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{
"accepted_answer_id": "32744",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 髪を染めたんですけど、すでに黒髪が恋しくて、早く色落ちしないかなあって思ってるだけです\n\nI don't understand 落ちしないかなあって思ってる from the above quote.\n\n 1. Is 落ち acting as a noun here with しない attached? is this different from 落ちない？\n\n 2. What does かなあって mean",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T06:37:13.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32713",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T14:59:04.410",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T07:12:07.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "13776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"sentence-final-particles",
"quotes"
],
"title": "落ちしないかなあって思ってる sentence breakdown",
"view_count": 202
} | [
{
"body": "It's, word by word,\n\n * 色落ち: color loss,\n * しない: (negation of する), \n * か: (questioning particle), \n * なぁ: (sentence ending particle that stands for your inner thought),\n * って: (quotation particle)\n * 思ってる\n\nAs a whole, \" I'm thinking \"isn't it going to lose color?\" \", in short, \"I'm\nwondering if it loses color\". Actually, it implies that you hope it loses\ncolor early in this case.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T14:59:04.410",
"id": "32744",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T14:59:04.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32713",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32713 | 32744 | 32744 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32739",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was doing an exercise in which you are supposed to change questions into\nhonorific expressions (Genki II second ed, pg. 175 Ex. C.9.) when I stumbled\nupon a question which had an answer that seems contrary to the way grammar was\nexplained previously:\n\n * More precisely, けっこんしていますか was changed to けっこんしていらっしゃいますか. \n\nHowever, according to the grammar section of the book (as well as A Dictionary\nOf Basic Japanese Grammar):\n\n> \"honorific verbs generally take priority over ていらっしゃいます\".\n\nI was wondering **why in this situation the honorific verb なさる doesn't take\npriority** (giving けっこんなさっていますか as an answer). What's more, if you were to\ntype both answers into google.co.jp, the ていらっしゃいます version has 200 000 hits to\n5000 of けっこんなさっていますか.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T10:53:41.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32715",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T06:05:19.677",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-13T03:52:25.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "けっこんしていらっしゃいますか or けっこんなさっていますか",
"view_count": 2676
} | [
{
"body": "“結婚していますか” is a forthright expression for asking whether someone is married or\nnot. This is alright when you say “彼（彼女）は結婚していますか,” refering to the third\nparty, but it’s impolite and blunt if you asked “あなたは結婚していますか” in face to the\nperson whom you are not so familiar with.\n\nThe formal way of asking of “Are you married” will be either\n“(あなたは)結婚されていますか?” or ”結婚なさっていらっしゃいますか？” Both “…されて” and “….なさって” are\nhonorific verbs, and I don’t find any difference of meaning and degree in the\nspectrum of politeness between ”結婚されていますか?” and ”結婚なさっていらっしゃいますか？, though the\nreduplication of the formal expression of the latter (なさって + いらっしゃる) sounds a\nbit redundant to me.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T11:26:13.757",
"id": "32739",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-10T22:11:09.790",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-10T22:11:09.790",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32715",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> 結婚していらっしゃいますか。 \n> 結婚なさっていますか。\n\nBoth sound alright to me. I think you can also say\n\n> 結婚されていますか。\n\n* * *\n\n> honorific verbs generally take priority over ていらっしゃいます\". \n> I was wondering why in this situation the honorific verb なさる doesn't take\n> priority\n\nI think by \"honorific verbs\" they are referring to verbs such as 召し上がる, おっしゃる,\nご覧になる, ご存じだ, おいでになる, お休みになる, etc. So, for example:\n\n> 食べています。 -> 召し上がっています。 \n> 言っています。 -> おっしゃっています。 \n> 見ています。 -> ご覧になっています。 \n> 知っています。 -> ご存知です。\n\ntake priority over\n\n> 食べていらっしゃいます。 \n> 言っていらっしゃいます。 \n> 見ていらっしゃいます。 \n> 知っていらっしゃいます。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T06:05:19.677",
"id": "32872",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T06:05:19.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32715",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32715 | 32739 | 32739 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32717",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm a bit confused as to why the following sentence is wrong.\n\n> 私はその人と話すと喫茶店{きっさてん}に行きます。\n\nThe book says\n\n> The event described by the second clause must follow the event described in\n> the first half of the sentence.\n\nBut doesn't `きっさてんにいきます` happen because of `その人と話す`?\n\nHere are a couple of other samples sentences from the same sub section to\nprovide more context.\n\n> * 夜になると町が静かになります。\n> * 秋になると木が赤くなります。\n> * わたしはこどものとき、ふゆになるとかぜをひきました。\n>\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T11:59:48.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32716",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T19:50:09.613",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T16:02:52.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "11942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "〜と whenever's second clause must follow first clause",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "I think if you said\n\n> 私はその人と話すため、喫茶店に行きます。\n\nwith the meaning \"[in order] to talk to that person, I [will] go to a cafe.\"\n\nthen that could work.\n\nBut I'm not following\n\n> 私はその人と話すと喫茶店に行きます。\n\n= \"I to talk with that person **and** go to the cafe.\" ?\n\nor \" **when** I talk to the person, then I go to the cafe\" ?\n\nOr at least that's what **と** would do for me meaningwise.\n\nIf the と you're using is the one for conditionals, then it takes on a meaning\nof \"when\" as in when the condition preceded by と is met, then the second half\nfollows.\n\n> 私はその人と話すと、喫茶店に入る許可をもらいました。\n\n= if/when I talk to that person, I receive permission to enter the cafe.\n(apparently it's a pretty exclusive joint!)\n\nI think that's what the book is trying to tell you. Or rather と has a 前後関係 not\nmatched by the other conditionals possible in Japanese such that the left\nprecedes the right.\n\nAとB means whenever in the sense of \"Whenever A has occurred, then B always\noccurs after that\" or \"After A has happened, then B happens.\" Thus, it's the\nbest way to translate \"if, then\" sentences in logic. It does not refer to\nconcurrent events of A and B, because it temporally distinguishes the events.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T13:22:43.570",
"id": "32717",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T14:32:32.883",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T14:32:32.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "32716",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Think of this 〜と pattern as \"B is a natural/obvious result of A happening\".\nHere's a classic textbook example:\n\n> * エレベーターのボタンを押すと、ドアが開きました。 → \"When I pressed the elevator('s) button, the\n> door opened.\" or \"I pressed the button, and the door opened.\"\n>\n\nSo when your book says \"The event described by the second clause **_must\nfollow_** the event described in the first half of the sentence\", this is not\nincorrect, but it's a bit misleading. It means to logically follow as a\nresult, not just follow temporally.\n\nThis is why the first sentence is incorrect; going to a coffee shop is not an\nobvious/natural result of talking to someone. If it were, everyone would like\npermanently be in, or going to, coffee shops.\n\nSo if you just remember the \"natural/obvious result\" thing, it should make\nthis pattern easier to remember and use. Because of this, the B can rarely\n(never?) be something subjective like a decision, since an action based on\nyour own discretion is not likely to be obvious to everyone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T16:01:29.150",
"id": "32720",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T19:50:09.613",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T19:50:09.613",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "32716",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32716 | 32717 | 32717 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32719",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've read the definition of ぷっくりする in a dictionary, and it can basically\ndescribe someone who is chubby. As I have rarely seen this expression used,\nI'd like to know how (in)appropiate it is. Is ぷっくり on the same level as デブ or\n太っている?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T14:02:25.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32718",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T23:22:27.223",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T23:22:27.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How offensive is ぷっくりする?",
"view_count": 1777
} | [
{
"body": "I hear rarely ぷっくりしている but ぽっちゃりしている is commonly used as the meaning of\nchubby.\n\nI think ぽっちゃりしている isn't offensive more than デブ and 太っている and it is the pretty\nway of saying of fatness.\n\nHowever how the person feel the level as fatness is different with each\nperson.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T15:41:41.267",
"id": "32719",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T15:41:41.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32718",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 32718 | 32719 | 32719 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I remember reading a haiku which I thought was by Sei Shonagon (I think I read\nit in Will and Ariel Durant's \"Our Oriental Heritage\" volume, in Greek, a long\ntime ago. It was about losing a child, and it went something like\n\n> How far the young hunter had to go today to gather his butterflies\n\nbut I cannot find it by reasonable searching. Does it ring a bell? Was it\nShonagon? Was it maybe Izumi Shikibu? (I do not think it was Murasaki\nShikibu.)\n\nI'd be most obliged, this is for an acquaintance that has lost an 8-yr old\nchild (not that any haiku would make any difference to somehting like that).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T19:39:17.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32721",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-19T01:28:20.310",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T20:12:31.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "13786",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"haiku"
],
"title": "A lost haiku from the Heian period about the death of a child",
"view_count": 1249
} | [
{
"body": "I finally found it thanks to @broccoli forest's\n[link](https://archive.org/stream/storyofcivilizat035369mbp/storyofcivilizat035369mbp_djvu.txt)\nin the comments.\n\nThe book says:\n\n> And when the Lady Kaga no Chiyo lost her husband she wrote, merely:\n>\n> All things that seem Are but\n>\n> One dreamer's dream\n>\n> I sleep 1 wake\n>\n> How wide\n>\n> The bed with none beside.\"\n>\n> **Then, having lost also her child, she added two lines:**\n>\n> **Today, how far may he have wandered, The brave hunter of dragon-flies!**\n\nIt talks about 福田千代尼 = [Fukuda Chiyo-\nni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukuda_Chiyo-ni) (or [加賀千代女]{かがのちよじょ} = Lady\nKaga no Chiyo). She was an Edo era poet who lived 1703 to 1775.\n\nShe is said to have married at 18 but quickly lost her husband to disease, as\nwell as having a child which she quickly lost too. However none of this is\nknown for certain. [(source)](http://jphaiku.jp/haizinn/tiyojo.html)\n\nThe original poem in Japanese goes:\n\n> とんぼつり今日はどこまで行ったやら \n> Tombo tsuri kyou wa doko made itta yara \n> Dragonfly hunting. I wonder how far [he] went today (my attempt at a more\n> literal translation)\n\nAccording to [this source](http://jphaiku.jp/haizinn/tiyojo.html), this haiku\nis attributed to Kaga no Chiyo but it is not certain if she wrote it or even\nif she was married. It is said to be a haiku about the loss of a child, as you\nsaid.\n\n[jphaiku.jp](http://jphaiku.jp/how/omoi.html) discusses this haiku as an\nexample of good haiku writing in conveying emotion through objects or the\nscenery rather than stating them directly. The site says:\n\n> いなくなってしまった息子は、きっとどこか遠くまでとんぼつりに出かけてしまったのだろう、早く帰ってこないかなぁ、という子供を偲ぶ句です。 \n> あるいは、息子は天国でもとんぼつりをして楽しく暮らしているのだろうか、という解釈もできます。\n>\n>\n> 作者の感情を断定的に書かないで、とんぼつりに託したことで、読み手は千代女の気持ちを想像して、より深く、その悲しみや寂しさ、親心などを理解し、共感することができます。 \n> \n> This is a poem honoring the memory of her dead son which can be understood\n> as saying that, \"he must have gone far from home hunting dragonflies, I hope\n> he comes back soon...\" \n> Another possible interpretation is that the son is enjoying a fun life\n> hunting dragonflies in Heaven too.\n>\n> Because Chiyo conveys her emotions through the medium of \"dragonfly hunting\"\n> rather than simply stating them, the reader can better sympathize with her\n> and more deeply understand and imagine her grief, loneliness, and parental\n> love for her child. (my translation)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T13:27:11.200",
"id": "32740",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T14:03:13.247",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T14:03:13.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "3010",
"owner_user_id": "3010",
"parent_id": "32721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 32721 | null | 32740 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32730",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have effectively zero knowledge of Japanese, but I'm trying to learn :D Out\nof curiosity I tried to see if something like the german \"Fresskoma\" (english:\nfood coma?), i.e., the lethargic state after eating too much food, exists in\nJapanese. I came up with 食品昏睡 (probably ridiculous :D), but then I found\n[this](http://ja.termwiki.com/JA/food_coma), which suggests that 食品昏睡状態\nactually exists. Is that an actual thing? :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T21:39:24.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32723",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T04:44:51.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is 食品昏睡状態 a thing?",
"view_count": 287
} | [
{
"body": "食品昏睡（状態） is not a word and doesn't really make sense...\n\n> \"Fresskoma\" (english: food coma?), i.e., the lethargic state after eating\n> too much food\n\nLiteral translations would not work here... I think you could translate it as\n「[食後]{しょくご}の[眠気]{ねむけ}」「食後の[睡魔]{すいま}」「[満腹時]{まんぷくじ}の眠気」 etc., or explain it as\n「[食事]{しょくじ}のあと[眠]{ねむ}くなること」「[食]{た}べたあと眠くなること」「[満腹]{まんぷく}になると眠くなること」 etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T04:44:51.263",
"id": "32730",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T04:44:51.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32723",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32723 | 32730 | 32730 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32725",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently trying to plug my way through a Japanese article about end-of-\nlife care for the elderly. So far I'm getting the jist, but one compound has\nstumped me. Here's the full sentence:\n\n> 回答者を看取り介護 **了承群** 、迷い群、未 **了承群**\n> の3群に分け、入居者の「認知力」、「活動力」、施設の「介護力」、家族の「生き方」と「死への向きあい方」について比較した結果、 **了承群**\n> >迷い群>未了承群の順で入居者の認知力は低く、施設の介護力への評価が高かった。\n\nThe sentence is talking about the results of a self-administered\nquestionnaire, but yeah...I have no idea about the compound, and google\nsearches are just leading me to Chinese webpages, which aren't helpful. I've\ntried breaking down each character, so far I have that 了 means \"complete\" and\n群 \"group\" but I'm not sure if this is accurate, and obviously when compounds\nare put together the meaning can shift a bit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T22:45:38.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32724",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T16:49:39.780",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T22:50:56.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "11274",
"owner_user_id": "11274",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Health related kanji compound: 了承群",
"view_count": 257
} | [
{
"body": "The issue here is not 了承群. The clue is just after that part: `の３群に分け`. Now re-\nread the beginning and attempt to make sense of it.\n\n> The respondents/\"answerers\"/survey participants split into three 群\n> (crowds/groups): (the group of) those that consent to giving care, (the\n> group of) those that were lost on it, and (the group of) those who had yet\n> to give consent...\n\nSo the 群 is just a suffix to represent each of the 3 groups. It's not\ninherently part of the term 了承 (which is itself not inherently a health\nrelated term). I would assume a pronunciation of 「ぐん」 for it; someone can\ncorrect me if it would actually be 「むれ」.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T23:51:28.553",
"id": "32725",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T16:49:39.780",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T16:49:39.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "32724",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 32724 | 32725 | 32725 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Maybe I'm an idiot, but no matter how much I Google I can't seem to grasp the\nconcept of か being used mid-sentence. I've already run into it a number of\ntimes. Like here:\n\n> アメリカやヨーロッパなど６つの国は、イランが核兵器をつくろうとしているのではない **か** と考えて、経済制裁を続けていました。\n\nI believe this roughly means...\n\n> Six countries within the Americas and Europe, thinking that **perhaps** Iran\n> shouldn't be trying to create nuclear weapons, continued with economic\n> sanctions.\n\nFrom what I understand, か here indicates an embedded question. Like in\nEnglish, \"I know **what** you mean.\" It can also indicate uncertainty with the\nspeaker in conversation. This comes from a news article though (admittedly for\nkids, haha), so I'm thinking I'm incorrect in assuming that last part.\n\nAlso, I've seen it here in this sentence:\n\n> 夏にちょうどいい名前だね、と何回言われたこと **か** 真夏はバレエの準備をしていた。\n\nMy attempt is roughly...\n\n> Manatsu, who was told her name was perfect for summer **how** many times,\n> was practicing ballet.\n\nI guess what I'm asking is whether or not I have this thinking right. If I\ndon't, please correct me and try to put it in super simple terms because I\nfeel like I'm not going to get it otherwise. I've been struggling with this\nfor awhile, hah.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T01:50:21.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32726",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-21T05:00:09.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Usage of か I keep encountering",
"view_count": 1682
} | [
{
"body": "There are a few situations one would use か mid-sentence. For example:\n\n1) 私は電車 **か** バスで行く。(I will go either by train **or** bus)\n\n2) ぼくがだれ **か** 知ってるか。(Do you know **who I am**?)\n\nIn the first example, you can use か if you are deciding between two things. In\nthe second example, in answer to part of your question, yes, you can use it as\nan embedded question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-08T05:44:07.327",
"id": "35757",
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{
"body": "> アメリカやヨーロッパなど６つの国は、イランが核兵器をつくろうとしているのではないかと考えて、経済制裁を続けていました。\n\nAs already mentioned in a comment, [the exact sentence has already got\ndetailed explanation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30560/7810). One\npoint is, か doesn't stand as \"question word\" but represents the intention of\nquestion or doubt itself. Japanese \"indirect\" quote always follows the grammar\nof direct quote, so the most faithful translation would be like \"thinking\n'Isn't Iran going to make nuclear weapons?'\"\n\n> 夏にちょうどいい名前だね、と何回言われたことか真夏はバレエの準備をしていた。\n\nThis sentence is on the borderline of ungrokkableness. If I were asked if it's\ngrammatical, the answer is definitely **no**. Don't write such kind of\nJapanese! :)\n\nThe most reasonable interpretation I can think of is the part before か is a\nmonologue of 真夏 turned into narration. It doesn't seem to clearly modify\nanything in the rest, an extreme case of [dangling\nmodifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_modifier).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-21T05:00:09.567",
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| 32726 | null | 35757 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been trying to figure out why a native speaker told me to use 〜になる\ninstead of です here.\n\nMy original sentence:\n\n> 日本語のテレビ番組を見るのは良い練習です。\n\nCorrected sentence:\n\n> 日本語のテレビ番組を見るのは良い練習になります。\n\nI've asked them about the reason why, and all they said is that 〜になる is more\nnatural to use, even though です is still technically correct.\n\nBut, I don't understand why it is more natural to use 〜になる here. I was always\ntaught that the 〜になる construction meant \"to become\" or something along those\nlines. And I can't find anything about it online, unless I'm just looking in\nthe wrong places?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T02:12:36.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "Using 〜になる instead of です?",
"view_count": 478
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not a native speaker, but here's my gut feeling.\n\n練習 is a process (something that grows/changes with time) that you continue to\ndo. です has a static feel about. 私は先生です --> That's what I am: a teacher, it\ndoesn't change. But 練習 is something that changes and develops with time and so\nneeds a verb to match the feeling of change. And, that verb would be なる.\n\nAlso, になる has something of a future feel about it as in, \"If I watch Japanese\ntv, it will be good practice\". When you're saying 日本語のテレビ番組を見る you're not\nreally talking about what you're doing in the moment right now. It's something\nyou intend to do. As such there's a certain vagueness to it which feels more\nsuitably expressed with になる instead of です, which has a much stronger sense of\nfinality about it.\n\nIn summary, if whatever you are equating can be conceived as a process that\nchanges and develops over time, then you want to be using になる instead of です.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-08T04:41:26.337",
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| 32727 | null | 32729 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I wanted to ask this question to my Japanese instructor, but I understand that\nin Japanese, it is inappropriate to use 〜たい to 目上の人\n\nSo how would I phrase this question in a polite way? よろしくお願いいたします。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T06:22:03.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32731",
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"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "13793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Appropriateness of using ～たい in a polite setting: \"Have you always wanted to be a teacher\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 188
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think it's inappropriate to confirm what's already done instead of\nhis/her current desire (Actually, this question doesn't seem taken as rude,\nconsidering the nature of the question, even if it referred to the current\nsituation). So, I'd say ずっと教師になりたいとお思いでしたか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T10:55:41.060",
"id": "32734",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "You can say ずっと先生になりたいと思われていますか?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-09T19:05:43.803",
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| 32731 | null | 32734 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32737",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japanese textbooks teach us to reply どういたしまして。 when people say ありがとうございます。So\ngenerally it means \"You're welcome~\"\n\nBut I read that a lot of people saying that when we say どういたしまして。 it somewhat\nlooks \"arrogant\". It's like we position ourself higher than the one we help.\nSo the proper common reply should be どうも。 If maybe we're indeed someone in a\nhigher position like a boss helping a janitor, then どういたしまして might be proper.\n\nIs the statement above true?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T08:22:53.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32732",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T10:27:47.627",
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"greetings"
],
"title": "Regarding どういたしまして usage",
"view_count": 3246
} | [
{
"body": "どういたしまして is one of the politest phrases you can say in response to _Thank you_\n, and it never sounds arrogant to me. Whether you are a boss or you're saying\nthis to your boss, it doesn't matter.\n\nThat said, どういたしまして is definitely lengthy even for native speakers, and this\nphrase is only sometimes heard even in formal and/or classy conversations. In\ncasual settings, shorter expressions like うん, はい, いいえ, いえいえ are probably more\ncommon. いいえ (lit. \"No\") in this context roughly means \"My pleasure and you\ndon't need to thank me.\"\n\nどうも is an almighty phrase which can mean _Hi_ , _Bye_ , _Sorry_ , _Thanks_ and\n_You're welcome_ depending on the context, but this phrase may sound rude if\nyou used it an inappropriate way. Before you understand how どうも is used in\nreal formal situations, I'd suggest you stick to どういたしまして, 大丈夫です, 問題ありません,\netc.\n\nSee this question for other possible expressions.\n\n * [How do you respond to thanks given?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1951/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-08T11:05:29.043",
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]
| 32732 | 32737 | 32737 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32738",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> フィリピンの既婚女性の海外出稼ぎを家族崩壊と結びつけたこの映画は、「女性の海外出稼ぎの\n> 社会的コスト」を典型的に指し示すものとして、他方では自分たちのすぐ隣で起こっている物語\n> として、多くのフィリピン人の共感を誘い、国内のみならずフィリピン人の海外出稼ぎ先各国で も上映された。\n\nMy translation:\n\n> This film, which ties together already wed Filipino women and the breakdown\n> of the family, points to the typical \"the social cost of migrant working\n> women\", on the other hand as a story of our immediate neighbours it inveites\n> us to empathise with many filipinos, not only in our country but in other\n> countries too.\n\nIt doesn't make sense atm, but trying to get a whole comprehension on the\nsentences and can't work it out. Can any help me deconstruct this properly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T10:07:06.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32733",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T10:26:00.953",
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"owner_user_id": "13796",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Help deconstructing a paragraph",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "The most basic structure is:\n\n> この映画は、多くのフィリピン人の共感を誘い、上映された。 \n> This movie raised sympathy of many Filipino, and was screened.\n\nAnd after adding some modifier clauses:\n\n>\n> ［フィリピンの既婚女性の海外出稼ぎを家族崩壊と結びつけた→］この映画は、〔Aとして、他方ではBとして、→〕多くのフィリピン人の共感を誘い、｛国内のみならずフィリピン人の海外出稼ぎ先各国でも→｝上映された。 \n> This movie ［←, which associated emigration of wed Filipino women and the\n> breakdown of their family,］ raised sympathy of many Filipino 〔←(partly) as\n> A, and partly as B〕, and was screened ｛←not only in this country but also in\n> other countries where Filipino work as migrant workers.｝\n\n他方では (\"on the other hand\") is often used with 一方では, which seems to be omitted\nin this sentence.\n\nAnd finally, A and B are the following noun clauses:\n\n> * A: ｛「女性の海外出稼ぎの社会的コスト」を典型的に指し示す→｝もの\n> * B: ｛自分たちのすぐ隣で起こっている→｝物語\n>\n\n指し示す in this context is \"describe\", \"symbolize\", etc.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T11:23:59.220",
"id": "32738",
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}
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| 32733 | 32738 | 32738 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32742",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 人間の生き方をより純化にしたものが聖杯戦争という殺し合いだ\n\nA battle to the death which is the Holy grail War, an event which is purer\nthan the way of lives of humans.\n\n> 人間の生き方をより純化にさせたものが聖杯戦争という殺し合いだ\n\nA battle to the death which is the Holy grail War, an event which makes a\nthing purer than the way of lives of humans.\n\nMy idea is that in the first 1, the one with no causative,\n\n> 人間の生き方をより純化にした\n\nis describing \"もの\", so the thing which is purer than the lives of the humans\nis もの.\n\nIf I used the causative it would make もの the thing which is causing the fact\nof being purer.\n\nAm I correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T11:00:25.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32736",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "What would change if I used the causative in this sentence?",
"view_count": 151
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, as I posted in the comment, 純化 is a suru-verb meaning _to\npurify_ , and 純化 **に** する doesn't make much sense. We never need に there. I\nbelieve this sentence should have been:\n\n> [A] 人間の生き方をより純化したものが聖杯戦争という殺し合いだ。\n\nSecond, `X + を + [te-form of verb] + た/だ + もの` can mean \"the product made by\n～ing X\", \"the result from ～ing X\", etc. （eg, 刺身【さしみ】とは、生【なま】の魚を切ったものだ。）\n\nTherefore, in this case, 人間の生き方をより純化したもの just means \"The human's way of life\n(itself) which is purified\" rather than \"An event which purified human's way\nof life.\" And the whole sentence means \"The death match called 聖杯戦争 is a\npurified form of human's way of life.\"\n\n* * *\n\nNow, to answer your original question:\n\n> [B] 人間の生き方をより **純化させた** ものが聖杯戦争という殺し合いだ。\n\nYes, it's also OK to say like this. This sentence is as natural as Sentence A,\nand means exactly the same thing as A. This is because 純化 happens to be used\nboth transitively and intransitively, which is **_not_** the case for many\nother words which have `～化`. (For example, 強化する/美化する is only transitive but\n劣化する/進化する is only intransitive. I don't know why.)\n\nIn Sentence A, 純化 is used as a transitive verb, whose object is marked with を.\nThe phrase literally means \"The thing made by purifying human's way of life.\"\nIn Sentence B, 純化 is used as an intransitive verb, whose causative form is\n\"[causee]を[verb]させる\". The phrase literally means \"The thing made by making\nhuman's way of life sublime/purify itself.\"\n\nBy the way, the following sentence is also the same as A and B.\n\n> [C] 人間の生き方 **が** より **純化された** ものが聖杯戦争という殺し合いだ。\n\nIn other words, 純化したX, 純化されたX, 純化させたX all roughly refer to the same thing\n(\"purified X\"), although there's a small difference in nuance.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T14:37:14.553",
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| 32736 | 32742 | 32742 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32745",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've just started Japanese, so please go easy on the grammar!\n\nI see from this website that ~madeni means \"by that time,\" but I'm not sure if\nyou just append that to the time you want to specify (i.e., rokujimadeni).\nAlso, is there a perfect and/or future perfect tense equivalent in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T13:44:26.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32741",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T14:31:46.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "13798",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"aspect",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "How to say \"I will have arrived home by 6 pm.\"",
"view_count": 4753
} | [
{
"body": "Grammar wise it requires the attachment \"hazu desu\" (means should be... plus\nother connotations), the present continuous verb(te form)+iru ... read [this\npage by Maggiesensei](http://maggiesensei.com/2012/11/14/request-lesson-how-\nand-when-to-use-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9Ahazu/) for hazu desu.\n\n[page for -teiru](http://maggiesensei.com/2014/07/31/how-to-\nuse-v%EF%BC%8B%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-teiru-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-teimasu/)\n\nShe is awesome in my opinion, and her pages are filled with examples as well\nas incredible explanations!\n\nMy translation would probably be of the english sentence \"I should be home\nfrom 6pm (onwards <-- Implied)\". Which has a similar feel.\n\n> 私は午後6時から家に戻っているはずです。\n>\n> watashi ha gogo roku-ji kara ie ni modotteiru hazu desu.\n\ngogo just means afternoon, so 18:00 not 06:00. The rest is particles and\nvocab.\n\nKeep in mind there is no one correct way to say something in language, so this\nis what I would have strung up. However my grammar may have different\nconnotations so i'd appreciate being pulled up on anything wrong in my\nunderstanding!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-08T14:51:03.767",
"id": "32743",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "## ~madeni (~までに)\n\nYes, as you said, it's that simple - append \"~までに\" to the time you want to\nspecify.\n\n**But!** Since this is used in future perfect, it's kinda weird to say までに. We\nsay **までには** (madeniwa.) \n**には** is a combination of `case particle` に and `engagement particle` は. \n**に** indicates the time the action ends (or starts,) and **は** indicates the\ntopic (or important point) in the sentence.\n\n## Perfect / future perfect\n\nThere are 3 possible ways to interpret those tenses.\n\n * **Continuation**\n * **Experience**\n * **Completion**\n\nAnd of course we have separate translations for those. We use:\n\n * **\"~しつづけている\"** for continuation \n\n> (Ex. He's been sick since yesterday - 彼{かれ}は 昨日{きのう}から 病気{びょうき}で寝{ね}\n> **つづけている** )\n\n * **\"~したことがある\"** for experience \n\n> (Ex. I've been to Japan in the past - 私{わたし}は 前{まえ}に 日本{にほん}に 行{い}っ\n> **たことがある**\n\n * **\"~しまった\"** or **\"~したところだ\"** for completion \n\n> I've arrived home - 私{わたし}は 家{いえ}に つい **たところだ**\n\nAnd we use \"~だろう\" for future patterns, like:\n\n> It'll rain soon. もうすぐ 雨{あめ}が 降{ふ}る **だろう**\n\nHowever, it's not that simple to combine those, because the translation\nchanges (because it sounds weird)\n\n * For continuation, say \"~ **したことになるだろう** \" \n\n> I'll have lived in Japan for 5 years next August - 来年{らいねん}の 8月{がつ}で 私は 日本に\n> 5年間{ねんかん} 住{す}んだ ことになるだろう\n\n * For experience, say \"~ **したことになるだろう** \" (same as continuation because I don't think there's _much_ difference in situation - in both usage the subject is still doing the thing.)\n * For completion, say \"~ **しているだろう** \" \n * Let's take your sentence: \n\n> I'll have arrived home by 6pm - 私{わたし}は 6時{じ}まで **には** 家{いえ}に 帰{かえ}って\n> **いるだろう**",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T15:14:13.000",
"id": "32745",
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"score": 5
}
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| 32741 | 32745 | 32745 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32749",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 弱い冒険者からは階層主という名 **で** 恐れられているように、.....\n\nIs で marking the agent of the passive sentence? I thought you had to use に.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T17:07:29.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32746",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-08T19:57:45.950",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T19:02:07.150",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13774",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What does で do in this?",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "No, this 階層主 is feared by 弱い冒険者, which is marked by から in this sentence. Some\nverbs can take から instead of に when in passive voice.\n\n> * 私は彼 **に** 見下された ＝ 私は彼 **から** 見下された ＝ I was looked down by him.\n> * 上司 **に** 仕事を任された ＝ 上司 **から** 仕事を任された ＝ I was assigned a task by my boss.\n>\n\n(BTW irregular prepositions are also found in English passive sentences, for\nexample \"I was surprised _at_ ...\", \"He was known _to_ ...\")\n\n* * *\n\nAnd this で is not directly related to passive voice, but is a particle which\ncorresponds to \"under\" in \" **under** the name of 階層主.\"\n\n> 弱い冒険者からは階層主という名で恐れられているように、... \n> ＝ 弱い冒険者 **に** は階層主という名で恐れられているように、... \n> ＝ As he is feared by low-rank adventurers under the name of 階層主, ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T19:57:45.950",
"id": "32749",
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"parent_id": "32746",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32746 | 32749 | 32749 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32759",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I found\n[here](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1011231410)\nthat 涙 is a semasio-phonetic character (形声文字) while 泪 is a more visual\nversion. Apart from that no big differences should be between this two ways of\nwriting \"namida\". Anyway I would like to be sure of that.\n\nThank you very much!\n\nEdit: I searched 泪 on google. Although the results are mostly in Chinese there\nare also results in Japanese. See for example\n[here](https://www.google.de/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=%22%C3%BCbervoriger%20WOche%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&gfe_rd=cr&ei=ZzPfVoOtFKeI8Qen7Z4I#q=%E6%B3%AA%20%E3%81%AF&channel=fs&start=20).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T19:38:05.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32747",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T23:34:44.480",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3904",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Difference between the kanjis for \"tears/なみだ\": 涙 and 泪",
"view_count": 684
} | [
{
"body": "There is apparently also a third character for this reading, 涕. I'm not aware\nof any differences in meaning between the three, but in my own reading, I've\nonly ever run across the 涙 spelling.\n\n**UPDATE:**\n\nBe sure to read the comments from snailboat -- the additional data should\npaint a clearer picture of the relative occurrences of these different\nspellings.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-08T22:40:40.177",
"id": "32755",
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},
{
"body": "涙 is 常用漢字 but 泪 is not. Today 泪 is only seen in lyrics, poetry and such. One\nanswer in the chiebukuro question you linked says 「泪の方が演歌っぽい」, which I think\nbest describes the actual difference in usage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T03:48:28.593",
"id": "32759",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32747 | 32759 | 32759 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32754",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to figure out what \"かみつれを手に\". The word かみつれ is in hiragana, so I\ncan't use kanji to figure it out. I have a feeling it means \"( something ) in\nhand\".\n\nI searched in Google, and chamomile came up, but I have doubting feelings\nabout that since,\n\n 1. aren't imported words in katakana?\n 2. if it were imported, wouldn't it read \"kamomiru\"?\n\nI just don't know what かみつれ is. As far as Google results show, it means\nholding Pokemon's Gym Leader Elesa by the hand. Can anyone confirm chamomile\nor perhaps give かみつれ's real meaning?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T20:37:13.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32750",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T05:13:31.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "What does かみつれ mean?",
"view_count": 407
} | [
{
"body": "かみつれ（カミツレ） is the Japanese name for chamomile, a type of flower.\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB>\n\nEdit:\n\nSince you edited your question, I'm adding to my answer. かみつれ is the Japanese\nname, and therefore it does not necessarily need to be in katakana.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-08T22:25:52.577",
"id": "32754",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T05:13:31.733",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-09T05:13:31.733",
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"owner_user_id": "9508",
"parent_id": "32750",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32750 | 32754 | 32754 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32760",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw in an app the word in Japanese is kaishain, but when I looked up in\ndictionary, it said shain. What is the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T00:05:09.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32757",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T04:48:14.197",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-09T02:10:58.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "13759",
"owner_user_id": "13759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Company officer",
"view_count": 389
} | [
{
"body": "会社員 would be used to indicate the type of job you're in. Categories could be\nprofessor (教員), doctor (医師), nurse (看護師), public services (公務員) and so on.\n\n社員 would be used to indicate that you are an employee from a said private\ncompany. トヨタ社員 for example, if you work for Toyota.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T04:00:31.253",
"id": "32760",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T04:48:14.197",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-09T04:48:14.197",
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"owner_user_id": "11699",
"parent_id": "32757",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "社員 ( _shain_ ) is used to refer to a member of a certain company. 会社員 (\n_kaishain_ ) is a job name.\n\n * 「仕事は何ですか？」「会社員です。」 \n\"What do you do?\" \"I'm an office worker.\"\n\n * 会社員をやめて店を開いています。 \nI'm running a shop after leaving a company.\n\n * XYZ社の社員となった。 \nI became a member of XYZ company.\n\n * うちの会社には社員が50人います。 \nThere are 50 members in my company.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T04:03:22.930",
"id": "32761",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T04:03:22.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32757",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32757 | 32760 | 32761 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32763",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Text:\n\n>\n> 同じ頃のとある日曜日、20万の「メイド」と呼ばれる外国人家事労働者が働く香港のあるビルの一部屋では、演劇ワークショップを行うフィリピン人家事労働者たちの姿があった.\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Around the same time on a Sunday, 200000 'maids' - what foreign domestic\n> house labourers are called - work in one room in a Hong Kong building.\n> Filopino domestic house labourers who perform a stage workshop can be seen.\n\nThere's something wrong with my translation but I can't pick it up. Are there\nreally 200 000 maids in one building or one in each building? Can someone help\nme tell me why I'm wrong? And what a good translation would be?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T04:37:12.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32762",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-10T01:13:22.803",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-10T01:13:22.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "13796",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Are there really 200 000 maids in one building?",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "This is certainly a confusing sentence, but I think 20万の…家事労働者が働く only\nmodifies 香港, not 香港のあるビル.\n\n> In a room of a building in Hong Kong, where 200,000 foreign house labourers\n> (known as \"maids\") work, there were ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T05:07:25.233",
"id": "32763",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T05:07:25.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32762 | 32763 | 32763 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32768",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "First, I would like to let you know that I'm aware of a few topics already\nmade regarding \"try\" here:\n\n• [Saying \"try\" in\nJapanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29928/saying-try-in-\njapanese)\n\n• [Different ways to\n\"try\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28942/different-ways-to-\ntry)\n\nBut after reading those topics, I still feel unsure, therefore I write this\nquestion...\n\nThis is about when you go to Japanese Electronic Store or something similar,\nand you want to buy the appliance (in this case a hair straightener). Before\nyou pick the item and go home, you want to make sure that it functions well...\nSo we'd like to say \"Can I test it?\" (to see if it's not broken)\n\nI come up with a few sentences... But I'm unsure if these are correct...\n\n> 1. ためしてください (I want to test it)\n>\n> 2. ためしてみたい、いいですか？ (I want to try testing it, is it okay?)\n>\n> 3. 使ってみたい、いいですか？(I want to try using it, is it okay?)\n>\n>\n\nIt's written in dictionary that ためして is to test, but I read in some comments\nthat ためして is very rarely used in common daily life. And when it's used, it's\nbeing used for something serious like to test a new government law or\nsomething... Is this right?\n\nCould you help to explain what is the best sentence to use in daily life for\nthis situation? Thank you so much in advance :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T05:59:14.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32764",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-19T02:32:51.770",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "To test appliance before buying",
"view_count": 477
} | [
{
"body": "試【ため】す and 試してみる are both fine in this context.\n\n「試してください」 and 「試してみてください」 are inappropriate because they mean \"Please try it.\"\n\n「ためしてみたい、いいですか？」 makes sense, but this sentence is an unnatural mixture of\nnon-polite and polite expressions. Try one of these instead:\n\n * 試してみたいのですが、いいですか？\n * 試してみてもいいですか？\n * 試してもいいですか？\n * 試していいですか？\n\nLonger ones are closer to \"Do you mind if I tried it?\" and shorter ones are\ncloser to \"Can I try it?\" There would be even politer expressions, but I think\nyou can safely use the shortest version in stores.\n\n使ってみて(も)いいですか is also perfectly fine. But if you said 使ってもいいですか, they might\ngently smile at you saying \"Of course, if you buy it.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T07:12:58.067",
"id": "32767",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T07:21:54.733",
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{
"body": "Well, to be honest, I never thought of testing an electronic device to see if\nit works or not before buying it in Japan unless it's secondhand or has known\ncompatibility issues, and I don't know if every salesclerk is ready for it,\nbut...\n\nThe best way to ask for it is:\n\n> 動くかどうか試してみていいですか？ _Is it okay to test if it works?_ \n> 動くか（どうか）確かめてみていいですか？ _Is it okay to confirm if it works?_\n\nor, if you want them to test:\n\n> 動くかどうか試してもらえますか？ _Can you test if it works?_ \n> 動くか（どうか）確かめて（みて）もらえますか？ _Can you confirm if it works?_\n\nYour\n\n 1. ためしてください \nisn't \"I want to test it\", but \"Please test it\".\n\n 2. ためしてみたい、いいですか？ \nand...\n\n 3. 使ってみたい、いいですか？ \nare good in word choice, but grammatically sound a bit doge speak (\"want test\nokay?\"). You can say ためしてみたいのですがいいですか？ or 使ってみたいのですがいいですか？ to combine them.\nNote that 使う often implies you apply it to real use case, that is, if it's a\nhair straightener, you test it with your hair.\n\n> _...I read in some comments that ためして is very rarely used in common daily\n> life. And when it's used, it's being used for something serious like to test\n> a new government law or something... Is this right?_\n\nIt depends. If the word means \"test somebody's ability\", it sounds quite\nbookish, but used in \"try using something\" or \"try out something\", it is a\ndaily language (and common around me).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T07:30:38.463",
"id": "32768",
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},
{
"body": "If you want to say:\n\n 1. I want to test it.\n\n 2. I want to try testing it, is it okay?\n\n 3. I want to try using it, is it okay? \n\nin Japanese, you can say;\n\n1.（それを）試してみたい。\n\n2.（それを）試してみたいが、いいですか？\n\n3.（それを）使ってみてもいいですか？\n\n試して（見る）is a quite common word to mean to try in such a way as;\n\n動くかどうか、試してみる – to test whether it moves or not.\n\n使えるかどうか、試してみる – to test to ascertain whether the product is usable or not.\n\n商品を試してみる – to test / evaluate a product.\n\n人物を試してみる – test / evaluate a person (on his capability, personality /\nsuitability)\n\n一か八か試してみる – take one’s chances.\n\nAs the word to mean both try and use, there is “試用,” which is a noun, and\n試用する, a verb. But we rarely use it in spoken form, because it could be\nconfused with ”使用する,” which vocally sounds the same with the latter.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-09-19T02:32:51.770",
"id": "39299",
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}
]
| 32764 | 32768 | 32768 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32766",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence in a workbook:\n\n> それとこれ **と** は別でしょう。\n\nMy translation of this sentence is:\n\n> As for that and this, they are different.\n\nWhat is the significance of the second と? How is the sentence translated with\nit?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T06:03:02.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32765",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-09T06:24:04.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Why is there a と in front of 別?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "Originally, と was used after each word in a list. From\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8-579147):\n\n> いくつかの事柄を列挙する意を表す。「君―ぼく―の仲」 \n> [補説] **並立する語ごとに「と」を用いるのが本来の用法** であるが、現代語ではいちばんあとにくる「と」を省略するのが普通となっている。\n\nThe last と in a list is usually omitted at least in modern Japanese. In this\nsentence, you can safely omit the second と, but explicitly putting the second\nと emphasizes that these two (それ and これ) are contrasted. `AとBと` is still common\nin formal or complex sentences.\n\nSee: [「X」と「Y」と - how does the second と affect the\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30969/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T06:24:04.427",
"id": "32766",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
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"parent_id": "32765",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 32765 | 32766 | 32766 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32771",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The particle か pops up in various places (among others):\n\n * Turning interrogative pronouns into indefinite ones: なに -> なにか, だれ -> だれか, etc.;\n * Listing alternatives (like the English conjunction 'or');\n * Turning declarative sentences into interrogative ones.\n\nThese all seem vaguely connected to some idea of doubt or possibility. Is that\njust an accident of having only so many short particles, or there some\nhistorical connection between them? More specifically, was there some sort of\nirrealis marker that links these usages?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T16:03:57.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32769",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T01:00:12.400",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T01:00:12.400",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Common origin of uses of the か particle",
"view_count": 184
} | [
{
"body": "~~I'm not sure what you mean by _\"some sort of irrealis marker that links\nthese usages\"_. If you could clarify that, I will update this answer post.~~ →\n_(See the UPDATE below in response to the asker's clarifications.)_\n\nThat aside, the か marker is a general marker of indeterminate-ness (an\n\"indeterminer\"? :) ).\n\n * After a statement, it makes that statement indeterminate: it indicates that the speaker is seeking confirmation -- it turns the statement into a question.\n * After an interrogative pronoun (like 何{なに}, 誰{だれ} etc.), it makes that interrogative even more indeterminate in a way -- compare the use of English _ever_ when used after interrogatives, such as _what_ → _whatever_ , _who_ → _whoever_ , and so forth. \n(Note: this is just as an illustration of the mechanics of turning an\ninterrogative into a non-specific noun. Strictly speaking, a closer\ntranslation of _whatever_ into Japanese would be 何{なに}も, where the も maps\ncloser to the _ever_ part.)\n\n * When listing multiple possibilities or options, it again marks indeterminate-ness: it's A, **or** B, **or** C, etc., in an indeterminate fashion.\n\nAll of these uses are conceptually much closer in the Japanese. The idea of\nthese each being separate \"words\" that all just happen to be か is largely an\nartifact of trying to translate these uses into English.\n\n_Speculation:_\n\nIn classical Japanese, I am interested in the apparent semantic relationship\nbetween か as an indeterminate / non-specific marker, and こ or こそ as a\ndeterminate / specific marker. That said, I have not read any research into\nthis one way or the other: this is purely my own personal speculation.\n\n_Addendum:_\n\nHistorically, the various indeterminate uses of か appear already in the oldest\nJapanese writings, such as the\n[万葉集{まんようしゅう}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB) (completed\ncirca 759, with some sections possibly centuries older) and the\n[古事記{こじき}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojiki) (circa 712). This has been a\nfeature of the language for basically the entirety of recorded history.\n\n**UPDATE**\n\nTo clarify more about the irrealis or conjunctive uses, this _was_ more of a\nfeature of classical and Old Japanese. か as a 係{かかり}助詞{じょし} (binding particle)\ncould be used at the end of a sentence to:\n\n * follow a noun or a conjugable word in the 連体形{れんたいけい} (attributive form) to indicate a question, doubt, or a rhetorical question.\n * follow a conjugable word in the 已然形{いぜんけい} (realis form, used in modern Japanese in the _-eba_ construction that is analogous to a conjunctive) to indicate a rhetorical question.\n * follow a verb with the ぬ completion auxiliary to indicate a desired possible outcome.\n * After specific particles to indicate a rhetorical, such as のみか, どころか, ばかりか, ことか.\n\nか could also be used within a sentence (not at the end) to:\n\n * follow a noun, tying to the conjugable word at the end of the sentence that must be in 連体形{れんたいけい}, to indicate doubt or a rhetorical question.\n * follow a conjugable word in the 已然形{いぜんけい} (optionally + ば), an adjective stem + み, a conjugable word in the 未然形{みぜんけい} (irrealis) + ば, or other conditional phrase, to indicate a question or doubt.\n\nNote: I'm not personally familiar with these constructions -- this is a\ntranslation of the content given in Shogakukan's 国語{こくご}大辞典{だいじてん}.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T17:38:23.247",
"id": "32771",
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}
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| 32769 | 32771 | 32771 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32778",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 1. 私は[二人]{ふたり}のおにいさんがいる。\n> 2. 私は二人のおにいさんがいます。\n>\n\nI am trying to say \"I have two elder brothers.\"\n\nSomeone told me that I should say \"私には二人兄がいます/いる。\"\n\nI have some doubts: \n1. Why is it 私に but not 私は? \n2. Can't I say \"二人のおにいさん\"? \n3. Actually I do not quite understand why います and いる are both acceptable. Any difference in meaning between them?\n\nI am a beginner of Japanese....",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-09T16:06:05.470",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Is it correct to say 私は二人のお兄さんがいる?",
"view_count": 1328
} | [
{
"body": "1) When speaking of your own brother, you use 「あに」, not 「おにいさん」. The latter is\nwhen speaking about someone else's brother.\n\n2) います・いる is a matter of speaking politely vs. informally. It depends to whom\nyou're speaking, and how you want to come across to them.\n\n3) `Why is it 私に but not 私は?` Refer to [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4440/78) concerning は・が vs. に.\n\nNote that you could also say this as `私には兄が2人いる` (note the swapped position of\n兄 and 2人).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-09T21:04:12.373",
"id": "32776",
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"body": "First of all, we don’t use honorific suffix “さん” when we refer to any member\nof our family in the talk with others. We don’t say\n私のお父さん（お母さん、お爺さん、お婆さん、叔父さん、叔母さん、お兄さん、お姉さん）. We say 私の父（母、祖父、祖母、兄、姉、叔父、叔母）,\nthough I witness some youngsters violating this rule, and calling their mother\nby ‘お母さん’ in their conversation with their friend(s) in the train and coffee\nshops from time to time. Maybe it’s passable in informal conversation among\nyoung people today.\n\nWith the expression – “私は二人のおにいさんがいる,” your friend is right. “私は兄がいる” sounds\nsomewhat awkward, and “私には兄がいる” sounds perfect.\n\nI’m unable to give you a clear reason why. But possible reason would be when\nyou say “私は…いる（ある）,” it presupposes “You are something,” not “You have\nsomething.” Whereas when you say “私には…いる（ある）,” of which literal translation is\n“To (for) me, there is XX,” it’s closer to saying “You have something.”\n\nThough I’m not sure whether you can buy this rational or not, “私は二人のおにいさんがいる”\nis not recommendable whether it’s delivered during an informal or formal\nconversation. .",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-09T22:25:15.140",
"id": "32778",
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| 32770 | 32778 | 32778 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32829",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dbOel.jpg)\n\nHere are the characters that I'm looking for the meanings. I fed Google Image\nwith one of the characters, but non of the results was relative.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4y3IK.png)\n\nBeside, I used Jisho.org project, and the results were not matching.\n\nMay you translate these characters or give me some help to find out them?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T18:05:01.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32772",
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"owner_user_id": "13812",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"handwriting",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "How to find out the meaning of hand-written japanese?",
"view_count": 1610
} | [
{
"body": "If you are using Windows, you can [draw the characters in the IME\nPad](http://users.wfu.edu/yipcw/atg/ime/boxed-input.html).\n\nIt is also possible to find an electronic dictionary that supports drawing\ninput, or Nintendo DS games or dictionaries that allow this same feature.\n\nOne such example is [Kanji Sonomama Rakubiki Jiten\nDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji_Sonomama_Rakubiki_Jiten_DS).\n\nFrom Wikipedia:\n\n> The software allows for the input of kanji symbols via the stylus, and for\n> the lookup of words in English, as well as the two Japanese alphabets\n> (hiragana and katakana), and also provides pronunciation.\n\nAnother option (that I just found by googling) is to use an online service\nthat allows input by drawing. One such example is\n[kanji.sljfaq.org](http://kanji.sljfaq.org/)\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the specific kanji in your image; they are\n[陸上自衛隊{りくじょうじえいたい}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-\nDefense_Force).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T06:26:05.473",
"id": "32829",
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},
{
"body": "It clearly reads 陸上自衛隊、meaning the Ground Self-Defense Force.\n\nThe below character is 自(ji), which can be used in many ways like\n自分、自身、自体－myself,itself, 自慢 - boasting, 自動 ‐ automatic movement, 自信 - self-\nconviction, 自覚 ‐ self-realization, 自白 ー confession, 自殺 - suicide, most of\nwhich refer to one(it)-self, as you know. 衛 (ei in 音読み、mamoru in 訓読み）means to\ndefend. Therefore 自衛 used here means self-defence. In 訓読み, 自 can be reflected\nas おのず or みず（から）。自ずから means \"by itself (it's own)\".、",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T22:22:10.647",
"id": "32838",
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}
]
| 32772 | 32829 | 32829 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a translator from Japanese into Italian and I have translated a long\ntext, it is the scrap of novel and not from the beginning, so it has been very\ndifficult for me to understand. The following are the sentences which I am not\nsure to have properly translated. Could you help me?\n\n> ポンポンと軽く **お手玉してみて** も、爪は消える気配を見せない \n> \"Even if they try to escape easily one after the other, the claws show no\n> sign of disappearing\"\n\nIs the action of お手玉してみて performed by the nails? (爪)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T18:56:10.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32773",
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"owner_user_id": "13567",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Who is the subject in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 328
} | [
{
"body": "お手玉 are small, traditionally handmade beanbags which are utilized as toys by\njuggling them. So making the word into a verb, お手玉する, makes it in reference to\nthe concept of juggling.\n\n> ポンポンと軽くお手玉してみても、爪は消える気配を見せない。\n>\n> Even having tried lightly juggling (something), the nails show no sign of\n> disappearing.\n\nAlthough that sentence seems very strange out of context, I hope it makes\nsense to you? It seems as though there is someone with retractable claws that\nbelieves through the distraction of juggling their claws might retract... but\nthey don't?\n\nThe claws are not what is performing the action in the first clause though, if\nthat helps you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-07T14:06:58.343",
"id": "45325",
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}
]
| 32773 | null | 45325 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32780",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't know if the answer depends on the system used. Information on this is\nwelcome too, but mainly I'm interested in the Hepburn system.\n\nWhen romanizing a kanji compound, how do you decide if you should use a space\nor not? For example, should 女教師 be \"Onnakyoushi\" or \"Onna Kyoushi\"? Should\n生徒会長 be \"Seitokaichou\" or \"Seito Kaichou\" or perhaps even \"Seitokai Chou\"?\nWhat about 沖縄開発庁長官, 銀河鉄道, 銀魂, 修学旅行?\n\nIs there even a correct\\established method, or is it just a matter of\npreference and there are no right or wrong answers?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T19:12:11.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32775",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-09T19:42:22.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "12271",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Romanization of kanji compounds: when are spaces used?",
"view_count": 482
} | [
{
"body": "Romanization conventions are a bit fuzzy. Generally speaking, the practice\nI've seen is to group the romaji based on the breakdown of a longer kanji\nstring into singles or two- or three-kanji compounds, based on the underlying\nsemantics. Some folks might use hyphens to clarify three-kanji compounds.\n\nTo use your examples, I might romanize like:\n\n * 女教師: 女{おんな} here is clearly an independent lexeme, as indicated also by its reading -- _onna_ is _kun'yomi_ , while _kyōshi_ is _on'yomi_. \n→ _onna kyōshi_\n\n * 生徒会長: This is 生徒会{せいとかい} + 長{ちょう}, as in the head (長) of the student's (生徒) association (会) → I've seen various renderings of this kind of structure; subjectively, I think the last one is the least user-friendly. \n→ _seitokai chō_ , _seitokai-chō_ , or _seitokaichō_\n\n * 沖縄開発庁長官: This is composed of three lexemes: 沖縄{おきなわ} + 開発庁{かいはつちょう} + 長官{ちょうかん}. The middle one itself is 開発{かいはつ} + 庁{ちょう}, which could be hyphenated. \n→ _Okinawa Kaihatsu-chō Chōkan_ , or _Okinawa Kaihatsuchō Chōkan_\n\n * 銀河鉄道: Two lexemes: 銀河{ぎんが} + 鉄道{てつどう}. \n→ _Ginga Tetsudō_\n\n * 銀魂: This could be parsed either as two lexemes, 銀{ぎん} ( _on'yomi_ ) + 魂{たま} ( _kun'yomi_ ), or as a single name, 銀魂{ぎんたま}. \n→ _Gin Tama_ , or _Gintama_\n\n * 修学旅行: Two lexemes, as 修学{しゅうがく} + 旅行{りょこう}. \n→ _shūgaku ryokō_\n\nAll that said, if you're looking to romanize the name of an organization or\njob title (such as the 沖縄開発庁長官), google around a bit -- there might already be\nan official romanization in use.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 32775 | 32780 | 32780 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32782",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Take the following sentences. The context is, one girl talks to another after\nhaving been caught examining someone's collection of stuffed animals. (Very\nout of character for the second girl.) The first girl is the only one talking:\n\nThe first sentence is easy, though I don't know the purpose of the squiggly\nline:\n\n> 可愛いでしょ〜\n\nNot, sure why the second is in カタカナ, but I believe it just clarifies the first\nsentence:\n\n> ソレ〜\n\nI'm guessing the の at the end of the third just softens the sentence, but I'm\nnot sure. I also don't know why 飾る is in gerund form, or whether ーてるの is doing\nsomething else entirely. If I had to translate, I would say: \"I will go shop\nand decorate(ing?)\"\n\n> 私が時々買ってきて飾ってるの〜\n\nThe fourth sentence would seem to mean \"Everyone is gathering things as well,\nbut...\"\n\n> みんなが持ち寄ってるものもあるケド・・・\n\nOr maybe the 〜 aren't meant to break up the sentence?\n\n_Edit_\n\nMy questions are:\n\nWhat does the ーてるの construction do?\n\nHow does the gerund work in the example (-ing doesn't seem to fit)?\n\nDoes the last sentence refer to people gathering for something, or gathering\nthings?\n\nWhat is the tilde doing?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-09T21:21:09.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32777",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-10T04:21:20.783",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-10T04:21:20.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"particle-の",
"contractions",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "ーているの construction and use of もの",
"view_count": 677
} | [
{
"body": "「飾ってるの〜」 is a casual colloquialism of 「飾っているのです」.\n\n * ～てる is short for ～ている (progressive form), denoting her habit in this context.\n * Sentence-end の is common in casual girlish speech. Semantically, this is the same as other affirmative expressions like 「～のです」「～のだ」, or questions like 「～のですか」「～のか」, depending on the intonation. \n\n> * そうなの！ That's it!\n> * 食べるの？ Do (I/you/etc) eat this?\n\n * The wavy dash (`～`) at the end is a casual variant of the long vowel marker (`ー`). And the elongation of the last vowel of sentences is a stereotyped(?) feature of cute, girly speech.\n\nみんなが持ち寄ってるものもあるケド… is \"There are also ones (=stuffed animals) others have\nbrought (into my house), though...\"\n\nI'm not sure why katakana are used often in the lines of the second girl,\nsince I don't know her character nor the author's writing style. Sometimes\nkatakana like this represents an unusual accent (for example, robot-like\nspeech, Japanese spoken by foreigners). This is just a guess, but typically a\ntimid girl may speak in this way.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T03:30:21.050",
"id": "32782",
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| 32777 | 32782 | 32782 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32802",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I tried using an anki plugin (<https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/932119536>) to\ndisplay the pitch accent of words I'm learning. Some of the words I tried\nentering showed multiple possibilities for the same word. For example, it\nshows that 二つ rises on た, but may or may not drop on つ. Its the same with 三つ.\n夜間 can either start high and drop after や, or rise on か.\n\nI am looking for the \"officially correct\" accent of Tokyo Japanese. I saw an\nofficial pitch-accent book by NHK somewhere.\n\nSo my question is, do some words really have more than one possible accent? I\nknow the accent can be modified for any word by the situation, emotion, etc.,\nbut will an official pitch-accent dictionary list multiple accents. The plugin\nI used does it automatically (although it claims they originated from NHK) so\nI'm worried there could be errors.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T03:05:08.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32781",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Multiple Pitch Accents",
"view_count": 1659
} | [
{
"body": "I have a copy of the 新明解日本語アクセント辞典 dictionary ([my detailed review of\nit](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2014/08/07/shinmeikai-japanese-accent-\ndictionary/)) somewhere and I remember seeing multiple entries for some of the\nwords.\n\nWhile I have looked up a few words in it and also utilized Japanese electronic\ndictionaries that have audio samples for certain words, overall I've found\nthat I learn more about pitches from paying careful attention when listening\nto things like podcasts and other media. However, if you were literally trying\nto get every one of your words to have correct pitch, I think the above book\ncould come in handy.\n\nWhen you hear a common word you think you might use yourself (i.e. 英語）, you\ncan try and repeat what you just heard, or rewind and re-listen to hear the\nexact pitch pattern used.\n\nIf you are serious about learning Japanese pitch accent, you might want to\nlearn some related rules like how the pitches of certain words change when\nthey are in combination with other words, or how a high accent can affect\nsubsequent word(s). Also, learning the common pitch patterns also helps you\nnarrow down what to hear for (for example, you will never hear high-low-high\nin a word, as far as I know).\n\nAlso, regarding your comment that pitches can change based on emotion - I feel\nthat while there can be a change in emphasis, loudness, or relative pitches,\nthe overall pattern doesn't change that much, even if someone is agitated or\nupset.",
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},
{
"body": "> It shows that 二つ rises on た, but may or may not drop つ. It's the same with\n> 三つ.\n\nIn standard Japanese, ２つ and ３つ are pronounced as [ふたつ]{LHH} and [みっつ]{LHH},\nrising on た and not dropping on つ.\n\nThe pitch after the つ depends on what follows it:\n\n> [ふたつの]{LHHL}～～ \n> [みっつに]{LHHL}なった \n> [ふたつしか]{LHHLL}ない \n> [みっつも]{LHHL}ある \n> [みっつあります]{LHHHHHL} \n> [ふたつください]{LHHHHHL}\n\n* * *\n\n> 夜間 can either start high and drop after や, or rise on か.\n\nAs far as I know, 夜間 is pronounced as [やかん]{HLL} when used by itself or\nfollowed by a particle, e.g:\n\n> [やかんの]{HLLL}がいしゅつ(夜間の外出) \n> [やかん]{HLL}、およびきゅうじつ(夜間、及び休日)\n\nand as [やかん]{LHH} when followed by another noun to form a compound word, e.g:\n\n> [やかん]{LHH}[がっこう]{HLLL}(夜間学校) \n> [やかん]{LHH}[ひこう]{HLL}(夜間飛行)\n\n... and many words with a [XXX]{HLL}... pitch act the same way:\n\n> 家族 -> 「[かぞくで]{HLLL}」 「[かぞくりょこう]{LHHHHLL}(家族旅行)」 \n> 京都 -> 「[きょうとに]{HHLLL}」 「[きょうとほうめん]{LLHHHLLL}(京都方面)」 \n> 音楽 -> 「[おんがくを]{HLLLL}」 「[おんがくかい]{LHHHLL}(音楽会)」 \n> 義務 -> 「[ぎむだ]{HLL}」 「[ぎむきょういく]{LHHHLLL}(義務教育)\n\n* * *\n\n> Do some words really have more than one possible accent?\n\nYes, for example:\n\n> 熊 -> [くま]{HL} / [くま]{LH} \n> 鏡 -> [かがみ]{LHH} / [かがみ]{LHL} \n> 心 -> [こころ]{LHL} / [こころ]{LHH}\n\nI'm sure there should be more.\n\n* * *\n\n> will an official pitch-accent dictionary list multiple accents.\n\nI believe it does, since they're discussing which alternative accents they\nshould be listing in the revised edition: [『NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典』改訂\n調査結果にもとづく作業方針の検討](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/research/report/2011_03/110309.pdf)\n\n> I saw an official pitch-accent book by NHK somewhere.\n\n[Here](http://www.amazon.co.jp/NHK%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BA%E9%9F%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8-%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88-NHK%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80/dp/4140111127)\nit is. And for more learning resources, check [this\nthread](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/756/resources-for-\nlearning-japanese/1496#1496).",
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| 32781 | 32802 | 32802 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32785",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the situation in a manga which includes the word.\n\n> A: ジョー どないしよう？ みんながおきたら... みんなが目をさましはったら...\n>\n> B: **ばっきゃろ** ！ さっきからなにをワナワナふるえてやがるんだっ。\n\nI'm not sure if it is the same word as 「ばかやろ」.\n\n**Extra question:** Is there any hidden meaning for the intention of changing\nthe 「わなわな」 into Katakana form?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T05:59:02.850",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「ばっきゃろ」mean?",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "ばっきゃろ is the change way of saying of 馬鹿{ばか}野郎{やろう}. It means same as 馬鹿野郎.\n\nI think there isn't hidden meaning for the intention of changing the 「わなわな」\ninto katakana but I guess the writer may accent the sentence by using katakana\nbecause it is all written in hiragana except ワナワナ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 32784 | 32785 | 32785 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 友達でいたいと考えた。\n\nWhat do you guys make of this でいたい structure?\n\nI have never come across it before.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T09:14:03.187",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Unknown grammar: でいたい structure",
"view_count": 613
} | [
{
"body": "Maybe you will understand it better split up: `友達` + `で` + `いたい`\n\nNow `いたい` is referring to `居たい`, which you could interpret as meaning `to\nexist`. So, a rough translation would be `Want to exist (居たい)` + `as (で)` +\n`friend (友達)`.\n\nA better translation while also adding the `と考えた` part would be:\n\n> I thought about staying as friends.\n\nI could see someone saying this after they break up with their partner and\nthey thought about still hanging out with them, but just as friends instead of\nlovers.\n\nThe `で居たい` form is pretty common though so I would recommend remembering it.\n\nFor example,\n\n> いつも笑顔でいたい ⇒ I always want to stay smiling\n>\n> 私は独身でいたい ⇒ I always want to stay single\n\nI would add the `always` in English because when using `居たい` it does not refer\nto a temporary thing.",
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| 32787 | null | 32795 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32798",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「……む、なんか匂う。この **甘酸っぱくて雨上がり** 、給料日に隠したまま思い出せなくなった一万円のような気配は、間違いなく秘密の匂い」\n\nMy TL: Something smells. This swith smell after the rain. A presence like a\n10000 yen bill you hid on paycheck day and became unable to recall it. I am\ncertain, the smell of a secret.\n\nShouldn't it be\n\n雨上がりの甘酸っぱい.....\n\nOr am I wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T09:51:10.133",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Continuative てform of adjective and noun",
"view_count": 258
} | [
{
"body": "The basic structure is comprised of 気配 modified with three modifiers of (1)\nこの, (2) 甘酸っぱい and (3) 雨上がり、給料日に…思い出せなくなった一万円のような.\n\n甘酸っぱい is enough as it is, but it's interfered with another clause and somehow\nchanged to the te form.\n\nIt may look strange that 雨上がり is used adverbially here, but using に would feel\nclumsy since there's another に as in 給料日に. In addition, analogy to adverbs\nthat represent time kind of makes it sound natural.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 32788 | 32798 | 32798 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32806",
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"body": "Is [主]{おも}に one of 副詞 that can modify 体言? It seems to be used this way often,\nlike:\n\n> 1. 与るとは [主]{おも}に目上から、好意の表れとしてあることを受ける。\n>\n> 2. アメリカでは **主** に経済学を学んだ. In America, he studied mainly economics.\n>\n>\n\n(random dictionary examples)\n\nBut it's not on [this](http://www.weblio.jp/parts-of-\nspeech/%E5%89%AF%E8%A9%9E%28%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%29_1) list (主として is though), is\nit still a 程度の副詞?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T10:20:39.527",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Can 主に modify a 体言?",
"view_count": 332
} | [
{
"body": "主に is an adverb which indicate dimension like mainly, mostly.\n\nDictionaries explain 主に means 主として,大部分,ほとんど.\n\nI think adverbs modify only verbs and adjective at first but there are some\nadverbs which modify nouns and adverb.\n\n主に can modify noun like your example, 主に modify 経済学(noun) and 学んだ(verb) in\nアメリカでは主に経済学を学んだ.\n\nAnd もっと can modify adverb like もっと modify ゆっくり(adverb) in もっとゆっくり話せ.\n\nIn addition, there are some dimension verbs which modify both noun and verb at\na time like 少し. For example. 少し in 彼は少し右に動いた modify 右(noun) and 動いた(verb) like\n少し右に and 少し動いた.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T18:33:26.017",
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"body": "In short: **no, 主に can't modify 体言{たいげん} directly.** More detail:\n\n## 主{おも}に and 用言{ようげん}\n\n主{おも}に is a 副詞 (adverb), and thus it modifies 用言{ようげん} (verbs and adjectives).\n\nIn your example, it might look like 主に is modifying a noun, since the very\nnext word is a noun: アメリカでは **主に** **経済学** を学んだ。 However, the 主に, as an\nadverb, is actually modifying the verb at the end: アメリカでは **主に** 経済学を **学んだ**\n。 The sentence states that someone _studied_ , and it qualifies that action by\nalso stating the this person _**mainly** studied_ economics.\n\n## 主{おも}な and 体言{たいげん}\n\nThere is a usage of 主{おも} that can modify a 体言 directly: it also takes な, much\nlike any other _-na_ adjective. So we could say アメリカでは **主な学問** は経済学でした。 →\n_\"In America, (my? the?) **main study subject** was economics.\"_",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T21:22:59.893",
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| 32789 | 32806 | 32811 |
{
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"body": "I don't know what is the meaning of 言っちゃえば.\n\nThe sentence is the following:\n\n> 言っちゃえばこれがダンジョンでの直接の稼ぎになる\n>\n> \"That is, this will become a direct gain coming from the dungeon.\"\n\nIs it correct the meaning \"that is\"?\n\nThe other problem is \"地面を蹴っていた\" The sentence is the following:\n\n> そいつの目とこちらの目があった時, 既に僕は地面を蹴っていた\n>\n> “When we found ourselves face to face, I already had my feet on the ground.”\n\nIs the correct interpretation the his feet were already on the ground in that\nmoment?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T10:34:12.530",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 言っちゃえば mean? And what does 地面を蹴っていた mean?",
"view_count": 1281
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{
"body": "言っちゃえば is a colloquial form of 言ってしまえば ([see\nthis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30442/5010) if you are unsure). And\n～ちゃえば/～てしまえば in this context is \"If I dare ～.\" It implies the following fact\n(これが直接の稼ぎになる) is something he doesn't want to say too openly.\n\nUsing \"That is, ...\" is not bad, but I think \"Frankly, ...\" or \"As a matter of\nfact, ...\" would be a bit better.\n\n地面を蹴る is an idiomatic phrase meaning \"to jump\" or \"to start to dash\".",
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| 32790 | null | 32804 |
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"body": "I have problems with two grammar constructions that I don't know. \nThe first is ほどしかない and the following is the sentence:\n\n> 手の爪ほどしかない小ささで、僕が確かめた限り、1〜4階層のモンスターから出てくるのはみんなこんなものだ\n>\n> It is not larger nail of one hand and as far as I have verified the same,\n> are all this as those that come out from 1 to 4 classes of monsters.\n\n“ほどしかない小ささ” does it mean “as small as”?\n\nThe second grammar construction is 行かないといけないから and the following is the\nsentence:\n\n> 最初に仕留めた二匹のところにも行かないといけないから、呆けている時間はないんだった\n>\n> I first had to go where there were two killed and I was completely absorbed\n> by it, because there was no time\n\nDoes this grammar construction “行かないといけないから” mean “must go?”",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T10:40:59.330",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What do ほどしかない and 行かないといけないから mean?",
"view_count": 623
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{
"body": "> 手の爪ほどしかない小ささで、僕が確かめた限り、1〜4階層のモンスターから出てくるのはみんなこんなものだ。 \n> It's just about the size of a fingernail, and as far as I have checked, the\n> ones (items?) that come from the monsters in Layers 1-4 are all like this.\n\n * ～ほど: about ～\n * ～しかない: only, as small as\n\nA more literal translation of 手の爪ほどしかない would be \"only _about_ the size of a\nfingernail\", but \"as small as a fingernail\" is perhaps fine, too.\n\n> 最初に仕留めた二匹のところにも行かないといけないから、呆けている時間はないんだった。 \n> I have to go to the place of the two (monsters(?)) I hunted first, so there\n> is no time to idle.\n\nYou seem to be having trouble with the basic usage of ～から. `AだからB` means \"B\nbecause A\" or \"A, therefore/so B.\"\n\n行かないといけない means, yes, \"have to go,\" and it's a very common pattern. See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25707/5010).\n\nAnd this た at the end of the sentence does _not_ represent past tense, but\nindicates he has just realized the fact (\"there is no time\"). (See ④ in [this\narticle](http://blog.livedoor.jp/veritedesu/archives/1919303.html))",
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| 32791 | null | 32805 |
{
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"body": "In the following sentence I am not sure if the subject is 始末したコボルト or not. I\nguess it is the subject and not the group in which is plunged searching for\nshelter. Is it correct?\n\n> 始末したコボルトを盾にするように群へと突っ込み、二匹のコボルトを巻き込んで地面に倒れ込む\n>\n> “The goblin of which I got rid throws himself into the group in search of\n> shelter and collapses to the ground, dragging with him two goblins.”\n\nThis is the other sentence with a problem for me:\n\n> 今、四匹目を腹をかっさばいて残るは二\n>\n> “Now, I break the fourth belly and remain two.”\n\nIf my interpretation is correct, why is 二 not followed by the 匹 classifier?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T10:49:36.183",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters",
"particle-を",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Tracing subject sentence and missing classifier",
"view_count": 107
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{
"body": "を is an **_object_** marker, of course! The subject of this sentence is\nsomeone who killed the goblin, which is omitted and not shown in this excerpt.\nAssuming the omitted subject as \"I\"...\n\n> 始末したコボルトを盾にするように群へと突っ込み、二匹のコボルトを巻き込んで地面に倒れ込む。 \n> I rushed into the crowd (as if I were) using the goblins I killed as a\n> shield, and collapsed on the ground dragging two goblins.\n\n * ～を盾にする = \"use ～ as a shield\". In general, `AをBにする` can mean \"use A as B\", \"turn A into B\", \"make A B\" etc. See ２㋒ in [this entry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/120514/meaning/m0u/))\n * ように = as if\n\n> If my interpration is correct, why 二 is not followed by the 匹 classifier?\n\nThe second counter is simply omitted because there's no need to repeat it\nagain.",
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| 32792 | null | 32807 |
{
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"body": "In this sentence I have a problem of interpretation:\n\n> 本来なら魔石やドロップアイテムは『サポーター』と呼ばれる非戦闘員が回収して確保してくれるんだけど、\n> 『ヘスティア・ファミリア』の構成員は僕一人だけだから以下略\n>\n> “To be precise, the non-combatant who collects me and provides me the magic\n> stones and released objects is called \"support\", but, being the only member\n> of Hestia family [ ... ]”\n\nFor me it is not clear if the subject is talking about non-combatants in\ngeneral or if he is talking about a specific non-combatant.\n\nI think that he is referring to a specific one for two reasons: the first\nreason is because there is 本来なら (normally) and this is why I translated: \"the\nnon-combatant who collects...\" and the second reason is because before the\ntext there was this sentence:\n\n> 魔石の欠片を腰巾着、【コボルトの爪】を背にしょっている黒色のバックパックに放り込む。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T11:13:44.437",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is this sentence about specific people, or a certain type of people in general?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "魔石の欠片を腰巾着、【コボルトの爪】を背にしょっている黒色のバックパックに放り込む。 \nI (pick up and) throw magic stones into my drawstring waist bag, and コボルトの爪\ninto my black backpack on my shoulders.\n\n本来なら魔石やドロップアイテムは『サポーター』と呼ばれる非戦闘員が回収して確保してくれるんだけど、 \nUnder normal circumstances (i.e. in other/normal Familias), magic stones and\ndropped items are (supposed to be) collected by non-combatants called\n\"supporters\", but...\n\n『ヘスティア. ファミリア』の構成員は僕一人だけだから \nI am the only member of \"Hestia Familia\", so...\n\n以下略 \nThe rest is omitted. (<- We have no supporters, so I have to collect the\ndropped items all by myself.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T15:50:19.690",
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| 32793 | null | 32799 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been learning Japanese for a few years now but I still haven't fully\ngrasped the ways そうです is used in conversation.\n\nWhat I'm concerned with are the following expressions:\n\n 1. そうです/そうなんです\n 2. そうですか/そうなんですか\n 3. そうですね/そうなんですね\n 4. そうかな\n\nI haven't found a thread that fully addresses what each of these mean/how they\nare different to each other etc.\n\nIf anyone could give me a hand I'd appreciate it so much!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T11:20:44.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32794",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "そうです expressions",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "なん is, of course, a short for なの, and in the above examples does no more than\nstrengthen the assertion of the speaker.\n(<http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%AE>)\n\n 1. Both mean \"that's right\" or \"that's correct\". \n\n 2. Both mean \"is that right?\" or \"is that correct?\". But I'd say that depending on the tone in which they are spoken, they could both include either relief or disbelief (or even acceptance of what the speaker knew was going to happen, but that's a bit melodramatic) in whatever triggered their being spoken in the first place. Note that my only source for this is anime and games, and the way the characters in them decide to express themselves.\n\n 3. Both mean \"that's right, isn't it?\" (\"isn't it?\" being rhetoric of course). Depending on how they are said, they could mean \"I guess so(.../!)\" with a trace of, again, relief or disbelief.\n\n 4. \"I wonder if that's correct/true...\" <http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T13:41:07.423",
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]
| 32794 | null | 32797 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32803",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Taken from a game of \"Alice In Wonderland\" as you might guess:\n\n> 「 **信じられない事に** チョッキを着た白ウサギが懐中時計を見ながら走ってゆく **ではありませんか！** 」\n\nI guess this is sort of a fairy tale language right? I fail to see how I\nshould combine the three parts, or what is the point of the third part\n「～ありませんか」, how does it alter the sentence further than the first part?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T16:00:35.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the following build 「信じられない事に～～ではありませんか」?",
"view_count": 257
} | [
{
"body": "The first part in question, \"信じられない事に” means something like \"As an\nunbelievable thing\". You can also say things like \"面白いことに” (As an interesting\nthing...)\n\nThe \"ではありませんか” is the same thing as \"じゃないか” and is used in a way close to it's\nliterally meaning \"Isn't it...\"\n\n> 「信じられない事にチョッキを着た白ウサギが懐中時計を見ながら走ってゆくではありませんか！」\n\nSo my rough translation of your line would be as follows:\n\n> \"Oh my! Isn't that a white rabbit wearing a vest, running as he checks his\n> pocket watch?\"\n\nIn my translation, I've translated \"信じられないことに\" as \"Oh my!\" to fit the feeling\nof Alice in Wonderland.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T17:50:01.347",
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| 32800 | 32803 | 32803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know there's a past topic with this question already, but honestly I\ncouldn't understand the explanation very well.\n\nThank you very much for the input and time.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T19:54:45.553",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between 増やす and 増加する?",
"view_count": 1211
} | [
{
"body": "The meanings are mostly identical. The one main difference is that 増{ふ}やす is\nexplicitly 他動詞{たどうし} (transitive), whereas 増加する could be either 他動詞{たどうし}\n(transitive) or 自動詞{じどうし} (intransitive) depending on context. The\nintransitive version of 増{ふ}やす is 増{ふ}える.\n\nPast there, there are some differences in connotations and register, which are\ninherent to the distinction between _kun'yomi_ words and _on'yomi_ words.\nThere was a recent post about this subject that you might find informative:\n\n_[Difference between onyomi words and kunyomi\nwords](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32582/)_",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-10T21:29:53.130",
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{
"body": "First, I must say they have grammatical difference. 増やす is a _transitive_ verb\nwhile 増加する is _intransitive_. Dictionaries may say it's transitive too, but\nI'm fully confident that the usage is already out of use. So synonyms are 増やす\n/ 増加させる and 増える / 増加する.\n\nIn meaning, they both mean increase in numeral value/amount, but have\ndifference in (aside from formality) that when used with objects, 増加する treats\nthem as if they're collective, thus doesn't match with something you count one\nby one.\n\n> ○ 固定客が増加する \n> ?? 常連客が増加する \n> ○ 常連客が増える \n> ○ 常連客の数が増加する\n\nIn these examples, 固定客 and 常連客 both mean \"steady customer\", but the latter\ntypically indicates those go so frequently that become some sort of\nacquaintances, in this case it's very difficult to use 増加.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-11T11:13:02.183",
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| 32808 | null | 32812 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Okay, those three make me very confused. To my understanding だいぶ is used when\nit´s more than what you expected. 大体 should be more or less, but then where\ncomes 大部分? And is 大体 a lesser percentage than ほとんど?\n\nThank you very much for your help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T20:00:33.277",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What exactly are the differences between 大体, だいぶ and 大部分",
"view_count": 2201
} | [
{
"body": "だいぶ means \"rather\"and it is used as adjective and adverb.\n\n大体、ほとんど means \"almost\" and they are used as noun and adverb.\n\n大部分 means \"for the most part\" and \"mostly\", it is used as noun but sometimes\nused adverbially.\n\nYou choose these adverbs according to the situation.\n\nFor example, 私は図書館の本をだいぶ借りた(I rather borrowed books of a library).\n\n私は図書館の本を大体(ほとんど)借りた(I almost borrowed books of a library).\n\n私は図書館の本を大部分借りた(I mostly borrowed books of a library).\n\n大体、ほとんど, 大部分 mean almost same.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-12T11:38:05.963",
"id": "32852",
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{
"body": "* **だいぶ（大分）** \nAn adverb meaning \"becoming more advanced (= grown, progressed, lapsed\naway...) than before\", or if lacks the starting point it means \"...than you/I\nexpect\", or simply \"considerably\". It doesn't tell anything about percentage.\n\nSynonyms are 相当, かなり, ずいぶん etc.\n\n> 白髪が（○だいぶ／×大体／×大部分）増えてきた。\n\n * **だいたい（大体）** \nAn adverb but sometimes used noun-like, \"almost all/complete\", \"almost every\ntime/aspect\" or \"overall\". You're right about \"more or less\" as in \"more or\nless finished\".\n\nThe difference with **ほとんど** is that:\n\n * ほとんど is slightly closer to perfect in amount (I think)\n * だいたい lacks the use of \"almost _something_ \" \n\n> 彼は（○ほとんど／×だいたい）英雄だ。\n\n * ほとんど qualifying a noun means \"nearly _noun_ \" while だいたい is \"approximately _noun_ \" \n\n> 70%ということは（×ほとんど／○だいたい）3分の1だ。\n\nSynonyms are おおむね, あらかた etc.\n\n> 私は（×だいぶ／○だいたい／×大部分）いつも居間にいる。\n\n * **大部分** \nAs you read, \"(for) the great(est) part\"; mostly noun, but also adverb. You\ncan use this word only for something whose percentage is clear rather than\nsubjective impression, and must tell \"part of _what_ (noun)\" (and conversely,\nthe other two are not going well with \"of something\").\n\n> 彼女は人生の（×だいぶ／×だいたい／○大部分）を芸能界で過ごした。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-13T08:15:29.110",
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| 32809 | null | 32877 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both 失恋する and 振る mean to be rejected. But then are they exactly the same\nthing? What are the nuances between those two words?\n\nThank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T20:06:08.887",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 失恋する and 振る?",
"view_count": 591
} | [
{
"body": "## 振{ふ}る\n\nAs istrasci noted in the comments, 振る (in relation to romance) means _\"to\nreject\"_. In physical terms, it literally means \" _to shake\"_ or _\"to wave\"_ ,\nand the romantic meanings could thus be understood as similar to the English\nphrasing _\"to shake or wave someone off\"_ → _\"to get rid of someone, to reject\nsomeone\"_.\n\n## 失恋{しつれん}する\n\nLooking at this second term, the individual kanji mean _\"to lose\"_ + _\"love\n(especially passionate or carnal love)\"_. ~~Idiomatically, it's more like _\"to\nlose **in** love\"_, as in, _\"to love someone but not get anywhere with them\"_\n→ with connotations of either _unrequited love_ , or _rejected love_.~~\n\nI've struck out text above due to a misapprehension on my part, due in part to\nmisleading reference materials. After chatting some with native speakers\n[here](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/28199910#28199910) and\nearlier, and also offline, it turns out the meaning of 失恋する is much closer to\nthe literal spelling: forget about _\"unrequited love\"_ , a better English\ngloss would be **_\"to become broken-hearted\"_**.\n\n## Comparison\n\n振る then is what the rejecter does, while 失恋する is what the person in love with\nthe rejecter does.\n\nAn example (albeit somewhat forced):\n\n> あの子は彼を **振った** ので、彼は **失恋した** 。 \n> Because that girl **turned** him **down** , he **became broken-hearted**.\n\nNote the _\"became\"_ : the Japanese term refers to the **change of state** from\nin love to broken-hearted. I've changed the usage example above accordingly.\nUsing a -ている form with 失恋する implies that a person is getting their heart\nbroken multiple times, and _not_ that they are in an ongoing state of broken-\nheartedness.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T00:04:20.810",
"id": "32822",
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{
"body": "失恋する is opposite to 振る. 失恋する literally means “lose love,” i.e. being rejected\nby someone whom he or she loves. While 振る means “to reject” a romantic\nproposal from someone who loves him or her. Its passive form is (彼女に) 振られる.\n“失恋する” and “振られる” are almost similar in meaning, with the latter having a\nstronger nuance of getting an outright elbow.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T01:50:19.407",
"id": "32823",
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| 32810 | null | 32822 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my dictionaries and on the Internet, the only meaning I found for ギョグ was\n\"fishing gear\", but in the context of the text I have been translating it does\nnot make sense. The context is: two monsters and a boy fell to the ground.\n\n> ガ ガア!?\n>\n> Thud, Thuud!!\n>\n> ふっ!\n>\n> Shoom!\n>\n> ギョグ!?\n>\n> Fishing gear!?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T22:05:29.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32813",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-11T01:35:11.620",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13567",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does ギョグ mean?",
"view_count": 432
} | [
{
"body": "It, as well as ガア, shoud be just a screech of that monster. ギョグ is not common,\nbut there is no rule on how imaginary monsters should cry.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T23:35:23.937",
"id": "32821",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-10T23:35:23.937",
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}
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| 32813 | null | 32821 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found the construction 筈はなくて and by helping me with the context, I suppose\nto have properly translated but I am not sure.\n\n> このバックパックは特殊な製法でできていて、見た目の大きさよりずっと多くのアイテムが収納できる魔法の袋…とまぁ、そんな都合のいいものの筈はなくて、 \n> This backpack has been done in a special way, it is a magical bag that you\n> can put many more items than what appears to be possible to put in it ...\n> but it does not turn to my advantage!\n>\n> 生地の限界がくれば溢れるし破れる。 \n> If it is filled beyond its limits, things come out and break.\n>\n> 勿論重さも健在だ。 \n> Of course, the important thing is that I am alive and well.\n>\n> 夢のような便利なアイテムはないんだよね。 \n> Yeah, is not an object of your dreams, it is not easy to handle!\n\nIs it correct my interpretation of そんな都合のいいものの筈はなくて?\n\nI think that the subject is denying the fact that the backpack is convenient.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T22:11:46.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32814",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-11T02:05:00.390",
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"owner_user_id": "13567",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Does 筈はなくて grammar construction have a negative connotation?",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "The key here is the idea that the backpack is unusual, nearly magical, in how\nmuch it can contain despite its apparent small size. The finishing phrase:\n\n> そんな都合のいいものの筈はなくて\n\n筈{はず} in this context refers to the speaker's _expectation_. The なくて here is a\nconjugation of ない _\"not\"_ , so yes, this has a negative connotation. Much as\nin English advertisements, this full phrase could be translated as _\"there's\n**no way** this could be so good!\"_\n\nAnother more prosaic example of 筈 usage (usually written in kana) in a\npositive context might be あの手紙はもう届いた **はず** だ。 → _\"The **expectation** is that\nthat letter has already been delivered.\"_ (literally) → _\"I'm **pretty sure**\nthat letter has been delivered by now.\"_ (more idiomatically)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T23:23:04.293",
"id": "32818",
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}
]
| 32814 | null | 32818 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32817",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The title of [a story on NHK News Web\nEasy](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010409381000/k10010409381000.html) is\n\n> バスの事故{じこ} スピードを上{あ}げながら走{はし}り続{つづ}けた **か**\n\nWhich, with my abilities, translates as\n\n> Bus accident. As speed increased it kept running?\n\nI don't understand why that か is there at the end of the sentence though. Is\nthe title of the story actually a question? Or does this signify something\nelse? Frankly I'm not even sure my translation is correct. It seems an odd\nthing to say, since a speed increase would seem to imply that of course the\nbus kept running. If the bus wasn't running, the speed would go down,\ngenerally speaking.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T22:35:05.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32815",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T00:59:47.397",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T00:59:47.397",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13577",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-か",
"modality"
],
"title": "か at the end of a news story title. Is it a question?",
"view_count": 268
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, this か marks a question. An alternative translation might help clarify:\n\n> Bus accident: did [the driver / the bus] keep accelerating?\n\nThis is clearly the question the police are asking in the article -- the bus\nwas coming down a roughly 1km (probably steep) downhill grade, and at the time\nof the accident, the bus was moving at 96kph, nearly double to 50kph speed\nlimit.\n\n**Translation note:** The bit スピードを上げながら走り続けた literally breaks down as\n_\"continued running while increasing the speed\"_. This is idiomatic as\nJapanese, but not as English -- the underlying meaning is _continued\naccelerating_ , since the _driving_ or _running_ part is clear in the English,\nand explicitly stating it sounds odd: one cannot make a vehicle accelerate\nwithout driving.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T23:13:29.760",
"id": "32817",
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}
]
| 32815 | 32817 | 32817 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is _chan_ a feminine or masculine suffix?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T23:11:39.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32816",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-10T23:30:37.417",
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"owner_user_id": "13827",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"suffixes",
"gender"
],
"title": "What does the Japanese diminutive suffix \"chan\" indicate?",
"view_count": 2115
} | [
{
"body": "The suffix _-chan_ is not inherently gendered (Japanese has no grammatical\ngender), but by the quality of the diminutive, it is primarily used by and for\nfemales.\n\nFor example, _-chan_ is often used as a suffix for girls' names, where for\nboys' names the corresponding suffix would be _-kun_.\n\nThe suffix is used, much like the diminutive, to \"cutify\" people (e.g. for\nchildren, 涼ちゃん Ryō-chan [girl's name]), animals (e.g. わんちゃん \"doggy\"), and\nsometimes even objects (e.g. あめちゃん \"little\" candy).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T23:29:38.747",
"id": "32819",
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{
"body": "You've noticed that there are masculine and feminine endings, which is a good\nstart. There is also a **diminutive** ending: ちゃん{chan}. Diminutives indicate\nsomething small or cute.\n\nちゃん{chan} is most often used when referring to children, or other people or\nanimals for whom a diminutive makes sense -- such as someone's cute dog, or\nHello Kitty, or a pop culture personality who makes their living by being cute\nand plucky. Since cuteness of this sort is more frequently attributed to women\nin Japanese culture, you'll encounter more uses of ちゃん to refer to adult women\nthan to adult men. But when it's used to refer to children, especially young\nchildren, the gender of the child is less of an issue.\n\nI'm not used to seeing this used to refer to anything inanimate -- this is the\nsame as for the usual personal suffix さん{san}, or the polite personal suffix\nさま{sama}.\n\nIf you're interested in the origins of this ちゃん suffix, see:\n\n_[Origins of -ちゃん](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/16149/)_\n\n**Addendum**\n\nThe Wandering Coder kindly reminded me of family situations where ちゃん is used\nregardless of age or gender:\n\n * お姉{ねえ}さん → お姉{ねえ}ちゃん ( _\"sis\"_ )\n * お兄{にい}さん → お兄{にい}ちゃん (I can't think of a good diminutive English analog; for older speakers, more likely to be used by a sister than a brother)\n * お母{かあ}さん → お母{かあ}ちゃん ( _\"mommy\"_ )\n * お父{とう}さん → お父{とう}ちゃん ( _\"daddy\"_ )\n * おばあさん → おばあちゃん ( _\"granny\"_ )\n * おじいさん → おじいちゃん ( _\"grampa\"_ )",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-10T23:32:45.393",
"id": "32820",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 32816 | null | 32819 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that けど is a colloquial form of けれども and that is used to connect two\nsentences with the meaning of \"but, although\" but in the following sentence I\ncannot understand its usage.\n\n> 僕達のホームにあった”魔石灯”がいい例だ **けど**\n> 、”魔石”はヒューマンの技術で加工することで色々な方面―発火装置だとか、食糧を保存する冷凍器とか―に活用できるから、貴重な資源扱いになっている\n\nThe following sentence is my translation:\n\n> The \"magic stone\" is used as a valuable resource, because it can be used in\n> different fields, such as in incendiary devices, in the freezers to store\n> the food of first necessity and a good example is the \"light at the magic\n> stone\" that we had at our home.\n\nIn this sentence is it used with a different nuance?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T02:15:58.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32824",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-24T15:10:56.397",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-24T15:10:56.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "13567",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "けど usage in ”魔石灯”がいい例だけど、”魔石”は…",
"view_count": 1063
} | [
{
"body": "This is an example of another important role of けど, けれど, が, だが, ですが, etc: to\nprovide introductory, background information (前置き) before dealing with the\nmain issue (本題). Any monolingual dictionary explains this usage.\n\n[From デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/68969/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> ２ **ある事実を前置きとして述べ、本題に結びつける**\n> 意を表す。「経験から言うんだ―、時間には厳しいほうがいい」「これおもしろい本だ―、君読まないか」\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 今日は日曜日だけど、どこに行きたい？ It's Sunday, (so) where do you want to go?\n> * この前の話だけど、覚えてる？ Do you remember it, what we discussed the other day?\n> * 去年日本に行ったんだけど、楽しかったよ。 I visited Japan last year, and it was fun.\n>\n\nSome of these can be safely translated using _but_ (eg 失礼ですけど = \"Excuse me but\n...\"). In your case, you can simply translate it as if it were two separate\nsentences: \"... is a good example. The magic stone is used as ...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T05:00:19.300",
"id": "32826",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-02-09T17:17:24.350",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
]
| 32824 | null | 32826 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know I have to start the sentence with 「最近」for \"lately\" but I don't know\nwhat to say for the rest of the sentence. Could someone help me with this?\n\nDoes it go like 「最近私は面倒くさい人です。」?\n\nAlso,\n\n * I want to speak in a formal way. (I want to apologize to my senior)\n * I am a girl.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T04:19:04.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32825",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-02T05:58:30.133",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-02T05:58:30.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "13833",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How do you say, \"I have been an annoying person lately.\"?",
"view_count": 1978
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with Naruto's comment that saying \"I have been an annoying person\nlately\" in a formal setting to someone like a boss seems a bit strange.\nHowever, if there is a situation where the speaker is on very good (close)\nterms with the boss/teacher person, then it may be possible to say a phrase\nlike this, but only if it in the context of apologizing or explaining for\nreason for that behavior.\n\nAssuming that, here is my guess at a Japanese phrase to express what you want.\n\n```\n\n 私は最近、周りの人に迷惑をかけていると思いますが、。。。\n \n```\n\nThis literally means something like \"Lately, think I have been being a burden\nto those around me, but ...\"\n\nThe sentence could continue with something like \"これからは” (going forward) to\nexplain how that person is going to change.\n\nAnother word that could be used to be mean \"annoying\" is \"うざい” but this is a\npretty rough word I have only heard in familiar conversation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T12:45:34.777",
"id": "32831",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-11T12:45:34.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "I think a problem with your question is that it comes from a very Westernized\ncultural point of view. I don't know the exact situation with your senior, but\nJapanese people don't like to publicly speak openly about negative feelings\nand blame, so more often they thank people. Therefore personally I would say\nsomething like,\n\n> 最近はいつも助けてくれて本当にありがとうございます。\n\nThank you so much for always saving/helping me recently.\n\nOf course, as I don't know your situation this might not be true, it depends\non why you've been annoying and your relationship with them. You can always\nchange the verb to something more appropriate.\n\nAs to the translation you made, I think if you said this to most Japanese\npeople you would make them feel uncomfortable (a big no-no in Japanese\nsociety). This is because you are saying very negative things about yourself\nand they would feel the need to tell you not to worry, etc, so it sounds like\nyou are fishing for compliments. Further, you are not directing your nuisance\ntowards someone, but giving yourself a general negative trait (lit: I am an\nannoying person).\n\nThe phrase for being a nuisance to someone in Japanese is 迷惑をかける, so you could\nuse this in te form with an apology. However, culturally Japanese people\nexpect actions to make amends, so I would definitely follow it up with some\nsort of plan on how you won't be a nuisance in the future (これから...頑張ります。). If\nyour senior is really Japanese though, you would probably want to stick with\nthe first idea of thanking them.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-04-01T06:33:21.530",
"id": "33287",
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| 32825 | null | 32831 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32828",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been wondering about the different usage for USO in Japanese.\n\nRecently I bumped in this little text:\n\n> 多分いつも以上に **誰向** けだか分からない内容になってます 自分の好きなものに **ウソ** をついてはいけない松野で！\n\nMy only issue here is with 誰向 and ウソ.\n\nAs for the first one I know the meaning of both Kanji, it's just I can't make\nup what they mean together.\n\nAs for USO usually it would be something about \"false\" information but well\nI'm not too sure here either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T05:22:06.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32827",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-11T09:17:56.003",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-11T09:17:56.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13834",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "What is the meaning ウソ & 誰向 in this sentence",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "The key to understanding the fist part is to know what 送り仮名 are part of the\nverb and not. In this case, け is part of the word.\n\n> 誰向け\n>\n> to whom\n\nfrom\n[goo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/214895/meaning/m0u/%E5%90%91%E3%81%91/)\n\n> む・ける【向ける】\n>\n> １ その方向に正面が位置するようにする。ある方向を向かせる。「視線を―・ける」「背を―・ける」「マイクを―・ける」「怒りを他人に―・ける」\n\n* * *\n\n> ウソ\n>\n> lie\n\nThe word ウソ is normally used together with つく to mean the verb \"lie\".\n\nfrom\n[goo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/18986/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BD/)\n\n> うそ【×嘘】\n>\n> １ 事実でないこと。また、人をだますために言う、事実とは違う言葉。偽 (いつわ) り。「―をつく」「この話に―はない」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T05:31:27.987",
"id": "32828",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11830",
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}
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| 32827 | 32828 | 32828 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In English in order to describe a Lego brick which has dimensions or 2 pegs by\n4 pegs, we could say \"2 x 4\" and pronounce this \"2 by 4\". How is this\nexpressed in Japanese?\n\nI have seen \"2 x 4\" written on a Japanese lego site, but would this be\npronounced \"二 カケル ヨン\"?\n\nI assume this is similar to how one would describe a matrix in Japanese (like\nin English), but if anyone knows any specific lego terms let me know.\n\nAlso, to describe a brick with those dimensions would \"2 x 4\" be sufficient,\nor is it better to say \"2 x 4 (の)ブリック\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T13:01:37.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32832",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T10:52:53.373",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-12T07:29:34.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"readings",
"symbols"
],
"title": "Describing lego brick dimensions in Japanese",
"view_count": 607
} | [
{
"body": "I believe dimensions are read as:\n\n> A対{たい}B\n\nSame as in mathematics when you have a ratio such as:\n\n> A:B\n\nAlso, bricks are commonly called blocks in Japanese.\n\n> レゴブロック",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T13:06:34.537",
"id": "32833",
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{
"body": "I'd say\n\n> ニ カケル ヨン の レゴブロック\n\nthough I never had a chance to describe the dimension of a LEGO brick in\nJapanese. I didn't order them some 27 yrs ago, my parents did :-)\n\nMost Japanese don't understand what is a \"brick.\" LEGO bricks are known as\nレゴブロック [LEGO _block_ ], or simply レゴ, in Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-13T10:52:53.373",
"id": "32882",
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| 32832 | null | 32882 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In the sentence: 昨日いっぱい寝たから今日は元気いっぱいです。\n\nI want to ask about the placement of いっぱい. I want to know if it is ok to say\nいっぱい元気, instead of the other way around?\n\nIs there a general rule to the placement of these modifiers?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T15:53:46.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32834",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T08:42:15.833",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "placement of the adjective/adverb いっぱい",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "I think いっぱい元気です is unnatural. いっぱい and たくさん as an adverb isn't usually for\n元気です but とても is usually used for it.\n\nIt is easy to understand to put an adverb right before the word which is\nmodified and it is important that you use adverbs befitted for words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T16:44:12.680",
"id": "32835",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-11T16:51:52.257",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-11T16:51:52.257",
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},
{
"body": "いっぱい元気 is ungrammatical. On the other hand, すごい元気 is colloquial but perfectly\nnatural, just like \"I'm super fine\" (is \"super\" here an adverb??)\n\nI think 元気一杯（いっぱい）should be understood as 元気で一杯 (lit. [I am] full of\npower/cheerfulness.)\n\nI think most dictionaries explain 一杯 as \"full of\" or \"a lot of\". It's less\nvague than すごい which is \"super\" \"great\" or \"awesome.\" So it isn't acceptable\nto use it as an adverb.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-12T08:42:15.833",
"id": "32846",
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| 32834 | null | 32835 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32880",
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"body": "What is a natural way or ways to ask about what project(s) or work someone is\ndoing lately at a job? In English I'd say:\n\n> So what project have you been working on lately?\n>\n> So what have you been working on lately?\n\nI am not sure if these translate well literally or there is some other\nexpression I should use.\n\n> 最近、どんなプロジェクトをしていますか？\n>\n> 最近、何の仕事をしていますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T19:00:13.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32836",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T10:45:37.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Natural way to ask what project/work someone has been doing lately",
"view_count": 235
} | [
{
"body": "You can just say something like:\n\n> 最近仕事は何をしてる？\n>\n> 最近仕事の調子はどう？\n\nYou can of course modify it to be as polite as you want. Those are the two\nmost common expressions I hear from my Japanese friends when we talk. Really,\nI hear this like all the time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T20:59:43.393",
"id": "32837",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-11T20:59:43.393",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "> 最近、何の仕事をしていますか\n\n_might_ sound as if you have no idea on his recent job, a shoemaker or a\npreacher. Of course that shouldn't cause any confusions in a real world, but\nsomeone like me may find it a good opportunity to crack a joke, \"C'mon, did\nanybody tell you I was fired? Hell no! I'm still working at XYZ Corp!\"\n\nI prefer\n\n> 最近、どんなプロジェクトをしていますか\n\nbecause it's both natural and the least ambiguous. But wait... プロジェクトをしている\nmight slightly sound unnatural. Its more casual form\n\n> 最近、どんなプロジェクトをやってるんですか？\n\nis perfectly OK, but for some reason, プロジェクトをしています is not perfect. Perhaps\nbecause, verbs like \"する\" \"やる\" are not genuinely polite, so their polite forms\ndon't perfectly make sense. Well, I guess 90% of native Japanese speakers just\naccept either ways :-)",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 32836 | 32880 | 32837 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32840",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the [前回の僕街 series](http://bokumachi-anime.com/special/zenkainobokumachi/),\nwe see sketches drawn by the director of the 僕だけがいない街 anime that are generally\nhumorous rewrites of a scene in the previous episode.\n\n\n\nIn the ninth sketch (image above), we see Satoru chasing after the car in the\nforeground after Kayo is taken away to protective custody with her\ngrandmother.\n\nI can read the first two phrases, but the last one is hard to read:\n\n> Kayo's grandmother: あの子、まだ走ってるよ \n> Kayo: 先生、スピード上げて \n> Yashiro-sensei: (ネラーイ)?\n\nIs this right? Even then, what does it mean? I can't seem to make sense of 狙い\nin this context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-11T23:56:20.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32839",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-02T18:51:23.190",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-02T18:51:23.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "6783",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Deciphering handwritten phrase and its meaning",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "That's not ネ, that's オー. See, there's a single vertical line all the way\nthrough it, and the ー looks like a ー.\n\nFluent readers use context in reading, and can often read words even if a\nlet_er is missing. The more words you learn, the more your brain will be able\nto match patterns accurately, regardless of how they're written. In this case,\nif you know the colloquial borrowing オーライ 'all right', then you should be able\nto recognize オーラーイ♪ here as being the same word with emphatic lengthening.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T00:25:07.713",
"id": "32840",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 32839 | 32840 | 32840 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please can somebody tell me how tsukerarete is being used in this sentence?\n\n最近は誰かに **つけられてる** 様な気もしてきた",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T03:38:37.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32841",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-12T23:43:01.373",
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"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "13839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Use of Tsukerarete in this sentence",
"view_count": 169
} | [
{
"body": "つける can mean a detective or a maniac/stalker is following someone on the\nstreet. つけられる is its passive form. So,\n\n> 最近は誰かにつけられてる様な気もしてきた\n\ncan translate to\n\n> I'm even suspecting someone might be following me on the street\n\nFYI, in a racing (marathon, horse race, F1 race or even election race) つける can\nmean someone is right behind someone else.\n\n> [総合3番手にタナクがつけている。](http://as-web.jp/news/info.php?c_id=3&no=68950)\n\n(Tänak is the third place finisher (at the moment.))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T07:21:38.147",
"id": "32845",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T07:30:33.567",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-12T07:30:33.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "13840",
"owner_user_id": "13840",
"parent_id": "32841",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32841 | null | 32845 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32851",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I searched for the meaning of 処分{しょぶん} in `dictionary.goo.ne.jp` and I come up\nwith this:\n\n> 取り扱いを決めて物事の決まりをつけること。...\n\nto me, it seem like \"handling things\" but I can't put above sentence into\nplain English.\n\nremark, these are what I believe to be meaning of words in above sentence from\nJim Breen's WWWJDIC\n\n> 取り扱い :(n) treatment; service; handling; management;\n>\n> 決める : (v1,vt) (1) to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind;\n> to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to\n> appoint; to fix;\n>\n> つける (v1,vt) to turn on; to switch on; to light up; KD",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T04:01:09.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32842",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-24T13:51:09.527",
"last_edit_date": "2016-11-24T13:51:09.527",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "6844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of \"取り扱いを決めて物事の決まりをつけること。\"",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "I translated 取り扱いを決めて物事の決まりをつけること as \"to decide the treatment for the thing\nand to determine the way for the thing\" but this sentence is circumlocutory.\nAnd つける in 決まりをつける doesn't mean \"to switch on\" but \"get determined\".\n\nWhen 処分 is used for persons, it means punishment like 彼は規則を破ったために処分を受けた(He\nreceived punishment for breaking a rule).\n\nWhen 処分 is used for material goods, it means \"to get rid\" like \"discard\" and\n\"sell out\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T10:45:30.477",
"id": "32851",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T07:03:00.133",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32842",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32842 | 32851 | 32851 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32844",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Google Translate, outdoorsy shows up as: アウトドア好きの. I know this means 'likes\noutdoors'. I wonder if I can write XXXはアウトドア好きの人です。Meaning XXX is an outdoorsy\nperson.\n\nMy first instinct is usually not to completely trust Google Translate and\ndouble check it with other sources but at this point I can't find any other\nsites providing a translation of this.\n\nMy Japanese is rather bad, so any other suggestions of different sentence\nstructures, etc. are welcome.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T05:19:12.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32843",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T03:48:18.893",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-13T03:48:18.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "11061",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to say 'an outdoorsy person' in Japanese",
"view_count": 747
} | [
{
"body": "> アウトドア好きの\n\nsurely sounds like a translation from English :-) though it isn't unnatural at\nall.\n\nGiven that \"outdoorsy\" is not a traditional English word, I'd say\n\n> 洋介はアウトドア派です / アウトドア派の人です\n\n(lit. Yosuke belongs to the outdoor-clan / is someone from the outdoor-clan.)\nI think it conveys a nuance that he _prefers_ going outdoors _to_ reading or\nwatching movies at home.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T07:06:57.767",
"id": "32844",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T09:13:18.390",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-12T09:13:18.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13840",
"parent_id": "32843",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 32843 | 32844 | 32844 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32853",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The context is simple, in a speech, I am talking about how I grew up with\nJapan on my mind.\n\nI am familiar with `について` and `と思います`, yet i am not entirely sure about the\nusage here. In English, I'd say the following:\n\n> I grew up\n>\n> I am thinking about Japan\n\nThe Japanese translation of the two would be:\n\n> 私は育ちました\n>\n> 私は日本のことを思っています\n\nCorrect? Now what grammar is used to connect the two?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T10:05:31.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32850",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"I grew up thinking about X\"?",
"view_count": 1166
} | [
{
"body": "If you connect the two sentence like 私は育ちました and 私は日本のことを思っています, you can say\n私は日本のことを(いつも or 常に)思いながら育ちました.\n\nYou can use \"～ながら\", it means \"with\" and \"while\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T11:51:00.730",
"id": "32853",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T12:04:12.513",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-12T12:04:12.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32850",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 32850 | 32853 | 32853 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I am trying to translate the sentence \"Are you still waiting for me?\" and I\nhave translated it to \"僕にとってまだ待っているのか?\". Would this be a natural sentence or\nis it possible to make the sentence shorter?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T12:47:38.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32854",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T03:56:31.730",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-13T03:56:31.730",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13842",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"still waiting for me\"?",
"view_count": 1648
} | [
{
"body": "待つ is a transitive verb, meaning that you can use it with an object. を marks\nobjects of action, so it would be correct to say 僕を待つ to mean \"wait for me\".\nThere are probably a trillion ways to say what you want, but this I think\nwould be the straightforward choice:\n\n> まだ僕を待っているのか\n\nYou can of course just shorten it to \"[are you] still waiting?\" まだ待っているのか",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T13:06:53.060",
"id": "32855",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T13:06:53.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11176",
"parent_id": "32854",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32854 | null | 32855 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32866",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The following sentence was written by a Japanese.\n\n> 最近のお気に入りケーキ 毎日食べてたい\n\nIs 食べてたい just a typo, or is it a short form of something, like 食べておきたい or\n食べていただきたい?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T13:46:41.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32856",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T06:18:28.600",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-12T21:42:51.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"contractions",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Is 食べてたい correct?",
"view_count": 851
} | [
{
"body": "As noted in [the comment by strawberry\njam](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32856/is-%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%81%A6%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84-correct#comment-66173),\nthis is most likely a contraction of 食べていたい _\"want to be eating\"_ , the\ndesiderative (wanting) form of 食べている _\"to be eating\"_. In informal speech, it\nisn't uncommon for the い in various -ている forms to be contracted out: 行ってます,\n話してた, 読んでる, etc.\n\nThe contracted form of -ておく is -とく, where the て + お becomes と. Conjugated\nvariations include 積んどいて, 置いといた, 片付けときます, etc. The IME on my Mac recognizes\nthese -ている and -ておく contractions, and I think I remember that the IME under\nWindows does too.\n\nI'm not aware of any contracted forms for -ていただく (though I suspect such forms\nprobably exist, perhaps in dialect).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T21:42:34.720",
"id": "32863",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T06:18:28.600",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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},
{
"body": "“食べてたい” is a colloquial and contracted form of - ”食べていたい - I want to keep\neating.”\n\nLikewise, “寝てたい – I want to stay in bed,” “起きてたい ‐ I want to stay up (all\nnight),” and “(一晩中)喋ってたい - I want to keep chatting (all night)” are used in\nplace of “寝ていたい,” “起きていたい,” and “喋っていたい.”\n\n“…てたい” is colloquially spoken by both young and older people today, but to me\nit sounds like a childish turn of phrase. I don’t recommend you use this\nexpression in the written form or in formal occasions.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T22:37:32.067",
"id": "32866",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T03:28:47.447",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-13T03:28:47.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32856",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32856 | 32866 | 32866 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32859",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that I can use で here to mean by/with but wouldn't it be more proper to\nuse を since よごす is a transitive verb?\n\n> しんぐもつちぼこりでよごしてしまいました。\n\nAny help would be appreciated. Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T13:57:12.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32858",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T14:11:40.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Why で instead of を in しんぐもつちぼこりでよごしてしまいました。",
"view_count": 68
} | [
{
"body": "汚す｛よごす｝ is indeed a transitive verb, but 土埃｛つちぼこり｝ is not the direct object of\naction here. When you use 汚す, you can specify a direct object(marked with を)\nand you can also specify the thing that dirtied that object. You can specify\nthat with で. That means, that 寝具｛しんぐ｝ is the thing that got dirty, and it was\ndirtied by 土埃. Another example:\n\n手を血で汚す - dirty hands with blood",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T14:11:40.520",
"id": "32859",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T14:11:40.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11176",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32858 | 32859 | 32859 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How is 百にも足らぬ used here?\n\n>\n> 「算え｛かぞえ｝十九の若さで御供頭の大役を仰せつかるとは、冥加｛みょうが｝な話よのう」背戸｛せど｝の畑から戻ってきた叔父は、野良着のまま囲炉裏端に座りこむと、まるきり他人事のように言った。\n>\n> 「お言葉ではございますが叔父上、冥加と申されるのもいかがなものかと」\n>\n> 一路｛いちろ｝は憮然として抗った。武士だか百姓だかもわからぬ叔父は、 **百にも足らぬ**\n> 御家来衆の典型である。しかし頼りになる親類がほかにいないのでは仕様がなかった。\n\nIs it 取るに足らない,\n[成句](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%B3%E3%82%89%E3%81%AC) sense\n\nOr 百（の数）にも足らない（達しない）, literal sense?\n\nOr something else that I'm missing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T18:13:29.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32860",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-17T02:08:14.073",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"auxiliary-ず"
],
"title": "How is 百にも足らぬ used here?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "足{た}る in the phrases you mention refers to _\"being enough, being sufficient\n(to do something, to be something)\"_. 取るに足らない could be understood literally as\n_\"insufficient\"_ (足らない) _\"to / for taking\"_ (取るに) → by extension, _\"not worth\npicking up → not worth the bother, insignificant\"_. Meanwhile, 百にも足らぬ would be\n_\"insufficient\"_ (足らぬ) _\"to / for even a hundred\"_ (百にも) → _\"not even a\nhundred, not quite a hundred\"_ : as you note, 数に達しない in the literal sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T22:18:01.643",
"id": "32865",
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}
]
| 32860 | null | 32865 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32862",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, what is the difference between the following two sentences?\n\n> 私はメアリーとトムに会った事実を知っている。 \n> 私はメアリーとトムに会った事実を知っています。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T19:05:28.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32861",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-12T19:57:45.043",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-12T19:37:37.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "13761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ている and ています?",
"view_count": 596
} | [
{
"body": "I'm guessing that you learnt 知っています first? This is the polite way of talking\nabout 'knowing'. 知っている is the 'plain form' that you would use when talking to\npeople you know well. In non-past tense these verb forms are those you will\nfind in a dictionary.\n\nいる (plain/dictionary form) --> います (polite form).\n\nAlthough, now I think about it, if you are comfortable with 会った then maybe you\nlearnt the plain forms first? To make the polite form you change the final\nvowel sound from う to い and add ます.\n\nかく -> かきます\n\nよむ -> よみます\n\nHowever if the final sound end in いる or える then the る is simply replaced with\nます\n\nたべる -> たべます\n\nいる -> います\n\nNote that there are quite a few exceptions to this latter rule that you will\nhave to learn as you come across them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-12T19:46:00.823",
"id": "32862",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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}
]
| 32861 | 32862 | 32862 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If the answer to the question, \"What is in the pocket?\" is \"Nothing is in the\npocket.\" is the topic marker が needed after \"Nothing\" (i.e., \"なにもが ...\" or\njust \"なにも ...\")?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T01:06:08.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32867",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-13T08:40:18.520",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-13T08:40:18.520",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13848",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-を",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Use of particles for なにも in response to the question \"What is in something?\"",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "\"なにも\" Should suffice as a response, but of course this would heavily rely on\nthe context and flow of the conversation. You could play it safer by saying\n\"なにもない\" which is a little more foolproof and natural sounding. Perhaps が could\nbe used in this more grammatically complete sense \"なにもがない\". Keep in mind how\npolite you wish to speak ^^\n\nI Hope this has answered your question. I know this is more of a comment, but\nI do not have enough rep to just comment. Sorry",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "You'd say なにもない. なにもがない is incorrect.\n\nThe particle も replaces the subject particle が, as in:\n\n * 「なに **が** ある？ 」-- 「なに **も** ない。」 (×「なにもがない。」) \n\n * 「なに **が** ありますか？ 」-- 「なに **も** ありません。」 (×「なにもがありません。」) \n\n * 「[誰]{だれ} **が** いますか？」(Who's there?) -- 「誰 **も** いません。」(No one's there.) (×「誰もがいません。」) \n\n * cf. りんご **が** あります。 / りんご **も** あります。(×りんごもが～)",
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| 32867 | null | 32876 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32875",
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"body": "How do I say 'X movies' in Japanese? By this I mean a movie about X, not X\nmade that movie. An example to illustrate what I mean is:\n\n> There are a lot of **Steve Jobs movies**\n\nIt is clear that Steve Jobs himself did not make the movies. How I thought to\nphrase this would be スティーブ・ジョブズの映画。But doesn't this mean 'Steve Jobs' movies',\nindicating Steve Jobs is in possession of the movie?",
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"tags": [
"words",
"usage",
"particle-の",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How to say \"X movies\" that are movies about X",
"view_count": 2276
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{
"body": "> _But doesn't this mean 'Steve Jobs' movies', indicating Steve Jobs is in\n> possession of the movie?_\n\nIt could, because the Japanese `[noun]の[work]` can casually denote every kind\nof association between the noun and work (but I think \"[noun] movies\" is\nhighly ambiguous, too).\n\n村上春樹の小説 is likely to be \"a novel _by_ Haruki Murakami\", but 涼宮ハルヒの小説 must be\n\"a novel _featuring_ [Haruhi\nSuzumiya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Haruhi_Suzumiya_light_novels)\",\nand 米澤嘉博の漫画 should be \"manga _owned by_ [Yoshihiro\nYonezawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshihiro_Yonezawa)\". How about\n村上春樹の映画? Maybe he made, performed, became the subject, or provided the\noriginal work. (Only the last thing is what he really did, as far as I know.)\n\nIf you want to tell \"movies about Steve Jobs\" without misunderstanding, you\ncan have some workarounds:\n\n> スティーブ・ジョブズについての映画 \n> スティーブ・ジョブズに関する映画 \n> スティーブ・ジョブズを扱った映画 \n> スティーブ・ジョブズを撮った映画 (if filmed while he was living) \n> etc.\n\nBy the by, if you want to categorize them as a \"Steve Jobs movies\" genre, you\ncan say:\n\n> スティーブ・ジョブズもの（の映画）",
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| 32868 | 32875 | 32875 |
{
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"body": "「僕がついてればいいんですけど。いそがしいもんでね。」 はどういう意味ですか? 「ついてればいい」は辞書を調べてもまだよく分かりません。T。T",
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"tags": [
"conditionals",
"contractions"
],
"title": "「僕がついてればいいんですけど。いそがしいもんでね。」はどういう意味ですか？",
"view_count": 215
} | [
{
"body": "> 僕がついてればいいんですけど。いそがしいもんでね。\n\nついてれば is a contracted form of ついて **い** れば. (dropping い)\n\nThe ついて (dictionary form [付]{つ}く) here means \"to accompany~\", \"to be with~\".\n\n「～ていればいい」, consisting of the te-form verb + いれ(仮定形 of subsidiary verb 居る) +\nば(conjunctive particle) + いい(良い), means \"It's good if ~~\" \"It'd be better if\n~~\" or \"I wish ~~ could ~~\", etc.\n\n> I wish I could be with you. (But I can't) because I'm busy, you know.",
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| 32869 | null | 32874 |
{
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"body": "「電車が空く【すく】」と「電車が空く【あく】」はどう違いますか？ \n説明が難しい場合は、例文を教えていただけませんか。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"readings"
],
"title": "「電車が空く【すく】」 と「 電車が空く【あく】」",
"view_count": 1614
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{
"body": "すく： ◯◯◯◯◯◯ → ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯\n\nあく： ◯◯◯◯◯◯◯ → ◯◯◯ ◯◯◯\n\n「電車がすく」は乗客が少なくなることで、「電車があく」は貸し切り車両が占有されていない状態になること、または、満員だった指定席のいずれかが占有されていない状態になることです。\n\nedit: I have to admit 電車があく is only possible in highly unusual situations,\nplease check nodakai's answer.",
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"body": "I cannot think of any practical uses of 電車が[空]{あ}く.\n\n電車が[空]{す}く means, as passengers get off, the train gets more and more\nspacious. Probably it's more commonly used as\n\n> この電車は[空]{す}いている \n> Not many passengers are on this train.\n\nNote about [空]{あ}く: it is more commonly used for an individual seat, as in\n\n> この席は[空]{あ}いてますか？ \n> Is this seat available?",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-13T09:46:18.637",
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"body": "I guess 「電車が[空]{あ}く」 is a abbreviated expression of 「電車(の席)が[空]{あ}く」.\n\n> The opposite phrase of 「電車が[空]{す}く」 is 「電車が[混]{こ}む」. \n> The opposite phrase of 「電車(の席)が[空]{あ}く」 is 「電車(の席)が[埋]{う}まる」.\n\nThough, I think we use 電車が埋まる rarely.\n\n全体(entire) ： [空]{す}く⇔[混]{こ}む \n個別(individual)： [空]{あ}く⇔[埋]{う}まる \n \nAnd, in the case of the concept of space, 空く⇔ふさがる\n\n> 駅のホームが[空]{す}いている⇔駅のホームが[混]{こ}んでいる \n> 駅のベンチが[空]{あ}いている⇔駅のベンチが[埋]{う}まっている \n> 駅のトイレが[空]{あ}いている⇔駅のトイレがふさがっている \n>\n\n> おなかが[空]{す}く …hungry \n> [空車]{くうしゃ}([空]{あ}いている[車]{くるま})…an empty car \n>",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-20T08:26:02.683",
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"body": "I personally agree with the answer of Nodaki-san.\n\nHowever, for complimentary' sake, I would like to add my opinion by answering.\n\nMight not the questioner, 「電車が空｛あ｝く」 be confused with 「電車が空｛す｝く」 or\n「電車が開｛あ｝く」？\n\nWhile the former, I try to point to the 空｛あ｝く, **[空｛あ｝く means something gets\nempty or the space will be created at certain\nplaces,](http://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E7%A9%BA%E3%81%8F)**\n\nas you can see in the link, if you might try to mean, **「電車が空｛す｝く」,** then you\nwill get the meaning, as you find there,\n\n> たいてい電車はその駅｛えき｝ですく（空｛す｝く）\n>\n> Usually the trains get emptier once they reach that station.\n\nWhile if you miht have tried to mean,\n**[「開｛あ｝く」，](http://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8F)** , as you can see\nin the link, and considering in English case, the verb must've been conceived\nas the intransitive, you would get the meaning of\n\nfor example, borrowing the dictionary's example,\n\n> 店は10時に開｛あ｝く\n>\n> The store opens at ten.\n\nSo, we could also say in the above meaning here, should your case be that\nthen,\n\nyou might have tried to mean\n\n> The train ( which was closed ( perhaps due to the maintenance or something )\n> till then )), finally \"opens\" ( opened. )",
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"body": "“電車が[空]{す}く” means the train is not jammed and the seats are available, but\nI’m puzzled with the expression “電車が[空]{あ}く”.\n\nWhen we say “部屋が[空]{あ}く,” it means the room is empty (for rent or stay), but\nthe train itself (not seats) can not be \"empty\" when it’s in use.\n\nWe say “(電車の)席が[空]{あ}く- the seat is unoccupied,” and “電車のドアが[開]{あ}く – the\ndoors of trains open,” but I’ve never heard “電車が[空]{あ}く.”",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-20T21:56:56.860",
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| 32870 | null | 32878 |
{
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"body": "A girl asks her mother why she can't keep a catalogue and is told:\n\n> 「明日の午後に私もお歳暮を買いに行くから、 **それの参考にするの** っ。」 \n> I'm going to buy the year end presents tomorrow afternoon, so I'll use that\n> (catalogue) as a reference.\n\nHow should I parse the part in bold? Why is it not それ **が** 参考にするの\n\nI'm familiar with the idea of replacing が with の in relative clauses to move\nthe emphasis away from the thing marked by が. But, the only way I can make a\nrelative clause is if the の at the end of the sentence is something other than\nthe explanatory の, which seems unlikely. What am I failing to understand?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Changing が to の outside of relative clauses",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "I think Aは(が)Bを参考にする is translated as A consult(refer to) B like 私はこの本を参考にした(\nI referred to this book).\n\nI think AはCをBの参考にする is translated as \"A refer to C for B\" like\n私は、この絵を、私の絵の参考にする( I refer to this picture for my picture).",
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| 32881 | 32885 | 32885 |
{
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"body": "Does _fukushuu suru_ mean \"to review\" or \"to revise\"? Which meaning may be\ncloser to actual usage?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-13T12:47:44.850",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Does \"fukushuu suru\" mean \"review\" or \"revise\"?",
"view_count": 4185
} | [
{
"body": "[from\ngoo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/89503/meaning/m0u/%E5%BE%A9%E7%BF%92/)\n\n> １ 教えられたことを繰り返し練習すること。復習。さらえ。「書き取りのお―」\n\nIt means [review](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/review).\n\n> to go over (lessons, studies, work, etc.) in review.\n\nIt also means revise, if you are going by the [British English\ndefinition](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/revise?s=t).\n\n> British. to review (previously studied materials) in preparation for an\n> examination.\n\n* * *\n\n[from\ngoo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/191698/meaning/m0u/%E5%BE%A9%E8%AE%90/)\n\nIt can also mean \"(exact) revenge\", but it uses different kanji.\n\n> ［名］(スル)かたきうちをする。仕返しをする。報復。「―する機会を待つ」",
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"body": "As an addendum to Amani's post, it looks like this _fukushū_ reading has four\npossible spellings and three meanings -- three spellings with verb senses, and\none proper noun:\n\n * [復習](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BE%A9%E7%BF%92): to review, to go back over something, to study it again\n * [復讐](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BE%A9%E8%AE%90)・[復讎](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BE%A9%E8%AE%8E) (second spelling less common): to exact revenge, to wreak vengeance upon someone, to avenge a wrong\n * [福州](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E): [Fuzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzhou), the capital of Fujian province in China",
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| 32883 | 32884 | 32884 |
{
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"body": "So I'm working through Makino and Tsutsui's _Dictionary of Advanced Japanese\nGrammar_ , and I came across this sentence:\n\n> ソウルにいるのも今夜きりです。 \n> This is my last night left in Seoul.\n\nThe entry is about teaching きり, which I understand just fine. What I can't\nwork out is how も is being used here. 'Being in Seoul'も'This is the last\nnight'. I can't see how this can mean 'even' or 'also' or any other definition\nI've looked at. I was thinking it must be a typo for もう, which would make\nsense.",
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"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Odd use of も has me stumped 「ソウルにいるのも今夜きりです」",
"view_count": 2269
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{
"body": "This is a bit challenging to translate into English. It doesn't really mean\n\"this is also my last night in Seoul\" (as opposed to something else that might\nbe his/her last night in Seoul), but rather \"'being in Seoul' also comes to an\nend (for me) tonight\".\n\nWhat the other thing also coming to an end tonight is, is a mystery without\ncontext.\n\nTry the following:\n\n> 朴さんに会えるのは今夜きりです。\n>\n> ソウルにいるのも今夜きりです。\n\nThe other possibility, which deviates slightly from the other answers, is that\nthere _is_ something else that comes to an end tonight (as there are an\nindefinite number of possibilities), but nothing specific has to be mentioned\nin the context.\n\nConsider the following translation for the same phrase:\n\n> Among other things, being in Seoul comes to an end for me tonight.\n\nJust as in English, \"among other things\" can be omitted and essentially keep\nthe meaning unchanged.\n\n* * *\n\nIt might help to grasp the meaning by replacing the \"も\" with \"は\" or \"が\". Then\nit's just a nominalized verb \"いる\" being described.",
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"body": "While も typically does indicate the presence of something else in the sense of\n\"also\", I believe sometimes it is used in a more general sense such that there\nis nothing to really compare against.\n\nA found a description in the\n[dictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/17168/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%82/)\nto back this up:\n\n> (3) 夜もふけてきた \n> ... \n> ...また、例文(3)のように同類の事柄が特定できない場合もある... \n> ...[Also, as in example sentence #3 there are cases where the similar\n> matter cannot be identified]\n\n(English translation above is my own)\n\nI have seen this usage in other expressions such as ”幸いにも” and ”というのも”.\n\nAlso, in certain cases も seems like it can be used to emphasize something,\nsuch as \"百年も前”, where there is no sense of \"also\".\n\nI'm pretty sure the usage of も in the poster's question applies in one of\nthese categories, such that there is no feeling of \"also\" and possibly some\nlevel of emphasis.",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I listed up several examples that I can use ‘も.’ in the sentence, but I cannot\nthink up how I should incorporate the nuance of ‘も’ into English.\n\nEven if I omit ‘も,’ from the following examples, you can understand or guess\nwhat I mean, but they sound sometimes awkward without “も.”\n\n> 冗談も程々に - Refrain from joking.\n>\n> 今にも雨が降り出しそうだ - It’s going to start raining right now.\n>\n> 雨も上がった。さあ出かけよう - It stopped raining. Now let's go out.\n>\n> 桜も今週いっぱいだ - Full bloom of cherries will end by this weekend.\n>\n> 試験も終わった。これで羽を伸ばせる - The exam is over. Now I can fully go on the loose.\n>\n> ローマも見[納]{おさ}めだ - This is the last time I see Rome.\n>\n> 君との付き合いもこれで終わりだ - (All done.) I have to break off our relationship.\n>\n> 明日にもここを発たねばならない - I have to leave here tomorrow.\n>\n> いかにもあなたの[仰]{おっしゃ}るとおりです - True, you are exactly right.\n>\n> 100万円も使い道がない - Though I have ¥1 million, I don’t find the right way to use\n> it.\n\nAmong the above examples, there's no problem to replace 冗談も with 冗談は, 桜も with\n桜は, 試験も with 試験は, ローマも with ローマは, 君との付き合いも with 君との付き合いは, 明日にも with 明日には, and\nthere wouldn't be much difference in meaning between two different ways of\nsaying.\n\nAs I’m not a grammarian, I’m unable to explain logically what the functions\nand definition of “も” are. I’m sure somebody else can. But it seems to me “も“\nis used to emphasize the preceding noun, adverb, i.e., words such as\n冗談、今、雨、桜、試験、ローマ、付き合い、明日、いかに、and 100万円, like say, \"this very\" in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T22:50:14.287",
"id": "32904",
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},
{
"body": "This is what 庭三郎 calls the 「詠嘆のモ」, \"the exclamation も\".\n\n> その他に、「詠嘆のモ」と言われる用法があります。\n>\n> 巨人も弱くなったねえ。\n>\n> この場合、他にも弱くなったチームがあって（例えば阪神）、それと同じよ うに、というわけではありません。たんにそのＮについて、述語が表す内容が\n> 起こったことを（軽く）詠嘆的に述べているだけです。\n>\n> 俺も年をとったなあ。\n>\n> あんたも馬鹿だねえ。\n>\n> 秋もようやく深まって、・・・\n\n<http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/18fukujosi.html>\n\nThe nuance here is something like \"This is my last night in Seoul\" (and I'm\nemotional about that).\n\nThis is a bit confusing because it basically means the も particle has a usage\nthat is completely opposite of what you've thought it means since you started\nlearning Japanese. A good way to tell this usage of も apart is if the \"also\"\nmeaning doesn't seem to make sense in context. Amateur translators will often\nforce an \"also\" into their translation when faced with this unfamiliar usage\nbecause they feel uncomfortable interpreting noun + も as meaning anything\nother than \"also\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T05:41:52.927",
"id": "32975",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T05:41:52.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9118",
"parent_id": "32886",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 32886 | null | 32904 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32889",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It's daylight savings time day (Spring equinox) and we all lost an hour. How\nwould I casually express that this day is going by too quickly?\n\nSomething like:\n\nこの日の時間は早すぎています。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T19:40:24.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32887",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T23:52:54.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage"
],
"title": "How to say \"This day is going by too quickly\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 2384
} | [
{
"body": "We usually say ”日が短い” or \"日が経{た}つのが早い\"、and add \"です\" or \"ですね\" in conversation.\nYou may also add \"この頃{ごろ}は - these days\" to before \"”日が短い” and \"日が経{た}つのが早い.\"\n\nThough ”日が短い” refers to phisical shortness of the length of a day, and\n\"日が経{た}つのが早い\" rather connotes your feeling of the quick passage of time, both\nphrases are often used in the greeting in our conversation.\n\nこの日の時間は早すぎています sounds awkward and illogical because a day can't be short only\non a single day around this time of the year.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T21:36:07.723",
"id": "32889",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T23:52:54.030",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "We commonly say もうこんな時間だ (だ can be replaced with か or omitted) which roughly\ntranslates to \"Alas, it's already [unspecified] o'clock!\"\n\nIt might be a bit strange to say it when you have no means to check the time.\n\nWhy not\n\n> もう夕方だ \n> It's already evening.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T18:52:59.670",
"id": "32918",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T18:52:59.670",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13840",
"parent_id": "32887",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32887 | 32889 | 32889 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32890",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I often encounter phrases like this in anime & manga, but from what I\nunderstand they are quite common in real life too. A girl asks a boy \"do you\nlike/love me? no? so then you hate me?\". To me this sounds very strange. In\nRussian, and I believe in English as well, saying \"I don't love you\" means\njust that, and doesn't at all imply hatred. Does it work differently in\nJapanese? Does 好きじゃない in this case really imply hatred/despise/antipathy? If\nthat's the case, what's a better phrase to use to avoid hurting the other\nperson's feelings?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T20:54:48.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32888",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T03:59:52.170",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-13T22:30:41.363",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"negation"
],
"title": "嫌い in \"私のことを好きか嫌いか\", etc",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "Being passive-aggressive in complicated situations is part of their culture.\nIf you ask someone if they loved you, they could simply answer no. If you,\nhowever, ask them if they hated you, you will rarely hear yes.\n\n好きじゃない can imply that you hate the person, because 好き mostly means like, not\nlove. There are several options how you can deal with the situation.\n\nYour safest bet is \"I like you as a friend.\"\n\n> [友達]{ともだち}としては好きです。\n\nThis implies that you'd still like to remain friends. If that's not the case,\nyou can just say sorry.\n\n> すいません..\n\nSaying sorry is the most useful phrase that can get you out of most situations\nin Japan. This way you won't even have to finish the sentence.\n\n> ちょっと考えさせて\n\n\"Give me some time to think about it\" already implies that you are going to\nsay no, but the other person has more time to prepare him or herself for the\nfinal decision.\n\nThere's a fourth way, while I don't recommend using it, I've had Japanese\npeople did this to me. You can say yes, go away on the first opportunity you\nget, and just ignore the person. This way you won't see the person getting\nhurt, but they will probably take it worse than a straight-up refusal.\n\nWhichever option you take, you can make the other person feel a slightly\nbetter, and say that you are happy that they think so dearly of you.\n\n> あなたがそのように私の事を思っていてくれて、私はとても嬉しいです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T22:20:53.530",
"id": "32890",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T03:59:52.170",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-14T03:59:52.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"parent_id": "32888",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32888 | 32890 | 32890 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32894",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My friend heard this in an anime. I can understand 複雑な波長パターン or something\nalong these lines, but just 複雑な波長? Like, you wouldn't say \"complex mass\" or\n\"complex speed\", right? (unless maybe complex numbers are involved but that's\nanother thing) Does \"complex wavelength\" make more sense in Japanese? I get\nthat they wanted to say that the wavelength is difficult to analyze, but is it\na correct way to say that?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T22:30:51.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32891",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T00:43:26.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"adjectives",
"parsing",
"compounds"
],
"title": "Is it correct to say 複雑な波長?",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "Though it's premature to say anything without knowing the full context of the\ngiven phrase, I think I can surmise the nuance of 複雑な波長 in terms of emotional\nexpression.\n\nWe often say \"彼（or 彼ら）と僕（or 僕ら）は波長が違う\" to mean I (we) disagree with him (them)\nin the way of thinking, feeling, and opinion. Thus I take 複雑な波長 as a complex\npattern of thinking, feeling, character, behavior, or opinion.\n\nI don't know whether 複雑な波長 is appropriate or not in physical expression.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T01:12:49.577",
"id": "32893",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-14T04:06:59.997",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In this sentence, 複雑な modifies 波長 **パターン** , not just 波長. And you can\ncertainly say \"complex pattern\", right? Perhaps they're actually analyzing\nhundreds of wavelength numbers, as you suggested.\n\nAs a scientific term, I agree with you; 複雑な波形 (波形 = waveform) is used a lot,\nfor example, to describe the shape of electrocardiograms, but 複雑な波長 makes\nlittle sense to me.\n\nBut as @YoichiOishi said, 波長 is frequently used metaphorically to express how\ntwo people think, feel or act in similar ways (\"synchronously\"). Ordinary\npeople are probably more familiar with 波長 than 波形.\n\n(If the anime your friend is watching is エヴァンゲリオン, I remember\n\"synchronization\" is a keyword of that anime, so somehow 波長 may feel better.\nThat's just a guess, though.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T02:05:43.507",
"id": "32894",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T02:22:54.977",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-14T02:22:54.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32891 | 32894 | 32894 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32919",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「にわかに目をキラキラさせ始めた友蔵 **を** 前に、さすがのおかあさんも、ズバリ、 \n> そんな物は必要ないとは言いにくいらしく珍しく口ごもった。」\n\nI'm struggling to parse this sentence. In particular I don't understand which\nverb the を in bold is marking the object of.\n\nWe have: にわかに目をキラキラさせ始めた友蔵 \"Tomozou whose eyes suddenly began to sparkle\" is\nthe object.\n\n前に \"in front of Tomozou...\"\n\nさすがのおかあさんも...珍しく口ごもった \"Even mother (as she is) unusually, hesitated to say...\"\n\nNow I get confused. There is no と to mark what it is that she hesitated to\nsay. Instead we have an adverbial phrase, which I think is:\n\n物は必要ないとは言いにくいらしく \"seemingly difficult to say that such a thing is unnecessary\"\n\nOn second thoughts, perhaps this is the linking form 言いにくいらしく **て** rather\nthan adverbial.\n\nSo I get something like:\n\n> Even for (someone like) mother it seemed to be difficult to say in front of\n> Tomozou that such a thing was unnecessary and, unusually, she hesitated to\n> say it.\n\nThat seems to make sense but I still can't figure out the function of the を in\nbold. I fear I've messed something up here.\n\nPlease help me to parse this sentence correctly and understand the を in bold.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-13T23:33:51.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32892",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T18:55:41.933",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-13T23:53:38.330",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particle-を",
"adverbs",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "For which verb is を marking the object",
"view_count": 215
} | [
{
"body": "友蔵を前に is a shorthand for 友蔵を前にして\n\nXを前にする means \"with X in front of [the subject]\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T18:55:41.933",
"id": "32919",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T18:55:41.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13840",
"parent_id": "32892",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32892 | 32919 | 32919 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32901",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This question is based on the comment thread I've read from\n[ELL](https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/84339/id-like-to-know-the-\ndifference-between-a-memory-and-a-keepsake).\n\nBased on the clarification under Peter's answer, I was wondering if 'omiyage'\ncan never be used for something bought for one's self?\n\nI searched Google and it provided links where there are indications that there\nis an '[omiyage culture](http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/omiyage/)', and\nit clearly states that an omiyage is some kind of a 'gift'.\n\nIn English, 'giving' a gift / **souvenir** to one's self to serve as a\nremembrance is okay (e.g., I bought this souvenir to remind me of my trip to\nParis), but is the word 'omiyage' suitable for the same usage/sense?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T03:34:39.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32896",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T21:06:20.213",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:55:20.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11845",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "お土産 - May this be used for oneself?",
"view_count": 263
} | [
{
"body": "While it is definitely traditional to buy お土産 for others, buying them for\noneself is also a thing. Consider the two following phrases.\n\n> 自分へのお土産\n>\n> 自分用のお土産\n\nSearching the former one gives a hit from instagram\n[#自分へのお土産](https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8A%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%A3/)\nwith a few thousand posts.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T04:08:28.373",
"id": "32897",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T04:08:28.373",
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},
{
"body": "お土産 is basically a gift that you give other people such as your family,\nrelatives, friends, colleagues, boss, teacher and people whom you owe\nsomething as a souvenir of your trip. You can also take 手土産 which literally\nmeans ‘hand-carry’ (inexpensive) gift to your acquaintance or neighbors when\nyou make a casual visit or in case of moving house - for the greeting to new\nneighbours, simple items such as handtowel, canned green tea, and 浅草海苔 (dried\nseaweed) are used as 手土産.\n\nOf course, you can buy お土産 such as cake, food, beverage, and handicrafts for\nyour own use or consumption at local shops and 土産店 - souvenir shops as a token\nof your trip. Nobody blames anyone for doing that. But when we say お土産, it\nusually means a gift to others.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T07:49:56.887",
"id": "32901",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T21:06:20.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-14T21:06:20.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32896",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32896 | 32901 | 32901 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32899",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have trouble understanding the function of \"できる\" in this example:\n\n> 医療に応用できる究極の義体として作られたものだ\n\nIs it used as \"can\" or \"made from\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T06:25:25.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32898",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T08:21:07.347",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-14T06:38:50.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "function of \"できる\" in this example",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "It is used as \"can\".\n\nYour example is translated as \"It is made as an ultimate artificial human body\nwhich can be applied to medical use.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T07:16:16.977",
"id": "32899",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T08:21:07.347",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-14T08:21:07.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32898",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32898 | 32899 | 32899 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32902",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently heard about something that would be roughly translated as “uncle's\njokes” (the Japanese word for it should be something like 伯父ネタ or 伯父ガル but I\ncan't remember correctly what I heard the only part where I am sure is that it\nstarted with 叔父/伯父).\n\nBasically, it is just a play on words (by playing on the phonetic similarities\nof different words). Right now, I am only able to remember one.\n\n> 猫寝込んだ。（ねこねこんだ）\n\nMy question is how is it called and would you know some more?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T07:34:34.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32900",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T07:54:45.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"culture",
"puns"
],
"title": "“Uncle's jokes !?”",
"view_count": 428
} | [
{
"body": "It is called おやじギャグ and is also called ダジャレ.\n\nHere are 100 examples: <http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2136602894164225401>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-14T07:50:18.137",
"id": "32902",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-14T07:54:45.050",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-14T07:54:45.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32900 | 32902 | 32902 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32908",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know whether expressions such as お預かりさせていただく and ご説明させていただく are\nconsidered 二重敬語. お・ご～する is one way of making a verb into 謙譲語, and ～させていただく is\nanother. Both are quite common, and I hear the combined form frequently as\nwell; however, searches have provided conflicting answers. I am leaning\ntowards that it is not 二重敬語, but even if it is it's generally accepted. I hear\nit quite often in official announcements, after all.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T01:15:43.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32905",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T01:24:27.293",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T01:24:27.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Is お・ご～させていただく 二重敬語?",
"view_count": 305
} | [
{
"body": "They aren't 二重敬語 (but 敬語連結) but I'm thinking the problem if they sound wrong\nor not is parallel to that of 二重敬語. Whether it's 二重敬語 or 敬語連結, the problem is\nif they sound redundant, indecent in a certain situation or so. It's not a\nproblem of grammar.\n\nPersonally, I don't like recent tendency to abuse させていただく even when the\nspeaker is supposed to be responsible for the action.\n\nEdit: I'd like to clear out possible confusion. First, 二重敬語 is a grammatically\ncorrect expression. It just could be over-polite and indecent. After WW2, some\npeople claimed that it's politically incorrect to use in public speech because\nit had been formally applied to imperial family member. (In private speech, it\nwould be just randomly used.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T05:33:39.077",
"id": "32908",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T09:54:02.083",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-15T09:54:02.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32905",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32905 | 32908 | 32908 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32907",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Shinkansen chair can be rotated. The case is when you need to rotate it and\nyou need someone (stranger) to stand up on their chair so you can rotate\nyours... Is this a proper way to ask it?\n\nFirst, asking them to stand for a moment...\n\n> すみませんが、ちょっと立ってくださいますか？\n\nThe confusing part is telling the reason... The message was \"I want to rotate\nthe chair\" This is what I though of below...\n\n> 椅子を回りたいです\n\nBut when I check on google translate, it says...\n\n> 椅子を回転させたいです\n\nPlease help to explain the difference and what would be a proper way to say\nfor this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T03:54:41.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32906",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T13:08:37.003",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-15T04:20:24.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "To turn/rotate Shinkansen chair",
"view_count": 516
} | [
{
"body": "\"回る\" is an [intransitive\nverb](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/in-transitive), and\ntherefore not appropriate the way you are trying to phrase it.\n\n> In Japanese, sometimes there are two types of the same verb often referred\n> to as transitive and intransitive verbs. The difference between the two is\n> that one verb is an action done by an active agent while the other is\n> something that occurs without a direct agent.\n\nSo you can say, \"椅子が回る\" to describe the seat turning, but not _turning_ it. If\nyou had said \"椅子を回る\", it would rather mean \"go around the chair\", but that is\na different story.\n\n\"回す\" is the transitive counterpart to \"回る\". \"回す\" takes the particle \"を\". You\ncan phrase it in the following way:\n\n> 椅子を回したいです\n\n* * *\n\n\"させる\" is a [causative\nverb](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass), which can\nessentially mean \"make\" or \"let\" someone/something do something.\n\n> Verbs conjugated into the causative form are used to indicate an action that\n> someone makes happen.\n\n\"回転する\" would be what the seat is doing, while \"回転させる\" would be what _you_ are\ndoing to the seat, or making _it_ do.\n\n* * *\n\nLastly, I would prefer to phrase the request as following:\n\n> すみません、ちょっと立っていただけませんか？\n\nThe _why_ is mostly preference, but \"ください\", albeit humble, is imperative.\nUsing potential form is also a pretty standard and soft way of requesting\nsomething. You can make it even _less_ direct by using [phrasings suggested by\nnodakai and Shoko](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32923/11830).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T04:20:06.953",
"id": "32907",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-11T08:37:13.603",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11830",
"parent_id": "32906",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "> すみません、椅子を回したいんですけど、いいですか？ \n> すみません、椅子を回してもいいですか？ \n> すみません、椅子を回したいんですけど…。(cutting off the sentence as suggested by @nodakai)\n\nwould be fine.\n\nI think we also commonly say:\n\n> すみません、椅子/[座席]{ざせき}の向きを変えてもいいですか？ \n> すみません、椅子/座席の向きを変えたいんですけど、いいですか？ \n> すみません、椅子/座席の向きを変えたいんですが、いいですか？ \n> すみません、椅子/座席の向きを変えたいんですけど…。 \n> すみません、椅子/座席の向きを変えたいんですが…。\n\nI don't think we'd say 「すみませんが、ちょっと立ってくださいますか？」 or 「すみませんが、ちょっと立っていただけませんか？」\nin your situation; I think it'd sound a bit too direct and impolite to say to\nsomeone you don't know.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T07:14:08.273",
"id": "32923",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T13:08:37.003",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T13:08:37.003",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32906",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32906 | 32907 | 32907 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32913",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I sometimes hear 我々{われわれ} and 私{わたし}たち for \"we\", but am at a loss for\nunderstanding when I should use one over the other. Any tips?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T07:47:57.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32909",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T11:17:30.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12018",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the level of politeness for 我々?",
"view_count": 3100
} | [
{
"body": "我々 is literary and hard word. We don't use it commonly but is sometimes used\nin oration.\n\n私たち is commonly used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T10:27:17.467",
"id": "32911",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T10:27:17.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "They are synonymous in meaning.\n\n\"我々\" is more suitable in settings like political speeches (when referring to a\ngroup, including the speaker). It can have a strict and also archaic ring to\nit.\n\n\"私達\" can also be read as \"わたくしたち\", which is highly formal. It might be\nsuitable in a setting like a wedding reception, where you are referring to\nyour spouse and yourself.\n\n[from goo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/5452/meaning/m0u/)\n\n> [使い分け]\n>\n> 【１】「私達」は、話し言葉でも書き言葉でも用いる。\n>\n> 【２】「私達」は、「わたしたち」ともいうが、「わたくしたち」の方が、より改まった言い方。\n>\n> 【３】「我々」は、文語的で硬い言い方。\n\n* * *\n\nOtherwise, I can say I have heard people at my company use it, when referring\nto the company as a group, as opposed to an outside group (like a client). In\nthis setting, the people saying it are also usually all men. It might be the\npreference of some men to avoid the word \"私{わたし}\" as it can be considered\nfeminine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T11:17:30.433",
"id": "32913",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T11:17:30.433",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11830",
"parent_id": "32909",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32909 | 32913 | 32911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32916",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The one who just attacked is Lancer and not [髑髏]{されこうべ}.\n\n防御と反撃。 動作は一呼吸、まったくの同時に行われた。 **それを、自分から飛びかかった髑髏に防げる筈がない。**\n\n> Defense and counter-attack. \n> Those actions happened in the same moment. \n> Against that, for the skull who leaped by his own will, it should be\n> impossible to defend.\n\nShouldn't it be: \nそれを、自分から飛びかかった髑髏 **が** 防げる筈がない。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T10:31:50.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32912",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T18:04:59.633",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-15T11:29:55.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "に防ぐ or が防ぐ Which one is correct?",
"view_count": 209
} | [
{
"body": "防ぐ is a transitive verb, so it needs a object like 私が彼の攻撃を防ぐ(I deter his\nattack). And に防ぐ is incorrect.\n\n防げる is a potential verb of 防ぐ, so both が防げる and に防げる are correct. For example,\nドクロが彼の攻撃を防げる、ドクロに彼の攻撃が防げる(The skull can deter his attack).",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T13:52:02.803",
"id": "32916",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T14:00:59.857",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-15T14:00:59.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32912",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Note 防げる (can defend) is an adnominal on [筈]{はず}(supposition), together\nmeaning \"there cannot be any ways for the skeleton to defend [against the\nattack]\"\n\nI cannot explain why, but it sounds more natural to replace が with に for a\npotential verb (できる etc.,) _especially in an adnominal clause._ This _is_ the\nreason, if you ever call it a reason.\n\n> 髑髏 **が** 防げるはずがない\n\nis also OK, but because of [lack of] the above idiomatic structure, not to\nmention to the repeated が, it sounds a bit awkward. No novelist would choose\nthis option.\n\nLinguists may have tried to explain the reason, but they are probably\nafterthoughts.\n\n> 君はこの問題が解けるか？ \n> 君にこの問題が解けるか？ \n> Can you solve this question?\n\nThe latter may sound like a challenge or a rhetorical question implying \"I\nguess you cannot!\" The former sounds more like a genuine question.\n\n> 君がこの問題が解けるか？\n\nis ungrammatical.\n\n> 私に言えるのはここまで。 \n> This is all I can [am allowed] to say.\n\nOn the other hand,\n\n> 私は言えるのはここまで。\n\nis ungrammatical.\n\n> 私が言えるのはここまで。\n\nis acceptable but non-standard.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T17:34:22.283",
"id": "32917",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-15T18:04:59.633",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-15T18:04:59.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "13840",
"owner_user_id": "13840",
"parent_id": "32912",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32912 | 32916 | 32917 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32938",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't know if it's even called ateji in this case and maybe there's another\nname for this stylistic device? But I wonder how to translate (to English)\ncustom ateji made by author. For example when furigana indicates something\nfrom context, but is not official reading, even as ateji. I don't remember\nexact examples, but I saw this many times. Only last time I recall is\nsomething like: 自分の娘 with name in furigana (although 自分 works with first two\nletters of the name, rest is totally different). Meaning is the same, but I\nwonder if it's even possible to translate it somehow to convey both nouns.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-15T11:40:39.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32914",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T20:58:27.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"ateji"
],
"title": "Custom ateji (?) made by authors",
"view_count": 298
} | [
{
"body": "Translating is always a challenge. More so when typographical conventions like\nthis aren't shared between the source and target languages.\n\nIf you're translating for an audience that is expected to know about the\nJapanese language and its writing conventions, you might try adding a\n[ruby]{annotation} to the word(s) in question.\n\nAlternatively, you could add a comment (parenthetically, to provide the\nadditional sense or context) immediately following the relevant word(s).\n\nOr perhaps find some other means of conveying the overlap in meaning --\nperhaps by choosing a word from another language, such as the borrowed Russian\nterms _droog_ (друг = \"friend\") and _gulliver_ (голова́ = \"head\") used in _A\nClockwork Orange_ , or by May King a deliberate Miss Spelling (easier with\nnames, where spellings tend to be a bit more fluid anyway).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T20:58:27.503",
"id": "32938",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T20:58:27.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32914",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32914 | 32938 | 32938 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32922",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 悪質かは置いといて今日は集まり悪いですね。\n\nThis \"question + は置いといて\" looks like a common construction based on Google\nresults but I can't find an explanation of it.\n\nBut my guess from staring at it long enough and considering the \"putting\naside\" meaning of 置く is that this perhaps means:\n\n> Putting aside the question of whether I'm being a jerk, today's gathering is\n> bad, isn't it.\n\nIs that correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T02:24:28.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32921",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T02:45:23.980",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T02:42:42.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "10407",
"owner_user_id": "10407",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Question + は置いといて",
"view_count": 2414
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, ～は置いといて = ～は置いておいて = Putting aside ～.\n\nThere are two 置く, and the second 置く works as a subsidiary verb. [That's not\nuncommon](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/31018/5010).\n\nThis 悪質か does not mean \"whether I am being a jerk\", but means \"whether or not\nthis is out of malice\", \"whether or not they have a good reason for not\ncoming\", etc.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T02:45:23.980",
"id": "32922",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T02:45:23.980",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32921",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 32921 | 32922 | 32922 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32925",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "According to the dictionary, 吹く is a transitive verb (e.g., a verb that needs\nan object).\n\nHowever, the following sentence does not have an object. So what should I\ntranslate it?\n\n> 風が強く吹いている。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T07:45:55.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32924",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-17T11:08:41.677",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T20:12:28.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "What does 「風が強く吹いている。」 mean?",
"view_count": 1544
} | [
{
"body": "As you can see\n[here](http://www.nihongokyoshi.co.jp/manbow/manbow.php?id=960&TAB=2), 吹く can\nbe transitive and intransitive.\n\n> 風が吹く（自動詞） 笛を吹く（他動詞）\n\nSo 風が強く吹いている。 can translate to \"(lit.) The wind is blowing hard.\" i.e. \"It's\nblowing hard.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T07:59:25.803",
"id": "32925",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T07:59:25.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32924",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "As choco writes, “吹く” can be used in both ways of transitive and intransitive\nas a verb, though I think it’s more often used in a transitive than in\nintransitive form. Here are some examples I picked up at random:\n\n(Transitive):\n\n笛を吹く- play the flute\n\n埃を吹く- blow the dust off\n\n[法螺]{ほら}を吹く- talk big\n\n毛を吹いて傷を求める - suffer great damage by sticking to a trivial matter\n\n息を吹き返す - come back to life\n\nひと泡吹かせる - flummox someone / give sb a scare\n\n(Intransitive):\n\nそよ風が吹く - A light wind breezes\n\n芽が吹く - The buds sprout.\n\n泉水の水が吹く - The fountain water springs out.\n\n嵐が吹き荒れる - The storm blows violently.\n\nどこ吹く風 - I don't (he, she doesn't) care at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T22:19:04.857",
"id": "32939",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-17T11:08:41.677",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-17T11:08:41.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32924",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32924 | 32925 | 32925 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32942",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "# Japanese\n\n今日、他の教員の書いたものを読んでいたら、以下のような本のタイトルが出てきました：\n\n> Z: AがいかにBに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきたか\n\n元となった本は英語だったのですが、英語のタイトルは：\n\n> Z: How A influences B and forms C.\n\n英語の場合、「How」は疑問の意味以外に、手段を説明する「[ように](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/how)」の意味もあります。今回の場合の「How」は、その「ように」を意味する関係詞だと思います。例えば、\n\n> Spaghetti: How I fill my stomach.\n\n(スパゲティ：お腹いっぱいのなり方)\n\n同じように、最後に「か」を置く文法は日本語に存在しているでしょうか。\n\n私の質問はその最後の「か」についてなのですが、これは疑問の意味になりますか。また、別の意味を表す「か」になりうるのですか。例えば、「Xはこのようにできた」また「どんな手段を使っていた」の意味の「か」が存在しているのか。もしそうであれば、その文法を説明していただけませんか。\n\n# English\n\nToday I was reading something another faculty member wrote, and the following\ntitle appeared:\n\n> Z: AがいかにBに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきたか\n\nThe original book is in English, and the English title is:\n\n> Z: How A influences B and forms C.\n\nIn English, \"how\" can be used both to ask [a question and to explain\nmeans](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/how). In the case of this title, I take\nit to be the means meaning [as a\nconjunction](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/how?s=t). For instance,\n\n> Spaghetti: How I fill my stomach.\n\n(Spaghetti: the way I get full)\n\nIs there a 「か」 that can be place at the end that has this same meaning?\n\nMy question is about this final 「か」. Does the title become a question by\nhaving it there? Or does this 「か」 express something else. For instance, is\nthere a (final) 「か」 that means \"this is how (preceding part) was done\" or\n\"these are the means that accomplish (preceding part)\" ? If there is one,\ncould someone explain the grammar. (preferably you would explain it in\nJapanese but obviously I'll take what I can get)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T08:41:48.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32926",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T17:39:42.043",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "最後に「か」が置かれると疑問文になるかどうか",
"view_count": 745
} | [
{
"body": "「疑問詞 + ～～か」の形で、疑問ではなく手段、方法、過程などを表すことができます。\n\n「いかに」「いかにして」は、「どうやって」「どのようにして」の堅い言い方で、「どんな方法・手段・やり方で」「どんな過程で」などの意味があります。\n\nそして、「いかに～するか」「どうやって～するか」は、「どんな方法・過程で～するか」(in what way/process XX does ~~)\nや「～～する方法・手段・過程」(the way XX does ~~; the means XX does ~~ by; the process XX\ndoes ~~ in) という意味で使うことができます。\n\n例えば、「この問題の[解]{と}き方」は、「どうやって/どのようにしてこの問題を解くか」や「この問題を解く方法」と同じ意味で、手段・方法を表します。「どうやって/どのようにしてこの問題を解いたか」と言うと、解いた過程を表して、「この問題を解いた過程」という感じがします。\n\n（また、「いかに」には、「どれほど」「どの程度」(to what extent)\nの意味もあります。例えば、「AがいかにBに影響を及ぼしたか」は「AがBにどれほどの影響を及ぼしたか」「AがBに及ぼした影響の程度・大きさ」という意味と捉えることもできます。）\n\n題名の「AがいかにBに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきたか」は、\n\n> 「Aが **どのような方法で** Bに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきたか」 \n> 「AがBに影響を及ぼしてCを形成してきた(その) **方法** 」 \n> 「Aが **どのような過程をたどって** Bに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきたか」 \n> 「AがBに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきた(その) **過程** 」\n\nなどの意味に捉えられると思います。でも、学術論文の題名としては「どんな方法で」「どんなやり方で」よりも文語的な「いかに」を使った方がいいでしょうし、「～のやり方」「～してきた方法」という題名もちょっとカッコ悪いです。そういうわけで、英語の題名の「How\nA does ~~」に近い形で、日本語の題名が「Aがいかに～してきたか」になったのだと思います。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-17T05:03:05.927",
"id": "32942",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-17T08:32:22.600",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-17T08:32:22.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32926",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "既に意味や用法についての詳しい回答がありますので蛇足かもしれませんが、この種の「か」が「別の意味を表せるか」という点、またその文法的役割についてお答えしたいと思います。\n\n端的に申しますと、この種の「か」は、単独では「How」のような意味を表すことはできません。\n\n例えば、質問文にある例でいいますと、\n\n> AがいかにBに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきたか\n\nという日本語のタイトルは、原文では、\n\n> How A influences B and forms C\n\nと表現されているとのことですが、ここで「How」を本質的に意味している日本語は「いかに」という語です。ですから、この「いかに」という語を省略すると、文の意味が変わってしまいます。\n\n試しに、上述の例から「いかに」を抜いてみます。\n\n> AがBに影響を及ぼしCを形成してきたか\n\n日本語を母語とする大多数の人はこの文を、英語でいうところの\n\n> Whether A influences B and forms C\n\nという意味でとらえます。文中に「いかに」またはその類語がない状態では、「How」の意味する「どのように」「どのような手段で」等は表せません。\n\n疑問詞とペアになっていない単独の「か」は、「whether」のような「不確定」または「別の可能性もあること」などの意味を表現することはできます。ですが、「How」のような意味を表すには「いかに」等の疑問詞と組み合わせて「か」を用いる必要があります。\n\nこの種の「か」は副助詞です。\n\n副助詞「か」を付けることで、一連の語が名詞節としてまとまります。名詞のように使えるようになるということです。\n\n例えば、以下の文はどちらも、「体言＋格助詞（を）＋用言」という構成です。\n\n> **道** を尋ねる。\n>\n> **いつ彼が東京を訪れたか** を尋ねる。\n\n「道」は名詞で、「いつ彼が東京を訪れたか」は名詞節です。このように名詞節は、文中の名詞の入る位置に自然に入れることができます。\n\n副助詞「か」を用いると、名詞のような印象で疑問を提示できるということです。副助詞「か」は、意味を伝えるだけでなく、形といいますか、その文の在り方を伝える役割も果たしているといえます。\n\n以上のことから、まとめますと、副助詞「か」は「How」の意味を単独で表現することはできませんが、「名詞節をつくる役割を果たす」という点においては「How」に近いものがあるといえるかもしれません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T17:39:42.043",
"id": "32969",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T17:39:42.043",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "32926",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32926 | 32942 | 32942 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence said by Kansai speaker. He said this because his\ncompanion has annoyed other persons in the same room until they woke up.\n\nそら見い いよいよおき **な** はったあ。\n\nI think it would work as a filler. Please correct me if I'm wrong.\n\n**Extra question:** Is the 「はったあ」the past form of 「はる」 or 'to do' in Kansai\ndialect?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T08:46:34.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32927",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T20:11:09.263",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T20:11:09.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"keigo",
"manga",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "What does the 「な」 do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "The なはった is the past tense form of なはる, which is the Kansai version of\nhonorific なさる. So [起]{お}きなはった would be like 起きなさった in standard Japanese.\n\n> そら見い いよいよおきなはったあ \n> ≂ そら見ろ、いよいよ(≂とうとう)起きなさった。(≂ 起きられた / 起きてしまわれた)\n\n* * *\n\n> Is the 「はったあ」 the past form of 「はる」 or 'to do' in Kansai dialect?\n\nThe meaning is the same, just your example uses なはった/なはる. Actually we more\ncommonly say 起きはった here in Kansai, using the (weak honorific) はる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T08:56:54.090",
"id": "32928",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T09:28:02.800",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T09:28:02.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32927",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32927 | null | 32928 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to use Kanji for my first name (Winri) when I go to Japan. Is\nthis okay to do? If so, what characters would go into the name?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T10:33:01.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32929",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T11:09:37.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "Can I use Kanji for my first name?",
"view_count": 777
} | [
{
"body": "Of course, you can use Kanji for your first name. I think your first name is\nウィンリ written in Japanese so you can use kanji character like ウ, イン, リ.\n\nThere are many kanji and you can choose them as you like. I advise you to\nchoose kanji which have good meaning.\n\nHow about 宇(ウ)院(イン)理(リ)?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T11:09:37.437",
"id": "32930",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T11:09:37.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32929",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32929 | null | 32930 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of the verb 工夫 when it is used with clothes?\n\nExample:\n\n> [裏地]{うらじ}を[工夫]{くふう}してみる",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T16:21:24.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32932",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T22:12:58.947",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T22:12:58.947",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "meaning of the verb 工夫 in this example",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "工夫する means \"exercise ingenuity\". If you use 工夫する for clothes, it is used, for\nexample, when you add pockets, or when you change the backing cloth to a\nwarmer material.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T17:22:08.830",
"id": "32934",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T20:09:52.040",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T20:09:52.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32932",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32932 | 32934 | 32934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32935",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Here is the sentence.\n\n> はったりにせよ おれたちをこいつらよばわりする **たあ** りっぱな度胸だぜ。\n\nIs it a particle for emphasizing the sentence or making the verb よばわりする as\nimperative or something else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T17:14:24.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32933",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-20T15:33:45.560",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-18T03:18:44.047",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"particle-は",
"particle-と",
"contractions"
],
"title": "What does the 「たあ」 do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 345
} | [
{
"body": "It is a sound change of \"とは\". It may be used in old city(下町 in Japanese) in\nTokyo.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T17:49:24.287",
"id": "32935",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-16T19:02:02.267",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T19:02:02.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "“はったりにせよ おれたちをこいつらよばわりするたあ りっぱな度胸だぜ” can be translated as “Even if it’s only a\nbluff, you have a good nerve to call us ‘Hey, cubs!’”\n\n“たあ” is a colloquial and contracted form of “ …とは”, meaning “… is,” which is\ncalled “べらんめえ口調、” a local dialect in downtown areas of Tokyo and its environs.\n\n“たあ” is always suffixed to verbs such as “する,” “言う,” “聞く,” in such a way as “\n…するたあ、” “(なんて)言うたあ.” “….聞くたあ（驚いた）,” followed by a condemnation:\n\n> こんなところで[白]{しらっ}ぱくれる **たあ** 、もう許せねえ。 \n> I cannot tolerate you feigning innocence at this stage. \n> 女湯を覗き見する **たあ** 、[唐変木]{とうへんぼく}め！ \n> You're a nut to have peeped in the women's section of a public bath.\n\nor a surprise, like:\n\n> こんな所へお殿様[直々]{じきじき}のお出まし **たあ** 、恐れ入りやした。 \n> I'm surprised and greatly obliged to have our master's visit by himself to\n> such a shabby house.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T03:15:57.103",
"id": "32957",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T08:39:22.877",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-18T08:39:22.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "はったり…slang meaning of bravado for fight. a bluff.\n\nThe inflections of Edo dialect is as follows.\n\n> ai → ee（ない→ねえ、おまえ→おめえ） \n> oa → aa（とは→たあ） \n> ea → ya（それは→そりゃ）\n\nThere are two spoken languages in Edo(Tokyo). \nOne is 山手言葉(Yamate dialect) in west side, the other is 江戸言葉(Edo dialect) in\neast side. \n \nOriginally, Tokugawa shogunate family and their subordinates lived in west\nside. \nIn the period of the Meiji restoration, they leave and new government's people\ncame there. \nTherefore it is said that 江戸言葉 remained at the area of only east side. \nIt seems that the standard language of Japanese was made from 山手言葉.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T15:33:45.560",
"id": "33004",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-20T15:33:45.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13598",
"parent_id": "32933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32933 | 32935 | 32935 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32941",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> しかし、あの川のことがもとでじっさい兵太郎君は病気になったのなら、兵太郎君がそれをだまっているはずはない。\n\nShort summary of context: Something happened with 兵太郎君 (heitaroukun) in the\nriver, and his friends were there. The speaker is one of the friends, 久助君\n(kyuusukekun). 兵太郎君 (heitaroukun) didn't show up in school ever since. Now the\nspeaker asks himself why that is, or rather, if they (kyusuke&co) are the\nreason, Heitarou isn't showing up anymore.\n\nI get the vibe of the above sentence somehow, which in my mind looks like this\nin English:\n\n> But, if in fact Heitarou got _sick_ because of the river-incident, there\n> wouldn't be any reason for him to shut up about this.\n\n**Question** : How can I parse もとでじっさい in that sentence? Did I understand the\nsentence correctly?\n\n**What I researched on もとで** :\n\n> 下で: From a german/japanese dictionary: under, by, in. (I don't see the sense\n> here if _that_ would be it) 元で：I didn't find 元 with で, but I guess combining\n> them the meaning becomes **In fact** (?). But then why is there じっさい behind\n> it?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T19:28:44.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32936",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-17T04:32:13.677",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-16T19:34:06.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "11253",
"owner_user_id": "11253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "What does this sentence including もとで mean?",
"view_count": 323
} | [
{
"body": "This もとで is 元で, which is a common phrase meaning _due to_ , _because of_ ,\netc. 元 literally means _origin_ or _cause_. You can google `\"が元で\"` (don't\nforget the quotes) to see tons of real examples.\n\n実際【じっさい】 is another adverb which just happens to be there (meaning _actually_\n, _in reality_ , of course).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-17T04:32:13.677",
"id": "32941",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-17T04:32:13.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32936",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32936 | 32941 | 32941 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32940",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context on what happened earlier: He made a comment about his philosophy on\nbecoming friends and she liked it.\n\n> 「でも うん。私は好きかな。人が好きだから」\n>\n> 「奇遇だね、俺も人が大好きで仕方ないんだ」\n>\n> 「そっか。 **私の方が好きだけどね** 」\n\nHowever, I'm not quite sure what she means by 私の方が好きだけどね.\n\nIs this like a \"no no, I **love** them (more than you)\". Or contrasting with\nhim using 大好き to say that she doesn't like them that much. Or is it something\nelse?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-16T19:43:23.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32937",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-17T04:42:04.767",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9219",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Meaning of 私の方が好きだけどね",
"view_count": 932
} | [
{
"body": "Without any context, （あなたより）私の方が好き can mean either of:\n\n * I love someone more than you love him/her.\n * Someone loves me more than he/she loves you.\n\nBut it doesn't mean \"I love you more than I love someone.\" nor \"I love someone\nmore than I love you.\"\n\nIn this context, this sentence means \"I love people (=mankind in general) more\nthan you love people.\"\n\nIf one wants to say \"I only _like_ them, not _love_ them.\" then it will be\nsomething like 「私の方は単なる\"好き\"だけどね」「私は大好きというほどではないけどね」.\n\nBTW, Isn't \"I love them more than you\" an ambiguous English sentence, too? :-)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-17T04:08:17.713",
"id": "32940",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-17T04:08:17.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32937",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32937 | 32940 | 32940 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32950",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My wife's last name in passport is Levadnia. When our marriage certificate was\ntranslated into Japanese it became レヴァドニャ.\n\nTo my taste having ヴァ in there is over-complicating. Also ニャ nya has a\nchildish twist to it. I don't think there is a difference in pronunciation\nbetween ヴァ and ワ. Therefore, I would like to simplify it for the other\ndocuments like so.\n\nレワドニヤ VS. レヴァドニャ\n\nMaybe it is even more natural to have \"ba\" バ in there?\n\nIn my view this should decrease chances of people mistyping her last name and\nincrease readability.\n\nWhat looks more correct?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-17T09:28:26.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32943",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T08:59:51.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "2922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Can katakana ワ be used in official name?",
"view_count": 395
} | [
{
"body": "Based on the OP's comments, here's my thoughts.\n\nFirst of all, ワ and ヴァ are totally different katakana with totally different\nsounds at least to the ears of Japanese. Are you a native speaker of (British\nor American) English who can distinguish [the difference between W and V\nsounds](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utT8afVLf68) without difficulty? Then\nall you have to know is that ワ roughly corresponds to English \"wa\" and ヴァ\ncorresponds to English \"va\". The difference is very large and important, both\nin English and Japanese. I don't believe it's a matter of taste.\n\nIf an average Japanese speaker who is not familiar with Slovak names (like me)\nsees _Levadnia_ , they certainly use ヴァ or バ, because they try to read this as\nan English word. [Japanese people have difficulty in distinguishing V and B\nsounds](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24498/do-japanese-\nactually-pronounce-the-v-sound), so the choice between ヴァ and バ is a matter of\ntaste. ヴァ is not particularly complicated to average Japanese adults, but if\nyou need maximum readability and brevity, バ is a safe choice.\n\n**TLDR:** You need to seriously think about the difference between レヴァドニャ and\nレワドニャ. Neither is more grammatically correct than the other, and only you and\nyour wife can decide. If you decide レヴァドニャ is the right sound, you can also\nuse レバドニャ.\n\n`-ia` can be ～ニア, ～ニャ or ～ニヤ (For example _Tania_ can be タニア, ターニャ, タニヤ). I\ndon't think ～ニャ is particularly childish, but perhaps レヴァドニヤ or レヴァドニア is a\nbit easier to pronounce.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-17T21:53:43.093",
"id": "32950",
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]
| 32943 | 32950 | 32950 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32952",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does the word 東雲 _shinonome_ have some stylistic pecularities? What's the\ndifference between this word and others with the same meaning \"daybreak;\ndawn\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-17T18:08:15.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"aspect",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Aspects in stylistics/meaning of 東雲",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "東雲【しののめ】 fell out of use many years ago, and it's marked as a 古語 (archaic\nword) in dictionaries.\n\nIt's now mainly recognized as an uncommon proper noun (e.g.,\n[東雲駅](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinonome_Station_\\(Tokyo\\)), [list of\nfictional characters named 東雲](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E6%9D%B1%E9%9B%B2)).\nMost people today don't know its meaning.\n\n* * *\n\nOriginally, 東雲 referred to a short period of time when the sun is not yet\nvisible but the sky is already bright (after 暁【あかつき】and before 曙【あけぼの】,\naccording to [this entry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/2123/meaning/m0u/)).\n\n暁 and 曙 are literary words which are still sometimes used to refer to _dawn_\nin modern Japanese, but I don't think ordinary people can explain the\ndifference.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9vnPx.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-17T18:39:06.730",
"id": "32946",
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{
"body": "東雲(しののめ) is an old Japanese word that means the sky turning into a madder red\ncolor before sun-rise. According to Chiebukuro, the origin of the word is the\nlight of the morning sun coming through 篠の目 ‐ the mesh of a window cover and\ndoor made of gregarious small bamboo grass - 篠（しの）.\n\nThe word is obsolete today, except being left as the name of area crammed with\nhigh-rise office buildings and luxury apartment houses in Edogawa-ku, Tokyo.\n\nWe can find the word, 東雲 in use only in old 和歌 these days. Here are some of\nthem with my poor translation, which I’m afraid of totally spoiling their\nexquisite flavors:\n\nつれなさを 恨みも果てぬ 東雲に 取りあへぬまで 驚かすらむ.－源氏物語 第13文, (Genji-monogatari Chapter 3.) -\nWhile I cannot complain enough about your heartlessness, look, the sky started\nto grow light.\n\n「東雲のほがらかと明け行けば己が衣着ぬなる ‐ 古今和歌集 恋の歌 (Kokinwaka-shu : Love songs 637. - It’s sad\nthat we have to wear each separate clothes and I have to go out, now that the\nsky started to grow light.\n\nたぐひなくつらしとぞ思ふ秋の夜の月をのこして明くるしののめ - 千載集 (Senzai-shu 300）. - The night was so\nshort. I cannot compare my sadness of seeing dawn light with anything else,\nwhile the moon is still hanging in autumn sky.\n\nA proviso:\n\nYou need to understand that these poems were written in 平安時代 - Heian era (9-12\nCentury), when ”通い婚” was a common practice, where a married couple don’t live\ntogetner under the same roof, and the husband should visit the wife in her\nhouse in the evening and leave out there before the dawn.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-17T23:17:27.577",
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| 32945 | 32952 | 32946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32951",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a bit confused about the part in bold in the following passage. I can't\nunderstand what exactly is the speaker talking about with 上手く and 下手? Is he\ntalking about how the one could be 'so-so good in one subject, and equally bad\nat some other'?\n\n> ジュウは今まで学校の授業を一元的に見ていた部分があり、どの教師も同じようなものだと思っていた。 **そこそこ上手く、そこそこ下手**\n> 。授業なんてそんなものだろう、と高をくくっていたのだが、その考えを改めることになった。堕花雨の教え方は、妙に上手いのだ。いつものように[抑揚]{よくよう}のない口調なのだが、それが何故か心地よく、頭にすんなりと入っていく。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-17T18:48:42.083",
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"owner_user_id": "3183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of phrase そこそこ上手く、そこそこ下手",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "The speaker is talking about teachers at school, and that sentence means no\nteacher is particularly good or bad at teaching something. It's not an\nidiomatic phrase, but you can understand it as \"moderately good and bad at the\nsame time,\" \"not remarkable at all.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-17T22:46:07.507",
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}
]
| 32947 | 32951 | 32951 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32966",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> お姉ちゃんに何を **言われようが** 、まる子はウキウキ気分なのであった。 \n> What was said by her sister ???? but, Maruko felt cheerful.\n\nI can't think of any way in which something which is passive can also be\nvolitional. How do I understand this construction?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-17T20:47:57.957",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"passive-voice",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Meaning of volitional passive form",
"view_count": 1411
} | [
{
"body": "I found another example with this form:\n\n> ここから出ていく何と言われようとも！\n>\n> So I'm getting out of here, whatever anybody says!\n\nSo I guess the translation of your sentence is\n\n> Whatever her sister said, Maruko felt cheerful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T03:24:03.200",
"id": "32959",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T10:16:56.737",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "「何, どこ, だれ, いつ etc. + ～～(よ)うが」 \n「何, どこ, だれ, いつ etc. + ～～(よ)うと(も)」 \n「何, どこ, だれ, いつ etc. + ～～ても」 \nmean \"No matter what, where, who, etc. ~~\". For example:\n\n> 何を言お **うが** / 何を言お **うと** ( **も** ) / 何を言っ **ても** \n> (No matter what ~~ say, ...) \n> どこに行こ **うが** / どこに行こ **うと** ( **も** ) / どこに行っ **ても** \n> (No matter where ~~ go, ...) \n> 何があろ **うが** / 何があろ **うと** ( **も** ) / 何があっ **ても** \n> (No matter what happens, ...) \n> 何を頼まれ **ようが** / 何を頼まれ **ようと** ( **も** ) / 何を頼まれ **ても** ← passive + よう \n> (No matter what ~~ is requested)\n\nThe auxiliary verb よう has other meanings than volitional. I think the よう here\nis [#5 in デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226119/meaning/m0u/):\n「仮定の意を表す。」(expresses a hypothetical/conditional meaning).\n\nSo your example:\n\n> お姉ちゃんに何を言われようが、まる子はウキウキ気分なのであった。\n\nis like 「お姉ちゃんに何を言われようと(も)～」, 「お姉ちゃんに何を言われても～」, (Lit.) \"No matter what Maruko\nwas told by her sister, ~~\" -> \"No matter what her sister said to her, Maruko\nwas feeling just so excited / exhilarated.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T10:09:20.373",
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}
]
| 32949 | 32966 | 32966 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32963",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I noticed that 谷{たに} and 谷間{たにま} both mean valley in the dictionary. However,\nwhen I Google 谷間, I get a bunch of pictures of cleavage.\n\nShould only 谷 be used to describe \"valley\"? And, can 谷間 also mean valley but\nis basically slang for cleavage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T01:38:30.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32954",
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"owner_user_id": "13857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 谷 and 谷間?",
"view_count": 395
} | [
{
"body": "I think 谷 is commonly only used to describe \"valley\".\n\nHowever 谷間 has a meaning other than \"valley\". It is used when you describe low\nplace between high places. For example. 胸の谷間(It is cleavage, isn't it?),\nビルの谷間、景気の谷間.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T06:52:51.583",
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{
"body": "Probably we say 谷 for a valley as a whole, and 谷間 to focus on the bottom of a\nvalley.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T18:39:18.203",
"id": "32992",
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| 32954 | 32963 | 32963 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32967",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What does [雲行]{くもゆ}き mean? I looked this up on Google Translate, and it means\n\"turn of affairs\" which makes no sense to me. I looked this up on Google\nImages, and there are pictures of storm clouds.\n\nMy guess is that 雲行{くもゆ}き means storm clouds, but I'm not entirely sure.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T02:03:20.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32955",
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"owner_user_id": "13857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does [雲行]{くもゆ}き mean?",
"view_count": 355
} | [
{
"body": "As I could find out, 雲行き has two meanings:\n\n> 1. Cloud drift, cloud movement \n>\n>\n\nIt can be clear from the very kanjis. Not necessarily storm clouds, but it's\nalso possible. \n \nAnd Google translate was right:\n\n> 2. Turn of affairs / current situation\n>\n\nAgain, judging by kanjis, it seems to me that in this case \"how things are\ngoing\" has the close meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T03:16:59.573",
"id": "32958",
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},
{
"body": "雲行き means: \n① the direction of the clouds' move, and \n② the prospect of the development of an event.\n\n\"雲行き\" is most often used in the way as 雲行きが[怪]{あや}しい (or [険]{けわ}しい), meaning\nthe thing (situation) looks (somewhat) precarious, for example:\n\n> 彼と奥さんと、どうやら雲行きが怪しいようだ。 \n> The relationship between them (he and his wife) doesn’t seem to be going\n> well. \n> TPP交渉の雲行きが険しい。 \n> The prospect of concluding the TPP Agreement is thinning away.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T11:24:42.250",
"id": "32967",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "雲行き literally means the way clouds [行]{ゆ}く\n\n道行き is an archaic word for itinerary.\n\n東京行き means bound for Tokyo. Similarly, 地獄行き is bound for Hell. Their [行]{ゆ}き\nparts are often pronounced as [行]{い}き in modern Japanese.\n\nHope you get some ideas on how 行き, a noun form of a verb [行]{ゆ}く \"go,\" can be\nused in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T18:37:45.287",
"id": "32991",
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}
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| 32955 | 32967 | 32967 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32960",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is this true?\n\n> 連絡{れんらく}を入{い}れる = 連絡する\n\nIn what situations is it used, and how is it used?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T03:02:20.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32956",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T18:57:14.240",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-18T08:46:17.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Usage and meaning of 連絡を入れる",
"view_count": 325
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's true. You can use 連絡を入れる in the same way as 連絡する but I feel it is a\nlittle literary.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T03:43:59.200",
"id": "32960",
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},
{
"body": "連絡を入れる emphasizes the act of delivering a message; it's something more than\njust \"communicate.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T18:57:14.240",
"id": "32994",
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]
| 32956 | 32960 | 32994 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32962",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do I respond and open the letter when they're signing their emails with\ntheir language center name instead of their \"person\"-name?\n\nThey close with \"「ｘ」センター\"\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T03:47:26.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32961",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T06:10:34.533",
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"owner_user_id": "11826",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "\"Business\" email letter opening when their signed name is their language center?",
"view_count": 350
} | [
{
"body": "**ご担当者様** is the equivalent of \"to someone it may concern\". You can use it\nlike this:\n\n```\n\n Xセンター\n ご担当者様\n \n お世話になっております、……\n \n```\n\nFrom [a\ndictionary](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%94%E6%8B%85%E5%BD%93%E8%80%85%E3%81%95%E3%81%BE):\n\n> 組織などに手紙や電子メールを送る際、対応する個人名が不明な場合に宛名として用いられる表現。「担当者さま」に丁寧の「ご」をつけた表現。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T06:10:34.533",
"id": "32962",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 32961 | 32962 | 32962 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32968",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence including the word.\n\n世を **すねぐれて** 十五年 孤児院ぐらしは身につかず\n\nIs it a combination of 2 verbs between 「すねる」and 「ぐれる」?\n\nI understand that 2 verbs can be combined with て-form of the first one.\n\n**Extra question:** Why is it not 「暮｛く｝らし」instead of「ぐらし」?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-18T06:59:29.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32964",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T16:49:09.400",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What does the word 「すねぐれて」mean?",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "Almost certainly it's from すねる + ぐれる. Because there is no in-between て, すねぐれる\nsounds like it's an established compound verb (such as 飛び起きる, こぼれ落ちる, 遊び呆ける),\nbut I haven't seen this combination before.\n\nFrom what I could google, it probably is a rare dialect word used in the\neastern part of Japan.\n\n[This page](http://www1.tmtv.ne.jp/~kadoya-sogo/ibaraki-su.html) lists すねぐれる\nas an 茨城弁 term.\n\n> すねぐれる \n> 【動】拗ねる、ひねくれる\n\nThere are a very few actual occurrences of すねぐれる/拗ねぐれる in some sites, for\nexample:\n\n * <http://maron0707.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-630.html>\n\n>\n> ルークはマロンに対して「うなる」事はしないんですけど、待ちきれなくなると実力行使で、お膝に割り込んで来る事が多いです。昨日は割り込んできて、私に「あっ、ダメだよ」って軽く言われたので、\n> **すねぐれ** モードになりました（＾＾；）\n\n * [http://m-pe.tv/u/m/novel/?uid=kukyosoka&id=1&act=viewPage&p=2&CID=11&PHPSESSID=edhoqt2bgk91koeiam6k7covh1](http://m-pe.tv/u/m/novel/?uid=kukyosoka&id=1&act=viewPage&p=2&CID=11&PHPSESSID=edhoqt2bgk91koeiam6k7covh1)\n\n> 「そんなに俺が嫌いかっ？ 嫌いなのかっ？ 嫌いなんだなっ？ す、 **すねぐれて** やるーッ！」（勢い良く飛び出す）\n\nAnd there are at least three native speakers who wondered what すねぐれる means,\njust like you.\n\n * <http://alfirin.jugem.jp/?eid=381>\n\n>\n> ところで。「すねぐれる」という単語は全国一般的に使われている標準語なんでしょうか…。私、九州、中国、関西、東北地方には住んだことがありますが聞いたことない。高永さんの漫画には時々知らない言葉が出てくるんだよなー。\n\n * <http://fujoshina.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2007/01/__0f3d.html>\n\n>\n> それから「すねぐれる」って言葉も可愛いと思いました。これ方言なんでしょうか？それとも標準語？気になったので調べてみました。昔の茨城弁やあらかわ弁にあるみたいです。うーん、関係ないのかな？でも響きが可愛いです。すねぐれる。\n\n * <http://s.webry.info/sp/39cat.at.webry.info/200909/article_2.html>\n\n> 「出発前に、金太郎は「すねぐれ」ておりました・・・どうぞよろしくお願いします」とあり\n> 「すねぐれ？」なんて可愛いネーミング！久々に私の中でヒットしました。\n\n* * *\n\nAs for your extra question, it's [a simple result of 連濁\nphenomenon](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2526/5010). ～ぐらし is\nrelatively common (eg, その日暮らし, 一人暮らし).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T16:38:05.897",
"id": "32968",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-18T16:49:09.400",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32964",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32964 | 32968 | 32968 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32974",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have problem understanding the following scene from a manga (Yotsuba&! vol.\n1 pg. 196):\n\n> Person A: Oh yeah, what about Yotsubas mother?\n>\n> Person B: ああ こいつ ひろわれっ子なんで かーちゃんいないんだ\n\n(I put spaces where line breaks are in the manga).\n\nI understand parts of that sentence but can't find what the phrase in the\nmiddle of it means (\"ひろわれっ子なんで\"). As the character for child is the only kanji\nI have trouble even knowing how many words are in there, and dictionaries\naren't of much help. I found a translation of the manga online and they claim\nit means\n\n> Oh, she was an abandoned child so she doesn't have a mom\n\nbut when I tried searching \"abandon child\", It appears the verb \"捨てる\" is used\n(like for example here: 彼女は自分の子供たちを捨てた). Could you help me understand what\nexactly is said in there?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-18T20:49:12.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32970",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T09:33:21.153",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does \"ああ こいつ ひろわれっ子なんで かーちゃんいないんだ”",
"view_count": 1549
} | [
{
"body": "ひろわれっ子 is a variation of ひろわれた子 like 江戸っ子. ひろわれる is a passive form of ひろう and\nit means \" be taken in\" and \"be picked up\".\n\nIn fact, she is a child who was abandoned and was taken in(picked up).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T01:38:14.163",
"id": "32974",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T05:51:11.833",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-19T05:51:11.833",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32970",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32970 | 32974 | 32974 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32977",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I need to write an email for an assignment where I am an exchange student\nwho is going to Japan and staying at someone's house for a period of time.\n\nI want to begin with \"thank you very much for having me\" which would normally\nbe お邪魔します as watching Japanese shows with subtitles have taught me. But I feel\nlike お邪魔します feels more like a short-time thing like \"sorry for the (temporary)\nintrusion\" as opposed to something along the lines of what I want to say.\n\nWhat would be more correct in the context that I am writing in?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T09:44:33.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32976",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T14:53:24.723",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-19T14:53:24.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "13908",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"usage",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Can お[邪魔]{じゃま}します be used in cases of long-term stay?",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "I think お邪魔します is used in cases of short-term stay as you said.\n\nI think お世話になります is natural in cases of long-term stay.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T09:57:04.927",
"id": "32977",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T09:57:04.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32976",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32976 | 32977 | 32977 |
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