have someone's baby\" or to be blunt, \"I\nwant to go have sex\".\n\nEither way, it's best not to use the line in public, and instead bed replaced\nwith something more common like 「赤{あか}ちゃんが欲{ほ}しい」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-05T03:26:25.230",
"id": "33365",
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},
{
"body": "When I was in middle age, I heard this phrase fairly often. 子宮が疼く- meaning _a\nuterus gets excited_ refers to the sexual excitement of women, in bars and\nnight clubs. It doesn’t apply to man’s sexual desire. Nor does it mean \"I want\nto have a baby.\"\n\nThe phrase was used in the headlines of yellow papers and subtitles of erotic\nfilms called “Romance Porno”, and I thought the phrase is completely outdated\nnow.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-08T00:58:37.783",
"id": "33427",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-08T20:41:23.943",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "33350",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 33350 | 33361 | 33361 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33352",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The situation is that I've expressed that I like Sushi, and then want to\nproceed and explain why that is, describing sushi as delicious and _healthy_.\nSomething along the lines of:\n\n> すしはおいしくて _ヘルシー_ ですから。\n\nNow I don't think ヘルシー or 元気 are probably the right choices here. It is also,\nthat the fish itself is not healthy (it's usually just pretty dead when eating\nit), but it's good for the one eating the fish, that will get the health\nbenefits.\n\nThis might be a trivial translation, but I'd be interested to see how I could\nfind the correct answer myself, as a dictionary search on\n[jisho](http://jisho.org/) showed me interesting new vocabulary, but not quite\nwhat I was looking for.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-04T14:02:56.120",
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"owner_user_id": "11369",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"translation",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "What is the correct \"healthy\" adjective for healthy foods?",
"view_count": 10238
} | [
{
"body": "The word you're looking for is 体にいい (literally: _good for your body_ in other\nwords ~~healthy~~ healthful).\n\n> 寿司は美味しいし体にもいいからかなり好きよ。 \n> Sushi is delicious and it's even good for your health. I quite like it, you\n> know.\n\nI would not vouch for the naturalness of my example sentence but that's the\nidea.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-04T14:18:44.383",
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]
| 33351 | 33352 | 33352 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm not too sure if what I think I should say is correct so I would like to\nask for some help. I'm trying to say something like, \"If you don't mind, I'd\nlike to know what game software you use\" or something like that. I'm trying to\nbe polite since I've never spoken to this person before, but at the same time\nI want to sound natural and not too formal if possible. Here's what I think I\nshould send:\n\n> もしよろしければ、ゲームソフトは何をお使いのは教えていただけませんですか。\n\nIs this too polite? Or too messy?\n\nWould something like this be better:\n\n> 聞いてもよろしければ、どんなゲームソフトを使っていますか。\n\nSo much for passing N4, haha. But anyways, that's all! Thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T15:44:35.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "14080",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Best way to say \"if you don't mind ____\" in this circumstance?",
"view_count": 2360
} | [
{
"body": "Your sentences are unnatural. I suggest this sentence\n\"もしよかったら、どんな(何の)ゲームソフトを使っているか教えてください。\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T15:58:45.813",
"id": "33354",
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{
"body": "I'm going to try answering this using what little I've studied so far:\n\n> もしよろしければ、ゲームソフトは何をお使いのは教えていただけませんですか。\n\nAlthough a way to make 使う honorific is to use お使いです, I think this can only be\ndone when it comes at the end of the sentence, not with other words in\nbetween. Furthermore, the sentence is trying to use both お使いです and いただけませんか,\nwhich I imagine are two different ways to end a sentence. This could explain\none reason why Yuuichi Tam found the sentence unnatural.\n\nAdditionally, your sentence uses 2 は topic particles which signals to me that\nthe sentence is unnatural; if 2 は particles are to be present, one of them\nmust be a contrastive は, such as in 私は 今朝は 学校へ 行きませんでした。(perhaps before saying\nでも、昨日は 行きました。)\n\nI'm not sure about your second sentence, so I shan't try to answer.\n\nHere are my attempts if you absolutely have to use keigo:\n\n> もし よろしければ、 **どんな** ゲームソフトを 使っているのか 教えていただけませんか。\n>\n> もし よろしければ、 **どんな** ゲームソフトを 使っている **か** 教えていただけませんか。\n\nAlso, N4 grammar does include the construction ~てもかまわない; perhaps you can try\n聞いても構わなかったら or similar constructions.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T16:07:27.063",
"id": "33355",
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{
"body": "> もしよろしければ、ゲームソフトは何をお使い **のは** 教えていただけません **です** か。\n\nYou can't use のは here; you need to use か, as in 「何をお使い **か**\n教えて~~」「何を使ってい(らっしゃ)る **か** 教えて~~」「何をお使いなの **か** 教えて~~」「何を使ってい(らっしゃ)るの **か**\n教えて~~」. \nAnd you don't need です here, as ません is already the polite form. \nSo, you could say:\n\n> * もしよろしければ / [差]{さ}し[支]{つか}えなければ、ゲームソフトは何をお使い(なの)か教えていただけませんか。←formal\n> * もしよろしければ / 差し支えなければ、ゲームソフトは何を使っていらっしゃる(の)か教えていただけませんか。←formal\n> * もしよかったら、ゲームソフトは何を使っている(の)か教えてくれませんか。←less formal \n> etc.\n>\n\nOf course you can use どんなゲームソフトを instead of ゲームソフトは何を.\n\n* * *\n\n> 聞いてもよろしければ、どんなゲームソフトを使っていますか。\n\nThe formal よろしければ doesn't go well with 聞いても and 使っていますか.\n「聞いてもよかったら、~~使っていますか。(less formal)」「お聞きしてもよろしければ、~~使っていらっしゃいますか。 /\nお使いですか。(formal)」 would be grammatically okay, but I think we would more\ncommonly say:\n\n> * どんなゲームソフトを使っていらっしゃるか、お聞きしてもよろしいですか。←formal\n> * どんなゲームソフトを使っているか、聞いてもいいですか。←less formal\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T08:47:28.583",
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| 33353 | null | 33376 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33369",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In English we put the following phrases below software we want customers to\ndownload to put their mind at ease (for example, a neat weather app).\n\n * ✓100% virus free\n * ✓Contains no malware \n * ✓Contains no spyware \n * ✓Certified adware free\n * ✓This file is clean and safe\n\netc.\n\nWhat is an equivalent phrase in Japanese (not literal translations, but a\nphrase _actually used_ in practice)?\n\nSomething like \"✓ウイルス等が検出されませんでした\", but more optimistic and reassuring.\n\nNote: Searching for a live example has proven fruitless as Google searches\nlead to anti-virus software, not \"clean\" downloads.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T16:46:14.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33356",
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"owner_user_id": "10052",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"phrase-requests",
"business-japanese",
"english-to-japanese",
"copywriting"
],
"title": "How to say \"100% virus free\"?",
"view_count": 459
} | [
{
"body": "ウイルス等が検出されませんでした sounds more like \"No virus were detected\", which is different\nfrom \"Virus-free\".\n\nThe first thing I'd like to mention is that most sophisticated Japanese\ne-commerce sites do not say anything like this in their download pages, at\nleast in a large font. To me, saying \"virus free\" loudly already smells like\ntypical foreign sites (some of which are actually risky) built by non-native\nspeakers of Japanese.\n\nThat said, perhaps the most natural wording would be \"ウイルスチェック済み\" (lit. \"virus\ncheck performed\"), \"マルウェア・スパイウェアを一切含んでいません\" (lit. \"contains no\nmalware/spyware\"), etc.\n\nSome sites do say something like \"複数のセキュリティソフトで検査した上でソフトを公開しています\" (\"We host\nsoftware after checking it using more than one security solutions\") in a\nrelatively small font.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-05T05:55:24.960",
"id": "33369",
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{
"body": "Using a word なし seems to be a common way in Japanese, if a company or a\ndeveloper team provides this kind of information.\n\nFor example, [a Japanese webpage about a software called AOMEI\nBuckupper](http://www.backup-utility.com/jp/free-trial.html) uses this\nexpression.\n\n> 100％クリーンのインストール： スパイウェアなし、アドウェアなし、 **ウィルスなし** ！ご安心ください。\n\nIn [the English webpage of this](http://www.backup-utility.com/free-\ntrial.html), it says\n\n> 100% Clean Installation: NO SPYWARE, NO ADWARE, NO VIRUSES! Please set your\n> mind at rest.\n\nAs shown, literally, it’s a little different from your phrases, but I think\nthe purpose is the same, so hope it helps.\n\nSome websites use 無し instead of なし. For example, [a webpage about Avant\nBrowser](http://www.avantbrowser.com/default.aspx?uil=ja) uses the following\nexpression.\n\n> 広告無し、 **ウイルス無し** 、スパイウェア無し、マルウェア無し！\n\nSo, a phrase actually used in practice is ウイルスなし or ウイルス無し in many cases.\n\nIf you’d like to know more, please try some Japanese version websites of other\nsoftwares. Their translation may be helpful.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-05T09:57:44.683",
"id": "33380",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 33356 | 33369 | 33369 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33367",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here are several words that can be used to describe someone's face, facial\nexpression, or attitude along with their definitions from\ndictionary.goo.ne.jp, which are all related to the word 引き締まった。\n\n> * 引き締まる － たるみがなくなり、固く締まる\n> * [凛]{りん} － 態度・容姿・声などが、きびしくひきしまっているさま。\n> * [凜凜]{りり}しい － きりっとひきしまっている。\n> * きりっと － きちんとしてゆるみのないさま。\n> * [颯爽]{さっそう} － 人の姿や態度・行動がきりっとして、見る人にさわやかな印象を与えるさま。\n>\n\nI can understand the physical meaning, but the idea seems to be used in a more\nfigurative way when describing a person's face, expression, or attitude. Can\nsomeone explain the nuance of 引き締まった in this context? For example, does it\nhave a positive or negative meaning? Is it more often used to describe a\ntransient characteristic or someone's essence?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T16:52:47.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "13814",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What nuance does 引き締まった顔 imply?",
"view_count": 190
} | [
{
"body": "It's not so figurative, but yes it carries some connotations over the physical\ndescription. The word 引き締まる (lit. \"be fastened tight\") generally implies\ncommendable evaluation with the impression of lean and streamlined feeling,\nself-discipline, sense of duty etc. as opposed to being just strained\nnervously.\n\nOf course, as @strawberryjam said in the comment, it can also mean purely\nphysical (about your body) things, that is you have little excess flesh.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T04:49:50.670",
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| 33357 | 33367 | 33367 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33362",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was thinking more ways to express the reason for doing something, for\ninstance, in these three sentences:\n\n> I want to go to Japan **to work**.\n>\n> I study hard **to get high marks**.\n>\n> I will go to the concert **to avoid being at home**.\n\nI can only come up with ために. Is there another way to say it? Can I actually\nuse ために in all those three cases?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-04T19:29:48.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33359",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"reason"
],
"title": "Another way to express the reason for doing something, apart from ために",
"view_count": 504
} | [
{
"body": "You actually can't use ため for all of them.\n\nため specifically connotes that the second action is under the control of\nwhoever performs the first action. Your first example is a good case for this:\nyou are going to Japan, and you are in control of whether or not you work\n(theoretically - if you phrased this as 'to find work', you wouldn't be able\nto use ため).\n\nThe alternative to ため(に) is よう(に). よう specifically connotes that the second\naction isn't under the control of whoever performs the first action. Your\nsecond example is a good case for this: You study hard and hope that you get\ngood marks, but you're not the one controlling whether or not you get good\nmarks (at least directly).\n\nWith verbs of motion (行く、来る、戻る, etc) you can use the 連用形 form of the verb plus\nに directly - for example, 取りに行く 'go in order to get'. You can't separate the\npurpose from the motion verb, though - *働きに日本に行く is ungrammatical.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-04T21:21:01.233",
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| 33359 | 33362 | 33362 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the なのに mean in this sentence from Makino and Tsutsui's A Dictionary\nof Advanced Japanese Grammar:\n\n> アパートの家賃を払うのが精一杯 **なのに** 、まして（や）家を買うなんて夢物語だ\n\nDictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar translation:\n\n\"I am just managing to pay the rent for my apartment; how much more of a dream\nit is to imagine buying my own house!\"\n\nThis entry is teaching まして which I understand, I fathom that the なの is simply\nused for emphasis, and the に in its use as a sentence final to indicate\nsympathy or regret (Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar p. 234). Am I\nright in thinking this or is it something else?\n\nMany thanks in advance :)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-04T19:47:53.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-04T20:00:04.377",
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"owner_user_id": "13853",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Question regarding the use of なのに",
"view_count": 384
} | [
{
"body": "Maybe you're thinking too much. のに is [a\nparticle](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/172162/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AB/)\nthat is often translated into \"while, with [ _some contrary condition_ ]\".\nSince it derives from nominalizer の, nouns and na-adjectives that come before\nit should put な (< copula だ) at the end.\n\nAn interesting fact about ましてや is that, the antecedent can be stated with both\nから and のに.\n\n> アパートの家賃を払うのが精一杯なのに、まして家を買うなんて夢物語だ\n>\n> アパートの家賃を払うのが精一杯なのだから、まして家を買うなんて夢物語だ",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 33360 | null | 33366 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What means 目えかける in this phrase? Is a type of contraction? What is the grammar\nbehind this?\n\n> 見所{みどころ}のある奴{やつ}に目{め}ぇかける",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T02:57:39.267",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What means 目えかける in this phrase?",
"view_count": 48
} | []
| 33363 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "自分 can mean myself and yourself but, how do you know when the speaker is\nreferring to him/herself or to you? As in, how could you know when the speaker\nis saying \"myself\" instead of \"yourself\" (to the listener)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-05T03:15:12.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33364",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-12T07:55:48.970",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-05T11:12:13.590",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14066",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"pronouns",
"ambiguity",
"reflexives"
],
"title": "自分 How to know what it means?",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "You can look at the verb it's used with.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 自分で **やります** - I will do it myself\n>\n> 自分で **やってください** - Please do it yourself",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-12T02:37:35.450",
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| 33364 | null | 33506 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33371",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am translating the following sentence I found in my workbook.\n\n> 美味しそう **な** 写真を見て、思わず[涎]{よだれ}が出た。\n\n`美味しい` is an i-adjective, so why is there a `な`?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-05T06:33:42.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33370",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-05T07:20:01.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Why is there a な in this sentence?",
"view_count": 387
} | [
{
"body": "This isn't simply 美味しい, but 美味しそう. The そう suffix means 'appears to be', and it\ntakes な.\n\n> When I saw a photo of delicious-looking food, I couldn't help but drool.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T06:52:23.290",
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{
"body": "This そうな is the 連体形{れんたいけい} (attributive form) of verbal auxiliary そうだ, which\nindicates mode.\n\n美味{おい}し is the stem of 美味{おい}しい. The verbal auxiliary そうだ is placed after the\nstem of an adjective.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T07:27:42.890",
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{
"body": "Oishii (i-adjective): The food actually tastes good.\n\nOishisou (with sou auxiliary verb): The food looks good.\n\nSou auxiliary verb expresses \"seem\" or \"look\" together with a verb,\ni-adjective, or na-adjective.\n\n(sou examples) \n\n> with verb: \n> [雨]{あめ}が[降]{ふ}りそうだ (ame ga furisou da): Looks like it will rain.\n>\n> with i-adjective: \n> これは[高]{たか}そうだ (kore wa takasou da): It looks expensive.\n>\n> with na-adjective: \n> そこはにぎやかそうだ (soko wa nigiyaka sou da): That place looks lively.\n\nAnd then putting na after sou makes a modifier to a noun. \n(examples) \n\n> [高]{たか}そうな[時計]{とけい} (takasou na tokei) expensive-looking watch \n> おいしそうな[食]{た}べ[物]{もの} (oishisou na tabemono) delicious-looking food",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T10:56:43.247",
"id": "33382",
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| 33370 | 33371 | 33371 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33377",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the differences between the following 2 sentences?\n\nA: 僕は小さい字がだんだん読めないようになった。(Lit: I gradually became unable to read small\ncharacters.)\n\nB: 僕は小さい字がだんだん読めなくなってきた。(Lit: I gradually became unable to read small\ncharacters.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T07:42:53.370",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect"
],
"title": "だんだん読めないようになった versus だんだん読めなくなってきた",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "A is less natural than B, because だんだん, which stands for a gradual change,\ndoesn't really get along with なった, which is an instantaneous change.\n\nBut it sounds like approximation of だんだん読めないようになっていった. In this case, the\ndifference is, なってきた means that the change continues from a certain point in\nthe past to the moment of speech, while なっていった means that the change started\nbut it doesn't refer to whether it has reached the moment of speech.",
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T09:42:33.913",
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| 33373 | 33377 | 33377 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a word for \" _ **alcohol-free**_ event\", as in a social event, like a\nparty, where alcohol is not served?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-05T07:54:46.790",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "\"Alcohol-free\" event",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "It would be either 飲酒禁止のイベント (if alcohol is explicitly prohibited) or\nお酒が出ないイベント (if \"alcohol is not served\" is all what you want to imply). I know\nit's not short, but \"`X`-free\" is often difficult to translate to Japanese.\n\n\"Alcohol-free beer\" is ノンアルコールビール, and \"sugar-free gum\" is 無糖ガム, シュガーフリーガム,\n砂糖の入っていないガム, etc., by the way.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T10:04:06.203",
"id": "33381",
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| 33374 | null | 33381 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33379",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read in [an\narticle](http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASJ3J5SXZJ3JUTIL03M.html?iref=comtop_6_01)\nfrom the [Asahi Shimbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asahi_Shimbun) :\n\n> 学校{がっこう}で朝食{ちょうしょく}、おなかも心{こころ}も満{み}たす 高知{こうち}の小学校{しょうがっこう}\n>\n>\n> 文部科学省{もんぶかがくしょう}が「早寝早起{はやねはやお}き朝{あさ}ごはん」国民{こくみん}運動{うんどう}を始{はじ}めて１０年{ねん}。だが近年{きんねん}、朝食{ちょうしょく}を食べない子{こ}の割合{わりあい}は増加{ぞうか}傾向{けいこう}だ。そんななか、子{こ}どもたちに朝食{ちょうしょく}を出{だ}している学校{がっこう}がある。\n\nMy translation (disclaimer : I'm not fluent at all in English, feel free to\ncorrect me)\n\n> Breakfast at school : satisfy the stomach and the mind (elementary schools\n> at Kōchi).\n>\n> 10 years ago began the national movement \"a breakfast for the early to bed,\n> early to rise children\", a movement initiated by the Minister of Education.\n> However in the last years, the percentage of children who don't eat\n> breakfast is growing. XXX(that's why ???), some schools serve breakfast to\n> the children.\n\nWhat does \"そんななか\" mean ? Is it an [allegro form](http://www.merriam-\nwebster.com/dictionary/allegro%20form) for `そんな中` ?",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "meaning of そんななか、",
"view_count": 347
} | [
{
"body": "This そんななか essentially is そのような状況の中で, and means \"meanwhile\", \"against this\nbackground\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T09:55:46.347",
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| 33378 | 33379 | 33379 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33385",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Usually といけない follows ない形 of 辞書形. For example,\n\n * 寝る前に、歯を磨かないといけない。I have to brush my teeth before sleeping.\n * 明日までに宿題を出さないといけない。I have to hand in my homework by tomorrow.\n\nToday, I read a new grammar 辞書形＋といけない. I really don't know what this grammar\nmean. For example,\n\n * 風邪を引くといけないから、暖かい服を着たほうがいい。\n * 子供が寂しがるといけないと思って、おもちゃで遊ばせておきました。\n * 子供に言い過ぎるといけないと思うが、すぐ口を出してしまう。\n\nThe book also provides other but similar meanings for each sentence above as\nfollows.\n\n * ～引いてはから～ is equal to ～引くといけないから～\n * ～寂しがってはと思って～ is equal to ～寂しがるといけないと思って～\n * ～言い過ぎてはと思うが～ is equal to ～言い過ぎるといけないと思うが～\n\nAny comments and suggestion are appreciated.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T15:16:34.727",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 辞書形＋といけない mean?",
"view_count": 4129
} | [
{
"body": "I think that what is important to see here is that the と here is the\nconditional-と.\n\n> * 歯を磨かないと…if you don't brush your teeth\n> * 風邪を引くと…if you catch a cold\n>\n\nNext step is to understand the いけない part. You can see it as _won't go (well)_\nin the meaning of _not good_.\n\n> * 歯を磨かないといけない…if you don't brush your teeth, that'll be not good. (Hence\n> the meaning of: you **must** brush your teeth.)\n> * 風邪を引くといけないから、暖かい服を着たほうがいい。…because if you catch a cold it will be _no\n> good_ , you'd better wear a warm piece of clothing. (Hence, you should wear\n> a warm piece of clothing because you don't want to end up catching a cold.)\n>\n\n* * *\n\nHere ては is a shortened version of てはだめだ・てはいけない・てはならない. Again, ては indicates\nconditional.\n\nSo 引いては~から ≒ 引いてはいけない ≒ 引くといけない",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T15:48:20.627",
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| 33384 | 33385 | 33385 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33387",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was studying some radicals using an app and one of the radicals listed is\ndefined as river and looks like this:\n\n> 巛\n\nYet I know the kanji for river looks like:\n\n> 川\n\nCan anyone explain to me what the difference is?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T17:40:34.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "12334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Two Kanji Radicals for \"River\"?",
"view_count": 535
} | [
{
"body": "川 is the kanji used normally for \"river\". 巛 (まがりがわ) is a radical, like\n氵(さんずい).\n\nWhen speaking about radicals, 川 and 巛 are said to be the same radical -\nradical 47, but only 川 is seen as both a radical and a separate kanji while 巛\nis only seen as part of other kanji. For example, 山川 is a word where 川 is a\nwhole kanji, and お巡りさん is a word with the 巛 radical (as part of 巡).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-05T18:21:15.657",
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| 33386 | 33387 | 33387 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am making this example based on some Japanese I heard about a different\nsubject, but the basic context is the same.\n\nThe context is that someone has lived in a fishing village for a long time. As\na result, they have eaten many types of fish:\n\n> \"数年も漁村に住んでて、いろんな魚種類を食べてる **のだ** 。\"\n\nhowever, I would say it without \"のだ\":\n\n> \"数年も漁村に住んでて、いろんな魚種類を食べてる。\"\n\nSo, is it like a native speaker will not feel an **implied causation** between\n(1) my having lived in a fishing village for a long time, (2) I have eaten a\nlot of different types of fish _unless_ I attach the \"のだ\"? (1) and (2) could\nbe completely different thoughts in the same sentence?\n\nWhat I mean by implied causation is as such:\n\n> Having lived in a fishing village for several years, I have been eating many\n> types of fish.\n\nBecause of the implied causation, I don't need to say\n\n> **Because** I have been living in a fishing village for several years, I\n> have been eating several different types of fish.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T02:55:05.433",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Purpose of \"のだ\" in \"数年も漁村に住んでて、いろんな魚種類を食べてるのだ\"?",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "のだ, its abbreviated form んだ, and the polite forms のです and んです, impart a kind\nof explanatory emphasis. There are other posts that go into this more:\n\n * [What is the meaning of ～んです?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5398/what-is-the-meaning-of-%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99)\n * [How is the \"のです\" working here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3349/how-is-the-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-working-here)\n * [「んだ」の使い方について質問させていただきます](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30010/%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0-%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E6%96%B9%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99)\n * [過去形＋のだ versus 現在形＋のだった](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15003/%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E5%BD%A2%EF%BC%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0-versus-%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%E5%BD%A2%EF%BC%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F)\n * [What connotation does なんだ add?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1859/what-connotation-does-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0-add)",
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{
"body": "The indication of the the cause-effect relationship between (1) and (2) will\nbe there with or without the のだ. Why? Because that implication comes from the\nparticle \"て\" in \"住んで **て** \", and the \"のだ\" has nothing to do with it.\n\nHere is the relevant definition of \"て\" from 広辞苑:\n\n> ㋒ 原因・理由を示す。・・・から。・・・ので。(TL: Indicates cause or reason; ...から, ...ので)\n\nHence: \"数年も漁村に住んで **て** 、いろんな種類の魚を食べてる(のだ)。\" ＝ \"数年も漁村に住んでる **から**\n、いろんな種類の魚を食べてる(のだ)。\"\n\n* * *\n\nI imagine your confusion comes from reading that sometimes のだ is used to give\nreason or to add an explanatory tone to a statement. This is true; however\n(therefore?), in the case of your example \"数年も漁村に住んでて、いろんな種類の魚を食べてるのだ。\", it is\nthe sentence as a whole that serves as the reason/explanation of the prior\nstatement (which was not included), since it attaches to the main clause\n\"いろんな種類の魚を食べてる\".\n\nLet my slightly awkward example help illustrate this point:\n\n> 「 **僕は魚の味には少しうるさいよ。** 数年も漁村に住んでて、いろんな種類の魚を食べてる **んだ** 。」(I'm a bit fussy\n> when it comes to tasting fish; having lived in a fishing village for several\n> years, I've eaten many types of fish.)\n\nHere, the \"んだ\" points back to the previous sentence \"僕は魚の味には少しうるさいよ\", casting\n\"数年も漁村に住んでて、いろんな種類の魚を食べてる\" as the explanation for it. (I thought \"んだ\",\ncontracted form of \"のだ\", was more in step with the casual tone of the speaker\nso I changed it.)",
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| 33389 | 33392 | 33392 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33393",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of ことに当たるように in this example (there is already a post of\nにあたって/にあたり, but I can't understand)?\n\n> 以後{いご}はトムと協力{きょうりょく}してことに当{あ}たるように。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T05:48:13.257",
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"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of ことに当たるように?",
"view_count": 453
} | [
{
"body": "It's a fixed phrase:\n\n> **[事に当たる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/80358/meaning/m0u/)**\n>\n> **１** 物事を担当する。従事する。「式典には全社をあげて―・った」 \n> (Translation: _take charge of / engage in some work: \"The whole company was\n> involved in the ceremony.\"_)\n\n(The linked entry also has a second definition, but it's classical usage.\nForget it.)\n\nように that ends a sentence should be interpreted as formal command.\n\n> From now on, you should cooperate with Tom to handle it.\n\n* * *\n\nYou may be confused because both\n[こと](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/80340/meaning/m0u/)(①-3) and\n[当たる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4694/meaning/m0u/%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8B/)(5-㋐)\nare used here in their original meanings, rather than as function words. The\nbest practice is writing this こと in other than hiragana, but sometimes they do\nthis way. Nevertheless, you'll know the こと isn't a nominalizer but a\nstandalone noun because 協力して can't connect to it in this form.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T07:20:27.947",
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| 33391 | 33393 | 33393 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33399",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't really understand the differences between the following sentences.\n\n * 彼は新しい車をほしがっている。\n\n * 彼は新しい車をほしそうだ。\n\nIn both sentences, the speakers made conjectures based on the sign that the\nthird person (彼) is showing.\n\n# Question\n\n 1. What is the difference between the 2 sentences above?\n\n 2. Can I rewrite the second one as 彼は新しい車をほしがっていそうだ。Is it redundant?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T12:35:03.030",
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"id": "33394",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"suffixes",
"auxiliaries",
"modality"
],
"title": "ほしがっている versus ほしそうだ",
"view_count": 440
} | [
{
"body": "彼は新しい車をほしがっている can mean\n\n 1. He wants a new car （＝ …車が欲しいと思っている）\n 2. He is showing his desire for a new car\n\n彼は新しい車 **が** ほしそうだ means \"He looks desirous of a new car\".\n\n彼は新しい車をほしがっていそうだ is usually taken as something like \"I assume he is now\nbegging a new car\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T14:20:34.877",
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| 33394 | 33399 | 33399 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In 「となりのトトロ」, the two heroines (kind of) had a dream in which, with the help\nfrom Totoro, they made the seeds they had just put in the ground grow into a\nbig tree.\n\nHaving woken up, they found there was no tree in the field but the seeds did\nsprout. Then they started to exclaim: 「夢だけど、夢じゃなかった」.\n\n> メイ「木がない…」\n>\n> サツキ「あっ！」\n>\n> メイ「あっ！」\n>\n> サツキ「やったー！」\n>\n> サツキ・メイ「わあああ…」\n>\n> サツキ「夢だけど…」\n>\n> メイ「夢じゃなかった。」\n>\n> サツキ「夢だけど…」\n>\n> メイ「夢じゃなかった。」\n>\n> サツキ・メイ「バンザーイ。やったー。うふふ… わはは…」\n\nI wonder why they had not chosen to say 「夢だったけど」 instead of 「夢だけど」 (since the\ndream had ended).",
"comment_count": 4,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "On 「夢だけど、夢じゃなかった」 from 「となりのトトロ」",
"view_count": 251
} | [
{
"body": "Translating into English might make it confusing in this case.\n\nだ in だけど is 助動詞 and used when concluding something, presenting something, or\nspecifying something, etc. But this Japanese word だ itself actually doesn’t\nspecify the tense, so it can be used in the past, present or future tense.\nGenerally, the context or the other words in the sentence tell what kind of\ntense the sentence expresses.\n\nSo, the literal translation of their lines would be:\n\n> 夢 **だ** けど… ＝ **Definitely** a dream, but…\n>\n> 夢じゃなかった。 ＝ It wasn’t a dream.\n\nIf you’d like to see the definitions of this kind of だ, here is the link.\n\n[だ（助動）in 大辞林](http://www.excite.co.jp/world/j_dictionary/ITEM-\nDJR_da_-070/%E3%81%A0/)",
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| 33395 | null | 33697 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33400",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was solving exercises from the Genki II workbook when I stumbled upon this\nsentence: ”私は先生に東京の大学について聞きました”. It had to be changed into a sentence using\nhumble expressions. There appear to be 2 verbs つく and 聞く, so I thought that\nboth of them should be changed. However, according to the answer key, only the\nlatter one should (to お聞きしました/伺いました). It made me wonder if in sentences with\nmultiple verbs only the main one is changed to the humble speech, and if there\nare any additional things one should know when making a complex sentence using\nit (though I might be simply misunderstanding the original sentence).\n\nThe textbook doesn't appear to talk about this subject, and I can't seem to\nfind an answer using google (maybe my google-fu is just too weak).",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T13:15:33.350",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Sentences using humble expressions and multiple verbs",
"view_count": 291
} | [
{
"body": "That idiomatic ついて is not used in the original sense as a verb (i.e. \"to\nfollow\"), and furthermore, you don't have to apply your humbleness to 東京の大学.\n\nOtherwise, you will see the like of 先生について、世話をした → 先生にお付きして、お世話をし申し上げた.\n\nYou change verbs to the humble version whose direct or indirect object is one\nwhom you show your respect to.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-06T14:44:25.310",
"id": "33400",
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| 33396 | 33400 | 33400 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33402",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "According to the [Japanese\nwikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E3.81.A7.E4.B8.80.E8.88.AC.E7.9A.84.E3.81.AA.E3.82.AB.E3.83.BC.E3.83.89),\nthe playing cards (\"trump\") are named as follows (written in Japanese in\nkatakana):\n\nA: Ace\n\n2: Deuce\n\n**3: _torei_**\n\n**4: _keito_**\n\n**5: _shinku_**\n\n**6: _saisu_**\n\n7: Seven\n\n8: Eight\n\n9: Nine\n\n10: Ten\n\nJ: Jack\n\nQ: Queen\n\nK: King\n\nIt's quite clear that many names among those are from English. Those in bold\ntype here are quite etymologically obscure. Does anyone know about their\norigins?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T14:06:39.397",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Etymology of names of playing cards?",
"view_count": 488
} | [
{
"body": "The numbers in bold seem to be from Spanish, French or Italian.\n\n3: tre (Italian) -> とれい \n4: cuatro (Spanish)/quattro (Italian) -> けいと \n5: cince (Italian) -> ちーんけー ; cinq (French) -> しんく \n6: seis (Spanish) -> さいす",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T14:17:53.853",
"id": "33398",
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{
"body": "That Japanese Wikipedia entry says\n\n> \"エースおよびデュースは元々それぞれ **ダイス**\n> の1および2を表す言葉である。以前は3〜6はそれに倣って順にトレイ、ケイト、シンク、サイスと呼んでいた事もある\"\n\nand English Wikipedia entry about\n[dice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dice#Terms) says the following:\n\n> \"While the terms ace, deuce, trey, cater, cinque and sice have been made\n> obsolete by one to six, they are still used by some professional gamblers to\n> designate different sides of the dice. Ace is from the Latin as, meaning \"a\n> unit\";[18] the others are 2 to 6 in old French.[19]\".\n\nSo, these names were borrowed from English (ultimately from old French). Aside\nfrom etymology, these are completely obsolete and most Japanese don't even\nknow them.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T17:10:10.980",
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{
"body": "## Background\n\nThis was quite an interesting bit of research. These now-mostly-obsolete\nJapanese terms look very Latinate, but as many commenters have noted, the\nphonetics do not align as expected.\n\nAfter some digging, I've figured out why -- they are not directly from any\nLatinate language. The source was actually _English_ , much to my surprise.\n\nThe now-mostly-obsolete English source terms were imported into English from\nOld French via the Norman invasion of 1066, which explains the weird phonetic\nvariances: English phonology has undergone a number of historical processes\nthat did not affect the continental Latinate languages.\n\nBetween the [Japanese Wikipedia article linked by the\nasker](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E3.81.A7.E4.B8.80.E8.88.AC.E7.9A.84.E3.81.AA.E3.82.AB.E3.83.BC.E3.83.89),\nand the limited uses of the English terms (just cards and dice), a couple\npuzzling points become clear:\n\n 1. Why do these strange terms only cover the numbers 1 to 6? \n * These terms were specialized uses for games using dice, and a single die only goes from 1 to 6.\n 2. Why have these terms stuck around even though standard Japanese or standard English has other words for these numbers? \n * Specialty contexts (like gambling) can create the conditions for a sub-culture to have its own jargon, which tends to persist as long as people are interested in that sub-culture.\n * Once interest in that sub-culture wanes, the jargon terms themselves fade from use -- much as we see in both Japanese and English, where most of these terms have become obscure historical footnotes.\n\n## Etymologies back to Latin\n\n**Key:** JA = Japanese, EN = English, ME = Middle English, OF = Old French, LA\n= Latin, * before a form = unattested in what I can find, † before a form =\nobsolete in modern mainstream English\n\n * JA **エース** → EN [_ace_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ace#English) → ME [_ās_](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED2396) → OF [_as_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as#Old_French) → LA [_as_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as#Latin), originally meaning something like _\"a single penny\"_\n * JA **デュース** → EN [_deuce_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deuce#English) → ME [_dewes_](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED11454), [_deus_](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED11454) → OF [_deus_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deus#Old_French) → LA [_duo_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duo#Latin), _\"two\"_\n * JA **トレイ** → EN †[ _trey_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trey#English) → ME _treye_ , [_treie_](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED46901), _treis_ → OF [_treis_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treis#Old_French) → LA [_tres_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tres#Latin), _\"three\"_\n * JA **ケイト** → EN †[ _cater_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cater#Etymology_3), possible dialect form * _cate_ (compare Norman French [_quate_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quate#Norman)) → ME [_cater_](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=headword&rgxp=constrained&q1=cater), * _cate_ → OF _catre_ , [_quatre_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quatre#Old_French) → LA [_quattuor_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quattuor#Latin), _\"four\"_\n * JA **シンク** → EN †[ _cinq_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cinq#English) → ME * _cinq_ , [_cink_](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED7738) → OF [_cinq_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cinq#Old_French) or [_cinc_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cinc#Old_French) → LA [_quīnque_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quinque#Latin), _\"five\"_\n * JA **サイス** → EN †[ _sice_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sice#English) → ME _sice_ , [_sis_](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=headword&rgxp=constrained&q1=sis) → OF _sies_ or [_sis_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sis#Old_French) → LA [_sex_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sex#Latin), _\"six\"_\n\n### Sources:\n\n * [Merriam-Webster](http://www.merriam-webster.com/)\n * The [Middle English Dictionary](http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/)\n * [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/)\n\n**Note:** I have not found any source that specifically says _\"these Japanese\nterms are from English\"_ , except for エース, which is quite well attested. Other\nthan エース, these terms are entirely missing from my JA dictionaries. That said,\nEnglish is the one language that has all of these terms, all with the expected\nphonology to match the katakana (with the apparent exception of _cater_ ,\nwhich should be _cate_ to match the Japanese; while there is circumstantial\nevidence suggesting such a form might exist in English, I cannot find a solid\nsource for this).",
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| 33397 | 33402 | 33402 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33408",
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"body": "Initial searching in Japanese-Japanese dictionaries seem to suggest that it's\nalong the lines of \"has a bit of ..., so saying otherwise would be wrong\",\n\"more so than not\", and is a synonym to ないわけではない (though I personally don't\nreally understand ないわけではない either).\n\nAm I understanding it correctly? What would be an accurate and/or good way\n(these might not be the same) to translate it to English when it's part of a\nsentence, or is it something that's heavily context-dependent? Would it be\nsomething like \"it's not that [negative clause]\"?\n\nWhile I do have a [specific example](http://sai-zen-\nsen.jp/comics/twi4/tomochan/works/0294.jpg) of it being used that I'm\ninterested in, I'm also interested in the general case.\n\nP.S., A fan translation of that example translated it as \"Unfortunately yes\".\nIs this a good translation? Does the expression itself convey the\nexasperation, or is it simply in the tone it's said?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T16:01:28.437",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions",
"particle-は",
"negation"
],
"title": "What does ...なくはない mean?",
"view_count": 1980
} | [
{
"body": "As far as I'm aware, なくはない is a double negative with the meaning being\nsomething like, \"it's not that (whatever was said) is not the case\" with the\nimplication \"(whatever was said) may be true, but there is some issue with\nplainly stating 'yes.'\" So I guess \"not no\" is a good way to think about it.\n\nI personally wouldn't have translated that as \"unfortunately, yes.\" I might\nhave gone with something like, \"it's not like he can't do it.\" In this case\nshe happens to be exasperated because of her relationship with the character\nin question (I happen to have read this manga), but the phrase isn't\nspecifically tailored for exasperation.",
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{
"body": "わけではない is used when you're in a situation, or in regards to something that\nsomeone else has said, to indicate the belief that although something might\nseem to be the case, this may not hold true; however, it often can, depending\non the context, be used by speakers to simply deny things in a less direct\n(euphemistic or roundabout) way to try to address the face needs of the\ninterlocutor. For example, in a sentence like \"金がすべてというわけではない\"/\"Money isn`t\neverything.\", it's clear that the speaker is denying the statement. (There are\nmore examples at\n[jgram](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=wakedehanai)).\n\nThe strength of the negation can be increased by using \"別に\" e.g. as in\n\"別に病んでるわけではない\". わけではない can also be used to mean that something has some truth,\nbut is not binary.\n\nIt means \"may not necessarily be the case that it's not...\": the 訳{わけ} in\nわけではない refers to something _meaning_ something, being the _case_ that, being\nthe _circumstances_ that ... etc.\n\n* * *\n\nHowever, with なくはない, my dictionary says that it means 全くないわけではない (\"not like\nit's entirely not\") and that it also implies something can occur/take place,\nso I believe it isn't quite a synonym of ないわけではない. I haven't seen this as much\nas （ない）わけではない, but the\n[実用日本語表現辞典](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nsays that it tends to more often be used in a way which has negative\nconnotations, even if it doesn't necessarily convey exasperation.",
"comment_count": 6,
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| 33401 | 33408 | 33408 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33404",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a bit confused with passive sentences in Japanese. For example, when I\nwant to say \"My back was pushed by someone on the train.\", if I am correct,\nthe Japanese version can be phrased in 2 different style as follows.\n\n * A: 電車の中で、誰かに **背中を** 押された。\n * B: 電車の中で、 **背中が** 誰かに押された。\n\nIn English, the A seems to be weird while B is fine. How can subject and\nobject be interchangeable in Japanese passive sentences?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-06T17:14:20.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33403",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"particle-を",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Subject and object of a passive sentence are interchangeable?",
"view_count": 395
} | [
{
"body": "I'll present one model for thinking about Japanese passives -- hopefully it\nwill help.\n\nConsider the underlying active sentence:\n\n> 誰かが [私の]背中を 押した。\n\nTo make it passive, you demote the が-marked argument to に, and then pick\nsomething from the sentence to promote to が.\n\nIf you promote 私の to 私が, you get A. If you promote [私の]背中を to [私の]背中が, you get\nB.\n\n> A: **[私が]** 誰かに 背中を 押された。 \n> B: **[私の]** 背中が 誰かに 押された。\n\nIn passives, the grammatical subject is the thing \"being affected\". In\nsentence A, you are being affected by your back being pushed by someone. In\nsentence B, your back is being affected by being pushed by someone. Hopefully\nthat explains why two different things can work as the subject.\n\nSentences like A, where the subject is the person, are often referred to as\nthe \"adversarial passive\", due to having a connotation that the person was\nnegatively affected by the event. Since in sentence B, \"your back\" is the\nthing being affected, _you_ being affected is not explicit (although the\nsentence certainly doesn't negate that possibility).\n\nIf you'd like to hear more about this model, I've written about it more in my\nanswer to [「を」 object marker in this 受身形うけみけい\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18715/%E3%82%92-object-\nmarker-in-\nthis-%E5%8F%97%E8%BA%AB%E5%BD%A2%E3%81%86%E3%81%91%E3%81%BF%E3%81%91%E3%81%84-sentence/18720#18720).\nIf you'd really like all the details, you could also read Ishizuka, T. (2010).\n[Toward a Unified Analysis of Passive in Japanese: A Cartographic Minimalist\nApproach.](http://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/001036/current.pdf)",
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| 33403 | 33404 | 33404 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What does _dewa_ mean here?\n\n> ブラウンさん、日本語 **では** 、トイレはお手洗いと同じ意味ですよ\n\nI haven't really studied it yet and thought it was kind of a negative used\nlike _janai_ , but here it means-\n\n> Brown-san, in Japanese, toilet has the same meaning as bathroom.\n\nOr is it using the _de_ and _wa_ particles separately or something? I think\njust using _wa_ would have worked?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-06T18:11:33.360",
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"id": "33405",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "De wa or dewa, noob question",
"view_count": 3609
} | [
{
"body": "It's the use of the particle で + particle は, as you suggest.\n\nで in this case marks the mean/tool...\n\nは is a particle that marks the topic of the sentence and that can be added to\nother particles like this (as a general rule, don't take this for granted 100%\nof the time):\n\n * It absorbs が and を.\n\n> 私は学生だ。 私 is both the topic and the subject of the sentence.\n>\n> これは昨日買ったんだ。 これ is both the topic and the direct object of the sentence.\n\n * It either absorbs or is added to the particle に.\n\n> 庭(に)は犬がいる。\n\n * It's added to other case particles.\n\n> 日本では箸で食べる。\n\nTherefore:\n\n> Brown-san, in Japanese, トイレ has the same meaning as お手洗い.\n\n\"In Japanese\" being the topic, the hearer's attention is put on the rest of\nthe sentence which is the new information.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-06T18:54:19.763",
"id": "33406",
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| 33405 | null | 33406 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between the sentences below:\n\n> ビショップ **さえ** 取ればいいよ。\n>\n> ビショップを取り **さえ** すればいいよ。\n\nI also saw on a site that でさえ is the same as さえ in a sentence like 子供さえわかる.\nBut isn't で the 連用形 of だ? I would translate the sentence as below:\n\n> これは子供 **でさえ** わかるだろう : Even if you are a kid you should be able to\n> understand this.\n>\n> これは子供 **さえ** わかるだろう : Even a kid should be able to understand this.\n\nAnd my last question: I saw a translation for 「日本語 **さえ** 話せない」 which is \"you\ncan't even speak Japanese\", can I express the same thing by saying 「日本語 **も**\n話せない」? Or does this sentence only mean \"you cannot speak Japanese either\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-06T22:41:47.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33409",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"particle-も",
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "さえ: How to use it?",
"view_count": 763
} | [
{
"body": "The first pair is easily understood if you take notice where さえ attaches to.\n\nWhen you don't know _**what piece**_ you should capture, I can only say\n**ビショップさえ** 取ればいいよ; if you don't know _**what action**_ you should do to the\nBishop (e.g. if you take it, your piece would be eaten too, so which is more\nfavorable?), I can only say ビショップを **取りさえ** すればいいよ.\n\nIf your question is only \"What should I do in this position?\", then both will\ndo.\n\n* * *\n\n> _I also saw on a site that でさえ is the same as さえ in a sentence like\n> 子供さえわかる._\n\nReally? They're very different. Since さえ is a 取り立て助詞 \"focus particle(?)\" that\nisn't a primary particle, it generally can only come after another case\nparticle (格助詞). What you see as if さえ comes right after a noun is actually\neither **が** さえ or **を** さえ, but the two (and only they) are usually eaten by\n取り立て助詞.\n\n> 子供 **さえ** わかる ← 子供 **が** わかる \"understand children\" (or _could be_ \"children\n> understand\")\n>\n> 子供 **にさえ** わかる ← 子供 **に** わかる \"children can understand\" ( _lit._ \"be\n> understandable to children\")\n\nSo, the stumbling block here is, in fact, で.\n\n> 子供 **でさえ** わかる ← 子供 **で** わかる \"understand within children / as much as a\n> child can\"\n\nThis is a case particle, and not a paradigm of copula だ. It's rarely used\nalone in this sense, though it does exist:\n\n> 子供 **で** わからなければ、大人に聞くといい。\n\nBut instead it typically appears with 取り立て助詞, such as では, でも, ですら or でさえ.\n\n* * *\n\n日本語さえ話せない and 日本語も話せない can describe the same situation in most of times, but\nthere is a clear distinction; も comes from \"also\" thus means it's a deviation\nfrom criterion, while さえ implies that itself is a criterion. That is:\n\n> 日本語（○さえ／×も）話せなければ、聞かれても問題ない。 \n> _It doesn't matter if we're heard, as long as (=if only it's met that) they\n> don't speak Japanese._",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T04:12:39.570",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 33409 | null | 33430 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33415",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I understand, 退職金 can refer to severance pay or retirement (pension,\netc.).\n\nIf a company is in financial trouble and the members of the board are asked to\nresign and \"退職金返上\", does this refer to severance, pension, or both?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T02:57:52.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33414",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Possible meanings of the expression 退職金返上",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "退職金 is a flat amount of money you get when you retire as a thank you for your\nyears of service and dedication to the company. It is separate from pensions\nand other sorts of remuneration and is basically just a hefty bonus. 年金 is the\nword used to refer to the pension system and, as a public service that one\nwould have paid into over their lifetime, cannot be revoked (as far as I know,\nanyway).\n\nSo if you're the director of a company and you've been there a long time, you\ncan expect a large sum upon your retirement. But if you commit some sort of\nwrongdoing that brings shame to the company, especially in a public way, you\nmay be asked to leave and forfeit the 退職金. For example, I've heard of a school\nprincipal not far away from retirement who got caught driving drunk or some\nother such crime and faced immediate termination with revocation of 退職金.\n\nIn a way it's kind of the inverse of what we'd call severance, wherein you're\nfired for some reason but are entitled to some amount of money. In the\nJapanese system it's money you expect when you leave voluntarily but may be\nrevoked upon termination.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 33414 | 33415 | 33415 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am starting a cooking blog which is named Cooking Tale. I wanted a person to\ntranslate the name and he said クッキング・テール is ok. But when I search for this\nname in dictionaries, it says \"tail\" not \"tale\". Is this a correct use?\n\nCooking Tale - クッキング・テール",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T12:04:56.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33416",
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"owner_user_id": "14101",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Is it correct - クッキング・テール?",
"view_count": 241
} | [
{
"body": "I think テイル be considered. Here are some Japanese transliterations that use\nthat to transliterate `tale`:\n\n * [Shark Tale](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB)\n * [Tales of Symphonia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96_%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2)\n * [TaleSpin](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3)\n\nThat said it seems both are in use.\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB)\nlists both フェアリー **テール** and フェアリー **テイル** as used to transliterate fairy tail\nand fairy tale.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T12:22:25.570",
"id": "33417",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The literal translation is 料理の話. I think クッキング will get through to Japanese\npeople but テール as the word \"tale\" may not get through to them. As you found in\nyour search, I think a lot of Japanese people may think テール is the word\n\"しっぽ(tail)\", or may not know テール.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T12:24:18.807",
"id": "33418",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 33416 | null | 33418 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can see リベンジ used often in internal business communication for \"2nd attempt\"\n(like リベンジ判定会議 or リベンジ提案).\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8)\nalso suggests it bears the meaning of 「再挑戦」の意味でも使われる。\n\nWould it be acceptable to use in an official or semi-official business\nsituation between two companies?\n\nEspecially wouldn't it sound rude if the bidder used the リベンジ提案 in front of a\ncustomer?\n\nHas it lost 復讐／仕返し meaning completely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T12:34:59.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33419",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-08T02:36:43.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"loanwords",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Has the meaning of \"revenge\" been lost in translation to リベンジ?",
"view_count": 366
} | [
{
"body": "[This page on\nWeblio](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8) is\ninformative, particularly the second explanatory note in the 実用日本語表現辞典\nsection:\n\n>\n> 日本語の文脈で「リベンジ」とカナ表記される場合は、スポーツ競技などで敗退・敗北を喫した場面において「再挑戦する」「次回は勝つ」といった（多分に前向きな）意味合いで用いられることが多い。\n\nSo the 再挑戦 meaning may sound \"sportsy\" and informal, which agrees with my\nlimited exposure to this term.\n\nNote that, in other contexts, the 仕返し or 復讐 meanings have apparently not been\nlost. The first part of that same section says:\n\n> 報復、復讐、仇討ち、意趣返し、雪辱といった意味をもつ英単語。名詞および動詞（他動詞）として用いられる。基本的に「遺恨」のニュアンスを含む後ろ向きな表現。\n\nAnd the Daijirin entry says:\n\n> 仕返しをすること。復讐。雪辱。\n\nMy armchair read on this is that it _might_ leave room for misunderstanding,\nand that you're safer not using the term. That said, depending on the customer\nand the context of the moment, the 再挑戦 meaning could be very clear. I'll\ncertainly defer to native speakers on this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T16:42:07.147",
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]
| 33419 | null | 33421 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33423",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm [still](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23934/why-does-this-\nhaiku-have-a-5-6-5-pattern) reading \"小林{こばやし}一茶{いっさ}\" (a\n[book](http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%80%E8%8C%B6-%E9%9B%86%E8%8B%B1%E7%A4%BE%E6%96%B0%E6%9B%B8-%E5%AE%97-%E5%B7%A6%E8%BF%91/dp/4087200221/ref=sr_1_22?ie=UTF8&qid=1429818397&sr=8-22&keywords=%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%20%E4%B8%80%E8%8C%B6%20%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%20%E4%B8%80%E8%8C%B6)\nwritten by [宗左近/Sō\nSakon](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%B7%A6%E8%BF%91) about [the\nfamous poet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobayashi_Issa)).\n\nI'm facing several difficulties with the following extract :\n\n> 愛｛あい｝の歌｛うた｝ 怒｛いか｝りの歌｛うた｝\n>\n> 作品｛さくひん｝の特色｛とくしょく｝は、極｛きわ｝めてはっきりしている。冒頭｛ぼうとう｝にあげた六｛ろっ｝句｛く｝に難｛むずか｝しさはない。弱｛よわ｝い\n> 生命｛せいめい｝への愛｛あい｝の歌｛うた｝です。その愛｛あい｝をもたない存在｛もの｝への怒｛いか｝りの歌｛うた｝です。 曖昧｛あいまい｝さはない。\n> 明快｛めいかい｝です。誰｛だれ｝にでも伝｛つた｝わる。\n\nMy translation (disclaimer : I'm not fluent at all in English, please feel\nfree to correct me).\n\n> a poetry about love, a poetry about anger\n>\n> The characteristic of his production is to be utterly exact. At the\n> beginning of the 6 elevated parts(?) , there is nothing difficult. It's a\n> poetry about love that refers to a delicate life. It's a poetry about anger\n> that refers to an existence deprived(?) of this love. No ambiguity. Clarity.\n> Anyone gets the message.\n\nThere are several parts I don't understand :\n\n(1) What are the あげた六｛ろっ｝句｛く｝? Is it something related to Issa's works ?\n\n(2) What's the grammar behind もたない in その愛｛あい｝をもたない存在｛もの｝?\n\n(3) 存在 should be read そんざい (according to WWWJDIC). But my edition adds the\n\"もの\" furiganas. What's the difference between these two readings ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-07T20:18:14.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33422",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"readings",
"furigana",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "several difficulties reading an extract about Kobayashi Issa's works",
"view_count": 212
} | [
{
"body": "1. I think the meaning of [あげる](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1268892482) here is \"bring up\", as in \"bring up a topic\". So he is probably talking about some things he brought up earlier.\n\n 2. その愛をもたない存在ー＞その愛を持たない存在。「愛を持たない」 modifies 「存在」. This is called a [subordinate verb clause](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/subclause.html).\n\n 3. Sometimes writers like to play around with furigana to create special meanings of their own. They want you to read that word a certain way so that you will associate that reading with the kanji. I guess the writer just wanted you to associate もの with 存在. You could probably spend hours discussing the possible meanings and nuances behind this, which is probably what he was going for :-)\n\nThere was a [question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5565/why-\ndo-some-kanji-have-furigana-that-are-not-valid-readings?rq=1) about this type\nof furigana before.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T21:35:45.730",
"id": "33423",
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{
"body": "Regarding your questions (1),(2),(3),\n\n(1) “挙げた六句” means six haikus of 一茶 the writer quoted in the beginning of his\narticle.\n\n(2）”弱い生命への愛の歌です。その愛をもたない存在(もの)への怒りの歌です” can be translated as;\n\nIt’s the poem of love to be dedicated to the feeble and transient life. It is\na poem expressing the anger directed to the soul who doesn’t have love and\nsympathy for the feeble life.\n\n“もたない” of ”その愛をもたない” modifies “存在” as a qualifier.\n\n(3) “存在” is usually translated as “existence” or “being” in English, and we\ndon’t pronounce 存在 as “もの,” which is the one-off usage coined by the writer. I\ninterpret “存在(もの)” here means (heartless and insensitive) people.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-10T00:27:06.660",
"id": "33462",
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}
]
| 33422 | 33423 | 33423 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the NA mean in this sentence?\n\n> Sonna baka NA koto...\n>\n> そんなバカ **な** ことは、普通に言わないよ\n>\n> Normally, (you) don't say such a stupid thing",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T21:48:27.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33424",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-07T23:26:04.727",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14095",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "NA particle meaning?",
"view_count": 6860
} | [
{
"body": "For the etymology of both : [Are な and だ both copula\nverbs?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19180/are-%E3%81%AA-\nand-%E3%81%A0-both-copula-verbs)\n\nIn modern japanese, な is the modifying form of the copula and だ is its\nconclusive form.\n\nSo yeah, as Ringil said, it just means that バカ modifies こと : \"a stupid thing\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-07T23:26:04.727",
"id": "33425",
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| 33424 | null | 33425 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33428",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I assume it's some slang that comes from ゴリラ perhaps. I found many examples of\nit being used in completely different situations and now I'm very confused...\nApparently there is even a [small\nbook](http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B%E4%BC%9A%E8%A9%B1%E9%9B%86-%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E9%9B%85%E5%A1%9A-ebook/dp/B0162961OQ)\nabout its meaning, haha.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T00:10:13.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33426",
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"slang"
],
"title": "What does ゴリってる mean?",
"view_count": 721
} | [
{
"body": "It seems that the author of ゴリってる会話集 [doesn't know the meaning of\nゴリる](https://katatemasatsuka.wordpress.com/2012/01/21/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86%E3%81%A6%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8D/).\nHe just used it as a meaningless word which just sounds odd.\n\n> 西川氏： ほとんど意味不明ですが、何となくストーリーはわかるのが不思議ですね。 \n> おっさん：\n> そうやがな。そこが面白いんや。はっきり言うて、「ゴリってる」の意味などさっぱりわからん。しかし、文脈によってその意味は何となくわかるんや。その不思議な言葉を駆使して、ストーリーが展開していくんや。\n\nSo this book only proves that ゴリる is not an established word :-)\n\n* * *\n\nThat said, ゴリる is a possible word made up from ゴリラ using [this\nrule](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24351/5010). It would mean \"be like\na gorilla\", \"do something like a gorilla\", etc. You may find ゴリる in rhythm\ngame contexts because ゴリラ is slang for [an incredibly skillful\nplayer](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93).\n\nSomeone might use it as short for\n[ごり押し](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E6%8A%BC%E3%81%97)する or\n[ゴリゴリ](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA)している, too.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T01:00:16.357",
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]
| 33426 | 33428 | 33428 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33431",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there any difference in meaning between using [苛々 ]{いらいら} or [刺々 ]{いらいら} to\nindicate annoyance?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T03:43:03.320",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "[苛々 ]{いらいら} versus [刺々 ]{いらいら}",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "Almost nothing but the latter possibly reminds readers of the real 刺【とげ】\n\"thorn\", or another reading of the kanji: 刺々【とげとげ】 \"barbed\".\n\nAlthough いらいら came from an old word\n[いら](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/15334/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%84%E3%82%89/)\nthat means \"thorn\", it's almost always written as 苛々 when merely means\n\"annoyed; irritated\". (But maybe more prevalent in katakana イライラ nowadays.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T04:40:34.410",
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{
"body": "刺々 is read とげとげ and 苛々 and 刺々 are usually written in hiragana or katakana.\n\nいらいら means \"disconcertedness, stew,and distraction etc\" and it shows a one's\nemotion like so, for example, 私は、彼の無礼な態度にイライラした(I was stabby for his rude\nattitude.)\n\nとげ means spine and とげとげ means \"acridly\", for example, 彼の態度はトゲトゲしている(His\nattitude is acrid).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T04:59:10.447",
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| 33429 | 33431 | 33431 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33441",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am reading **幽霊塔** by 江戸川乱歩 and I'm having trouble interpreting the\nfollowing dialogue sentence:\n\n**長崎からここへ来ていた人が、宿を取らないで打ったものでしょう。打ちにきたのは、本人ではなくて、どっかの薄汚ない小僧でしたよ。**\n\nI find most of the sentence confusing. Anyhow here is my attempt at a sound\ninterpretation:\n\n**The person who came here from Nagasaki, without choosing the inn, sent it.\nAs for the thing of coming to send, it was not that same person, but it was\nsome dirty looking kid.**\n\nI am mostly confused about\n\n**宿を取らない.**\n\nSince 取る means to pick, take or choose, I think the last option makes the best\nsense here.\n\nShall greatly appreciate any help and warm regards to you all.\n\nUPDATE\n\nAs chocolate mentioned, the speaker is talking about a telegram. Here are the\npreceding two sentences for some context:\n\nK町につくと、私は叔父から例の電報紙を借りて、すぐにK町郵便局へ行き、発信人を聞き合わせた。すると局員は親切に調べてくれたが、頼信紙の発信人住所氏名欄には長崎市の聞いたこともない町名と、くるすじろうという名が書いてあった。\n\nIf 宿を取らない means \"to not book hotel\", then we can read the sentence as:\n\nA person from Nagasaki sent the telegram without booking for the inn. As for\nthe thing of coming to send, it was not the same person, but it was some dirty\nlooking kid.\n\nMost likely I guess 打つ here means \"to transmit\" or to \"send\".",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T06:18:04.457",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Confused about 宿を取らないで, and usage of 打つ",
"view_count": 179
} | [
{
"body": "According to\nkotobank,[「取る」](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8F%96%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E5%9F%B7%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E6%8E%A1%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E6%8D%95%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E6%92%AE%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E6%91%82%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E8%84%B1%E3%82%8B-344420)\nin 「宿を取る」 means \"Occupy a place\".\n\n> ❽ 場所や時間を占める。 《取》 \n> ① 場所を占める。場所を定めて落ち着く。 「宿を－・る」 「席を－・る」 「会議室を－・る」 「陣を－・る」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T17:56:44.297",
"id": "33440",
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{
"body": "In English, one can say _\"to **take** a room (in a hotel, at an inn, etc.)\"_\nThe Japanese phrase 宿を **取る** is largely equivalent.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T18:22:34.370",
"id": "33441",
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| 33433 | 33441 | 33440 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33435",
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"body": "Reading 幽霊塔 by 江戸川乱歩, I have come across a rather long sentence:\n\n> 第一、栄子は女学校は辛うじて卒業したけれど、私の眼からは、低能児同様の無教養に見えるし、素姓の知れぬ乳母の連れ子だけあって、 **ひどく下品な上に**\n> 、意地悪なことは人一倍だ。\n\nHere is my interpretation:\n\n> First of all, even though Eiko barely managed to pass high school, from my\n> perspective she seemed like an unrefined feeble minded child who was just\n> the daughter of some ill-bred divorced wet nurse, and to the upper that is\n> extremely vulgar, was malicious more so than others.\n\nI'm not sure how 上 is functioning in the phrase ひどく下品な上に. Is it correct to\ninterpret it as meaning \"upper\"? I would like to read some other perspectives\non this phrase and how it fits into the sentence.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T06:48:04.507",
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"owner_user_id": "9681",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Figurative language ひどく下品な上に",
"view_count": 122
} | [
{
"body": "上に in this sentence means \" in addition\". Your sentence is translated as \" In\naddition that She is extremely vulgar, is malicious more so than others.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T07:02:21.173",
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| 33434 | 33435 | 33435 |
{
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"body": "「一生懸命」と「一所懸命」 の使い方は同じでしょうか？意味も同じでしょうか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-08T11:07:01.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33437",
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"owner_user_id": "13706",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "「一生懸命」と「一所懸命」の使い方は同じでしょうか？",
"view_count": 323
} | [
{
"body": "Both 一所懸命 and 一生懸命 are currently in parallel use to mean _endeavoring with all\none’s might_. The former literally means _to risk one’s life “at a place” for\nachieving something_ , while the latter means _to do something at “a risk of\none’s life” for achieving something_.\n\nThough 一所懸命 and 一生懸命 are used in the same meaning, 一生懸命 was derived from 一所懸命,\nwhich originally meant that 武士 – Samurai – in ancient times survived by\ndesperately defending their fief given or assigned by the Mikado or Shogun\nagainst invaders.\n\nBoth words are used interchangeably today because they sound almost the same\nand the concept of risking life on defending one's territory is no longer\nrelevant to the people of today.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T12:19:04.480",
"id": "33438",
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| 33437 | null | 33438 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I've often seen a symbol that is used in context of smiling or happy\nexpressions. It is sort of a circle with three lines above it.\n\nCan anyone tell me what it's called and where it comes from?\n\n_Example from_ オトメの帝国\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DDfxj.png)\n\nOther examples from the same manga: \n[example 1](http://postimg.org/image/nlloozgp7/), [example\n2](http://postimg.org/image/er5p26uvl/).\n\nI may be wrong in thinking that it has to do with smiles, but I do think it\nhas something to do with faces.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-08T16:03:58.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33439",
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"owner_user_id": "11731",
"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"manga",
"symbols"
],
"title": "Symbol for smiling",
"view_count": 501
} | [
{
"body": "Googling it mentioned that Card Capture Sakura's creators Clamp used to use\nthis ほえええ a lot when one of their cute girls (or other thing) would be\npleasantly surprised or was being especially cute. It was very cute when she\nwould do it. Brings backs memories. It was fairly popular back then so perhaps\nit endured.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-08T22:42:08.657",
"id": "33445",
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"body": "Just an impression: If your illustrator/author made-up this symbol, it looks\nto me like it expresses surprise as in, \"Oh!\" in context with the character's\nemotions. It may be more an expression of feeling than saying, (or having the\ncharacter say) \"Oh!\" in surprise.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-07-21T05:43:48.177",
"id": "36833",
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"body": "I don't believe it has a name, but it is basically a representation of a face\n+ triple \"! rays\". Take a look at the top left panel of your example 2 - there\nthe rays are radiating from an actual face.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-07-21T08:15:54.353",
"id": "36839",
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{
"body": "The symbol in the words is just like adding some expression like a surprised\nor startled expression. (^^)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-19T06:34:26.853",
"id": "43668",
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| 33439 | null | 36833 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33444",
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"body": "「挑発に乗る」 and 「挑発に対応する」 both sound to me like: \"`To respond to a provocation.`\"\n\nIs this correct? Any important differences?\n\n--- extra question #2 ---\n\nAs per the given answer, 「挑発に乗る」 is to respond irrationally. That makes sense\nbecause it is a metaphor.\n\nWhat about negating both phrases?\n\n「挑発に乗らなかった」 means `to not respond to provocation (in an *irrational* manner)` \n「挑発に対応しなかった」 means `to no respond to provocation (in a *rational* manner)`\n\nUltimately, could I say something like:\n\n> 田中さんの挑発に乗らなかったにしても、対応した。\n\nmeans:\n\n> I didn't let Tanaka provoke me into an irrational response. Rather, I\n> countered his provocations in a measured tone.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T18:53:07.640",
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"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is「挑発に対応しなかった」another way to say「挑発に乗らなかった」?",
"view_count": 169
} | [
{
"body": "In fact, they are quite different.\n\nIf you 「挑発に乗る」, you respond to a provocation in the way it was intended for;\nyou lose your head and do things you otherwise wouldn't.\n\n「挑発に対応する」 would mean _to deal with_ a provocation, likely in a calm and\nsensible manner.\n\n--- Answer to extra question #2 ---\n\nHow I see them:\n\n・「挑発に乗らない」= not respond to provocation in an irrational manner (may or may not\ndo what is rational)\n\n・「挑発に対応しない」= not respond to provocation in any way (= flatly ignore it )\n\nThough you _could_ say the following:\n\n> 田中さんの挑発に乗らなかったにしても、対応した。\n\nI find the phrasing somewhat awkward. If I were to rewrite it, I might go for\nsomething like:\n\n> 田中さんの[挑発に(は)乗らず/挑発に乗ること(は)なく]、冷静に対応した。\n\n--- EDIT ---\n\nOne important distinction between the two I failed to mention earlier is that\n「挑発に乗る」 is an idiomatic phrase while 「挑発に対応する」 is not.\n\nTheoretically, there is no semantic incongruity in the phrase 「挑発に対応する」. In\npractical terms, however, it's much less likely to appear as-is (or otherwise)\nthan 「挑発に乗る」, but instead often comes accompanied by a modifier specifying how\nthe responding is done, like _冷静に_.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-08T21:51:58.320",
"id": "33444",
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"body": "挑発に乗る means you respond to a provocation / challenge of others without\ndiscretion, or in the way the aggressor or provoker plotted. In Japanese, we\nrespond to provocation but don't 'deal with' provocation. You can't be willy-\nnilly against a challenge or aggression directed to you. You should be\nresolute to the provocation, and your choice is either 挑発に乗る / 挑発に応じる\n/挑発を受けて立つ / or 挑発に乗らない / 挑発に応じない / 挑発を退ける。\n\nI haven't heard the turn of phrase 挑発に\"対応する\" so often. It somewhat doesn't sit\nwell with the word 挑発 to me.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-09T00:11:48.927",
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| 33442 | 33444 | 33444 |
{
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"body": "Okay, this is my first question on this page so bear with me, I was studying\nJapanese nouns but I'm not sure if you use ではありません or じゃない to deny a noun, so\nif someone could please explain it to me, that would be great. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-08T22:58:50.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-09T04:17:49.883",
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"owner_user_id": "14111",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Japanese Nouns problem",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "じゃ is a colloquial contraction of では, ない is the plain form of ありません so both\nare used but without the same level of politeness.\n\nTo clarify that a bit (I know it wasn't clear for me when I started Japanese)\nhere is some information about the copula:\n\n * だ, the plain form of the copula is a contraction of である (で+ある).\n * You can think of です as the contraction of であります (で+あります) though it's not etymologicaly true from what I know.\n * は in the negative versions is the contrastive particle は which gives the idea in brackets in: \"it's not X (but something else)\".\n * ない is the negative version of ある.\n\nSo we have (plain on the left, polite on the right):\n\n```\n\n だ（である） です（であります）\n \n ではない ではありません\n \n だった でした（でありました）\n \n ではなかった ではありませんでした\n \n```",
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{
"body": "Either is acceptable. Are you familiar with the distinction between the plain\nform and the polite form? The polite form is something you use with strangers\nand superiors, where the plain form would be used with family and friends.\n(The lines do blur slightly: some people might use polite forms with their\nparents and older sibling, but not their younger siblings.)\n\nPolite forms end in ～ます. Negated, ～ます becomes ～ません.\n\nYou might know that a form of the copula is ～である. ある negated becomes ない, and a\nfossilized は is added; ～である becomes ～ではない. ～では is then contracted, becoming\n～じゃない.\n\nIn the case of ～ではありません, ～である is first changed to polite ～であります, あります becomes\nありません, and the same fossilized は is added. You now have ～ではありません. Note that\n～じゃありません also exists, but it's somewhat rare; in more casual speech, people\nmost frequently make ～じゃない into ～じゃないです, because it's somewhat like an\nadjective.\n\nPlease ask if any part of my answer requires explanation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-08T23:43:25.643",
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| 33446 | null | 33447 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Not sure how to say \"my mum said it was fun.\" Is this correct:\n\n> watashi no okaasan wa, sore ga tanoshi to iimashita\n\nOr do I need to add \"da\"? As this is for speaking.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T12:04:40.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33451",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-09T18:59:26.890",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"adjectives",
"copula"
],
"title": "Do I need to add \"da\" before \"to iimashita\"?",
"view_count": 2466
} | [
{
"body": "No, you don't need it. But you should translate \"my mom\" to \"(watashi-no)\nhaha\" and \"it was fun\" to \"tanoshikatta\", as a whole \"(watashi-no) haha-wa\ntanoshikatta-to itta\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T13:54:50.970",
"id": "33456",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-09T13:54:50.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "I would like to add a clarification to user4092's answer:\n\nIn English, _present tense verbs are changed to past tense in reported\nspeech_.\n\n\"My mum said it **was** fun\" would mean that she said she had fun **as the\nactivity was going on**. If this is what you meant, then the Japanese sentence\nbelow is the answer:\n\n> English direct speech: _My mum said, \"This is fun!\"_\n>\n> English reported speech: _My mum said it was fun._\n>\n> Japanese reported speech: _watashi no haha wa **tanoshii** to iimashita_\n\n\"My mum said it **had been** fun\" would mean the mother said she had fun\n**after the activity was over**. If this is what you meant, then the Japanese\nsentence below is the answer:\n\n> English direct speech: _My mum said, \"That was fun!\"_\n>\n> English reported speech: _My mum said it had been fun._\n>\n> Japanese reported speech: _watashi no haha wa **tanoshikatta** to iimashita_\n\nPlease note:\n\n 1. _tanoshii_ conjugates to _tanoshikatta_ (for _i_ -adjectives, drop the last _i_ and add _katta_ )\n\n 2. Change _iimashita_ to _itta_ for plain form. (As in user4092's answer.)\n\n 3. I would also like to point out that _tanoshii_ in your original sentence is missing an _i_.\n\n 4. Add _da_ when an indirect quote ends with a _na_ -adjective or noun...\n\n> _watashi no haha wa **kirei da** to iimashita_ (My mum said it was\n> beautiful.)\n>\n> _watashi no haha wa **hana da** to iimashita_ (My mum said it was a flower /\n> they were flowers.)\n\n...but not when an indirect quote ends with an _i_ -adjective or verb:\n\n> _watashi no haha wa **tanoshii** to iimashita_ (My mum said it was fun.)\n>\n> _watashi no haha wa **ashita iku** to iimashita_ (My mum said she would go\n> the next day.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T15:03:20.317",
"id": "33457",
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}
]
| 33451 | null | 33457 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does \"俺も俺か\" mean? Anyone please help me >__",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T13:19:55.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33452",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-09T13:42:05.570",
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"owner_user_id": "14049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does \"俺も俺か\" mean?",
"view_count": 216
} | [
{
"body": "It means \"Maybe, I'm to blame too\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T13:42:05.570",
"id": "33454",
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| 33452 | null | 33454 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I thought that 考える was used like 思う in that particle と always preceded it.\nHowever I found the following sentence from a reading task for class:\n\n> まるで **英語を公用語と考えている** かのように、英語の言葉を多く使う。\n\nWhat does it mean and what roles do を and と play in relation to the verb 考える?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T13:40:06.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33453",
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"owner_user_id": "12084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"particle-と",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "を and と used with 考える",
"view_count": 648
} | [
{
"body": "英語 **を** 公用語 **と** 考える means \"to think of 英語 as 公用語\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T13:45:44.717",
"id": "33455",
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]
| 33453 | null | 33455 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33467",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am a foreigner working at a company in Japan. My native language is English\nbut I believe I can converse somewhat moderately well in Japanese. After\ndinner one evening, I heard the following exchange between two of my\ncoworkers, who are Japanese natives (this may be not the exact wording, but\nthis is the best I can recall):\n\nA: 「うっ…なんか胃が痛い」 \nB: 「え、腸じゃなくて？」 \nA: 「うーん…分からない」 \n\nOn another occasion, I have also had the following exchange with a different\nJapanese friend who does not work at the same company (again, the wording may\nnot be exact):\n\nMe: 「さっき食べたらちょっと胃が痛くなってきた気がする…とりあえず胃薬飲んでみた」 \nFriend: 「え？それ胃じゃなくて腸じゃないの？胃薬じゃなくて整腸薬飲めばよかったよ、それ」 \n\nAs someone who was raised in another country primarily speaking English, I can\nnot once recall ever thinking, \"Gee, my intestines hurt.\" So my question is,\n**under what circumstances would a Japanese person think specifically that\ntheir intestines hurt as opposed to their stomach?** Or does 腸 include some\nother part of the body in the abdomen where you would feel pain?\n\nI suppose I could understand if the person were suffering from constipation or\ndiarrhoea for example, but I've never personally regarded either as a \"pain in\nmy intestines\", nor have I ever recalled experiencing any kind of sensation\nthat I could pinpoint as coming from my intestines, so the idea that \"自分の腸が痛い\"\nseems unusually specific to me.\n\nIs this some kind of cultural difference, or am I just weird, born without\nfeeling in my intestines or something?\n\n**Edit:**\n\nI realize now that I don't recall actually hearing the specific expression\n\"腸が痛い\", so I believe my original premise may be flawed. As naruto's answer\nsuggested, both cases were most likely a case of informal \"diagnosis\", which I\nadmit seems obvious to me now in retrospect.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T15:42:31.240",
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"id": "33458",
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"owner_user_id": "14113",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "腸が痛い: How do you know when your intestines hurt?",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "胃が痛い is usually used but I think 腸が痛い isn't very common and we say おなかが痛い than\nthat.\n\nIf a person's intestines of health get worse like astriction and diarrhea, we\nsay usually \"お腹の調子が悪い\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T16:18:53.707",
"id": "33459",
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{
"body": "胃が痛い is common, and somewhat specifically used for so-called\n[epigastric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigastrium) pain. お腹【なか】が痛い is\nused for pain in any part of the abdominal region.\n\nA person who has right lower\n[quadrant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrant_\\(abdomen\\)) pain (for\nexample, due to appendicitis) usually refers to a physician saying お腹が痛い,\n腹痛がある, 下腹部痛がある, etc. At least in standard Japanese, 腸が痛い is not a common\nphrase to describe symptoms even among those who have chronic bowel diseases.\n\nHowever, sometimes people try to \"diagnose\" the cause of abdominal pain.\n「それ胃じゃなくて腸じゃないの？」 in that context means \"Isn't your pain caused by an\nintestine trouble?\", not \"Aren't you feeling pain in your intestine?\" For\nexample, one may say this if he is thinking of traveler's diarrhea. Or one may\nsay this when he knows the difference of symptoms of gastric ulcer and food\npoisoning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-10T03:06:19.393",
"id": "33467",
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| 33458 | 33467 | 33467 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33461",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In 'All About Particles', I have come across the sentence:\n\n> 小川さんは語学が得意で、フランス語もイ夕リア語もできます。\n>\n> (Ogawa is good at languages, he can speak both French and Italian.)\n\nWhat is the use of で in this sentence? I can kind of understand it as placing\nthe second part in context, however I would have used です, would that also\nwork?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-09T23:59:51.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33460",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Use of で in 小川さんは語学が得意で、フランス語もイ夕リア語もできます",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "で like this is essentially the conjunctive form of です. You can make two\nseparate statements: 「Aです。Bです。」 Or you can make one statement that combines\nthe two: 「Aで、Bです。」In this usage pattern, as you note, the A part provides the\ncontext, and the で functions a bit like the English \" **it is** A **and** it\nis B\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T00:25:57.893",
"id": "33461",
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{
"body": "“で” or “ので” is a conjunction equivalent to and, so, as, and because, as in,\n\n彼女は料理が好き **で** 、特にパスタ料理が得意です - She is a good cooker **and** her specialty is\npasta dishes.\n\nウイスキーを一杯飲ん **で** それから出かけました - He had a gulp of a glass of whiskey **and** went\nout.\n\n彼は勉強家 **で** 、中国語を3年間で完全にマスターしました - He is a hard-worker, **so** he completely\nmastered Chinese in three years.\n\n彼は言い間違えた **ので** 訂正しました - He misspoke. **So** he corrected it\n\n彼は骨折 **で** 入院しました - **Because of** a fracture, he got hospitalized.\n\n彼女は愛想がいい **ので** 皆に好かれています - **Because** (as) she is so amiable, she is liked\nby everybody.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T02:48:07.377",
"id": "33465",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 33460 | 33461 | 33461 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33468",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "With ichidan verbs, you create potential, and passive voice, as such:\n\n> 食べ`られ`ません\n\nIf you want to get slangy, you can do \"ら抜き\" as such:\n\n> 食べ`れ`ません\n\nSo, is there `い抜き` as well?\n\n> 長い間ロンドンに住んでて、いろいろな民族を`見ている`。\n\ndo the \"い抜き':\n\n> 長い間ロンドンに住んでて、いろいろな民族を`見てる`。\n\nNow: \n1. `見てる` is actually written in a book. \n2. I don't understand how `見てる` is a word. \n3. In my analysis, `見てる` and `見ている` have the same meaning. \n4. So, just like you can do `ら抜き`, there is also `い抜き`? \n5. like `ら抜き`, `い抜き` is considered slang?\n\nIf there is no such thing as `い抜き`, how is `見てる` a word?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T01:53:17.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Just like \"ら抜き\" is there also \"い抜き\" such as \"見ている\" --> (い抜く) --> \"見てる\"?",
"view_count": 297
} | [
{
"body": "見てる is contraction or vowel deletion from 見ている, and it's not so much slang as\ncolloquial change like …のです → …んです or では → じゃ, if not completely lexicalized\nlike 一個（いちこ → いっこ）. Meaning-wise, it's just the same as 見ている.\n\nAs for ら抜き, there's controversy as to whether it's deletion of ら from られる in\nthe first place, or if it's slang.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T03:04:55.797",
"id": "33466",
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{
"body": "Yes 見てる is a very common contracted form of 見ている. Generally, -ている/-でいる can be\ncontracted into -てる/-でる, and -ています/-でいます can be contracted into -てます/-でます.\n\n見てる as opposed to 見ている may be technically called い抜き, but the word い抜き is far\nless common than ら抜き. It's because that \"い抜き\" phenomenon is very common now,\nand virtually no one thinks い抜き is wrong in not-so-polite conversations. I\nwould say inserting い even sounds weird in casual conversations (for example\n今なにしてるの？ is probably more than 100 times more common than 今なにしているの？ in\nconversations among friends). Native speakers don't have to talk about \"い抜き\"\nbecause they know when and when not to use it even without learning at school.\n\nOn the other hand, as of 2016, ら抜き is still considered \"non-standard,\"\n\"slangy,\" or even \"ungrammatical\" by some, and there are a lot of debate\nregarding ら抜き among native speakers.\n\nI don't want to say opinionated things here, but generally, you may eventually\nneed to know how to use \"い抜き\" properly, but you may not need to use ら抜き at\nall.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T03:38:25.940",
"id": "33468",
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}
]
| 33463 | 33468 | 33468 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I encountered a seemingly ambiguous sentence when reading the novel\n「[風立ちぬ](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001030/files/4803_14204.html)」 by 堀辰雄 as\nbelow:\n\n> お前の父や、それからまたそういう父をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、素直に身を任せ切っているのではないだろうか？\n\nMy first impression was that the author was counting 「そういう父」 as part of\n「お前のすべて」. Then I referred to several Chinese editions of the novel and found\nthat all the translators interpreted 「そういう父」 as part of 「お前のすべてを絶えず支配しているもの」.\n\nWhich interpretation sounds more appropriate to you? And, is this sentence\nreally ambiguous?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T06:55:54.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33469",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-10T18:32:38.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing",
"ambiguity"
],
"title": "On the interpretation of an ambiguous(?) sentence from 「風立ちぬ」",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "Technically it could be ambiguous, but I don't feel any ambiguity from that\nsentence. Without context elsewhere, it seems to be natural to be read that\nそういう父 is a …支配するもの.\n\nIn my opinion, it's like そういう has a great effect on interpretation. そういう means\n\"that kind of\" or \"like that\", so regardless of what そういう modifies, it expects\na target of reference that explains \"what kind\" it is. In naive reading, we\ncan find お前のすべてを絶えず支配している is the most suitable applicant for it. Of course, in\ncultural background, 父 is likely to control their children, that counts in to\na certain degree.\n\nI made a simple comparison between slightly modified versions of the sentence,\nwith my personal feelings how they should be parsed. Take it just for\nreference since I'm not sure if everyone agrees with me.\n\n( **A** means the word belongs to お前のすべて, **B** means it's a …を支配するもの, **?**\nis ambiguous)\n\n> お前の父や、それからまたそういう父をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **B** \n> お前の父や、そういう父をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **B** \n> お前の父や、それからまた父をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **?**\n>\n> お前の恋人や、それからまたそういう恋人をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **B** \n> お前の恋人や、そういう恋人をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **B** \n> お前の恋人や、それからまた恋人をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 **A**\n>\n> お前の息子や、それからまたそういう息子をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **?** \n> お前の息子や、そういう息子をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **?** \n> お前の息子や、それからまた息子をも数に入れたお前のすべてを絶えず支配しているものに、 → **A**\n\nIf you want them to be unambiguous, each has its own ways to reword. It seems\nthat the writer thought it wouldn't be ambiguous in this case.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-10T20:11:02.067",
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},
{
"body": "Without knowing the preceding part of the sentence you gave, here’s my literal\ntranslation of your snippet;\n\n“Aren’t you resting yourself innocently on your father and something that is\nruling over everything of your being, including your father who lived like\nthat?”\n\n“そういう父” literally means “the father like that” “or “the father of that kind”\nin English, and is very vague in meaning, because the author doesn’t explain\nanything about what kind of father “her father” was in this specific line.\n\nIt’s really ambiguous. However from the context of the given quote, I\nunderstand “そういう父” “turns out” to be a part of “お前のすべてを絶えず支配しているもの”, universe\nor something that rules over everything of yourself, your being.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 33469 | null | 33475 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both seem to be possible. But what's their difference?\n\nInstances of the former are everywhere, e.g. a line from\n「[華麗なるギャツビー](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=ES7kAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT124&lpg=PT124&dq=%E2%80%9D%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A4%E3%82%82%E3%82%8A%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=3g9jYUYP27&sig=oVvLHXZN5ZW_MjUC3ln9UsNbmI8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-\nmu2BxoPMAhXm5qYKHTTyD1UQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%9D%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E5%BE%85%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A4%E3%82%82%E3%82%8A%E2%80%9D&f=false)」\n\n> 「信じられるもんですか、あんな男」「いつまで待っているつもりです?」\n\nThe latter may be less common (?), but still some instances can be found, e.g.\na line from 「[賭博黙示録カイジ](http://mangadget.net/comic_images/detail/997)」\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tusdv.jpg)\n\n[Sidenote]\n\nIn my mother tongue, Chinese, it will sound very weird to use aspect particles\nindicating progressiveness or continuity (such as 「在」 or 「着」) in such cases.\nThat is, we will almost always opt for the equivalence of 「いつまで待つつもり」:\n\n> √ 打算等到什么时候？\n>\n> × 打算等着到什么时候？\n>\n> × 打算在等到什么时候？\n\nTherefore, it's hard for me to grasp the difference in nuance (if any) between\nthe two usages in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-10T08:52:58.080",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"aspect"
],
"title": "「いつまで待つつもり」 v.s. 「いつまで待っているつもり」",
"view_count": 394
} | [
{
"body": "「いつまで待つつもり」can be translated to \"Until when do you plan to wait?\"\n\n「いつまで待っているつもり」can be translated to \"Until when do you plan to be waiting?\"\n\nIn other words, I think it's just a matter of tense (present vs. continuous)\n\nAs a side note, both of these phrases are often used sarcastically, with the\nunderlying tone being \"hurry the heck up\" and/or \"what the heck are you\nwaiting for?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-10T12:52:06.760",
"id": "33473",
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{
"body": "If you are asking this to someone who is already waiting for something _now_ ,\nwhichever is fine. いつまで待つつもりですか may sound slightly blunter than\nいつまで待っているつもりですか, but the difference is very small.\n\nIf you are asking this to someone who is going to start waiting for something\n_in the future_ , いつまで待つつもりですか will be the natural choice. いつまで待っているつもりですか may\nsound odd for the obvious reason.\n\n> 「あした行くラーメン屋、大人気で、すごく並ばないと入れないんだって」「いつまで待つつもり？」「12時になっても入れなかったら諦めよう」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T05:09:45.790",
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| 33470 | null | 33484 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33472",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The Nintendo character Kirby's name in Japanese is 「星のカービィ」, pronounced \"Hoshi\nno Kābī\". For the カ, a ー is used for extending the vowel sound. For the ビ,\nthough, a small イ is used.\n\nI thought the small vowels were used for modifying the vowel in an existent\nsound without extending it, for example in ティ, to make \"ti\", or in ヴィ, to make\n\"vi\". With ビ, however, that is of course not necessary, as the vowel is\nalready \"i\". In hiragana, normal vowels are used for extension, but those are\n1) not small, and 2) not used in katakana.\n\nSo why is this? And how does it work? Under what grammatical rule does the\nsmall vowel extend the sound, and why is ー used for カ and not for ビ (which I\nthink it normally would, such as in 「ビール」)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T12:05:44.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33471",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-10T12:30:19.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "11751",
"owner_user_id": "11751",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"katakana",
"orthography"
],
"title": "「星のカービィ」- Why ィ and not ー?",
"view_count": 1292
} | [
{
"body": "When a small vowel is added to a kana with the same vowel sound, it does\nindeed work the same as a [長音符]{chōonpu}. (If the kana has a different vowel\nsound, then the sound is not extended.)\n\nThere are no hard and fast rules about this, but it seems that the ィ here is\nused in proper nouns to indicate that the English spelling ends with \"y\"\ninstead of being written \"ii\", \"i\" or \"ī\". Other examples include\n\n * [ラッキィ池田](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A3%E6%B1%A0%E7%94%B0): Lucky Ikeda, a comedian\n * [ファジィ論理](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A3%E8%AB%96%E7%90%86): fuzzy logic",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T12:32:07.193",
"id": "33472",
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}
]
| 33471 | 33472 | 33472 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33486",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As the title indicates; I'm doing some kanji studying, and these two came up\nwith the exact same translation which is \"rank\", there are no synonyms given\nso I'm not sure what is the difference between these two and in which\ncircumstances I'd find vocabulary with one or the other ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-10T17:55:54.830",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "difference between 級 and 位",
"view_count": 292
} | [
{
"body": "There are other meanings as well, but here are the more confusing ones:\n\n* * *\n\n## 級\n\n 1. **Level of difficulty.**\n\n> JLPT test difficulties used to be 4級 (lowest) to 1級 (highest). (Now they\n> have been replaced by N5 to N1.) In this case, 級 means \"level\".\n>\n> See 級 in action in the table on page 3 of this [2009 JLPT results release\n> document](http://www.jees.or.jp/jlpt/pdf/2009_2nd/00-scr-all.pdf).\n\n 2. **Class (of seniority / ability).**\n\n> The ワンパンマン (One Punch Man) series categorises heroes into classes C級, B級, A級\n> and S級. Many games also use 級 to denote a player's ability.\n>\n> Here is an excerpt from the Japanese Wikipedia page for [テトリス_ザ・グランドマスター\n> (Tetris: The Grand\n> Master):](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9_%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC)\n>\n> グレードは **最下級** の \"9\" （いわゆる「 **九級** 」に相当） から始まり、昇格すると \"8\", \"7\"…と段階的に数字が下がっていく。\n\n 3. **Rank.**\n\n> 彼は 私より **一階級上** だ。 He is immediately above me in rank.\n\n 4. **Quality.**\n\n> 彼女は **最高級** のものしか 好きじゃない。 She likes nothing but the best.\n\n* * *\n\n## 位\n\n 1. **Rank.**\n\n> 大佐の **位【くらい】** the rank of Colonel.\n>\n> This probably covers most of the overlap with 級.\n\n 2. **Position (in a competition, etc.)**\n\n> 1 **位【い】** first position / champion.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T07:27:23.567",
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}
]
| 33474 | 33486 | 33486 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33479",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does this mean:「まあ、ごゆるりと」?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-10T22:33:37.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33477",
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"owner_user_id": "14110",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What does “ごゆるりと” mean?",
"view_count": 508
} | [
{
"body": "Apparently it's a somewhat old-fashioned way of saying \"relax/take it\neasy/etc\". A more modern equivalent would be ごゆっくり.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-11T00:01:35.507",
"id": "33478",
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{
"body": "“まあ” is an interjection, implying “Well, Please.”\n\n“ごゆるりと” is a polite, but a bit oldish expression for “ゆっくりと – slowly,” meaning\n“Take as much time as you wish,” hence “relax,” “take it easy,” “behave as\nfreely as you can.”\n\n“ごゆるりと” can be used in such a way as:\n\n> * “どうぞ、ごゆるりとお過ごしください” – Please take it easy (Make yourself at home, or\n> Stay here as long as you like)\n>\n> * \"ごゆるりとお行き遊ばせ - Please go slowly,”\n>\n>\n\neither in an elegant, but antiquated way.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T00:07:07.283",
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| 33477 | 33479 | 33478 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33482",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this while reading 「狼と香辛料」and was confused by the usage of を in\nthe sentence below:\n\n> 少女は狼の耳と尻尾を有した美しい娘で、自ら **を** 豊作 **を** 司る神ホロと名乗った。\n\nIn particular I'm interested in 「自らを豊作を司る」which I would normally expect to be\nwritten 「自ら豊作を司る」without the first「を」.\n\nWhat is the meaning of the above sentence fragment vs. simply「自ら豊作を司る」?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-11T02:29:30.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33480",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-11T02:52:44.733",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "Usage of を in 自らを豊作を司る",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "> 自ら **を** 「豊作を司る神、ホロ」と名乗った。\n\n豊作を司る modifies 神 as a relative clause (\"God who presides over fertility\").\n豊作を司る神 is in apposition to ホロ.\n\n自ら **を** ～と名乗る sounds natural to my ears, and according to BCCWJ, it's roughly\nas common as 自ら～と名乗る (without を).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YBMU5.png)\n\nThe difference between the two is small, but 自ら (without を) may have the\nfeeling of \"voluntarily\" or \"on one's own initiative\" in some cases. 自らを●●と名乗る\nonly means \"call/name oneself ●●\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-11T04:58:53.930",
"id": "33482",
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]
| 33480 | 33482 | 33482 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33490",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've got these two sentences:\n\n> 屋上にあがると景色がきれいです。\n>\n> 駅の前に銀行ができると便利になります。\n\nI understand the vocabulary, but I don't get the usage of と.\n\nAlso, I don't get why あがる is used instead of のぼる. I think のぼる is used when the\nsubject actively goes up, and あがる when it goes up without having control of it\nhimself (kind of like the sun going up), so, I imagine the sentence means\nsomething like the views when getting up onto the roof are really beautiful,\nand to get up onto the roof you need to get there on your own means, so... why\nあがる?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-11T02:58:25.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "5423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "Use of と in these two sentences + のぼる or あがる",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "The と in the first sentence describes a natural sequence. It's like the view\nunfolds before you: \" **When** you get to the roof, the view is beautiful.\"\n\nIn the 2nd sentence (which is incomplete imo, as you don't know what is going\nto be convenient) it shows the order in which the actions are happening: \"\n**After** the bank in front of the station is built, it will become\nconvenient.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T12:01:58.753",
"id": "33490",
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| 33481 | 33490 | 33490 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am struggling to understand the syntax of this sentence that I found in a\ngrammar book.\n\n> あまりの言葉 **に** あきれてものが言えませんでした。 \n> I could not say anything because of the outrageously unkind words.\n\nI read it as \"not many words に outrageous thing が was unable to speak.\" \nIn other words, the pattern used to say \"because of B I was C(action) A\" would\nbe \"AにBがC(action).\" Is this the correct understanding of this grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-11T05:07:02.637",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33483",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-11T06:18:01.777",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"syntax",
"particle-に",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Understanding why に particle means \"because\" in this sentence",
"view_count": 898
} | [
{
"body": "Some pages (like [this](http://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-particle-ni-e/)\nand [this](http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa090901a.htm)) don't seem\nto explain this usage, but に can actually mark a reason.\n\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AB/) lists\nthis as the seventh meaning of に:\n\n> ７ 動作・作用の原因・理由・きっかけとなるものを示す。…のために。…によって。 **「あまりのうれしさ―泣き出す」** 「退職金をもとで―商売を始める」\n\n[This\npage](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/053.html)\nexplains this usage as the 13th (!) meaning of に:\n\n> １３ 原因・理由を表わすことがあります。 \n> (61) **人の多さに** びっくりしました。\n\nI may be wrong, but I feel this type of に is used with certain verbs related\nto human feelings. There seems to be [a scientific article about\nthis](http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40019756751) (unfortunately I couldn't access\nthe content).\n\n* * *\n\nTo break down あまりの言葉にあきれてものが言えませんでした:\n\n * あまりの言葉に: because of his overly unkind words \n * あまりの excessive, too much, outrageous\n * あきれ: (I was) \"amazed\" (te-form of あきれる)\n * て: \"and then\"\n * もの: \"things / words\"\n * が: (subject marker, but marks the object (もの) of the verb (言う) in this case. [see this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/5010).)\n * 言えませんでした: \"was not able to say\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-11T05:43:05.247",
"id": "33485",
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},
{
"body": "The に doesn't really mean 'because' there. It's just the particle the verb\nあきれる takes. You're making the mistake of trying to parse beyond sentence\nboundaries.\n\nThe basic structure of the sentence is that there are two clauses, which are\njoined by the て form.\n\nSentence 1:\n\n> あまりの言葉にあきれて\n>\n> _Shocked by (someone's) overly harsh words_\n\nSentence 2:\n\n> ものが言えませんでした。\n>\n> _I was at a loss for words_\n\nThe て form when joining two sentences sometimes implies reason: 「明るくて、眠れない」\n_it's so bright that I can't sleep_\n\nAnd it is the て form joining the two sentences that carries the connotation of\n'because'.\n\n> _I was so shocked by [his] excessive harshness **that** I couldn't speak_\n\nBy the way, ××にあきれて、ものが言えない returns quite a few results on a web search and\nseems to be somewhat of a fixed phrase. Here's a sample from 研究社 新和英中辞典\n\n> 彼のばかにはあきれて物が言えない。\n>\n> _His stupidity really staggers me._",
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}
]
| 33483 | null | 33487 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33493",
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"body": "English translations for the name あこ (Ako) seem tough to find, and are\nunsourced, so I don't know what to believe. Some say _cute_ , others _child_ ,\neven _wife_!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T11:27:27.203",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"definitions",
"names"
],
"title": "What does あこ mean?",
"view_count": 3697
} | [
{
"body": "あこ as a Japanese girl name, can be displayed in a lot of different Kanji\ncharacters, depending on what the parents choose (They're all pronounced the\nsame as AKO).\n\nFor examples:\n\n亜子、亜來、亜古、亜呼、亜心、亜湖、\n\n亜琥、亜瑚、亜胡、亜香、亜恋\n\n吾子ーー＞(These two characters meaning \"my child\")\n\n和心----> (could mean \"harmonious heart\")\n\nFor those above beginning with Kanji \"亜\", which means someone or something\ncomes in the 2nd place, or sometimes it could be a transliteration of \"Asia\"\n(derived from the first vowel of the English world \"Asia\"), I'd suggest you\nlook up the other Kanji following 亜 individually.\n\nThe online dictionary, URL as below: <http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic?1C>",
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{
"body": "The most used word that sounds 'あこ' is '吾子,' which is a very oldish expression\nmeaning \"my child\" that appears pretty often in old anthologies like 万葉集.\n\nWhen you input 'ako' in MS Word, you get '亜子,' '阿子,' '阿古,' and '阿児' as a\nconversion. '亜子' is a pretty familiar name of women. But I don't know what the\nlast two words mean, and if they make sense.\n\nアコ in katakana is often used as a nick name for 敦子, 厚子, 亜津子, 亜紀子, 明子, アキ子 and\netc.\n\n和田アキ子, one of the most popular and long-life female pop singer is loved by the\nnick name of アッコ.",
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| 33488 | 33493 | 33502 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I came across a long sentence in a story, which I have googled around and\nstruggled for a couple of days. Here is what it reads:\n\n> この頃わかってきたのだが、旅人の中には用心のためか、こちらの挨拶に頷くぐらいしか、挨拶を返さないものが少なくない。\n\nMy rough translation would be:\n\n> At this time, you come to understand a fact that, in among the travelers,\n> for the sake of precaution, they only return our greetings so much with a\n> nod, and quite a few simply do not return greetings at all.\n\nI’m not sure if I have got the idea right. But what haunting me most is the\n“が” in the first phrase この頃わかってきたのだが. What is “が” doing here for? There is no\ncontradictory sense in the sentence. I mean, there is no need for “が” to\nfunction as a button to remind the readers that something contradictory is\ncoming up.\n\nBesides, I discovered that in some subjunctive sentences, they put a “が” at\nthe end too, such as:\n\n> もし私が鳥ならば、君のところへ飛んで行けるのだが.\n\n(If I were a bird, I would fly to you.)\n\nThere you go, “が” is haunting again.\n\nPlease enlighten me. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T11:36:57.660",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Please enlighten me about a haunting \"が”",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "I don't have enough reputation yet to comment, so I'm going to post it here.\n:)\n\nThe linked thread explains the meaning of the が very well.\n\nWhen looking at your translation, I noticed that you made two seperate\nsentences out of: こちらの挨拶に頷くぐらいしか、挨拶を返さないものが少なくない\n\nしか and 挨拶を返さない are one grammatical construction and belong together (I'm not\nreally sure why there is a coma anyway): しか + negative verb > \"only, just\"\n\nI would probably translate the sentence like this:\n\nWhat I understood from that time, is that there are a lot of people among\ntravelers, maybe for the sake of precaution, who returned our greetings only\nwith a nod.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 33489 | null | 33492 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33494",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read in the [Asahi Shimbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asahi_Shimbun) the\nfollowing [article's\nheadline](http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASJ4855P7J48PLZB01D.html?iref=comtop_6_01)\n( _furigana_ are mine) :\n\n> 神様{かみさま}も楽{たの}しむ？ 桜{さくら}の新{しん}品種{ひんしゅ}、京都{きょうと}で発見{はっけん} 北野天満宮{きたのてんまんぐう}\n>\n> my translation :\n>\n> Do the gods enjoy themselves ? A new variety of cherry tree discovered in\n> Kyōto ([Kitano Tenman-\n> gū](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitano_Tenman-g%C5%AB))\n\nI understand the meaning of 楽{たの}しむ used transitively; e.g.\n([source](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?1Q%B3%DA%A4%B7%A4%E0_1_))\n:\n\n> 私{わたくし}は水泳{すいえい}を楽{たの}しんだ。\n>\n> I enjoyed swimming.\n\nBut what about 楽{たの}しむ used intransitively ? What's the exact meaning of\n\"神様{かみさま}も楽{たの}しむ？\" ? Is it :\n\n * the gods are in a good mood ?\n * the gods are amusing themselves ?\n * the gods want to make a joke ?\n\nAny help would be appreciated !",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T12:20:26.640",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning"
],
"title": "meaning of 楽{たの}しむ, the verb being used intransitively",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "I think the 神様も楽しむ in the headline means:\n\n> 神様も **桜を** 楽しむ(のか)？ -- The gods enjoy cherry blossoms, too? \n> or \n> 神様も **桜を見て** 楽しむ(のか)？ -- The gods enjoy seeing cherry blossoms, too?\n\nwith 桜を(見て) being left out.\n\n* * *\n\nI believe 楽しむ can be used intransitively, as in:\n\n> テレビを見て楽しみました。 (←more natural than テレビを見ることを楽しみました。) \n> ゲームをして楽しみました。 \n> 遊園地に行って、一日中、思いっきり楽しみました。",
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| 33491 | 33494 | 33494 |
{
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"body": "I checked in google translate but I wanted to be sure. Is 思う pronounced as\n\"omou\" or \"omoo\"? Usually when there is a お (or こ、ど etc), followed by a う, the\nう is pronounced as お, but I was not sure if that was the case with verbs as\nwell.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-11T17:16:58.793",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "思う pronunciation",
"view_count": 678
} | [
{
"body": "思う is pronounced \"omou\" with a distinct \"u\" sound rather than a long \"o\"\nbecause there is a morpheme barrier between the \"o\" and the \"u.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-11T21:10:21.510",
"id": "33498",
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{
"body": "It is \"omou\" not \"omoo\" at least I've actually heard it pronounced this way.\n\n * In 1 word \"oo\" or \"ou\" both are long \"o\". \n * In two words put together, you have to know how they are pronounced seperatly and it doesn't really change. If you have a verb ending in ou then the final u will be \"u\" not \"o\".\n\nWhen I have doubts about the pronunciation of a word I rather use this\n[site](http://forvo.com/word/%E5%BF%83%E3%81%AB%E6%80%9D%E3%81%86/) because\nGoogle is not too reliable ...",
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| 33496 | 33499 | 33498 |
{
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"body": "その場面というのはどういった場面かというと、ナチスの兵士がですね、ユダヤ人を職業別で分けていきます。\n\nSource: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xs-XWk_oQA> 0:55\n\nTranslation from subtitles: There’s a scene where the Nazi’s are separating\nthe Jewish by their occupation.\n\nI'm wondering if と言うのは here could have some meaning that extends from と言う such\nas \"as for (said) scene...\" or \"as for the (previously mentioned) scene...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-12T00:13:25.383",
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"owner_user_id": "11732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the function of というのは in this sentence?",
"view_count": 156
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, 'というのは' it talks about what you said earlier and after that the speaker\ntrying to explain the definition of that or giving explanation for that.\nroughly it can be translated as, When you say that screen what it means is...",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 33503 | 33505 | 33505 |
{
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"answer_count": 3,
"body": "All four of these words are read as うまい and have the same meaning in my\ndictionary so I was wondering, can these four words (上手い, 美味い, 旨い, and 巧い) be\nused interchangeably?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-12T02:17:52.043",
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"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"word-usage",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 上手い, 美味い, 旨い, and 巧い?",
"view_count": 2242
} | [
{
"body": "These can be divided into two large categories.\n\n * 上手い ≒ 巧い ≒ good at something, skillful \n\n> 彼女は料理がうまい。 She is good at cooking.\n\n * 美味い ≒ 旨い ≒ delicious, yummy \n\n> この料理はうまい。 This dish is delicious.\n\nThe difference between 上手い and 巧い is much smaller, but 上手い is \"good\" in\ngeneral, while 巧い is closer to \"technical\" or \"skillful\".\n\nThe difference between 美味い and 旨い is even more trivial, and they're basically\ninterchangeable. But I feel that so-called\n[_umami_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami) tends to be described using the\nkanji 旨 more often, while 美味い refers to good taste in general. When うまい is\nused figuratively (eg うまい話 \"sweet deal\"), 旨い is preferred, too.\n\nFinally, these are all \"customary\" readings mainly found in blogs, novels and\nsuch. They are not \"textbook\" readings listed in 常用漢字表, so you can (or\n_should_ ) stick to hiragana (うまい) in formal writings.",
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{
"body": "In the tangorin.com dictionary they are split into 3 groups with their\ncorresponding meanings:\n\n上手い,巧い > skillful; clever; expert; wise; successful (people)\n\n美味い,甘い > delicious; appetizing; appetising (food, taste)\n\n旨い > fortunate; splendid; promising\n\nOf course in some situations the kanji's are interchangeable, but this\nbreakdown should help you use them correctly.\n\nLink: <http://tangorin.com/general/umai>",
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{
"body": "Naruto's answer covers it well, but it might be helpful to think of these\nwords in terms of their analogues in other uses.\n\nFor example, 上手い can obviously be connected to 上手{じょうず}, the basic word for\nbeing good at something. 美味い can be connected to 美味{おい}しい, the go-to for\ndelicious.\" 旨い can be connected to [旨味]{うまみ} and the general sense of\nsavoriness -- you see this character all over in food advertisement. And last,\n巧い can be connected to 巧{たく}み and its related words ([巧妙]{こうみょう}, [巧拙]{こうせつ},\netc.), and can easily be connected to the concept of technical mastery.",
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| 33504 | 33507 | 33507 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference between these two examples?\n\n> 1. 子供 **に** 本 **を** 読ませる\n> 2. 子供 **を** 本 **を** 読ませる\n>\n\nPlease give me some other example to illustrate the difference.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-12T12:11:30.073",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-を",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causative Form - Difference between 子供に本を読ませる and 子供を本を読ませる",
"view_count": 489
} | [
{
"body": "子供を本を読ませる is ungrammatical, and you have to say 子供 **に** 本を読ませる.\n\nHere are the basic rules for causation:\n\n 1. For verbs which take を, the agent (or \"causee\") is marked with に. Such verbs are usually transitive verbs, but [some intransitive verbs take を](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21313/5010), too.\n 2. For verbs which don't take を (i.e., most intransitive verbs), the agent is marked with を.\n\nIn your question, 読む is a fairly simple transitive verb which takes an object\nmarked with を. So the agent (子供) must be marked with に.\n\nOther examples:\n\n * **子供を** 眠らせた。 I made the kid sleep. \n(眠る is a simple intransitive verb which never takes an object)\n\n * **子供に** 歯を磨かせた。 I made the kid brush his teeth. \n(磨く is a simple transitive verb)\n\n * **子供に** 磨かせた。 I made the kid brush (it). \n(The object is omitted, but still the agent is marked with に because 磨く is\ntransitive. 子供を磨かせた would mean \"I made (someone) brush the kid\")\n\n * **子供を** 家に帰らせた。 I made the kid return home. \n(帰る is an intransitive verb which takes に, but never takes an object marked\nwith を)\n\n * **子供に** 道路を渡らせた。 I made the kid cross the road. \n(渡る is an intransitive verb which does take を)\n\nAnd you can find some edge cases in this question.\n\n * [When the agent takes を in the causative form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3624/5010)",
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| 33510 | 33515 | 33515 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33519",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "インターネットを見ていて、「[これは便利だと思ったiOSアプリたち](http://rnx9.hatenablog.com/entry/2016/01/08/223912)」という記事を偶然読みました。「たち」は人間など[有生]{ゆうせい}のものを指している名詞にしか付かないと思っていましたが、このタイトルは反例ではないとは思えません。\n\n「たち」をこういう使い方で使うのは本当に普通ですか。複数性を強調する場合、有生でないものには「等｛ら｝」を付けるのが普通だと思っていましたが…",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-12T15:47:50.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33511",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"plural-suffixes",
"personification"
],
"title": "Can 達 be used to pluralize inanimate things?",
"view_count": 377
} | [
{
"body": "There's no firm distinction between たち and ら at least in modern spoken\nJapanese except that the latter may sound old-fashioned.\n\nFor the particular quote above, it sounds a bit like a translation from\nEnglish, as is common with tech curated blogs. But it's still within natural\nand common Japanese of today.\n\nあと、日本語では複数形は特に明示しないことが多いのをお忘れなく。\n\n> 公園で子供が水鉄砲で遊んでいる。\n\nこの例文では恐らく子供も水鉄砲も複数あることでしょう。",
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{
"body": "I agree with you that たち is normally used with animate objects. One obvious\nexception for this rule is when explicit personification is involved. For\nexample, sentences like 山たちが私に語りかけてきた, 乱暴に扱われた本たちが悲しんでいる are perfectly fine.\n\nIn your question, I think this アプリたち doesn't look that weird to me. Of course\nI'm not saying アプリたち is a kind of personification, but I feel something\nrelated is happening here. This title looks okay to me because the author has\nan personal attachment to those apps, and he wants to introduce them friendly\nand favorably.\n\nI have seen similar expressions like 道具たち, ぬいぐるみたち and 曲たち many times, and\nsuch expressions are usually used by those who love them. I can easily find\narticles about 車たち written by car fans, articles about リンゴたち written by\nfarmers, and so on. I'm not particularly interested in cars, so I probably\nhaven't used 車たち in my entire life.\n\nOn the other hand, これは便利だと思ったiOSアプリ **ら** sounds clearly unnatural to me,\nbecause -ら doesn't have such \"friendly\" nuance at all. If showing plurality\nwere the only purpose here, we just wouldn't need it in the first place.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-12T19:34:45.807",
"id": "33519",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-12T22:30:19.077",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-12T22:30:19.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 33511 | 33519 | 33519 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to understand the meaning of this sentence\n\n> 壁紙にしたいぐらい写真。\n\nI was thinking the meaning literally could be \"Your photograph is beautiful to\nbe set as my wallpaper\", but I argue about the にしたいぐらい part because when I\ngoogle にしたいぐらい, I found this\n\n> 私を独り占めにしたいぐらい好きで仕方ない。\n\nand I can't relate the meaning of にしたいぐらい here with my previous sentence.\n\nCould someone tell me the best meaning of にしたいぐらい?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-12T16:45:49.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33513",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-12T17:00:37.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14148",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ～したいぐらい",
"view_count": 536
} | [
{
"body": "* したい = _\"want to do\"_\n * くらい (ぐらい in combinations) = _\"amount, degree\"_ -- in usage, _\"so much so or enough that [previous part of the sentence]\"_\n\nPutting this together with your sample, we have:\n\n * 壁紙{かべがみ}にしたぐらい[な]写真{しゃしん}\n\nThe sample sentence as-is is a bit odd to my ear; the な above is needed to\nmake this grammatical. Parsing it out:\n\n * [壁紙]{wallpaper} + [に]{into, as} + [したい]{want to do, use, make} + [ぐらい]{so much so that} + [な]{grammatical modifier} + [写真]{photograph}\n\n→\n\n * _\"a photo that I would want to use as a wallpaper\"_\n\nThe ぐらい makes this statement more of a hypothetical: it's not a photo that the\nspeaker **definitely and specifically** wants to use as a wallpaper, and\ninstead it's a photo that the speaker **would** want to use as a wallpaper.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-12T17:00:37.070",
"id": "33514",
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}
]
| 33513 | null | 33514 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33520",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 先ほどまでの憂いは影をひそめ、その仕草に優雅ささえ漂わせる.\n\nThe hardships from before hide the shadow, (and through) that gesture give off\nelegance.\n\nIs this a correct way to understand it?\n\nIs 仕草 the agent? \nIs 漂わせる a causative form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-12T18:58:48.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33518",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-12T20:40:25.883",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "漂わせる meaning in this context",
"view_count": 182
} | [
{
"body": "Yes 漂わせる is causative, but, no, 仕草 is not the agent. 優雅さ is the agent\n(causee). It's because 漂う is an intransitive verb, and when in the causative\nform, its agent has to be marked with を. その仕草に is just an adverbial phrase\nthat describes where the action (漂う) happens.\n\nLiterally:\n\n * 優雅さが漂う = the elegance wafts.\n * 彼女の仕草に優雅さが漂う = the elegance wafts around her gesture.\n * 彼女の仕草に優雅さを漂わせる = make the elegance waft around her gesture\n * 彼女の仕草に優雅ささえ漂わせる = make even the elegance waft around her gesture\n\n(I don't know how to translate this naturally, but I think \"her gesture (even)\ngives off elegance\" is basically correct at least as a free translation)\n\nCompare:\n\n * 部屋に花の香りが漂う = fragrance of flowers wafts in the room\n * 部屋に花の香りを漂わせる = make fragrance of flowers waft in the room\n\n* * *\n\nおまけ：\n\n * [影を潜める](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/39439/meaning/m0u/) is a fixed phrase which means \"to become invisible\", \"to be less prominent\".\n * I doubt 憂い can be translated as _hardship_. 憂い usually is _melancholy_ , _depressive mood_ , etc.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-12T20:40:25.883",
"id": "33520",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33518 | 33520 | 33520 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ふたりではめあいしておかしいですね笑。\n\nI know that \nふたりで means Two of us. \nあいして means love. \nおかしい means amusing, funny or comical.\n\nBut I'm not sure what purpose 'はめ' serves in the sentence and as such I can't\nreally make sense of it.\n\nAny help is greatly appreciated and thank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T00:10:47.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33521",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T03:41:43.653",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T01:42:02.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "14153",
"owner_user_id": "14153",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What purpose does はめ serve in this sentence?",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "This probably is 「二人で嵌【は】め合【あ】いしておかしいですね」.\n\n * [嵌める](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%B5%8C%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B) is a transitive verb which means \"to wear (gloves/ring/etc)\", \"to insert (something into a slot/groove/hole)\", \"to entrap/frame (someone)\", etc. I have no idea what the two people are actually doing because the object is omitted and the context is lacking.\n * [合う](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%90%88%E3%81%86) after the masu-form of another verb means \"to do ... together\", \"to do ... each other\". 合い is the masu-form of 合う, and it's used as a noun ([here's why](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010)). 愛 is not relevant here.\n\nThe whole sentence would probably mean \"It's funny that the two (of you/us)\nare doing 嵌める together/each other, lol\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T03:23:12.063",
"id": "33539",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T03:41:43.653",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "33521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33521 | null | 33539 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33538",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> その場面というのは **どういった** 場面かというと、ナチスの兵士がですね、ユダヤ人を職業別で分けていきます。\n\nSource: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xs-XWk_oQA> 0:55\n\nTranslation from subtitles: There’s a scene where the Nazi’s are separating\nthe Jewish by their occupation.\n\nIs どう in this case the \"how\" adverb? Is いった an inflection of いる, to exist?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T02:01:34.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33536",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T02:49:44.710",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T02:49:44.710",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does どういった mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 953
} | [
{
"body": "どういった is a fixed expression which is the same as どのような or どういう, meaning \"what\nkind of\". どういった is a bit euphemistic and politer than the others.\n\n> * どういったご用件ですか？ May I ask what this is regarding?\n> * ○○はどういった意味ですか？ What does ○○ mean?\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T02:47:12.530",
"id": "33538",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T02:47:12.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 33536 | 33538 | 33538 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33543",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been listening to the song \"If I die tonight\" by KOHH and at the end of\nthe second verse he says `楽しめよ` and the subtitles say it means \"live it up\".\nBut when I look for translation elsewhere it's translated as \"Be able to\nenjoy\" and Google simply translates it to romaji.\n\nSo I guess \"live it up\" is a translation that tries to convey the meaning\ninstead of the literal sentence? Or is `楽しめよ` simply a creation by the artist?\n\n<http://genius.com/Kohh-if-i-die-tonight-japanese-lyrics>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T07:53:24.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33541",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-14T21:44:12.403",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T19:46:44.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "14157",
"owner_user_id": "14157",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "What does 楽しめよ really mean?",
"view_count": 707
} | [
{
"body": "Seems to be the imperative-form verb 楽{たの}しめ together with the particle よ.\n\n* * *\n\n## 楽しめ\n\n楽{たの}しむ is the original verb, which means \"to enjoy oneself\". 楽{たの}しめ, the\nimperative form, is formed by changing む to め. Imperative-form verbs are\nblunt, and are used in emergencies, in commands, to be rude, etc.\n\nThus 楽{たの}しめ roughly means \"Enjoy yourself!\" (As a command).\n\n* * *\n\n## よ\n\nThe particle よ is often used to soften commands, warnings, insistence, and so\non. So it would seem that 楽{たの}しめよ is a firm command, not a threatening one.\n\n* * *\n\nIn the context of the song, 死{し}ぬまでを 楽{たの}しめよ might be close to \"until you\ndie, you'd better enjoy yourself!\"\n\n> More examples of imperative verbs:\n>\n> (Father to child:) 早{はや}く 寝{ね}ろ！ Go to sleep early!\n>\n> (Teacher to lazy student:) 勉{べん}強{きょう}しろ！ Study!\n>\n> (Robber to bank receptionist:) 金{かね}を 全{ぜん}部{ぶ}出{だ}せ！ Take out all the\n> money! (Caution: かね is a blunt and unsophisticated way to say \"money\".)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T08:12:20.183",
"id": "33543",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-14T14:42:03.207",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11849",
"parent_id": "33541",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "I’m comfortable with the lyrics, \"If I die tonight\" being followed by the\nsecond verse, \"live it up\" as translated in English. But I’m uncomfortable\nwith the Japanese wording, “楽しめよ” coming after “If I die tonight.” It doesn't\nmake sense.\n\n“楽しめよ” is an imperative form of “楽しむ,” meaning “enjoy (the life, game, sports,\njourney, drinking, you name it).” How can you say “let’s enjoy (your short\nlife) when you’re going to die tonight”?\n\n\"Enjoy\" and \"live it up\" are different. I can understand that you say\n“もし今夜死ぬとしたら、その前に思い切り好きなことをして〈楽しんで〉死ね - Let’s live it up, if you die tonight,”\nbut I don’t understand the phrasing -もし今夜死ぬとしたら、楽しめよ – Let’s enjoy if you die\ntonight,”\n\nSeriously, what on the earth do you enjoy - 楽しむ - when you're gonna die\ntonight, say within 24 hours from now ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-14T04:51:30.770",
"id": "33566",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-14T21:44:12.403",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-14T21:44:12.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "33541",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33541 | 33543 | 33543 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33545",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following are commonly-used patterns that I find in some resources.\n\n * A: 彼は私ほどハンサムじゃない。He is not as handsome as I.\n * B: 私ほどハンサムな男の人はいない。There is no man who is as handsome as I.\n\n# Question\n\nIs it possible to rearrange `B` so that it looks like `A` as follows.\n\n> ハンサムな男の人は私ほどいない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T08:02:28.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33542",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T09:24:09.513",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T08:22:56.133",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "Can we re-position ほど phrase?",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "No, you can't rearrange it, since it's going to be grammatically incorrect.\n\nIn your sentence, the 私ほど is describing the subject and is part of ハンサムな男の人.\n\nAs a side note I would suggest useing ex. 他にない:\n\n私ほどハンサムな男の人は他にいない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-13T09:24:09.513",
"id": "33545",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T09:24:09.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10811",
"parent_id": "33542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33542 | 33545 | 33545 |
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